˙LW[ AW—LpÆj’˚\

RVÙ¨l◊

UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m (SCERT), ˙LW[m

2016

A¥l-TûPl TôPèp

R™r

KERALA READER - TAMIL (BT)Standard VII

YÏl×

VII

KT 203-1/

Tam

il 7-

BT

˙RNıV LˆRm

_] LQ U] ARıSÙVL _V ˙a

TÙWR TÙdV YıRÙRÙ

TgNÙT £k’ œ_WÙR UWÙhPÙ

RıWÙYıP EjLX TeLÙ

YıkRıV aıUÙNX Vÿ]Ù LeLÙ

EfNX _XRı RWeLÙ

RY —T SÙ˙U _Ù˙L

RY —T BNı^ UÙ˙L

LÙ˙L RY _V LÙRÙ

_] LQ UeL[ RÙVL _V ˙a

TÙWR TÙdV YıRÙRÙ

_V ˙a! _V ˙a! _V ˙a!

_V _V _V _V ˙a!

˛ ULÙLÆ CW≈kßWSÙj RÙ·o

EflRı˘UÙZı

CkRıVÙ G]’ SÙ”. CkRıVo A˚]Y⁄m G]’ EPuTı\k˙RÙo.

G]’ SÙh˚P SÙu E´¨‡m ˙UXÙL Ußd°˙\u. ARu Y[m YÙnkR

TpY˚Ll TWmT˚Wl ◊LØp SÙu ̆ T⁄˚U˘LÙs°˙\u. ARtœjRL SÙu Guflm

SPk’˘LÙs˙Yu.

Gu ˘Tt˙\Ùo, BNıÙıVo, Íj˙RÙo CYoL˚[ SÙu Suœ Ußl˙Tu.

GpXÙ⁄P‡m SÙu Ti◊Pu TZœ˙Yu. G]’ SÙh•≤Pÿm SÙh” UdL∞Pÿm

TdߟPu C⁄l˙Tu G] Eflß ·fl°˙\u. AYoL∞u SXjߤm

Y[jߤmRÙu G]’ CuTÿm APe°´⁄d°\’.

Prepared by :State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 012, KeralaWebsite: www.scertkerala.gov.ine-mail: scertkerala@asianetindia.comPhone : 0471 - 2341883, Fax: 0471 - 2341869First Edition: 2014, Reprint : 2016Type setting: SCERT Computer LabPrinted at : KBPS, Kakkanad, Kochi - 30

© Government of Kerala • Department of Education

Au◊s[ UÙQYoL˙[,

˘UÙØ GuT’ L⁄j’l T¨UÙt\jßtLÙ] J⁄ L⁄Æ Uh”UpX;

A’ U≤R C]jßu BjUÙ‹UÙœm. ˘UÙØ LÙXk˙RÙflm

Y[of£ ˘TtflY⁄m Jufl. ˘UÙØ C≤˚UVÙ]’; Bt\p

™dL’; £kR˚]˚Vj Ái”Y’; SYWNeL˚[Ÿm ̇ RÙtflÆlT’.

J⁄ ˘UÙØ´u C≤˚UŸm Bt\¤m A˚Rl TVuT”j’

˙YÙ¨u ˘UÙØ Bt\˚XŸm ˘UÙØjß\˚]Ÿm ˘TÙflj’

A˚UŸm. J⁄Yo TVuT”j’m ˘UÙØ˙V AYW’ Ti◊SXu

L˚[d LÙh•d˘LÙ”j’Æ”m GuTÙoLs. ALjßu AZœ

ÿLjßp ˘R¨Ÿm GuT’˙TÙp J⁄YW’ LtT˚]´u Bt\p

AYW’ ˘UÙØ´p ˘R¨Ÿm G]XÙm. Ts∞l TÙPeLs ˘Yflm

L⁄j’L˚[ Uh”m EQoj’Y˙RÙ” ®uflÆPÙUp ˘UÙØj

ß\˚] Y[oj’d˘LÙs[‹m Efl’˚QVÙL C⁄dL ˙Yi”m.

CdL⁄jß˚] U]ßp˘LÙi˙P ClTÙPËp Y•Y˚UdLl

Th”s[’. TÙPeLs SpX L⁄j’L˚[j R⁄mT•VÙL‹m ̆ NVp

TÙ”Ls SpX ß\uL˚[ Y[oj’d˘LÙsfimT•VÙL‹m

A˚UdLlTh”s[]. HZÙm Yœl©u ˘UÙØËp TÙPm

YØVÙL SÙm A˚PV ˙Yi•VYt˚\ A˚Pk’Æh˙PÙm

GuT˚R EflßT”j’YRÙL A˚UVh”m SU’ LpÆ.

YÙrj’Ls,

ÿ˚]-Yo ©. H. TÙj-ßUÙ,

CVdœSo

UÙ®Xd LpÆVÙWÙnf£ Utflm T´t£ ®flY]m

ß⁄Y]kR◊Wm

State Council of Educational Research and Training(SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 012.

Academic Co-ordinator

Dr. Sahaya Dhas, D., Research Officer, SCERT.

Members

Albert Irudhayaraj, R., GHS, Muthalamada, Palakkad.

Balmani. J., ALPS, Chundavarai, Idukki.

Durairaj, S., GHS, Pambanar, Idukki.

Mohana Doss, G., GUPS, Vandiperiyar, Idukki.

Kamaludeen, S., GHS, Muthalamada, Palakkad.

Raju,V., GUPS, Elappara, Idukki.

Dr. Santhoshkumar, G., GHSS, Vagaman, Idukki.

Sunder, K. R., GLPS, BLRam, Idukki.

Experts

Dr. Gomathy Nayagam, E., (Rtd.) Guest Lr., University of Madras.

Dr. Nainar,M., Reader (Rtd.), University College, Thiruvananthapuram.

Dr. Parasuraman, T., Associate Prof. , PILC, Pondichery.

Dr. Ratnasabapathy, P., Prof. (Rtd.), IASE, Chennai.

Dr. Subramonia Pillai, C., Prof. (Rtd.), University of Kerala.

Dr. Veerappan, P., Prof. (Rtd.), NCERT, Mysore.

Artists

Mohanan, J., SPLTr., (Rtd.), Nedumangad.

Subin, M.S., SPLTr., Kollam.

Nandakumar, C., Chittur, Palakkad

Tamil - VII (BT)

Textbook Development Committee

1. YÙrÆu J∞............................................. 7----- ˛ 24

°¨˘Lh EX°u £LWm ..................... 8

SpYÙr‹.................................................. 13

Eu]Ùp ÿ•Ÿm .................................. 18

2. Ui¶u UQm...................................... 25 ˛ 34

SÙ” ̆ NØd˙LÙ‘m ........................... 26

SU’ TiTÙ”........................................ 30

CRVm ˘RÙhP TZ˘UÙØ .............. 33

3. Es[e˚L´p EXLm ........................ 35 ̨ 48

Æi˚Qj˘RÙ”m Æk˚RLs ...... 36

C˚QVR[ BfN¨VeLs ............ 40

CkßV A±ÆVXÙ[oLs................. 43

AL-W-ÿ-R≠ .................................................... 48

Es[PdLm

Td-Lm

YÙr-Æu J¸ıYÙr-Æu J¸ı

Ru-‡-˚PV EP˚Xj RÙ˙] A±-Y-’RÙu B˙WÙd-°-Vm.

B˙WÙd-°-V-UÙ] EP-¤m Es-[-ÿm ®m-U-ß-VÙ] YÙr-‹d-œ

AY-£-Vm. Æ˚[-VÙh-”-Ls U°rf-£-̊ Vj R⁄-Y-’-Pu ̇ SÙVt\

YÙrd-̊ L-̊ Vj R⁄m A•l-T-̊ Pd LÙW-¶-L-[Ù-L-‹m Æ[e-œ-

°u-\-].

1

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

8

Nf£u W˙Ux ˘Pi”pLo ÿm˚T UÙSLWj˚Rf

˙NokR J⁄ S”jRWd œ”mTjßp SÙuLÙY’ œZk˚RVÙL

24-̨ 04˛1973 Cp ©\kRÙo. TX °¨d-̆ Lh ≈WoL˚[ E⁄YÙd°V

NÙW-RÙx-Wm ÆjVÙUkßo Ts∞´p ˙NokRÙo. ÿm˚T´u

Ts∞Lfid°˚P´XÙ] °¨d-˘Lh ˙TÙh• Ju±p

ClTs∞´u NÙoTÙL Æ˚[VÙ•V CY⁄m Æ˙]Ùj

LÙmT∞Ÿm C˚Qk’ 664 KhPeLs œÆjR]o. C’ CYo

B•V ÿRp UÙ®XeLfid°˚P´XÙ]

˙TÙh• GuT’m Al˙TÙ’ AYW’

YV’ 15 GuT’m œ±l©PjRdL’.

˘Pi”pLo 1989 Bm Bi” Rm

16 YVßp ÿRuÿ˚\VÙL CkßVÙÆu

NÙoTÙL ˘Pvh ˙TÙh•L∞p Æ˚[VÙ

•]Ùo. TÙ°vRÙu A¶dœ GßWÙ]

CkR ˘Pvh ˘RÙP¨p AYWÙp J⁄

A˚W NRm Uh”˙U A•dL ÿ•kR’.

1990 Cp Ce°XÙk’ A¶dœ GßWÙLj

R]’ ÿRp NRj˚R A•jRÙo. A’ ÿRp

CkßV A¶´p ®˚XVÙLj ˘RÙPok’

B• Y⁄m CYo ˘Pvh ˙TÙh•L∞p 15837 KhPeLfim,

J⁄ SÙs ˙TÙh•L∞p 18426 KhPeLfim œÆj’s[Ùo.

Nf£‡dœ AgN≠ Gu\ U˚]ÆŸm Ao_¯u Gu\

UL‡m Es[]o. C’Y˚W °¨d˘Lh Æ˚[VÙ•V

A˚]j’ Uh˚PVÙ[oL∞¤m ˘Pvh ˙TÙh•L∞p

©WÙhU‡dœ A”jR ®˚X´p Es[YWÙL‹m J⁄ SÙs

˙TÙh•L∞p ¨fNo”dœ A”jR ®˚X´¤m Nf£u

C⁄lTRÙL 2002˛Cp ÆLPu œ›Um ̆ Y∞´hP RW Y¨˚N

A±Æd°u\’. CkßVÙÆp CWiPÙY’ EV¨V œ•ÿ˚\

Æ⁄RÙ] TjU ÆÈ`u Æ⁄˚RŸm Æ˚[VÙh

”j’˚\´u ™L EV¨V Æ⁄RÙ] WÙÀq LÙkß

°¨d-̆ Lh EX-°u £L-Wm

Nf£u W˙Ux ˘Pi”pLo

YÙr-Æu J¸ı

9

˙Lp Wj]Ù Æ⁄˚RŸm

CYo ˘Ttfls[Ùo. 2013,

SYmTo UÙRjßp Ckß

VÙÆu ™Ll˘T¨V Æ⁄

RÙ] TÙWR Wj]Ù Æ⁄

’m Nf£‡dœ YZeLl

Th”s[’.

2010 ©lWY¨ 24,

œYÙ≠V¨p, ˘Ru]Ùl

©¨dLÙÆtœ GßWÙ]

J⁄SÙs Tu]Ùh”d

°¨d-˘Lh ˙TÙh•´p

BhP™ZdLÙ’, 200 Kh

PeLs œÆj’ EXLd

°¨d˘Lh•p ◊ßV NÙR˚]˚V HtT”j ߟs[Ùo.

CkR ULjRÙ] NÙR˚] T˚PdL Nf£u ˘Pi”pLo

G”j’d ˘LÙiP Tk’Ls ˘Yflm 147 Uh”˙U! C’Y˚W

Nf£u G”j’s[ 51 ˘Pvh NReL∞p 11 ÿ˚\ Uh”˙U

CkßVÙ ˙RÙpÆV˚Pk’s[’. 20 ÿ˚\ NU®˚XŸm 19

ÿ˚\ ˘Yt±Ÿm A˚Pk’s[’.

""CWh˚P NRm A•jR’ U°rf£˚V A∞d°\’.

B]Ùp ClT•˘VÙ⁄ NÙR˚]˚Vf ̆ NnV ̇ Yi”m Gu\

CXdœ ̊ Yj’ SÙu BPÆp˚X. A¶dLÙL B•V˙TÙ’

CkRf NÙR˚] T˚PdL ÿ•kR’. C⁄-T’ Bi”L[ÙL

G]’ BhPj˚R W£j’ EtNÙLlT”j’m Gu SÙh”

UdLfidœ CkRf NÙR˚]˚V AolT¶lT˚Rf £≠olTÙL

EQo°˙\u'' Gu°\Ùo °¨d˘Lh NÙR˚]VÙ[o Nf£u

W˙Ux ˘Pi”pLo. 40 Bi”d LÙX J⁄ SÙs °¨d˘Lh

YWXÙt±p CWh˚P NRm A•jR ÿRp ≈Wo Gu\ EXLf

NÙR˚]˚V ˘Pi”pLo NÙjßVlT”jߟs[Ùo.

◊L›˚WLs

EX°u R˚X £\kR Uh˚PVÙ[⁄m Bvß˙W≠V⁄

UÙ] No PÙu ©WÙhUu, Nf£≤u BhPm Ru‡˚PV

BhPj˚Rl ˙TÙu˙\ C⁄lTRÙLd ·±Ÿs[Ùo.

©WÙhU≤u U˚]ÆVÙ°V ˘_£Ÿm A˚R Jl◊d

˘LÙi”s[Ùo.

Æ⁄’Ls

NÙR˚]Ls TX ◊¨kR Nf£u CkßVÙ‹dœl

˘T⁄˚U ˙R•, C˚[OoLfidœ ÿuUÙߨVÙLj

ßLrTYo. Æ˚[VÙh”j’˚\´p AYo NÙR˚]

L˚[l TÙWÙh•l TX Æ⁄’Ls YZeLlTh”s[].

1994 ˛ Ao_˜]Ù Æ⁄’

1997 ˛ 98 WÙÀq LÙkß ˙Lp Wj]Ù Æ⁄’

1997 ˛ ÆvP≤u ™Lf £\kR ≈Wo Æ⁄’

1999 ˛ TjUc Æ⁄’

2008 ˛ TjUÆÈ`u Æ⁄’

2013 ˛ TÙWR Wj]Ù

KT 203-2/

Tam

il 7-

BT

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

10

1991 ˛ 1992 Bvß˙W≠V —tfllTVQjßu˙TÙ’

˙YLlTk’ ≈fNÙ[WÙ] ̆ Uoq ∂Îv A¶jR˚XYWÙ]

BXu TÙoP¨Pm, “CkRl ̆ TÙ•Vu Eu˚]ÆP AßL

KhPeLs œÆlTÙu” Gufl ·±´⁄d°\Ùo.

Bvß˙W≠V —ZpTk’ ≈fNÙ[o ˙`u ˙YÙou

R]’ ◊jRLjßp EX°u R˚X £\kR ≈WoL∞u

Th•V≠p Nf£‡dœ ÿR≠Pm ˘LÙ”j’d L‹WÆj

’s[Ùo.

Nf£u NÙR˚] ˘NnR˚Rd L‹WÆdœm ÆRjßp

œYÙ≠V¨p Es[ ÕWYÙ≠ NÙ˚Xdœf Nf£u

˘Pi”pLo ˘TVo „hPlT”YRÙL UjßV©W˙RN

ÿRpYo A±Æj’s[Ùo.

“ÿ±V•dL ÿ•VÙR NÙR˚] Gufl G’‹m Cp˚X.

ÿ±V•dLlTP ˙Yi”m GuTRtLÙL˙Y NÙR˚]Ls

®LrjRlT”°u\]. G]’ NÙR˚]L˚[ CkßVo J⁄Y˙W

ÿ±V•dL˙Yi”m Gufl Æ⁄m◊°˙\u.” Gu°\Ùo

˘Pi”pLo.

A¶´p C⁄dœm ˙TÙ˙R EXLd ˙LÙl˚T˚V

˘YpX ˙Yi”m Gu\ AY-W-’ L˚P£ Æ⁄l-Tm 2011˛Cp

®˚\˙Y±V’.

Nf-£-≤u ˘Yt± WL-£-Vm

˚URÙ-]j-ßt-œ ÿRp B[ÙL Y⁄m Nf-£u ≈” ß⁄m-◊-Y-ßp L˚P£

B[ÙL C⁄l-TÙo.

ÆÎ-Lm A˚Uj-’l Tk-’-L˚[ Gßo-̆ LÙs[f £\l◊l T´t£ A∞l-TÙo.

—V Lh-”l-TÙ-”-Pu LP-̊ U-́ p Uh-”˙U LY-]m ˘N¤j-’-YÙo.

EPp Efl-ß-̊ Vl ̇ T‘-Y˙R A•l-T˚Pl T´t£ Gu-T˚R EQok-ß⁄k-

RÙo.

TX-ÿ˚\ ÆUo-£d-Ll-T-hP-̇ TÙ-’m Bh-Pj-ßu ÍX˙U Tß-X-• Rk-RÙo.

R]-’ NL ≈WoLfiPu C˚Qk-’ A¶-́ u ˘Yt-±˚V Uh-”˙U ˙SÙd-

L-UÙ-Ld ˘LÙi-” ˘NVp-Th-PÙo.

Ru-]m-©d˚L CZd-LÙ-Up ÿVu-fl NÙR-̊ ]-L˚[ YNl-T-”j-ß-]Ùo.

TX-̇ LÙ-• ÏTÙn ˘LÙ”dL ÿu Yk-R-̇ TÙ-’m U’-TÙ-]j RVÙ-̈ l◊ Æ[m-

T-We-L-∞p S•dL Uflj-RÙo.

°¨d-̆ Lh EX-°u

©RÙ-U-Lu G]

A˚Zd-Ll-T-”-°-\Ùo

Nf-£u. Ck-ßV

SÙPÙ-fi-Uu\ UÙ®Xe

L[-̊ Y-́ p ˘L¸WY

Efll-©-]-WÙL‹m

Es-[Ùo Nf-£u.

10

YÙr-Æu J¸ı

11

Nf£u! A•jRÙn NReLs Ëfl,

™fNm NÙR˚] EiPÙ ·fl

EfNm EVWm ˘RÙhPÙn Cufl,

EXLm Eu˚]l ˙TÙtfl’ Sufl.

Tjßp C⁄dœm Bflm SÙuœm

˘TV¨p C⁄lT’ ˘TÙ⁄jRm RÙ˙]?

Kn˘Y” Gufl E˚WjRYo GpXÙm

YÙnÍ• Cufl YÙrj’f ˘NÙu]Ùo.

Bvß˙W≠V SÙh”Pu RÙ˙],

AßL NReLs A•j’ ANjß]Ùn.

Uh˚P E]’ AWeLm ˙TÙu\’

KhPm E]’ œ⁄ß´p LXkR’.

BflLs Eu˚] Au◊Pu A˚Zdœm,

SÙuœLs Eu‡Pu Sh◊Pu C⁄dœm.

Juflm CWi”m Jh• E\YÙ”m,

GßW¶ ·P Eu◊Lr TÙ”m,

NRmø A•jRÙp ˘Yt± Cp˚X,

GuTYo ˘NÙp≠p Ei˚U Cp˚X.

ImTj’ SÙu°p °˚PjR’ ˘Yt±,

C⁄Tj’ SÙu°p Uh”˙U ˙RÙpÆ.

Uh˚P BhPm B”˙YÙod ˘LpXÙm,

Lh˚P ÆW˚Xd ˙LhLÙj ’˙WÙQo.

°¨d˘Lh EX°u LP‹s B]Ùn,

SÙ˙[”L∞u SÙVLu B]Ùn.

A¶´p C⁄lT’ A¶dœl TX˙U,

A”jRYo BhPÿm W£lT’u œQ˙U.

£flYo £fl™Vo ∫±”m C˚[Oo,

Y±VYo Yp¤So YÙrjß”m L˚XOo.

A˚]Y⁄m ˙TÙtflm øJ⁄ At◊Rm,

®˚]Æp ®u±”m EkRu ËflNRm.

NRjßp NRm

•.-Gu. ÿW-«-R-Wu

‘Íe-°p LÙtfl’ LÆ-̊ R-́ -≠-⁄k’

11

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

12

Æ⁄’Lfim ◊L›m

TÙPlTœß˚V YÙ£j’d ∏rdLÙ‘m AhPY˚Q˚Vl Èojß

˘NnV‹m.

£\l◊Ls Y⁄Pm

©\l◊ 1973

Ao_¯]Ù Æ⁄’

2008

TjUc Æ⁄’

ÆvP≤u £\kR ≈Wo

1997 ˛ 98

ÿRp NRm

1989

200 KhPeLs

˙Th• LÙi˙TÙm

Nf£u ˘Pi”pL˚Wl ˙Th• LÙiTRtLÙL Æ]Ù ®Wp RVÙ¨ŸeLs.

Cufl Nf£u SÙ˚[ ø ...

Ee-L-fidœj ˘R¨kR T˚Z-V, ◊ßV Æ˚[VÙh”L-̊ [l Th•VXÙLj

˘RÙœj’ ˘Y∞´”e-Ls.

LÆ-̊ R TÙP-XÙm

TÙPl-T-œ-ß-́ -¤s[ LÆ-̊ R˚V E¨V Ht-\ C\dLj’Pu YÙ£-Ÿe-Ls.

LYokR Y -̈Ls

TÙP≠p Ee-L-fidœl ©•jR Y -̈Ls G˚Y? Hu?

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

YÙr-Æu J¸ı

13

EQ‹ (®Xm)

T£j-RÙp Uh-”m Ei-Q-‹m.

Ei-‘m-̆ TÙ-›-’ A˚W-U-¶ -̇ S-Wm ÿu-◊m ©u-◊m øo A⁄k-

Rd ·PÙ-’. ˙R˚Yl-Th-PÙp Uh-”m £±-R-[‹ A⁄kRXÙm.

EQ˚Y Su\ÙL ˘Uufl ·r˙TÙp

A˚Wj-’ Æ›eL ˙Yi-”m.

˘RÙ˚Xd-LÙh-£ TÙoj-Rp, ◊j-R-Lm T•jRp,

˘Np-̇ TÙu ̇ T—-Rp, LÙ˚Xj ̆ RÙe-LÆ-”-Rp

˙TÙu-\Yt˚\ Ei‘m-˙TÙ-’ ˘Nn-Rp

·PÙ’.

ÿ•k-R-Y˚W ≈h•p N˚UjR EQ‹ Ei-

Q-‹m.

œ•-Ri-Ωo (øo)

RÙLm G”j-RÙp Uh-”˙U

˙R˚Y-VÙ] A[‹ Ri-Ωo

œ•d-L-‹m.

Gl˙TÙ’m —jRUÙ] œ•

ø˚W˙V TVuT”jR ̇ Yi”m.

Ui-TÙ -˚]-´p CWi-”

U¶-̇ S-Wm ˚YjR ø˚Wl TVu-T-”j-’Y’ SpX’.

LÙt-fl

˘LÙ—-Yojß Lh-PÙ-Vm TVu-T-”j-Rd-·PÙ’.

˘LÙ— L•d-LÙ-Up C⁄dLd ˘LÙ— Y˚X-̊ Vl

TVu-T-”jR ˙Yi-”m.

24 U¶-̇ S-W-ÿm SpX LÙt-fl Es˙[ Yk’,

A—jRd LÙt-fl ˘Y∞-̇ V-flm Y˚L´p LÙt-

˙\Ùh-PUÙ] CPeL∞p C⁄dL ˙Yi-”m.

Sp-YÙr‹

Im-È-Re-L-fim B˙WÙd°-V-ÿm

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

14

Kn‹m E\d-Lÿm (BLÙVm)

YPd˙L R˚X ˚Yj-’l T”d-Ld

·PÙ’.

E\eœYRtœ ÿu º, LÙ© œ•d-Ld

·PÙ-’.

E\d-Lj-ßt-œm, Kn-Æt-œm Es[

˙YflTÙh˚Pj ˘R¨k-’ ˘LÙs-fie-Ls.

CW-Æp Tp- ’Xd°Æh-”l T”j-RÙp

Su-\ÙL E\d-Lm Y⁄m.

E˚Zl◊ (˘S⁄l◊)

œ∞-Ïh-•-L-˚[l TVu-T-”j-Rd

·PÙ-’. ß]-ÿm EP-≠p Es[

A˚]j-’ C˚Ql-◊-L-fid-œm

˙Y˚X ˘LÙ”dL ˙Yi-”m. Al-

˙TÙ-’-RÙu ®Q-øo Kh-Pm Su-\ÙL

C⁄d-œm.

CWj-Rm KP C⁄-R-Vm ER-‹m.

B]Ùp ®Q-øo KP EPp

E˚Zl◊ Uh-”˙U ER-‹m.

˙VÙLÙ-N-]e-Ls A±-̇ YÙm

5000 Bi-”-L-fid-œ ÿu Ck-ß-VÙ-Æp ˙RÙu-±V EPt-

T´t£ ÿ˚\˙V ˙VÙLd L˚X Ap-X-’ ˙VÙLÙ-N-]m.

˙VÙLÙN-]eL˚[ AkRd LÙXj-ßp YÙrkR ˙VÙ°Ls

LÙh•p YÙ›m ™⁄-Le-Ls, T\-̊ Y-Ls C˚Y-L-∞u ˘NVp-

L˚[l TÙoj-’ Y•-Y-̊ Uj-RÙo-Ls Gu-fl ·flY’i”. CkR

A¨V ˘TÙd-°-Nj˚R ÿRu ÿR-≠p EX-œd-œ G›j-’

Y•Æp A∞j-R-Yo TRg-N≠ ÿ≤-YoRÙu. CYW’ Ë≠p

˙VÙLÙN] ÿ˚\Ls G›j-’ ÍX-UÙ-L˙Y C⁄k-R-]. ©\-œ

YkR Ëp-Ls Am ÿ˚\-L˚[l TPe-L-̇ [Ù” ̆ Y∞´hP].

YÙr-Æu J¸ı

15

ÿd-°-V-UÙ] ˙VÙLÙ-N-]eLs £X

EX-°p Gi-¶-X-PeLÙ BN-]e-Ls Es-[-]. C⁄k-RÙ¤m

£X œ±l-©hP BN-]e-L˚[f ̆ Nn-RÙp Sm YÙrSÙs ÿ›-

’m ˙SÙn-̆ SÙ-•-́ u±l ◊j-’-Qof-£-̇ VÙ-” YÙZ-XÙm.

Ce-œ Sm Au-\ÙP YÙr-Æt-œj ˙R˚Y-VÙ] £X

ÿd°VUÙ] ˙VÙLÙ-N-]e-Ls, ˘NnŸm ÿ˚\, ˘Nn-Y-RÙp

Es[ Su˚U, B°-V-˚Y Æ[dLlTh”s[]. A˚]

Y⁄m CYt-̊ \d L˚Pl-©-•j-’l TVu-̆ T-\-XÙm.

Yw-WÙ-N-]m

C⁄ LÙp-L-˚[l ©u-◊-\-UÙL UPd° Eh-LÙW‹m. Sm

©u-◊\e-Ls C⁄ LÙp-L-∞u ˙Up C⁄dL ˙Yi-”m. C˙R

®˚X´p 15 ®™-Pm C⁄d-L-‹m.

TVu-Ls: Y´t-±p Es[ ˙LÙ[Ù-fl-Ls, AÀ-W-Qm œQ-UÙ-

œm. ÿ’-œj Ri”-Y-Pm Y¤l-̆ T-flm.

RÚWÙ-N-]m

œl-◊-\l T”j-’d-˘LÙi-” ÿZe-LÙ-¤dœ ˙U¤s[

Tœß˚V CWi-” ̊ LL˚[l ©u˙] øh-•l ©•j’d

˘LÙs[‹m. Íf-̊ N APd° EeLs R˚X˚V ̇ U˙X

Ád° ˙SWÙLl TÙod-L-‹m. Cl-˘TÙ›’ ®RÙ-]-UÙL

Íf— ÆP‹m. EeLs Y´tfll Tœß˚Vj ÁdLd

·PÙ’. C˙R ̇ TÙp Ik-’ Ap-X-’ Bfl ÿ˚\ CkRl

T´t-£-̊ Vf ˘NnV‹m.

TVu-Ls: CkR BN-]m ˘Nn-Y-R-]Ùp Y´t-fll Tœ-ß-́ p

Es[ N˚R-Ls œ˚\Ÿm. CWjR Kh-Pm Aß-L-¨d-œm,

ÿ’œj Ri-” YPj-ßp Es[ Y≠ øeœm.

Tf-£-̇ UÙj-RÙ-N-]m

C⁄ LÙp-L˚[ øh-• ˙SWÙL Eh-LÙ-W-‹m. C⁄ ˚LL-̊ [Ÿm

˙U˙X EVojß ˘U’-YÙL Íf˚N C›j-’ Æh-”d

˘LÙi˙P ˚LÆ-Wp-L-[Ùp LÙp TÙRj-˚R˙VÙ Ap-X-’

Lh˚P ÆW-̊ X˙VÙ ©•j-’d˘LÙs[ ˙Yi”m. LÙp-L˚[

UPdLd ·PÙ-’. CkR ®˚X-́ p 3 ÿRp 5 ®™-Pe-LsY˚W

C⁄eLs.

T£-́ u±

G˚R-Ÿm Ei-QÙ-æo.

Ei-‘m˙TÙ’

EQ-̊ Yj RÆW

G˚R-Ÿm Gi-QÙ-æo.

˛ ÕXo TÙv-Lo

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

16

TVu-Ls: ˘RÙl˚T œ˚\V SpX YØ C’. C”l◊l

Tœ-ß-́ p C⁄d-œm R˚N-Ls œ˚\Ÿm.

£W-NÙ-N-]m

R˚W-´p J⁄ ˙TÙo-˚Y˚V ƨj-’j R˚X˚Vd

∏˙Z ˚Yj’d ˚LL˚[ BR-W-YÙL ˚Yj-’d ˘LÙi-”

Al-T-•˙V Ee-Ls LÙ˚X ˙U˙X ÁdL ˙Yi-”m.

N -̈VÙL 90 •°¨ ̇ LÙQj-ßp R˚X-∏-ZÙL ®tL ̇ Yi-”m.

œ˚\k-R-’ J⁄ ®™-Pm C˙R ®˚X-́ p C⁄d-L-‹m.

CkR BN-]j˚R C⁄-RV Nm-Tk-Rl-ThP ˙SÙn Es-

[-Yo-Lfim CWjR A›j-Rm Es-[-Yo-Lfim Li-•l-

TÙLf ˘NnVd ·PÙ-’.

TVu-Ls: ß]-ÿm CR˚]f ̆ Nn-Y-RÙp Sm Í˚[d-œf

˘Np-¤m CWjR Kh-Pm AßL¨dœm, Í˚[ —fl-—-

fll-TÙ-œm.

ÆT-√-R-L-W¶

˙SWÙLl T”j-’- LÙp-Ls CWi-̊ P-Ÿm 90 •°¨d-œ

˙U˙X ÁdL ˙Yi-”m. ˙U˙X Ádœm˙TÙ˙R

Íf˚N C›j-’Æh”d ˘LÙi˙P CWi-”

˚LL˚[l Td-L-YÙh-•p Cfl-Ll ©•j-’d˘LÙs[

˙Yi-”m.

TVu-Ls: CkR BN-]m ˘Nn-Y-R-]Ùp C”l◊, Y -́fl,

©u-◊-\f N˚R-Ls B°-V] œ˚\Ÿm.

Tj-UÙ-N-]m

®™ok-’ Nm-U-Q-™h-” Eh-LÙok-’ CP-’ LÙ˚X YX-’

˘RÙ˚P-́ u ¡’m, YX-’ LÙ˚X CP-’ ˘RÙ˚P-́ u

¡’m ̊ Yj-’ ̇ SWÙ-L -®™ok-’ Eh-LÙ-W-‹m. Sm TÙRe-

Ls ˙Up-̇ SÙd° C⁄lT’˙TÙX C⁄dL ˙Yi-”m.

œi-PÙL C⁄l-T-Yo-Lfidœf Nt-fl £W-U-UÙL C⁄d-

œm. C’ TZLlTZLf N¨VÙ°Æ-”m.

Tf-£-̇ UÙj-RÙ-N-]m

£W-NÙ-N-]m

RÚWÙ-N-]m

YÙr-Æu J¸ı

17

˙VÙLÙN]eL-fim TVu-L-fim

˙VÙLÙ-N-]e-L-[Ùp ˘Tflm TVu-Ls œ±j’d LXk-’-̊ W-VÙ• Ah-P-Y-

˚Q˚V ®˚\‹ ˘Nn-Ÿe-Ls.

˙VÙLÙ-N-]m Su˚U

Tj-UÙ-N-]m

RÚ-WÙ-N-]m

£W-NÙ-N-]m

Yw-WÙ-N-]m

ÆT-√-R-L-W¶

EPt-T-́ t-£-Ÿm SX-YÙr-‹m

EPt-T-´t£ ˘Nn-Y-RÙp Ht-T-”m Su-˚U-Ls G˚Y? L⁄j-’L-˚[j

˘RÙœj’ G›-’e-Ls.

øeLs ˘Nn-Ÿm £X EPtT´t-£-L-∞u ˘TVo-Ls G›-’e-Ls.

TÙPp-Ls ˙NL-̈ -Ÿe-Ls

K• Æ˚[-VÙ” TÙlTÙ ˛ ø

Knk-ß-⁄d-L-XÙ-LÙ’ TÙlTÙ ˛ C’-̇ TÙu\ Æ˚[-VÙh-”l TÙPp-L˚[f

˙NL-¨-Ÿe-Ls.

Tj-UÙ-N-]m

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

TVu-Ls : C”l◊l TXl-T-”m, EP-≠p CWj-Rm Su-œ Án˚UVÙ-d

LlT-”m, ·u ÿ’-œ N -̈VÙ-œm, EP-≠p —fl—fll◊ Ei-PÙ-œm.

KT 203-3/

Tam

il 7-

BT

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

18

A’ KoEVo-®˚Xl Ts∞!

Ts-∞-´u ˘Ys∞ ÆZÙ˚Yd ˘LÙi-PÙPl Ts∞

®o-YÙ-°-L-fim B£-¨-Vl ˘T⁄-Ud-L-fim, Hu UÙQY

UÙQÆ-L-fim Rj-Rm T¶-́ p D”-Th-P-]o.

Lh-”-˚Wl ˙TÙh-•, ˙Tf-—l ˙TÙh-• Ut-flm Tp-˙Y-fl

Æ˚[-VÙh-”l ̇ TÙh•Ls A±-Æd-Ll-Th-P-]. UÙQ-Y UÙQ-

Æ-Vo AY-W-Yo-L-fid-œ Æ⁄l-T-UÙ] ˙TÙh-•-L-∞p Teœ-

˘T\l ˘TVo-L-̊ [l Tß‹ ˘Nn-R-]o.

ÿj-’-U¶ Lh-”-˚Wl ˙TÙh-•, ˙Tf-—l ˙TÙh-•-L-∞p

Uh-”˙U LXk-’ ˘Yt±l T¨-—-L-˚[d œÆj-R-Yu. Cq-

YÙi” Æ˚[-VÙh-”l ̇ TÙh-•-L-∞-¤m LXk-’-̆ LÙs-[j Ru

˘TV-˚Wl Tß‹ ˘Nn-ß-⁄k-RÙu. ARt-œd LÙW -Qm

AY‡˚PV Si-To-Ls-RÙm.

“˙Pn! ÿj-’-U-¶, Lh-”-̊ W, ̇ Tf-—l-̇ TÙh-•-L-∞˙X T¨—

YÙe-L\ ø Æ˚[-VÙh-”l ̇ TÙh-•-L-∞˙X YÙeL ÿ•-Ÿ-UÙ?”Gu-\Ùu J⁄-Yu.

“HiPÙ ÿ•-VÙ-’. A’˙X G]d-œ Æ⁄l-

Tk-RÙu. B]Ùp LXk-’d-L˙X” Gu-\Ùu

ÿj-’-U-¶.

“HiPÙ ˘TÙn ˘NÙp-˙\. Eu-]Ù˙X

ÿ•-VÙ-’. øRÙu ˙SÙg-NÙ-]Ùf˙N!” Gufl

°i-P-X-•j-RÙu Ut-̆ \Ù-⁄-Yu.

“˙SÙg-NÙ]Ù C⁄kRÙ ˘Yt± ˘T\

ÿ•-VÙ-RÙ? ̇ Pn ÿj-’-U¶ ̇ TÙh-•-́ ˙X

LXk-’d-L-PÙ, ˘Yt± ˘Tt-fl CYeL

ÿLjß˙X L¨-˚Vl È—PÙ” Gu-\Ùu

AY‡dœ ˘S⁄e-°V Si-T-̆ ]Ù-⁄-Yu.

Eu-]Ùp ÿ•-Ÿm

’¶˙Y ’˚Q!

18

YÙr-Æu J¸ı

19

“N¨PÙ. Cl-T˙Y Gu ˘TV-˚Wl Tß‹ ˘Ng-—-P-˙\u”Gufl Æ˚Wk-RÙu.

˘TV-̊ Wl Tß‹ ˘Nn-’-Æh-PÙ˙] RÆ-W, ˘Yt± ˘T\

ÿ•-ŸUÙ Gu\ IVÿm Af-N -ÿm AYu U]j-ßp

GZÙU≠p-˚X.

“Am-UÙ, SÙu ˙SÙg-NÙ]Ù C⁄d-

˙L-]Ùm. AR-]Ù˙X Æ˚[-VÙh-”l

˙TÙh•´˙X ̆ Yt-±-̆ T\ ÿ•VÙ’u‡-

°iPp Ti-\Ùe-Lm-UÙ. B]Ù-¤m

Æ˚[-VÙh”l ̇ TÙh•´˙X LXk-’d-

L-\RÙl ˘TV-˚Wl Tß‹ Ti-¶h-

˙PmUÙ” Gu-\Ùu LY˚X˙VÙ-”.

“A’dLÙ LY -˚Xl - T - P - ˙\ .

EPm-˚Tj ˙Rj-ßh-PÙl ˙TÙf-—.

LY-̊ X˚V Æ”PÙ Li-QÙ. ˙TÙh-•-

´˙X ˘Yt± ˘T\j-RÙu ˙TÙ˙\.

ÿLj˚R AXm-©h-”f £t-fli-•

NÙl©”” Gu-\Ùs Am-UÙ.

ß]-ÿm AY-‡d-œd ˙Lr-Y-W-œd

Lg-£-Ÿm, ÿh-̊ PŸm TÙ¤m, Nj-RÙ]

EQ‹ Y˚L-L-fim ˘LÙ”j-’ AYu EPm-̊ Tj ˙Rt-\-XÙ-

]Ùs.

Æ˚[-VÙh-”l ˙TÙh-•d-LÙ] ˘TÙfll-©˚] Ht-fld-

˘LÙi-•-⁄k-RÙo EPt-T´t£ B£-̈ -Vo BP-X-W-Nu.

“UÙQ-Yo-L-̇ [! øe-Ls Gp-XÙ-⁄m ̇ TÙh-•-L-∞˙X LXk’

˘LÙs-[l ˙TÙ»e-L. AYt-±t-LÙ] T´t-£-L˚[ A∞d-Ll

˙TÙ˙\u. A’d-œ ÿu-]Ù˙X Ee-L-fid-œ Et-NÙ-L-ÿm

FdLÿm R⁄-Y-Rt-œf £X A±-‹-˚W-L˚[f ˘NÙp-Xl-

˙TÙ°˙\u.

˙TÙh-•-́ p LXk-’d-L-\-YeL Gp-̇ XÙ-⁄˙U ˘Yt± ˘T\

ÿ•-VÙ-’. Jq-˘YÙ-⁄j-R-⁄d-œm ˘Yt± ˘T\-‘e-L\

Eflߟm ’¶f-N-¤m ˙R˚Y.

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

20

˙RÙp-Æ-V -˚P-V -\ -YeL ’Yi-” ˙TÙLd-·-PÙ -’.

˙RÙp-Æ-L-̇ [ ˘Yt-±´u T•d-Lt-Ls.

T´t-£-Ÿm ÿVt-£-Ÿm C⁄kRÙp Gk-Rj ’˚\-´¤m

˘Yt± ˘T\XÙm'' Gu\Ùo EPtT´t£ B£¨Vo.

AYo ˙U¤m ˘RÙPokRÙo.

""NÙR-˚]-Ls TX ◊¨kR œt-\Ù-ƒvY-Wu CRtœ Ko

G”j’d-LÙh”. œt-\Ù-ƒv-Y-Wu ̆ Nu-̊ ]-̊ Vf NÙokR C[m

øf-Np ≈Wu. AYu EX-Lf NÙR-̊ ]VÙ[oLs Th-•-V≠˙X

CPm ˘Tt-±-⁄d-°-\Ùu. AY-̊ ]l Tt-±V £X RL-Yp-L˚[

Ee-Lfid-œf ̆ NÙp-\-’ TV-‡s-[RÙ C⁄d-œm-‡ L⁄-R-̇ \u.

AYu H› YV-ß-˙X˙V øf-Np Lt-fld ˘LÙi-PÙu.

AY]-’ Bo-Yj-̊ Rd LiP Nk-ß-Wu Gu\ T´t-£-VÙ-[o

AY-‡d-œ Fd-Lm ˘LÙ”j-’ øiP ˙SWm øk-’-Y-Rt-œl

T´t£ A∞j-RÙo.

LP-≠p øk-’-Y-Rt-œl TP-˙LÙh-• J⁄-Yo- AY-‡d-œl

T´t£ ˘LÙ”jRÙo.

ÿRu ÿ-RXÙLf ˘Nu˚] Th-•-]l-TÙd-Lj-ß-≠-⁄k-’

˘U¨]Ù Y˚W LP-≠p økß ÿRp T -̈— ˘Tt-\Ùu. A’˙Y

AY-‡d-œ Et-NÙ-L-ÿm Fd-L-ÿm A∞j-R-’.

ARu ©\-œ ÿm-̊ T-́ -¤m Lp-Lj-RÙ-Æ-¤m øiP ÁWm

Bt-±p øk-ß´⁄d°\Ùu. ̇ R£V øf-Np ̇ TÙh-•-́ ˙X LXk’

Íu-\Ù-Y-’ CPj-̊ Rl ˘Tt-\Ùu.

AYu T˚PjR ÿRp NÙR˚]

CXe-̊ Lj R˚X-Uu-]Ù-̈ -≠-⁄k-’ R‡x-

˙LÙ-• Y˚W, °h-Pj-RhP 38 °˙XÙ ¡hPo

ÁWj˚R øk-ß-V’ RÙu. A’-‹m A˚X

≈—m LP-≠p! B˚[˙V Æ›e-œm, Hu

Ll-T-˚X˙V LÆrd-œm —\Ù-¡u-L-fim

ß™e-L-Xe-L-fim EX-‹m LP-≠p Tu-≤-

Wi-” YV-’f £fl-Yu øk-ßd LPk-ß-⁄d-

°\Ùu Gu-\Ùp AYu ’¶f-N -˚Xl

TÙWÙhP ˙Yi-”-Up-X-YÙ? AY-‡d-œj

’¶˙Y ’˚QVÙ C⁄k-ß-⁄d-œ Cp˚XVÙ?

20

YÙr-Æu J¸ı

21

1994 -Bm Bi-•p TÙd _X-Nk-ß, Ce-°-ƒx

LÙp-YÙn, Cj-RÙ-≠-́ p Es[ —˙]Ùu, Cj-RÙ≠ ˛

°√-—d-°-̊ P˙V Es[ ˘U¨]Ù LÙp-YÙn, Bv-ß-

˙W-≠-VÙ-Æp Es[ ˙SÙh-]vh LÙp-YÙn, Ak-R-

UÙu LÙp-YÙn B°V Bfl LPt-T-œ-ß-L˚[ økßd

LPk-’ NÙR˚] T˚PjR AYu ˙U¤m TX NÙR-

˚]-L-̊ [l T˚Pd-Lj ’•j-’d ̆ LÙi-•-⁄d-°-\Ùu.

°u-]v ◊j-R-Lj-ßp AYu ˘TVo ®f-N-Vm CPm-

˘T-flm.

AY-˚]l ˙TÙp øe-Ls Jq-˘YÙ-⁄-Y-⁄m

NÙR˚] ◊¨-V-‘m. AR-]Ù˙X Ee-L-fid-œm ˘T⁄˚U;

EeL˚[l ˘Tt-\ -Yo-L -fid-œm ˘T⁄˚U; Hu CkR

SÙh”dœm ˘T⁄-̊ U. øeLs NÙR˚] ◊ -̈≈e-L-[Ù?” Gu-fl

UÙQYoL˚[l TÙoj-’d ˙Lh-PÙo BP-X-W-Nu.

UÙQ-Yo-Ls A˚]-Y-⁄m ‘NÙR˚] ◊ -̇̈ YÙm’ G]d ·±-]o.

˘RÙPok-’ J⁄ UÙRm T´t£ A∞dLl-Th-P -’.

CflßVÙLl ˙TÙh-• S˚P-˘Tt-\-˙TÙ’ ˘Yt-±-˘Tt\

UÙQYoLs Th-•-V-≠p ÿj-’-U-¶-´u ˘TV-⁄m CPm-

˘Tt\’.

Ts-∞-́ u ̆ Ys-∞-ÆZÙ £\l-TÙ-Ld ̆ LÙi-PÙ-PlTh-P’.

ÆZÙ-Æt-œ, Lp-Æj-’˚\ A¤-Y-Xo -L -fim LpÆ

A˚UfN⁄m A˚Zd-Ll-Th-•-⁄k-R-]o.

ÿj-’-U¶ Jq-̆ YÙ-⁄ ̇ TÙh-•d-œm T -̈—-̆ T\ Yk-R-̇ TÙ’

TXjR ̊ Lj RhP¤m BW-YÙ-W-ÿm G›k-R-]. ÿj-’-U-¶´u

ÿLj-ß˙X U°rf£ ˘TÙe-°-V-’. AY˚]l ˘Tt-\-Yo-L-∞u

U°rf-£d-œf ˘NÙpX ˙Yi-”-UÙ?

ÿj-’-U-¶˚V ˘Yœ-YÙ-Ll TÙWÙh-•l ˙T—m-˙TÙ-’

A˚]-Y-⁄˙U U°rf£ BW-YÙ-Wm ˘Nn-R-]o.

ÆZÙ ®˚\‹˘Tt\’. ÿj-’-U¶ U°rf-£d LP-≠p

™Rk’ ˘Nu-\Ùu. SÙÿm HRÙ-Y-’ NÙR˚] ◊¨V ˙Yi-”m

Gu-‡m Efl-ß-Ÿm ’¶-‹m AYu Es-[j-ßp G›k-R-’.

˛ LÆ-Oo ˘S. A. ÈTß

œt-\Ù-ƒv-Y-Wu

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

22

Æ”-So:

˘NV-Xo,

Ud-Ls SX-Uu-\m,

¡]Ùh-£-◊-Wm.

˘Tfl-So:

UÙ®X Æ˚[-VÙh-”j ’˚\ A˚Uf-No,

˙LW[ UÙ®-Xm.

Ußl-©t-œ-̈ V IVÙ,

˘TÙ⁄s:˛ ""Æ˚[-VÙh-” ˚URÙ-]m A˚Uj-’j RW Æi-Ql-©j-Rp''.

YQd-Lm.

Ge-L-o, £j-Áo Yh-Pj-ßp Es[ ¡]Ùh-£-◊-Wm Bœm. Ce-œf —UÙo

Ik-Ë-fl œ”m-Te-Ls Es-[-]. CWi-PÙ-́ -Wm Ud-Ls YÙr-°u-\-]o. T•jR

C˚[-Oo-L-fim Th-P-RÙ-̈ -L-fim G›-Ëfl ˙To Es-[-]o. Ko EVo-®˚Xl -

Ts∞Ÿm Ko C˚P-®-̊ Xl-Ts-∞-Ÿm Es-[-]. Gi-Ê-fl UÙQ-YoLs Al-

Ts-∞-L-∞p T´p-°u-\-]o.

GeLs F¨p Ts∞ UÙQ-Yo-L-fim T•jR C˚[-Oo-L-fim TV-‡s[

YØ-́ p UÙ˚Xl ˘TÙ›-̊ Rl ˙TÙdL J⁄ Æ˚[-VÙh-” ˚URÙ-]m Cp-̊ X.

AR-]Ùp AYo-Ls Rm Æ˚[-VÙh”j ß\˚] Y[oj-’d ̆ LÙs-[- CV-XÙUp

≈QÙLl ̆ TÙ›-̊ Rl ̇ TÙd-œ-°u-\-]o. UÙQ-Yo-Ls Hh-”l -T-•l-̇ TÙ-” EPt-

Lp-Æ-Ÿm, Æ˚[-VÙh-”jß\‡m ˘T\ CV-XÙ-Up Es-[-]o.

B˚L-VÙp, R˚V ·ok-’ Fo Ud-L-∞u ˙Yi-”-˙LÙ-fid-°-QeL

˚URÙ-]m Jufl A˚Uj-’, Æ˚[-VÙP‹m T´t-£ ˘T\-‹m ER-‹-UÙ-fl

RÙr-̊ UŸPu ˙Yi-”-°-̇ \Ùm.

CPm : ¡]Ùh-£-◊-Wm. Ce-M-]m

SÙs : 09.09.2014. A. UÙR-Yu

˘N-V-Xo

Ud-Ls SX Uu-\m, ¡]Ùh-£-◊-Wm.

A˚Uf-N-⁄dœ J⁄ L•-Rm

YÙr-Æu J¸ı

23

G]d-œl ©•jR Æ˚[-VÙh”

E]dœl ©•jR Æ˚[-VÙh” G’? AkR Æ˚[-VÙh˚Pl Tt-±-Ÿm

Æ˚[-VÙ-”m Æß-ÿ-̊ \-L-̊ [l Tt-±-Ÿm G›-’-L.

R™rf ˘NÙt-Ls Li-”-©-•l-̇ TÙm

°¨d-̆ Lh-̇ PÙ” ˘RÙPo-◊-̊ PV ˘NÙt-L˚[d Li-”-©-•j’ G›-’e-Ls.

AYtfls Be-°Xf ˘NÙt-Lfidœ C˚Q-VÙ] R™rf ˘NÙt-L˚[Ÿm

G›’-e-Ls.

TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø-Ls, ˘TÙu-̆ UÙ-Ø-Ls ˙NL-̈ l-̇ TÙm

˙SÙVt\ YÙr˙Y œ˚\-Yt\ ˘Np-Ym. C’-˙TÙu\ SpYÙr‹

TZ˘UÙØLs, ˘TÙu-̆ UÙ-Ø-L˚[f ˙NL-̈ -Ÿe-Ls.

˙So-ÿL Y⁄-Q˚]

ø TÙoj’ W£jR J⁄ Æ˚[-VÙh” ÆZÙ˚Y ˙So-ÿL Y⁄Q-̊ ]-VÙL

Y⁄-¶j’ G›-’-L.

U⁄j-’Y ÿLÙm ˛ —Y-̆ WÙh•

Ee-Ls Ts-∞-́ p ̊ Yj’ S˚P-̆ T-flm Ko CX-YN U⁄j-’Y ÿLÙ-™tœf

—Y-̆ WÙh• Jufl RVÙ-̈ -Ÿe-Ls.

Æ˚[-VÙh” UXo

Æ˚[-VÙh” ≈Wo-L-∞u TPe-Ls, ̆ Nn-ß-Ls ̇ TÙu-\-Yt-̊ \j ßWh• J⁄

Æ˚[-VÙh” UXo RVÙ-̈ -Ÿe-Ls.

Æ˚[-VÙh”m ≈Wo-L-fim

£X Æ˚[-VÙh” ≈Wo-L∞u ̆ TVo-Ls ̆ LÙ”d-Ll-Th-”s-[-]. AYo-Ls

GkR Æ˚[-VÙh-̇ PÙ” ˘RÙPo-◊-̊ P-V-Yo-Ls Gufl G›-’e-Ls.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

24

U˙Lx ÈTß ˛

˙U¨ ˙LÙm ˛

I.-Gm. Æ_-Vu ˛

Ru-WÙw ©s˚[ ˛

NÙ≤VÙ ™oNÙ ˛

ÆWÙh ˙LÙ≠ ˛

Li-”-©-•j’ G›-’e-Ls

CkR Æ˚[-VÙh” ≈Wo VÙo? GkR Æ˚[-VÙh-”-Pu ̆ RÙPo-◊-̊ P-V-Yo?

AY-̊ Wl Tt-±V RL-Yp-L˚[f ˙NL-̈ -Ÿe-Ls.

SÙu Lt-fld-̆ LÙi-P˚Y

CkR AX-̊ Ld Lt-\-̇ TÙ’ SÙu ˘NnR ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls?

Gu-]Ùp Su-\Ù-Lf -̆ NnV ÿ•kR ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls, GR-]Ùp?

Ui-¶u UQmUi-¶u UQm

SÙh-”l-◊\ YZd-LÙ-fl-Ls R˚X-ÿ˚\ R˚X-ÿ-˚\-VÙLl

TÙPpLs, L˚RLs, TZ-˘UÙØLs, Æ”-L˚RLs Y•-Æp

YÙn˘UÙØVÙ-Ll TWl-Tl-Th-”-Y-⁄-°u-\-]. TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø-L-∞-¤m

Æ”-L-̊ R-L-∞-¤m YÙrÆVp Tt-±V ̇ T⁄i-̊ U-Ls ̆ TÙßk’

°Pd-°u-\-]. Uh-”-™u±, C˚Y U≤-R-≤u AL, ◊\ YÙrd˚L

Tt-±-Ÿm ˘R∞‹T”j-’-°u\]. C˚Y œ±j’ UÙQ-Yo-Ls

A±k’ ˘LÙs-fim Y˚L-´p SÙh-”l-◊\ YZd-LÙ-fl-Ls,

TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-Ls, Æ”-L-˚R-Ls Gu-‡m Íufl ’˚Qd-L-⁄j-

RXœLs Cq-Y-X-°p CPm-̆ T-fl-°u-\-].

2

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

26

E£-Xm-Th-•-́ -≠-⁄k-’ Yj-R-Xd-œi-” ̆ Np-¤m YØ-́ p C⁄d-°-\’

£e-LÙ-Wd-̇ LÙh˚P Gu\ Fo. YVp-̆ Y-∞-L-∞p UXok’ UQm ≈—m

Up≠˚L UXoLs Sm˚U YW-̇ Yt-°u-\-].

˘NØl-˙TÙ-” C⁄d-œm £e-LÙ-Wd-˙LÙh˚P Bfl R˚X ÿ-˚\dœ

ÿu◊ Cl-T-• Cp-̊ X. Y\h-£-Ÿm Tg-N-ÿm YÙh• Y˚RjR]. Al-

˙TÙ-’-RÙu Foj ̆ Rn-Ym ÿj-RÙ-Wm-U-‡dœ SÙPLm ̇ TÙh-PÙp U˚Z

UÙ¨ ˘Tn-Ÿm Gu˘\Ù⁄ ETÙ-Vj˚R VÙ˙WÙ ˘NÙu]ÙoLs.

R⁄-Uo SÙP-Ld L˚R˚V AYo-L˙[ G›ß-]Ùo-Ls. Ak-Rd LÙXj-ßp

˘Ti-Ls, A’-‹m °WÙ-Uj-’l ̆ Ti-Ls ̇ U˚P H± S•dL Y⁄Y’

NÙj-ß-V-™p˚X Gu-T-RÙp Bi-L˙[ ˘Ti ˙YPm Lh•]o.

◊’-ÿ-Vt£ Gu-T-RÙp UÙRd-L-Qd-°p Jj-ß˚L SPj-ß-]ÙoLs. "CkRl

Te-œ-≤d-œs[ SÙP-Lm ˙TÙh-PÙ-L-‘-Ul-TÙ', C[-—-L-fid-œl

˘T⁄—Ls ˘L” ˚Yj-RÙo-Ls.

Te-œ-≤-´p SÙP-Lj ß⁄-ÆZÙ AWe˙L±V’. ˘Nq-YÙnd-°-Z˚U

˘RÙPe-°V R⁄Uo SÙP-Lm Tj-’ SÙh-Ls SPk-R-’. Tj-RÙ-Y-’ SÙs

LÙ˚X Th-PÙ-©-̇ -̀Lm ÿ•-Ÿm ̇ SWj-ßp U˚Z ̆ Tn-’ LÙ”, LZ≤Ls

®˚\k-R-]. Fo UdLs U°rf£d LP≠p Ír°]o. SÙP-Lj-ßp S•jR-

Yo-L˚[ Gp-XÙm LP-‹-[Ù-Ld œm-©P BWm-©j-

RÙoLs.

R⁄-Uo SÙP-Lm ̇ TÙh-PÙp —j-’l-Th-•-́ X C⁄d-

°\ N]eL Yk-ß-⁄-YÙe-L. œZk˚R YWm, ̇ Y˚X,

LQ-Y-⁄d-œ EPm◊ ˘NÙL-UÙ-L‘m-‡ Jq-̆ YÙ-

⁄jR⁄ U]-—d-œs-[-Ÿm J⁄ ©WÙoj-R˚] C⁄d-

œm. R⁄-Uo LÙX-•-´X Èd-L-˚[l ˙TÙh-”h-”

˙Yi-”-R-̊ Xf ˘NÙp¤-YÙeL AY-⁄m ˚L´X

ÆÈ-ßV As∞d-œ”j-’ ø ˘S]f-— YkR LÙ -̈

Vm SpX-T-•VÙ SPd-œm ̇ TÙu-‡ ̨ YÙd-œ œ”l-

TÙ⁄. A’-T-•˙V SPk-’ C⁄d-œ. YÙd-œ T≠fN

YeL Ufl SÙP-Lj-’d-œd LhPÙVm Yk-’ YQe-

°h-”l ˙TÙYÙe-L. SÙPLm ÿ•k-R-’m ˙Y`m

SÙ” ˘NØd-̇ LÙ-‘m...

SÙh-”l◊\ Sm-©d-̊ L-Ls

27

Ui-¶u UQm

L˚Xd-LÙU Aj-R-˚]-˙T-⁄m

°WÙ-Uj-’d-œs[ Fo-Y-XUÙ Y⁄-

YÙeL. AlT AYe-Lfidœ

≈” RY-\ÙU A©-̇ -̀Lm ̆ Ng—

YØ-TÙ-” SPj-’-YÙeL. AYe-

L[l ˘TÙflj-R-Y˚W AkRj

R⁄U˙] ˙S¨p Yk-’ LÙh£

œ”d-œ-\RÙ Sm◊\Ùe-L.

Li-̇ Q-fl LØj-Rp

˙Tnd-Li-‘ ©NÙ-—d-Li-‘

SÙnd-Li-‘ S¨d-Li-‘

Yk-R-YeL Li-‘ ˙TÙ]-Ye Li-‘C⁄k-R-Ye Li-‘ Gh-•l-TÙolT-Ye Li-‘

RÙn Li-‘ RLl-Tu Li-‘

RÙn·Pl ©\kR UÙUu Li-‘Ak-ßd Li-‘ Nk-ßd Li-‘

Ai-Qe Li-‘ Rm© Li-‘

Gp-XÙd Li-‘m ˙TÙLh-”m˘RÙœl◊ ˛ LZ-≤-Î-Wu

˘Nj-’m ˘LÙ”j-RÙo ∫Rd-LÙß

∫Rd-LÙß ˘T⁄m Ys-[p. AYo Yk-R-Yo-L-fid-˘Lp-XÙm YÙ¨ YZe-œm U]m

T˚PjRYo. HWÙ-[-UÙ] ˘Np-Ym AY-̈ -Pm C⁄k-R-’. Gp-XÙ-Yt-̊ \-Ÿm Cp-XÙ-R-

Yo-L-fid˙L As-∞d ˘LÙ”j-RÙo. EUfll◊XYo Gu‡m ◊XY˚W BR¨j’

YkRÙo.

∫RdLÙß´u ˘LÙ˚Pjß\˚] A±kR J⁄-Yo CY-̈ -Pm T -̈— ˘T\XÙm Gu-fl

Yk-RÙo. YkR ©\-œ-RÙu ˘R¨k-R-’ Ys[p ˘T⁄UÙu C\k-’ ˙TÙ]- ˘Nnß.

YkRY¨u Y⁄j-R˙UÙ ˘NÙp-≠ ÿ•-V-Æp-̊ X.

AYo ∫Rd-LÙß Ys-[˚X APd-Lm ˘Nn-ß-⁄kR CPj-ßt-œm ˙TÙn A›R

LiΩ˙WÙ” ◊Xm-©-]Ùo. Gu] Bf-N-̈ -Vm! NUÙ-ßdœs-∞-⁄kR ∫Rd-LÙ-ß-́ u ̊ L

˘Y∞˙V øiP’. ÆW-≠p J⁄ ˙UÙß-Wm C⁄kR-’. AR-˚]l T¨— ˘T\-

YkRY¨Pm ˘LÙ”j-’ Æh” ¡i”m ˚L È™d-œs U˚\k-’ ˘LÙi-P-’.

C˚R A±k-’ A˚]-Y-⁄m ÆVk-R-]o. "˘Nj-’m ˘LÙ”j-RÙo ∫Rd-LÙß' Gu-fl

◊LrkRÙo-Ls. ©u-]o C’˙Y YZd-LÙ\Ù-́ tfl.

YÙ£d-L-XÙm; Li-”-©•d-L-XÙm

£e-LÙ-Wd˙LÙh˚P Ud-Ls SÙP-Lm ˙TÙh-P’ GRt-LÙL?

Li-̇ Qfl LØj-Rp Gu-\Ùp Gu]?

"˘Nj-’m ˘LÙ”j-RÙo ∫Rd-LÙß' Gufl ◊L-Zd LÙW-Qm Gu]?

L˚R G›-R-XÙm

˘Nj-’m ˘LÙ”j-RÙo ∫Rd-LÙß ˛ L˚R˚V YÙ£j-æo-Ls Ap-X-YÙ. A’-

˙TÙp ∏r-Y-⁄m TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø-dœ Ht-\-YÙfl L˚R G›-’e-Ls.

Bt-±p ˙TÙh-PÙ-¤m A[k’ ˙TÙ”

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

28

CkR U˚Z˚V Sm©

C⁄e-œ-̇ NÙ-[m SÙu Æ˚Rj-̇ Ru

Yk-R-U˚Z ˙TÙœ-ßp˙XÙ

Y⁄Q TL-YÙ-̇ ].

Yk-R-U˚Z ˙TÙœ-ßp˙XÙ

Uk-̊ R-VÙj-RÙs Li-TÙo.

A”j-R-U˚Z ˙TÙœ-ßp˙XÙ

An-V-]Ù˙W Li-TÙo.

Li-P-U˚Z ˙TÙœ-ßp˙XÙ

LÙ¶-VÙ[Ù Li-TÙo

˘NÙu-]-U˚Z ˙TÙœ-ßp˙XÙ

˙NÙ˚Q IVÙ Li-TÙo.

Uk-̊ R-́ ˙X UÙ -̈VÙ´

U˚X-̇ U˙X UÙV-Y˙W

Ck-ß-W˙W „ -̈V˙W

Cl-T-U˚Z ˘TnV ˙Y‘m.

U˚X-VÙ[ TL-Y-ß˙V

U]e-œ-∞okR ·j-R-]Ùf£

U˚Z˚V C\d-°-Æ-”

UÙ‡-PeL ˚L˘V-”d-L.

SÙh-”l-◊-\j ˘Rn-Ye-Ls

˘RÙœl◊˛ PÙd-Po —. Ni-ÿ-L-—k-R-Wm

28

29

Ui-¶u UQm

TÙPp-Ls ßWh-P-XÙm

SÙh-”l-◊\j ˘Rn-Ye-Ls TÙP˚X YÙ£j-æo -Ls Ap-XYÙ?

˘UhP˚Uj’l TÙ•l TÙ⁄e-Ls.

C˚R-l˙TÙX SÙh-”l-◊\l TÙPp-L˚[f ˙NL-̈ -Ÿe-Ls.

TÙPp-Ls G›-’e-Ls

˙ULm Gp-XÙm ·”’

™u-]p ™u≤ U˚\Ÿ’

....................................................................................................

....................................................................................................

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˘RÙPok’ TÙP˚X G›-’e-Ls.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

30

™Ll TZe-LÙX Ud-L-∞u Ti-TÙh-•-̊ ]f ̆ Nm-̊ U-VÙL A±Y-Rt-œd

°WÙ-Ul-◊\ Ud-L-∞u SÙÆp SP-UÙ-• Y⁄m TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø-L-fim SÙ˙PÙ-•d

L˚R-L-fim Æ”-L-˚R-L-fim ˘T¨’m ’˚Q◊¨Ÿm. Ti-˚Pd-LÙX

SÙL-¨-Le-L-∞u YW-XÙ-fl G›-’-Y-Rt-œ YW-XÙt-fll ˙TWÙ£¨Vo-Ls

TX-⁄d-œm TZ-̆ UÙØ TVu-Th-P˚U EXL±kR Ju-fl.

Tp-˙Y-fl Nÿ-RÙ-Ve-L-∞u YW-XÙt˚\ G›-R-‹m TZe-œ-• UdL∞u

˘RÙu-˚Ul Ti-TÙh˚P G”j-’-˚Wd-L-‹m ˙U˚X-SÙh-•-]od-œl

˘T -̈’m ER-Æ-V˚Y °WÙ-Ul◊\e-L-∞p YZe° YkR G›RÙ CXd-°-V-

UÙ-°V TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø-L˙[ Gu-fl ˘NÙp-X-‹m ˙R˚Y-́ p-̊ X.

˘Rn-Ym

Ti-˚Pd-LÙ-Xk-˘RÙh-˙P, Sm SÙh-•p LP-‹s Tdß CWjRjßp F±d

°Pd-°u-\-’. G]-˙Y-RÙu "Au˙T £Ym'. "AYu Cu± Ko

A‘-‹m A˚NVÙ’'. "Gp-XÙm AYu ˘NVp', "AYu ¡’ TÙWj-̊ Rl

˙TÙh-”- Æ-”' ˙TÙu\ TZ˘UÙØLs G›kR].

RÙn Rk˚R

Gp-XÙm YpX C˚\-Y-‡d-œ A”j-R-Yo RÙn Rk-̊ RVo. Au-̊ ]-Ÿm

©RÙ‹m ÿu-]± ˘Rn-Ym, RÙ´t £\kR˘RÙ⁄ ˙LÙ´-¤m Cp˚X,

Rk˚R ˘NÙp-™dL Uk-ß-W-ÿm Cp˚X Gu\ TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø-Ls ÍXm RÙn,

Rk-̊ R-VoL-fid-œd ˘LÙ”j-’ YkR ˘T⁄-̊ U-́ ˚] A±-V-XÙm.

Æ⁄k-’

Bp ˙TÙp R˚Zj-’ A⁄-œ-˙TÙp ˙YÏu±l TWk-’ Íe-°p

˙TÙp —t\m „Z YÙrk-R-]o. ‘Æ⁄k-ßXÙ EQ‹ U⁄k’’ Gu-fl

Æ⁄k-’ Ei-P-]o. ‘U⁄k˙R B´-‡m Æ⁄k-˙RÙ-” Ei,’‘Æ⁄k-ßp-XÙR ˙NÙfl U⁄k-’,’ Gufl Gi¶, YkR

Æ⁄k-ß]˚W Cu-ÿ-Lm LÙh-• ET-N-̈ l-T˙R R™-Zo-L-∞u R≤l

Ti-TÙPÙL Y[ok-R-’.

S˚Lf—˚Yl TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø-Ls

LPp Yt-±-d L⁄-YÙ-” ßu-]-XÙm Gu-fl EPp

Yt-±f ˘Nj-R-RÙm ˘LÙd-œ.

≈” Tt± G¨-°u-\-’. SpX ˙SWm TÙoj-’d

°Q-fl ˙RÙi-•j RiΩo ˘LÙi-”-YÙ, G¨-

°u\ ˘S⁄l˚T A˚Ql-̇ TÙm Gu-\Ù-]Ùm.

""˘TV˙WÙ ·k-Rp AZ°; R˚X˙VÙ ̆ UÙh˚P''

C˚Y ˙TÙu\ TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-Ls S˚Lf-—˚Y

EQo˚Y ˘Y∞l-T-”j-’-°u-\-].

SU’ Ti-TÙ-”

TZ˘UÙØLs EQoj’m TiTÙ”

30

31

Ui-¶u UQm

£k-R-̊ ]d œZk-̊ R-LsOÙ´t-fld-°-Z˚U Gu-\Ù˙X œZk-̊ R-L-fid-œ U°rf-£ RÙu. Au-fl °WÙ-Uj-’d

œZk-̊ R-Ls Aj-R˚] ˙T⁄m B£ -̈Vo A±-‹˚P Sm-©-́ u ≈h-•p ·•-Æ-”-

YÙo-Ls. —˚Y-VÙ] L˚R-L-̊ [-Ÿm TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø-L-̊ [-Ÿm ̇ Lh-” U°rYÙoLs. J⁄SÙs

AYoLs Æ”L˚RL˚[l Tt±d ˙LhL CXh-—-™-´u ≈h-•t-œl TV-Qm

˘NnR]o.

CXh-—-™-́ u AmUÙ TÙp L\k-’ ̆ LÙi-•-⁄k-RÙs. AlTÙ T⁄jßd ̆ LÙh˚P

A˚Wj’ G”j-’d ̆ LÙi•⁄kRÙo. Ai¶ ∫˚R Ru U•-́ p œZk-̊ R˚V ̊ Yj-’d

˘LÙg-£d ˘LÙi-•-⁄k-RÙs. CXh-—-™-Ÿm

AY⁄˚PV B£-̈ -V-⁄m Si-To-L-fim YÙN-≠p

EhLÙokß⁄k-R-]o.

CXh-—-™-́ u Rk˚R B£-̈ -V-̊ Wl TÙoj-’

“IVÙ SÙu J⁄ Æ”-L˚R ˙TÙ”-°-̇ \u. Tßp

˘NÙp-¤e-L.

H¶, H¶ ˙U˙X ˙LÙ¶

˙LÙ¶ ˙U˙X œZÙn

œZÙnd-œ ˙U˙X œu-fl

œu-fld-œ ˙U˙X ◊p-¤

◊p-¤d-œs Ik-RÙ-fl œh-•

A’ Gu-]?” Gu-\Ùo. B£-̈ -Vo “˘Ru-̊ ]-

U-Wm” Gufl ·±-]Ùo. EP˙] ·•-́ -⁄kR £fl-

Yo-Ls Gp-̇ XÙ-⁄m £¨j’ Æh-P-]o. CXh-—-™-

´u Al-TÙ-‹m “IVÙ øeL Rl-TÙpXÙ Tßp

˘NÙp≠ C⁄d-∏eL” Gu-\Ùo.

©u-]o CXh-—™ Ru Rk˚R˚V ˙SÙd°

“AlTÙ! SÙu Tßp ˘NÙp-Xh-”UÙ” Gu-\Ùs.

CXh-—-™-́ u Al-TÙ-‹m EP˙] “N¨ ˘NÙp”Gu-\Ùo. CXh—™ "EPp' Gu-fl Tßp ˘NÙu-

]Ùs. CXh-—-™-´u Rk˚R “m N¨VÙ Tßp

˘NÙp≠-Æh-PÙn” Gu-\Ùo. CkR Æ”-L-̊ R-́ p H¶ Gu\Ùp LÙp-Ls. ˙LÙ¶

Gu\Ùp EPm◊. œZÙn Gu-T-’ L›j-’. œu-fl Gu-T-’ R˚X. ◊p¤ Gu-T-’ ÿ•.

œh-• GuT’ ˙Tu-Ls Gu-T-RÙ-œm” Gu-\Ùo.

CXh-—-™-́ u Ai-Qu Bfl-ÿLm Ae-œ YkR TÙp-LÙW˚Wl TÙoj-’ “TÙp-

LÙ-W˙W ˘LÙg-Nm ˚Nd-°˚[ Æh” C\e° CWi-”, Í‘ Æ”-L-˚R-L-˚[l

˙TÙ”˙U” Gu-\Ùu. TÙpLÙ-Wo ARt-œ “˙TÙlTÙ Cl-Tm ARt-̆ Lp-XÙm ̇ SW-™p˚X

Cu-̆ ]Ù-⁄ SÙs ̆ NÙp˙\u” Gu-\Ùo. Rm© £YœUÙo AY˚W ÆP-Æp-̊ X. K•l-

˙TÙnd ˚LL˚[l ©•j’d ·h•d˘LÙi” Yk-RÙu. AYo,

“˘NdLf ˘NYk-ß-⁄d-œ

˘Nq-YÙ˚Z Èj-ß-⁄d-œ

YÙp ÿ˚[f-£-⁄d-œ

Yk-ß-⁄d-œ Nk-̊ Rd-œ

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

32

TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø-L˚[ G›-’e-Ls

˘Tt-˙\ÙoL∞u ˘T⁄˚U ·flm TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-L˚[d Li-”-©-•j’

G›’eLs.

Æ”-L-̊ R-L˚[ G›-’e-Ls

TÙp-LÙ-Wo ·±-V Æ”-L-̊ R-L˚[ G›-’e-Ls.

˙NL-̈ l-̇ TÙm

Ee-L-fidœj ˘R¨kR Æ”-L˚RL˚[f ˙NL-̈ -Ÿe-Ls. œ›-YÙLl ©¨k’

Æ”-L-̊ Rl ˙TÙh• SPj-’e-Ls.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

A’ Gu] ˘NÙp-¤˙P Bfl-ÿ-Lm” Gu-\Ùo. EP˙] “™[-LÙn-Yt-\p” G]l

Tßp ·±-]Ùu BflÿLm. “Gu]lTÙ C’ ÿRp Æ”-L-̊ Rd˙L PÙm, PÙmu-‡

Tßp Y⁄-’ Gp-XÙj-̊ R-Ÿm ˘NÙp≠ Æ”-YÙu ˙TÙ≠⁄d˙L” Gu\Ùo TÙp-LÙ-Wo.

¡i-”m TÙp-LÙ-Wo “N -̈VlTÙ CkR Æ”-L-̊ Rd-œl Tßp ˘NÙp-¤ TÙod-L-XÙm

Gu-fl,

Rh-”d-œ ˙U˙X Rh-”-Yf£

RÙU-̊ WlÈ ˘UÙh-” Yf£

Ce-°-ƒx G›j-’ G›ß

CkRd L˚R AØl-TÙ-⁄d-œ

Gh-” ˘Lh-” ˘Yj-RX

G˚Pd-œ G˚P TÙd-œ

A’ Gu]” Gu-\Ùo. £Y-œ-UÙo, “◊j-R-Lm, Pm-[o, UÙ•-≈”” Gu-fl ·±-]Ùu.

EP˙] TÙp-LÙ-Wo “Cp-̊ X, Cp˚X, Tßp ˘R -̈VÙ-Æh-PÙp ˘R -̈V-Æp˚X G]f

˘NÙp” Gu-\Ùo. A˚]-Y-⁄m Re-L-fid-œ Æ˚P ̆ R -̈V-Æp˚X G] Jj-’d ̆ LÙi-

P-]o. EP˙] TÙp-LÙ-Wo “L•-LÙ-Wm” G] Æ˚P-̊ Vd ·±-Æh” “AlTÙ! SpX

˙Y˚[ J⁄Y⁄d-œm Tßp ˘R -̈V-Æp˚X” Gu-fl £¨j-RÙo.

£±-’ ˙SWm ˘Nu\ ©u CXh-—-™-́ u Ai¶ ∫˚R,

“A˚Wd ∏˚W £fl-TÙjß

AZ-œi-” UQ-™p˚X

A’ Gu-]? Æ˚P-̊ Vf ˘NÙp-¤m TÙp-LÙ-W˙W” Gu\Ùs. VÙ⁄m Tßp ˘NÙp-

XÙ-R-T-•-VÙp ∫˚R˙V ◊ß⁄dLÙ] Æ˚P-̊ Vj “RÙ≠” G]d ·±-]Ùs.

©u◊ TÙp-LÙ-Wo, “N¨lTÙ øeL Gp-̇ XÙ-⁄m C⁄eL SÙu ˙TÙ´h-” YÙ˙Wu”G]d ·±d ˘LÙi˙P ˚Nd-°-∞p H±f ˘Nufl Æh-PÙo. B£-̈ -V-⁄m œZk-̊ R-L-

fim TX Æ”-L-̊ R-L-̊ [j ˘R¨k-’ ˘LÙiP U°rf-£-́ p ©¨k-’ ˘Nu-\-]o.

33

Ui-¶u UQm

Jq-˘YÙ-⁄ TZ-˘UÙ-Ø-Ÿm Smÿ-˚PV YÙrd-˚L-˚Vf ∫WÙd-°d ˘LÙs-[˙Y

G”j-’-˚Wd-Ll-Th-P-’. Aq-Y-˚L-´p J⁄ TZ-˘UÙØ ˘NÙp-¤m

L⁄j-ß˚] Ce-œd LÙQ-XÙm.

"£p-X-̊ \d LPu ∫W-Ød-œm'

Gu-T-’ TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø.˘TÙ’-YÙ-L˙Y LPu YÙe-LÙ-U-̇ X˙V LÙXm LØl-T-’ Sp-X-’ Gu-fl ˘T -̈V-

Yo-Ls ˘NÙp-YÙo-Ls. B]Ùp Cd-LÙXjßp Æ˚X-YÙ£ Ht-\j-ßu LÙW-Q-UÙ-L-‹m

Ut-\-Yo-Ls YÙr-Y-̊ Rl ˙TÙp SÙÿm YÙZ-̇ Yi-”m Gu\ B˚N LÙWQ-UÙ-L-

‹m LPu YÙe-L-̇ Yi-•V LhPÙVm Ht-T-”-°\’. ÿu-̆ Tp-XÙm LPu YÙe-°-V-

Yo-Ls Gl-T-•j ß⁄m-Td ˘LÙ”d-Ll ˙TÙ°-̇ \Ù˙UÙ Gu-fl LY-̊ Xl-T-”-YÙo-Ls.

B]Ùp Cl-̆ TÙ-›˙RÙ LPu ˘LÙ”jRYo-Ls Y„p BL-Æp-̊ X˙V Gu-fl LY-

˚Xl-T-”-°-\Ùo-Ls. Ck-Rd LÙXj-ßp NÙRÙ-WQ U≤-R-¨-≠-⁄k-’ YNßVÙL

YÙrTYoLs ·P LPu-YÙe-Lj ˘RÙPe°ÆhP]o. ≈”-LhP, YÙL-]m YÙeL,

T•l-◊d-œ Gu-̆ \p-XÙm Ye-°-L-fim LPu ˘LÙ”dLj ˘RÙPe°-Æh-P-]. LPu

˘LÙ”l-T-̊ Rj ß⁄-Æ-ZÙ-̇ TÙX "˙XÙu ˙U[Ù' Gu-fl ˘LÙi-PÙ-”-°-\Ùo-Ls.

Cl-T-• YÙe-œm LPu-L∞p £p-X-̊ \d LPu-L-[Ùp ̆ RÙp-̊ X-Ls Aß-L-̈ d-œm

Gu\ L⁄j-ßp RÙu "£p-X-̊ \d LPu ∫W-Ød-œm' Gu\ TZ-̆ UÙØ E⁄-YÙ-]-’. ARÙ-

Y-’ £fl-£-fl ˘RÙ˚L-VÙLl TX-̈ -P-ÿm LPu YÙe-°f Ne-°≠j ˘RÙPo-̇ TÙX Y[oj-

’d ˘LÙi-PÙp ®m-Uß °˚Pd-LÙ-’. J⁄-£-Xo A”jR ≈h-•p, Td-Lj-’ ≈h-•p,

Gßo ≈h-•p Gu-fl £fl-£-fl ̆ RÙ˚L-̊ Vd LPu YÙe-°-́ -⁄l-To. ̆ Y∞˙V ̆ Np-¤m

˙TÙ˘Rp-XÙm AYo-Ls TQj˚R Gl-̆ TÙ-›-’ R⁄°-»o-Ls Gu-fl ˙Lh-”d-̆ LÙi-”

C⁄l-TÙo-Ls. CR-]Ùp U˚\k-’ J∞k-’ ˘NpX ˙Yi-•V ®˚X HtT”m.

J⁄ £Xo J⁄ LP˚] A˚PdL Ut-̆ \Ù-⁄ LP˚] YÙeœ-Yo. ©\-œ Ak-Rd

LP-̊ ]j æodL ˙Y˘\Ù-⁄ LP˚] YÙe-œ-Yo. Cl-T-•j ˘RÙPok-’ LPu —˚U

·•d ˘LÙi˙P ˘Np-Xf ˘NpX U] A˚Uß œ˚\-Ÿ-Up-X-YÙ? G]˙Y RÙu

C’-̇ TÙu\ TZ-̆ UÙ-Ø-Ls ˙RÙu-±-].

CR-Vm ˘RÙhP TZ-̆ UÙØ

Æ”-L-̊ Rj ’‘d-œ-Ls

Ge-L-̊ [-Ÿm Ge-Ls A[-‹m

Ge-L-∞u TÙß-Ÿm ARuTÙß-Ÿm

Ju-flm ˙Nok-RÙp

˘UÙj-Rm SÙe-Ls Gj-R˚] ˙To?

ÿu-]Ù˙X ˙TÙ°\ B˚]d-œl

©u-]Ù˙X CWi-” B˚]

©u-]Ù˙X ˙TÙ°\ B˚]d-œ

ÿu-]Ù˙X CWi-” B˚]

˘UÙj-Rm Gj-R˚] B˚]

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

34

SÙu Lt-fld-̆ LÙi-P˚Y

CkR AX-̊ Ld Lt-\-̇ TÙ’ SÙu ˘NnR ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls.

Gu-]Ùp Su-\Ù-Lf -̆ NnV ÿ•kR ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls, GR-]Ùp?

L˚X ®Lrf£ SPj-R-XÙm

SÙh-”l-◊\l TÙPp-Ls, L˚R-Ls, SÙh-”l-◊\ Sm-©d-̊ L-Ls ˙TÙu-\-Yt-

˚\j ßWh• -SÙh”l◊\ UXo RVÙ¨ŸeLs.

SÙh-”l-◊\ Sm-©d-̊ L-Ls

Li-̇ Qfl LØj-Rp Gu-T’ J⁄ SÙh-”l-◊\ Sm-©-d˚L. C’-̇ TÙX EeLs

Tœ-ß-́ p Es[ Sm-©d-̊ L-L˚[j ˘RÙœj’ G›-’e-Ls.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

Æ”-L-̊ Rl TÙPp-Ls

Tf˚Nl Tf˚N Gu-fl C⁄d-œm TÙLt-LÙ-Ÿm Ap-X.

Td-L-̆ Up-XÙm ÿs-∞-⁄d-œm TXÙd-LÙ-Ÿm ApX

E⁄d-°-]Ùp ˘Sn Y•-Ÿm ˘Yi-̆ Q-Ÿm ApX

Es˙[ ˘Yfij-ß-⁄d-œm ˙Re-LÙ-Ÿm ApX ˛ A’ Gu-]?

ÿs-fi ÿs-fid-œs˙[ ÿk-ß-̈ j ˙RÙl-◊d-œs˙[

˚Yd-̇ LÙp ˙TÙ⁄d-œs˙[ UÙ¶d-Lm Li-̆ P-”j-̇ Ru ˛ A’ Gu-]?

A•-̇ Up A• A•j-’m AN-WÙR £u]l ˚TVu

œ±-̊ YjR CPm-TÙoj-’j Rl-TÙ-Up ˙Nok-ß-”-YÙu ˛ AYu VÙo?

Es-[e-̊ L-́ pEXLm

Es-[e-̊ L-́ pEXLm

EXL A[Æp A±ÆV≠u ATÙWUÙ] Y[of£ RLYp

˘RÙØp ÷hTj’˚\´¤m ÿd°Vl TeL∞l˚T A∞j

’s[’. ◊ßV ◊ßV Li”©•l◊dLs, NÙR˚]Ls CYt±u

◊¨R¤dœm TVuTÙh•tœm C˚Y œ±jRj ˘R∞Rp

˙R˚YVÙœm.

RLYp ˘RÙØp÷hTjßu EVokR ®˚XVÙ] C˚QVR[m,

™u]gNp, Y˚XR[m ̇ TÙu\Yt±u Li”©•l◊L˚[Ÿm

A˚Y EX°tœ A∞dœm Su˚UL˚[Ÿm Tt± A±kßP‹m

Suœ TVuT”jßP‹m ˙R˚YVÙ] RLYpL˚[ Sm RÙn

˘UÙØ´˙X˙V UÙQYoLs ̆ T\ CqYXœ YÙnlT∞d°\’.

3

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

36

Æi-̊ Qj ˘RÙ”m Æk˚R

R™-›m C˚Q-V-ÿm

C˚QVm Gu‡m

Y•Yjßtœ

ÆjßhPYo _Ùu

TÙvPp Gu‡m

A˘U¨dLo BYÙo.

EXLm ˙YLUÙL ÿu˙]±d

˘LÙi•⁄d°\’. Cufl EXL˙U

ÆWp ÷≤dœs Yk’ ÆhP’ Gu˙\

·\XÙm. CRtœ ÿd°Vd LÙW¶

C˚QVm Gu°\ CiPo˘Sh RÙu.

TX CPeL∞p Es[ L¶≤L˚[f

˘NVt˚Ld˙LÙs ÍXm C˚Ql T˙R

C˚QVm (CiPo˘Sh) Bœm. J⁄

£Xkß´u Y˚X ˙TÙp EX°u TX TÙLeL˚[

C˚QlTRÙp CR˚] Y˚XR[m (˘Yl˚Nh) ApX’

Y˚Xl©u]p Gufl A˚Zd°\ÙoLs.

J⁄ œ±l©hP ™u ÿLY¨˚Vj RhPf— ˘Nn’ SUdœj

˙R˚YVÙ] Y˚XjR[jßtœf ˘Nufl RLYpL˚[f

˙NL¨dL CV¤m. Cßp URo˙TÙo”, aÙo” •vd,

˙YLj˚R AßL¨dœm ˙WÙm, ˘NoYo ˙TÙu\˚Y

CVd°L[ÙL C⁄k’ CVeœ°u\]. A˘U¨dLÙÆp XÙv

HgNpv SL¨p 1969 Cp 500 dœm ˙UtThP L¶≤Ls

C˚QdLlTh”f ˘NVpT”jRlThP]. ˘NVt˚Ld

˙LÙ∞≠⁄k’ RLYpLs ÿR≠p R˚X˚Ud L¶l

˘TÙ±dœf ̆ Np¤m. ©u]o R˚X˚Ud L¶l˘TÙ±VÙ]’

AR‡Pu C˚QdLlThP Ut\d L¶l˘TÙ±Lfidœ

AjRLYpL˚[ A‡l◊°\’.

˘UÙØ, CXd°Vm, A±ÆVp, L¶Rm, Bu¡Lm,

Æ˚[VÙh”, AW£Vp, ̆ Nnß , SÙh•Vm, ̆ TÙ›-’-̇ TÙdœ,

AWNÙeLm, U⁄j’Ym, ˘RÙØp÷hTm, C˚N G]l TX

©¨‹L∞p ˘Nufl —XTUÙLj ˙R• Gl˙TÙ’ ˙Yi”UÙ

]Ù¤m (24 U¶˙SWÿm) C˚Yœ±jR ˘NVßL˚[

˙R˚YVÙ]˚R TÙo˚Y´PXÙm; G”j’d ˘LÙs[XÙm.

C˚QVjßp ÿLY¨, ™u]gNp (C- -˛˘U´p) ˙R•

GkßWm(Nof Gg£u), E˚WVÙPp(NÙh), CXYN ˘Uu

˘TÙ⁄hLs (l√ NÙlh˙Yov) G]l Tp˙Yfl ·flLs

Es[].

R™r Y[of£dœd L¶≤, C˚QVj ˘RÙØp ÷hTm

B°V CWi”m ˘T¨’m TVuT”°u\].

37

Es-[e-˚L-´p EXLm

B£V A[Æp Be°Xjßtœ A”jRT•VÙLj

R™›d˙L AßLUÙ] C˚QV A˚Ul◊Ls

Es[]. R™Øp —UÙo 750 C˚QV A˚Ul◊Lfim

—UÙo 50 CXhNm TdLeLfim Es[]. CR˚]j

R™Øp T•lTRtLÙL AÿRm, U´˚X, ÈTÙ[m,

ÿW— B°V ˘Uu˘TÙ⁄hLfim C˚QVm

ÍXUÙL˙Y °˚Pd°u\]. C˚QVm YkR ©\œRÙu

R™rj RLYpLs LPp LPkR SÙ”Lfidœ

EP‡dœPu TWÆ]. Cufl C˚QVm EX˚L J⁄

£tÒWÙd° ÆhP’.

G›j’⁄f £dLp Utflm RhPf—f £dLp ˘RÙPdL

LÙXjßp C⁄kR]. CR]Ùp TX R™r ˘Uu˘TÙ⁄sLs

EXLm ÿ›Y’m Es[ R™ZoL[Ù¤m R™r

BoYXoL[Ù¤m E⁄YÙdLlThP].

R™rl T˚Pl◊L˚[Ÿm T˚PlTÙ∞L˚[Ÿm EXL

A[Æp A±ÿLlT”j’Yßp Y˚XlÈdLs ˘T⁄m

TeLÙtfl°u\]. ˘NnßL˚[Ÿm Y˚XlÈdLs

R⁄°u\]. ˙U¤m TPeLs, KÆVeLs, LÙ˘QÙ≠Ls,

J≠lTß‹Ls G]l TX Y•Æp R™rf ˘NnßLs

°˚Pd°u\]. R™rl T˚Pl◊dL∞u YÙNLo R[ÿm

ƨY˚PkR’.

R™rf ˘NÙtL˚[ ALW Y¨˚N´p R⁄m YiQm

˘Uu˘TÙ⁄hLs C˚QVjßp °˚Pd°u\]. R™r

C˚QVj˚R Y[oj˘R”dLl TX UÙSÙ”Ls,

L⁄jRWeœLs, T´XWeœLs, Y˚XlTßYo Nkßl◊Ls

SPjRlThP]. ‘EjRUm’ Gu\ A˚Ul◊, R™rd L¶≤

C˚QVj ˘RÙØp÷hTj’dLÙL EX˘Leœm E⁄YÙdLl

Th”s[’.

""U’˚Wj ßhPm'' Gu‡m R[m A¨V 353 R™r ËpL˚[

CXYNUÙLl TVuT”jR YØ ˘Nn’s[’. R™r UW◊f

˘NpYeL˚[ ˘Yq˙Yfl Y•YeL∞p R⁄m YiQm

TX C˚QV R[eLs R™rf ˘NnßL˚[j ßWh•l

TÙ’LÙj’ Y⁄°u\]. AYtfls ""R™r UW◊

A\dLhP˚['' Gu\ R[m œ±l©Pj RdL

Ju\Ùœm. A¨V ËpLs, K˚Xf—Y•Ls, TPeLs,

J≠lTß‹Ls G]j R™Øp UW◊f˘NpYeL˚[

AjR[m ˘LÙi”s[’.

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

38

C˚QVjßu YÙ´XÙL, J⁄Y⁄dœ HtT”m IVeLs,

£dLpLs, ˙R˚YLs, YØLÙh”RpLs ˙TÙu\Yt±tLÙ]

æo‹L˚[l ˘T\ CV¤m. æo‹L˚[l ˘T\ ™u]gNp

ÿLY¨ ER‹°\’. ≈h•≠⁄kRT•˙V ˙S⁄dœ ˙So

˘RÙPo◊ ˘LÙi” Ltœm YÙnl◊m Es-[-’.

˘UÙØ´u A•lT˚Pj ß\uL[Ù] ˙LhPp, ˙T—Rp,

T•jRp, G›’Rp G]j ̆ RÙPe° EVo®˚Xj ß\uL[Ù]

L˚R, Lh”˚W, LÆ˚R, TÙPp, L•Rm, —⁄d° Y˚WRp,

ƨj˘R›’Rp, œ±l˘T”jRp, ALWÙß ˙RPp G]

A˚]j˚RŸm C˚QVjßu YÙ´XÙL A±-V-XÙm.

C˚QV Y[of£VÙp R™r ˘UÙØ˘TVol◊ ◊ßV ˙YLm

˘Ttfls[’. R™rd LpÆ˚V G∞˚UlT”jß YZeœm

Y˚L´p TX C˚QV R[eLs Es[].

Cu˚\V A˚]j’ ®Lr‹L˚[Ÿm EXL A[Æp

EP‡dœPu T¨UÙ±d˘LÙsfim C˚QVjßtœ

D”˘LÙ”j’s[ R™r Y[of£ Y⁄eLÙXjßp Cu‡m

Æ˚WYÙL C⁄dœm.

YÙ£-Ÿe-Ls; Li-”-©-•-Ÿe-Ls

£X R™r ˘Uu-̆ TÙ-⁄h-L-∞u ˘TVoL˚[ G›-’e-Ls.

TÙPl-T-œ-ß-´-≠-⁄k’ C˚Q-Vm œ±jR ˘NÙt-L˚[d Li-”-©-•j’

G›’e-Ls, R™rl T”j-’e-Ls.

‘Ej-R-Um’ Gu\ A˚Ul-◊l Tt±d œ±l◊ G›-’e-Ls.

øe-L-fim Y˚X-R-[j-ßp

Ee-Ls L¶≤ B-£-¨-V-⁄-˚PV ER-Æ-Ÿ-Pu Ee-Ls T˚Pl-◊-L˚[

C˚Q-V-R-[j-ßp ˘Y∞-́ -”e-Ls.

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

39

Es-[e-˚L-´p EXLm

TWk’ ƨkR EXLj˚Rl

TÙdœl ˘Th•´p A˚PjRÙt˙TÙp;

CuPo˘Sh•p Cq‹XLm

C≤RÙn A±˚Yj ˙R”eLs!

˘Nu˚] ˘Nufl Y⁄Y˚Rl˙TÙp

˘NqYÙnd °WLm ˘NuflY⁄m;

AßNVm ®LrjRd LÙjß⁄dœm

A±ÆVp At◊Rm SÙ”eLs!

LÙtflm ø⁄m UÙN˚Pk’

L⁄L C⁄kR EXLj˚R;

—tflf „Zp ÆgOÙ]m

—LUÙn A˚UjR’ TÙ⁄eLs!

GiQm ÿ›Y’m T•l©≤˙X

Ht\ Y˚L´p ˘N¤jßVRÙp;

A°Xm ˙TÙtflm NÙR˚]Ls

Bu˙\Ùo ®Lrjßd LÙh”°\Ùo!

£k˚R ÿ›dLd LpÆ˘V]

£\lTÙnl T•j’ EV⁄eLs

YiQm ™dL È˚Yl˙TÙp

YÙr‹ UX⁄m TÙ⁄eLs!

--̨ ÿ. SPWÙNu, Æp≠VÚo.

A±ÆVp At◊Rm

Æi-̆ Y-∞f ˘Nn-ß-Ls

Tj-ß-̈ -̊ L-L-∞p C⁄k’ Æi-̆ Y-∞j ˘RÙPo-TÙ]

˘Nn-ß-Ls, TPe-Ls ̇ NL-̈ -Ÿe-Ls. Æi-̆ Y∞ UXo

˘Y∞-´-”e-Ls.

TÙP˚X C˚N-Ÿ-Pu TÙ• U°-›e-Ls

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

39

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

40

˘_o≥ T—, ˘NmU± B” CiPo˘Sh•p ÆtT˚]

◊’˘Pp≠ :-̨ B” UÙ”L˚[ YÙeL TX °.¡ ˘RÙ˚XÆp

Es[ Nk˚RdœjRÙu ˘NpX ˙Yi”UÙ Gu]? ≈h•p

C⁄kRT•˙V Geœf £\kR C] B”UÙ”Ls °˚Pd

°u\] Gufl ˙Rok˘R”j’ YÙeœm YNß C˚QV

R[jßp Yk’ÆhP’.

£±’ L•]UÙ] ·¨V ˘LÙm◊L˚[d ˘LÙiP ÿoWÙ

G⁄˚U Ï.80 B´Wm. aÙpv•u ©¨£Vu WLj˚Rf

˙NokR 10 T—dLs ˘LÙiP Uk˚R 6 CXhNm. C’˙TÙu\

Æ[mTWeLs Cl˙TÙ’ CkßV C˚QVR[eL∞p

NoYNÙRÙWQUÙ°ÆhP].

CkßVÙÆu £±V SLWeL∞p·P CuPo˘Sh F”⁄Æ

Ÿs[’. CR]Ùp ̆ Np˙TÙu, LÙo, ̇ UÙhPÙo ̊ Nd°s, ≈h”

U˚]Ls ÆtT’ Uh”UpXÙUp T—, G⁄˚U UÙ”Lfim

·P C˚QVR[eLs ÍXm ÆtLlT”°u\]. ”Æh-Po,

KGpGdv, B°V C˚QVR[eLs £fl SLWeLs,

°WÙUeL∞≠⁄k’ Cl˙TÙ’ AßL Æ[mTW YÙnl◊

L˚[l ̆ Ttfl Y⁄°u\]. œ±lTÙLj R™rSÙ”, LoSÙPLm,

ULÙWÙx•WÙ, ˙Utœ YeLÙ[m, J•`Ù, ANÙm, EjRWl

©W˙RNm B°V UÙ®XeL∞p UdLs CuPo˘Sh ÍXm

˘TÙ⁄hL˚[ YÙeL‹m, ÆtL‹m ˘RÙPe°ÆhP]o.

BT˙W`u ˘NnŸm ˙WÙ˙TÙ

˙WÙ˙TÙ G]lT”m GkßW U≤Ru Tp˙Yfl ÿd°Vj

’˚\L∞p TVuT”jRlTh” Y⁄°u\’. BTj’ ®˚\kR

CWNÙV]j ˘RÙØtNÙ˚XLs Utflm LÙoLs RVÙ¨l◊

˙TÙu\ ’˚\L∞p GkßW U≤RoLs AßL A[Æp ET

˙VÙLlT”°u\]o. LPkR £X Bi”L[ÙL U⁄j’Yj

’˚\´p, œ±lTÙL Afl˚Yf £°f˚N ˘NnŸm T¶L∞p

˙WÙ˙TÙdLs TVuT”jRlT”Y’ œ±j’ æÆWUÙ]

Bn‹Ls SPk’ Y⁄°u\]. Í˚[ Utflm CRVm ̇ TÙu\

C˚QVR[ Bf-N-̈ -VeLs

U‹v °∞d°p YÙeLXÙm

41

Es-[e-˚L-´p EXLm

™L ÿd°VUÙ] EPp Efll◊L˚[ Afl˚Y £°f˚Nf

˘NnŸm T¶L∞p ˙WÙ˙TÙdLs TVuT”jRlT”°u\]

CRu Ut˘\Ù⁄ £\l◊ AmNm Gu] ˘R¨ŸUÙ? TX

B´Wm ˚UpLs ˘RÙ˚XÆp C⁄k’·P CkR

˙WÙ˙TÙ˚Y CuPo˘Sh ÍXm CVd° PÙdPoLs

BT˙W`u ˘NnVXÙm.

CuPo˘Sh ÍXm CVeLd ·•V SPUÙ”m ̇ WÙ˙TÙ

PÙdP˚W E⁄YÙdœY’ ˘RÙPoTÙ] Bn‹L˚[

A˘U¨dL WÙ‘Yj’dLÙ] YÙμePu TpL˚Xd

LZLm Utflm T˙VÙ ˙WÙ˙TÙ•d ˙Xl B°V˚Y

E⁄YÙd° Y⁄°u\]. —UÙo 50 °˙XÙ G˚P

˘LÙiP CkR ˙WÙ˙TÙ PÙdP˚W GkR CPjßtœm

G∞ßp G”j’f ˘NpXXÙm. ˙U¤m KW[‹

˘RÙØp÷hT A±‹ Es[YoLs·P CRu TÙLeL˚[

J⁄ £X ®™PeL∞p ˘TÙ⁄jß ÆP ÿ•Ÿm. ŸjRd

L[eLs, Æi˘Y∞ ®˚XVeLs Ut-flm LP¤dœ

A•´¤m CkR ˙WÙ˙TÙ˚Yl TVuT”jR ÿ•Ÿm.

W≈u Gufl ˘TV¨PlTh”s[ CkR ˙WÙ˙TÙ

˘RÙPoTÙ] Bn‹lT¶Ls SPk’ ÿ•k’ÆhP].

CkR Bn‹Ls A˚]j’m ˘Yt±LWUÙL ÿ•k’

ÆhPÙp AYNWUÙ] £dLXÙ] BT˙W`uL˚[Ÿm ·P

GkR CPjߤm ˘NnV ÿ•Ÿm Gu\ ®˚X HtT”m.

˙U¤m Afl˚Yf £°f˚N ®◊QoLs Geœ C⁄kRÙ¤m

CuPo ̆ Sh ERÆŸPu BT˙W`u ̆ NnV ÿ•Ÿm Gu\

®˚XŸm Yk’Æ”m.

˙Tv◊d E⁄YÙ] L˚R

aÙoYÙo” TpL˚XdLZLjßp T•j’d ˘LÙi•⁄kR

UÙQYo UÙod ^¯dLo˘Tod GuTYWÙp 2004˛Cp

Rt˘NVXÙL E⁄YÙdLlThP’RÙu CkR ˙Tv◊d. Aeœ

T´¤m UÙQYoLs, ˙Y˚X ˘NnŸm B£¨VoLs

˘RÙPoTÙ] ÆYWeLs Af£PlThP ◊jRLm Ju˚\

UÙQYoLfidœ AkRl TpL˚XdLZL ®oYÙLm ̆ LÙ”j’

YkR’. AkRl ◊jRLj˚R UÙQYoLs "˙Tv◊d' Gufl

œ±l©”Y’ YZdLm. CkR I•VÙ˚Yj RÙu ^¯dLo

˘Tod G”j’d ̆ LÙiPÙo. 13 YV’dœm ̇ UtThP GY⁄m

Cßp Efll©]WÙL ÿ•Ÿm. AYoLfidœ J⁄ ™u]gNp

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

42

ÿLY¨ Uh”m C⁄kRÙp ̇ TÙ’m. 3 Y⁄Pjßtœ

ÿu◊ Y˚W CkR C˚QVR[m ◊˚Ll TPe

L˚[f ˙N™j’ ˚YlTRtœm AYt˚\j

˘RÙ˚XÆp Es[ SiToLs, E\Æ]oLs

LÙiTRtLÙL‹m Uh”˙U TVu T”jRlTh”

YkR’. B]Ùp Cu˚\V „Z≠p ˙Tv◊d

˘TÙ⁄hL˚[ Æ[mTWlT”jR‹m £X ˙N˚Y

C˚QVR[eLfidœ YÙNLoL˚[d ˘LÙi”

˘NpX‹m TX RWlThP œ›dLfiPu

ÆYÙßdL‹m TVuTh” Y⁄°\’.

˙U¤m ˙Tv◊d GuT’ Tp˙Yfl ®Lr‹Ls

œ±jR A±Æl˚T ˘Y∞´P‹m RÙeLs T•jR

SpX TX Lh”˚WL˚[l ©\ SiToL∞u TÙo˚YdLÙLl

˙TÙ”YRtœm TVuT”°\’. ˙Tv◊d°p SiToL[ÙL

C⁄lTYoLs Cl˙TÙ’ H˙R‡m K¨Pjßp ·•d

œ±l©hP ©WfN˚]Ls Tt± ÆYÙßd°\ÙoLs. CjR˚LV

Nkßl◊Ls C[m ˘RÙØp ÿ˚]˙YÙ⁄dœl ◊ßV

YÙnl◊L˚[ HtT”jßj R⁄°u\].

˙Tv◊d ˙TÙu\ R[eL[Ùp Su˚ULs Uh”Uu±

æeœLfim Ei” GuT˚R UfllTRt°p˚X. ˙Tv◊d°p

SÙm T°ok’˘LÙs°\ ÆYWeL˚[ VÙo VÙo TÙodLXÙm

G] SÙ˙U Y˚WVflj’d ˘LÙs[ ÿ•Ÿm. Smÿ˚PV

R≤˚U TÙ’LÙdLlT”°\’. G≤‡m SÙm Aßp ˘Y∞l

T”j’°\ ÆYWeL˚[ Ut\YoLs RY\ÙLl TVuT”j

R‹m YÙnl©⁄d°\’.

YÙ£-Ÿe-Ls; Li-”-©-•-Ÿe-Ls.

Æ[m-T-We-Ls ˘Y∞-́ -”m £X C˚Q-V-R-[e-Ls

..................................., ..................................., ...................................

˙WÙ˙TÙ PÙd-P˚W E⁄-YÙd-œm ˙Xl.

.....................................................................................................................

W≈u Gu\ ˙WÙ˙TÙ-Æu £\l-◊.

..................................., ..................................., ...................................

˙Tv-◊d˚L E⁄-YÙd-°-V-Yo.

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˘NVpTÙ”Ls

43

Es-[e-˚L-´p EXLm

CkßV A±ÆVXÙ[oLs

Æi˘Y∞ CV≠u Rk˚R

RÙu Æ⁄m-©-V-T-•˙V 1937-̨ m Bi-•p Ce°

XÙk’ ˘Nufl Aeœ ˙Lm-©-¨hw TpL˚Xd

LZLj-˚Rf ˙NokR ◊≤R _Ùu Lp̨´p

˙Nok’ U]-’d-œl ©•jR A±-Æ-Vp ’˚\˚Vj

˙Rok-̆ R”j-’l T•j-RÙo AkR C[m UÙQ-Yo.

Ru‡˚PV Lp-Ì-̈ l T•l-©u J⁄ Tœ-ß-VÙ-L,

“LÙv-™d” G]l-T-”m “A°-X”d LßoL˚[l

Tt±V Bn-Æp D”-T-Pj ˘RÙPe°]Ùo AYo.

©W-Tg-Nj-ßp È™ ˙Up Gj-R-̊ ]˙VÙ ˙LÙs-Ls,

Sh-Nj-ß-We-Ls, ̆ TVo ̆ R -̈VÙR NUÙfNÙWeLs TX

Es-[-]. AYt-̇ \Ù” Jl-©-”-̊ L-́ p SÙm YÙ›m

EX-Lm ™Lf £±-V’RÙu. ©W-TgNUo-Ue-L˚[

ÿ›-Y-’-UÙL C’-Y˚W GY-WÙ-¤m A±V ÿ•-V-

Æp-˚X.

˘Nu\ Ët-\Ùi-•u BWm-Tj-ßp, Æi-˘Y-∞-´-≠-⁄k’

È™l TWl˚T ˙SÙd-°, TX ’Ls-Ls Y⁄-Y-̊ Rd Li-P-±k-

RÙo-Ls. Bt-\p ™œkR Ck-Rj ’Ls-L-∞u ˘RÙœl-◊d-œ,

LÙv-™d Lßo-Ls Gufl ˘TVo „h-Pl-Th-P-’.

RÙ]ÙLl È™ ¡’ Yk’ Æ›m Ck-Rd Lßo-L˚[ ˚Yj-’d-

˘LÙi-”, H˙R-‡m E⁄l-T-•-VÙ-Lf ˘NnV ÿ•-ŸUÙ Gufl

A±-Æ-V-XÙ-[o-Ls ˙VÙ£d-Lj ˘RÙPe-°-́ -⁄k-RÙo-Ls. EX-L-

˘Ue-œm LÙv-™d Lßo-L-̊ [l Tt± HLl-ThP Bn-‹-Ls,

T -̈̇ NÙ-R-̊ ]-Ls S˚P-̆ Tt-fld ˘LÙi-•-⁄k-R-], C’-Tt-±V

RL-Yp-L˚[ YÙ£j’ Bo-Ym ˘LÙiP AkR UÙQ-Y⁄m

Ru-‡-˚PV BWÙnf-£dœd LÙv-™d Lßo-L-˚[j ˙Rok-

˘R”jRÙo.

CjR˚LV J⁄ L•-]-UÙ] BWÙnf-£-́ p C\e-°V ©\-œ,

AYo ˙U¤m TW-T-Wl◊ A˚Pk-RÙo. ˙SWm, LÙXm ˙TÙY’

˘R¨VÙUp L•] E˚Zl-©p D”-Th-PÙo.

Cl-T• ÿm-ÿ-W-UÙL BWÙnf-£l T¶-L-∞p D”-Th-”-⁄k-R-

˙TÙ-’, AY-W’ ˙Y-Lj-’d-œj R˚P ˙TÙ”-Y’ ˙TÙp J⁄

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

44

Nm-T-Ym SPk-R-’. Ak-Rf Nm-T-Ym EX-̊ L˙V E¤d-°-V-’.

Al-T-•-̆ Vu] Nm-T-Ym? A’-RÙu CWi-PÙm EX-Ll-̇ TÙo...!

Cl-T-•l-ThP J⁄ „r-®-̊ X-́ p AY-WÙp R]’ LÙv-™d

Lßo BWÙnf-£-̊ Vj ˘RÙPW ÿ•-V-Æp-̊ X. G≤-‡m, „r-

®˚X Ntfl UÙ±V ©\œ BWÙnf-£˚V Gl-T-•-Ÿm ˘RÙP-W-

˙Yi-”m Gu\ ßP-UÙ] ÿ•-Æp C⁄k-RÙo AYo. VÙo

AkR C˚[Oo? ˙Yfl VÙ⁄UpXo, AYo RÙu Ck-ßV

Æi˘Y∞ CV-≠u Rk˚R G] A˚Zd-Ll-T-”m Æd-Wm

NÙWÙ-TÙn.

Æd-Wm NÙWÙ-TÙ-n œZk-̊ Rl T⁄-Yj-ßp T”-—h-•-VÙL C⁄k

RYo-. —fl—fll-TÙ] œflm-◊l ˚TV-]ÙL Y[ok-RÙo-. ©Wm-

UÙiP-UÙ] ≈h-•p œZk˚R Æd-Wm ÷˚Z-VÙR CP˙U

°˚P-VÙ-’. J⁄ LQm Ce˙L ˘R -̈YÙu. Li-Í-•j ß\l-

TRt-œs Cu-˘]Ù⁄ Í˚Xdœ K•-Æ-”-YÙu. “Æ˚[-Ÿm

T´o ÿ˚[-́ -̇ X˙V ̆ R -̈Ÿm” Gu-TÙo-Ls. CkR ̆ UÙØ˚Vj

R]’ œZk-̊ Rl T⁄-Yjß-̇ X˙V ˘Un-VÙd-°d LÙh-•-]Ùo

Æd-Wm NÙWÙ-TÙn.

˘T⁄m-TÙ-XÙ] œ_-WÙj-ß-L-˚[l ˙TÙX-˙Y, Æd-Wm NÙWÙ-

TÙ´u ˘Tt-˙\Ùo ˘RÙØp ’˚\-˚Vl ©u-]-¶-VÙ-Ld

˘LÙi•⁄k-R-]o. Æd-W-™u Rk˚R Am-TÙ-XÙp, B˚PLs

RVÙ-̈ l-◊, U⁄k’ RVÙ-̈ l-◊, Nod-L˚W B˚X-Ls Gufl Tp-

˙Yfl ˘RÙØpL∞p D”-Th-P-Yo.

AkRd LÙXj-ßp Am-TÙ-XÙp Gufl

˘NÙu-]Ùp AY-̊ Wj ˘R -̈VÙR GY-⁄m

AL-U-RÙ-TÙj SL-̈ p C⁄k-R’ °˚P-VÙ-’.

Ud-L -∞-Pm A Y ⁄ d œ l ˘ T ¨ V

U¨VÙ˚R C⁄kR’.

ULÙjUÙ LÙk-ß-V-•-L-fi-Pu ˘S⁄e-°l

TZ-°, AY-⁄-˚PV ˘LÙs-˚L-L˚[

˙YRm ̇ TÙp Ht-fld ̆ LÙi” AR-̊ ]l

©u-Tt± Yk-RYo Am-TÙ-XÙp.

L•] E˚Zl-◊m, ˘T¨V U¨-VÙ-˚R-Ÿm

˙R£-Vl TÙWm-T-̈ -V-ÿm ̆ LÙiP AkRd

œ”m-Tj-ßp-RÙu 1919-˛Bm Bi”

BLvh UÙRm 12-˛Bm ˙Rß, Am-TÙ-

XÙp ̨ NW-[Ù-̇ RÆ Rm-T-ß-V-̈ u B\Ù-Y’

œZk-̊ R-VÙ-Ll ©\k-RÙo ÆdWm NÙWÙTÙn.

45

Es-[e-˚L-´p EXLm

œZk˚R Æd-W-ÿdœ OÙTL Ndß ™L Aß-Lm, G˚R-Ÿm

J⁄-ÿ˚\ ˙Lh-PÙ˙X ˙TÙ’m; ß⁄l-©f ˘NÙp≠ Æ”-YÙo.

Gj-R˚] Æ˚[-VÙh-”dœ S”-Æ-¤m Aq-Yl-˙TÙ’

G›j’Ls, Gi-Ls, So-N¨ TÙPp-L-̊ [d ̇ Lh-”d-̆ LÙi”,

©\œ J⁄ ©£-±p-XÙ-Up ˘NÙp-≠d LÙh-”-YÙo. Gk-Rd

˙LsÆ -̇ Lh-PÙ-¤m AY-≤-P-™-⁄k’ ‘PÙi’, ‘PÙi’ Gufl

Tßp Y⁄m.

CYt˚\-̆ Vp-XÙm TÙojR AY-⁄˚PV B£-̈ -Vo-Ls, Am-

TÙ-XÙ-≠-Pm Æd-Wm Tt-±l ̆ T⁄-̊ U-VÙ-Ld œ±l-©h-PÙo-Ls.

“EeLs ULu ˘WÙmTf „h-•-̊ L, Ee-L-̊ [l ˘T⁄-̊ Ul

T”j-’m A[-‹dœ Y[-Wl ˙TÙ°-\Ùo TÙ⁄e-Ls” Gu\]o.

Am-TÙ-XÙ-̊ Xl ̆ TÙflj-R-Y-̊ W, Ru-‡-̊ PV ULu œ”m-Tj

˘RÙØ˚X Ht-flf £\l-TÙL SPjR ˙Yi-”m; ARt-LÙ]

◊j-ß-NÙ-≠j-R-]j-’-Pu Æd-Wm Y[-W-̇ Yi-”m GuT’RÙu

B˚N.

£fl YV-ß-≠-⁄k˙R œflm◊ ˘Nn’ ˘LÙi-”, Æ˚[-VÙ-•d

˘LÙi” LXÙhPÙ ˚TV-]ÙL Y[okR ˙TÙß-¤m, UÙi-•-

˙NÙ¨ LpÆ ÿ˚\ AY-⁄d-œs Ko A˚U-ß-VÙ]

—TÙYj˚R Ht-T-”j-ß-Æh-P-’.

Ru-̊ ]l Tt± VÙo Gu] ˘NÙp-°-\Ùo-Ls Gu-̆ \p-XÙm

Æd-Wm ˘T -̈RÙL AXh-•d ˘LÙs-[Ù-Up C⁄k-RÙo. AkRf

£u-]g-£fl YV-ßp AY-W’ Es-[j-ßp- RÙu HRÙY’

Ju˚\l ◊’-˚U-VÙLf ˘NnV ˙Yi-”m Gu\ Xh£V

˙Yh˚L C⁄k-’. CkR Bo-Ym-RÙu AY˚Wl T”„h-

•VÙL, Bol-TÙh-P-™p-XÙR A˚U-ß-Ÿ-Pu ·•V ˘Lh•d-

LÙ-WWÙL Bd-°-V-’.

PÙd-Po H. ©. ˘_. Al-’p-L-XÙm

C⁄Tj˙RÙWÙm Ët\Ùi•p A±ÆVp ’˚\´p

EXL[Æp SUdœl ̆ T⁄˚U ̇ R•j RkRYo SU’

ÿu]Ùs œ•VW—j R˚XYo PÙdPo. Al’p

LXÙm BYÙo. CYWÙp SU’ CkßVÙ ˘T⁄˚U

˘Ttfls[’.

Æi˘Y∞ BWÙnf£, SÙh•u TÙ’LÙl◊, A‘

Bt\p B°V ÿj’˚\L∞¤m AYo J⁄˙NW

E˚ZjRÙo.

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

46

CYo 1932˛Bm Bi” Ad˙PÙTo 15˛Bm SÙs ©\kRÙo; BLÙx,

©⁄jÆ B°V H‹L˚QL˚[ E⁄YÙd°]Ùo; ©.Gv.Gp.Æ,

©.Gv.Gp.Æ˛3 ˙TÙu\ Æi˘Y∞d LXuL˚[ È™´u —tfll

TÙ˚R´p 35,000 °.¡. EVWjßp ˘LÙi” ®fljß]Ùo; ˘TÙdWÙ≤p

Ik’ ÿ˚\ A‘dL⁄ ˘Y•l◊f ˙NÙR˚]L˚[ ®Lrjßf NÙR˚]

◊¨kRÙo.

CYo ̆ Tt\ Æ⁄’Ls GiQt\˚Y. AYt±p B¨VThPÙ Æ⁄’,

TjUÈ`u Æ⁄’(1981), TjU ÆÈ`u(1990), TÙWR Wj]Ù (1997)

ÿR≠V] œ±l©PjRœkR˚Y.

˘Pv≥ RÙUv

N¡Tj-ßp Æi-¶p HYl-ThP "Ad≤ 3' H‹-L-˚Q˚V

E⁄YÙd-°-V-ßp ÿd-°-Vl Te-œ Y°j-R-Yo, ˙LW-[-jßp

BXl◊˚Z UÙYh-Pj-̊ Rf ˙NokR ˘Pv≥ RÙUv Gu\ 45

YV-’ ˘TiU¶. PÙd-Po Al-’p LXÙm Æg-OÙ-≤-VÙL

C⁄kR ˙TÙ’ 1000 °˙XÙ ¡h-Po ÁWm ˘Nu-fl Gß-¨-´u

CXd-˚Lj RÙd-œm Ad≤ 1 H‹-L-˚Q˚V ˘Yt-±-L-W-UÙL

Æi-¶p ˘N¤j-ß-V-’ A˚]-Y-⁄m A±k-R-̇ R. Al-̇ TÙ˙R

Cj-ßh-Pj-ßp CPm-̆ Tt-±-⁄k-RÙo ˘Pv≥ RÙUv.

A”j-’ 3,500 °˙XÙ ¡h-Po ÁWm ˘Nu-fl RÙd-œm Ad≤ 4

H‹-L-̊ Q-L-fid-œm CY-̊ W˙V ßhP CVd-œ-S-WÙL ®V-™j-ß-⁄d-°-\-’

CWÙ-‘Y BWÙnf£ Ut-flm Y[of£ ®fl-Y-]m.

Ee-L-fid-œd L¶-≤j R™r ˘R -̈Ÿ-UÙ?

∏ ˙TÙo-” Æ˚Nl-T-X˚L

l[Ùd Y˚XlÈ

C ˘U´p ™u-]g-Np

Î≤-˙LÙh J⁄e-œ±

˙PhPÙ ˙Tv RW‹ R[m

@TÙih G›j-’-⁄

NÙlh˙Yo ˘Uu-˘TÙ⁄s

UÙP-˙Wh-Po Uh-”-flj-’-So

C ˙Tl-To ™u-≤-Rr

L˘Uuhv ©uÚhPm

47

Es-[e-˚L-´p EXLm

˙NL¨ŸeLs.

◊Lr˘Tt\ £X CkßV ÆgOÙ≤L∞u ̆ TVoLs ̆ LÙ”dLlTh”s[].

AYoL∞u Li”©•l◊Ls Tt±V ÆTWeL˚[f ˙NL¨ŸeLs.

No. £. Æ. WÙUu

˘_Læx NkßW˙TÙv

¥. •. SÙŸ”

Li-”©-•j’ G›-’e-Ls

Ck-ßV Æi-̆ Y∞ CV-≠u Rk-̊ R. ..................................................

©⁄jÆ, BLÙx H‹-L-̊ Q-L˚[ E⁄-YÙd-°-V-Yo. ............................

Ad≤ 2 H‹-L˚Q E⁄-YÙd-°-V-ßp ÿd-°V Teœ Y°jR ̇ LW[l ̆ Ti

Æg-OÙ≤.

SÙu Lt-fld-̆ LÙi-P˚Y

CkR AX-̊ Ld Lt-\-̇ TÙ’ SÙu ˘NnR ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls.

Gu-]Ùp Su-\Ù-Lf -̆ NnV ÿ•kR ˘NVp-TÙ-”-Ls, GR-]Ùp?

˘NVpTÙ”Ls

A•l-T˚Pl TÙP-Ëp

48

ALWÿR≠

A

A°Xm ˛ EXLm

A⁄œRp ˛ Ag—Rp

B

Bu˙\Ùo ˛ ˘T¨˙VÙo

Bn‹ ˛ BWÙnRp, ÷hTm

E

ETÙVm ˛ „rf£, RkßWm

I

IVm ˛ Nk˙RLm

J

Jjß˚L ˛ N¨TÙojRp

L

LZ≤ ˛ ˙NÙfl, YVp

œ⁄ß ˛ CWjRm

N

—t\m ˛ E\Æ]o

R

R˚V ˛ RV‹, CWdLm

˘RÙu˚U ˛ TZ˚U

S

®Qm ˛ ˘LÙ›l◊

®◊Qo ˛ A±Oo, YpXYo

T

˙T‘Rp ˛ TÙ’LÙjRp

Y

Y⁄Q

TLYÙu ˛ U˚Zdœ¨V

LP‹s

Y±VYo ˛ G∞VYo

ÆÎLm ˛ A¶Yœl◊

·hPm

_

IXNkß ˛ øoNkßl◊