Post on 01-Nov-2021
trSmpm
1/ oli,fwef;q&mrsm;\ t"duvkyfief;wpf&yfrSm uav;rsm;\ bmompum;zGHUNzdK;rIudk ulnD
yhHydk;ay;&efESifhh pma&;pmzwftpysdK;vkyfief;rsm;udk uav;rsm;\zGHUNzdK;rItqifhESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGpGm
pDpOfay;&efjzpfonf/ oli,fwef;q&mrsm;taejzifh bmompum;\ tjcif;t&mrsm;jzpfaom pum;oH
pepf? a0g[m&? 0guszGJUxHk;ESihf toHk;tEIef;rsm;udk em;vnfxm;&ef vkdtyfygonf/
2/ xkdYjyifuav;rsm;\ bmompum;zGHUNzdK;rIwGif yHkjyifajymjcif;? aw;uAsm&Gwfqkdjcif;? pum;xm
0Sufjcif;ponfwdkYonf ta&;ygaomtcef;u@taejzifh yg&Sdjcif;aMumifh oli,fwef;q&mrsm;onf
yHkjyifrsm;? aw;uAsmrsm;? pum;xmrsm;? pum;yHkrsm; ponfwdkYudk us,fus,ffjyefYjyefY vufvSrf;rD&ef
txl;vdktyfygonf/
3/ tqdkygvdktyfcsufrsm;udk twdkif;twmwpfcktxd jznfhpGrf;ay;Edkifrnfh þvrf;ñTefpmtkyfudk
atmufyg&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jzifh jyKpkxm;ygonf -
(1) jrefrmbmompum;pepf\ tajccHrsm;udk em;vnf&ef
(2) oli,fwef;uav;rsm;twGuf bmompum;zGHUNzdK;rIvkyfief;rsm; zefwD;vkyfaqmif
&mwGif rSDjirf;jyKEkdif&ef
4/ þvrf;ñTefpmtkyfwGif jrefrmbmompum;pepf\ tajccHrsm;ESif h bmompum;
taxmuftuljyK yHkjyif? aw;uAsmESifh pum;xmrsm;[lí tydkif;ESpfykdif;yg&Sdygonf/
5/ tydkif;(1)wGif jrefrmbmompum;pepf\ tajccHrsm;jzpfaom jrefrmbmompum;&Sd
pum;oHrsm;? 0PÖzGJUpnf;yHkESifh o&oH? Asnf;oHtwGJtpyf? ta&;tom;pepf? toHk;rsm;aom
pum;vHk;rsm; ponfwkdY yg0ifygonf/
6/ tykdif; (2)wGif bmompum;zGHUNzdK;rI taxmuftuljyK aw;uAsmrsm;? yHkjyifrsm;ESifh pum;xm
rsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ azmfjyxm;aom aw;uAsmrsm;? yHkjyifrsm;ESifh pum;xmrsm;onf erlem
rsm;om jzpfonf/ rdrdwkdYa'otvkduf toHk;jyKEdkifaom aw;uAsmrsm;? yHkjyifrsm;ESifh pum;xmrsm;udk
tpm;xkd; toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/ odkYaomf uav;rsm;\ touft&G,fzGHUNzdK;rIESifh qDavsmfrI&Sdap&ef?
yHkjyifrsm;udk rl&if;yHkjyif\ ausm½dk;raysmufapbJ yHkajym[efjzifhom ajym&ef owdjyK&rnfjzpfygonf/
7/ þvrf;ñTefpmtkyfonf q&mrsm;em;vnf&eftwGufomjzpfNyD; uav;rsm;twGuf bmom
pum;zGHUNzdK;rIvkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmif&mwGif rSDjirf;udk;um;&efom jzpfygonf/ uav;rsm;\ bmom
pum;zGHUNzdK;rIESifh pma&;pmzwftpysdK;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmif&mwGif þpmtkyfursm;pGm taxmuf
tul jzpfvdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifhygonf/
tajccHynmoif½kd;ñTef;wrf;ESifh ausmif;okH;pmtkyfaumfrwD
rmwdum
pOf taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm
tydkif;(1) bmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;tydkif;(1) bmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;tydkif;(1) bmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;tydkif;(1) bmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;tydkif;(1) bmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;
1/ ed'gef; 5
2/ jrefrmbmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm; 6
3/ a0g[m&rsm; 12
tydkif;(2)bmompum; taxmuftuljyK aw;uAsmrsm;?tydkif;(2)bmompum; taxmuftuljyK aw;uAsmrsm;?tydkif;(2)bmompum; taxmuftuljyK aw;uAsmrsm;?tydkif;(2)bmompum; taxmuftuljyK aw;uAsmrsm;?tydkif;(2)bmompum; taxmuftuljyK aw;uAsmrsm;?
ykHjyifrsm;? pum;xmrsm;ykHjyifrsm;? pum;xmrsm;ykHjyifrsm;? pum;xmrsm;ykHjyifrsm;? pum;xmrsm;ykHjyifrsm;? pum;xmrsm;
4/ u rS t txd Asnf;tu©&muAsmrsm; 15
5/ jrefrmaw;uAsmrsm; 18
6/ t*Fvdyfaw;uAsmrsm; 28
7/ ykHjyifrsm; 29
8/ pum;xmrsm; 60
1
þtydkif;wGifyg&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onf
q&mrsm;od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efESifhudk;um;&eftwGuf
omjzpfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;udk wdkuf&kduf
&Sif;vif; oifMum;jyo&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;
r[kwfyg/
þtydkif;wGif yg&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onfþtydkif;wGif yg&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onfþtydkif;wGif yg&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onfþtydkif;wGif yg&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onfþtydkif;wGif yg&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onf
q&mrsm; od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efESifh udk;um;&eftwGufq&mrsm; od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efESifh udk;um;&eftwGufq&mrsm; od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efESifh udk;um;&eftwGufq&mrsm; od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efESifh udk;um;&eftwGufq&mrsm; od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efESifh udk;um;&eftwGufomomomomom
jzpfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;udk wdkuf½kduf &Sif;vif;jzpfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;udk wdkuf½kduf &Sif;vif;jzpfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;udk wdkuf½kduf &Sif;vif;jzpfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;udk wdkuf½kduf &Sif;vif;jzpfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;udk wdkuf½kduf &Sif;vif;
oifMum;jyo&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm; r[kwfyg/oifMum;jyo&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm; r[kwfyg/oifMum;jyo&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm; r[kwfyg/oifMum;jyo&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm; r[kwfyg/oifMum;jyo&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm; r[kwfyg/
tydkif;(1)
bmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;
2
1/ ed'gef;
jrefrmbmompum;onf wdAufbmompum;tpk0if bmompum;jzpfNyD; wufusoH
(tone)udk rlwnfum t"dyÜm,f uGJjym;onfh bmompum;rsKd;jzpfonf/ pum;vkH; wpfckESifh wpfck
tvG,fwul aygif;pyfum pum;vkH;opfrsm;yGm;EdkifaomaMumifh yl;wGJbmompum;[kvnf;
owfrSwfMuonf/ jrefrmpm ta&;tom;pepfrSm tdEd,a&S;a[mif; tu©&mjzpfaom jAm[®Dtu©&mrS
yGm;vmaom tu©&mrsm;udk tajcjyKxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tu©&mpmvkH;oufoufudk tajcjyK
a&;om;xm;jcif;r[kwfbJ Asnf;oauFwudk t"duxm;NyD; xdkAsnf;oauFw\ txufatmuf
0J,mwGif tjcm;oauFwi,frsm; NcH&Hum o&oHESifh wufusoHrsm;udk owfrSwfa&;om;azmfjy&onf/
jrefrmpmta&;tzwfudk tpysdK;oifMum;Muonfh oli,fwef;q&m? q&mrrsm;onf jrefrmbmom
pum;\ xl;jcm;onfhtjcif;t&mrsm;udk od&Sdem;vnfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;twGuf bmompum;
zGHUNzdK;rIESifh pma&; pmzwf tpysdK;vkyfief;rsm;udk pDpOfvkyfudkif&mwGif tqdkyg xl;jcm;onfhtcsufrsm;udk
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;Mu&ef vdktyfygonf/
pma&;pmzwf oifMum;onfhtcg ta&;BuD;onfhe,fy,f(5)&yfudk ynm&Sifrsm;u azmfxkwf
owfrSwfxm;ygonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm -
(1) pum;oHrsm;udk em;vnfjcif;
(2) pum;oHrsm;ESifh tu©&moauFwrsm;\ tquftpyfudk odem;vnfjcif;
(3) oGufvufpGmzwfwwfjcif;
(4) a0g[m&<u,f0jcif;
(5) em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;wdkY jzpfygonf/
tqdkyge,fy,f(5)&yfvkH;wGif uav;rsm;uRrf;usifrI&Sdap&ef oif,lrIvkyfief;rsm; pDpOf
aqmif&Guf&mü rdrdoifMum;ay;rnfh bmompum;\ pepfrsm;udk oabmaygufem;vnfxm;&ef
ta&;BuD;ygonf/ okdYjzpf&m tqdkyge,fy,f(5)&yftwGuf xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh bmompum;\
pepftrsKd;rsKd;ESifh tokH;jyKEdkifonfh &if;jrpftaxmuftulrsm;udk bmompum;rSwfpktjzpf atmufwGif
pkpnf;azmfjyxm;ygonf/
3
2/ jrefrmbmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;
2-1/ jrefrmbmompum;&Sd pum;oHrsm;
urÇmay:&Sd bmompum;wdkif;wGif Asnf;oHESifho&oH[lí yg0ifygonf/ odkY&mwGif yg0ifonfh
Asnf;oHESifh o&oHta&twGufrSm bmompum;wpfckESifhwpfck rwlnDyg/ jrefrmbmompum;wGif
a,bk,stm;jzifh Asnf;oH(33)ck? tajccHo&oH(5)ckESifh o&wGJoH (4)ckyg0ifonf[k ynm&Sifrsm;u
owfrSwfMuonf/
þae&mwGif &nfñTef;onfh Asnf;o&[laom tokH;tEIef;rsm;rSm tu©&moauFwrsm;ESifh
rqdkifyg/ pum;oHoufoufudkom &nfñTef;jcif;jzpfygonf/
2-1-1/ Asnf;oHrsm;
jrefrmAsnf;oH(33)rsKd;udk toHjzpf&mae&m(Xmef)ESifh toHjzpf[eftvdkuf atmufyg Z,m;jzifh
azmfjyxm;ygonf/
cifrif(armif)(1990)udk rSD;ygonf/
4
txl;owdjyK&eftcsufrSm txufazmfjyyg toH(33)rsKd;onf ta&;tom;pepf&Sd
Asnf;(33)vkH;udk wdkuf½dkuf&nfñTef;jcif; r&Sdonfhtcsuf jzpfonf/ tcsKdUaom toHrsm;rSm wdkuf½dkuf
qufET,fonfh Asnf;tu©&mrsm;&Sdaomfvnf; tcsKdUrSm r&Sdyg/ Oyrm - tmacgifESifh oGm;&if;t&yfwdkYudk
tajcjyKNyD;jzpfonfh Asnf;oHrsm;jzpfonfh ]us?cs?*s?,S}]us?cs?*s?,S}]us?cs?*s?,S}]us?cs?*s?,S}]us?cs?*s?,S}wdkYonf Asnf;oHwpfckpDom jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif
¤if;wdkYudk udk,fpm;jyKrnfhAsnf;tu©&moD;jcm;r&SdonfhtwGuf ,yifh? &&pfrsm;jzifh tpm;xkd;
a&;om;ygonf/ okdYjzpf&m ta&;wGif Asnf;wGJykHoP²mefjzpfaeygonf/ pifppfrSm Asnf;oHwpfoHom
jzpfonfudk owdjyK&ygrnf/ tvm;wlyif ESmoHrsm;jzpfonfh ]rS? ES? n§? iS}]rS? ES? n§? iS}]rS? ES? n§? iS}]rS? ES? n§? iS}]rS? ES? n§? iS}wdkYonfvnf; oHn§if;
Asnf;oHwpfoHpDom jzpfonf/ xdktoHwpfoHpDtwGuf oD;jcm;Asnf;tu©&mr&Sdojzifh [xdk;(- S)xnfhum
a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYudkvnf; Asnf;wGJoH[k rowfrSwfEdkifyg/ yGwfwdkufoHrsm;jzpfaom
]oS? [S}]oS? [S}]oS? [S}]oS? [S}]oS? [S}wdkYonfvnf; xl;jcm;ygonf/ jrefrmpum;&Sd ]owif;pm} ]owif;pm} ]owif;pm} ]owif;pm} ]owif;pm}[laompum;vkH;\ tpAsnf;oHrSm
½kkd;½dk; ]o}]o}]o}]o}]o}toHr[kwfbJ oHjyif;Asnf;oHjzpfojzihf oauFw ]oS}]oS}]oS}]oS}]oS} udk okH;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ]oD;oD;}]oD;oD;}]oD;oD;}]oD;oD;}]oD;oD;}
[laom pum;vkH;udk &GwfqdkMunfhvQif ]o}]o}]o}]o}]o} oHESpfck rwlnDaMumif; owdxm;rdrnfxifygonf/
tvm;wlyif ][S}][S}][S}][S}][S} [laom toHrSm tHhtm;oifhonfhtcg xGufvmonfh ][m? a[? [if? [,ff}][m? a[? [if? [,ff}][m? a[? [if? [,ff}][m? a[? [if? [,ff}][m? a[? [if? [,ff}
ponfhtoHrsdK;udk udk,fpm;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ tqdkyg tmar#dwftoHrsm;onf ½dk;½dk; ][}][}][}][}][}toH
r[kwfaMumif; owdxm;rdrnfxifygonff/ tqdkygtoHrsdK;twGuf oD;jcm;tu©&mr&Sdojzifh ][[[[[}
jzifhom a&;&aomfvnf; toHxGufonfhtcgwGifrl oHjyif;Asnf;oHjzifh ][Sm? a[S? [Sif? [S,f}][Sm? a[S? [Sif? [S,f}][Sm? a[S? [Sif? [S,f}][Sm? a[S? [Sif? [S,f}][Sm? a[S? [Sif? [S,f}[kom
toHxGuf&ygonf/
2-1-2/ o&oHrsm;
jrefrmbmompum;onf wufusoH (tone) &Sdaom bmompum;jzpfonf[k azmfjycJhygonf/
toHtedrfhtjrifhtvdkuf t"dyÜm,f uGJjym;aom bmompum;jzpfonf/ jrefrmbmompum;wGif
a,bk,stm;jzifh-
1/ oHwdk (tedrfh oufoH) t
2/ oH&Snf (oHajy) tm
3/ oHav; (tjrifhoufoH) tm;
4/ oH&yf (tedrfhoufoH&yf) twf
[lí wufusoH av;rsKd;cGJMuonf/ xdkYtjyif jrefrmbmompum;wGif t o&oHudk tjynfhrxGufbJ
rMwm0ufoH[kac:aomtoHjzifh xGufqdkonfh pum;vkH;rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ Oyrm - ]]tar}}[laom
pum;vkH;&Sd a&SUqkH;rS ]]t}}toHudk ]]tmh}}[k o&oHtjynfhrxGufbJ rMwm0ufrQ Mumaom toHjzifh
xGufjcif;rsdK;jzpfonf/ tqdkygo&rsm;udkrl wufusoHrJh (neutral tone) o&oH[k ac:avh&Sdonf/
jrefrmbmompum;&Sd o&oHrsm;udk txufwGif azmfjycJhonfh wufusoH(4)rsKd;jzifh xyfrHcGJjcm;
MunfhvQif jrefrmbmompum;wGif o&oHrsm; rsm;pGm&Sdonf[k ajymvQifvnf; &Edkifrnfxifygonf/
jrefrmbmompum;&Sd o&oHrsm;udk rlvo& (22)vkH;? ESmoHo& (18)vkH;ESifh oH&yfo& (7)vkH;?
pkpkaygif; (47)vkH;&Sdonfudk atmufygZ,m;twkdif; awGUEdkifygonf/
5
jrefrmo&oH(47)rsKd;Z,m;
t = rMwm0uf
jrefrmpmtzGJU(2005)jrefrmo'´gudk rSD;onf/
6
jrefrmum&ef(64)yg;
pOf um&efBuD; um&efi,f
1/ t = tum&EÅm'd t tm tm;
2/ td = tdum&EÅm'd td tD tD;
3/ tk = tkum&EÅm'd tk tl tl;
4/ at = atum&EÅm'd at ath at;
5/ tJ = tJum&EÅm'd tJ tJh t,f
6/ atm = atmum&EÅm'd atm atmh atmf
7/ uf = tufum&EÅm'd tuf
atmuf
tdkuf
8/ if = tifum&EÅm'd tif tifh tif;
atmif atmifh atmif;
tdkif tdkifh tdkif;
9/ pf = tpfum&EÅm'd tpf
10/ Úf = tÚfum&EÅm'd tÚf tÚf h tÚf ;
11/ nf = tnfum&EÅm'd tnftnfh tnf;
12/ wf = twfum&EÅm'd twf
tdwf
tkwf
13/ ef = tefum&EÅm'd tef tefY tef;
tdef tdefY tdef;
tkef tkefY tkef;
14/ yf = tyfum&EÅm'd tyf
tdyf
tkyf
15/ rf = trfum&EÅm'd trf trfh trf;
tdrf tdrfh tdrf;
tkrf tkrfh tkrf;
16/ 0f = tdk0fum&EÅm'd tdk0f tdk0fh tdk0f;
7
ygVdo&(8)vHk;
t tm £ þ O OD { Mo
t tm td tD tk tl at atm
a a i i u u e o
ygVdAsnf;(33)vHk;
u c * C i
k kh g gh n
p q Z ps Ú
c ch j jh n
# X ! ¡ P
t th d dh n
w x ' " e
t th d dh n
y z A b r
p ph b bh m
, & v 0
y r l v
o [ V t
s h l –m••
•
•••••
•
~
8
2-1-3/ 0PÖzGJUpnf;ykHESifh o&oH Asnf;oHtwGJtpyf
o&oH oufoufjzpfap? o&oHESifh Asnf;aygif;pyfíjzpfap jzpfay:vmaom toHtpdwf
tydkif;udk 0PÖ[kac:jcif;jzpfonf/ 0PÖwpfck\ toHjzpfay:rIonf a,bk,stm;jzifh wpfrMwm
(wpfenf;tm;jzifh vufzspfwpfcsufwD;)Mumonf[k rSwf,lMuonf/ Oyrm]]tdrf}}[k toHxGufvQif
o&oHwpfckwnf;ESifh 0PÖwpfckjzpfonf/ ]]pm}}[kqdkvQif Asnf;oH (p)ESifh (tm)wGJqufxm;onfh
0PÖwpfckjzpfonf[k qdkEdkifNyD; ]]tdrfpm}}[kqdkvQif 0PÖ(2)ck&Sdonf[k a,bk,stm;jzifh rSwf,l
Edkifygonf/ jrefrmbmompum;\ 0PÖzGJUpnf;ykHrsm;rSm -
1/ o&oHoufouf0PÖ - Oyrm tm;? at;? tif;? tdyf
2/ Asnf;oHESifho&oHwGJ0PÖ - Oyrm pm;? aq;? qef? qdwf
3/ Asnf;wGJoHESifho&oHwGJ0PÖ - Oyrm ysm;? yGJ? NyHK;? oGm;
jrefrmbmompum;wGif ta&;ykHoP²mefü Asnf;wGJ[kxif&aomfvnf; toHwpfoHom
xGufonfh ta&;tom;rsm;&Sdonf/ Oyrm-us? cs? *s? Mu? jc? j* [laom u0*fAsnf;rsm;udk ,yifh?
&&pf wGJonfhtcg toHrSm Asnf;oHwpfoHomxGuf&ygonf/ xdkta&;tom;rsm;udk ESpfykHokH;pmvkH;
(Digraph) [kac:Muonf/ tqdkygta&;tom;rsKd;rSm uav;rsm;em;vnf&ef cufcJonfh? ½IyfaxG;onfh
ta&;tom;rsdK;jzpfojzifh ueOD;oifMum;&mwGif rxnfhoGif;oifh[k tBuHjyKMuonf/
jrefrmbmom ta&;tom;pepfonf t*FvdyfbmomuJhokdY tu©&mrsm;udk tpOftvdkuf
pDa&;onfh ta&;tom;pepfr[kwfyg/ a&SUwGifazmfjycJhouJhodkY t"dutu©&mudk tajcjyKNyD; tjcm;
oauFwrsm;udk xufatmuf 0J,maygif;pyfa&;om;onfh bmompum;jzpfojzifh 0PÖwpfvkH;
csif;\a&;zGJUykH ta&;ygygonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; jrefrmpmta&;tom;pepfudk 0PÖta&;tom;
pepf[k tcsKdUu ac:Muygonf/ odkkkYjzpfonfESifhtnD uav;rsm;taejzifh pma&;pmzwf tpysKd;
oif,lEdkif&ef 0PÖwpfckcsif;pDudk cGJjcm;Edkifaomtod (Syllabic awareness) &Sd&ef ta&;BuD;onf[k
qdkygonf/
jrefrmbmompum;wGif pum;vkH;trsm;pkrSm {u0PÖ(tvG,fajym&vQif pum;oHwpfcsuf)
pum;vkH;rsm;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif tjcm;bmompum;rsm; enf;wl 0PÖwpfvkH;xuf ydkaom pum;vkH;
rsm;vnf; rsm;pGm&Sdygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh -
1/ vl? tdrf? ausmif;? acG;? yGJ ponfwdkYonf {u0PÖ (toHwpfcsufom Mum;&onfh)
pum;vkH;rsm;
2/ xrif;? pmtkyf? tar? taz ponfwdkYonf 'dG0PÖ (toHESpfcsuf Mum;&onfh)
pum;vkH;rsm;
3/ q&m? ausmif;om;? q&mr? ukvm;xdkif? ueazmh? uEkurm? iSufBuD;0efydk ponf
wdkYwGifrl (toHwpfcsufru Mum;&onfh) pum;vkH;rsm;jzpfojzifh A[k0PÖpum;vkH;
rsm;[k ac:Muygonf/
9
uav;rsm;taejzifhMum;&onfh pum;oHwpfcGef;wGif 0PÖrnfrQygonfudk cGJJjcm;odjrifEdkif&ef
vkdtyfygonf/ odkYjzpf&m atmufazmfjyygvkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfudkfifay;jcif;jzifh uav;rsm;udk toH
oabm? 0PÖoabmrsm; odjrifem;vnfapEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
1/ um&efwltoHrsm; azmfxkwfjcif;
Oyrm - um;? vm;? tm;? pm; ponfjzifh ...
2/ oHwlpyfaw;uAsmrsm;? pmydk'frsm;&Gwfqdkjcif;
Oyrm -
wpfjym;ESpfjym;? yJvifjym;?
jym;vm;puúL? zvHjzL
xlxlxJxJ? ydk;awmifhwJ
uRJa&aomuf? EGm;a&aomuf/
&THUay: &SOfhajy;? &SOfharG;udk &THUrvl;/
awmifay:u &Srf;uav; avQmfxrf;vdkYajy;
&SnfwJhavQmfu &Snf &Snf
wdkwJh avQmfu wdk wdk/
vomwkef; vrf;ru
vlawGudk vdkufMunfhwm
vdyfawGyJ vmaeawmh
vkzrf;wJh vlawG[m vkH;aewmyJ/
(q&mrrsm;taejzifh uav;rsm;ESifhtwl txufyguJhodkYaom toHwlxyfpum;rsKd;udk
rdrdzmom wDxGiftokH;jyKoifhygonf/)
3/ pum;vkH;rsm;? 0gusrsm;rS 0PÖrsm;udk cGJxkwfjcif;
Oyrm - &xm; = & + xm;
0PÖrsm;udk aygif;pyfjcif;
Oyrm - p + yg; = pyg;
4/ tpAsnf;oHrsm; cGJjcm;jcif;
Oyrm - (c)toHeJY pwJh[m bmawG&SdovJ/
2-2/ ta&;tom;pepf
jrefrmpmta&;tom;pepfonf tu©&mESifh tjcm;oauFwrsm; aygif;pyfNyD; 0PÖwpfck
tjzpf pkpnf;a&;zGJUonfh ta&;tom;pepfjzpfojzifh 0PÖwpfydkif;? tu©&mpOfwpfydkif; ta&;tom;
(Alpha-syllabery) pepf[k owfrSwfMuonf/ odkYjzpf&m pma&;pmzwf tpysdK;oifMum;&mwGif?
tu©&mrsm;udka&m 0PÖzGJU&mwGif tokH;jyK&onfh tjcm;oauFwrsm;udkyg rSwfrdNyD; toHESifh tu©&m
oauFwrsm; rnfodkYrnfykHqufpyfonfudk od&Sdem;vnfatmif vkyfay;&ef vdktyfrnfjzpfonf/
10
2-2-1/ Asnf;tu©&mrsm;
jrefrmpmta&;tom;wGif Asnf;tu©&m[kqdk&mwGif urS t txdf (33)vkH;&Sdonf[k
rSwf,lMuygonf/ ]]t}} tu©&monftoHtm;jzifh o&oHjzpfaomfvnf; tu©&mtjzpf,l&mwGif
Asnf;tjzpfom tpOftvmt& rSwf,lMuonfjzpfojzifh Asnf;(33)vkH;[k qdkjcif;jzpfonf/ tqdkyg
Asnf;(33)vkH;rSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/
jrefrmAsnf;tu©&m(33)vkH;
txufazmfjyyg Asnf;tu©&m(33)vkH;onf jrefrmpum;wGif &Sdaom Asnf;oH(33)oHudk
udk,fpm;jyKjcif; r[kwfyg/ tcsKdUaom Asnf;rsm; Oyrm - *ESifh C? ZESifh ps? 'ESifh "? AESifh bwdkYonf
tu©&mESpfrsKd;uGJaomfvnf; toHrsm; Asnf;oHwpfckpDudkom udk,fpm;jyKygonf/ tcsKdUaom Asnf;rsm;
#? |? !? ¡ ESifh P wdkYonf tokH;enf;aom tu©&mrsm;jzpfonfudk owdjyK&ygrnf/ tvm;wlyif
tcsKdUaom Asnf;oHrsm;twGufrl? udk,fpm;jyKEdkifaom Asnf;tu©&m r&Sdyg/ odkYjzpf&m Asnf;oHwpfoH
twGuf tu©&moauFw ESpfrsKd;wGJokH;NyD; a&;om;&onfvnf; &Sdygonf/ txufwGif azmfjycJhaom
ESpfykHokH;pmvkH; (Digraph) ta&;tom;rsm;jzpfaom ]]us? cs? ,S? rS? vS}}wkdYonf tqdkygtrsKd;tpm;wGif
yg0ifygonf/ tjcm;owdxm;&rnfh tcsufwpfckrSm towfoauFwrsm;jzpfonf/ jrefrmpmta&;
tom;wGif ]puf? wpf? ewf? tyf}ponfh pum;vkH;rsm;uJhodkY aemufydwfAsnf;owfNyD; a&;ykHrsdK;
awGU&onfhwdkif toHxGufonfhtcg tqdkyg aemufydwfAsnf;rsm;udk toHxGufavhr&Sdaom
tcsufjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh towfoauFwrsm;udk oif½dk;wGif aemufydkif;rS xnfhoGif;oifMum;Mujcif;
jzpfonf/
2-2-2/ o&tu©&mrsm;
jrefrmbmompum;wGif wufusoH? ESmoH? oH&yfrsm;udk xnfhoGif;cGJjcm;Munfhygu o&oH
pkpkaygif;(47)vkH;&SdaMumif; azmfjycJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif ta&;tom;pepfwGifrl tpOftvm
t& o&tu©&mrsm;udk owfrSwf&mü tajccHo&ESifh oif½dk;o&[lí ESpfrsKd;cGJjcm;rSwfom;avh&Sdonf/
tqdkygESpfrsdK;udk atmufazmfjyyg Z,m;rsm;wGif o&oauFwrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJazmfjyxm;ygonf/
owdjyK&mrSm o&Z,m;rsm;wGif a,bk,stm;jzifh tajccHo&rsm;udk azmfjyxm;jcif;omjzpfNyD;
11
wufusoH? ESmoHESifhf oH&yfrsm;tm;vkH;udk xnfhoGif;xm;jcif; r&Sdao;yg/ xdkYjyif towfa&;xkH;ESifh
,SOfaom toHrsm;udkvnf; azmfjyrxm;ao;ojzifh o&oHtm;vkH;udk vTrf;NcHKEdkifaom ta&;tom;
rjzpfEdkifao;yg/ odkYjzpf&m o&oHtm;vkH;ESifhqkdifaomta&;oauFwrsm;ESifh ywfoufírl txufwGif
azmfjycJhonfh o&oH(47)vkH; Z,m;udk Munfh½Iapvdkygonf/
tajccHo&ESifh oauFwjyZ,m;
oif½dk;o&ESifh oauFwjyZ,m;
2-2-3/ tjcm;ta&;oauFwtrSwftom;rsm;
jrefrmbmompum;\ ta&;tom;pepfwGif pmvkH;BuD;? pmvkH;ao;? aumfrmponfwdkYr&SdbJ
yk'fjzwfyk'f&yftjzpf azmfjy&eftwGuf yk'fuav;(wpfacsmif;yk'f)? yk'fr(ESpfacsmif;yk'f)wdkYudk tokH;jyK
&onf/ yk'fuav;udk 0guswpfcktwGif; ta&;ygaomyk'frsm; ra&maxG;ap&ef jcm;&mü tokH;jyKNyD;?
yk'frudkrl 0gusqkH;aMumif; azmfjy&eftwGuf tokH;jyKonf/ tjcm;oauFwrsm;jzpfaom vufonf;
uGif;? rsOf;apmif;? rsOf;wdkYudk pmtkyfwGif awGU&Sdyguvnf; uav;rsm; owdjyKrdatmif &Sif;jyoifhygonf/
3/ a0g[m&rsm;
3-1/ aeYpOftokH;rsm;aom pum;vkH;rsm;
uav;i,frsm;udk pma&;pmzwfoifMum;&mwGif Asnf;? o&? tu©&mrsm;udk cGJjcm;roifMum;
rDwGif pum;vkH;tcsdKUudk oifMum;Edkifygonf/ tcsKdUaom pum;vkH;rsm;ukd tjrifjzifh pGJoGm;atmif
oifMum;ay;jcif;jzifh pma&;pmzwf jrefqefrSefuefpGm wwfajrmufa&;twGuf taxmuftuljzpf
ygonf/ xyfumxyfum jrif&awGU&rsm;NyD; tjrifjzifh rSwfrdaom pum;vkH;rsm;jzifh tjrifpGJpum;vkH;
rsm;[kvnf; ac:ygonf/ pifppftm;jzifh pma&;pmzwfwwfonfffqkdonfrSm pum;vkH; tm;vkH;eD;yg;
avmufudk tjrifpGJjzifh zwfEkdifjcif;jzpfonf/
12
tjrifpGJjzifh pum;vkH;rsm;udk rSwfom;odkavSmifykHrSm uav;wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf
rwlEdkifyg/ wpfOD;csif;pD xdawGU&if;ESD;&onfh pum;vkH;rsm;tay:wGif rlwnfygonf/ oli,fwef;
q&mrsm;udk uav;rsm;tjrifpGJjzifh zwfEdkifatmif vkyfay;oifhygonf/ a,bk,stm;jzifh t*Fvdyf
bmompum;wGif aeYpOfawGU&? zwf½I&onfh pmom;wpfyk'ftwGif; (50)%aom pum;vkH;rsm;rSm
tokH;trsm;qkH;pum;vkH; (100)twGif;wGif yg0ifaeonf[k qkdygonf/ tqkdygpum;vkH; (100)udk
tjrifpGJtjzpf rSwfom;rdaom uav;taejzifh pma&;pmzwfwwfajrmufrIwGif a&SUodkY a&mufaeNyD;
jzpfygonf/ odkYjzpf&m jrefrmpum;wGif tokH;trsm;qkH;aom pum;vkH;rsm;udk &SmazGNyD; tjrifpGJjzifh
oifMum;ay;Ekdifygonf/
trsm;qHk;jrifawGUaeus tjrifpGJ pum;vHk;rsm;
1/ -&Sdw,f 26/ -NyD; 51/ -r-cif 76/ -tbGm;
2/ -jzpfw,f 27/ -wJh- 52/ -[kwfuJh 77/ -orD;
3/ -vJ 28/ -ayrhJ 53/ -ol 78/ -om;
4/ -vm; 29/ -yJ 54/ -eif ig 79/ -pum;
5/ -r,f 30/ -r-bJ 55/ -vkyf 80/ -ig;
6/ -rSm 31/ -&if vQif 56/ -prf; 81/ -0g;
7/ -yg 32/ -awmh 57/ -wkef; 82/ -EGm;
8/ -eJY 33/ -wm 58/ -a&; 83/ -vQm
9/ -rvdkY 34/ -aemf 59/ -zwf 84/ -ae
10/ -w,f 35/ -avh&Sd 60/ -ajym 85/ -vluav;
11/ -bl; 36/ -qdk&if 61/ -oGm; 86/ -uav;
12/ -&Sd 37/ -vdkuf 62/ -xdkif 87/ -toD;
13/ -'g 38/ -b,fawmh 63/ -x 88/ -opfyif
14/ -NyD 39/ -uRefawmf 64/ -pm; 89/ -ausmif;
15/ -&JU 40/ -uRefr 65/ -Munfh 90/ -b,f nm
16/ -tkef;^OD; 41/ -a& 66/ -wGuf 91/ -xD;
17/ -aygh 42/ -tar 67/ -yHkqGJ 92/ -zdeyf
18/ -[ifhtif; 43/ -taz 68/ -ysif; 93/ -aomuf
19/ -qHk; 44/ -tpfr 69/ -qdk 94/ -vdkY
20/ -u 45/ -tpfudk 70/ -r 95/ -rvdkY
21/ -vdkYyg 46/ -nDav; 71/ -armif 96/ -pm;yGJ
22/ -udk 47/ -nDrav; 72/ -a': 97/ -ukvm;xdkif
23/ -[m 48/ -oli,fwef; 73/ -OD;
24/ -vdkU 49/ -OD;av; 74/ -q&mr
25/ 'D onf 50/ -ta': 75/ -tbdk;
13
tydkif;(2)
bmompum;taxmuftuljyK
aw;uAsmrsm;? ykHjyifrsm;
pum;xmrsm;
14
u rS t txd Asnf;tu©&muAsmrsm;
u
uBuD;a&u rru
uBudK;pkHpGm u
aysmf&TifjrL;<u uckefNyD;
qdkif;awG AHkawGwD;/
c
cacG; cacG; c½kav;
yef;yifwufwJh c½kav;
oGm;aewmu cyfaES;aES;
z,f&Sm;MupdkYav;/
*
*i,f *i,f
*Pef; oifr,f
wpf ESpf oHk; av; a&wGufr,f
*&kpkdufyguG,f/
i
iuav; iuav;
t&G,f i,fi,fav;
ivufrav; t&G,fi,f
ai;ai;rIdifrIdif raeeJYuG,f
p
pvkH; pvkH;
zdk;pvHk;
cg;udk ukef;vdkY pyg;pdkufwkef;
txGufwdk;rSmrdkY NyHK;/
q
qvdrfqvdrf
ausmif;wufcsdef
ausmif;wufcsdefrSm aysmf&TifvS
q&mrudk EIwfqufMu/
Z
ZuJGav; ZuJGav;
ZvyfjzLjzLazG;
ZvyfjzLu arT;MuLMuL
rav;yefzddkY ,l/
n
n...n... n...n vjynfhn
zdk;a&Tvu 0if;yy
va&mifatmufrSm aysmf&TifvdkY
wdkYawG upm;MupdkY/
w
w0rf;ylw0rf;yl
0rf;Adkufuav;uyl
w0rf;ylav; vSvSa&;
wtm; aysmfw,fav;/
x
xqifxl; xqifxl;
wdkYawG xrif;cl;
xl;xl;jcm;jcm; jyifqifuG,f
wdkYawG 0dkif;pm;r,f/
15
'‘
'axG; .....'axG;
r'axG;
'axG;av;u '&,frav;
[dk[dk 'D'Dajy;/
"
"atmufNcdKuf "atmufNcdKuf
0wfqHav;eJY "atmufNcdKuf
ESpfNcdKufp&m "avhrsm;
wdkYrsm; tav;xm;/
e
ei,fei,f udkei,f
tpGrf; &SdvSw,f
e*g;i,feJY eyef;vHk;
b,fawmhrS olr½IH;/
y
yapmufav; yapmufav;
yavG oHcsKday;
y0gav;eJY a&Trif;orD;
yxr&vdkY ½IrNiD;/
z
zOD;xkyfzOD;xkyf
aeylaqmif;wJh zOD;xkyf
OD;xkyfuav; aqmif;cJhuG,f
z&JoD;pdwf oGm;0,fr,f/
A
AxufNcdKuf AxufNcdKuf
A[kokw tvGefBudKuf
ESpfNcdKufp&m rSwfom;xm;
AvmpmtkyfrSm a&;pdkYvm;/
b
bukef; bukef;
bdk;bukef;
cg;u cyfukef;ukef;
oefpGrf;ygvkYd usef;rmwkef;/
r
r...rr...rrav;
ra&G;rkefYudk pm;r,fav;
rukefwmav; csefvdkYxm;
reufjzeftwGufvm;/
,
,yufvufav; ,yufvufav;
uBuD; ajymif;jyefa&;
,Of,Ofaus;aus; ,rif;&kyf
NyHK;NyHK;uav; [efyefvkyf/
&
&aumuf&aumuf udk&aumuf
&xm;pD;vdkY c&D;a&muf
yJGcif;a&mufcg aysmfp&m
&[wf pD;MurSm
&eHYjzmwJh a&arT;av;
0,foGm;MupdkYav;/
16
v
v ...v...v...v zdk;a&Tv
rkd;ay:omwJh v
tarSmifnudk va&mifcGif;
vifyef;BuD;vdk aiGvrif;/
0
0vHk; 0vHk; zdk;0vHk;
cspfp&mav; zdk;0vHk;
csKdcsKdNyHK;wJh 0vHk;&,f
0dkif;0dkif;uav; a&;ygw,f/
o
ouav; ouav; cspfp&mouav;
o&uf ocGm; csdKcsdKat;
oZifyef;u MuLMuLarT;
tJ'g ouav;/
[
[uav;[uav;
om;om;rD;rD; oHcsdKaw;
[...[av; &,foHay;
ararhem;0ifat;/
t
t tar wdkYwdkif;jynf
tNrJ cspfcifay
tar&JUom; jrefjynfzGm;
trsm;twGuf wdkYBudK;pm;/
17
jrefrmaw;uAsmrsm;
1/ ausmif;cef;0if
reDuav; vG,ftdwfjyif
ydawmufyef;eJY ausmif;cef;0if/
r*Fvmygq&mr
nDnDnmnmEIwfqufMu/
0vkH;uav; cspfpzG,f
0kdif;atmif a&;wwfw,f/
pHy,fvkdjzLjzLazG;
0vkH; MuLMuLarT;/ /
(wifrdk;)
2/ vl&SnfBuD;
(vl&SnfBuD;vkdavQmuf)
2
(vl&SnfBuD;vkd)
3
avQmuf
(vlykav;vkdavQmuf)
2
(vlykav;vkd)
3
avQmuf
(vl0BuD;vkdavQmuf)
2
(vl0BuD;vkd)
3
avQmuf
(vlydefav;vdkavQmuf)
2
(vlydefav;vkd)
3
avQmuf
(rif;om;av;vkdu)
2
(rif;om;av;vkd)
3
u
(rif;orD;av;vkdu)
2
(rif;orD;av;vkd)
3
u/
(ECD)
3/ acgif;? yckH;eJY 'l; ajczsm;
«acgif;? yckH;eJY 'l;ajczsm;
('l;ajczsm;)
2
acgif;? yckH;eJY 'l;ajczsm;
rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;eJYyg;pyf»
2
/
(ECD)
4/ wpfukd,fa&oefY&Sif;a&;
tdyf&mxvQif rsufESmopfvdkY
rnpfywfatmifaeyghr,f?
rsufESmopfvQifoGm;ygwkdufvdkY
usef;rma&;udk*½kpdkufr,f?
tkef;qDvdrf;um acgif;udkNzD;vkdY
ajconf;vufonf;vSD;yghr,f?
tuÐs? vkHcsnf aMu;an§mfuif;atmif
oefUoefU&Sif;&Sif;0wfyghr,f?
ausmif;oGm;csdefrSmigwkdYoGm;vkdU
em;csdefem;vdkUupm;r,f?
(upm;r,f)
2
/
(ECD)
5/ rsufpdav;ujrifw,f
rsufpdav;u jrifw,f
em;uav;u Mum;w,f
ESmacgif;av;u avudk½SL&w,f
OD;aESmufav;u awG;um
yg;pyfav;udk[um
aysmfaysmf&Tif&TifoDcsif;qdkMupdkUuG,f
aysmf&Tifw,f/
(ECD)
6/ wkdUvnf;vkyfEdkifw,f
wdkYrsm;i,faomfvnf;tvkyfvkyfwwfw,f?
b,ftvkyfrqkdwdkYrsm;vkyfwwfw,f/
(a&cyfay;)
3
wwfw,f
([if;&Gufa>c)
3
wwfw,f
(wHjrufpnf;vSnf;)
3
wwfw,f
wkdYrsm;i,faomfvnf;tvkyfvkyfwwfw,f/
(ECD)
18
7/ bl;oD;uav;0wkwfwkwf
bl;oD;uav;0wkwfwkwf
nDnDzdk;0½kyf?
acgif;pkwfzGm;eJYapmifNcKHw,f
ajymif;zl;udkukd&,f?
vScsifvGef;vdkYMuufawmifpnf;
rD;rD;emewfoD;?
ydefydefao;ao;t&yf&Snf
azazyJvif;a>r?
arwåmxm;vdkU u½kPmBuD;
arar z&JoD;/
(ECD)
8/ awmxJu rdom;pk
rqkdpaumif;? qkdpaumif;
okd;uav;eJUudka&Ta'gif;
vrf;Budwfpufukdarmif;/
qdkaumif;yg&JU yl;eJU,kef
csrf;írD;udkvIH
[kdcsKHay:u 0uf0HxD;
rdausmif;BuD;udkpD;/
pm0kwD;u aw;oHcsdK
toHvTifhoDqkd
rav;ckdeJU udka&Tzm;
uckefwrf;upm;/
9/ zdk;Muufawm
a&TcJuav; zdk;Muufawm
rSefwm&J&Jajym
vdrfrajymeJYarmifav;&,f
a&TcJavSmifvdrfhr,f
vdrfw,fqdkwmowdåenf;
vlnHhvlaMumufyJ/ /
(wifrdk;)
10/ tvSLyJG
a&T'kd;ywfaAwdk;ywf
aAwdk;ywfa&T'dk;ywf/
aAwdk;ywfAdefaygifxD
ywfrBuD;ujrnf/
tdk;pnftkd;pnftdk;pnfom;
a[vm;armifwdkU 0g;/
0g;vufckyfajr§mufvdkYcsD
ajzmufajzmuftoHjrnf/
wD – wD – wD udka&TESJ
vGrf;atmifolucRJ
armifwdkYtvSLyJG/ /
(wifrdk;)
11/ arG;aeY
aysmf&Tifp&marG;aeY .......oifhtwGuf
oli,fcsif;&JU..............arG;aeY
aysmf&TifpGmtm;vkH; .......vufckyfwD;
tm;vkH;oDcsif;qkd ........oifhtwGuf
(KG Team)
12/ a&Tarmif;oH
uumuduDukul
a&TcsdK;uav;uululul
wwmwdwDwkwl
rD;&xm;BuD; wlwlwl
rrmrdrDrkrl
rD;rD;av;urlrlrl
[[m [d[D [k[l
a&Tarmif;oHBuD; 'l [l [l/
(wifrdk;)
19
13/ wpfvSrf;wdk;yg
a&SUudkwkd;vSrf;yg? aemufudkqkwfvkdufyg/
udk,fwpfywfvSnhf vufqufulnDyg/
a&SUudkwkd;vSrf;yg? aemufudkqkwfvkdufyg/
yckH;av;wGef;vdkUulnD&kdif;yif;yg/
(&Smvm vm vm vm;)
3
ulnDyg/
(&Smvm vm vm vm;)
3
a[hulnDMuyg/
(ECD)
14/ zdeyfuav;
zdeyfuav;udk (nDnDuG,f)
3
zdeyfav;udk nDnDuG,fpDumxm;&r,f/
pmtkyfuav;udk (nDnDuG,f)
3
pmtkyfav;udknDnDuG,fpDumxm;&r,f/
trIdufuav;udk (twlwluG,f)
3
trIdufuav;udktwlwluG,fNydKifwlaumuf
Mur,f/
upm;&wmaysmfygovm;(aysmfygw,f)
2
upm;NyD;&if bmvkyfrvJ ...jyefum
odrf;&r,f/
(ECD)
15/15/15/15/15/ oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif
(oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif vufckyfwD;)
2
oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif
tm;&yg;&vufckyfwD;
oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif vufckyfwD;/
(oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif acgif;udkNidrfh)
2
oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif
tm;&yg;&acgif;udkNidrfh
oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif acgif;udkNidrfh/
(ajcudkaqmifh)? (ESmudkacs)? (tm;vkH;vkyf)
ponfwdkUtpm;xkd;í qufqkdyg/
(ECD)
16/ wdkYausmif;
yef;uav;rsm;yGihfawmhrnf
zl;wH0ifhvYkdcsD?
aejcnfrSma&T&nfavmif;
igwkdYpmoifausmif;/
17/ oli,fcsif;
emewfoD;eJY 'l;&if;[m
oli,fcsif;awGyg?
wpfaeUaomtcg&efjzpfMu
'l;&if;oD;u ql;eJYcs/
emewfoD;&JUrsufESm0,f
ql;csufawGu <u,f
olwdkUES,f&efrjzpfeJU
oifhatmifaygif;MuuJGU/
(ECD)
18/ Muufzwdefnif
Muufzwdefnif awmudk0if
armif&ifvm av;eJYypf
rypfygeJY armif&if&,f
Muufwuf pl;yghr,f
b,fbufu pl;pl;
nmbufu pl;pl;
cGyfvkdufMupdkY oli,fcsif;
atmuf tD tD; tGwf/
(ECD)
19/ aps;xJoGm;Mur,f
azazeJYtwlwluG,f aps;xJoGm;Mur,f
arareJYtwlwluG,f aps;xJoGm;Mur,f?
(0,fr,fuG,fh)
2
tom;eJYig;eJY0,f
(0,fr,fuG,fh)
2
[if;oD;[if;&Guf0,f/
(ECD)
20
20/ opfyifpdkufMupkdY
opfyifav;awGpkdufMur,f
wdkYurÇmav;vSzdkYuG,f?
opfyifpkdufyg wdkYurÇm
om,mvSy pdrf;jrjr/
21/ aAwkd;wyf
aAwkd;wyfaAwdk;wyf
rD;rD;av;u rwfwwf&yf
zl;yGihfvmwJh MumyGifhcsyf/
aAwkd;wyfaAwdk;wyf
cg;udkñTwfvkdY yef;qGwfwwf
vufuav;udkauG;umqwf/
aAwkd;wyf aAwdk;wyf
acgif;iJhvnfiJh ,drf;EJGUwwf
rsufESmuav;u ajymifpyfpyf
ar;uav;u wZwfZwf
aAwdk;wyf aAwdk;wyf/
(wifrdk;)
22/ avNidrfNidrf
avNidrfNidrf ?opfyifBuD;uNidrf
avjyif;wdkufawmhbmjzpfw,f?
(a[m'Dvdkjzpfw,f)
2
ta&SUuwkdufjyefawmh
taemufudk (,drf;w,f)
2
taemufuwdkufjyefawmh
ta&SUudk (,drf;w,f)
2
avNidrfNidrf? opfyifBuD;u (Nidrf)
3
/
(ECD)
23/ a&TpGefndK
a&TpGefndK bmukdvdkvdkY0Jygw,f
raxG;vkdvdkY0Jygw,f/
raxG;ryg wdkYcsnf;om
ygygvsufom;aemufuxm;
raxG;tom;cg;vSw,f?
acsmif;i,fa&eJUaq;yghr,f/
acsmif;i,fa&csrf; aEGrSmcef;
jrpfi,fa&ESifh aq;yghr,f/
jrpfi,fa&csrf; aEGrSmcef;
yifv,fa&eJUaq;yghr,f/
yifv,fa&csrf; aEGrSmcef;
yifv,fa& b,frcef;
raxG;trdzrf;/
(aus;vufuAsm)
24/ vSvSyyxm;Mur,f
tyifuav;rsm;vSyw,f
yef;uav;rsm;yGifhMuw,f
vSvSyyxm;Mur,f/
rcsKd;eJYrzJheJY*½kpdkufuG,f?
a&udkrSefrSefavmif;pdkYuG,f?
yef;yGifhrsm;rsm;yGifhzdkY&,f/
(ABCD uAsmoHpOf)
25/ aEG? rkd;? aqmif;
atmifrav;awmh Asmh ylvkdufwm
aEG&moDa&mufvm/
atmifrav;awmh Asmh
avjyif;rkefwdkif;vm?
rkd;wGif;a&mufNyDvm;/
eSif;rIefawGwzJGzJGusvkdYvm?
aqmif;wGif;a&mufNyDuGm/
(KG Team)
21
26/ rkd;Ncdrf;oHMum;
rkd;awGavawGwNcdrf;Ncdrf;
(wkwfwkwf*sdrf;)
2
/
,drf;u&atmif u&atmif
ywfaA'kd;ajAmifaA'kd;ajAmif?
armifwkdYr,fwdkYnDapom;
0kdif;Muygvm; 0ef;ygvm;
a[;vm; armifwkdY0g;/
(ECD)
27/ zm;i,fuav;
(zm;i,fuav;)
2
olwkdYatmfoHMum;
(tkH;tGrf uGrf uGrf)
2
tkH;tGrf uGrf uGrf uGrf
(tNrD;r&Sd)
2
toHus,fpGmatmf
(tkH;tGrf uGrf uGrf)
2
tkH;tGrf uGrf uGrf uGrf/
(ECD)
28/ c&D;oGm;Mur,f
c&D;oGm;Mur,f? twlwlvm
oli,fcsif;tm;vkH; aysmfp&m
pD;Mu? armif;Mu? oGm;MurSm
«(yGrf)
2
um;BuD;armif;r,f»
3
(yGrf)
7
«(wl)
2
&xm;BuD;armif;r,f)»
3
(wl)
7
«(ay:)
2
oabFmBuD;armif;r,f»
3
(ay:)
7
«(0D)
2
av,mOfysHBuD;armif;r,f»
3
(0D)
7
«(uvif)
2
pufbD;av;pD;r,f»
3
(uvif)
7
«(0l;)
2
qdkifu,fpD;r,f»
3
(0l;)
7
«(avSsmuf)
2
vrf;av;avSsmufr,f»
3
( avSsmuf)
7
/
(ECD)
29/ udkudkwpfuav;
udkudk (1) uav;xGufvdkYvm
rr (2) vnf;yg
nD (3)? (4)eJU (5) vnf;yg
tm;vHk; u MurSm/
(ECD)
30/ rD;&xm;BuD;
«rD;&xm;BuD;? xGufcgeD;NyD
xGufvkdYvmNyD? wHcg;ydwfxm;
*sKH;*sKH;*sKH;? *suf*suf*suf
*sKH;*sKH;? *suf*suf 0rf;ajrmufpGm»
22222
(ECD)
31/ rD;yGdKifhav;
vrf;qkHwkdif;u rD;yGdKifhrSm
ta&mifoHk;rsdK;&Sdw,fuGm
t0ga&mifav;jrif&ifawmh
t&Sdefoyfwmaygh/
teDa&mifav;jrif&ifuG,f
um;av;&yfMur,f
tpdrf;a&mifav;jrif&ifawmh
um;uav;xGufwmaygh/
wdkUawGtm;vHk; ab;uif;a&;
rD;yGdKifhav;u umuG,fay;/
(KG Team)
32/ yef;uav; 10 yGifh
yef; 1 yGifh? yef; 2 yGifh? yef; 3 yGihf yg
yef; 4 yGifh? yef; 5 yGifh? yef; 6 yGihf yg
yef; 7 yGifh? yef; 8 yGifh? yef; 9 yGihf yg
yef;uav; 10 yGifhyg/
22
33/ wpf? ESpf? okH;? av;
(1? 2? 3? 4)
2
(5? 6? 7)
2
(7 NyD;awmh 8 uG,f)
2
(9? 10)
2
/
34/ 1? 2 pmukdcspf
wpfESpf? pmudkcspf
okH;av;? rodwmar;
ig;ajcmuf? ESpfcsif;ayguf
ckepf?&Spf? wynhfcspf
udk;wpfq,f?BudK;pm;r,f/
35/ aumuffn§if;aygif;
aumufn§if;aygif;av;? ylylaEG;
ESrf;axmif;eHU arT;arT;/
tkef;oD;azG;azG;xnhf&ifuG,f
om;om;BudKufygw,f/
aumufñSif;aygif;onf rrav;
rsm;rsm;xnhfyg raES;/
wdkUaps;av;&JU ta&SUrSm
rra&mif;wJhcg?
aps;qkdifjyifvkdUawmif;udkcs
om;om;pm;r,fAs/
(KG Team)
36/ aysmf&Tifp&marG;aeY
(aysmf&Tifp&marG;aeY oifhtwGuf)
2
aysmf&Tifp&marG;aeY oifhtwGufyg .....
aysmf&Tifp&marG;aeY oifhtwGuf
(KG Team)
37/ bk&m;yJGawmfoGm;pkdYaemf
(wlaysmfaysmf)
2
bk&m;yJGawmfoGm;pkdUaemf?
oli,fcsif;rsm;eJYtwlaysmf?
EGm;vSnf;av;eJYaemf?
a[h EGm;vSnf;av;eJYaemf(wlaysmfaysmf)
2
yJGaps;wef;av;avSsmufvkdYaemf?
aumufn§if; aygif;eJYbl;oD;aMumf?
0,fpm;MupkdYaemf?
a[h 0,fpm;MupdkYaemf/
(ECD)
38/ MuufNcHuav;
a&TMuufzBuD;wGefoHom
eHeufrdk;aomufcg?
MuufrBuD;rSmtdyfaewkef;
EId;vkdufygtkef;/
Muufuav;awGEdk;wJhcg
usdusdatmfoHom/
wdkYNcHxJrSm Munfhygtkef;
rdom;wpfpkvkH;/
(KG Team)
39/ yifvkH
vGwfvyfyef;udkb,fhES,fqGwfw,f
wkdYnDnGwfvkdUqGwfEdkifw,f/
&Srf;?csif;? u&if? ucsifrsm;eJU
&ckdif?u,m; toG,foG,f/
yifvkHNrdKUrSmwlqkHMuvdkU
wkdUjynfreJYwdkYjynfe,f/
om;csif;nDaemifwnfaxmifrIeJY
jynfaxmifpkBuD; ay:vmw,f/
trdEdkifiH wm0efrsm;udk
ukd,ftm; ÓPftm; xrf;Mur,f/
xrf;r,fxrf;r,f/ /
(wifrdk;)
23
40/ a&(1)
a& a& a& a& a&
aomufokH;MuzdkUa&?
a& a& a& a& a&
aq;zdkU? aMumzdkYa&?
a& a& a& a& a&
csufzdkY jyKwfzdkYa& ?
a&uav;[mav t"du usvSay/
xrif;touf ckepf&uf
a&toufu wpfreuf?
a&aumif;a&oefU&rSom
usef;rm0NzdK;rSm/
(ECD)
41/ a& (2)
a&awG a&awG b,fuvm
rdk;aumif;uifuvm?
rdk;aumif;uifukd b,fvkda&muf
a&aiGUjzpfvkdUa&muf/
a&aiGU a&aiGU b,fuvm
urÇmajruvm?
yifv,fjyifrSm aeylawmh
acsmif;ajrmif;tdkifrSm aeylawmh
a&aiGUjzpfwmaygh/
a&aiGUjzpfawmhavxJyg
aumif;uifjyefwufum?
aumif;uifBuD;[m at;vmawmh
(a&jyefjzpfwmaygh)
3
/
(KG Team)
42/ rESif;wdkYtdrf
[kdbuf urf;u rD;xdefxdef
onfbufurf;urD;xdefxdef
qDrD;xdefxdefvif;ygwJh rESif;wdkYtdrf/
43/ ig;uav;awG
ig;uav;awG ig;uav;awG
a&xJu ig;uav;awG?
tjzLa&mifav;awG t0ga&mifav;awG
tdk tpkHyJa[h/
ig;uav;awG ig;uav;awG
a&xJu ig;uav;awG?
[kdbuful;vdkuf onfbuful;vkduf
aysmfp&mtvGefaumif;w,f/
(ECD)
44/ yk&Gufqdwf
yk&Gufqdwfuav;tcsdefrjzKef;yg
ysif;&dNyD;awmhtdyfraeyg/
(b,f nm)
3
wef;pDum
BudK;BudK;pm;pm; tvkyfvkyfwm
ußGEkfyfwkdUvnf;tcsdefrjzKef;yg/
ysif;&dNyD;awmhtdyfraeyg/
(b,f nm)
3
wef;pDum
BudK;BudK;pm;pm; tvkyfvkyfrSm/
(ECD)
45/ udk,ifaumif
(udk,ifaumif)
2
odyf&GHzdkYaumif;/
rpifvnf;pm; [if;vnf;pm;
[kdeJY'Dul;oGm;/
olUajcvufawG aq;aewm
wdkYxrif;0kdif;ay:rSm
armif;yg[ armif;yguG/
ta0;odkYxGufoGm;atmif
xrif;0kdif;av;tkyfxm;&atmif
oGm;awmh udk,ifaumif/
(ECD)
24
46/ vdyfjymav;
(vdyfjymav;awG)
2
(vSvdkufwm)
2
(yef;0wf&nfudkpkyfw,f)
2
(vSygw,f)
2
(ECD)
47/ ausmif;aep
u c * C i
om;om; ausmif;aep?
p q Z ps n
rdwfopf aqGopf&?
w x ' " e
twl upm;Mu?
y z A b r
uAsm&GwfqdkMu?
, & v 0 o
pma&; pmzwfMu?
[ V t
aysmfzdkY aumif;oy/
armifwifpdk; (opf&maumuf)
48/ tm;vkH;nDñGwfw,f
1? 2? 3 nDryef;awGukH;
4? 5? 6 EGm;EdkYrSefrSefaomuf
7? 8? 9 O,smOfav;udkysdK;?
10? 11? 12 udk,fhwdkif; udk,fhjynfcspf
13? 14? 15 yef;csDqGJygvm;
16? 17? 18 trIduf,lvdkYypf
19 eJY 20 tm;vkH; nDñGwfw,f/
(wifrdk;)
49/ vrif;xJu ,kefuav;
vrif;xJu ,kefuav;
tom;jzLazG;azG;/
awmifa0S;axmufwJhtbdk;tkd
armifhqDvmygqkd/
rvmvdkaeyga&mh
vlav;vmrSmaygh/
(wifrdk;)
50/ v,fapmifhwJ
rdk;a&wufa&wazG;azG;
uGif;us,fta0;a0;/
v,fapmihfwJav;ajcwH&Snf
rkd;ukyfatmufrSmwnf?
MumeDwpfyGifh jzLwpfyGifh
wJESifhyeHwifh/
(rif;ok0Pf)
51/ wkdYwm0ef
onftdrf b,folUtdrf
wdkYtdrf/
wdkYtdrfaumif;atmif b,foljyK
igwdkY rdom;pk/
onfausmif; b,folUausmif;
wdkYausmif;/
wdkYausmif;*kPfudk b,folaqmif
igwdkYausmif;ol ausmif;om;armif/
onfajr b,folUajr
wdkYajr/
wdkYajromaMumif; b,folavmif;
igwdkY jynfoltaygif;/ /
(wifrdk;)
25
52/ tdrf
(tdrf )
3
.....om;om;^rD;rD;wdkY&JUtdrf
(tdrf )
3
.....aysmf&Tif&wJhtdrf
tdrf.....om;om;^rD;rD;wdkY&JUtdrf
wdkYtdrf uav;[mavaEG;axG;vSayghav/
(KG Team)
53/ anmifa0gif anmifa0gif
ylpDuav; aqmifhaMumifhxdkif
<uuf r&vdkYrIdif/
wdkifBudK wdkifMum; avQmufvdkYoGm;
tNrD; wzGm;zGm;/
ylpDuav; Adkufqmavmif
raqmhEdkif&Sm aygif/
anmifa0gif anmifa0gif atmfvdkYnnf;
ylpD a'goBuD;/ /
(wifrdk;)
54/ wm0efudk,fpD
nDrav;u wHjrufvSnf;
nDnDxif;awGcJG/
a&qJGwmu udkav;yg
rraps;oGm;wm?
ararrSm xrif;csuf
azaz½kH;udkwuf/
55/ bJuav;
a&uefeHab; bJuav;
a&ul;r,fwJhav;/
v,fwJuav; urf;pqD
bJi,ful;&onf?
bmrxDwJhbJuav;
ul;r,fta0; urf;ta0;/ /
(wifrdk;)
56/ iSufuav;eDeD
i,faom iSufuav;eDeD
opfukdif;ay:rSm xdkifae?
tNrD;uav;u vIyfíae
(vIyf)
2
vIyfíae?
tNrD;uav;u vIyfíae?
acgif;uav;u Nidrfhíae?
tNrD;uav;u vIyfíae
(vIyf)
2
vIyfíae/
(ECD)
57/ a&Ta&mifaiGa&mif
ydawmufyef;awG 0if;xdefxdef
oBuFefuswJhtcsdef/
rdk;ajy;wpfBudrf&Gm&ifvnf;
a&Ta&mif0if;ceJ/
ydawmufyef;awGtay:rSm
aejcnfvufvufjzm/
avajywpfcgaoG;&ifvnf;
aiGa&mifxif;ceJ/
(wifrdk;)
58/ qifarsmuf,kef
,kefuav;t&G,fi,f
qifBuD; BuD;vSw,f
,kefarsmufqifuG,ftukefvkH;
qifBuD; tBuD;qkH;/
59/ jzLazG;vSwJU,kef
[kdckefonfckef wckefckef (jzLazG;vSwJY,kef)
3
[kdae&mrSmvnf; wckefckef
'Dae&mrSmvnf; wckefckef
[kdckefonfckef wckefckef jzLazG;vSwJU,kef/
(ECD)
26
62/ yJyJ? okd;rnf;
(yJyJ? okd;rnf;? okd;arG;&Sdygovm;?
([kwfuJY)
2
okH;tdwftjynhfAs?
wpftdwfu q&mzdkY?
wpftdwfu q&mrzdkY?
usefwpftdwfu vluav;?
vrf;Mum;xJuav;)
2
/
63/ jrif;BuD;pD;r,f
(vmNyDud kuk d? jrif;BuD;pD;umjrif;0BuD;ukd
pD;vdkUvm)
2
'gudk olu vkyfjyw,f
(ab;csif;)
3
wdkufvdkU&,f
(a&SUcsif;)
3
eD;vkdU&,f
(ausmcsif;)
3
uyfvkdU&,f
'gudk olu vkyfjyw,f/
(ECD)
60/ jynfaxmifpkzGm;nDaemifrsm;
&Srf; csif; ucsifu&ifrsm;eJU
&cdkif u,m; rGef Arm?
wpfajrwnf;ae nDaemifrsm;rdkY
jynfaxmifom;vdkU ac:Muwm?
at;vnf;twl yltrSSseJY
twlwuG aexdkifum?
wpfa,mufvufudk wpfa,mufqGJvdkU
vufcsif;wJG,Suf NrJckdifrm?
nDnDnmnm wpfa,muftm;eJY
razmufrjym; pnf;vHk;um
wdkYjynfaxmifajr pnfoma&;eJY
jynf&Gmat;zdkY apmihfxdef;rSm?
xdef;...rSm? xdef;...rSm/ /
a&eHYomarmifausmfñGefY
61/ &Gmi,fZeyk'f
&Gmi,fZeyk'f? rD;uav;rdSwfwkwf/
ußGJ? EGm;?acG;? qdwfjrnfoH
([kduvJ 0kwf0kwf? 'DuvJ 0kwf0kwf
[kdu0kwf? 'Du0kwf ......0kwf0kwf0kwf)/
27
t*Fvdyf aw;uAsmrsm;
1. Hello, what’s your name?
[(Hello)3what’s your name?]2
(my name is Pusu)3
(Hello, Pusu)2 Hello
2. Good Morning
(Good Morning to you)2
Good Morning dear my friends,
Good Morning to you.
3. A, B, C, D, …. (1)
A, B, C, D, E, F, G
H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P
Q, R, S, T, U, V
W, X, Y, Z
4. A, B, C, D, …. (2)
A, B, C, D, E, F, G
H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P
Q, R, S, T, U and V
W, X, Y and Z
5. Good bye
Goodbye Goodbye everybody
Goodbye Goodbye see you again
Goodbye John, Goodbye Sue
(Goodbye)2 bye bye bye
6. Tomy Tomy
Tomy Tomy (how old are you today)2
I am five years old
One, two, three, four, five
7. Are you Sleeping
(Are you Sleeping)2 (Brother John)2
(Morning bells are ringing)2
(Ding Ding Dong)2
8. I caught a fish
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Once I caught a fish alive.
Why did you let it go?
Because it bit my finger so.
9. Sunday, Monday
(Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday
Thursday, Friday, Saturday)2
10. One,Two
One, Two, Buckle my shoes
Three, Four, Shut the door
Five, Six, Pick up sticks
Seven, Eight, Lay them straight
Nine, Ten A big fat hen
11. Head & Shoulders
Head and Shoulders, (knees and toes)3
Head and Shoulder, knees and toes, eyes,
ears, nose and mouth.
28
yHkjyifrsm;yHkjyifrsm;yHkjyifrsm;yHkjyifrsm;yHkjyifrsm;
1/ uRefawmfh tarvm;cifAsm1/ uRefawmfh tarvm;cifAsm1/ uRefawmfh tarvm;cifAsm1/ uRefawmfh tarvm;cifAsm1/ uRefawmfh tarvm;cifAsm
[dk;a&S;a&S;wkef;u awmtkyfBuD;wpfckxJrSm opfyifawG ,drf;xdk;NyD; t&GufawGa<uusatmif
avawGwdkufaew,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ awmifukef;jrifhwpfckay:u opfyifBuD;&JU tay:rSm &SdaewJh
iSufodkufxJu Ouav;wpfvkH; usvmw,f/ tJ'D]]O}}av;u awmifukef;ay:uae vdrfhqif;
oGm;w,f/ tJ'DuaequfNyD; opfwkH;wHwm;uae jrpfudk ausmfjzwfNyD; vdrfhoGm;w,f/ ]]O}}uav;u
r&yfbJ jrufyifawGudk jzwfNyD;vdrfhoGm;jyefw,f/ ]]O}}uav;[m jrufcif;jyifudkjzwfNyD; wGif;wpfck
em;a&mufwJhtcg wGif;xJudk vdrfhqif;oGm;w,f/ wGif;xJa&mufwJhtcg ]]O}}uav;[m qufrvdrfh
awmhbJ ,kefav;&JU a&SUrSm&yfoGm;w,f/ ]]O}}uav;[m tufuJGvmNyD; ]]O}}uav;xJu iSufayguf
pav; xGufvmw,f/ [dkMunfh 'DMunfheJY iSufaygufpav;[m ,kefuav;udk jrifwJhtcg ]]uRefawmfh
tarvm; cifAsm}}vdkY ar;vdkufw,f/
,kefuav;u ]]rif;tar r[kwfygbl;/ tay:udk wufoGm;yg/ tJ'DrSmrif;tar&Sdw,f}} vdkY
jyefajymvdkufw,f/
iSufaygufpav;wGif;xJuae ajrjyifay:udk a&mufwJhtcg jrufcif;xJrSm orifav;udk
awGUjyefw,f/ ]]uRefawmfhtarvm; cifAsm}}vdkY ar;jyefw,f/] ]rif;tar r[kwfygbl; qufNyD;
oGm;vkdufyg/ tJ'DrSm rif;tar&Sdw,f}}vdkY ajymjyw,f/
iSufaygufpav;vnf; qufNyD;oGm;vdkufwm opfwkH;wHwm;av;&SdwJh jrpfem; a&mufvmw,f/
tJ'Dem;rSm vdyfuav;wpfaumifudk awGUawmh ]]uRefawmfh tarvm; cifAsm}}vdkY ar;jyefw,f/
vdyfuav;u ]]rif;tarr[kwfygbl;/ jrpfudk ausmfjzwfNyD; oGm;vdkufyg/ tJ'DrSmrif; tar&Sdw,f}}
qdkNyD; ajymvdkufw,f/
iSufaygufpav;vnf; jrpfudkausmfjzwfvdkufwJhtcg arsmufuav;udkawGUw,ff/ ]]uRefawmfh
tarvm;cifAsm}}vdkY ar;vdkufw,f/ ]]rif;tarr[kwfygbl; qufNyD;wufoGm;vdkufyg/ tJ'DrSm rif;tar
&Sdw,f}}vdkY arsmufuav;u awmifukef;ay:udk vrf;ñTefvdkufw,f/
iSufaygufpav; awmifukef;av;ay:wufoGm;w,f/ awmifukef;ay:u opfyifem;rSm
&SOfhuav;udkawGUwJhtcg ]]uRefawmfh tarvm; cifAsm}}qdkNyD;ar;awmh ]]rif; tar r[kwfygbl;/
tay:udk wufoGm;yg/ tJ'DrSm rif;tar&Sdw,f}} vdkYajymw,f/
iSufaygufpav;u opfyifay:udk armhMunfhvdkufNyD; ]]tay:udk qufrwufEdkifawmhbl; wufzdkY
odyfcufw,f}}qdkNyD; ajymwJhtcg ]]rylygeJY ulnDygr,f}}vdkY &SOfhuav;u ausmay:wifNyD; opfyifay:
wufoGm;w,f/ opfyifay:a&mufwJhtcg tokdufxJrSm iSufrBuD;eJY iSufaygufpav;wpfaumifudk
awGUw,f/ ]]uRefawmfh tarvm; cifAsm}}vdkY ar;vdkufwJhtcg ]][kwfygw,f rif;&JUtaryg/ 'DrSm
rif;&JUtpfryg}}vdkY 0rf;omtm;&ajymvdkufw,f/ iSuftaru tpm&Sm&mu jyefvmwJh iSuftazudk
jyNyD; ]][kdrSm Munfhprf;/ rif;&JUtazaygh/ rif;udk &Smaewm/ tckrif;tdrfjyefa&mufvmvdkY tm;vkH;
aysmfaeMuw,f}}vdkY ajymvkdufw,f/
29
2/ qifESifharsmuf2/ qifESifharsmuf2/ qifESifharsmuf2/ qifESifharsmuf2/ qifESifharsmuf
wpfcgwkef;u awmBuD;wpfckxJrSm qifuav;wpfaumifESifh arsmufuav; wpfaumif[m
rdwfaqGzGJUNyD; aexdkifMuw,f/
wpfaeYusawmh olwdkYESpfaumif[m awmxJrSm aqmhupm;&if; Adkufqmvmwmaygh/ 'DvdkeJY
olwdkY[m upm;&if; tpm&SmMuw,f/ vrf;rSm acsmif;wpfckudk awGUwJhtcg qifuav;u arsmuf
uav;udk ausmay:wifNyD; jzwful;vdkufwmaygh/ jzwful;NyD;wJhtcgrSm o&ufyifBuD;wpfyifudk
awGUw,f/ tJ'Do&ufyifBuD;[m o&ufoD; trSnfhawGa&m? o&ufoD;tpdrf;awGa&m trsm;BuD;
oD;aew,f/ o&ufoD;awG trsm;BuD;udk jrifawmh olwdkY t&rf;aysmfoGm;Muw,f/
'gayrJh qifu arsmufudk ajymw,f/ ]]igo&ufoD;awGcsOf&if rpm;csifbl;}}vdkY ajymw,f/
arsmufuav;u ]]pdwfrylygeJY? igtyifay:wufNyD; o&ufoD;awGudk pm;Munfhvdkufyghr,f}}
vYdkajymNyD; tyifay:udk arsmufuav; wufoGm;w,f/ arsmufuav; tyifay: a&mufwmeJY o&uf
oD;udk cl;NyD; pm;Munfhvdkufawmh t&rf;udk csKdNyD; arT;aewm awGU&w,f/
arsmufuav; t&rf;aysmfoGm;NyD; qifudk tm;&yg;& atmfajymvdkufw,f/ ]]toD;awGu
t&rf;csKdNyD; arT;aewmyJuG}} ajymNyD; cl;csay;wmaygh/ qifvnf; arsmufuav; cl;csay;wJh
o&ufoD;awGudk aysmfaysmfBuD; pm;vdkufygawmhw,f/ tJ'DvkdeJY olwdkYoli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf[m
cspfcifpGmeJYtwl aexdkifoGm;Muawmhw,f/
(oli,fwef;oif½dk;tzJGU)
3/ zdk;uJwdk3/ zdk;uJwdk3/ zdk;uJwdk3/ zdk;uJwdk3/ zdk;uJwdkYY YY Y rdom;pkrdom;pkrdom;pkrdom;pkrdom;pk
zdk;uJwkdYrdom;pk[m jrpfurf;yg;u &Gmav;wpf&GmrSm aeMuw,f/ tpuawmh tbdk;? taz?
tareJY zdk;uJwdkY (4)a,mufyJ &SdMuw,f/ ckawmh nDrav;arG;NyD; rdom;pk (5)a,muf jzpfvmw,f/
tbdk;u touftBuD;qkH;jzpfNyD; tm;vkH;u bdk;bdk;pum;udk em;axmifMu&w,f/ nwdkif;
rdom;pktm;vkH; bk&m;&Sdckd;&w,f/ ajcvufaq;NyD;rS tdyf&m0if&w,f/
wpfaeYrSm araru ]]zdk;uJa& .... nDrav;udk cPMunfhxm;aemf/ arart0wfavQmf
vdkufOD;r,f}}vdkY ajymNyD; tdrfaemufaz;rSm t0wfavQmfaew,f/ zdk;uJvnf; nDrav;eJY tdrfu
acG;aygufpav;eJY upm;aew,f/ tbdk;uawmh xrif;pm;NyD; wpfa&;tdyfaew,f/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm acG;aygufpav;[m a&ajrmif;xJ jyKwfusoGm;w,f/ zkd;uJvnf; acG;aygufp
av;udk a&ajrmif;xJu q,f,lzdkY tvkyf½IyfoGm;w,f/ zdk;uJ tvkyf½Iyfaewkef; nDrav;[m av;zuf
oGm;NyD; xGufoGm;wm zdk;uJ rodvkdufbl;aygh/
acG;aygufpav;ukd q,f,lNyD;wJhtcsdef nDrav;ukdMunfhvkdufawmh rawGUawmhbl;/ zkd;uJvnf;
(nDrav;a&)
3
vdkY atmfac:w,f/ arar a& ... vkyfygOD; nDrav; b,fa&mufoGm;rSef; rodbl;
....[D; [D; qkdNyD; atmfidkowJh/
30
zdk;uJatmfidkoHaMumifh tara&m? tbdk;a&m tdrfa&SUudk ajy;xGufvmMuw,f/ zdk;uJu
taMumif;pkH&Sif;jyaewkef; ]]0kef;}}ceJ toHBuD;Mum;vdkuf&w,f/ ]]urf;yg;NydKw,fa[h...uav;awG
tem;ruyfMueJY}}vkdU &GmuvlawGatmfNyD; urf;yg;bufukd ajy;oGm;MuwmawGUvdkuf&w,f?
tm;vkH;vnf; nDrav;twGufpkd;&drfNyD; ...ajy;vkdufoGm;Muw,f/ 'gayrJh nDrav;udkawmh
rawGUMubl; taruvnf;idk ...zkd;uJuvnf; idkaygh/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm acG;rBuD;rdjzLu tbdk;&JUykqdk;udk twif;qJGac:owJh/ tm;vkH;[m tbdk;eJYtwl
rdjzLac:wJh tdrfaemufbufudk vkdufoGm;Muw,f/ tdrfaemufbufu aumuf½kd;ykHrSm nDrav;[m
acG;aygufpav;awGeJY twltdyfaewmudk awGUvkdufMu&w,f/ tm;vkH;vnf; 0rf;omaysmf&TifoGm;
Muw,f/
(oli,fwef;oif½dk;tzJGU)
4/ b,foGm;rvdkYvJ *smabmuf4/ b,foGm;rvdkYvJ *smabmuf4/ b,foGm;rvdkYvJ *smabmuf4/ b,foGm;rvdkYvJ *smabmuf4/ b,foGm;rvdkYvJ *smabmuf
wpfcgwkef;u &Gmom,mqdkwJh &Gmuav;rSm *smabmufwdkY rdom;pk[m v,f,mvkyfief;
vkyfudkifNyD; aysmf&TifpGm aexdkifMuowJh/ *smabmuf touf(5)ESpft&G,fa&mufawmh *smabmuf&JU
rdbawG[m ausmif;wufzdkY &GmrSm&SdwJh rlvwef;ausmif;rSm ausmif;oGm;tyfwmaygh *smabmufvnf;
ausmif;wuf&awmhr,fqdkawmh t&rf;0rf;omae&Smw,f/
ausmif;pwuf&r,fhaeYa&mufawmh *smabmufu eHeufapmapmtdyf&mx? NyD;awmh a&csdK;?
t0wftpm;vJ? xrif;pm;NyD;awmh olUtaz0,fay;xm;wJh vG,ftdwfuav;udk vG,fum olUtarudk
zufNyD; ]]arar *smabmuf ausmif;oGm;awmhr,fvdkY}} ajymum EIwfqufowJhuG,f... olUtar
uvnf; ]]orD; aumif;aumif;oGm;aemf}}vdkY ajymowJh/
tJvdkeJY tdrfuae xGufvmNyD; NcH0a&mufawmh olYa':av;eJY awGUwJhtcg olUa':av;u
]]b,foGm;rvkdYvJ *smabmuf}}vdkY ar;w,f/
*smabmufuvnf; ]]ausmif;oGm;rvkdY}}ygvdkY ajymvdkufw,f tJvdkeJY a&SUqufNyD; oGm;wm
vrf;a&mufawmh oltpfudk0rf;uJGeJY awGUjyefw,f/olUtpfudkuvnf; ]]b,foGm;rvkdYvJ *smabmuf}}vkdY
ar;jyefw,f/
*smabmufuvnf; ]]ausmif;oGm;rvkdYygvkdY}} ajymvkdufw,f/ tJ'DvdkeJU *smabmuf[m
a&SUqufoGm;awmh opfyifBuD;em;rSm olUOD;av;eJY awGUowJhuG,f/ olUOD;av;uvnf; ]]b,foGm;rvkdYvJ
*smabmuf}}vkdY ar;w,fuG,f/
*smabmufuvnf; ]]ausmif;oGm;rvdkYyg}}vdkY ajymvdkufw,f/tJ'DvdkeJY a&SUqufNyD; oGm;wm
awmifukef;ay:rSm v,form;BuD;wpfOD;eJY awGUjyefw,f/ v,form;BuD;uvnf; ]]b,foGm;rvdkYvJ
*smabmuf}}vkdY ar;owJhuG,f/
31
*smabmufuvnf; ]]ausmif;oGm;rvkdYyg}} vdkY ajymvkdufjyefowJh tJvkdeJY a&SUqufoGm;awmh
&GmxJ aps;qkdifu qkdifykdif&Sifta':BuD;eJY awGUowJhuG,f/ ta':BuD;uvnf; ]]b,foGm;rvkdYvJ
*smabmuf}}vdkY ar;owJhuG,f/
*smabmufuvnf; ]]ausmif;oGm;rvdkYyg}}vkdY ajymvkdufw,f/ tJvdkeJYoGm;vdkufwm ausmif;
t0if0rSm ausmif;tkyfBuD;eJY awGUowJh/
ausmif;tkyfBuD;u ]]r*Fvmyguav;a&/ uav;u oli,fwef;uvm;}}vkdY ajymawmh
*smabmufuvnf; ]]r*Fvmygq&mBuD;/ orD;u oli,fwef;uyg}}vkdY ajymvkdufowJh/
tJ'DtcgrSm ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;u ]]oli,fwef;tcef;u [kdem;rSm oGm;vkdufygvkdY}}ajymawmh
*smabmufuvnf; ]][kwfuJhyg/ q&mBuD;}}vkdYajymum tcef;udk avQmufvmowJh/ oli,fwef;
tcef;0vnf;a&mufa&m q&mru ]]orD;a& r*Fvmyg}}vdkY ajymawmh *smabmufuvnf; ]]r*Fvmyg
q&mr/ orD;u oli,fwef;yg/ 'gu oli,fwef;tcef;vm;&Sif}}vdkY ar;vdkufowJh/ tJ'DtcgrSm
q&mru ]][kwfw,f 'goli,fwef;tcef;yJ? q&mru uav;wdkY&JU q&mryg/ orD;emrnf b,fvdk
ac:ygovJ}}vdkY ar;w,f/
]]*smabmufyg q&mr}}vdkY ajymvdkufw,f/ ]]tcef;xJudk 0ifvmcJh orD;a&}}vdkY q&mru
ajymvkdufwJhtcg *smabmufu ]][kwfuJhyg q&mr/ aus;Zl;wifygw,f&Sihf}}qdkNyD; 0rf;ompGmjzifh
oli,fwef;tcef;xJ 0ifoGm;ygawmhw,fuG,f/
5/ ,kefuav; jzLjzL5/ ,kefuav; jzLjzL5/ ,kefuav; jzLjzL5/ ,kefuav; jzLjzL5/ ,kefuav; jzLjzL
[kda&S;a&S;wkef;u jzLjzLvdkYac:wJh tvGefcspfp&maumif;wJh ,kefuav;wpfaumif&SdowJh/
jzL jzL[m cspfp&maumif;oavmuf tvGefrmeBuD;owJhuG,f/ tdrfeD;csif;awGeJYvnf; pum;
rajymbl;wJh/ jzLjzL&JUtdrfab;rSmawmh ndKndKqkdwJh &SOfhuav;&,f? 0wkwfqkdwJh 0uf0Huav;&,feJY
zdk;½IyfqkdwJh arsmufuav;wdkY aeMuowhJ/ ndKndK? 0wkwfeJU zkd;½IyfwdkY[m odyfcspfMuwJh oli,fcsif;awGaygh/
olwkdY[m jzLjzLeJYvnf; oli,fcsif;jzpfcsifvkdY ac:Muayr,fh jzLjzLu jyefrac:bl;wJhuG,f/ 'DvkdeJY
avawGwkdufNyD; rdk;awG&GmwJhwpfaeYrSmawmh jzLjzL&JUtdrfuav;[m NydKoGm;owJhuG,f/ jzLjzL[m
olUtdrfuav; NydKoGm;awmh rkd;a&awGxJrSm 0rf;enf;aewmaygh/ olUtdrfab;rSm&SdwJh ndKndK? 0wkwfeJY
zkd;½IyfwkdYudkvnf; tultnDrawmif;&Jbl;wJh/ 'gayrJh rkd;a&xJrSm jzLjzLidkaewmudk ndKndKu jrifowJh/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm ndKndK[m oli,fcsif;rsm;jzpfwJh 0wkwfeJY zkd;½IyfwkdYqDoGm;NyD; ]]oli,fcsif;wkdYa& ....
jzLjzLUtdrfuav; avawGwkdufvkdY NydKoGm;w,f/ igwkdY oGm;ul&atmif}}vkdY ajymwmaygh/ arsmufuav;
zdk;½Iyfuvnf; ]][m 'gqdkoGm; ulnD&rSmaygh}}qkdNyD; jzLjzLqDudk oGm;MuowJh/ NyD;awmholwkdY oli,fcsif;
awG[m jzLjzL&JUtdrfuav;udk jyefaqmufay;Muwmaygh/ oli,fcsif;tm;vkH;0dkfif;NyD; pkaygif;aqmuf
vdkufawmh jzLjzLUtdrfuav; jyefaumif;oGm;wmaygh/
32
aemufqkH;awmh jzL jzL[m oli,fcsif;rsm;udk awmif;yefwmayghuG,f ]]oli,fcsif;wkdY&,f
igrSm;ygw,f aemufqkdigrif;wdkYeJY cspfcspfcifciftwlwlaeygawmhr,f}}vkdY ajymowJh/ ndKndKuvnf;
]]&ygw,f ...igwkdYu oli,fcsif;awGyJ/ oli,fcsif;qkdwm wpfOD;eJY wpfOD;ulnD&rSmaygh[m}}[k
ajymNyD; oli,fcsif;rsm;tm;vkH; cspfcspfcifcifaeMuwmayghuG,f/
rSwfcsuf / / q&mu ykHjyifajymNyD;vQif oli,fcsif;rsm; tcsif;csif;cspfcifpGmae&rnfhtaMumif;ESihf
tcsif;csif; tultnDay;&rnfjzpfaMumif;udk ay:vGifatmif &Sif;jyyg/
(oli,fwef;oif½dk;tzJGU)
6/ 0ufuav;oHk;aumif6/ 0ufuav;oHk;aumif6/ 0ufuav;oHk;aumif6/ 0ufuav;oHk;aumif6/ 0ufuav;oHk;aumif
wpfcgwkef;u 0ufuav;oHk;aumif&SdowJh/0ufararBuD;u]]om;wdkY awmxJrSm usm;qdk;BuD;
&SdwJhtwGuf owdxm;zdkYawmh vdkw,f/ usm;qdk;BuD;rvmEdkifatmif udk,fhtdrfudk,faqmufNyD;aeMu}}vdkY
ajymowJh/ yxr0ufuav;u aumuf½dk;tdrfav; aqmufNyD;aexdkifw,f/ 'kwd,0ufuav;
uawmh 0g;tdrfuav;aqmufNyD; aexdkifw,f/ wwd,0ufuav;uawmh opfvHk;tdrfaqmufNyD;
aexdkifw,f/
wpfaeYawmh yxr0ufuav;tdrfudk usm;qdk;BuD;a&mufvmw,f/ ]]rif;tdrfudk zsufypfr,f/
rif;udkvnf; pm;r,f}}vdkY ajymowJh/ NyD;awmh aumuf½dk;tdrfav;udk zsufNyD; tdrfxJ 0ifvmowJh/
0ufuav;vnf; tdrfaemufaz;aygufuaeNyD; 'kwd,0ufuav;qDudk xGufajy;oGm;w,f/
'kwd,0ufuav; tdrfudkvnf; usm;BuD;a&mufvmw,f/ ]]rif;tdrfudk zsufypfr,f/ rif;udk
vnf; pm;r,f}}vdkY ajymowJh/ NyD;awmh 0g;tdrfuav;udk zsufNyD; tdrfxJ 0ifvmowJh/ 0ufuav;
ESpfaumifvnf; tdrfaemufaz;aygufuaeNyD; wwd,0ufuav;qD xGufajy;oGm;Muw,f/
wwd,0ufuav;tdrfudkvnf; usm;BuD;a&mufvmw,f/ ]]rif;tdrfudk zsufypfr,f/ rif;udk
vnf; pm;r,f}}vdkY ajymowJh/ tJ'Dtcg 0ufuav;oHk;aumifu ]]igwdkYtdrfudk rif;zsufvdkY r&bl;/
tdrfxJ0ifcsif&if acgifrdk;aygufu 0ifcJhvdkY ajymowJh/ 0ufuav;oHk;aumif[m acgifrdk;aygufuae
usm;BuD;ckefqif;vmr,fh ae&mrSm a&aEG;tdk;BuD; csxm;owJh/ usm;BuD;vnf; ]]igvmNyDaemf}} qdkNyD;
acgifrdk;aygufuae tdrfxJudk ckefqif;vdkufowJh/ tJ'Dtcg usm;BuD;[m a&aEG;tkd;xJudk ]]0kef;}} qdk
usoGm;awmhwmaygh/ 0ufuav;oHk;aumifvnf; usm;BuD;&efu vGwfoGm;vdkY aysmfoGm;MuwmayghuG,f/
(EdkifiH&yfjcm;yHkjyifudk rSDjirf;onf)
33
7/ qmavmifaeaombDvl;BuD;7/ qmavmifaeaombDvl;BuD;7/ qmavmifaeaombDvl;BuD;7/ qmavmifaeaombDvl;BuD;7/ qmavmifaeaombDvl;BuD;
wpfcgwkef;u bDvl;BuD;wpfaumif[m vlawGaewJh&GmrSmvmNyD; aeaew,f/ vlawGuawmh
bDvl;BuD; tckvdkaewmudk rBudKufMubl;/ 'gayrJh bDvl;BuD;rSm wif;ykwfBuD;&SdaewmrdkY olUudk
aMumuf&GHHUaeMuwmaygh/
bDvl;BuD;[m tvGefYtvGefqmavmifwwfw,fwJh/ aeYwddkif;aeYwdkif; olpm;zdkY pm;p&mtwGuf
&Gmom;awGudk[def;a[mufNyD; &Smcdkif;aewmyJ/ &Gmom;awG[m bDvl;BuD;pdwfqdk;rSmudk aMumufMuawmh
bDvl;BuD;vdkcsifwm rSeforQ tajy;tvTm;&Smay;MuowJhuG,f/
bDvl;BuD;[m &GmxJrSmaevmwm wpfESpfausmfMumvmwmayghuG,f/ wpfaeYrSmawmh bDvl;BuD;
[m tdyff&mu Edk;vmNyD; qmavmifwJhtwGuf xkH;pHtwdkif; [def;a[mufNyD; cdkif;awmhwmaygh/ ]]ig
xrif;pm;csifw,f xrif;,lvmcJh r,lvmcJh&if ighwif;ykwfeJY eifwdkYudk xkypfvdkufr,f}}vdkY [def;a[muf
owJh/ vlawG[m tajy;tvTm;eJY qefawG&SmazGNyD; bDvl;BuD;udk xrif; t0auR;&wmayghuG,f/
aemufwpfaeYrSmawmh bDvl;BuD;u ]]ig Muufom;[if;pm;csifw,f? Muufom;[if; ,lvmcJh
r,lvmcJh&if ighwif;ykwfeJY xkypfvdkufr,fvdkY}} [def;a[mufjyefowJh/ vlawGu tajy;tvTm;eJY
Muufom;awG&SmazGNyD; bDvl;BuD;udk Muufom;[if; t0auR;arG;&wmayghuG,f/
aemufwpfaeYrSmawmh ]]ig vufzuf&nfaomufcsifw,f vufzuf&nf,lvmcJh r,lvmcJh&if
ighwif;ykwfeJY eifwdkYudk xkypfvdkufr,f}}vdkY xyfNyD; [def;a[mufjyefowJh/ vlawG[m tajy;tvTm;eJY
vufzuf&nfawGudk azsmfNyD; bDvl;BuD;udk vufzuf&nf t0wdkufMu&jyefw,f/
aemufwpfaeYrSmawmh ]]ig ysm;&nf vdkcsifw,f? ysm;&nf,lvmcJh r,llvmcJh&if ighwif;ykwfeJY
eifwdkYudk xkypfvdkufr,f}}vdkY [def;a[mufjyefowJh/ vlawG[m ysm;&nfudk ae&mtESHU tajy;tvTm;
&SmMuwmayghuG,f 'gayrJh b,frSmrS &SmrawGUMubl;wJh/
tJ'DtcgrSm bDvl;BuD;u]] ig ysm;&nfvdkcsifw,f? ysm;&nf ,lvmcJh r,llvmcJh&if ighwif;ykwfeJY
eifwdkYudk xkypfvdkufr,f}}vdkY xyfNyD; [def;a[mufjyefw,f/
vlawGu ysm;&nfudk xyfNyD; tajy;tvTm; &SmazGayrJh b,frSmrS &SmvdkY r&bl;wJhuG,f/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm rdef;uav;wpfa,mufu ]]ysm;&nf&SdwJh ae&mudk uRefrodw,f}}vdkYajymNyD; &Gmom;
tcsKdUudk awmxJu ysm;tkH&SdwJhae&mudk ac:aqmifoGm;w,f/
olwdkYf[m ysm;tkHudk aoaocsmcsm cGmNyD; bDvl;BuD;qDudk ,lcJhMuwmayghuG,f/ bDvl;BuD;
qDvnf;a&mufa&m ]]'DrSm rif;twGuf ysm;&nf&NyD}}vdkY &Gmom;awGu ajymw,f bDvl;BuD;u ]]'g
ysm;&nfrS r[kwfbJ}}vdkYajymNyD; olUwif;ykwfBuD;eJY ysm;tkHudk xkypfvdkufw,f/
tJ'DtcgrSm ysm;tkHxJu ysm;awGxGufvmNyD; bDvl;BuD;qDudk ysHvmMuw,f/ bDvl;BuD;uvnf;
xGufajy;wmaygh/ ysm;awGuvnf; bDvl;BuD;aemufudkvdkufNyD; wkyfMuwmaygh/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD;
bDvl;BuD;udk &GmrSm aemufxyfb,fawmhrS rawGUMu&awmhbl;wJhuG,f/
34
8/ txnfonf8/ txnfonf8/ txnfonf8/ txnfonf8/ txnfonf
wpfcgwkef;u txnfonfwpfa,muf[m wd& pämefawGaewJh &Gmudk a&mufvmw,f/
olUrSma&mif;zdkY txnfawG trsm;BuD;ygvmvdkY txnfxkyfBuD;udk xrf;vmawmh av;aewmayghuG,f/
,kefuav;eJY <uufuav; oli,fcsif; 2 a,muf[m ausmif;oGm;Mu&if; vrf;rSm txnfonfudk
awGUMuw,f/ ,kefuav;u ]]OD;av;rSm tuÐstjzLeJY ausmif;pdrf;puwfygvm;}}vdkY ar;w,f/ txnf
onfu ]]&Sdygw,f/ 'DrSmyg}} qdkNyD; ay;vdkufw,f/ <uufuav;u ]]bavmuftuÐseJY vHkjcnf
t0ga&mifa&mygvm;}}vkdY ar;w,f/ txnfonfu ]]&Sdygw,f/ 'DrSmyg}}qdkNyD; ay;vdkufw,f/ olwdkYu
txnfzdk; ydkufqHay;vdkufawmh txnfonfuvnf; ]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}qdkNyD; xGufoGm;w,f/
qifeJYarsmuf[mvnf; abmvHk;uef&if; txnfonfudk awGUvdkufMuw,f/ olwdkY 2 aumif
[mvnf; abmvHk;uef&if0wfzdkY t0wftpm; vdkcsifaeMuw,f/ tJ'geJY arsmufu ]]OD;av;rSm wD&SyfeJY
abmif;bDwdkawGygvm;}} vdkY vSrf;ar;vdkufw,f/ qifuvnf; ]]uRefawmfu 0w,f/ wD&SyfyGyGBuD;eJY
abmif;bDwdk BuD;BuD;yg&JUvm;}}vdkY xyfar;vdkufw,f/ txnfonfu ]]&Sdygw,f? 'DrSmyg}}vdkY qdkNyD;
&Smay;vdkufw,f/ txnfzdk; ydkufqHay;vdkufawmh txnfonfu ]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}qdkNyD;
qufxGufoGm;w,f/
0uf0HeJY a>rwdkYvnf; awmifay:udk wufzdkY taEG;xnfawG vdkcsifaeMuw,f/ txnfonfeJY
vrf;rSmawGUawmh 0uf0Hu ]]OD;av;rSm ukwftuÐs? abmif;bD&SnfeJY OD;xkyfawGygvmvm;}}vdkY
ar;vdkufw,f/ txnfonfu ]]&Sdygw,f/ 'DrSmyg/ bmta&mifvdkcsifvJ}}vdkY ar;w,f/ 0uf0Hu
]]tndKa&mif ukwftuÐseJY teufa&mif abmif;bD&Snf vdkcsifw,f}}vdkY ajymw,f/ txnfonfu
&Smay;vdkufawmh ydkufqHay;vdkufw,f/ a>ru]]uRefawmfu t&yf&SnfNyD; ydefawmh &Snf&Snfao;ao;
tuÐs rygbl;vm;}}vdkY ar;w,f/ txnfonfu ]]&Sdygw,f/ 'DrSmyg}}qdkNyD; &SnfNyD;ao;wJh taEG;xnfudk
ay;vdkufw,f/ a>ru ydkufqHay;vdkufw,f/ txnfonfu ]]aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}vdkY ajymNyD;
xGufoGm;w,f/
'DvdkeJYtxnfonfvnf; tJ'D&GmuxGufvmawmh txnfawGtrsm;BuD; a&mif;vdkuf&awmh
txkyfBuD;vnf; ayghoGm;NyD; odyfaysmfoGm;awmhw,f/
9/ aps;9/ aps;9/ aps;9/ aps;9/ aps;
OD;armifBuD;[m aps;xJrSm ypönf;awGo,fykd;ay;wJh tvkyform;wpfa,mufjzpfw,f/
wpfaeYrSm aps;0,folawGpnfum;wJhtcsdefjzpfwJhtwGuf vlawG wdk;a0SYoGm;vmaeMuw,f/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm OD;armifBuD;u rkefU[if;cg;[if;&nfawG tjynhfxnfhxm;wJh ykH;BuD;ESpfykH;udk vufwpfzuf
pDrSm qJGNyD;(enf;enf;avmufz,fay;yg)
2
vkdUatmfNyD;oGm;aew,f/ aps;0,folawGuvnf; z,fay;
Muwmaygh/
35
aps;0,folta':BuD;wpfa,mufuawmh ]]udk,fhbmomvGwfatmif a&Smifaygh/ rz,fay;Edkif
ygbl;}}qkdNyD; vrf;rz,fay;bl;/ OD;armifBuD;uvnf; vGwfatmif a&SmifNyD;oGm;wmawmif tJ'D
ta':BuD;ukd ykH;eJYwkdufrdoGm;awmhw,f/ [if;&nfawGta':BuD;&JU vkHcsnfudkayukefw,f/ tJ'Dtcg
ta':BuD;u t&rf;pdwfqdk;oGm;NyD; ]]ighvkHcsnfawG ayukefNyD? tavsmfay;&r,f? eifhudkaps;vlBuD;awGeJY
wdkifr,f}}vkdY ajymw,f/
OD;armifBuD;uawmh ]]rawmfvdkYygAsm? pdwfrqdk;ygeJY}}vdkY awmif;yefw,f/ olUta&SUrSm uav;
csDxm;wJh rdef;rwpfa,mufudk awGUawmh OD;armifBuD;u ]]enf;enf;avmuf z,fay;MuygcifAsm}}vdkY
atmfNyD; rwdkufrdatmif renf;a&SmifoGm;&w,f/ 'DvdkeJY olydkY&r,fhqdkifudk a&mufawmh yHk; 2 yHk;udk
csvdkufwJhtcg qdkif&JUaxmifhem;rSm ydkufqHtdwfwpftdwfudk awGUvdkufw,f/ tJ'geJY OD;armifBuD;u
aps;½Hk;cef;u vlBuD;awGqDrSm oGm;tyfzdkY xGufcJhw,f/ ½Hk;cef;rSm olUudk pdwfqdk;NyD; wdkifr,fqdkwJh
ta':BuD;udk awGU&w,f/ ta':BuD;u ydkufqHtdwfaysmufvdkY vmtaMumif;Mum;wm jzpfw,f/
OD;armifBuD;u ydkufqHtdwfwpftdwf aumuf&vdkY vmtyfwJhtaMumif; ajymvdkufawmh ta':BuD;vnf;
olUydkufqH tddwfudk awGUvdkufw,f/ ta':BuD;vnf; olUydkufqHtdwfudk jyef&vdkY t&rf;0rf;omNyD;
OD;armifBuD;udk aus;Zl;wifaMumif; ajymvdkufw,f/
(oli,fwef;oif½dk;tzJGU)
10/ nDñGwfMuygpdk Y10/ nDñGwfMuygpdk Y10/ nDñGwfMuygpdk Y10/ nDñGwfMuygpdk Y10/ nDñGwfMuygpdk Y
wpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm pmoifausmif;av;&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dpmoifausmif;av;[m acsmif;&JU
wpfzufurf;rSm&SdNyD; ausmif;olausmif;om;awG[m opfom;wHwm;av;udkjzwfNyD; ausmif;oGm;
Mu&w,f/
wpfaeYrSm oli,fwef;pmoifcef;udk ausmif;om;opfokH;a,muf a&mufvmw,f/ ausmif;om;
wpfa,mufrSm wjcm;olawGxufydkBuD;wJh ESmacgif;tBuD;BuD;&SdowJh/ aemufausmif;om;wpfa,muf
rSmawmh wjcm;olawGxufydkBuD;wJh em;&GuftBuD;BuD;&SdNyD; aemufqkH;ausmif;om;rSmawmh vuf0g;
tBuD;BuD;&SdowJh/
aeYv,fupm;csdefa&mufwJhtcg upm;uGif;udkoGm;Muw,f/ upm;uGif;udk a&mufwJhtcg
twef;azmfawGu armifESmacgif;BuD;udk rif;ESmacgif;utBuD;BuD;yJ? igwdkYeJYvmrupm;eJYvdkY ajymowJh/
aemufwpfcg armifem;&GufBuD;udkvnf; rif;em;&GufutBuD;BuD;yJ? igwdkYeJUvmrupm;eJYvdkYajymowJh/
tJ'DvdkyJ armifvuf0g;BuD;udkvnf; rif;vuf0g;u tBuD;BuD;yJ? igwdkYeJYvmrupm;eJYvdkY ajymowJh/
twef;azmfawGu twlwlupm;zdkY vufrcHwJhtwGuf olwdkY 3 a,muf[m pdwfnpfaeMu
wmaygh/ wpfaeYrSm ausmif;rqif;cif avawGrdk;awGBuD;NyD; ausmif;olausmif;om;awG jzwfoGm;aeus
wHwm;av;[m usKd;NyD; a&xJudkarsmygoGm;owJh/ ausmif;olausmif;om;awG tdrfudkjyefzdkY tcufawGU
aeawmhwmayghuG,f/ acsmif;udkjzwfzdkY avS&SdayrJhvnf; avSrSm taygufawG&Sdaeawmh b,folrS
rokH;&JMubl;/
36
tJ'DtcsdefrSm armifESmacgif;BuD;? armifem;&GufBuD;eJU armifvuf0g;BuD;wdkYu rif;wdkYtm;vkH;
tdrfjyefEdkifatmif igwdkYulnDay;r,fvdkYajymNyD; oli,fcsif;awGudk avSay:wufcdkif;vkdufw,f/
tm;vkH;avSay:a&mufwJhtcg armifvuf0g;BuD;u olUvuf0g;BuD;udkokH;NyD; avSudk tjyif;
txef avSmfcwfw,f/ ausmif;olausmif;om;awGuvnf; avSxJudk 0ifvmwJha&awGudk twlwl
cyfxkwfMuw,f/ armifESmacgif;BuD;u olU&J UESyfacs;awGeJY avSaygufawGudk vdkufydwfw,f/
armifem;&GufBuD;uvnf; olU&JUem;&GufBuD;eJY vdk&ma&mufatmif &GufvTifhay;w,f/
aemufqkH;awmh tm;vkH;tqifajypGmeJY wpfzufurf;udk a&mufoGm;Muw,f/ ausmif;ol
ausmif;om;awGu armifESmacgif;BuD;? armifem;&GufBuD;eJY armifvuf0g;BuD;wdkYudk aus;Zll;wifMuNyD;
nDñGwfjcif;&JU tusdK;aus;Zl;udk em;vnfoabmaygufoGm;Muw,f/
(oli,fwef;oif½dk;tzJGU)
11/ qmavmifaeaom claumifav;11/ qmavmifaeaom claumifav;11/ qmavmifaeaom claumifav;11/ qmavmifaeaom claumifav;11/ qmavmifaeaom claumifav;
vomNyD; wdwfqdwfwJh nwpfnrSm jzLazG;aewJh Oav;wpfvHk;udk opf&Gufwpf&Gufay:rSm
awGU&w,f/
'DvdkeJY reufrdk;vif;NyD; aexGufvmwJhtcsdefrSm opf&Gufay:rSm&SdaewJh Ouav;xJuae
claumifao;ao;av;wpfaumif xGufvmw,f/
tjyifudk a&mufvmwJh claumifuav;[m wjznf;jznf; opfudkif;ay:rSm wGm;oGm;&if;
[dk[dk'D'D vdkufMunfhwmaygh/ aeYv,fydkif;udk a&mufwJhtcgrSmawmh claumifuav;[m tpm&SmxGuf
wmayghuG,f/
we*FaEGaeYrSm claumifav;[m oabFmoD;tBuD;BuD;wpfvkH;udkawGUNyD; azmufpm;vdkufw,f/
wevFmaeYrSmawmh rif;uGwfoD;ESpfvkH;udk claumifav;u xyfpm;vdkkufjyefw,f/
t*FgaeYa&mufwJhtcg vdar®mfoD;okH;vkH;udkawGUawmh tukefpm;vkdufao;w,f/
Ak'[l;aeYrSm yef;oD;av;vkH;udk awGUawmh tukefpm;vdkufjyefw,f/
claumifav;[m Mumoyaw;aeYrSm o&ufoD;ig;vkH;udkawGUawmh tukefvkH;xyfpm;vdkuf
jyefw,f/
aomMumaeYrSmawmh t&rf;qmavmifaewJhtwGuf iSufaysmoD;wpfvkH;? a&cJrkefYwpfck?
pawmfb,f&DoD;wpfvkH;? rkefvmOwpfO? z&JoD;wpfpdwfeJY c&rf;csOfoD;wpfvkH;? ajymif;zl;wpfzl;?
½kH;ywDoD;wpfawmifh? oMum;oD;wpfvkH;eJY emewfoD;wpfvkH;udk pm;vkdufNyD;awmh ....
Adkufrjynfhao;wJhclaumifav;[m paeaeYrSm opf&Gufpdrf;BuD;wpf&Gufudkyg xyfpm;ypf
vdkufw,f/
tckawmh claumifav;[m Adkufrqmawmhbl;? claumiftBuD;BuD;wpfaumifjzpfoGm;NyD/
claumifav;[m Adkufvnf;jynfhoGm;wJhtwGuf olU&JUtdwfxJrSm jyefNyD;tdyfaysmfoGm;w,fwJh/
NyD;awmhtdyf&mu Edk;vmwJhtcg claumifav;[m vSywJhvdyfjymBuD;wpfaumif jzpfvmwm
ayghuG,f/
37
12/ pum;enf;í tvkyfvkyfaom yifhulav;12/ pum;enf;í tvkyfvkyfaom yifhulav;12/ pum;enf;í tvkyfvkyfaom yifhulav;12/ pum;enf;í tvkyfvkyfaom yifhulav;12/ pum;enf;í tvkyfvkyfaom yifhulav;
wpfcgwkef;u aerif;BuD;xGufvmNyD; avawGwdkufaewJh eHeufcif;av;rSmayghuG,f/ yifhulav;
wpfaumif[m aveJYtwl vGifhygvmNyD; arG;jrLa&; NcHwpfNcH&JU NcHpnf;½kd;tem;udk usoGm;w,f/ tJ'D
NcHpnf;½dk;rSm yifhulav;[m olU&JUtdrfudk ydkufuGefykHpHrsdK; pwif&ufvkyfawmhw,f/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm jrif;wpfaumifa&mufvmNyD; ][D; [D;... jrif;pD;rvm;}vkdY ar;w,f/
yifhulav;u bmrQjyefrajymbJ olU&JUtdrfudk qufNyD; &ufvkyfaew,f/ tJ'Daemuf EGm;rBuD;
a&mufvmNyD; ]bGwftJ bGwftJ ...jrufpdrf;pdrf;eJU aumuf½kd;pm;rvm;}vdkY ar;jyefw,f/ yifhulav;u
bmrQjyefrajymbJ olU&JUtdrfudkyJ qufNyD;&ufvkyfaew,f/ tJ'Daemuf odk;wpfaumif a&mufvmNyD;
]tJ tJ tJ ......jrufcif;pdrf;pdrf;&SdwJhqDudk vdkufrvm;}qdkNyD; vmar;jyefw,f/ yifhulav;u
bmrQjyefrajymbJ olU&JUtdrfudkyJ qufNyD;&ufvkyfaew,f/ tJ'Daemuf qdwfwpfaumif a&mufvmNyD;
]yJ yJ...uGif;jyifrSm oGm;ckef&atmifvdkufrvm;}qdkNyD; vmar;jyefw,ff/ yifhulav;u bmrQ
jyefrajymbJ olU&JUtdrfudkyJ qufNyD;&ufvkyfaew,f/ tJ'Daemuf 0ufrBuD;a&mufvmNyD; ]iGwf iGwf
iGwf... uRefrwdkYeJYtwl &THUAGufvl;&atmif}qdkNyD; vmac:w,f/ yifhulav;u bmrQjyefrajymbJ
olU&JUtdrfudkyJ qufNyD;&ufvkyfaew,f/ tJ'Daemuf acG;wpfaumifa&mufvmNyD; ]0kwf 0kwf 0kwf
... aMumifoGm;vdkuf&atmiff}qdkNyD; vmac:w,f/ yifhulav;u bmrQjyefrajymbJ olU&JUtdrfudkyJ
qufNyD; &ufvkyfaew,f/ tJ'Daemuf aMumifwpfaumifa&mufvmNyD; ]anmif anmif anmif ...
cPtdyf&atmiff}vdkY vmajymw,f/ yifhulav;u bmrQjyefrajymbJ olU&JUtdrfudkyJ qufNyD; &ufvkyf
aew,f/
tJ'Daemuf bJrBuD; a&mufvmNyD; ]*wf *wf *wf ...uefxJa&oGm;ul;&atmif}vdkY vmajym
jyefw,f/ yifhulav;[m tdrfudkqufr&ufawmhbl;wJh/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh olU&JUydkufuGefaxmifacsmuf
tdrfav;NyD;pD;oGm;NyDudk;/ aemufqkH;awmh MuufzBuD;a&mufvmNyD; ]atmuftDtD;tGwf... t&rf;
qdk;wJh 'D,ifaumifav;udk rzrf;csifbl;vm;}vdkY vmar;w,f/ yifhulav;[m NidrfNidrfav;yJ aeaeNyD;
]&Twf}qdk ,ifaumifav;udk axmifacsmufxJ zrf;vdkufygava&mwJhuG,f/ cPMumawmh narSmifvmNyD;
ZD;uGufa&mufvmw,f/ ]uGuf uGuf...'DavmufvSwJh yifhultdrfav; b,folvkyfxm;wmvJ} vdkY
ar;w,f/ yifhulav;[m Nidrfaew,f/ NidrfaerSmayghuG,f yifhultdrfav;NyD;oGm;NyDrdkY ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuf
tdyfaysmfaewmayghuG,f/
38
13/ vl0HBuD;ESifh arsmufuav;13/ vl0HBuD;ESifh arsmufuav;13/ vl0HBuD;ESifh arsmufuav;13/ vl0HBuD;ESifh arsmufuav;13/ vl0HBuD;ESifh arsmufuav;
a&S;oa&mtcg vl0HBuD;eJY arsmufuav;&SdMuowJhuG,f/ vl0HBuD;[m taumiftBuD;BuD;
arsmufuav;utaumifao;ao;av; jzpfw,fuG,f/ wpftdrfwnf;rSm twlaeMuowJh/
b,fae&m oGm;oGm; twlwloGm;Muw,f/ wpfcgawmh arsmufuav;u 'Dnawmh vl0HBuD;udk
usDp,fr,fvdkY pOf;pm;w,fuG,fh/ na&mufawmh arsmufuav;u -
]]vl0HBuD;? vl0HBuD; enf;enf;av;a&TUay;ygOD; uRefawmfae&mrqHhvdkYyg}} ajymw,f/ vl0HBuD;u
a&TUay;vdkufowJh? NyD;awmharsmufuav;u xyfajymvdkufowJh/
]]vl0HBuD;? vl0HBuD; enf;enf;av;a&TUay;ygOD; uRefawmfae&mrqHhvdkYyg}} ajymw,f/ vl0HBuD;u
a&TUay;vdkufowJh? 'DvdkeJUarsmufuav;u xyfajymvdkuf vl0HBuD;u xyfa&TUay;vdkufeJU aemufqHk;rSm
vl0HBuD;[m ckwifay:u usawmhowJh/ vl0HBuD;u t&rf;pdwfqdk;oGm;w,fuG,f/
aemufaeYa&mufawmh arsmufuav;udk vl0HBuD;u igvnf; olYudkjyefNyD; usDp,fr,fvdkY
qHk;jzwfvdkufw,f/ aemufwpfaeYrSm arsmufuav;eJY vl0HBuD;u awmif,modkY oGm;MuowJh/
vl0HBuD;[m arsmufav;rodatmif rD;jcpfudk ,loGm;owJh/ arsmufuav;xrf;wJh oufi,fudk
vl0HBuD;u olU&JUrD;jcpfeJY rD;½dIUvdkufowJh/ oufi,fuwpfqifh arsmufuav;&JU ausmukef;udk rD;u
ul;pufoGm;w,f/ arsmufuav;[m igh&JUausmukef; bmjzpfvdkYylavmifaeovJvdkY vufeJY
udkifMunfhawmh rD;avmifaewmodNyDD; a&xJudk ckefcsvdkufw,f/ arsmufuav;u vl0HBuD;udk ightrSm;yg
awmif;yefygw,f/ aemufqkd&if wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf rusDp,fawmhbl;aemfvdkY ajymvdkufw,f/
tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; vl0HBuD;eJY arsmufuav;[m cspfcspfcifcifeJY aeoGm;MuowJhuG,f/
14/ aMumifESpfaumifESihf arsmuf14/ aMumifESpfaumifESihf arsmuf14/ aMumifESpfaumifESihf arsmuf14/ aMumifESpfaumifESihf arsmuf14/ aMumifESpfaumifESihf arsmuf
wpfcgwkef;u tvGefAdkufqmaewJh aMumifrdwfaqGESpfaumif[m pm;p&m&SmzdkY xGufvmMu
owhJ/ tcsdeftawmfMumtpm&SmNyD;wJhtcg wHcg;yGifhaewJh aMumiftdrfwpfckxJrSm rkefYwpfckudk awGUMuNyD;
pm;zdkYckd;,lMuowhJ/ rkefUudk cGJa0MuwhJtcg wpfjcrf;u enf;enf;BuD;NyD; aemufwpfjcrf;u enf;enf;
i,fowhJ/ tJ'Dtcg ESpfaumifpvkH;u MuD;whJrkefYjcrf;udk &csifpdwfeJY tjiif;tckHjzpfMuowhJ/ olwdkY&JU
jyóemukd ajz&Sif;ay;zkdY ta0;wpfae&mrSm&SdwhJ arsmufwpfaumifqDukd oGm;MuowhJ/ arsmufuvnf;
olulnDEkdifw,fvkdUajymvdkufNyD; jcrf;xm;wJhrkefY 2 ckudk olUrSm&SdwhJ csdefcGifeJY csdefMunhfwhJtcg wpfzufu
tvGefav;aeowhJ/ arsmufuvnf; tav;csdef wlnDatmif vkyfay;r,fqdkNyD; BuD;wJhrkeYfjcrf;udk
wpfudkuf udkufvdkufygowhJ/
39
tJ'Daemuf rkefYudk csdefcGifeJY jyefcsdefMunfhwhJtcg usefwpfzufjcrf;u tvGefav;vGef;jyef
wmaMumifh tJ'Dtjcrf;bufudk wpfudkuf jyefudkufvdkufNyD; 'Davmufqdk&if twlwljzpfavmufNyDvdkY
qdkum jyefcsdefMunfhvdkufowhJ/ 'gayrJh tav;csdefurwlnDbJ wpfzufjcrf;rSm tav;csdef ykdae
jyefw,f/ arsmufuvnf; ]]aMomftHhMozdkY aumif;vdkufwm}}qdkNyD; wpfzufjcrf;udk udkufvdkufjyefowhJ/
tJ'Dtcg aMumifESpfaumifu ]]udkarsmuf&,f usefwJhtjcrf;uav;udkyJ jyefay;ygAsm? tav;csdef
rwlvnf; aeygapawmh}}vdkY ajymMuowhJ/
arsmufuvnf; toHus,favmifpGmeJY ]]rjzpfEdkifbl; rif;wdkYjyóemajz&Sif;ay;zkdY ighudk
ac:xm;MuNyD; tckjyóemajz&Sif;vkdY rNyD;ao;bl;}}vdkY jyefajzvdkufowhJ/ arsmufu nDwlnDrQjzpfatmif
qdkNyD; wpfzufjcrf;udkudkufvdkuf aemufwpfzufjcrf;ukd jyefudkufvdkufeJY rkefYjcrf;av;ESpfck[m
ao;ao;av;om usefawmhowhJ/ aMumifESpfaumifuvnf; ]]tpfudkBuD;arsmuf&,f uRefawmfwdkY
ESpfa,muftwGuf t&rf;yifyef;ygNyD usefwJhrkefYuav;ukdom jyefay;vdkufygAsm}}vdkY xyfawmif;yef
MuwhJtcg arsmufuvnf; ]]aumif;NyD rif;wdkYjyóemudk ajz&Sif;ay;wJhtwGuf ighudk bmay;MurvJ?
eifwdkYrSm bmrSr&SdaMumif; igtukefodw,f}}[kqdkum rkefYjcrf;awGudk tukefpm;ypfvdkufw,f/
ÓPfrsm;wJh arsmufudk aMumifESpfaumif[m tav;jyKMuNyD; ta0;ukd xGufoGm;MuowhJ/
aemufqkH;awmh rdwfaqGaumif;jzpfwhJ aMumifESpfaumif[m tenf;i,f avmbpdwfjzpfrdwmaMumifh
olwdkYpm;&r,fh rkefYjcrf;udk rpm;&awmhbl;wJhuG,f/
vJifoJpmay(½dk;&mykHjyif)
15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ armiftD;uGJeJY rtD;vGifharmiftD;uGJeJY rtD;vGifharmiftD;uGJeJY rtD;vGifharmiftD;uGJeJY rtD;vGifharmiftD;uGJeJY rtD;vGifh
wpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm armiftD;uGJeJY rtD;vGifhwdkY &Sdw,f/ olwdkYESpfa,mufu t&rf;
tD;aygufMuowJh/ armiftD;uGJ tD;aygufvdkuf&if olUem;rSm&SdwJh ypönf;awG aygufuGJukefa&mwJh/
rtD;vGifh tDD;aygufvdkuf&ifvnf; olUem;rSm&SdwJh ypönf;awG tukefvGifhxGufoGm;wmyJwJh/
wpfaeYawmh rtD;vGifhu olwdkYtdrfrSm pyg;axmif;aeMuw,f/ olaxmif;aewJh opfom;
qHkBuD;[m tBuD;BuD;yJwJh/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm armiftD;uGJ a&mufvmNyD; rtD;vGifheJY ynmNydKifMur,fvdkY
ajymw,f/
armiftD;uGJu ]]uGif;jyifxJrSm a&tdkif 2 tkdif&Sdw,f/ awmif 1 vHk; &Sdw,f/ awmif&JU
ab;ESpfzufrSm *laygufwpfckpD&Sdw,f/ *laygufESpfckatmufrSm csdKifhtBuD;BuD; wpfck&Sdw,f/ tJ'gbmvJ}}
vdkY ar;w,f/
rtD;vGifhu ]]a&tdkif 2 tkdifu rsufvHk; 2 vHk;udk ajymwm/ awmif 1 vHk;qdkwm ESmacgif;?
*layguf 2 cku ESmacgif;ayguf? *layguf 2 ckatmufu csdKifhtBuD;BuD;qdkwmu yg;pyfaygh}}vdkY
ajzvdkufw,f/
40
wpfzef rtD;vGifhu armiftD;uGJudk jyefar;wJhtcg rajzEdkifbl;wJh/ tJ'Dtcg rtD;vGifhu
atmfNyD;&,fowJh/ armiftD;uGJ[m tvGef&SufNyD; rxdef;EdkifbJ tD;aygufvdkufwm rtD;vGifh pyg;
axmif;aewJh opfqHkBuD;u jAKef;qdk ESpfjcrf;uGJoGm;a&mwJh/ rtD;vGifhvnf; olYopfqHkBuD; uGJoGm;awmh
pdwfqdk;wmaygh/ 'Dawmh oluvnf; tD;jyefaygufvdkufwm tD;uGJ[m [dk; .. rdk;ay:udk vGifhygoGm;NyD;
bk&ifheef;awmfxJudk zkwfceJ jyKwfusoGm;owJh/
&Sifbk&ifBuD;eJY rSL;rwfBuD;awGvnf; vefYoGm;NyD; b,fvdkjzpfwmvJvdkY ar;owJh/ armiftD;uGJ
uvnf; tD;vGifhaMumifh ol'Dvdkjzpf&wmudk ajymjywJhtcg bk&ifBuD;u tD;vGifhudkyg eef;awmfrSm
ac:xm;owJh/
wpfaeYawmh bk&ifBuD;&JU wdkif;jynfudk &efolawG vmwdkufcdkufMuw,f/ tJ'Dtcg tD;uGJeJY
tD;vGifh[m &efolawGzufudk vSnfhNyD;NydKifwl tD;tBuD;BuD;aygufvdkufowJh/ &efolawGvnf; ESpfjcrf;uGJ?
aumif;uifudk vGifhNyD; xGufajy;ukefMuowJh/
bk&ifBuD;vnf; 0rf;omoGm;jyD; tD;uGJeJY tD;vGifhudk qkvufaqmifawG? &wemawG trsm;BuD;
ay;vdkufowJh/
(vlxkOD;vS\ wdkif;crf;wDyHkjyif)
16/ 'dwf'dwfESifh Muufuav;16/ 'dwf'dwfESifh Muufuav;16/ 'dwf'dwfESifh Muufuav;16/ 'dwf'dwfESifh Muufuav;16/ 'dwf'dwfESifh Muufuav;
'dwf'dwfwdkY rdom;pk[m MuufawGudk tvGefcspfNyD; arG;xm;Muw,f/ 'dwf'dwf[m MuufawGudk
tvGefcspfwmaMumifh aeYwdkif; tpmauR;w,f/ nwkdif;vnf; MuufawG pHkrpHkppfaq;w,f/ wpfaeYrSm
'dwf'dwf[m MuufawGudk tpmauR;aewkef; MuufrBuD;u Muufuav;awGudk uawmf...uawmfvdkY
ac:NyD; Muufuav;awG tvG,fwulpm;EdkifzdkYtwGuf tpmawGacsay;aewmudk ai;Munfhaerdw,f/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm 'dwf'dwf[m ol i,fpOfu olUtar olUudktpmawG cGHUauR;cJhwmudk owd&NyD; olUtar&JU
cspfjcif;udk ydkrdkem;vnfvmawmhw,f/
aemufwpfaeU MuufawGudk tpmjyefauR;wJhtcsdefrSm Muufru Muufuav;awGudk
uawmfh...uawmfhvdkY jyefac:avw,f/ 'gayrJh Muufuav;wpfaumif[m rdcif&JUac:oHudk
Mum;aomfvnf; rdcifxHodkYrvmbJ tjyifxGufoGm;w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm Muufuav;&JU atmfoH
Mum;vdkY 'dwf'dwf ajy;Munfhvdkufawmh pGefwpfaumif[m wpfaumifwnf; xGufajy;aewJh Muufu
av;udk vkduftkyfaewmudk awGUvkdufw,f/ 'dwf'dwfvnf; toHukefatmf[pfum armif;xkwfvdkuf&m
pGefvnf; aMumufvefYNyD; ysHajy;wmeJY Muufuav;udk jyefu,fwifEdkifcJhw,f/
tJ'Dtcg 'dwf'dwfacgif;xJrSm aemufxyftawG;wpfck jyef0ifvmw,f/ rdbpum;
em;raxmif&if raumif;bl;qkdwm od&Sdvmw,f/ tJ'DaeYrSpNyD; rdbpum; tNrJem;axmifyghr,fvdkY
qHk;jzwfvkdufawmhw,f/
(ZkdrD;-csif;yHkjyif)
41
17/ ÓPftajrmftjrif&SdwJh iSufazaz17/ ÓPftajrmftjrif&SdwJh iSufazaz17/ ÓPftajrmftjrif&SdwJh iSufazaz17/ ÓPftajrmftjrif&SdwJh iSufazaz17/ ÓPftajrmftjrif&SdwJh iSufazaz
wpfcgwkef;u iSufrdom;pkav;&SdowJhuG,f/ iSufazaz? iSufarareJY iSufuav;ESpfaumif
&SdowJhuG,f/ olwdkUrdom;pk[m opfyifav;wpfyifrSm todkufaqmufNyD;aeowJh/ olwdkYrdom;pk[m
odyfudkaysmf&TifMuw,f/ aysmf&TifrIawGeJY jynfhaewJhrdom;pkaygh/
wpfaeYrSmawmh olwdkUtodkufaqmufwJh opfyif&JUyifpnfem;udk tifrwefBuD;wJh a>rBuD;
wpfaumifvmowJh/ wjznf;jznf;eJU opfyifay: wufvmw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm iSufuav;awG[m odyfudk
aMumufvefYaeMuw,f/ iSufazazeJY iSufararuvnf; t&rf;pdk;&drfaeMuw,f/ b,fvdkvkyf&if
aumif;rvJvdkY tBuHxkwfMuw,f/ 'DvdkeJY iSufazaz[m [dk;ta0;BuD;udk ysHoef;oGm;owJh/ NyD;awmh
teDa&mifopf&Gufuav;awG ,lvmvdkuf jyefoGm;vdkufeJY t&rf;tvkyf½Iyfaew,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm
a>rBuD;vnf; wjznf;jznf;eJY iSufodkufqDudk OD;wnfvmaew,f/ 'DvdkeJY iSufazaz[m todkufxJrSm&SdwJh
iSufuav;awGudk teDa&mifopf&Gufuav;awGeJY zHk;vdkufowJh/ tJ'Dtcg a>rBuD;[m vefYzsyfNyD;
atmufudk tjrefqif;oGm;owJh/ bmjzpfvdkY ajy;qif;oGm;ovJqdkawmh iSufazaz,lvmwJh teDa&mif
opf&Gufuav;awG[m a>rBuD;twGuf tqdyfjzpfaevdkYaygh/ aemufqkH;awmh iSufrdom;pk[m a>rBuD;&JU
tEÅ&m,fu vGwfajrmufNyD; aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif aexdkifoGm;MuowJhuG,f/
(wefY&Srf;em*yHkjyif)
18/ tBuHaumif;aom Muufr18/ tBuHaumif;aom Muufr18/ tBuHaumif;aom Muufr18/ tBuHaumif;aom Muufr18/ tBuHaumif;aom Muufr
wpfcgwkef;u MuufrBuD;eJY Muufuav;awG awmxJrSm tpm&SmaeMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm
aMumifwpfaumifu Muufuav;awGudkpm;csifawmh MuufrBuD;udk ar;vdkufw,f/ ]]'Dn eifwdkY
b,frSmtddyfrSmvJ}} ]]'DnigwdkYawmifay:rSmtdyfr,fvdkY}} MuufrBuD;u jyefajymvdkufw,f/ nrdk;csKyfawmh
aMumifuolwdkYudk awmifay:rSm oGm;&Smwmaygh/ tJ'DtcsdeffrSm olwdkYu awmifatmufrSm oGm;tdyf
Muw,f/
aemufwpf&uf aMumifu olwdkYudk xyfar;jyefw,f/ ]]'Dna&meifwdkY b,frSm tdyfrSmvJ}}
MuufrBuD;u ]]igwdkY awmifatmufrSm tdyfr,f}}vdkY jyefajymvdkufw,f/ rdk;csKyfawmh anmif ...
anmif...aMumif[m olwdkYudk awmifatmufrSm oGm;&Smawmh olwdkYu awmifay:rSm oGm;tdyf
jyefw,f/ aMumifu aemufqHk;wpfBudrf xyfar;jyefw,f ]]'Dna&m eifwdkY b,frSm tdyfrSmvJ}}
MuufrBuD;u ]]awmifay:a&m awmifatmufa&m oGm;tdyfr,f}}vdkY ajymvdkufw,f/
ntcsdefa&mufjyefawmh aMumifu olwdkYudk awmifay:a&m awmifatmufa&m vdkuf&Sm
wmaygh/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm olwdkYu bl;oD;cGHxJrSm oGm;tdyfvdkufw,f/ nOfheufvmwJhtcsdefrSm Muuf
ti,fqHk;av;wpfaumif[m ]]arar om;om; tD;aygufcsifw,f}}vkdY ajymw,f/ MuufrBuD;u
]]raygufeJY tjyifrSm aMumif&Sdw,f olMum;oGm;&if igwdkYukd tukefvHk; zrf;pm;oGm;vddrfhr,f}}vkdY jyefajym
vkdufw,f/
42
]]om;om;atmifhxm;vdkY r&awmhbl; enf;enf;av; aygufvdkufr,faemf}} ]]at; enf;enf;
av;yJ aygufaemf}} Muufuav;u tD;udk enf;enf;qdkNyD; aygufvdkufwm ]]bkef;}}qkdNyD; bll;oD;cGH
uGJoGm;awmh aMumifuvefYNyD; xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ MuufrBuD;eJY Muufuav;awGvnf; aysmf&TifpGmeJY
tpm&Sm xGufoGm;Muawmhw,f/
(u,m;yHkjyif)
19/ aus;Zl;odwwfaom yk&Gufqdwf19/ aus;Zl;odwwfaom yk&Gufqdwf19/ aus;Zl;odwwfaom yk&Gufqdwf19/ aus;Zl;odwwfaom yk&Gufqdwf19/ aus;Zl;odwwfaom yk&Gufqdwf
wpfcgu yk&Gufqdwfwpfaumif[m tpm&SmxGufwkef; olUtazmfeJY uGJoGm;w,f/ ol[m
tazmfudk vdkuf&SmzdkY opfyifay:udk wufvkdufw,f/ opfyif[m aqG;jrnfhaeNyDjzpfwJhtwGuf
opfudkif;[m ]*Rwf}qdkNyD; ½kwfw&ufusKd;usoGm;w,f/ 'geJYyk&Gufqdwf[m opfudkif;ay:u aejyKwfusNyD;
acsmif;xJusoGm;w,f/ yk&Gufqdwf[m a&eJYarsmygNyD; ]u,fMuygOD;? u,fMuygOD;}vdkY atmfw,f/
yk&Gufqdwf&JUatmfoHudk tjcm;opfyifwpfyifay:rSm em;aewJhiSufu Mum;oGm;w,f/ iSufu
yk&Gufqdwfudk ulnDzkdY olU&JUtodkufudk csDrNyD; a&xJypfcsay;vdkufw,f/ yk&Gufqdwfav;[m iSuf&JU
todkufudk cdkpD;NyD; a&ab;uae vGwfajrmufoGm;w,f/ yk&Gufqdwfav;[m ]aus;Zl;wifvkdufwm
iSufuav;&,f}vdkY ajymvdkufw,f/
aemufwpfaeYa&mufawmh yk&Gufqdwf[m tpm&SmxGufjyefw,f/ rarQmfvifhbJ vlwpfa,muf
[m opfyifay:rSm todkuftopfjyefaqmufaewJh iSufudk av;cGeJY ypfzdkYcsdefaewmudk awGUvkdufw,f/
'geJY yk&Gufqdwf[m ]'DiSuf[m ightoufudku,fcJhzl;wmyJ? igvnf;olUtoufudku,f&r,f}qdkNyD;
tJ'Dvl&JUajcaxmufudk ajy;udkufvdkufw,f/ yk&GufqdwftudkufcH&wmaMumifh tJ'Dvl[m ]tm;}vdkY
atmfvdkufw,f/ tJ'Dvl&JUtoHaMumifh iSuf[mvefYNyD; ysHoGm;w,f/ 'geJYyJ yk&Gufqdwf[m iSufudk
jyefvnfulnDvdkuf&wJhtwGuf tvGef0rf;omyDwd jzpf&awmhowJh/
(ua,m-u,m;yHkjyif)
43
20/ t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJY20/ t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJY20/ t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJY20/ t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJY20/ t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJY
wpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm anmifyifBuD;wpfyif&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DanmifyifBuD;&JU t&dyfrSmwpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm anmifyifBuD;wpfyif&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DanmifyifBuD;&JU t&dyfrSmwpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm anmifyifBuD;wpfyif&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DanmifyifBuD;&JU t&dyfrSmwpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm anmifyifBuD;wpfyif&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DanmifyifBuD;&JU t&dyfrSmwpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm anmifyifBuD;wpfyif&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DanmifyifBuD;&JU t&dyfrSm
oGm;vmolwkdif;u tarmajytyef;ajzavY&SdMuw,f/oGm;vmolwkdif;u tarmajytyef;ajzavY&SdMuw,f/oGm;vmolwkdif;u tarmajytyef;ajzavY&SdMuw,f/oGm;vmolwkdif;u tarmajytyef;ajzavY&SdMuw,f/oGm;vmolwkdif;u tarmajytyef;ajzavY&SdMuw,f/
wpfaeYawmY vli,fwpfpku tJ'DanmifyifBuD;ukdckwfNyD; anmifap;awGukd trsm;BuD;xkwf,lwpfaeYawmY vli,fwpfpku tJ'DanmifyifBuD;ukdckwfNyD; anmifap;awGukd trsm;BuD;xkwf,lwpfaeYawmY vli,fwpfpku tJ'DanmifyifBuD;ukdckwfNyD; anmifap;awGukd trsm;BuD;xkwf,lwpfaeYawmY vli,fwpfpku tJ'DanmifyifBuD;ukdckwfNyD; anmifap;awGukd trsm;BuD;xkwf,lwpfaeYawmY vli,fwpfpku tJ'DanmifyifBuD;ukdckwfNyD; anmifap;awGukd trsm;BuD;xkwf,l
cJhMuw,f/ MumvmwJYtcgusawmY tJ'DanmifyifBuD;[m ajcmufuyfNyD; aooGm;ygw,f/ tJ'DcJhMuw,f/ MumvmwJYtcgusawmY tJ'DanmifyifBuD;[m ajcmufuyfNyD; aooGm;ygw,f/ tJ'DcJhMuw,f/ MumvmwJYtcgusawmY tJ'DanmifyifBuD;[m ajcmufuyfNyD; aooGm;ygw,f/ tJ'DcJhMuw,f/ MumvmwJYtcgusawmY tJ'DanmifyifBuD;[m ajcmufuyfNyD; aooGm;ygw,f/ tJ'DcJhMuw,f/ MumvmwJYtcgusawmY tJ'DanmifyifBuD;[m ajcmufuyfNyD; aooGm;ygw,f/ tJ'D
anmifyifajcmufBuD;ay:rSm yk&Gufqdwfav;awGpkvmMuNyD; opfyifem;rSm vmwJUolrSeforSsukd 0kdif;ukdufanmifyifajcmufBuD;ay:rSm yk&Gufqdwfav;awGpkvmMuNyD; opfyifem;rSm vmwJUolrSeforSsukd 0kdif;ukdufanmifyifajcmufBuD;ay:rSm yk&Gufqdwfav;awGpkvmMuNyD; opfyifem;rSm vmwJUolrSeforSsukd 0kdif;ukdufanmifyifajcmufBuD;ay:rSm yk&Gufqdwfav;awGpkvmMuNyD; opfyifem;rSm vmwJUolrSeforSsukd 0kdif;ukdufanmifyifajcmufBuD;ay:rSm yk&Gufqdwfav;awGpkvmMuNyD; opfyifem;rSm vmwJUolrSeforSsukd 0kdif;ukduf
vkdufMuw,f/vkdufMuw,f/vkdufMuw,f/vkdufMuw,f/vkdufMuw,f/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm vli,fwpfpku pdwfqkd;NyD; anmifyifajcmufBuD;ukd ckwfypfum ]]tusdK;r&Sd?tJ'DtcsdefrSm vli,fwpfpku pdwfqkd;NyD; anmifyifajcmufBuD;ukd ckwfypfum ]]tusdK;r&Sd?tJ'DtcsdefrSm vli,fwpfpku pdwfqkd;NyD; anmifyifajcmufBuD;ukd ckwfypfum ]]tusdK;r&Sd?tJ'DtcsdefrSm vli,fwpfpku pdwfqkd;NyD; anmifyifajcmufBuD;ukd ckwfypfum ]]tusdK;r&Sd?tJ'DtcsdefrSm vli,fwpfpku pdwfqkd;NyD; anmifyifajcmufBuD;ukd ckwfypfum ]]tusdK;r&Sd?
tokH;ruswJh anmifajcmufBuD;}}vdkY usdefqJNyD; ykqdefeJY ckwf? vTeJY jzwfvkdufMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmtokH;ruswJh anmifajcmufBuD;}}vdkY usdefqJNyD; ykqdefeJY ckwf? vTeJY jzwfvkdufMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmtokH;ruswJh anmifajcmufBuD;}}vdkY usdefqJNyD; ykqdefeJY ckwf? vTeJY jzwfvkdufMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmtokH;ruswJh anmifajcmufBuD;}}vdkY usdefqJNyD; ykqdefeJY ckwf? vTeJY jzwfvkdufMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmtokH;ruswJh anmifajcmufBuD;}}vdkY usdefqJNyD; ykqdefeJY ckwf? vTeJY jzwfvkdufMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm
anmifajcmufBuD;xvmNyD; ]]igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;wJYtcsdefawG enf;enf;av;awmif rrSwfrdMuawmhanmifajcmufBuD;xvmNyD; ]]igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;wJYtcsdefawG enf;enf;av;awmif rrSwfrdMuawmhanmifajcmufBuD;xvmNyD; ]]igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;wJYtcsdefawG enf;enf;av;awmif rrSwfrdMuawmhanmifajcmufBuD;xvmNyD; ]]igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;wJYtcsdefawG enf;enf;av;awmif rrSwfrdMuawmhanmifajcmufBuD;xvmNyD; ]]igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;wJYtcsdefawG enf;enf;av;awmif rrSwfrdMuawmh
bl;vm;}}[k jyefajymvkdufygw,f/bl;vm;}}[k jyefajymvkdufygw,f/bl;vm;}}[k jyefajymvkdufygw,f/bl;vm;}}[k jyefajymvkdufygw,f/bl;vm;}}[k jyefajymvkdufygw,f/
]]igY&JUtap;awGukd rxkwfbJ tukdif;tcufawGrckwf&if tNrJpdrf;NyD; igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;Edkif]]igY&JUtap;awGukd rxkwfbJ tukdif;tcufawGrckwf&if tNrJpdrf;NyD; igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;Edkif]]igY&JUtap;awGukd rxkwfbJ tukdif;tcufawGrckwf&if tNrJpdrf;NyD; igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;Edkif]]igY&JUtap;awGukd rxkwfbJ tukdif;tcufawGrckwf&if tNrJpdrf;NyD; igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;Edkif]]igY&JUtap;awGukd rxkwfbJ tukdif;tcufawGrckwf&if tNrJpdrf;NyD; igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;Edkif
rSmav}}vdkYvnf; ajymvkdufygw,f/rSmav}}vdkYvnf; ajymvkdufygw,f/rSmav}}vdkYvnf; ajymvkdufygw,f/rSmav}}vdkYvnf; ajymvkdufygw,f/rSmav}}vdkYvnf; ajymvkdufygw,f/
NyD;awmY ]]t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJYaygY}}vdkY ajymvkdufowhJuG,f/ tJ'DrSmwif vli,fwpfpkNyD;awmY ]]t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJYaygY}}vdkY ajymvkdufowhJuG,f/ tJ'DrSmwif vli,fwpfpkNyD;awmY ]]t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJYaygY}}vdkY ajymvkdufowhJuG,f/ tJ'DrSmwif vli,fwpfpkNyD;awmY ]]t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJYaygY}}vdkY ajymvkdufowhJuG,f/ tJ'DrSmwif vli,fwpfpkNyD;awmY ]]t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJYaygY}}vdkY ajymvkdufowhJuG,f/ tJ'DrSmwif vli,fwpfpk
olwkdY rqifrjcif anmifyifBuD;ukd ckwfrdMuwm aemifw&awmhowJhuG,f/olwkdY rqifrjcif anmifyifBuD;ukd ckwfrdMuwm aemifw&awmhowJhuG,f/olwkdY rqifrjcif anmifyifBuD;ukd ckwfrdMuwm aemifw&awmhowJhuG,f/olwkdY rqifrjcif anmifyifBuD;ukd ckwfrdMuwm aemifw&awmhowJhuG,f/olwkdY rqifrjcif anmifyifBuD;ukd ckwfrdMuwm aemifw&awmhowJhuG,f/
(aigef-csif;yHkjyif)
21/ atmufcsif;iSuf21/ atmufcsif;iSuf21/ atmufcsif;iSuf21/ atmufcsif;iSuf21/ atmufcsif;iSuf
wpfcgwkef;u nDtpfudkESpfa,muf&Sdw,f/ iSufawGaewwfwJh todkufawGudk&SmzdkU awmxJ
xGufvmw,f/ ausmufwHk;BuD;tay:&Sd opfyifxdyfzsm;ay:rSm atmufcsif;iSufwpfodkufudk awGUvdkuf
w,f/ 'geJU tpfudkBuD;u wufNyD; iSufodkufudkMunfhvdkufawmh iSufOoHk;vHk; awGUvdkufw,f/ olUnDu
O,lvmzdkY ajymw,f/ 'geJY OwpfvHk;udk tdwfuyfxJ xnfhNyD; ,lvmw,f/ opfudkif;eJY xdNyD; uGJoGm;w,f/
aemufwpfvHk;udk vG,ftdwfxJ xnfhNyD;,lvmw,f/ 'gayrJh opfudkif;eJY xdNyD; uGJoGm;jyefw,f/aemufqHk;
wpfvHk;udk yg;pyfxJxnfhNyD; ,lvmawmh yg;pyfxJrSmuGJNyD; rsKdcsrdw,f/ csufcsif;yJ atmufcsif;iSuf
jzpfoGm;w,f/ nDav;uawmh idkwmaygh/ tpfudku olUt&dyftwdkif; vdkufzdkYrSmw,f/ aemufqHk;&Gm
jyefa&mufw,f/
olUnDav;&Jh pm;0wfaea&;twGuf tpfudkjzpfwJh atmufcsif;iSufu oGefoifvrf;jyw,f/
aemufqHk;rSmawmh nDu ypönf;Opöm<u,f0wJhtjyif oD;ESHawGvnf; <u,f0vmw,f/ oHkk;ESpfjynfhwJh
tcg atmifyGJvkyfzkdYtwGuf olUnDeJY &Gmom;awGu atmufcsif;iSufawmifyHeJY tNrD;udk awmif;Muw,f/
tpfudkatmufcsif;iSufu apwemxm;NyD; olUnDwdkY vkdcsifoavmufay;vkdufawmh tpfudkBuD;[m
rysHEdkifawmhbl;/ nDu olyGJvkyfwJhtcsdefwGif;omru tpfudkatmufcsif;iSuf tNrD;tawmif jyefpHkwJh
txd jyKpkvdkufw,f/ tarG;tawmifawGjyefpkHvmawmh nDudkEIwfqufNyD; ysHoGm;awmhw,f/
44
'DtcsdefupNyD; atmufcsif;iSuf[m jyefrvmawmhayrJh atmufcsif;iSuf&JU enf;ay;vrf;jy
rIaMumifh csif;vlrsKd;awG[m pkdufysKd;a&;? arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;awGudk vkyfwwfvmMuw,f/
'gaMumifh csif;vlrsdK;awG[m atmufcsif;iSufukd tjrwfwEkd;xm;wJhtjyif csif;vlrsKd;awG&JU
trSwftom;wpfcktjzpfvnf; toHk;jyKMuw,f/
(pD,if;-csif;yHkjyif)
22/ pmemwwfwJh 0uf0HMuD;22/ pmemwwfwJh 0uf0HMuD;22/ pmemwwfwJh 0uf0HMuD;22/ pmemwwfwJh 0uf0HMuD;22/ pmemwwfwJh 0uf0HMuD;
wpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm uav;awG[m vG,ftdwf? avmufpmvkH;? av;cGukd,fpDeJY
o&ufoD;cl;zdkY awmxJxGufvmMuowhJ/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm rkd;onf;xefpGm &GmoGef;vmwmaMumifh tdrfukd
rjyefEkdifMubJ rkd;a&awGeJY awmxJrSm tcsdefftMumBuD; aeMu&owhJ/ tdrfrSmusefcJhwJh rdbawGvnf;
tvGefpdwfylaeMuowhJ/ rkd;uvnf;qufwkdufom &GmoGef;aewmaygh/ rkd;a&awGxJrSm uav;awG[m
t&rf;csrf;vmwmaMumifh tat;rdukefMuNyD; tm;vkH;owdvpfoGm;MuawmhowhJ/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm 0uf0HBuD;wpfaumif[m owdvpfNyD;vJaeMuwJh uav;awGem;ukd a&mufvm
owhJ/ 0uf0HBuD;u owdvpfaewhJ uav;awGukd oem;wmaMumifh uav;awGtm;vkH;ukd olU&JU
&ifcGifxJrSm ayGUxm;NyD; taEG;"mwfvnf;&atmif rdk;a&vnf;xyfrpdkatmif vkyfay;owJh/
reufrkd;vif;vmawmh uav;awGvnf; 0uf0HBuD;&JU &ifcGifxJu taEG;"mwfaMumifh owd&
vmMuNyD; 0uf0HBuD;&JU&ifcGifxJrSm tdyfaysmfaeMuwmukd tvGefthHMo0rf;omMuowhJuG,f/
uav;awG[m t&rf;AkdufqmMuNyD; ikdMuwmayhg/ 0uf0HBuD;u o&ufoD;cl;NyD; uav;awGukd
auR;vkdufowhJ/ uav;awGvnf; tm;yg;w±Muwmaygh/ 'DvkdeJU0uf0HBuD;eJYtwl uav;awG[m
aysmfyg;aeMuowhJ/
aemufaeYa&mufwJhtcg uav;awG&JU rdom;pkawGeJY &Gmol&Gmom;awG[m uav;awGudk
vkduf&SmMuowhJ/ uav;awGuvnf; olwkdYrdbawG&JU toHukdMum;wJhtcg ]]azaz arar}}vdkYk
atmfac:MuowhJ/ rdbawGuvnf; uav;awG&JUtoHukdMum;NyD; uav;awG&Sd&mukd vkdufoGm;awmh
olwkdYuav;awG bmrSrjzpfbJ touf&Sifaewmukd awGUMuowhJ/ tJ'DvkdeJY uav;awG&,f?
olwkdYrdbawG&,f aysmf&TifpGmeJY 0uf0HBuD;ukd EIwfqufNyD; &GmukdjyefoGm;MuowhJuG,f/
(vifoJpmay ykHjyif)
45
23/ vDql ESpfopful;opfyif23/ vDql ESpfopful;opfyif23/ vDql ESpfopful;opfyif23/ vDql ESpfopful;opfyif23/ vDql ESpfopful;opfyif
a&S;a&S;wkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm oabmaumif;wJh EkdeD;ac:trsKd;orD;wpfa,muf&Sdw,f/ olUrSm
om;ESpfa,muf&SdNyD; tBuD;u arG;pm;om;jzpfw,f/ ti,fuawmh EkdeD;&JU om;t&if;jzpfygw,f/
wpfaeYawmh EkdeD; awmif,mutjyefrSm ppfolBuD;ESifhawGUawmh ppfolBuD;u ti,fukdawmh
vrf;avQmufckdif;NyD; tBuD;ukdawmh bmvkdYykd;xm;ovJvdkY ar;w,f/ EkdeD;u arG;pm;om;jzpfvkdY
ykd;xm;w,fvkdYajymwJhtwGuf ppfolBuD;u oabmaumif;wJh EkdeD;ukd rif;tcktdrfjyefNyD; tdrfa&SUrSm
opfyifpkdufxm;yg/ bk&ifBuD;u wpf&GmvkH;zsufqD;zkdY vTwfvkdufvkdY igwkdYvmwm/ 'gayrJh rif;tdrfukdawmh
csefxm;r,fvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/
EkdeD;vnf; tjrefjyefvm&if;eJY wpf&GmvkH;r&Sd&ifighwpftdrfyJ usefaevdkYrjzpfbl;/ wpf&GmvkH;
aus;Zl;eJY igwkdYu touf&Sifaewm/ 'gaMumifh &GmukdulnDr,fvkdYpOf;pm;w,f/ tdrfukda&mufawmh
uav;ESpfa,mufukd odyfxm;cJhNyD; wpfnvkH; awmxJu opfyifawGukd ckwfw,f/ NyD;awmh&GmxJu
tdrfawGa&SUrSm opfyifawG pkdufay;awmhwmaygh/ wpfnvkH; opfyifawGukdckwfvkduf tdrfa&SUrSm
pkdufvkdufeJY EkdeD;wpfa,mufwnf; vkyfaewmaygh/
rkd;vif;awmh EkdeD;vnf;yifyef;aewJhtwGuf oltdrfa&SUrSm opfyifrpkdufEkdifawmhbl;/ ppfolBuD;u
&GmxJukda&mufvmawmh wpf&GmvkH;&JUtdrfa&SUrSm opfyifawG pkdufxm;vdkY tHhMooGm;w,f/ aocsm
vkdufMunfhawmh opfyifrpkdufxm;wJh tdrfwpftdrfawGUw,f/ 0ifoGm;Munfhawmh EkdeD; tdrfjzpfae
w,fwJh/ ppfolBuD;uvnf; ]]'gb,fvkdjzpfwmvJ...}}vkdYar;vkdufawmh EkdeD;uvnf; ]]ppfolBuD;
usef;rmygap? wpf&GmvkH;r&SdvkdY rjzpfbl;/ opfyifrpkdufxm;wJh uRefrtdrfukdom zsufvkdufyg}}vkdY
ajymvkdufw,f/ ppfolBuD;vnf; ]]rif;u wpf&GmvkH;ukdulnDwJhtwGuf rif;ukdqkcsr,f/ bk&ifBuD;ukdvnf;
awmif;yefay;r,f}}vdkY ajymw,f/ wpf&GmvHk;uvn;f EkdeD;udk aus;Zl;wiMfuNyD; aysmfaysmf&Tif&TifeJY
opfyifudk 0dkif;NyD; uMuwmaygh/ tJ'DcsdefupNyD; vDqlwkdif;&if;om;awGu ESpfopful;a&mufwkdif;
tdrfa&SUrSm opfyifpkdufMuwmaygh/
(vDql-ucsifyHkjyif)
46
24/ olrsm;raumif;BuH ab;'Pfxd24/ olrsm;raumif;BuH ab;'Pfxd24/ olrsm;raumif;BuH ab;'Pfxd24/ olrsm;raumif;BuH ab;'Pfxd24/ olrsm;raumif;BuH ab;'Pfxd
wpfcgwkef;u aMumifjzLav;wpfaumif[m tdrfjzLav;wpfvkH;ykdifw,f/ tJ'DtdrfvSvSav;ukdwpfcgwkef;u aMumifjzLav;wpfaumif[m tdrfjzLav;wpfvkH;ykdifw,f/ tJ'DtdrfvSvSav;ukdwpfcgwkef;u aMumifjzLav;wpfaumif[m tdrfjzLav;wpfvkH;ykdifw,f/ tJ'DtdrfvSvSav;ukdwpfcgwkef;u aMumifjzLav;wpfaumif[m tdrfjzLav;wpfvkH;ykdifw,f/ tJ'DtdrfvSvSav;ukdwpfcgwkef;u aMumifjzLav;wpfaumif[m tdrfjzLav;wpfvkH;ykdifw,f/ tJ'DtdrfvSvSav;ukd
qdwfrBuD;wpfaumifu vk,lvkdufw,f/ tJ'DaMumifjzLav;[m t&rf;ukdpdwfysufNyD; ajcOD;wnfh&mqdwfrBuD;wpfaumifu vk,lvkdufw,f/ tJ'DaMumifjzLav;[m t&rf;ukdpdwfysufNyD; ajcOD;wnfh&mqdwfrBuD;wpfaumifu vk,lvkdufw,f/ tJ'DaMumifjzLav;[m t&rf;ukdpdwfysufNyD; ajcOD;wnfh&mqdwfrBuD;wpfaumifu vk,lvkdufw,f/ tJ'DaMumifjzLav;[m t&rf;ukdpdwfysufNyD; ajcOD;wnfh&mqdwfrBuD;wpfaumifu vk,lvkdufw,f/ tJ'DaMumifjzLav;[m t&rf;ukdpdwfysufNyD; ajcOD;wnfh&m
avSsmufoGm;aew,fuG,f/ 'DcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;ukd jcaoFYu jrifvkdufw,f/ jcaoFYuvnf;avSsmufoGm;aew,fuG,f/ 'DcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;ukd jcaoFYu jrifvkdufw,f/ jcaoFYuvnf;avSsmufoGm;aew,fuG,f/ 'DcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;ukd jcaoFYu jrifvkdufw,f/ jcaoFYuvnf;avSsmufoGm;aew,fuG,f/ 'DcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;ukd jcaoFYu jrifvkdufw,f/ jcaoFYuvnf;avSsmufoGm;aew,fuG,f/ 'DcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;ukd jcaoFYu jrifvkdufw,f/ jcaoFYuvnf;
igu,fr,fvkdYajymNyD; tdrfjzLav;qDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm qdwfrBuD;u igYcsdKvnf;igu,fr,fvkdYajymNyD; tdrfjzLav;qDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm qdwfrBuD;u igYcsdKvnf;igu,fr,fvkdYajymNyD; tdrfjzLav;qDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm qdwfrBuD;u igYcsdKvnf;igu,fr,fvkdYajymNyD; tdrfjzLav;qDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm qdwfrBuD;u igYcsdKvnf;igu,fr,fvkdYajymNyD; tdrfjzLav;qDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm qdwfrBuD;u igYcsdKvnf;
&Snfw,f/ tNrdD;vnf; &Snfw,f/ igYtNrD;wpfcsuf vIyfvkduf&if vltrsm;BuD; aow,fvdkY ajymvnf;&Snfw,f/ tNrdD;vnf; &Snfw,f/ igYtNrD;wpfcsuf vIyfvkduf&if vltrsm;BuD; aow,fvdkY ajymvnf;&Snfw,f/ tNrdD;vnf; &Snfw,f/ igYtNrD;wpfcsuf vIyfvkduf&if vltrsm;BuD; aow,fvdkY ajymvnf;&Snfw,f/ tNrdD;vnf; &Snfw,f/ igYtNrD;wpfcsuf vIyfvkduf&if vltrsm;BuD; aow,fvdkY ajymvnf;&Snfw,f/ tNrdD;vnf; &Snfw,f/ igYtNrD;wpfcsuf vIyfvkduf&if vltrsm;BuD; aow,fvdkY ajymvnf;
ajyma&m jcaoFhESifh aMumifjzLav;u aMumufNyD; jyefxGufoGm;Muw,f/ajyma&m jcaoFhESifh aMumifjzLav;u aMumufNyD; jyefxGufoGm;Muw,f/ajyma&m jcaoFhESifh aMumifjzLav;u aMumufNyD; jyefxGufoGm;Muw,f/ajyma&m jcaoFhESifh aMumifjzLav;u aMumufNyD; jyefxGufoGm;Muw,f/ajyma&m jcaoFhESifh aMumifjzLav;u aMumufNyD; jyefxGufoGm;Muw,f/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;[m ajcOD;wnfU&mavSsmufoGm;jyefawmY uPef;BuD;wpfaumifESifhtJ'DtcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;[m ajcOD;wnfU&mavSsmufoGm;jyefawmY uPef;BuD;wpfaumifESifhtJ'DtcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;[m ajcOD;wnfU&mavSsmufoGm;jyefawmY uPef;BuD;wpfaumifESifhtJ'DtcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;[m ajcOD;wnfU&mavSsmufoGm;jyefawmY uPef;BuD;wpfaumifESifhtJ'DtcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;[m ajcOD;wnfU&mavSsmufoGm;jyefawmY uPef;BuD;wpfaumifESifh
awGUw,f/ aMumifjzLav;uvnf; olUtcuftcJukd ajymjyvkdufw,f/ igu,fr,fqkdNyD; qdwfrBuD;awGUw,f/ aMumifjzLav;uvnf; olUtcuftcJukd ajymjyvkdufw,f/ igu,fr,fqkdNyD; qdwfrBuD;awGUw,f/ aMumifjzLav;uvnf; olUtcuftcJukd ajymjyvkdufw,f/ igu,fr,fqkdNyD; qdwfrBuD;awGUw,f/ aMumifjzLav;uvnf; olUtcuftcJukd ajymjyvkdufw,f/ igu,fr,fqkdNyD; qdwfrBuD;awGUw,f/ aMumifjzLav;uvnf; olUtcuftcJukd ajymjyvkdufw,f/ igu,fr,fqkdNyD; qdwfrBuD;
qdDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ qdwfrBuD;uvnf; t&ifvkd<um;NyD; ajymvkdufw,f/ uPef;BuD;uvnf;qdDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ qdwfrBuD;uvnf; t&ifvkd<um;NyD; ajymvkdufw,f/ uPef;BuD;uvnf;qdDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ qdwfrBuD;uvnf; t&ifvkd<um;NyD; ajymvkdufw,f/ uPef;BuD;uvnf;qdDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ qdwfrBuD;uvnf; t&ifvkd<um;NyD; ajymvkdufw,f/ uPef;BuD;uvnf;qdDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ qdwfrBuD;uvnf; t&ifvkd<um;NyD; ajymvkdufw,f/ uPef;BuD;uvnf;
igraMumufbl; xGufcJUprf;ygvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/ qdwfrBuD;vnf; wHcg;zGifhNyD; xGufvkdufw,f/igraMumufbl; xGufcJUprf;ygvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/ qdwfrBuD;vnf; wHcg;zGifhNyD; xGufvkdufw,f/igraMumufbl; xGufcJUprf;ygvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/ qdwfrBuD;vnf; wHcg;zGifhNyD; xGufvkdufw,f/igraMumufbl; xGufcJUprf;ygvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/ qdwfrBuD;vnf; wHcg;zGifhNyD; xGufvkdufw,f/igraMumufbl; xGufcJUprf;ygvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/ qdwfrBuD;vnf; wHcg;zGifhNyD; xGufvkdufw,f/
uPef;BuD;uvnf; qdwfrBuD;&JU tNrD;ukd n§yfypfvkdufw,f/uPef;BuD;uvnf; qdwfrBuD;&JU tNrD;ukd n§yfypfvkdufw,f/uPef;BuD;uvnf; qdwfrBuD;&JU tNrD;ukd n§yfypfvkdufw,f/uPef;BuD;uvnf; qdwfrBuD;&JU tNrD;ukd n§yfypfvkdufw,f/uPef;BuD;uvnf; qdwfrBuD;&JU tNrD;ukd n§yfypfvkdufw,f/
qdwfrBuD;vnf; emvGef;vkdY xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ aMumifjzLav;vnf; olYtdrfudk jyefoGm;qdwfrBuD;vnf; emvGef;vkdY xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ aMumifjzLav;vnf; olYtdrfudk jyefoGm;qdwfrBuD;vnf; emvGef;vkdY xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ aMumifjzLav;vnf; olYtdrfudk jyefoGm;qdwfrBuD;vnf; emvGef;vkdY xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ aMumifjzLav;vnf; olYtdrfudk jyefoGm;qdwfrBuD;vnf; emvGef;vkdY xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ aMumifjzLav;vnf; olYtdrfudk jyefoGm;
&w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; olrsm;udk raumif;BuHwJh qdwfrBuD;[m tNrD;wkdav;jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'DaeYtxd&w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; olrsm;udk raumif;BuHwJh qdwfrBuD;[m tNrD;wkdav;jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'DaeYtxd&w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; olrsm;udk raumif;BuHwJh qdwfrBuD;[m tNrD;wkdav;jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'DaeYtxd&w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; olrsm;udk raumif;BuHwJh qdwfrBuD;[m tNrD;wkdav;jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'DaeYtxd&w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; olrsm;udk raumif;BuHwJh qdwfrBuD;[m tNrD;wkdav;jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'DaeYtxd
qdwfawG[m tNrD;wkdav;eJYyJ ae&awmhw,f/qdwfawG[m tNrD;wkdav;eJYyJ ae&awmhw,f/qdwfawG[m tNrD;wkdav;eJYyJ ae&awmhw,f/qdwfawG[m tNrD;wkdav;eJYyJ ae&awmhw,f/qdwfawG[m tNrD;wkdav;eJYyJ ae&awmhw,f/
(aigef-csif;yHkjyif)
25/ MuufrESifh abmufu,fiSuf25/ MuufrESifh abmufu,fiSuf25/ MuufrESifh abmufu,fiSuf25/ MuufrESifh abmufu,fiSuf25/ MuufrESifh abmufu,fiSuf
[dk;a&S;a&S;wkef;u a':MuufreJY rabmufu,fqkdwJh oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf[m wpfa,mufudk
wpfa,muf awmfawmfcspfcifMuw,f/ tcsif;csif; ulnDMu? twlupm;Mu? twlpm;Mu? twl
oGm;Muw,f/ rabmufu,fu a':Muufr&JU zifu tarG;eDeD? vSvSav;ukd tvGefvdkcsifw,f/
wpfaeYawmh rabmufu,fu ]]a':MuufrBuD;&,f? aus;Zl;jyKNyD;? ta':h&JU zifydkif;u tarG;eDeDBuD;udk
uRefrudkay;ygvm;? t&rf;vSvdkY? uRefreJYqdk tvGefvdkufzufrSmyJ}}vdkY awmif;yef&Smw,f/ a':Muufr
uvnf; ]][m rjzpfEdkifbl;? ray;Edkifbl;? uRefrvnf;vScsifwmaygh}}vdkY jyefajymw,f/ rabmufu,fu
tarG;eDeDav;ukd aeYwdkif;vdkvdk awmif;w,f/
wpfaeYawmh a':Muufruvnf; olUrdwfaqG rabmufu,fukd oem;vmw,f/ ]]uJ...
rabmufu,f? wu,fvdkY rif;ukd ightarG;eDeDay;&if eifu igUudkbmjyefvkyfay;rvJ}} vdkY ajymw,f/
rabmufu,f ]]atmf[kwfNyD a':Muufr? uRefrudk tarG;eDeDav;ay;&if uRefru ta':csufcsif;
rjrifwJh ta':h&JU&efol odef;iSufvmwmeJU uRefr csufcsif;tcsufay;r,f/ uRefru wpfoufvHk;
uif;apmifhay;r,f/ ta':&JU rsdK;quftm;vHk;udkvnf; uRefrwdkY trsdK;awGu apmifha&Smuf
ay;r,f}}vdkY jyefajymw,f/ 'DvdkeJY wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf uwday;Muw,f/ uwday;NyD;
aemufydkif;awmh a':Muufru olUtarG;eDav;udk EkwfNyD; rabmufu,fudk ay;vdkufw,f/
47
rabmufu,fuvnf; tarG;eDeDav; olUqDrSm wyfvkdufwJhtwGuf odyfudkvSoGm;w,f/
aysmfvJaysmfwmaygh? a':Muufruvnf; olUtarG;eDav; ay;vdkuf&ayrJh? rabmufu,f aysmfaewm?
vSaewmudk jrifawmh auseyfoGm;w,f/ aysmfvJaysmfoGm;w,f/ 'geJY 'DaeYxd a':Muufr&JU uav;
awGudk cdk;csDzkdY odef;iSufu wdwfwdwfav; opfyifay:u acsmif;aewmyJjzpfjzpf? rdk;aumif;uifay:u
ysH0JaewmudkyJjzpfjzpf rabmufu,fu csufcsif;jrifwmeJY ]]uwf... uwf...uwf...uwf...}}
eJY toHay;w,f/ toHMum;wmeJY a':Muufruvnf; olUuav;awG ac:oGm;NyD;? vHkNcHKwJhae&mudk
csufcsif;ajy;awmh &efolodef;iSuf vufuae vGwfoGm;w,f/ a':Muufruvnf; rabmufu,fudk
'DaeYxd uwdwnfaevdkY odyfudkaus;Zl;wifw,f/ rabmufu,fuvnf; a':Muufrudk 'DuaeYxd
odyfudk aus;Zl;wifvdkYrqHk;bl;/ rdwfaqGaumif;awG twlwlaeoGm;Muwmaygh/
(r&m-csif;yHkjyif)
26/ oli,fcsif;awG cspfMur,f26/ oli,fcsif;awG cspfMur,f26/ oli,fcsif;awG cspfMur,f26/ oli,fcsif;awG cspfMur,f26/ oli,fcsif;awG cspfMur,f
[dk;a&S;a&S;wkef;u oli,fcsif; oHk;a,muf&Sdw,f/ olwYdk[m awmxJrSm xif;ckwfzdk Y
xGufvmMu&if; awmifapmif;uae avQmNyD; awmifatmufudk vdrfhqif;oGm;Muw,f/ awmifatmuf
a&mufwJhtcg wpfa,mufu rsufvHk;apGoGm;w,f/ wpfa,mufu yg;&GJUoGm;NyD; aemufqHk;wpf
a,mufu cg;ukef;oGm;owJhuG,f/ olwdkYvnf; awmxJudk quf0ifvmMuwm awmpyfem;a&mufawmh
xGefjcpfwpfacsmif;uddk awGUwJhtcg ]]udkyg;&GJU}} u aumuffudkifNyD; xrf;vmw,f/ a&uefem;a&mufawmh
vdyfwpfaumifudk xyfawGUjyefa&m/ vdyfudkawmh ]]udkapG}}u ol&JU yvdkif;xJ aumufxnfhvmw,f/
aemufaeYreuf rdk;vif;awmh &Gmt0ifem;rSm AHkwdkav;wpfvHk;udk awGUw,f/ ]]udkcg;ukef;}} u AHkwdkav;udk
olUyvdkif;xJ aumufxnfhvmw,f/
'DvdkeJY c&D;qufvdkufwm awmtkyfBuD;wpfckxJudk a&mufoGm;w,f/ tJ'DawmtkyfBuD;rSm
bDvl;BuD;wpfaumif&SdowJh/ olwdkYudk bDvl;BuD;ujrifawmh ]]a[h ighydkifeufxJudk ighcGifhjyKcsufr&bJ
0ifvmwJh rif;wdkkYudk igpm;r,f}}vdkU ajymowJh? tJ'Ddawmh ]]udkcg;ukef;}}u ]]r&bl; rif;eJY igwkdY
NydKifMur,f}}vdkU ajymvdkufw,f/ bDvl;BuD;uvnf; ]]aumif;NyD- igEkdif&if rif;wdkYudkpm;r,f}} ? ]]rif;wdkY
Edkif&if a&TawG aiGawG ay;r,f}}vdkkY ajymvdkufw,f/
yxrqHk; ]]bDvl;BuD;}}u ]]rif;wdkYrSm 'DvkdrsdK;&Sdovm;}}vkdY ajymNyD; olUacgif;ay:u oef;
wpfaumifudk ypfcsvdkufw,f/ tJ'Dawmh ]]udkapG}}uvnf; 'DrSmMunhfqkdNyD; olUyvdkif;xJu vdyfBuD;udk
xkwfjyvdkufawmh bDvl;BuD;½IH;oGGm;w,f/ aemufwpfcg ]]bDvl;BuD;}} u ]]rif;wdkYrSm 'DvkdrsdK;&Sdovm;}}vkdY
ajymNyD; bD;wpfacsmif; ypfcsvdkufw,f? tJ'Dawmh ]]udk&GJU}}uvnf; 'DrSmMunhfqkdNyD; olxrf;vmwJh
xGefjcpfBuD;udk ypfcsay;vdkufawmh 'kwd,tBudrf bDvl;BuD;½HI;oGm;jyefw,f/ aemufqHk;tBudrf ]]bDvl;
BuD;}}u ]]rif;wdkYrSm 'DvkdrsdK;&Sdovm;}}vkdY ajymNyD; tD;aygufvdkufwm ]]bl;}}vdkY tus,fBuD;jrnfoGm;w,f/
]]udkcg;ukef;}}u 'DrSmMunhfqkdNyD; AHkudk xkwfNyD; ]]AkH....AHk}}vdkY tus,fBuD; jrnfatmifwD;vdkufw,f/
48
tJ'Dawmh bDvl;BuD; t½HI;ay;vdkuf&w,f/ a&TawG aiGawGudkvnf; ay;vdkuf&wmayhg/ a&TawGaiGawGudk
&NyD; cJGa0,lMuwJhtcg oHk;OD;om;pum;rsm; &efjzpfMuawmhw,f/ &efjzpfMu&if; ]]udkkyg;&GJU}}u ]]udkapG}}&JU
rsufvHk;udkxdk;vdkufwm apGaewJhrsufvHk; jyefwnfhoGm;w,f/ ]]udkapG}}uvnf; ab;em;rSm&SdwJY
]]udkcg;ukef;}}&JUaemufausmudk uefxnfhvdkkufwm ]]udkcg;ukef;}}vnf; cg;jyefqefYoGm;w,fwJY/
]]cg;ukef;BuD;}}uvnf; olUab;rSm&SdwJh ]]udkyg;&GJU}}&JUyg;udk pdwfqdk;NyD; ½dkufvdkufwm yg;vnf; jyefwnfh
oGm;w,fwJh/
]]a[h Munfhprf; wdkYtm;vHk; jyefaumif;oGm;MuNyD
igvnf; rsufvHk;rapGawmhbl;}}
]]igvnf; yg;r&GJUawmhbl;/}}
]]igvnf; cg;rukef;awmhbl;/}}
igwdkYoli,fcsif;awGvnf; &efrjzpfawmhbl; pnf;vHk;nDñGwfvdkY wdkYawGbDvl;BuD;udk EdkifcJhwm
aemufvnf;yJ tNrJpnf;vHk;nDñGwf&r,fqdkNyD; olwdkYtm;vHk; nDnDñGwfñGwfeJY c&D;twlwl qufoGm;
Muygawmhw,f/
(u&ifykHjyif)
27/ vlom;eJY qif27/ vlom;eJY qif27/ vlom;eJY qif27/ vlom;eJY qif27/ vlom;eJY qif
a&S;a&S;wkef;u qifeJY jcaoFhwdkY[m rdwfaqGzJGUNyD; twlaexdkifMuowJh/ wpfaeYrSm olwdkY
ESpfaumif acsmif;xJudk a&aomuffqif;tvmrSm avSSavSmfvmwJh vlom;ESpfOD;udkawGGUowJh/
]udkdkqifBuD;a& MunfhfygOD;? OD;acgif;rnf;wJhvlom;awG ÓPffaumif;vkduffykHkuawmh touf
r&SdSwJh opfvkH;BuD;udkawmifpDD;NyDD; ckdkif;pm;aewmawGU&JUvm;}vdkY ajymw,f/
]awGUygw,f udkjcaoFh&m ..... olwdkYudk odyftxifrBuD;ygeJY}vdkY qdkowJh/ ]iguawmh
pdk;&drffw,f udkqif&m..... wdkYudkvnf; ÓPfqifNyD; cdkif;pm;rSmudk aMumufw,fuGm} 'DvdkeJY a&aomuf
NyD;vdkdkYkY jyefwuffvmawmh awmpyffv,ffawmem;rSm v,ffxGefaewJh uRJBuD;wpffaumiffeJU awGUowhJ/
]awGUvm;udkqif udkuRJBuD;udkvnf; OD;acgif;rnf;wJhvlawGu ESmacgif;rSm BudK;wyfNyD;
cdkif;pm;aejyefNyD/
]raMumuffygeJYJY udkjcaoFh&m ... vlacgif;rnff;&JU OD;acgif;[m ighacs;wkH;avmufawmif
rBuDD;wJh[m.... igawmh raMumuffbl;a[h}vdkdkY qdkdowJh/
]udkqifBuD;a&...'DvlOD;acgif;rnf;awG[m wdkYawGxuf udk,fcE¨mi,fayrJh awG;awm
qifjcifEdkifwJh todynm? ÓPfynmydkBuD;wJhholawGjzpffMuw,f? ollwdkYeJY a0;wJhJh [ddr0EÅmawmudkd
ajymif;MupdkY}vdkY ajymowJh/
49
qifBuD;u ]iguawmh raMumuffbl;a[h ..... rif;aMumuff&iffvnf; ajy;aygh udkjcaoFh
&m...} vdkY ajymawmh jcaoFhu ]iguawmh rae&Jbl; ajymif;awmhr,f/ rif;vnf; owdxm;NyD;
ae&pfyg} vdkY rSmowJh/ 'DvdkeJY wpfaeYrSm vlom;awG[m qifBuD;udk BuKd;awGGeJYzrf;NyD; &Gmudkac:oGm;owJh/
NyD;awmh ,Ofyg;atmifoifMum;ay;vkYd tdrffarG;wd&pämef jzpffoGm;cJhJwmaygh/ wdkif;crff;wD&Srf;awG[m
qiffawGudk v,f,mxGef,ufjcif;? opfxkwfvkyjfcif; ykkcuffqifí ukefypönf;rsm; o,ffaqmifjcif;pwJh
vlom;tusKd;jyKvkyfief;awGrSm tokH;0ifwJh tdrfarG;wd&pämefwpfaumifjzpfatmif arG;jrLavhusifh
ay;cJhMuygw,f/
(wkdif;crf;wD-&Srf;yHkjyif)
28/ qdwfokH;aumifESifh bDvl;MuD;28/ qdwfokH;aumifESifh bDvl;MuD;28/ qdwfokH;aumifESifh bDvl;MuD;28/ qdwfokH;aumifESifh bDvl;MuD;28/ qdwfokH;aumifESifh bDvl;MuD;
[dk;a&S;a&S;wkef;u awmtkyfBuD;wpfckrSm udkBuD;? udkvwf? udkav; qdkwJh qdwfnDaemif
okH;aumif&Sdw,f/ olwdkY[m wHwm;&JUwpfzufurf;rSm&SdwJh jrufcsdKcsdKawGudk pm;csifMuw,f/ wHwm;&JU
atmufrSm bDvl;BuD;wpfaumifaeNyD; wHwm;ay:udk jzwfavQmufwJholawGukd zrf;pm;avh&Sdw,f/
wpfaeYrSm udkav;u ]]udkBuD;eJU udkvwfa&? uRefawmfawmh wHwm;ay:u jzwfavQmufNyD;
[dkbufurf;u jrufcsdKcsdKawGudk oGm;pm;csifw,f}}vdkY ajymvdkufw,f/ 'geJU udkav;qdwfu wHwm;qDudk
avQmufoGm;wmaygh/ wHwm;ay:udk ]]a'guf a'guf a'guf}}eJY jzwfavQmufvdkufw,f/ bDvl;BuD;u
Mum;awmh ]]a[h...ighwHwm;ay:u jzwfavQmufwm b,folvJuG}}vdkY atmfNyD; ar;vdkufw,f/
]]uRefawmf udkav;qdwfygcifAsm}}vdkY jyefajymvdkufw,f/ bDvl;BuD;u ]]rif;ukdig zrf;pm;&
vdrfhr,f}}vdkY ajymowJhuG,f/
]]rvkyfygeJYcifAsm uRefawmfu bDvl;BuD;pm;zdkY ao;i,fvGef;ygw,f/ cPav;ae&if udkvwf
vmrSmrdkY olUudkapmifhvdkufygOD;cifAsm? olu uRefawmfhxuf ydkxGm;wJhtwGuf ykdpm;vkdYaumif;rSmyg}}vdkY
ajymvdkufowJh/
tJ'DtcgrSm bDvl;BuD;u ]]'gjzihf aumif;NyD rif;oGm;awmh}}vdkYajymNyD; jzwfcGifhjyKvdkufwmaygh/
'geJY udkav;[m jrufcif;pdrf;av;qDudk a&mufoGm;wmaygh/
rMumcifrSmyJ udkvwfqdwfvnf; wHwm;ay:udk ]]a'guf a'guf a'guf}}eJY jzwfavQmuf
vmw,f/
tJ'DtcgbDvl;BuD;u ]]a[h...ighwHwm;ay:u jzwfavQmufwmb,folvJuG}}vkdY atmfar;
vdkufw,f/ ]]uRefawmf udkvwfqdwfygcifAsm}}vdkY jyefajymowJhuG,f/ ]]rif;udk ig zrf;pm;&vdrfhr,f}}vdkY
bDvlBuD;u ajymowJh/ ]]rvkyfygeJY cifAsm? uRefawmhftpfudkBuD;udk apmifhvdkufygOD;/olu uRefawmfhxuf
ydkxGm;awmh ydkpm;vdkYaumif;rSmyg}}vdkY ajymvdkufowJhuG,f/
tJ'DtcgrSm bDvl;BuD;u ]]'gjzifh aumif;NyD? rif;oGm;awmh}}vdkYajymNyD; jzwfcGifhjyKvdkufowJh/
rMumcifrSmyJ udkBuD;qdwfvnf; wHwm;ay:ukd ]]a'guf a'guf a'guf}}eJY jzwfavQmufvmowJh/
50
bDvl;BuD;u ]]a[h ighwHwm;ay:u jzwfavQmufwm b,folvJuG}}vdkY atmfar;vdkufw,f/
tJ'DtcgrSm ]]uRefawmf udkBuD;qdwfygcifAsm}}vdkY jyefajymvdkufw,f/ bDvl;BuD;u ]]ig rif;udk zrf;pm;
&vdrfhr,f}}vdkY ajymw,f/
]]zrf;&J&ifzrf;Munfhav}}vdkY udkBuD;qdwfu jyefajymvdkufw,f/ bDvl;BuD;vnf; wHwm;ay:
wufvma&m udkBuD;qdwfu olYcsdKBuD;eJY wtm;0ifa0SYypfvdkufwJhtcg bDvl;BuD;wHwm;ay:u
ajr§mufwufoGm;NyD; a&xJudk ]]AGrf;ceJ}} jyKwfusoGm;w,f/ aemufb,fawmhrQ jyefay:rvmawmhbl;
wJhuG,f/
'DvdkeJY udkBuD;qdwf? ukdvwfqdwfeJY udkav;qdwfwkdY qdwfnDaemifokkH;aumif[m jrufpdrf;pdrf;
av;awGudk tm;yg;w&eJY aysmf&TifpGmpm;MuawmhwmayghuG,f/
29/ arSmfig;uav;29/ arSmfig;uav;29/ arSmfig;uav;29/ arSmfig;uav;29/ arSmfig;uav;
[dk;a&S;a&S;wkef;u tbdk;tdkwpfa,muf&SdowJhuG,f/
tbkd;tdk[m aeYwdkif;jrpfxJrSm ig;oGm;rQm;avh&Sdw,f/ rQm;vdkY&wJhig;awGudk aps;rSm a&mif;zdkY
r[kwfbJ tdrfrSm&SdwJh tbdk;eJUtbGm;pm;zdkYyJ zrf;wmjzpfw,f/
wpfaeYrSmawmh tbdk;tdk[m tvGefxl;qef;wJh ig;wpfaumifudk zrf;rdowJh/ tJ'Dig;av;[m
pum;ajymwwfw,f/ ig;uav;u ]]uRefawmf[m arSmfig;av;jzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfhudk vTwfay;&if
oiftvdk&Sdwm bmrqddkvkyfay;yghr,f}}vdkY ajymowJh/
tbdk;tdkuvnf; ]]oif[m arSmfig;av;jzpfwJhtwGuf oifhudk igvTwfay;r,f igbmrQ
rvdkcsifbl;/ ighrSm tvkHtavmuf&Sdygw,f}}vdkYajymNyD;? tbdk;tdk[m tdrfjyefoGm;wmaygh/ tdrfvnf;
a&mufa&m tbGm;udk olzrf;rdwJh ig;taMumif;ajymjyw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm tbGm;u ]]bmawmif;vdkuf
ovJ}} vdkY ar;vdkufw,f/ tbdk;tdku bmrQrawmif;vdkufygbl;? igwdkYrSm vdkrQ rvdkbJvdkY jyefajym
vdkufw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm tbGm;u ]]uRefrwdkYrSm vdkwmawG trsm;BuD;yJav/ [if;csufwJh tdk;awG
aygufukefNyD/ csufp&mtdk;topfawG vdkw,fvdkY oGm;ajymvdkufyg}}vdkY ajymw,f/ 'geJY jrpfudk jyefoGm;NyD;
]]arSmfig;av;? arSmffig;av; [if;csufzdkY tdk;topfawG igvdkcsifw,f}}vdkY ajymvdkufw,f/
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awGU&wmaygh/
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51
tJ'Dtcg tbGm;u ]]uRefrwdkYrSm vdkwmawG trsm;BuD;yJav? uRefrwdkYtdrfu ao;NyD; tdkaeNyD?
tdrftopfvdkw,fvdkY oGm;ajymvdkufygOD;}}vdkY ajymvdkufw,f/
tbdk;tdku jrpfudk jyefoGm;w,f/ jrpfa&mufawmh ]]arSmfig;av;? arSmfig;av; igtdrf
topfwpfvkH; vdkcsifw,f}}vdkY ajymawmh arSmfig;uav;[m ay:vmNyD; ]]tdrfudk jyefoGm;yg? tdrftopf
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wmaygh/ tbGm;u ]]'ghtjyif bmawGawmif;cJhao;vJ}}vdkY ar;awmh? tbdk;tdku ]]bmrQrawmif;
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tbdk;tdku jrpfudk jyefoGm;w,f/ jrpfa&mufawmh ]]arSmfig;av;? arSmfig;av; ydkufqHawG
trsm;BuD;vdkcsifw,f}}vdkY ajymawmh arSmfig;uav;[m ay:vmNyD; ]]tdrfudk jyefoGm;yg? ydkufqHawG
trsm;BuD; &ygvdrfhr,f}}vdkY jyefajymw,f/ tbdk;tdkvnf; tdrfjyefa&mufa&m tdrfxJrSm ydkufqHawG
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rawmif;vdkufygbl;? igwdkYrSm vdkrQ rvdkbJvdkY ajymvdkufw,f/ tJ'DtcgtbGm;u ]]uRefrudk i,fNyD;
vSatmif vkyfay;ygvdkY oGm;ajymvdkuf}}vdkY ajymvdkufw,f/
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tbGm;udki,fNyD; vSatmifvkyfay;yg}}vdkYajymawmh arSmfig;uav;[m ay:vmNyD; ]]tdrfudk jyefoGm;
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tbGm;udk urÇmay:rSm wefcdk;tBuD;qkH;vljzpffatmif vkyfay;yg}}vdkYajymawmh arSmfig;uav;[m
ay:vmNyD; ]]oifawmif;wmawG rsm;aeNyD}}vdkY ajymNyD; ta0;udk ul;oGm;awmhw,f/
tbdk;tdk tdrfjyefa&mufwJhtcgrSmawmh olU&JU[if;csufp&mtdk;awGvnf; a[mif;NyD;
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tJ'DtcgrSm tbdk;tdku ajymvkdufw,f/ ]]ighrSm bmrQrvdk? tvkHtavmuf&Sdw,f}}vdkY ajymvdkuf
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52
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53
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54
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55
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56
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av;awGeJY u½kPmoufaeMuw,fav/
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ayghuGm}}
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vufyHawmxJuaeNyD; wjcm;wpfae&m &Sm;awmbufudk tvnfusL;rdwJY opfawmufiSufrdkuf
uav;yguG,f.../
a&eHYomarmifausmfñGefY
33/ rqHk;wJh yHkjyif33/ rqHk;wJh yHkjyif33/ rqHk;wJh yHkjyif33/ rqHk;wJh yHkjyif33/ rqHk;wJh yHkjyif
wpfcgwkef;u tbdkk;tdkwpfa,muf[m ollUajr;awGudk tdyf&m0ifyHkjyif ajymjyaew,f/
yHkkjyifrajymcifrSm tbdk;tdku olUajr;awGudk pum;wpfcGef;qHk;wdkif; 0guswpfaMumif;qHk;wkdif; ]]tif;}}vdkY
ajym&r,f/wu,fvdkY vdkufNyD;rajym&if yHkjyifudkk qufrajymbJ &yfvdkkufr,fvdkY rSmxm;w,f/ NyD;awmh
tbdk;u ]]a&S;u v,form;wpfa,muf&Sdw,f}}vdkY tpcsDNyD; ajymvdkufw,f/
'Dawmhem;axmifaewJh ajr;awGu ]]tif;}}vdkY jyefajymvdkufw,f/ wpfcgtbdk;u ]]tJ'D
v,form;[m v,fxJrSmyJ wJxdk;NyD;aew,f}}vdkY qufajymw,f/ em;axmifwJhajr;rsm;uvnf;
]]tif;}}vdkY olwdkYem;axmifaeaMumif; odatmifjyefajymvdkufw,f/ aemufqufNyD;ajymvdkkufyHk
uawmh... tbdkd;u
]]'Dv,form;&JU v,f[m jrpfeJYvnf; odyfra0;bl;wJh}} em;axmifolrsm;u ]]tif;}}
]]'gaMumifh v,fuav;u om,mw,f/}}
]]tif;}}
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]]tif;}}
]]urf;em;rSmu vrkyifvnf; &Sdw,f? vrJhyifvnf; &Sdw,f/}}
]]tif;}}
57
]]urf;pyfrSm trsm;qHk; aygufaewmuawmh udkif;yifawGyJ/}}
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]]tif;}}
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Mum;xJrSm xdk;tdyfMuw,f/}}
]]tif;}}
]]wpfaeYawmh v,form;&JU r,m;u iSufom;pm;csifw,fvdkY ollUa,mufsm;udk ylqmw,f}}
]]tif;}}
]]'DawmhwpfnrSm olUa,mufsm;u uGefwpfvufudkqGJNyD; acsmif;urf;pyfu udkif;awmbufudk
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]]tif;}}
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]]tif;}}
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]]tif;}}
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]]pmuav;u z½l;qdk ysHoGm;jyefa&m}}
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]]tif;}}
]]pmuav;u z½l;qdk ysHoGm;w,f}}
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58
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qdkjyvkdkuf em;axmifwJh uav;u ]]tif;}} vdkuf vdkufeJU...
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(vlxkOD;vS\rGefyHkjyif)
59
pum;xmrsm;
1/ ar; - EGm;EdkYwpfyef;uef wpfjynfvHk;vQH/
ajz - vjynfh0ef;ESifh va&mif
2/ ar; - ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ aeYrSmcGJ? nbufa&mufvQif jyefaygif;csif
ajz - wHcg;&Guf
3/ ar; - olUudk½dkufawmh csmcsmvnf? BudK;udk qGJNyD;idk&Smw,f/
ajz - aMu;pnf
4/ ar; - tOD;vnf;pm; tpmvnf; r0? t&omvnf; r&Sd/
ajz - a,mif;r
5/ ar; - aeYpOfpm;vdkY rukefEdkif? ola&miga&mudkif/ (ucsifpum;xm)
ajz - ZGef;