trSmpm

1/ oli,fwef;q&mrsm;\ t"duvkyfief;wpf&yfrSm uav;rsm;\ bmompum;zGHUNzdK;rIudk ulnD

yhHydk;ay;&efESifhh pma&;pmzwftpysdK;vkyfief;rsm;udk uav;rsm;\zGHUNzdK;rItqifhESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGpGm

pDpOfay;&efjzpfonf/ oli,fwef;q&mrsm;taejzifh bmompum;\ tjcif;t&mrsm;jzpfaom pum;oH

pepf? a0g[m&? 0guszGJUxHk;ESihf toHk;tEIef;rsm;udk em;vnfxm;&ef vkdtyfygonf/

2/ xkdYjyifuav;rsm;\ bmompum;zGHUNzdK;rIwGif yHkjyifajymjcif;? aw;uAsm&Gwfqkdjcif;? pum;xm

0Sufjcif;ponfwdkYonf ta&;ygaomtcef;u@taejzifh yg&Sdjcif;aMumifh oli,fwef;q&mrsm;onf

yHkjyifrsm;? aw;uAsmrsm;? pum;xmrsm;? pum;yHkrsm; ponfwdkYudk us,fus,ffjyefYjyefY vufvSrf;rD&ef

txl;vdktyfygonf/

3/ tqdkygvdktyfcsufrsm;udk twdkif;twmwpfcktxd jznfhpGrf;ay;Edkifrnfh þvrf;ñTefpmtkyfudk

atmufyg&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jzifh jyKpkxm;ygonf -

(1) jrefrmbmompum;pepf\ tajccHrsm;udk em;vnf&ef

(2) oli,fwef;uav;rsm;twGuf bmompum;zGHUNzdK;rIvkyfief;rsm; zefwD;vkyfaqmif

&mwGif rSDjirf;jyKEkdif&ef

4/ þvrf;ñTefpmtkyfwGif jrefrmbmompum;pepf\ tajccHrsm;ESif h bmompum;

taxmuftuljyK yHkjyif? aw;uAsmESifh pum;xmrsm;[lí tydkif;ESpfykdif;yg&Sdygonf/

5/ tydkif;(1)wGif jrefrmbmompum;pepf\ tajccHrsm;jzpfaom jrefrmbmompum;&Sd

pum;oHrsm;? 0PÖzGJUpnf;yHkESifh o&oH? Asnf;oHtwGJtpyf? ta&;tom;pepf? toHk;rsm;aom

pum;vHk;rsm; ponfwkdY yg0ifygonf/

6/ tykdif; (2)wGif bmompum;zGHUNzdK;rI taxmuftuljyK aw;uAsmrsm;? yHkjyifrsm;ESifh pum;xm

rsm;udk azmfjyxm;ygonf/ azmfjyxm;aom aw;uAsmrsm;? yHkjyifrsm;ESifh pum;xmrsm;onf erlem

rsm;om jzpfonf/ rdrdwkdYa'otvkduf toHk;jyKEdkifaom aw;uAsmrsm;? yHkjyifrsm;ESifh pum;xmrsm;udk

tpm;xkd; toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/ odkYaomf uav;rsm;\ touft&G,fzGHUNzdK;rIESifh qDavsmfrI&Sdap&ef?

yHkjyifrsm;udk rl&if;yHkjyif\ ausm½dk;raysmufapbJ yHkajym[efjzifhom ajym&ef owdjyK&rnfjzpfygonf/

7/ þvrf;ñTefpmtkyfonf q&mrsm;em;vnf&eftwGufomjzpfNyD; uav;rsm;twGuf bmom

pum;zGHUNzdK;rIvkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmif&mwGif rSDjirf;udk;um;&efom jzpfygonf/ uav;rsm;\ bmom

pum;zGHUNzdK;rIESifh pma&;pmzwftpysdK;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmif&mwGif þpmtkyfursm;pGm taxmuf

tul jzpfvdrfhrnf[k arQmfvifhygonf/

tajccHynmoif½kd;ñTef;wrf;ESifh ausmif;okH;pmtkyfaumfrwD

rmwdum

pOf taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm

tydkif;(1) bmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;tydkif;(1) bmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;tydkif;(1) bmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;tydkif;(1) bmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;tydkif;(1) bmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;

1/ ed'gef; 5

2/ jrefrmbmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm; 6

3/ a0g[m&rsm; 12

tydkif;(2)bmompum; taxmuftuljyK aw;uAsmrsm;?tydkif;(2)bmompum; taxmuftuljyK aw;uAsmrsm;?tydkif;(2)bmompum; taxmuftuljyK aw;uAsmrsm;?tydkif;(2)bmompum; taxmuftuljyK aw;uAsmrsm;?tydkif;(2)bmompum; taxmuftuljyK aw;uAsmrsm;?

ykHjyifrsm;? pum;xmrsm;ykHjyifrsm;? pum;xmrsm;ykHjyifrsm;? pum;xmrsm;ykHjyifrsm;? pum;xmrsm;ykHjyifrsm;? pum;xmrsm;

4/ u rS t txd Asnf;tu©&muAsmrsm; 15

5/ jrefrmaw;uAsmrsm; 18

6/ t*Fvdyfaw;uAsmrsm; 28

7/ ykHjyifrsm; 29

8/ pum;xmrsm; 60

1

 

þtydkif;wGifyg&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onf

q&mrsm;od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efESifhudk;um;&eftwGuf

omjzpfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;udk wdkuf&kduf

&Sif;vif; oifMum;jyo&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;

r[kwfyg/

þtydkif;wGif yg&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onfþtydkif;wGif yg&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onfþtydkif;wGif yg&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onfþtydkif;wGif yg&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onfþtydkif;wGif yg&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;onf

q&mrsm; od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efESifh udk;um;&eftwGufq&mrsm; od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efESifh udk;um;&eftwGufq&mrsm; od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efESifh udk;um;&eftwGufq&mrsm; od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efESifh udk;um;&eftwGufq&mrsm; od&Sdem;vnfxm;&efESifh udk;um;&eftwGufomomomomom

jzpfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;udk wdkuf½kduf &Sif;vif;jzpfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;udk wdkuf½kduf &Sif;vif;jzpfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;udk wdkuf½kduf &Sif;vif;jzpfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;udk wdkuf½kduf &Sif;vif;jzpfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;udk wdkuf½kduf &Sif;vif;

oifMum;jyo&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm; r[kwfyg/oifMum;jyo&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm; r[kwfyg/oifMum;jyo&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm; r[kwfyg/oifMum;jyo&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm; r[kwfyg/oifMum;jyo&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm; r[kwfyg/

tydkif;(1)

bmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;

2

1/ ed'gef;

jrefrmbmompum;onf wdAufbmompum;tpk0if bmompum;jzpfNyD; wufusoH

(tone)udk rlwnfum t"dyÜm,f uGJjym;onfh bmompum;rsKd;jzpfonf/ pum;vkH; wpfckESifh wpfck

tvG,fwul aygif;pyfum pum;vkH;opfrsm;yGm;EdkifaomaMumifh yl;wGJbmompum;[kvnf;

owfrSwfMuonf/ jrefrmpm ta&;tom;pepfrSm tdEd,a&S;a[mif; tu©&mjzpfaom jAm[®Dtu©&mrS

yGm;vmaom tu©&mrsm;udk tajcjyKxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ tu©&mpmvkH;oufoufudk tajcjyK

a&;om;xm;jcif;r[kwfbJ Asnf;oauFwudk t"duxm;NyD; xdkAsnf;oauFw\ txufatmuf

0J,mwGif tjcm;oauFwi,frsm; NcH&Hum o&oHESifh wufusoHrsm;udk owfrSwfa&;om;azmfjy&onf/

jrefrmpmta&;tzwfudk tpysdK;oifMum;Muonfh oli,fwef;q&m? q&mrrsm;onf jrefrmbmom

pum;\ xl;jcm;onfhtjcif;t&mrsm;udk od&Sdem;vnfNyD; oli,fwef;uav;rsm;twGuf bmompum;

zGHUNzdK;rIESifh pma&; pmzwf tpysdK;vkyfief;rsm;udk pDpOfvkyfudkif&mwGif tqdkyg xl;jcm;onfhtcsufrsm;udk

xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;Mu&ef vdktyfygonf/

pma&;pmzwf oifMum;onfhtcg ta&;BuD;onfhe,fy,f(5)&yfudk ynm&Sifrsm;u azmfxkwf

owfrSwfxm;ygonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm -

(1) pum;oHrsm;udk em;vnfjcif;

(2) pum;oHrsm;ESifh tu©&moauFwrsm;\ tquftpyfudk odem;vnfjcif;

(3) oGufvufpGmzwfwwfjcif;

(4) a0g[m&<u,f0jcif;

(5) em;vnfoabmaygufjcif;wdkY jzpfygonf/

tqdkyge,fy,f(5)&yfvkH;wGif uav;rsm;uRrf;usifrI&Sdap&ef oif,lrIvkyfief;rsm; pDpOf

aqmif&Guf&mü rdrdoifMum;ay;rnfh bmompum;\ pepfrsm;udk oabmaygufem;vnfxm;&ef

ta&;BuD;ygonf/ okdYjzpf&m tqdkyge,fy,f(5)&yftwGuf xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh bmompum;\

pepftrsKd;rsKd;ESifh tokH;jyKEdkifonfh &if;jrpftaxmuftulrsm;udk bmompum;rSwfpktjzpf atmufwGif

pkpnf;azmfjyxm;ygonf/

3

2/ jrefrmbmompum;pepf\tajccHrsm;

2-1/ jrefrmbmompum;&Sd pum;oHrsm;

urÇmay:&Sd bmompum;wdkif;wGif Asnf;oHESifho&oH[lí yg0ifygonf/ odkY&mwGif yg0ifonfh

Asnf;oHESifh o&oHta&twGufrSm bmompum;wpfckESifhwpfck rwlnDyg/ jrefrmbmompum;wGif

a,bk,stm;jzifh Asnf;oH(33)ck? tajccHo&oH(5)ckESifh o&wGJoH (4)ckyg0ifonf[k ynm&Sifrsm;u

owfrSwfMuonf/

þae&mwGif &nfñTef;onfh Asnf;o&[laom tokH;tEIef;rsm;rSm tu©&moauFwrsm;ESifh

rqdkifyg/ pum;oHoufoufudkom &nfñTef;jcif;jzpfygonf/

2-1-1/ Asnf;oHrsm;

jrefrmAsnf;oH(33)rsKd;udk toHjzpf&mae&m(Xmef)ESifh toHjzpf[eftvdkuf atmufyg Z,m;jzifh

azmfjyxm;ygonf/

cifrif(armif)(1990)udk rSD;ygonf/

4

txl;owdjyK&eftcsufrSm txufazmfjyyg toH(33)rsKd;onf ta&;tom;pepf&Sd

Asnf;(33)vkH;udk wdkuf½dkuf&nfñTef;jcif; r&Sdonfhtcsuf jzpfonf/ tcsKdUaom toHrsm;rSm wdkuf½dkuf

qufET,fonfh Asnf;tu©&mrsm;&Sdaomfvnf; tcsKdUrSm r&Sdyg/ Oyrm - tmacgifESifh oGm;&if;t&yfwdkYudk

tajcjyKNyD;jzpfonfh Asnf;oHrsm;jzpfonfh ]us?cs?*s?,S}]us?cs?*s?,S}]us?cs?*s?,S}]us?cs?*s?,S}]us?cs?*s?,S}wdkYonf Asnf;oHwpfckpDom jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif

¤if;wdkYudk udk,fpm;jyKrnfhAsnf;tu©&moD;jcm;r&SdonfhtwGuf ,yifh? &&pfrsm;jzifh tpm;xkd;

a&;om;ygonf/ okdYjzpf&m ta&;wGif Asnf;wGJykHoP²mefjzpfaeygonf/ pifppfrSm Asnf;oHwpfoHom

jzpfonfudk owdjyK&ygrnf/ tvm;wlyif ESmoHrsm;jzpfonfh ]rS? ES? n§? iS}]rS? ES? n§? iS}]rS? ES? n§? iS}]rS? ES? n§? iS}]rS? ES? n§? iS}wdkYonfvnf; oHn§if;

Asnf;oHwpfoHpDom jzpfonf/ xdktoHwpfoHpDtwGuf oD;jcm;Asnf;tu©&mr&Sdojzifh [xdk;(- S)xnfhum

a&;om;jcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYudkvnf; Asnf;wGJoH[k rowfrSwfEdkifyg/ yGwfwdkufoHrsm;jzpfaom

]oS? [S}]oS? [S}]oS? [S}]oS? [S}]oS? [S}wdkYonfvnf; xl;jcm;ygonf/ jrefrmpum;&Sd ]owif;pm} ]owif;pm} ]owif;pm} ]owif;pm} ]owif;pm}[laompum;vkH;\ tpAsnf;oHrSm

½kkd;½dk; ]o}]o}]o}]o}]o}toHr[kwfbJ oHjyif;Asnf;oHjzpfojzihf oauFw ]oS}]oS}]oS}]oS}]oS} udk okH;xm;jcif;jzpfonf/ ]oD;oD;}]oD;oD;}]oD;oD;}]oD;oD;}]oD;oD;}

[laom pum;vkH;udk &GwfqdkMunfhvQif ]o}]o}]o}]o}]o} oHESpfck rwlnDaMumif; owdxm;rdrnfxifygonf/

tvm;wlyif ][S}][S}][S}][S}][S} [laom toHrSm tHhtm;oifhonfhtcg xGufvmonfh ][m? a[? [if? [,ff}][m? a[? [if? [,ff}][m? a[? [if? [,ff}][m? a[? [if? [,ff}][m? a[? [if? [,ff}

ponfhtoHrsdK;udk udk,fpm;jyKjcif;jzpfonf/ tqdkyg tmar#dwftoHrsm;onf ½dk;½dk; ][}][}][}][}][}toH

r[kwfaMumif; owdxm;rdrnfxifygonff/ tqdkygtoHrsdK;twGuf oD;jcm;tu©&mr&Sdojzifh ][[[[[}

jzifhom a&;&aomfvnf; toHxGufonfhtcgwGifrl oHjyif;Asnf;oHjzifh ][Sm? a[S? [Sif? [S,f}][Sm? a[S? [Sif? [S,f}][Sm? a[S? [Sif? [S,f}][Sm? a[S? [Sif? [S,f}][Sm? a[S? [Sif? [S,f}[kom

toHxGuf&ygonf/

2-1-2/ o&oHrsm;

jrefrmbmompum;onf wufusoH (tone) &Sdaom bmompum;jzpfonf[k azmfjycJhygonf/

toHtedrfhtjrifhtvdkuf t"dyÜm,f uGJjym;aom bmompum;jzpfonf/ jrefrmbmompum;wGif

a,bk,stm;jzifh-

1/ oHwdk (tedrfh oufoH) t

2/ oH&Snf (oHajy) tm

3/ oHav; (tjrifhoufoH) tm;

4/ oH&yf (tedrfhoufoH&yf) twf

[lí wufusoH av;rsKd;cGJMuonf/ xdkYtjyif jrefrmbmompum;wGif t o&oHudk tjynfhrxGufbJ

rMwm0ufoH[kac:aomtoHjzifh xGufqdkonfh pum;vkH;rsm;pGm&Sdonf/ Oyrm - ]]tar}}[laom

pum;vkH;&Sd a&SUqkH;rS ]]t}}toHudk ]]tmh}}[k o&oHtjynfhrxGufbJ rMwm0ufrQ Mumaom toHjzifh

xGufjcif;rsdK;jzpfonf/ tqdkygo&rsm;udkrl wufusoHrJh (neutral tone) o&oH[k ac:avh&Sdonf/

jrefrmbmompum;&Sd o&oHrsm;udk txufwGif azmfjycJhonfh wufusoH(4)rsKd;jzifh xyfrHcGJjcm;

MunfhvQif jrefrmbmompum;wGif o&oHrsm; rsm;pGm&Sdonf[k ajymvQifvnf; &Edkifrnfxifygonf/

jrefrmbmompum;&Sd o&oHrsm;udk rlvo& (22)vkH;? ESmoHo& (18)vkH;ESifh oH&yfo& (7)vkH;?

pkpkaygif; (47)vkH;&Sdonfudk atmufygZ,m;twkdif; awGUEdkifygonf/

5

jrefrmo&oH(47)rsKd;Z,m;

t = rMwm0uf

jrefrmpmtzGJU(2005)jrefrmo'´gudk rSD;onf/

6

jrefrmum&ef(64)yg;

pOf um&efBuD; um&efi,f

1/ t = tum&EÅm'd t tm tm;

2/ td = tdum&EÅm'd td tD tD;

3/ tk = tkum&EÅm'd tk tl tl;

4/ at = atum&EÅm'd at ath at;

5/ tJ = tJum&EÅm'd tJ tJh t,f

6/ atm = atmum&EÅm'd atm atmh atmf

7/ uf = tufum&EÅm'd tuf

atmuf

tdkuf

8/ if = tifum&EÅm'd tif tifh tif;

atmif atmifh atmif;

tdkif tdkifh tdkif;

9/ pf = tpfum&EÅm'd tpf

10/ Úf = tÚfum&EÅm'd tÚf tÚf h tÚf ;

11/ nf = tnfum&EÅm'd tnftnfh tnf;

12/ wf = twfum&EÅm'd twf

tdwf

tkwf

13/ ef = tefum&EÅm'd tef tefY tef;

tdef tdefY tdef;

tkef tkefY tkef;

14/ yf = tyfum&EÅm'd tyf

tdyf

tkyf

15/ rf = trfum&EÅm'd trf trfh trf;

tdrf tdrfh tdrf;

tkrf tkrfh tkrf;

16/ 0f = tdk0fum&EÅm'd tdk0f tdk0fh tdk0f;

7

ygVdo&(8)vHk;

t tm £ þ O OD { Mo

t tm td tD tk tl at atm

a a i i u u e o

ygVdAsnf;(33)vHk;

u c * C i

k kh g gh n

p q Z ps Ú

c ch j jh n

# X ! ¡ P

t th d dh n

w x ' " e

t th d dh n

y z A b r

p ph b bh m

, & v 0

y r l v

o [ V t

s h l –m••

•

•••••

•

~

8

2-1-3/ 0PÖzGJUpnf;ykHESifh o&oH Asnf;oHtwGJtpyf

o&oH oufoufjzpfap? o&oHESifh Asnf;aygif;pyfíjzpfap jzpfay:vmaom toHtpdwf

tydkif;udk 0PÖ[kac:jcif;jzpfonf/ 0PÖwpfck\ toHjzpfay:rIonf a,bk,stm;jzifh wpfrMwm

(wpfenf;tm;jzifh vufzspfwpfcsufwD;)Mumonf[k rSwf,lMuonf/ Oyrm]]tdrf}}[k toHxGufvQif

o&oHwpfckwnf;ESifh 0PÖwpfckjzpfonf/ ]]pm}}[kqdkvQif Asnf;oH (p)ESifh (tm)wGJqufxm;onfh

0PÖwpfckjzpfonf[k qdkEdkifNyD; ]]tdrfpm}}[kqdkvQif 0PÖ(2)ck&Sdonf[k a,bk,stm;jzifh rSwf,l

Edkifygonf/ jrefrmbmompum;\ 0PÖzGJUpnf;ykHrsm;rSm -

1/ o&oHoufouf0PÖ - Oyrm tm;? at;? tif;? tdyf

2/ Asnf;oHESifho&oHwGJ0PÖ - Oyrm pm;? aq;? qef? qdwf

3/ Asnf;wGJoHESifho&oHwGJ0PÖ - Oyrm ysm;? yGJ? NyHK;? oGm;

jrefrmbmompum;wGif ta&;ykHoP²mefü Asnf;wGJ[kxif&aomfvnf; toHwpfoHom

xGufonfh ta&;tom;rsm;&Sdonf/ Oyrm-us? cs? *s? Mu? jc? j* [laom u0*fAsnf;rsm;udk ,yifh?

&&pf wGJonfhtcg toHrSm Asnf;oHwpfoHomxGuf&ygonf/ xdkta&;tom;rsm;udk ESpfykHokH;pmvkH;

(Digraph) [kac:Muonf/ tqdkygta&;tom;rsKd;rSm uav;rsm;em;vnf&ef cufcJonfh? ½IyfaxG;onfh

ta&;tom;rsdK;jzpfojzifh ueOD;oifMum;&mwGif rxnfhoGif;oifh[k tBuHjyKMuonf/

jrefrmbmom ta&;tom;pepfonf t*FvdyfbmomuJhokdY tu©&mrsm;udk tpOftvdkuf

pDa&;onfh ta&;tom;pepfr[kwfyg/ a&SUwGifazmfjycJhouJhodkY t"dutu©&mudk tajcjyKNyD; tjcm;

oauFwrsm;udk xufatmuf 0J,maygif;pyfa&;om;onfh bmompum;jzpfojzifh 0PÖwpfvkH;

csif;\a&;zGJUykH ta&;ygygonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; jrefrmpmta&;tom;pepfudk 0PÖta&;tom;

pepf[k tcsKdUu ac:Muygonf/ odkkkYjzpfonfESifhtnD uav;rsm;taejzifh pma&;pmzwf tpysKd;

oif,lEdkif&ef 0PÖwpfckcsif;pDudk cGJjcm;Edkifaomtod (Syllabic awareness) &Sd&ef ta&;BuD;onf[k

qdkygonf/

jrefrmbmompum;wGif pum;vkH;trsm;pkrSm {u0PÖ(tvG,fajym&vQif pum;oHwpfcsuf)

pum;vkH;rsm;jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif tjcm;bmompum;rsm; enf;wl 0PÖwpfvkH;xuf ydkaom pum;vkH;

rsm;vnf; rsm;pGm&Sdygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh -

1/ vl? tdrf? ausmif;? acG;? yGJ ponfwdkYonf {u0PÖ (toHwpfcsufom Mum;&onfh)

pum;vkH;rsm;

2/ xrif;? pmtkyf? tar? taz ponfwdkYonf 'dG0PÖ (toHESpfcsuf Mum;&onfh)

pum;vkH;rsm;

3/ q&m? ausmif;om;? q&mr? ukvm;xdkif? ueazmh? uEkurm? iSufBuD;0efydk ponf

wdkYwGifrl (toHwpfcsufru Mum;&onfh) pum;vkH;rsm;jzpfojzifh A[k0PÖpum;vkH;

rsm;[k ac:Muygonf/

9

uav;rsm;taejzifhMum;&onfh pum;oHwpfcGef;wGif 0PÖrnfrQygonfudk cGJJjcm;odjrifEdkif&ef

vkdtyfygonf/ odkYjzpf&m atmufazmfjyygvkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfudkfifay;jcif;jzifh uav;rsm;udk toH

oabm? 0PÖoabmrsm; odjrifem;vnfapEdkifrnfjzpfonf/

1/ um&efwltoHrsm; azmfxkwfjcif;

Oyrm - um;? vm;? tm;? pm; ponfjzifh ...

2/ oHwlpyfaw;uAsmrsm;? pmydk'frsm;&Gwfqdkjcif;

Oyrm -

wpfjym;ESpfjym;? yJvifjym;?

jym;vm;puúL? zvHjzL

xlxlxJxJ? ydk;awmifhwJ

uRJa&aomuf? EGm;a&aomuf/

&THUay: &SOfhajy;? &SOfharG;udk &THUrvl;/

awmifay:u &Srf;uav; avQmfxrf;vdkYajy;

&SnfwJhavQmfu &Snf &Snf

wdkwJh avQmfu wdk wdk/

vomwkef; vrf;ru

vlawGudk vdkufMunfhwm

vdyfawGyJ vmaeawmh

vkzrf;wJh vlawG[m vkH;aewmyJ/

(q&mrrsm;taejzifh uav;rsm;ESifhtwl txufyguJhodkYaom toHwlxyfpum;rsKd;udk

rdrdzmom wDxGiftokH;jyKoifhygonf/)

3/ pum;vkH;rsm;? 0gusrsm;rS 0PÖrsm;udk cGJxkwfjcif;

Oyrm - &xm; = & + xm;

0PÖrsm;udk aygif;pyfjcif;

Oyrm - p + yg; = pyg;

4/ tpAsnf;oHrsm; cGJjcm;jcif;

Oyrm - (c)toHeJY pwJh[m bmawG&SdovJ/

2-2/ ta&;tom;pepf

jrefrmpmta&;tom;pepfonf tu©&mESifh tjcm;oauFwrsm; aygif;pyfNyD; 0PÖwpfck

tjzpf pkpnf;a&;zGJUonfh ta&;tom;pepfjzpfojzifh 0PÖwpfydkif;? tu©&mpOfwpfydkif; ta&;tom;

(Alpha-syllabery) pepf[k owfrSwfMuonf/ odkYjzpf&m pma&;pmzwf tpysdK;oifMum;&mwGif?

tu©&mrsm;udka&m 0PÖzGJU&mwGif tokH;jyK&onfh tjcm;oauFwrsm;udkyg rSwfrdNyD; toHESifh tu©&m

oauFwrsm; rnfodkYrnfykHqufpyfonfudk od&Sdem;vnfatmif vkyfay;&ef vdktyfrnfjzpfonf/

10

2-2-1/ Asnf;tu©&mrsm;

jrefrmpmta&;tom;wGif Asnf;tu©&m[kqdk&mwGif urS t txdf (33)vkH;&Sdonf[k

rSwf,lMuygonf/ ]]t}} tu©&monftoHtm;jzifh o&oHjzpfaomfvnf; tu©&mtjzpf,l&mwGif

Asnf;tjzpfom tpOftvmt& rSwf,lMuonfjzpfojzifh Asnf;(33)vkH;[k qdkjcif;jzpfonf/ tqdkyg

Asnf;(33)vkH;rSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf/

jrefrmAsnf;tu©&m(33)vkH;

txufazmfjyyg Asnf;tu©&m(33)vkH;onf jrefrmpum;wGif &Sdaom Asnf;oH(33)oHudk

udk,fpm;jyKjcif; r[kwfyg/ tcsKdUaom Asnf;rsm; Oyrm - *ESifh C? ZESifh ps? 'ESifh "? AESifh bwdkYonf

tu©&mESpfrsKd;uGJaomfvnf; toHrsm; Asnf;oHwpfckpDudkom udk,fpm;jyKygonf/ tcsKdUaom Asnf;rsm;

#? |? !? ¡ ESifh P wdkYonf tokH;enf;aom tu©&mrsm;jzpfonfudk owdjyK&ygrnf/ tvm;wlyif

tcsKdUaom Asnf;oHrsm;twGufrl? udk,fpm;jyKEdkifaom Asnf;tu©&m r&Sdyg/ odkYjzpf&m Asnf;oHwpfoH

twGuf tu©&moauFw ESpfrsKd;wGJokH;NyD; a&;om;&onfvnf; &Sdygonf/ txufwGif azmfjycJhaom

ESpfykHokH;pmvkH; (Digraph) ta&;tom;rsm;jzpfaom ]]us? cs? ,S? rS? vS}}wkdYonf tqdkygtrsKd;tpm;wGif

yg0ifygonf/ tjcm;owdxm;&rnfh tcsufwpfckrSm towfoauFwrsm;jzpfonf/ jrefrmpmta&;

tom;wGif ]puf? wpf? ewf? tyf}ponfh pum;vkH;rsm;uJhodkY aemufydwfAsnf;owfNyD; a&;ykHrsdK;

awGU&onfhwdkif toHxGufonfhtcg tqdkyg aemufydwfAsnf;rsm;udk toHxGufavhr&Sdaom

tcsufjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh towfoauFwrsm;udk oif½dk;wGif aemufydkif;rS xnfhoGif;oifMum;Mujcif;

jzpfonf/

2-2-2/ o&tu©&mrsm;

jrefrmbmompum;wGif wufusoH? ESmoH? oH&yfrsm;udk xnfhoGif;cGJjcm;Munfhygu o&oH

pkpkaygif;(47)vkH;&SdaMumif; azmfjycJhNyD;jzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif ta&;tom;pepfwGifrl tpOftvm

t& o&tu©&mrsm;udk owfrSwf&mü tajccHo&ESifh oif½dk;o&[lí ESpfrsKd;cGJjcm;rSwfom;avh&Sdonf/

tqdkygESpfrsdK;udk atmufazmfjyyg Z,m;rsm;wGif o&oauFwrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJazmfjyxm;ygonf/

owdjyK&mrSm o&Z,m;rsm;wGif a,bk,stm;jzifh tajccHo&rsm;udk azmfjyxm;jcif;omjzpfNyD;

11

wufusoH? ESmoHESifhf oH&yfrsm;tm;vkH;udk xnfhoGif;xm;jcif; r&Sdao;yg/ xdkYjyif towfa&;xkH;ESifh

,SOfaom toHrsm;udkvnf; azmfjyrxm;ao;ojzifh o&oHtm;vkH;udk vTrf;NcHKEdkifaom ta&;tom;

rjzpfEdkifao;yg/ odkYjzpf&m o&oHtm;vkH;ESifhqkdifaomta&;oauFwrsm;ESifh ywfoufírl txufwGif

azmfjycJhonfh o&oH(47)vkH; Z,m;udk Munfh½Iapvdkygonf/

tajccHo&ESifh oauFwjyZ,m;

oif½dk;o&ESifh oauFwjyZ,m;

2-2-3/ tjcm;ta&;oauFwtrSwftom;rsm;

jrefrmbmompum;\ ta&;tom;pepfwGif pmvkH;BuD;? pmvkH;ao;? aumfrmponfwdkYr&SdbJ

yk'fjzwfyk'f&yftjzpf azmfjy&eftwGuf yk'fuav;(wpfacsmif;yk'f)? yk'fr(ESpfacsmif;yk'f)wdkYudk tokH;jyK

&onf/ yk'fuav;udk 0guswpfcktwGif; ta&;ygaomyk'frsm; ra&maxG;ap&ef jcm;&mü tokH;jyKNyD;?

yk'frudkrl 0gusqkH;aMumif; azmfjy&eftwGuf tokH;jyKonf/ tjcm;oauFwrsm;jzpfaom vufonf;

uGif;? rsOf;apmif;? rsOf;wdkYudk pmtkyfwGif awGU&Sdyguvnf; uav;rsm; owdjyKrdatmif &Sif;jyoifhygonf/

3/ a0g[m&rsm;

3-1/ aeYpOftokH;rsm;aom pum;vkH;rsm;

uav;i,frsm;udk pma&;pmzwfoifMum;&mwGif Asnf;? o&? tu©&mrsm;udk cGJjcm;roifMum;

rDwGif pum;vkH;tcsdKUudk oifMum;Edkifygonf/ tcsKdUaom pum;vkH;rsm;ukd tjrifjzifh pGJoGm;atmif

oifMum;ay;jcif;jzifh pma&;pmzwf jrefqefrSefuefpGm wwfajrmufa&;twGuf taxmuftuljzpf

ygonf/ xyfumxyfum jrif&awGU&rsm;NyD; tjrifjzifh rSwfrdaom pum;vkH;rsm;jzifh tjrifpGJpum;vkH;

rsm;[kvnf; ac:ygonf/ pifppftm;jzifh pma&;pmzwfwwfonfffqkdonfrSm pum;vkH; tm;vkH;eD;yg;

avmufudk tjrifpGJjzifh zwfEkdifjcif;jzpfonf/

12

tjrifpGJjzifh pum;vkH;rsm;udk rSwfom;odkavSmifykHrSm uav;wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf

rwlEdkifyg/ wpfOD;csif;pD xdawGU&if;ESD;&onfh pum;vkH;rsm;tay:wGif rlwnfygonf/ oli,fwef;

q&mrsm;udk uav;rsm;tjrifpGJjzifh zwfEdkifatmif vkyfay;oifhygonf/ a,bk,stm;jzifh t*Fvdyf

bmompum;wGif aeYpOfawGU&? zwf½I&onfh pmom;wpfyk'ftwGif; (50)%aom pum;vkH;rsm;rSm

tokH;trsm;qkH;pum;vkH; (100)twGif;wGif yg0ifaeonf[k qkdygonf/ tqkdygpum;vkH; (100)udk

tjrifpGJtjzpf rSwfom;rdaom uav;taejzifh pma&;pmzwfwwfajrmufrIwGif a&SUodkY a&mufaeNyD;

jzpfygonf/ odkYjzpf&m jrefrmpum;wGif tokH;trsm;qkH;aom pum;vkH;rsm;udk &SmazGNyD; tjrifpGJjzifh

oifMum;ay;Ekdifygonf/

trsm;qHk;jrifawGUaeus tjrifpGJ pum;vHk;rsm;

1/ -&Sdw,f 26/ -NyD; 51/ -r-cif 76/ -tbGm;

2/ -jzpfw,f 27/ -wJh- 52/ -[kwfuJh 77/ -orD;

3/ -vJ 28/ -ayrhJ 53/ -ol 78/ -om;

4/ -vm; 29/ -yJ 54/ -eif ig 79/ -pum;

5/ -r,f 30/ -r-bJ 55/ -vkyf 80/ -ig;

6/ -rSm 31/ -&if vQif 56/ -prf; 81/ -0g;

7/ -yg 32/ -awmh 57/ -wkef; 82/ -EGm;

8/ -eJY 33/ -wm 58/ -a&; 83/ -vQm

9/ -rvdkY 34/ -aemf 59/ -zwf 84/ -ae

10/ -w,f 35/ -avh&Sd 60/ -ajym 85/ -vluav;

11/ -bl; 36/ -qdk&if 61/ -oGm; 86/ -uav;

12/ -&Sd 37/ -vdkuf 62/ -xdkif 87/ -toD;

13/ -'g 38/ -b,fawmh 63/ -x 88/ -opfyif

14/ -NyD 39/ -uRefawmf 64/ -pm; 89/ -ausmif;

15/ -&JU 40/ -uRefr 65/ -Munfh 90/ -b,f nm

16/ -tkef;^OD; 41/ -a& 66/ -wGuf 91/ -xD;

17/ -aygh 42/ -tar 67/ -yHkqGJ 92/ -zdeyf

18/ -[ifhtif; 43/ -taz 68/ -ysif; 93/ -aomuf

19/ -qHk; 44/ -tpfr 69/ -qdk 94/ -vdkY

20/ -u 45/ -tpfudk 70/ -r 95/ -rvdkY

21/ -vdkYyg 46/ -nDav; 71/ -armif 96/ -pm;yGJ

22/ -udk 47/ -nDrav; 72/ -a': 97/ -ukvm;xdkif

23/ -[m 48/ -oli,fwef; 73/ -OD;

24/ -vdkU 49/ -OD;av; 74/ -q&mr

25/ 'D onf 50/ -ta': 75/ -tbdk;

13

tydkif;(2)

bmompum;taxmuftuljyK

aw;uAsmrsm;? ykHjyifrsm;

pum;xmrsm;

14

u rS t txd Asnf;tu©&muAsmrsm;

u

uBuD;a&u rru

uBudK;pkHpGm u

aysmf&TifjrL;<u uckefNyD;

qdkif;awG AHkawGwD;/

c

cacG; cacG; c½kav;

yef;yifwufwJh c½kav;

oGm;aewmu cyfaES;aES;

z,f&Sm;MupdkYav;/

*

*i,f *i,f

*Pef; oifr,f

wpf ESpf oHk; av; a&wGufr,f

*&kpkdufyguG,f/

i

iuav; iuav;

t&G,f i,fi,fav;

ivufrav; t&G,fi,f

ai;ai;rIdifrIdif raeeJYuG,f

p

pvkH; pvkH;

zdk;pvHk;

cg;udk ukef;vdkY pyg;pdkufwkef;

txGufwdk;rSmrdkY NyHK;/

q

qvdrfqvdrf

ausmif;wufcsdef

ausmif;wufcsdefrSm aysmf&TifvS

q&mrudk EIwfqufMu/

Z

ZuJGav; ZuJGav;

ZvyfjzLjzLazG;

ZvyfjzLu arT;MuLMuL

rav;yefzddkY ,l/

n

n...n... n...n vjynfhn

zdk;a&Tvu 0if;yy

va&mifatmufrSm aysmf&TifvdkY

wdkYawG upm;MupdkY/

w

w0rf;ylw0rf;yl

0rf;Adkufuav;uyl

w0rf;ylav; vSvSa&;

wtm; aysmfw,fav;/

x

xqifxl; xqifxl;

wdkYawG xrif;cl;

xl;xl;jcm;jcm; jyifqifuG,f

wdkYawG 0dkif;pm;r,f/

15

'‘

'axG; .....'axG;

r'axG;

'axG;av;u '&,frav;

[dk[dk 'D'Dajy;/

"

"atmufNcdKuf "atmufNcdKuf

0wfqHav;eJY "atmufNcdKuf

ESpfNcdKufp&m "avhrsm;

wdkYrsm; tav;xm;/

e

ei,fei,f udkei,f

tpGrf; &SdvSw,f

e*g;i,feJY eyef;vHk;

b,fawmhrS olr½IH;/

y

yapmufav; yapmufav;

yavG oHcsKday;

y0gav;eJY a&Trif;orD;

yxr&vdkY ½IrNiD;/

z

zOD;xkyfzOD;xkyf

aeylaqmif;wJh zOD;xkyf

OD;xkyfuav; aqmif;cJhuG,f

z&JoD;pdwf oGm;0,fr,f/

A

AxufNcdKuf AxufNcdKuf

A[kokw tvGefBudKuf

ESpfNcdKufp&m rSwfom;xm;

AvmpmtkyfrSm a&;pdkYvm;/

b

bukef; bukef;

bdk;bukef;

cg;u cyfukef;ukef;

oefpGrf;ygvkYd usef;rmwkef;/

r

r...rr...rrav;

ra&G;rkefYudk pm;r,fav;

rukefwmav; csefvdkYxm;

reufjzeftwGufvm;/

,

,yufvufav; ,yufvufav;

uBuD; ajymif;jyefa&;

,Of,Ofaus;aus; ,rif;&kyf

NyHK;NyHK;uav; [efyefvkyf/

&

&aumuf&aumuf udk&aumuf

&xm;pD;vdkY c&D;a&muf

yJGcif;a&mufcg aysmfp&m

&[wf pD;MurSm

&eHYjzmwJh a&arT;av;

0,foGm;MupdkYav;/

16

v

v ...v...v...v zdk;a&Tv

rkd;ay:omwJh v

tarSmifnudk va&mifcGif;

vifyef;BuD;vdk aiGvrif;/

0

0vHk; 0vHk; zdk;0vHk;

cspfp&mav; zdk;0vHk;

csKdcsKdNyHK;wJh 0vHk;&,f

0dkif;0dkif;uav; a&;ygw,f/

o

ouav; ouav; cspfp&mouav;

o&uf ocGm; csdKcsdKat;

oZifyef;u MuLMuLarT;

tJ'g ouav;/

[

[uav;[uav;

om;om;rD;rD; oHcsdKaw;

[...[av; &,foHay;

ararhem;0ifat;/

t

t tar wdkYwdkif;jynf

tNrJ cspfcifay

tar&JUom; jrefjynfzGm;

trsm;twGuf wdkYBudK;pm;/

17

jrefrmaw;uAsmrsm;

1/ ausmif;cef;0if

reDuav; vG,ftdwfjyif

ydawmufyef;eJY ausmif;cef;0if/

r*Fvmygq&mr

nDnDnmnmEIwfqufMu/

0vkH;uav; cspfpzG,f

0kdif;atmif a&;wwfw,f/

pHy,fvkdjzLjzLazG;

0vkH; MuLMuLarT;/ /

(wifrdk;)

2/ vl&SnfBuD;

(vl&SnfBuD;vkdavQmuf)

2

(vl&SnfBuD;vkd)

3

avQmuf

(vlykav;vkdavQmuf)

2

(vlykav;vkd)

3

avQmuf

(vl0BuD;vkdavQmuf)

2

(vl0BuD;vkd)

3

avQmuf

(vlydefav;vdkavQmuf)

2

(vlydefav;vkd)

3

avQmuf

(rif;om;av;vkdu)

2

(rif;om;av;vkd)

3

u

(rif;orD;av;vkdu)

2

(rif;orD;av;vkd)

3

u/

(ECD)

3/ acgif;? yckH;eJY 'l; ajczsm;

«acgif;? yckH;eJY 'l;ajczsm;

('l;ajczsm;)

2

acgif;? yckH;eJY 'l;ajczsm;

rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;eJYyg;pyf»

2

/

(ECD)

4/ wpfukd,fa&oefY&Sif;a&;

tdyf&mxvQif rsufESmopfvdkY

rnpfywfatmifaeyghr,f?

rsufESmopfvQifoGm;ygwkdufvdkY

usef;rma&;udk*½kpdkufr,f?

tkef;qDvdrf;um acgif;udkNzD;vkdY

ajconf;vufonf;vSD;yghr,f?

tuÐs? vkHcsnf aMu;an§mfuif;atmif

oefUoefU&Sif;&Sif;0wfyghr,f?

ausmif;oGm;csdefrSmigwkdYoGm;vkdU

em;csdefem;vdkUupm;r,f?

(upm;r,f)

2

/

(ECD)

5/ rsufpdav;ujrifw,f

rsufpdav;u jrifw,f

em;uav;u Mum;w,f

ESmacgif;av;u avudk½SL&w,f

OD;aESmufav;u awG;um

yg;pyfav;udk[um

aysmfaysmf&Tif&TifoDcsif;qdkMupdkUuG,f

aysmf&Tifw,f/

(ECD)

6/ wkdUvnf;vkyfEdkifw,f

wdkYrsm;i,faomfvnf;tvkyfvkyfwwfw,f?

b,ftvkyfrqkdwdkYrsm;vkyfwwfw,f/

(a&cyfay;)

3

wwfw,f

([if;&Gufa>c)

3

wwfw,f

(wHjrufpnf;vSnf;)

3

wwfw,f

wkdYrsm;i,faomfvnf;tvkyfvkyfwwfw,f/

(ECD)

18

7/ bl;oD;uav;0wkwfwkwf

bl;oD;uav;0wkwfwkwf

nDnDzdk;0½kyf?

acgif;pkwfzGm;eJYapmifNcKHw,f

ajymif;zl;udkukd&,f?

vScsifvGef;vdkYMuufawmifpnf;

rD;rD;emewfoD;?

ydefydefao;ao;t&yf&Snf

azazyJvif;a>r?

arwåmxm;vdkU u½kPmBuD;

arar z&JoD;/

(ECD)

8/ awmxJu rdom;pk

rqkdpaumif;? qkdpaumif;

okd;uav;eJUudka&Ta'gif;

vrf;Budwfpufukdarmif;/

qdkaumif;yg&JU yl;eJU,kef

csrf;írD;udkvIH

[kdcsKHay:u 0uf0HxD;

rdausmif;BuD;udkpD;/

pm0kwD;u aw;oHcsdK

toHvTifhoDqkd

rav;ckdeJU udka&Tzm;

uckefwrf;upm;/

9/ zdk;Muufawm

a&TcJuav; zdk;Muufawm

rSefwm&J&Jajym

vdrfrajymeJYarmifav;&,f

a&TcJavSmifvdrfhr,f

vdrfw,fqdkwmowdåenf;

vlnHhvlaMumufyJ/ /

(wifrdk;)

10/ tvSLyJG

a&T'kd;ywfaAwdk;ywf

aAwdk;ywfa&T'dk;ywf/

aAwdk;ywfAdefaygifxD

ywfrBuD;ujrnf/

tdk;pnftkd;pnftdk;pnfom;

a[vm;armifwdkU 0g;/

0g;vufckyfajr§mufvdkYcsD

ajzmufajzmuftoHjrnf/

wD – wD – wD udka&TESJ

vGrf;atmifolucRJ

armifwdkYtvSLyJG/ /

(wifrdk;)

11/ arG;aeY

aysmf&Tifp&marG;aeY .......oifhtwGuf

oli,fcsif;&JU..............arG;aeY

aysmf&TifpGmtm;vkH; .......vufckyfwD;

tm;vkH;oDcsif;qkd ........oifhtwGuf

(KG Team)

12/ a&Tarmif;oH

uumuduDukul

a&TcsdK;uav;uululul

wwmwdwDwkwl

rD;&xm;BuD; wlwlwl

rrmrdrDrkrl

rD;rD;av;urlrlrl

[[m [d[D [k[l

a&Tarmif;oHBuD; 'l [l [l/

(wifrdk;)

19

13/ wpfvSrf;wdk;yg

a&SUudkwkd;vSrf;yg? aemufudkqkwfvkdufyg/

udk,fwpfywfvSnhf vufqufulnDyg/

a&SUudkwkd;vSrf;yg? aemufudkqkwfvkdufyg/

yckH;av;wGef;vdkUulnD&kdif;yif;yg/

(&Smvm vm vm vm;)

3

ulnDyg/

(&Smvm vm vm vm;)

3

a[hulnDMuyg/

(ECD)

14/ zdeyfuav;

zdeyfuav;udk (nDnDuG,f)

3

zdeyfav;udk nDnDuG,fpDumxm;&r,f/

pmtkyfuav;udk (nDnDuG,f)

3

pmtkyfav;udknDnDuG,fpDumxm;&r,f/

trIdufuav;udk (twlwluG,f)

3

trIdufuav;udktwlwluG,fNydKifwlaumuf

Mur,f/

upm;&wmaysmfygovm;(aysmfygw,f)

2

upm;NyD;&if bmvkyfrvJ ...jyefum

odrf;&r,f/

(ECD)

15/15/15/15/15/ oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif

(oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif vufckyfwD;)

2

oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif

tm;&yg;&vufckyfwD;

oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif vufckyfwD;/

(oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif acgif;udkNidrfh)

2

oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif

tm;&yg;&acgif;udkNidrfh

oifhausmif;xJrSm aysmf&TifvQif acgif;udkNidrfh/

(ajcudkaqmifh)? (ESmudkacs)? (tm;vkH;vkyf)

ponfwdkUtpm;xkd;í qufqkdyg/

(ECD)

16/ wdkYausmif;

yef;uav;rsm;yGihfawmhrnf

zl;wH0ifhvYkdcsD?

aejcnfrSma&T&nfavmif;

igwkdYpmoifausmif;/

17/ oli,fcsif;

emewfoD;eJY 'l;&if;[m

oli,fcsif;awGyg?

wpfaeUaomtcg&efjzpfMu

'l;&if;oD;u ql;eJYcs/

emewfoD;&JUrsufESm0,f

ql;csufawGu <u,f

olwdkUES,f&efrjzpfeJU

oifhatmifaygif;MuuJGU/

(ECD)

18/ Muufzwdefnif

Muufzwdefnif awmudk0if

armif&ifvm av;eJYypf

rypfygeJY armif&if&,f

Muufwuf pl;yghr,f

b,fbufu pl;pl;

nmbufu pl;pl;

cGyfvkdufMupdkY oli,fcsif;

atmuf tD tD; tGwf/

(ECD)

19/ aps;xJoGm;Mur,f

azazeJYtwlwluG,f aps;xJoGm;Mur,f

arareJYtwlwluG,f aps;xJoGm;Mur,f?

(0,fr,fuG,fh)

2

tom;eJYig;eJY0,f

(0,fr,fuG,fh)

2

[if;oD;[if;&Guf0,f/

(ECD)

20

20/ opfyifpdkufMupkdY

opfyifav;awGpkdufMur,f

wdkYurÇmav;vSzdkYuG,f?

opfyifpkdufyg wdkYurÇm

om,mvSy pdrf;jrjr/

21/ aAwkd;wyf

aAwkd;wyfaAwdk;wyf

rD;rD;av;u rwfwwf&yf

zl;yGihfvmwJh MumyGifhcsyf/

aAwkd;wyfaAwdk;wyf

cg;udkñTwfvkdY yef;qGwfwwf

vufuav;udkauG;umqwf/

aAwkd;wyf aAwdk;wyf

acgif;iJhvnfiJh ,drf;EJGUwwf

rsufESmuav;u ajymifpyfpyf

ar;uav;u wZwfZwf

aAwdk;wyf aAwdk;wyf/

(wifrdk;)

22/ avNidrfNidrf

avNidrfNidrf ?opfyifBuD;uNidrf

avjyif;wdkufawmhbmjzpfw,f?

(a[m'Dvdkjzpfw,f)

2

ta&SUuwkdufjyefawmh

taemufudk (,drf;w,f)

2

taemufuwdkufjyefawmh

ta&SUudk (,drf;w,f)

2

avNidrfNidrf? opfyifBuD;u (Nidrf)

3

/

(ECD)

23/ a&TpGefndK

a&TpGefndK bmukdvdkvdkY0Jygw,f

raxG;vkdvdkY0Jygw,f/

raxG;ryg wdkYcsnf;om

ygygvsufom;aemufuxm;

raxG;tom;cg;vSw,f?

acsmif;i,fa&eJUaq;yghr,f/

acsmif;i,fa&csrf; aEGrSmcef;

jrpfi,fa&ESifh aq;yghr,f/

jrpfi,fa&csrf; aEGrSmcef;

yifv,fa&eJUaq;yghr,f/

yifv,fa&csrf; aEGrSmcef;

yifv,fa& b,frcef;

raxG;trdzrf;/

(aus;vufuAsm)

24/ vSvSyyxm;Mur,f

tyifuav;rsm;vSyw,f

yef;uav;rsm;yGifhMuw,f

vSvSyyxm;Mur,f/

rcsKd;eJYrzJheJY*½kpdkufuG,f?

a&udkrSefrSefavmif;pdkYuG,f?

yef;yGifhrsm;rsm;yGifhzdkY&,f/

(ABCD uAsmoHpOf)

25/ aEG? rkd;? aqmif;

atmifrav;awmh Asmh ylvkdufwm

aEG&moDa&mufvm/

atmifrav;awmh Asmh

avjyif;rkefwdkif;vm?

rkd;wGif;a&mufNyDvm;/

eSif;rIefawGwzJGzJGusvkdYvm?

aqmif;wGif;a&mufNyDuGm/

(KG Team)

21

26/ rkd;Ncdrf;oHMum;

rkd;awGavawGwNcdrf;Ncdrf;

(wkwfwkwf*sdrf;)

2

/

,drf;u&atmif u&atmif

ywfaA'kd;ajAmifaA'kd;ajAmif?

armifwkdYr,fwdkYnDapom;

0kdif;Muygvm; 0ef;ygvm;

a[;vm; armifwkdY0g;/

(ECD)

27/ zm;i,fuav;

(zm;i,fuav;)

2

olwkdYatmfoHMum;

(tkH;tGrf uGrf uGrf)

2

tkH;tGrf uGrf uGrf uGrf

(tNrD;r&Sd)

2

toHus,fpGmatmf

(tkH;tGrf uGrf uGrf)

2

tkH;tGrf uGrf uGrf uGrf/

(ECD)

28/ c&D;oGm;Mur,f

c&D;oGm;Mur,f? twlwlvm

oli,fcsif;tm;vkH; aysmfp&m

pD;Mu? armif;Mu? oGm;MurSm

«(yGrf)

2

um;BuD;armif;r,f»

3

(yGrf)

7

«(wl)

2

&xm;BuD;armif;r,f)»

3

(wl)

7

«(ay:)

2

oabFmBuD;armif;r,f»

3

(ay:)

7

«(0D)

2

av,mOfysHBuD;armif;r,f»

3

(0D)

7

«(uvif)

2

pufbD;av;pD;r,f»

3

(uvif)

7

«(0l;)

2

qdkifu,fpD;r,f»

3

(0l;)

7

«(avSsmuf)

2

vrf;av;avSsmufr,f»

3

( avSsmuf)

7

/

(ECD)

29/ udkudkwpfuav;

udkudk (1) uav;xGufvdkYvm

rr (2) vnf;yg

nD (3)? (4)eJU (5) vnf;yg

tm;vHk; u MurSm/

(ECD)

30/ rD;&xm;BuD;

«rD;&xm;BuD;? xGufcgeD;NyD

xGufvkdYvmNyD? wHcg;ydwfxm;

*sKH;*sKH;*sKH;? *suf*suf*suf

*sKH;*sKH;? *suf*suf 0rf;ajrmufpGm»

22222

(ECD)

31/ rD;yGdKifhav;

vrf;qkHwkdif;u rD;yGdKifhrSm

ta&mifoHk;rsdK;&Sdw,fuGm

t0ga&mifav;jrif&ifawmh

t&Sdefoyfwmaygh/

teDa&mifav;jrif&ifuG,f

um;av;&yfMur,f

tpdrf;a&mifav;jrif&ifawmh

um;uav;xGufwmaygh/

wdkUawGtm;vHk; ab;uif;a&;

rD;yGdKifhav;u umuG,fay;/

(KG Team)

32/ yef;uav; 10 yGifh

yef; 1 yGifh? yef; 2 yGifh? yef; 3 yGihf yg

yef; 4 yGifh? yef; 5 yGifh? yef; 6 yGihf yg

yef; 7 yGifh? yef; 8 yGifh? yef; 9 yGihf yg

yef;uav; 10 yGifhyg/

22

33/ wpf? ESpf? okH;? av;

(1? 2? 3? 4)

2

(5? 6? 7)

2

(7 NyD;awmh 8 uG,f)

2

(9? 10)

2

/

34/ 1? 2 pmukdcspf

wpfESpf? pmudkcspf

okH;av;? rodwmar;

ig;ajcmuf? ESpfcsif;ayguf

ckepf?&Spf? wynhfcspf

udk;wpfq,f?BudK;pm;r,f/

35/ aumuffn§if;aygif;

aumufn§if;aygif;av;? ylylaEG;

ESrf;axmif;eHU arT;arT;/

tkef;oD;azG;azG;xnhf&ifuG,f

om;om;BudKufygw,f/

aumufñSif;aygif;onf rrav;

rsm;rsm;xnhfyg raES;/

wdkUaps;av;&JU ta&SUrSm

rra&mif;wJhcg?

aps;qkdifjyifvkdUawmif;udkcs

om;om;pm;r,fAs/

(KG Team)

36/ aysmf&Tifp&marG;aeY

(aysmf&Tifp&marG;aeY oifhtwGuf)

2

aysmf&Tifp&marG;aeY oifhtwGufyg .....

aysmf&Tifp&marG;aeY oifhtwGuf

(KG Team)

37/ bk&m;yJGawmfoGm;pkdYaemf

(wlaysmfaysmf)

2

bk&m;yJGawmfoGm;pkdUaemf?

oli,fcsif;rsm;eJYtwlaysmf?

EGm;vSnf;av;eJYaemf?

a[h EGm;vSnf;av;eJYaemf(wlaysmfaysmf)

2

yJGaps;wef;av;avSsmufvkdYaemf?

aumufn§if; aygif;eJYbl;oD;aMumf?

0,fpm;MupkdYaemf?

a[h 0,fpm;MupdkYaemf/

(ECD)

38/ MuufNcHuav;

a&TMuufzBuD;wGefoHom

eHeufrdk;aomufcg?

MuufrBuD;rSmtdyfaewkef;

EId;vkdufygtkef;/

Muufuav;awGEdk;wJhcg

usdusdatmfoHom/

wdkYNcHxJrSm Munfhygtkef;

rdom;wpfpkvkH;/

(KG Team)

39/ yifvkH

vGwfvyfyef;udkb,fhES,fqGwfw,f

wkdYnDnGwfvkdUqGwfEdkifw,f/

&Srf;?csif;? u&if? ucsifrsm;eJU

&ckdif?u,m; toG,foG,f/

yifvkHNrdKUrSmwlqkHMuvdkU

wkdUjynfreJYwdkYjynfe,f/

om;csif;nDaemifwnfaxmifrIeJY

jynfaxmifpkBuD; ay:vmw,f/

trdEdkifiH wm0efrsm;udk

ukd,ftm; ÓPftm; xrf;Mur,f/

xrf;r,fxrf;r,f/ /

(wifrdk;)

23

40/ a&(1)

a& a& a& a& a&

aomufokH;MuzdkUa&?

a& a& a& a& a&

aq;zdkU? aMumzdkYa&?

a& a& a& a& a&

csufzdkY jyKwfzdkYa& ?

a&uav;[mav t"du usvSay/

xrif;touf ckepf&uf

a&toufu wpfreuf?

a&aumif;a&oefU&rSom

usef;rm0NzdK;rSm/

(ECD)

41/ a& (2)

a&awG a&awG b,fuvm

rdk;aumif;uifuvm?

rdk;aumif;uifukd b,fvkda&muf

a&aiGUjzpfvkdUa&muf/

a&aiGU a&aiGU b,fuvm

urÇmajruvm?

yifv,fjyifrSm aeylawmh

acsmif;ajrmif;tdkifrSm aeylawmh

a&aiGUjzpfwmaygh/

a&aiGUjzpfawmhavxJyg

aumif;uifjyefwufum?

aumif;uifBuD;[m at;vmawmh

(a&jyefjzpfwmaygh)

3

/

(KG Team)

42/ rESif;wdkYtdrf

[kdbuf urf;u rD;xdefxdef

onfbufurf;urD;xdefxdef

qDrD;xdefxdefvif;ygwJh rESif;wdkYtdrf/

43/ ig;uav;awG

ig;uav;awG ig;uav;awG

a&xJu ig;uav;awG?

tjzLa&mifav;awG t0ga&mifav;awG

tdk tpkHyJa[h/

ig;uav;awG ig;uav;awG

a&xJu ig;uav;awG?

[kdbuful;vdkuf onfbuful;vkduf

aysmfp&mtvGefaumif;w,f/

(ECD)

44/ yk&Gufqdwf

yk&Gufqdwfuav;tcsdefrjzKef;yg

ysif;&dNyD;awmhtdyfraeyg/

(b,f nm)

3

wef;pDum

BudK;BudK;pm;pm; tvkyfvkyfwm

ußGEkfyfwkdUvnf;tcsdefrjzKef;yg/

ysif;&dNyD;awmhtdyfraeyg/

(b,f nm)

3

wef;pDum

BudK;BudK;pm;pm; tvkyfvkyfrSm/

(ECD)

45/ udk,ifaumif

(udk,ifaumif)

2

odyf&GHzdkYaumif;/

rpifvnf;pm; [if;vnf;pm;

[kdeJY'Dul;oGm;/

olUajcvufawG aq;aewm

wdkYxrif;0kdif;ay:rSm

armif;yg[ armif;yguG/

ta0;odkYxGufoGm;atmif

xrif;0kdif;av;tkyfxm;&atmif

oGm;awmh udk,ifaumif/

(ECD)

24

46/ vdyfjymav;

(vdyfjymav;awG)

2

(vSvdkufwm)

2

(yef;0wf&nfudkpkyfw,f)

2

(vSygw,f)

2

(ECD)

47/ ausmif;aep

u c * C i

om;om; ausmif;aep?

p q Z ps n

rdwfopf aqGopf&?

w x ' " e

twl upm;Mu?

y z A b r

uAsm&GwfqdkMu?

, & v 0 o

pma&; pmzwfMu?

[ V t

aysmfzdkY aumif;oy/

armifwifpdk; (opf&maumuf)

48/ tm;vkH;nDñGwfw,f

1? 2? 3 nDryef;awGukH;

4? 5? 6 EGm;EdkYrSefrSefaomuf

7? 8? 9 O,smOfav;udkysdK;?

10? 11? 12 udk,fhwdkif; udk,fhjynfcspf

13? 14? 15 yef;csDqGJygvm;

16? 17? 18 trIduf,lvdkYypf

19 eJY 20 tm;vkH; nDñGwfw,f/

(wifrdk;)

49/ vrif;xJu ,kefuav;

vrif;xJu ,kefuav;

tom;jzLazG;azG;/

awmifa0S;axmufwJhtbdk;tkd

armifhqDvmygqkd/

rvmvdkaeyga&mh

vlav;vmrSmaygh/

(wifrdk;)

50/ v,fapmifhwJ

rdk;a&wufa&wazG;azG;

uGif;us,fta0;a0;/

v,fapmihfwJav;ajcwH&Snf

rkd;ukyfatmufrSmwnf?

MumeDwpfyGifh jzLwpfyGifh

wJESifhyeHwifh/

(rif;ok0Pf)

51/ wkdYwm0ef

onftdrf b,folUtdrf

wdkYtdrf/

wdkYtdrfaumif;atmif b,foljyK

igwdkY rdom;pk/

onfausmif; b,folUausmif;

wdkYausmif;/

wdkYausmif;*kPfudk b,folaqmif

igwdkYausmif;ol ausmif;om;armif/

onfajr b,folUajr

wdkYajr/

wdkYajromaMumif; b,folavmif;

igwdkY jynfoltaygif;/ /

(wifrdk;)

25

52/ tdrf

(tdrf )

3

.....om;om;^rD;rD;wdkY&JUtdrf

(tdrf )

3

.....aysmf&Tif&wJhtdrf

tdrf.....om;om;^rD;rD;wdkY&JUtdrf

wdkYtdrf uav;[mavaEG;axG;vSayghav/

(KG Team)

53/ anmifa0gif anmifa0gif

ylpDuav; aqmifhaMumifhxdkif

<uuf r&vdkYrIdif/

wdkifBudK wdkifMum; avQmufvdkYoGm;

tNrD; wzGm;zGm;/

ylpDuav; Adkufqmavmif

raqmhEdkif&Sm aygif/

anmifa0gif anmifa0gif atmfvdkYnnf;

ylpD a'goBuD;/ /

(wifrdk;)

54/ wm0efudk,fpD

nDrav;u wHjrufvSnf;

nDnDxif;awGcJG/

a&qJGwmu udkav;yg

rraps;oGm;wm?

ararrSm xrif;csuf

azaz½kH;udkwuf/

55/ bJuav;

a&uefeHab; bJuav;

a&ul;r,fwJhav;/

v,fwJuav; urf;pqD

bJi,ful;&onf?

bmrxDwJhbJuav;

ul;r,fta0; urf;ta0;/ /

(wifrdk;)

56/ iSufuav;eDeD

i,faom iSufuav;eDeD

opfukdif;ay:rSm xdkifae?

tNrD;uav;u vIyfíae

(vIyf)

2

vIyfíae?

tNrD;uav;u vIyfíae?

acgif;uav;u Nidrfhíae?

tNrD;uav;u vIyfíae

(vIyf)

2

vIyfíae/

(ECD)

57/ a&Ta&mifaiGa&mif

ydawmufyef;awG 0if;xdefxdef

oBuFefuswJhtcsdef/

rdk;ajy;wpfBudrf&Gm&ifvnf;

a&Ta&mif0if;ceJ/

ydawmufyef;awGtay:rSm

aejcnfvufvufjzm/

avajywpfcgaoG;&ifvnf;

aiGa&mifxif;ceJ/

(wifrdk;)

58/ qifarsmuf,kef

,kefuav;t&G,fi,f

qifBuD; BuD;vSw,f

,kefarsmufqifuG,ftukefvkH;

qifBuD; tBuD;qkH;/

59/ jzLazG;vSwJU,kef

[kdckefonfckef wckefckef (jzLazG;vSwJY,kef)

3

[kdae&mrSmvnf; wckefckef

'Dae&mrSmvnf; wckefckef

[kdckefonfckef wckefckef jzLazG;vSwJU,kef/

(ECD)

26

62/ yJyJ? okd;rnf;

(yJyJ? okd;rnf;? okd;arG;&Sdygovm;?

([kwfuJY)

2

okH;tdwftjynhfAs?

wpftdwfu q&mzdkY?

wpftdwfu q&mrzdkY?

usefwpftdwfu vluav;?

vrf;Mum;xJuav;)

2

/

63/ jrif;BuD;pD;r,f

(vmNyDud kuk d? jrif;BuD;pD;umjrif;0BuD;ukd

pD;vdkUvm)

2

'gudk olu vkyfjyw,f

(ab;csif;)

3

wdkufvdkU&,f

(a&SUcsif;)

3

eD;vkdU&,f

(ausmcsif;)

3

uyfvkdU&,f

'gudk olu vkyfjyw,f/

(ECD)

60/ jynfaxmifpkzGm;nDaemifrsm;

&Srf; csif; ucsifu&ifrsm;eJU

&cdkif u,m; rGef Arm?

wpfajrwnf;ae nDaemifrsm;rdkY

jynfaxmifom;vdkU ac:Muwm?

at;vnf;twl yltrSSseJY

twlwuG aexdkifum?

wpfa,mufvufudk wpfa,mufqGJvdkU

vufcsif;wJG,Suf NrJckdifrm?

nDnDnmnm wpfa,muftm;eJY

razmufrjym; pnf;vHk;um

wdkYjynfaxmifajr pnfoma&;eJY

jynf&Gmat;zdkY apmihfxdef;rSm?

xdef;...rSm? xdef;...rSm/ /

a&eHYomarmifausmfñGefY

61/ &Gmi,fZeyk'f

&Gmi,fZeyk'f? rD;uav;rdSwfwkwf/

ußGJ? EGm;?acG;? qdwfjrnfoH

([kduvJ 0kwf0kwf? 'DuvJ 0kwf0kwf

[kdu0kwf? 'Du0kwf ......0kwf0kwf0kwf)/

27

t*Fvdyf aw;uAsmrsm;

1. Hello, what’s your name?

[(Hello)3what’s your name?]2

(my name is Pusu)3

(Hello, Pusu)2 Hello

2. Good Morning

(Good Morning to you)2

Good Morning dear my friends,

Good Morning to you.

3. A, B, C, D, …. (1)

A, B, C, D, E, F, G

H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P

Q, R, S, T, U, V

W, X, Y, Z

4. A, B, C, D, …. (2)

A, B, C, D, E, F, G

H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P

Q, R, S, T, U and V

W, X, Y and Z

5. Good bye

Goodbye Goodbye everybody

Goodbye Goodbye see you again

Goodbye John, Goodbye Sue

(Goodbye)2 bye bye bye

6. Tomy Tomy

Tomy Tomy (how old are you today)2

I am five years old

One, two, three, four, five

7. Are you Sleeping

(Are you Sleeping)2 (Brother John)2

(Morning bells are ringing)2

(Ding Ding Dong)2

8. I caught a fish

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Once I caught a fish alive.

Why did you let it go?

Because it bit my finger so.

9. Sunday, Monday

(Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday

Thursday, Friday, Saturday)2

10. One,Two

One, Two, Buckle my shoes

Three, Four, Shut the door

Five, Six, Pick up sticks

Seven, Eight, Lay them straight

Nine, Ten A big fat hen

11. Head & Shoulders

Head and Shoulders, (knees and toes)3

Head and Shoulder, knees and toes, eyes,

ears, nose and mouth.

28

yHkjyifrsm;yHkjyifrsm;yHkjyifrsm;yHkjyifrsm;yHkjyifrsm;

1/ uRefawmfh tarvm;cifAsm1/ uRefawmfh tarvm;cifAsm1/ uRefawmfh tarvm;cifAsm1/ uRefawmfh tarvm;cifAsm1/ uRefawmfh tarvm;cifAsm

[dk;a&S;a&S;wkef;u awmtkyfBuD;wpfckxJrSm opfyifawG ,drf;xdk;NyD; t&GufawGa<uusatmif

avawGwdkufaew,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmyJ awmifukef;jrifhwpfckay:u opfyifBuD;&JU tay:rSm &SdaewJh

iSufodkufxJu Ouav;wpfvkH; usvmw,f/ tJ'D]]O}}av;u awmifukef;ay:uae vdrfhqif;

oGm;w,f/ tJ'DuaequfNyD; opfwkH;wHwm;uae jrpfudk ausmfjzwfNyD; vdrfhoGm;w,f/ ]]O}}uav;u

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awmhbJ ,kefav;&JU a&SUrSm&yfoGm;w,f/ ]]O}}uav;[m tufuJGvmNyD; ]]O}}uav;xJu iSufayguf

pav; xGufvmw,f/ [dkMunfh 'DMunfheJY iSufaygufpav;[m ,kefuav;udk jrifwJhtcg ]]uRefawmfh

tarvm; cifAsm}}vdkY ar;vdkufw,f/

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tay:udk wufoGm;yg/ tJ'DrSm rif;tar&Sdw,f}} vdkYajymw,f/

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odyfcufw,f}}qdkNyD; ajymwJhtcg ]]rylygeJY ulnDygr,f}}vdkY &SOfhuav;u ausmay:wifNyD; opfyifay:

wufoGm;w,f/ opfyifay:a&mufwJhtcg tokdufxJrSm iSufrBuD;eJY iSufaygufpav;wpfaumifudk

awGUw,f/ ]]uRefawmfh tarvm; cifAsm}}vdkY ar;vdkufwJhtcg ]][kwfygw,f rif;&JUtaryg/ 'DrSm

rif;&JUtpfryg}}vdkY 0rf;omtm;&ajymvdkufw,f/ iSuftaru tpm&Sm&mu jyefvmwJh iSuftazudk

jyNyD; ]][kdrSm Munfhprf;/ rif;&JUtazaygh/ rif;udk &Smaewm/ tckrif;tdrfjyefa&mufvmvdkY tm;vkH;

aysmfaeMuw,f}}vdkY ajymvkdufw,f/

29

2/ qifESifharsmuf2/ qifESifharsmuf2/ qifESifharsmuf2/ qifESifharsmuf2/ qifESifharsmuf

wpfcgwkef;u awmBuD;wpfckxJrSm qifuav;wpfaumifESifh arsmufuav; wpfaumif[m

rdwfaqGzGJUNyD; aexdkifMuw,f/

wpfaeYusawmh olwdkYESpfaumif[m awmxJrSm aqmhupm;&if; Adkufqmvmwmaygh/ 'DvdkeJY

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awGUw,f/ tJ'Do&ufyifBuD;[m o&ufoD; trSnfhawGa&m? o&ufoD;tpdrf;awGa&m trsm;BuD;

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'gayrJh qifu arsmufudk ajymw,f/ ]]igo&ufoD;awGcsOf&if rpm;csifbl;}}vdkY ajymw,f/

arsmufuav;u ]]pdwfrylygeJY? igtyifay:wufNyD; o&ufoD;awGudk pm;Munfhvdkufyghr,f}}

vYdkajymNyD; tyifay:udk arsmufuav; wufoGm;w,f/ arsmufuav; tyifay: a&mufwmeJY o&uf

oD;udk cl;NyD; pm;Munfhvdkufawmh t&rf;udk csKdNyD; arT;aewm awGU&w,f/

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cspfcifpGmeJYtwl aexdkifoGm;Muawmhw,f/

(oli,fwef;oif½dk;tzJGU)

3/ zdk;uJwdk3/ zdk;uJwdk3/ zdk;uJwdk3/ zdk;uJwdk3/ zdk;uJwdkYY YY Y rdom;pkrdom;pkrdom;pkrdom;pkrdom;pk

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(nDrav;a&)

3

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....[D; [D; qkdNyD; atmfidkowJh/

30

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Muw,f/

(oli,fwef;oif½dk;tzJGU)

4/ b,foGm;rvdkYvJ *smabmuf4/ b,foGm;rvdkYvJ *smabmuf4/ b,foGm;rvdkYvJ *smabmuf4/ b,foGm;rvdkYvJ *smabmuf4/ b,foGm;rvdkYvJ *smabmuf

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vkyfudkifNyD; aysmf&TifpGm aexdkifMuowJh/ *smabmuf touf(5)ESpft&G,fa&mufawmh *smabmuf&JU

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]]b,foGm;rvkdYvJ *smabmuf}}vdkY ar;w,f/

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*smabmuf}}vkdY ar;owJhuG,f/

31

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*smabmuf}}vdkY ar;owJhuG,f/

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t0if0rSm ausmif;tkyfBuD;eJY awGUowJh/

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*smabmufuvnf; ]]r*Fvmygq&mBuD;/ orD;u oli,fwef;uyg}}vkdY ajymvkdufowJh/

tJ'DtcgrSm ausmif;tkyfq&mBuD;u ]]oli,fwef;tcef;u [kdem;rSm oGm;vkdufygvkdY}}ajymawmh

*smabmufuvnf; ]][kwfuJhyg/ q&mBuD;}}vkdYajymum tcef;udk avQmufvmowJh/ oli,fwef;

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q&mr/ orD;u oli,fwef;yg/ 'gu oli,fwef;tcef;vm;&Sif}}vdkY ar;vdkufowJh/ tJ'DtcgrSm

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ac:ygovJ}}vdkY ar;w,f/

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tJ'DtcsdefrSm ndKndK[m oli,fcsif;rsm;jzpfwJh 0wkwfeJY zkd;½IyfwkdYqDoGm;NyD; ]]oli,fcsif;wkdYa& ....

jzLjzLUtdrfuav; avawGwkdufvkdY NydKoGm;w,f/ igwkdY oGm;ul&atmif}}vkdY ajymwmaygh/ arsmufuav;

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vdkufawmh jzLjzLUtdrfuav; jyefaumif;oGm;wmaygh/

32

aemufqkH;awmh jzL jzL[m oli,fcsif;rsm;udk awmif;yefwmayghuG,f ]]oli,fcsif;wkdY&,f

igrSm;ygw,f aemufqkdigrif;wdkYeJY cspfcspfcifciftwlwlaeygawmhr,f}}vkdY ajymowJh/ ndKndKuvnf;

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(oli,fwef;oif½dk;tzJGU)

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(EdkifiH&yfjcm;yHkjyifudk rSDjirf;onf)

33

7/ qmavmifaeaombDvl;BuD;7/ qmavmifaeaombDvl;BuD;7/ qmavmifaeaombDvl;BuD;7/ qmavmifaeaombDvl;BuD;7/ qmavmifaeaombDvl;BuD;

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34

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2

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Muwmaygh/

35

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olUydkufqH tddwfudk awGUvdkufw,f/ ta':BuD;vnf; olUydkufqHtdwfudk jyef&vdkY t&rf;0rf;omNyD;

OD;armifBuD;udk aus;Zl;wifaMumif; ajymvdkufw,f/

(oli,fwef;oif½dk;tzJGU)

10/ nDñGwfMuygpdk Y10/ nDñGwfMuygpdk Y10/ nDñGwfMuygpdk Y10/ nDñGwfMuygpdk Y10/ nDñGwfMuygpdk Y

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rokH;&JMubl;/

36

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nDñGwfjcif;&JU tusdK;aus;Zl;udk em;vnfoabmaygufoGm;Muw,f/

(oli,fwef;oif½dk;tzJGU)

11/ qmavmifaeaom claumifav;11/ qmavmifaeaom claumifav;11/ qmavmifaeaom claumifav;11/ qmavmifaeaom claumifav;11/ qmavmifaeaom claumifav;

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awGU&w,f/

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½kH;ywDoD;wpfawmifh? oMum;oD;wpfvkH;eJY emewfoD;wpfvkH;udk pm;vkdufNyD;awmh ....

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vdkufw,f/

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ayghuG,f/

37

12/ pum;enf;í tvkyfvkyfaom yifhulav;12/ pum;enf;í tvkyfvkyfaom yifhulav;12/ pum;enf;í tvkyfvkyfaom yifhulav;12/ pum;enf;í tvkyfvkyfaom yifhulav;12/ pum;enf;í tvkyfvkyfaom yifhulav;

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tdyfaysmfaewmayghuG,f/

38

13/ vl0HBuD;ESifh arsmufuav;13/ vl0HBuD;ESifh arsmufuav;13/ vl0HBuD;ESifh arsmufuav;13/ vl0HBuD;ESifh arsmufuav;13/ vl0HBuD;ESifh arsmufuav;

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14/ aMumifESpfaumifESihf arsmuf14/ aMumifESpfaumifESihf arsmuf14/ aMumifESpfaumifESihf arsmuf14/ aMumifESpfaumifESihf arsmuf14/ aMumifESpfaumifESihf arsmuf

wpfcgwkef;u tvGefAdkufqmaewJh aMumifrdwfaqGESpfaumif[m pm;p&m&SmzdkY xGufvmMu

owhJ/ tcsdeftawmfMumtpm&SmNyD;wJhtcg wHcg;yGifhaewJh aMumiftdrfwpfckxJrSm rkefYwpfckudk awGUMuNyD;

pm;zdkYckd;,lMuowhJ/ rkefUudk cGJa0MuwhJtcg wpfjcrf;u enf;enf;BuD;NyD; aemufwpfjcrf;u enf;enf;

i,fowhJ/ tJ'Dtcg ESpfaumifpvkH;u MuD;whJrkefYjcrf;udk &csifpdwfeJY tjiif;tckHjzpfMuowhJ/ olwdkY&JU

jyóemukd ajz&Sif;ay;zkdY ta0;wpfae&mrSm&SdwhJ arsmufwpfaumifqDukd oGm;MuowhJ/ arsmufuvnf;

olulnDEkdifw,fvkdUajymvdkufNyD; jcrf;xm;wJhrkefY 2 ckudk olUrSm&SdwhJ csdefcGifeJY csdefMunhfwhJtcg wpfzufu

tvGefav;aeowhJ/ arsmufuvnf; tav;csdef wlnDatmif vkyfay;r,fqdkNyD; BuD;wJhrkeYfjcrf;udk

wpfudkuf udkufvdkufygowhJ/

39

tJ'Daemuf rkefYudk csdefcGifeJY jyefcsdefMunfhwhJtcg usefwpfzufjcrf;u tvGefav;vGef;jyef

wmaMumifh tJ'Dtjcrf;bufudk wpfudkuf jyefudkufvdkufNyD; 'Davmufqdk&if twlwljzpfavmufNyDvdkY

qdkum jyefcsdefMunfhvdkufowhJ/ 'gayrJh tav;csdefurwlnDbJ wpfzufjcrf;rSm tav;csdef ykdae

jyefw,f/ arsmufuvnf; ]]aMomftHhMozdkY aumif;vdkufwm}}qdkNyD; wpfzufjcrf;udk udkufvdkufjyefowhJ/

tJ'Dtcg aMumifESpfaumifu ]]udkarsmuf&,f usefwJhtjcrf;uav;udkyJ jyefay;ygAsm? tav;csdef

rwlvnf; aeygapawmh}}vdkY ajymMuowhJ/

arsmufuvnf; toHus,favmifpGmeJY ]]rjzpfEdkifbl; rif;wdkYjyóemajz&Sif;ay;zkdY ighudk

ac:xm;MuNyD; tckjyóemajz&Sif;vkdY rNyD;ao;bl;}}vdkY jyefajzvdkufowhJ/ arsmufu nDwlnDrQjzpfatmif

qdkNyD; wpfzufjcrf;udkudkufvdkuf aemufwpfzufjcrf;ukd jyefudkufvdkufeJY rkefYjcrf;av;ESpfck[m

ao;ao;av;om usefawmhowhJ/ aMumifESpfaumifuvnf; ]]tpfudkBuD;arsmuf&,f uRefawmfwdkY

ESpfa,muftwGuf t&rf;yifyef;ygNyD usefwJhrkefYuav;ukdom jyefay;vdkufygAsm}}vdkY xyfawmif;yef

MuwhJtcg arsmufuvnf; ]]aumif;NyD rif;wdkYjyóemudk ajz&Sif;ay;wJhtwGuf ighudk bmay;MurvJ?

eifwdkYrSm bmrSr&SdaMumif; igtukefodw,f}}[kqdkum rkefYjcrf;awGudk tukefpm;ypfvdkufw,f/

ÓPfrsm;wJh arsmufudk aMumifESpfaumif[m tav;jyKMuNyD; ta0;ukd xGufoGm;MuowhJ/

aemufqkH;awmh rdwfaqGaumif;jzpfwhJ aMumifESpfaumif[m tenf;i,f avmbpdwfjzpfrdwmaMumifh

olwdkYpm;&r,fh rkefYjcrf;udk rpm;&awmhbl;wJhuG,f/

vJifoJpmay(½dk;&mykHjyif)

15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ 15/ armiftD;uGJeJY rtD;vGifharmiftD;uGJeJY rtD;vGifharmiftD;uGJeJY rtD;vGifharmiftD;uGJeJY rtD;vGifharmiftD;uGJeJY rtD;vGifh

wpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm armiftD;uGJeJY rtD;vGifhwdkY &Sdw,f/ olwdkYESpfa,mufu t&rf;

tD;aygufMuowJh/ armiftD;uGJ tD;aygufvdkuf&if olUem;rSm&SdwJh ypönf;awG aygufuGJukefa&mwJh/

rtD;vGifh tDD;aygufvdkuf&ifvnf; olUem;rSm&SdwJh ypönf;awG tukefvGifhxGufoGm;wmyJwJh/

wpfaeYawmh rtD;vGifhu olwdkYtdrfrSm pyg;axmif;aeMuw,f/ olaxmif;aewJh opfom;

qHkBuD;[m tBuD;BuD;yJwJh/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm armiftD;uGJ a&mufvmNyD; rtD;vGifheJY ynmNydKifMur,fvdkY

ajymw,f/

armiftD;uGJu ]]uGif;jyifxJrSm a&tdkif 2 tkdif&Sdw,f/ awmif 1 vHk; &Sdw,f/ awmif&JU

ab;ESpfzufrSm *laygufwpfckpD&Sdw,f/ *laygufESpfckatmufrSm csdKifhtBuD;BuD; wpfck&Sdw,f/ tJ'gbmvJ}}

vdkY ar;w,f/

rtD;vGifhu ]]a&tdkif 2 tkdifu rsufvHk; 2 vHk;udk ajymwm/ awmif 1 vHk;qdkwm ESmacgif;?

*layguf 2 cku ESmacgif;ayguf? *layguf 2 ckatmufu csdKifhtBuD;BuD;qdkwmu yg;pyfaygh}}vdkY

ajzvdkufw,f/

40

wpfzef rtD;vGifhu armiftD;uGJudk jyefar;wJhtcg rajzEdkifbl;wJh/ tJ'Dtcg rtD;vGifhu

atmfNyD;&,fowJh/ armiftD;uGJ[m tvGef&SufNyD; rxdef;EdkifbJ tD;aygufvdkufwm rtD;vGifh pyg;

axmif;aewJh opfqHkBuD;u jAKef;qdk ESpfjcrf;uGJoGm;a&mwJh/ rtD;vGifhvnf; olYopfqHkBuD; uGJoGm;awmh

pdwfqdk;wmaygh/ 'Dawmh oluvnf; tD;jyefaygufvdkufwm tD;uGJ[m [dk; .. rdk;ay:udk vGifhygoGm;NyD;

bk&ifheef;awmfxJudk zkwfceJ jyKwfusoGm;owJh/

&Sifbk&ifBuD;eJY rSL;rwfBuD;awGvnf; vefYoGm;NyD; b,fvdkjzpfwmvJvdkY ar;owJh/ armiftD;uGJ

uvnf; tD;vGifhaMumifh ol'Dvdkjzpf&wmudk ajymjywJhtcg bk&ifBuD;u tD;vGifhudkyg eef;awmfrSm

ac:xm;owJh/

wpfaeYawmh bk&ifBuD;&JU wdkif;jynfudk &efolawG vmwdkufcdkufMuw,f/ tJ'Dtcg tD;uGJeJY

tD;vGifh[m &efolawGzufudk vSnfhNyD;NydKifwl tD;tBuD;BuD;aygufvdkufowJh/ &efolawGvnf; ESpfjcrf;uGJ?

aumif;uifudk vGifhNyD; xGufajy;ukefMuowJh/

bk&ifBuD;vnf; 0rf;omoGm;jyD; tD;uGJeJY tD;vGifhudk qkvufaqmifawG? &wemawG trsm;BuD;

ay;vdkufowJh/

(vlxkOD;vS\ wdkif;crf;wDyHkjyif)

16/ 'dwf'dwfESifh Muufuav;16/ 'dwf'dwfESifh Muufuav;16/ 'dwf'dwfESifh Muufuav;16/ 'dwf'dwfESifh Muufuav;16/ 'dwf'dwfESifh Muufuav;

'dwf'dwfwdkY rdom;pk[m MuufawGudk tvGefcspfNyD; arG;xm;Muw,f/ 'dwf'dwf[m MuufawGudk

tvGefcspfwmaMumifh aeYwdkif; tpmauR;w,f/ nwkdif;vnf; MuufawG pHkrpHkppfaq;w,f/ wpfaeYrSm

'dwf'dwf[m MuufawGudk tpmauR;aewkef; MuufrBuD;u Muufuav;awGudk uawmf...uawmfvdkY

ac:NyD; Muufuav;awG tvG,fwulpm;EdkifzdkYtwGuf tpmawGacsay;aewmudk ai;Munfhaerdw,f/

tJ'DtcsdefrSm 'dwf'dwf[m ol i,fpOfu olUtar olUudktpmawG cGHUauR;cJhwmudk owd&NyD; olUtar&JU

cspfjcif;udk ydkrdkem;vnfvmawmhw,f/

aemufwpfaeU MuufawGudk tpmjyefauR;wJhtcsdefrSm Muufru Muufuav;awGudk

uawmfh...uawmfhvdkY jyefac:avw,f/ 'gayrJh Muufuav;wpfaumif[m rdcif&JUac:oHudk

Mum;aomfvnf; rdcifxHodkYrvmbJ tjyifxGufoGm;w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm Muufuav;&JU atmfoH

Mum;vdkY 'dwf'dwf ajy;Munfhvdkufawmh pGefwpfaumif[m wpfaumifwnf; xGufajy;aewJh Muufu

av;udk vkduftkyfaewmudk awGUvkdufw,f/ 'dwf'dwfvnf; toHukefatmf[pfum armif;xkwfvdkuf&m

pGefvnf; aMumufvefYNyD; ysHajy;wmeJY Muufuav;udk jyefu,fwifEdkifcJhw,f/

tJ'Dtcg 'dwf'dwfacgif;xJrSm aemufxyftawG;wpfck jyef0ifvmw,f/ rdbpum;

em;raxmif&if raumif;bl;qkdwm od&Sdvmw,f/ tJ'DaeYrSpNyD; rdbpum; tNrJem;axmifyghr,fvdkY

qHk;jzwfvkdufawmhw,f/

(ZkdrD;-csif;yHkjyif)

41

17/ ÓPftajrmftjrif&SdwJh iSufazaz17/ ÓPftajrmftjrif&SdwJh iSufazaz17/ ÓPftajrmftjrif&SdwJh iSufazaz17/ ÓPftajrmftjrif&SdwJh iSufazaz17/ ÓPftajrmftjrif&SdwJh iSufazaz

wpfcgwkef;u iSufrdom;pkav;&SdowJhuG,f/ iSufazaz? iSufarareJY iSufuav;ESpfaumif

&SdowJhuG,f/ olwdkUrdom;pk[m opfyifav;wpfyifrSm todkufaqmufNyD;aeowJh/ olwdkYrdom;pk[m

odyfudkaysmf&TifMuw,f/ aysmf&TifrIawGeJY jynfhaewJhrdom;pkaygh/

wpfaeYrSmawmh olwdkUtodkufaqmufwJh opfyif&JUyifpnfem;udk tifrwefBuD;wJh a>rBuD;

wpfaumifvmowJh/ wjznf;jznf;eJU opfyifay: wufvmw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm iSufuav;awG[m odyfudk

aMumufvefYaeMuw,f/ iSufazazeJY iSufararuvnf; t&rf;pdk;&drfaeMuw,f/ b,fvdkvkyf&if

aumif;rvJvdkY tBuHxkwfMuw,f/ 'DvdkeJY iSufazaz[m [dk;ta0;BuD;udk ysHoef;oGm;owJh/ NyD;awmh

teDa&mifopf&Gufuav;awG ,lvmvdkuf jyefoGm;vdkufeJY t&rf;tvkyf½Iyfaew,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm

a>rBuD;vnf; wjznf;jznf;eJY iSufodkufqDudk OD;wnfvmaew,f/ 'DvdkeJY iSufazaz[m todkufxJrSm&SdwJh

iSufuav;awGudk teDa&mifopf&Gufuav;awGeJY zHk;vdkufowJh/ tJ'Dtcg a>rBuD;[m vefYzsyfNyD;

atmufudk tjrefqif;oGm;owJh/ bmjzpfvdkY ajy;qif;oGm;ovJqdkawmh iSufazaz,lvmwJh teDa&mif

opf&Gufuav;awG[m a>rBuD;twGuf tqdyfjzpfaevdkYaygh/ aemufqkH;awmh iSufrdom;pk[m a>rBuD;&JU

tEÅ&m,fu vGwfajrmufNyD; aysmfaysmf&Tif&Tif aexdkifoGm;MuowJhuG,f/

(wefY&Srf;em*yHkjyif)

18/ tBuHaumif;aom Muufr18/ tBuHaumif;aom Muufr18/ tBuHaumif;aom Muufr18/ tBuHaumif;aom Muufr18/ tBuHaumif;aom Muufr

wpfcgwkef;u MuufrBuD;eJY Muufuav;awG awmxJrSm tpm&SmaeMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm

aMumifwpfaumifu Muufuav;awGudkpm;csifawmh MuufrBuD;udk ar;vdkufw,f/ ]]'Dn eifwdkY

b,frSmtddyfrSmvJ}} ]]'DnigwdkYawmifay:rSmtdyfr,fvdkY}} MuufrBuD;u jyefajymvdkufw,f/ nrdk;csKyfawmh

aMumifuolwdkYudk awmifay:rSm oGm;&Smwmaygh/ tJ'DtcsdeffrSm olwdkYu awmifatmufrSm oGm;tdyf

Muw,f/

aemufwpf&uf aMumifu olwdkYudk xyfar;jyefw,f/ ]]'Dna&meifwdkY b,frSm tdyfrSmvJ}}

MuufrBuD;u ]]igwdkY awmifatmufrSm tdyfr,f}}vdkY jyefajymvdkufw,f/ rdk;csKyfawmh anmif ...

anmif...aMumif[m olwdkYudk awmifatmufrSm oGm;&Smawmh olwdkYu awmifay:rSm oGm;tdyf

jyefw,f/ aMumifu aemufqHk;wpfBudrf xyfar;jyefw,f ]]'Dna&m eifwdkY b,frSm tdyfrSmvJ}}

MuufrBuD;u ]]awmifay:a&m awmifatmufa&m oGm;tdyfr,f}}vdkY ajymvdkufw,f/

ntcsdefa&mufjyefawmh aMumifu olwdkYudk awmifay:a&m awmifatmufa&m vdkuf&Sm

wmaygh/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm olwdkYu bl;oD;cGHxJrSm oGm;tdyfvdkufw,f/ nOfheufvmwJhtcsdefrSm Muuf

ti,fqHk;av;wpfaumif[m ]]arar om;om; tD;aygufcsifw,f}}vkdY ajymw,f/ MuufrBuD;u

]]raygufeJY tjyifrSm aMumif&Sdw,f olMum;oGm;&if igwdkYukd tukefvHk; zrf;pm;oGm;vddrfhr,f}}vkdY jyefajym

vkdufw,f/

42

]]om;om;atmifhxm;vdkY r&awmhbl; enf;enf;av; aygufvdkufr,faemf}} ]]at; enf;enf;

av;yJ aygufaemf}} Muufuav;u tD;udk enf;enf;qdkNyD; aygufvdkufwm ]]bkef;}}qkdNyD; bll;oD;cGH

uGJoGm;awmh aMumifuvefYNyD; xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ MuufrBuD;eJY Muufuav;awGvnf; aysmf&TifpGmeJY

tpm&Sm xGufoGm;Muawmhw,f/

(u,m;yHkjyif)

19/ aus;Zl;odwwfaom yk&Gufqdwf19/ aus;Zl;odwwfaom yk&Gufqdwf19/ aus;Zl;odwwfaom yk&Gufqdwf19/ aus;Zl;odwwfaom yk&Gufqdwf19/ aus;Zl;odwwfaom yk&Gufqdwf

wpfcgu yk&Gufqdwfwpfaumif[m tpm&SmxGufwkef; olUtazmfeJY uGJoGm;w,f/ ol[m

tazmfudk vdkuf&SmzdkY opfyifay:udk wufvkdufw,f/ opfyif[m aqG;jrnfhaeNyDjzpfwJhtwGuf

opfudkif;[m ]*Rwf}qdkNyD; ½kwfw&ufusKd;usoGm;w,f/ 'geJYyk&Gufqdwf[m opfudkif;ay:u aejyKwfusNyD;

acsmif;xJusoGm;w,f/ yk&Gufqdwf[m a&eJYarsmygNyD; ]u,fMuygOD;? u,fMuygOD;}vdkY atmfw,f/

yk&Gufqdwf&JUatmfoHudk tjcm;opfyifwpfyifay:rSm em;aewJhiSufu Mum;oGm;w,f/ iSufu

yk&Gufqdwfudk ulnDzkdY olU&JUtodkufudk csDrNyD; a&xJypfcsay;vdkufw,f/ yk&Gufqdwfav;[m iSuf&JU

todkufudk cdkpD;NyD; a&ab;uae vGwfajrmufoGm;w,f/ yk&Gufqdwfav;[m ]aus;Zl;wifvkdufwm

iSufuav;&,f}vdkY ajymvdkufw,f/

aemufwpfaeYa&mufawmh yk&Gufqdwf[m tpm&SmxGufjyefw,f/ rarQmfvifhbJ vlwpfa,muf

[m opfyifay:rSm todkuftopfjyefaqmufaewJh iSufudk av;cGeJY ypfzdkYcsdefaewmudk awGUvkdufw,f/

'geJY yk&Gufqdwf[m ]'DiSuf[m ightoufudku,fcJhzl;wmyJ? igvnf;olUtoufudku,f&r,f}qdkNyD;

tJ'Dvl&JUajcaxmufudk ajy;udkufvdkufw,f/ yk&GufqdwftudkufcH&wmaMumifh tJ'Dvl[m ]tm;}vdkY

atmfvdkufw,f/ tJ'Dvl&JUtoHaMumifh iSuf[mvefYNyD; ysHoGm;w,f/ 'geJYyJ yk&Gufqdwf[m iSufudk

jyefvnfulnDvdkuf&wJhtwGuf tvGef0rf;omyDwd jzpf&awmhowJh/

(ua,m-u,m;yHkjyif)

43

20/ t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJY20/ t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJY20/ t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJY20/ t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJY20/ t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJY

wpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm anmifyifBuD;wpfyif&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DanmifyifBuD;&JU t&dyfrSmwpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm anmifyifBuD;wpfyif&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DanmifyifBuD;&JU t&dyfrSmwpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm anmifyifBuD;wpfyif&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DanmifyifBuD;&JU t&dyfrSmwpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm anmifyifBuD;wpfyif&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DanmifyifBuD;&JU t&dyfrSmwpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm anmifyifBuD;wpfyif&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DanmifyifBuD;&JU t&dyfrSm

oGm;vmolwkdif;u tarmajytyef;ajzavY&SdMuw,f/oGm;vmolwkdif;u tarmajytyef;ajzavY&SdMuw,f/oGm;vmolwkdif;u tarmajytyef;ajzavY&SdMuw,f/oGm;vmolwkdif;u tarmajytyef;ajzavY&SdMuw,f/oGm;vmolwkdif;u tarmajytyef;ajzavY&SdMuw,f/

wpfaeYawmY vli,fwpfpku tJ'DanmifyifBuD;ukdckwfNyD; anmifap;awGukd trsm;BuD;xkwf,lwpfaeYawmY vli,fwpfpku tJ'DanmifyifBuD;ukdckwfNyD; anmifap;awGukd trsm;BuD;xkwf,lwpfaeYawmY vli,fwpfpku tJ'DanmifyifBuD;ukdckwfNyD; anmifap;awGukd trsm;BuD;xkwf,lwpfaeYawmY vli,fwpfpku tJ'DanmifyifBuD;ukdckwfNyD; anmifap;awGukd trsm;BuD;xkwf,lwpfaeYawmY vli,fwpfpku tJ'DanmifyifBuD;ukdckwfNyD; anmifap;awGukd trsm;BuD;xkwf,l

cJhMuw,f/ MumvmwJYtcgusawmY tJ'DanmifyifBuD;[m ajcmufuyfNyD; aooGm;ygw,f/ tJ'DcJhMuw,f/ MumvmwJYtcgusawmY tJ'DanmifyifBuD;[m ajcmufuyfNyD; aooGm;ygw,f/ tJ'DcJhMuw,f/ MumvmwJYtcgusawmY tJ'DanmifyifBuD;[m ajcmufuyfNyD; aooGm;ygw,f/ tJ'DcJhMuw,f/ MumvmwJYtcgusawmY tJ'DanmifyifBuD;[m ajcmufuyfNyD; aooGm;ygw,f/ tJ'DcJhMuw,f/ MumvmwJYtcgusawmY tJ'DanmifyifBuD;[m ajcmufuyfNyD; aooGm;ygw,f/ tJ'D

anmifyifajcmufBuD;ay:rSm yk&Gufqdwfav;awGpkvmMuNyD; opfyifem;rSm vmwJUolrSeforSsukd 0kdif;ukdufanmifyifajcmufBuD;ay:rSm yk&Gufqdwfav;awGpkvmMuNyD; opfyifem;rSm vmwJUolrSeforSsukd 0kdif;ukdufanmifyifajcmufBuD;ay:rSm yk&Gufqdwfav;awGpkvmMuNyD; opfyifem;rSm vmwJUolrSeforSsukd 0kdif;ukdufanmifyifajcmufBuD;ay:rSm yk&Gufqdwfav;awGpkvmMuNyD; opfyifem;rSm vmwJUolrSeforSsukd 0kdif;ukdufanmifyifajcmufBuD;ay:rSm yk&Gufqdwfav;awGpkvmMuNyD; opfyifem;rSm vmwJUolrSeforSsukd 0kdif;ukduf

vkdufMuw,f/vkdufMuw,f/vkdufMuw,f/vkdufMuw,f/vkdufMuw,f/

tJ'DtcsdefrSm vli,fwpfpku pdwfqkd;NyD; anmifyifajcmufBuD;ukd ckwfypfum ]]tusdK;r&Sd?tJ'DtcsdefrSm vli,fwpfpku pdwfqkd;NyD; anmifyifajcmufBuD;ukd ckwfypfum ]]tusdK;r&Sd?tJ'DtcsdefrSm vli,fwpfpku pdwfqkd;NyD; anmifyifajcmufBuD;ukd ckwfypfum ]]tusdK;r&Sd?tJ'DtcsdefrSm vli,fwpfpku pdwfqkd;NyD; anmifyifajcmufBuD;ukd ckwfypfum ]]tusdK;r&Sd?tJ'DtcsdefrSm vli,fwpfpku pdwfqkd;NyD; anmifyifajcmufBuD;ukd ckwfypfum ]]tusdK;r&Sd?

tokH;ruswJh anmifajcmufBuD;}}vdkY usdefqJNyD; ykqdefeJY ckwf? vTeJY jzwfvkdufMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmtokH;ruswJh anmifajcmufBuD;}}vdkY usdefqJNyD; ykqdefeJY ckwf? vTeJY jzwfvkdufMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmtokH;ruswJh anmifajcmufBuD;}}vdkY usdefqJNyD; ykqdefeJY ckwf? vTeJY jzwfvkdufMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmtokH;ruswJh anmifajcmufBuD;}}vdkY usdefqJNyD; ykqdefeJY ckwf? vTeJY jzwfvkdufMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSmtokH;ruswJh anmifajcmufBuD;}}vdkY usdefqJNyD; ykqdefeJY ckwf? vTeJY jzwfvkdufMuw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm

anmifajcmufBuD;xvmNyD; ]]igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;wJYtcsdefawG enf;enf;av;awmif rrSwfrdMuawmhanmifajcmufBuD;xvmNyD; ]]igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;wJYtcsdefawG enf;enf;av;awmif rrSwfrdMuawmhanmifajcmufBuD;xvmNyD; ]]igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;wJYtcsdefawG enf;enf;av;awmif rrSwfrdMuawmhanmifajcmufBuD;xvmNyD; ]]igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;wJYtcsdefawG enf;enf;av;awmif rrSwfrdMuawmhanmifajcmufBuD;xvmNyD; ]]igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;wJYtcsdefawG enf;enf;av;awmif rrSwfrdMuawmh

bl;vm;}}[k jyefajymvkdufygw,f/bl;vm;}}[k jyefajymvkdufygw,f/bl;vm;}}[k jyefajymvkdufygw,f/bl;vm;}}[k jyefajymvkdufygw,f/bl;vm;}}[k jyefajymvkdufygw,f/

]]igY&JUtap;awGukd rxkwfbJ tukdif;tcufawGrckwf&if tNrJpdrf;NyD; igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;Edkif]]igY&JUtap;awGukd rxkwfbJ tukdif;tcufawGrckwf&if tNrJpdrf;NyD; igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;Edkif]]igY&JUtap;awGukd rxkwfbJ tukdif;tcufawGrckwf&if tNrJpdrf;NyD; igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;Edkif]]igY&JUtap;awGukd rxkwfbJ tukdif;tcufawGrckwf&if tNrJpdrf;NyD; igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;Edkif]]igY&JUtap;awGukd rxkwfbJ tukdif;tcufawGrckwf&if tNrJpdrf;NyD; igYt&dyfrSm ckdem;Edkif

rSmav}}vdkYvnf; ajymvkdufygw,f/rSmav}}vdkYvnf; ajymvkdufygw,f/rSmav}}vdkYvnf; ajymvkdufygw,f/rSmav}}vdkYvnf; ajymvkdufygw,f/rSmav}}vdkYvnf; ajymvkdufygw,f/

NyD;awmY ]]t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJYaygY}}vdkY ajymvkdufowhJuG,f/ tJ'DrSmwif vli,fwpfpkNyD;awmY ]]t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJYaygY}}vdkY ajymvkdufowhJuG,f/ tJ'DrSmwif vli,fwpfpkNyD;awmY ]]t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJYaygY}}vdkY ajymvkdufowhJuG,f/ tJ'DrSmwif vli,fwpfpkNyD;awmY ]]t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJYaygY}}vdkY ajymvkdufowhJuG,f/ tJ'DrSmwif vli,fwpfpkNyD;awmY ]]t&dyfvkdvSsif tyifrckwfeJYaygY}}vdkY ajymvkdufowhJuG,f/ tJ'DrSmwif vli,fwpfpk

olwkdY rqifrjcif anmifyifBuD;ukd ckwfrdMuwm aemifw&awmhowJhuG,f/olwkdY rqifrjcif anmifyifBuD;ukd ckwfrdMuwm aemifw&awmhowJhuG,f/olwkdY rqifrjcif anmifyifBuD;ukd ckwfrdMuwm aemifw&awmhowJhuG,f/olwkdY rqifrjcif anmifyifBuD;ukd ckwfrdMuwm aemifw&awmhowJhuG,f/olwkdY rqifrjcif anmifyifBuD;ukd ckwfrdMuwm aemifw&awmhowJhuG,f/

(aigef-csif;yHkjyif)

21/ atmufcsif;iSuf21/ atmufcsif;iSuf21/ atmufcsif;iSuf21/ atmufcsif;iSuf21/ atmufcsif;iSuf

wpfcgwkef;u nDtpfudkESpfa,muf&Sdw,f/ iSufawGaewwfwJh todkufawGudk&SmzdkU awmxJ

xGufvmw,f/ ausmufwHk;BuD;tay:&Sd opfyifxdyfzsm;ay:rSm atmufcsif;iSufwpfodkufudk awGUvdkuf

w,f/ 'geJU tpfudkBuD;u wufNyD; iSufodkufudkMunfhvdkufawmh iSufOoHk;vHk; awGUvdkufw,f/ olUnDu

O,lvmzdkY ajymw,f/ 'geJY OwpfvHk;udk tdwfuyfxJ xnfhNyD; ,lvmw,f/ opfudkif;eJY xdNyD; uGJoGm;w,f/

aemufwpfvHk;udk vG,ftdwfxJ xnfhNyD;,lvmw,f/ 'gayrJh opfudkif;eJY xdNyD; uGJoGm;jyefw,f/aemufqHk;

wpfvHk;udk yg;pyfxJxnfhNyD; ,lvmawmh yg;pyfxJrSmuGJNyD; rsKdcsrdw,f/ csufcsif;yJ atmufcsif;iSuf

jzpfoGm;w,f/ nDav;uawmh idkwmaygh/ tpfudku olUt&dyftwdkif; vdkufzdkYrSmw,f/ aemufqHk;&Gm

jyefa&mufw,f/

olUnDav;&Jh pm;0wfaea&;twGuf tpfudkjzpfwJh atmufcsif;iSufu oGefoifvrf;jyw,f/

aemufqHk;rSmawmh nDu ypönf;Opöm<u,f0wJhtjyif oD;ESHawGvnf; <u,f0vmw,f/ oHkk;ESpfjynfhwJh

tcg atmifyGJvkyfzkdYtwGuf olUnDeJY &Gmom;awGu atmufcsif;iSufawmifyHeJY tNrD;udk awmif;Muw,f/

tpfudkatmufcsif;iSufu apwemxm;NyD; olUnDwdkY vkdcsifoavmufay;vkdufawmh tpfudkBuD;[m

rysHEdkifawmhbl;/ nDu olyGJvkyfwJhtcsdefwGif;omru tpfudkatmufcsif;iSuf tNrD;tawmif jyefpHkwJh

txd jyKpkvdkufw,f/ tarG;tawmifawGjyefpkHvmawmh nDudkEIwfqufNyD; ysHoGm;awmhw,f/

44

'DtcsdefupNyD; atmufcsif;iSuf[m jyefrvmawmhayrJh atmufcsif;iSuf&JU enf;ay;vrf;jy

rIaMumifh csif;vlrsKd;awG[m pkdufysKd;a&;? arG;jrLa&;vkyfief;awGudk vkyfwwfvmMuw,f/

'gaMumifh csif;vlrsdK;awG[m atmufcsif;iSufukd tjrwfwEkd;xm;wJhtjyif csif;vlrsKd;awG&JU

trSwftom;wpfcktjzpfvnf; toHk;jyKMuw,f/

(pD,if;-csif;yHkjyif)

22/ pmemwwfwJh 0uf0HMuD;22/ pmemwwfwJh 0uf0HMuD;22/ pmemwwfwJh 0uf0HMuD;22/ pmemwwfwJh 0uf0HMuD;22/ pmemwwfwJh 0uf0HMuD;

wpfcgwkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm uav;awG[m vG,ftdwf? avmufpmvkH;? av;cGukd,fpDeJY

o&ufoD;cl;zdkY awmxJxGufvmMuowhJ/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm rkd;onf;xefpGm &GmoGef;vmwmaMumifh tdrfukd

rjyefEkdifMubJ rkd;a&awGeJY awmxJrSm tcsdefftMumBuD; aeMu&owhJ/ tdrfrSmusefcJhwJh rdbawGvnf;

tvGefpdwfylaeMuowhJ/ rkd;uvnf;qufwkdufom &GmoGef;aewmaygh/ rkd;a&awGxJrSm uav;awG[m

t&rf;csrf;vmwmaMumifh tat;rdukefMuNyD; tm;vkH;owdvpfoGm;MuawmhowhJ/

tJ'DtcsdefrSm 0uf0HBuD;wpfaumif[m owdvpfNyD;vJaeMuwJh uav;awGem;ukd a&mufvm

owhJ/ 0uf0HBuD;u owdvpfaewhJ uav;awGukd oem;wmaMumifh uav;awGtm;vkH;ukd olU&JU

&ifcGifxJrSm ayGUxm;NyD; taEG;"mwfvnf;&atmif rdk;a&vnf;xyfrpdkatmif vkyfay;owJh/

reufrkd;vif;vmawmh uav;awGvnf; 0uf0HBuD;&JU &ifcGifxJu taEG;"mwfaMumifh owd&

vmMuNyD; 0uf0HBuD;&JU&ifcGifxJrSm tdyfaysmfaeMuwmukd tvGefthHMo0rf;omMuowhJuG,f/

uav;awG[m t&rf;AkdufqmMuNyD; ikdMuwmayhg/ 0uf0HBuD;u o&ufoD;cl;NyD; uav;awGukd

auR;vkdufowhJ/ uav;awGvnf; tm;yg;w&pm;Muwmaygh/ 'DvkdeJU0uf0HBuD;eJYtwl uav;awG[m

aysmfyg;aeMuowhJ/

aemufaeYa&mufwJhtcg uav;awG&JU rdom;pkawGeJY &Gmol&Gmom;awG[m uav;awGudk

vkduf&SmMuowhJ/ uav;awGuvnf; olwkdYrdbawG&JU toHukdMum;wJhtcg ]]azaz arar}}vdkYk

atmfac:MuowhJ/ rdbawGuvnf; uav;awG&JUtoHukdMum;NyD; uav;awG&Sd&mukd vkdufoGm;awmh

olwkdYuav;awG bmrSrjzpfbJ touf&Sifaewmukd awGUMuowhJ/ tJ'DvkdeJY uav;awG&,f?

olwkdYrdbawG&,f aysmf&TifpGmeJY 0uf0HBuD;ukd EIwfqufNyD; &GmukdjyefoGm;MuowhJuG,f/

(vifoJpmay ykHjyif)

45

23/ vDql ESpfopful;opfyif23/ vDql ESpfopful;opfyif23/ vDql ESpfopful;opfyif23/ vDql ESpfopful;opfyif23/ vDql ESpfopful;opfyif

a&S;a&S;wkef;u &Gmwpf&GmrSm oabmaumif;wJh EkdeD;ac:trsKd;orD;wpfa,muf&Sdw,f/ olUrSm

om;ESpfa,muf&SdNyD; tBuD;u arG;pm;om;jzpfw,f/ ti,fuawmh EkdeD;&JU om;t&if;jzpfygw,f/

wpfaeYawmh EkdeD; awmif,mutjyefrSm ppfolBuD;ESifhawGUawmh ppfolBuD;u ti,fukdawmh

vrf;avQmufckdif;NyD; tBuD;ukdawmh bmvkdYykd;xm;ovJvdkY ar;w,f/ EkdeD;u arG;pm;om;jzpfvkdY

ykd;xm;w,fvkdYajymwJhtwGuf ppfolBuD;u oabmaumif;wJh EkdeD;ukd rif;tcktdrfjyefNyD; tdrfa&SUrSm

opfyifpkdufxm;yg/ bk&ifBuD;u wpf&GmvkH;zsufqD;zkdY vTwfvkdufvkdY igwkdYvmwm/ 'gayrJh rif;tdrfukdawmh

csefxm;r,fvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/

EkdeD;vnf; tjrefjyefvm&if;eJY wpf&GmvkH;r&Sd&ifighwpftdrfyJ usefaevdkYrjzpfbl;/ wpf&GmvkH;

aus;Zl;eJY igwkdYu touf&Sifaewm/ 'gaMumifh &GmukdulnDr,fvkdYpOf;pm;w,f/ tdrfukda&mufawmh

uav;ESpfa,mufukd odyfxm;cJhNyD; wpfnvkH; awmxJu opfyifawGukd ckwfw,f/ NyD;awmh&GmxJu

tdrfawGa&SUrSm opfyifawG pkdufay;awmhwmaygh/ wpfnvkH; opfyifawGukdckwfvkduf tdrfa&SUrSm

pkdufvkdufeJY EkdeD;wpfa,mufwnf; vkyfaewmaygh/

rkd;vif;awmh EkdeD;vnf;yifyef;aewJhtwGuf oltdrfa&SUrSm opfyifrpkdufEkdifawmhbl;/ ppfolBuD;u

&GmxJukda&mufvmawmh wpf&GmvkH;&JUtdrfa&SUrSm opfyifawG pkdufxm;vdkY tHhMooGm;w,f/ aocsm

vkdufMunfhawmh opfyifrpkdufxm;wJh tdrfwpftdrfawGUw,f/ 0ifoGm;Munfhawmh EkdeD; tdrfjzpfae

w,fwJh/ ppfolBuD;uvnf; ]]'gb,fvkdjzpfwmvJ...}}vkdYar;vkdufawmh EkdeD;uvnf; ]]ppfolBuD;

usef;rmygap? wpf&GmvkH;r&SdvkdY rjzpfbl;/ opfyifrpkdufxm;wJh uRefrtdrfukdom zsufvkdufyg}}vkdY

ajymvkdufw,f/ ppfolBuD;vnf; ]]rif;u wpf&GmvkH;ukdulnDwJhtwGuf rif;ukdqkcsr,f/ bk&ifBuD;ukdvnf;

awmif;yefay;r,f}}vdkY ajymw,f/ wpf&GmvHk;uvn;f EkdeD;udk aus;Zl;wiMfuNyD; aysmfaysmf&Tif&TifeJY

opfyifudk 0dkif;NyD; uMuwmaygh/ tJ'DcsdefupNyD; vDqlwkdif;&if;om;awGu ESpfopful;a&mufwkdif;

tdrfa&SUrSm opfyifpkdufMuwmaygh/

(vDql-ucsifyHkjyif)

46

24/ olrsm;raumif;BuH ab;'Pfxd24/ olrsm;raumif;BuH ab;'Pfxd24/ olrsm;raumif;BuH ab;'Pfxd24/ olrsm;raumif;BuH ab;'Pfxd24/ olrsm;raumif;BuH ab;'Pfxd

wpfcgwkef;u aMumifjzLav;wpfaumif[m tdrfjzLav;wpfvkH;ykdifw,f/ tJ'DtdrfvSvSav;ukdwpfcgwkef;u aMumifjzLav;wpfaumif[m tdrfjzLav;wpfvkH;ykdifw,f/ tJ'DtdrfvSvSav;ukdwpfcgwkef;u aMumifjzLav;wpfaumif[m tdrfjzLav;wpfvkH;ykdifw,f/ tJ'DtdrfvSvSav;ukdwpfcgwkef;u aMumifjzLav;wpfaumif[m tdrfjzLav;wpfvkH;ykdifw,f/ tJ'DtdrfvSvSav;ukdwpfcgwkef;u aMumifjzLav;wpfaumif[m tdrfjzLav;wpfvkH;ykdifw,f/ tJ'DtdrfvSvSav;ukd

qdwfrBuD;wpfaumifu vk,lvkdufw,f/ tJ'DaMumifjzLav;[m t&rf;ukdpdwfysufNyD; ajcOD;wnfh&mqdwfrBuD;wpfaumifu vk,lvkdufw,f/ tJ'DaMumifjzLav;[m t&rf;ukdpdwfysufNyD; ajcOD;wnfh&mqdwfrBuD;wpfaumifu vk,lvkdufw,f/ tJ'DaMumifjzLav;[m t&rf;ukdpdwfysufNyD; ajcOD;wnfh&mqdwfrBuD;wpfaumifu vk,lvkdufw,f/ tJ'DaMumifjzLav;[m t&rf;ukdpdwfysufNyD; ajcOD;wnfh&mqdwfrBuD;wpfaumifu vk,lvkdufw,f/ tJ'DaMumifjzLav;[m t&rf;ukdpdwfysufNyD; ajcOD;wnfh&m

avSsmufoGm;aew,fuG,f/ 'DcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;ukd jcaoFYu jrifvkdufw,f/ jcaoFYuvnf;avSsmufoGm;aew,fuG,f/ 'DcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;ukd jcaoFYu jrifvkdufw,f/ jcaoFYuvnf;avSsmufoGm;aew,fuG,f/ 'DcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;ukd jcaoFYu jrifvkdufw,f/ jcaoFYuvnf;avSsmufoGm;aew,fuG,f/ 'DcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;ukd jcaoFYu jrifvkdufw,f/ jcaoFYuvnf;avSsmufoGm;aew,fuG,f/ 'DcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;ukd jcaoFYu jrifvkdufw,f/ jcaoFYuvnf;

igu,fr,fvkdYajymNyD; tdrfjzLav;qDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm qdwfrBuD;u igYcsdKvnf;igu,fr,fvkdYajymNyD; tdrfjzLav;qDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm qdwfrBuD;u igYcsdKvnf;igu,fr,fvkdYajymNyD; tdrfjzLav;qDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm qdwfrBuD;u igYcsdKvnf;igu,fr,fvkdYajymNyD; tdrfjzLav;qDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm qdwfrBuD;u igYcsdKvnf;igu,fr,fvkdYajymNyD; tdrfjzLav;qDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm qdwfrBuD;u igYcsdKvnf;

&Snfw,f/ tNrdD;vnf; &Snfw,f/ igYtNrD;wpfcsuf vIyfvkduf&if vltrsm;BuD; aow,fvdkY ajymvnf;&Snfw,f/ tNrdD;vnf; &Snfw,f/ igYtNrD;wpfcsuf vIyfvkduf&if vltrsm;BuD; aow,fvdkY ajymvnf;&Snfw,f/ tNrdD;vnf; &Snfw,f/ igYtNrD;wpfcsuf vIyfvkduf&if vltrsm;BuD; aow,fvdkY ajymvnf;&Snfw,f/ tNrdD;vnf; &Snfw,f/ igYtNrD;wpfcsuf vIyfvkduf&if vltrsm;BuD; aow,fvdkY ajymvnf;&Snfw,f/ tNrdD;vnf; &Snfw,f/ igYtNrD;wpfcsuf vIyfvkduf&if vltrsm;BuD; aow,fvdkY ajymvnf;

ajyma&m jcaoFhESifh aMumifjzLav;u aMumufNyD; jyefxGufoGm;Muw,f/ajyma&m jcaoFhESifh aMumifjzLav;u aMumufNyD; jyefxGufoGm;Muw,f/ajyma&m jcaoFhESifh aMumifjzLav;u aMumufNyD; jyefxGufoGm;Muw,f/ajyma&m jcaoFhESifh aMumifjzLav;u aMumufNyD; jyefxGufoGm;Muw,f/ajyma&m jcaoFhESifh aMumifjzLav;u aMumufNyD; jyefxGufoGm;Muw,f/

tJ'DtcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;[m ajcOD;wnfU&mavSsmufoGm;jyefawmY uPef;BuD;wpfaumifESifhtJ'DtcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;[m ajcOD;wnfU&mavSsmufoGm;jyefawmY uPef;BuD;wpfaumifESifhtJ'DtcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;[m ajcOD;wnfU&mavSsmufoGm;jyefawmY uPef;BuD;wpfaumifESifhtJ'DtcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;[m ajcOD;wnfU&mavSsmufoGm;jyefawmY uPef;BuD;wpfaumifESifhtJ'DtcsdefrSm aMumifjzLav;[m ajcOD;wnfU&mavSsmufoGm;jyefawmY uPef;BuD;wpfaumifESifh

awGUw,f/ aMumifjzLav;uvnf; olUtcuftcJukd ajymjyvkdufw,f/ igu,fr,fqkdNyD; qdwfrBuD;awGUw,f/ aMumifjzLav;uvnf; olUtcuftcJukd ajymjyvkdufw,f/ igu,fr,fqkdNyD; qdwfrBuD;awGUw,f/ aMumifjzLav;uvnf; olUtcuftcJukd ajymjyvkdufw,f/ igu,fr,fqkdNyD; qdwfrBuD;awGUw,f/ aMumifjzLav;uvnf; olUtcuftcJukd ajymjyvkdufw,f/ igu,fr,fqkdNyD; qdwfrBuD;awGUw,f/ aMumifjzLav;uvnf; olUtcuftcJukd ajymjyvkdufw,f/ igu,fr,fqkdNyD; qdwfrBuD;

qdDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ qdwfrBuD;uvnf; t&ifvkd<um;NyD; ajymvkdufw,f/ uPef;BuD;uvnf;qdDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ qdwfrBuD;uvnf; t&ifvkd<um;NyD; ajymvkdufw,f/ uPef;BuD;uvnf;qdDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ qdwfrBuD;uvnf; t&ifvkd<um;NyD; ajymvkdufw,f/ uPef;BuD;uvnf;qdDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ qdwfrBuD;uvnf; t&ifvkd<um;NyD; ajymvkdufw,f/ uPef;BuD;uvnf;qdDukd jyefoGm;Muw,f/ qdwfrBuD;uvnf; t&ifvkd<um;NyD; ajymvkdufw,f/ uPef;BuD;uvnf;

igraMumufbl; xGufcJUprf;ygvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/ qdwfrBuD;vnf; wHcg;zGifhNyD; xGufvkdufw,f/igraMumufbl; xGufcJUprf;ygvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/ qdwfrBuD;vnf; wHcg;zGifhNyD; xGufvkdufw,f/igraMumufbl; xGufcJUprf;ygvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/ qdwfrBuD;vnf; wHcg;zGifhNyD; xGufvkdufw,f/igraMumufbl; xGufcJUprf;ygvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/ qdwfrBuD;vnf; wHcg;zGifhNyD; xGufvkdufw,f/igraMumufbl; xGufcJUprf;ygvdkY ajymvkdufw,f/ qdwfrBuD;vnf; wHcg;zGifhNyD; xGufvkdufw,f/

uPef;BuD;uvnf; qdwfrBuD;&JU tNrD;ukd n§yfypfvkdufw,f/uPef;BuD;uvnf; qdwfrBuD;&JU tNrD;ukd n§yfypfvkdufw,f/uPef;BuD;uvnf; qdwfrBuD;&JU tNrD;ukd n§yfypfvkdufw,f/uPef;BuD;uvnf; qdwfrBuD;&JU tNrD;ukd n§yfypfvkdufw,f/uPef;BuD;uvnf; qdwfrBuD;&JU tNrD;ukd n§yfypfvkdufw,f/

qdwfrBuD;vnf; emvGef;vkdY xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ aMumifjzLav;vnf; olYtdrfudk jyefoGm;qdwfrBuD;vnf; emvGef;vkdY xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ aMumifjzLav;vnf; olYtdrfudk jyefoGm;qdwfrBuD;vnf; emvGef;vkdY xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ aMumifjzLav;vnf; olYtdrfudk jyefoGm;qdwfrBuD;vnf; emvGef;vkdY xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ aMumifjzLav;vnf; olYtdrfudk jyefoGm;qdwfrBuD;vnf; emvGef;vkdY xGufajy;oGm;w,f/ aMumifjzLav;vnf; olYtdrfudk jyefoGm;

&w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; olrsm;udk raumif;BuHwJh qdwfrBuD;[m tNrD;wkdav;jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'DaeYtxd&w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; olrsm;udk raumif;BuHwJh qdwfrBuD;[m tNrD;wkdav;jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'DaeYtxd&w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; olrsm;udk raumif;BuHwJh qdwfrBuD;[m tNrD;wkdav;jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'DaeYtxd&w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; olrsm;udk raumif;BuHwJh qdwfrBuD;[m tNrD;wkdav;jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'DaeYtxd&w,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; olrsm;udk raumif;BuHwJh qdwfrBuD;[m tNrD;wkdav;jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'DaeYtxd

qdwfawG[m tNrD;wkdav;eJYyJ ae&awmhw,f/qdwfawG[m tNrD;wkdav;eJYyJ ae&awmhw,f/qdwfawG[m tNrD;wkdav;eJYyJ ae&awmhw,f/qdwfawG[m tNrD;wkdav;eJYyJ ae&awmhw,f/qdwfawG[m tNrD;wkdav;eJYyJ ae&awmhw,f/

(aigef-csif;yHkjyif)

25/ MuufrESifh abmufu,fiSuf25/ MuufrESifh abmufu,fiSuf25/ MuufrESifh abmufu,fiSuf25/ MuufrESifh abmufu,fiSuf25/ MuufrESifh abmufu,fiSuf

[dk;a&S;a&S;wkef;u a':MuufreJY rabmufu,fqkdwJh oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf[m wpfa,mufudk

wpfa,muf awmfawmfcspfcifMuw,f/ tcsif;csif; ulnDMu? twlupm;Mu? twlpm;Mu? twl

oGm;Muw,f/ rabmufu,fu a':Muufr&JU zifu tarG;eDeD? vSvSav;ukd tvGefvdkcsifw,f/

wpfaeYawmh rabmufu,fu ]]a':MuufrBuD;&,f? aus;Zl;jyKNyD;? ta':h&JU zifydkif;u tarG;eDeDBuD;udk

uRefrudkay;ygvm;? t&rf;vSvdkY? uRefreJYqdk tvGefvdkufzufrSmyJ}}vdkY awmif;yef&Smw,f/ a':Muufr

uvnf; ]][m rjzpfEdkifbl;? ray;Edkifbl;? uRefrvnf;vScsifwmaygh}}vdkY jyefajymw,f/ rabmufu,fu

tarG;eDeDav;ukd aeYwdkif;vdkvdk awmif;w,f/

wpfaeYawmh a':Muufruvnf; olUrdwfaqG rabmufu,fukd oem;vmw,f/ ]]uJ...

rabmufu,f? wu,fvdkY rif;ukd ightarG;eDeDay;&if eifu igUudkbmjyefvkyfay;rvJ}} vdkY ajymw,f/

rabmufu,f ]]atmf[kwfNyD a':Muufr? uRefrudk tarG;eDeDav;ay;&if uRefru ta':csufcsif;

rjrifwJh ta':h&JU&efol odef;iSufvmwmeJU uRefr csufcsif;tcsufay;r,f/ uRefru wpfoufvHk;

uif;apmifhay;r,f/ ta':&JU rsdK;quftm;vHk;udkvnf; uRefrwdkY trsdK;awGu apmifha&Smuf

ay;r,f}}vdkY jyefajymw,f/ 'DvdkeJY wpfa,mufudk wpfa,muf uwday;Muw,f/ uwday;NyD;

aemufydkif;awmh a':Muufru olUtarG;eDav;udk EkwfNyD; rabmufu,fudk ay;vdkufw,f/

47

rabmufu,fuvnf; tarG;eDeDav; olUqDrSm wyfvkdufwJhtwGuf odyfudkvSoGm;w,f/

aysmfvJaysmfwmaygh? a':Muufruvnf; olUtarG;eDav; ay;vdkuf&ayrJh? rabmufu,f aysmfaewm?

vSaewmudk jrifawmh auseyfoGm;w,f/ aysmfvJaysmfoGm;w,f/ 'geJY 'DaeYxd a':Muufr&JU uav;

awGudk cdk;csDzkdY odef;iSufu wdwfwdwfav; opfyifay:u acsmif;aewmyJjzpfjzpf? rdk;aumif;uifay:u

ysH0JaewmudkyJjzpfjzpf rabmufu,fu csufcsif;jrifwmeJY ]]uwf... uwf...uwf...uwf...}}

eJY toHay;w,f/ toHMum;wmeJY a':Muufruvnf; olUuav;awG ac:oGm;NyD;? vHkNcHKwJhae&mudk

csufcsif;ajy;awmh &efolodef;iSuf vufuae vGwfoGm;w,f/ a':Muufruvnf; rabmufu,fudk

'DaeYxd uwdwnfaevdkY odyfudkaus;Zl;wifw,f/ rabmufu,fuvnf; a':Muufrudk 'DuaeYxd

odyfudk aus;Zl;wifvdkYrqHk;bl;/ rdwfaqGaumif;awG twlwlaeoGm;Muwmaygh/

(r&m-csif;yHkjyif)

26/ oli,fcsif;awG cspfMur,f26/ oli,fcsif;awG cspfMur,f26/ oli,fcsif;awG cspfMur,f26/ oli,fcsif;awG cspfMur,f26/ oli,fcsif;awG cspfMur,f

[dk;a&S;a&S;wkef;u oli,fcsif; oHk;a,muf&Sdw,f/ olwYdk[m awmxJrSm xif;ckwfzdk Y

xGufvmMu&if; awmifapmif;uae avQmNyD; awmifatmufudk vdrfhqif;oGm;Muw,f/ awmifatmuf

a&mufwJhtcg wpfa,mufu rsufvHk;apGoGm;w,f/ wpfa,mufu yg;&GJUoGm;NyD; aemufqHk;wpf

a,mufu cg;ukef;oGm;owJhuG,f/ olwdkYvnf; awmxJudk quf0ifvmMuwm awmpyfem;a&mufawmh

xGefjcpfwpfacsmif;uddk awGUwJhtcg ]]udkyg;&GJU}} u aumuffudkifNyD; xrf;vmw,f/ a&uefem;a&mufawmh

vdyfwpfaumifudk xyfawGUjyefa&m/ vdyfudkawmh ]]udkapG}}u ol&JU yvdkif;xJ aumufxnfhvmw,f/

aemufaeYreuf rdk;vif;awmh &Gmt0ifem;rSm AHkwdkav;wpfvHk;udk awGUw,f/ ]]udkcg;ukef;}} u AHkwdkav;udk

olUyvdkif;xJ aumufxnfhvmw,f/

'DvdkeJY c&D;qufvdkufwm awmtkyfBuD;wpfckxJudk a&mufoGm;w,f/ tJ'DawmtkyfBuD;rSm

bDvl;BuD;wpfaumif&SdowJh/ olwdkYudk bDvl;BuD;ujrifawmh ]]a[h ighydkifeufxJudk ighcGifhjyKcsufr&bJ

0ifvmwJh rif;wdkkYudk igpm;r,f}}vdkU ajymowJh? tJ'Ddawmh ]]udkcg;ukef;}}u ]]r&bl; rif;eJY igwkdY

NydKifMur,f}}vdkU ajymvdkufw,f/ bDvl;BuD;uvnf; ]]aumif;NyD- igEkdif&if rif;wdkYudkpm;r,f}} ? ]]rif;wdkY

Edkif&if a&TawG aiGawG ay;r,f}}vdkkY ajymvdkufw,f/

yxrqHk; ]]bDvl;BuD;}}u ]]rif;wdkYrSm 'DvkdrsdK;&Sdovm;}}vkdY ajymNyD; olUacgif;ay:u oef;

wpfaumifudk ypfcsvdkufw,f/ tJ'Dawmh ]]udkapG}}uvnf; 'DrSmMunhfqkdNyD; olUyvdkif;xJu vdyfBuD;udk

xkwfjyvdkufawmh bDvl;BuD;½IH;oGGm;w,f/ aemufwpfcg ]]bDvl;BuD;}} u ]]rif;wdkYrSm 'DvkdrsdK;&Sdovm;}}vkdY

ajymNyD; bD;wpfacsmif; ypfcsvdkufw,f? tJ'Dawmh ]]udk&GJU}}uvnf; 'DrSmMunhfqkdNyD; olxrf;vmwJh

xGefjcpfBuD;udk ypfcsay;vdkufawmh 'kwd,tBudrf bDvl;BuD;½HI;oGm;jyefw,f/ aemufqHk;tBudrf ]]bDvl;

BuD;}}u ]]rif;wdkYrSm 'DvkdrsdK;&Sdovm;}}vkdY ajymNyD; tD;aygufvdkufwm ]]bl;}}vdkY tus,fBuD;jrnfoGm;w,f/

]]udkcg;ukef;}}u 'DrSmMunhfqkdNyD; AHkudk xkwfNyD; ]]AkH....AHk}}vdkY tus,fBuD; jrnfatmifwD;vdkufw,f/

48

tJ'Dawmh bDvl;BuD; t½HI;ay;vdkuf&w,f/ a&TawG aiGawGudkvnf; ay;vdkuf&wmayhg/ a&TawGaiGawGudk

&NyD; cJGa0,lMuwJhtcg oHk;OD;om;pum;rsm; &efjzpfMuawmhw,f/ &efjzpfMu&if; ]]udkkyg;&GJU}}u ]]udkapG}}&JU

rsufvHk;udkxdk;vdkufwm apGaewJhrsufvHk; jyefwnfhoGm;w,f/ ]]udkapG}}uvnf; ab;em;rSm&SdwJY

]]udkcg;ukef;}}&JUaemufausmudk uefxnfhvdkkufwm ]]udkcg;ukef;}}vnf; cg;jyefqefYoGm;w,fwJY/

]]cg;ukef;BuD;}}uvnf; olUab;rSm&SdwJh ]]udkyg;&GJU}}&JUyg;udk pdwfqdk;NyD; ½dkufvdkufwm yg;vnf; jyefwnfh

oGm;w,fwJh/

]]a[h Munfhprf; wdkYtm;vHk; jyefaumif;oGm;MuNyD

igvnf; rsufvHk;rapGawmhbl;}}

]]igvnf; yg;r&GJUawmhbl;/}}

]]igvnf; cg;rukef;awmhbl;/}}

igwdkYoli,fcsif;awGvnf; &efrjzpfawmhbl; pnf;vHk;nDñGwfvdkY wdkYawGbDvl;BuD;udk EdkifcJhwm

aemufvnf;yJ tNrJpnf;vHk;nDñGwf&r,fqdkNyD; olwdkYtm;vHk; nDnDñGwfñGwfeJY c&D;twlwl qufoGm;

Muygawmhw,f/

(u&ifykHjyif)

27/ vlom;eJY qif27/ vlom;eJY qif27/ vlom;eJY qif27/ vlom;eJY qif27/ vlom;eJY qif

a&S;a&S;wkef;u qifeJY jcaoFhwdkY[m rdwfaqGzJGUNyD; twlaexdkifMuowJh/ wpfaeYrSm olwdkY

ESpfaumif acsmif;xJudk a&aomuffqif;tvmrSm avSSavSmfvmwJh vlom;ESpfOD;udkawGGUowJh/

]udkdkqifBuD;a& MunfhfygOD;? OD;acgif;rnf;wJhvlom;awG ÓPffaumif;vkduffykHkuawmh touf

r&SdSwJh opfvkH;BuD;udkawmifpDD;NyDD; ckdkif;pm;aewmawGU&JUvm;}vdkY ajymw,f/

]awGUygw,f udkjcaoFh&m ..... olwdkYudk odyftxifrBuD;ygeJY}vdkY qdkowJh/ ]iguawmh

pdk;&drffw,f udkqif&m..... wdkYudkvnf; ÓPfqifNyD; cdkif;pm;rSmudk aMumufw,fuGm} 'DvdkeJY a&aomuf

NyD;vdkdkYkY jyefwuffvmawmh awmpyffv,ffawmem;rSm v,ffxGefaewJh uRJBuD;wpffaumiffeJU awGUowhJ/

]awGUvm;udkqif udkuRJBuD;udkvnf; OD;acgif;rnf;wJhvlawGu ESmacgif;rSm BudK;wyfNyD;

cdkif;pm;aejyefNyD/

]raMumuffygeJYJY udkjcaoFh&m ... vlacgif;rnff;&JU OD;acgif;[m ighacs;wkH;avmufawmif

rBuDD;wJh[m.... igawmh raMumuffbl;a[h}vdkdkY qdkdowJh/

]udkqifBuD;a&...'DvlOD;acgif;rnf;awG[m wdkYawGxuf udk,fcE¨mi,fayrJh awG;awm

qifjcifEdkifwJh todynm? ÓPfynmydkBuD;wJhholawGjzpffMuw,f? ollwdkYeJY a0;wJhJh [ddr0EÅmawmudkd

ajymif;MupdkY}vdkY ajymowJh/

49

qifBuD;u ]iguawmh raMumuffbl;a[h ..... rif;aMumuff&iffvnf; ajy;aygh udkjcaoFh

&m...} vdkY ajymawmh jcaoFhu ]iguawmh rae&Jbl; ajymif;awmhr,f/ rif;vnf; owdxm;NyD;

ae&pfyg} vdkY rSmowJh/ 'DvdkeJY wpfaeYrSm vlom;awG[m qifBuD;udk BuKd;awGGeJYzrf;NyD; &Gmudkac:oGm;owJh/

NyD;awmh ,Ofyg;atmifoifMum;ay;vkYd tdrffarG;wd&pämef jzpffoGm;cJhJwmaygh/ wdkif;crff;wD&Srf;awG[m

qiffawGudk v,f,mxGef,ufjcif;? opfxkwfvkyjfcif; ykkcuffqifí ukefypönf;rsm; o,ffaqmifjcif;pwJh

vlom;tusKd;jyKvkyfief;awGrSm tokH;0ifwJh tdrfarG;wd&pämefwpfaumifjzpfatmif arG;jrLavhusifh

ay;cJhMuygw,f/

(wkdif;crf;wD-&Srf;yHkjyif)

28/ qdwfokH;aumifESifh bDvl;MuD;28/ qdwfokH;aumifESifh bDvl;MuD;28/ qdwfokH;aumifESifh bDvl;MuD;28/ qdwfokH;aumifESifh bDvl;MuD;28/ qdwfokH;aumifESifh bDvl;MuD;

[dk;a&S;a&S;wkef;u awmtkyfBuD;wpfckrSm udkBuD;? udkvwf? udkav; qdkwJh qdwfnDaemif

okH;aumif&Sdw,f/ olwdkY[m wHwm;&JUwpfzufurf;rSm&SdwJh jrufcsdKcsdKawGudk pm;csifMuw,f/ wHwm;&JU

atmufrSm bDvl;BuD;wpfaumifaeNyD; wHwm;ay:udk jzwfavQmufwJholawGukd zrf;pm;avh&Sdw,f/

wpfaeYrSm udkav;u ]]udkBuD;eJU udkvwfa&? uRefawmfawmh wHwm;ay:u jzwfavQmufNyD;

[dkbufurf;u jrufcsdKcsdKawGudk oGm;pm;csifw,f}}vdkY ajymvdkufw,f/ 'geJU udkav;qdwfu wHwm;qDudk

avQmufoGm;wmaygh/ wHwm;ay:udk ]]a'guf a'guf a'guf}}eJY jzwfavQmufvdkufw,f/ bDvl;BuD;u

Mum;awmh ]]a[h...ighwHwm;ay:u jzwfavQmufwm b,folvJuG}}vdkY atmfNyD; ar;vdkufw,f/

]]uRefawmf udkav;qdwfygcifAsm}}vdkY jyefajymvdkufw,f/ bDvl;BuD;u ]]rif;ukdig zrf;pm;&

vdrfhr,f}}vdkY ajymowJhuG,f/

]]rvkyfygeJYcifAsm uRefawmfu bDvl;BuD;pm;zdkY ao;i,fvGef;ygw,f/ cPav;ae&if udkvwf

vmrSmrdkY olUudkapmifhvdkufygOD;cifAsm? olu uRefawmfhxuf ydkxGm;wJhtwGuf ykdpm;vkdYaumif;rSmyg}}vdkY

ajymvdkufowJh/

tJ'DtcgrSm bDvl;BuD;u ]]'gjzihf aumif;NyD rif;oGm;awmh}}vdkYajymNyD; jzwfcGifhjyKvdkufwmaygh/

'geJY udkav;[m jrufcif;pdrf;av;qDudk a&mufoGm;wmaygh/

rMumcifrSmyJ udkvwfqdwfvnf; wHwm;ay:udk ]]a'guf a'guf a'guf}}eJY jzwfavQmuf

vmw,f/

tJ'DtcgbDvl;BuD;u ]]a[h...ighwHwm;ay:u jzwfavQmufwmb,folvJuG}}vkdY atmfar;

vdkufw,f/ ]]uRefawmf udkvwfqdwfygcifAsm}}vdkY jyefajymowJhuG,f/ ]]rif;udk ig zrf;pm;&vdrfhr,f}}vdkY

bDvlBuD;u ajymowJh/ ]]rvkyfygeJY cifAsm? uRefawmhftpfudkBuD;udk apmifhvdkufygOD;/olu uRefawmfhxuf

ydkxGm;awmh ydkpm;vdkYaumif;rSmyg}}vdkY ajymvdkufowJhuG,f/

tJ'DtcgrSm bDvl;BuD;u ]]'gjzifh aumif;NyD? rif;oGm;awmh}}vdkYajymNyD; jzwfcGifhjyKvdkufowJh/

rMumcifrSmyJ udkBuD;qdwfvnf; wHwm;ay:ukd ]]a'guf a'guf a'guf}}eJY jzwfavQmufvmowJh/

50

bDvl;BuD;u ]]a[h ighwHwm;ay:u jzwfavQmufwm b,folvJuG}}vdkY atmfar;vdkufw,f/

tJ'DtcgrSm ]]uRefawmf udkBuD;qdwfygcifAsm}}vdkY jyefajymvdkufw,f/ bDvl;BuD;u ]]ig rif;udk zrf;pm;

&vdrfhr,f}}vdkY ajymw,f/

]]zrf;&J&ifzrf;Munfhav}}vdkY udkBuD;qdwfu jyefajymvdkufw,f/ bDvl;BuD;vnf; wHwm;ay:

wufvma&m udkBuD;qdwfu olYcsdKBuD;eJY wtm;0ifa0SYypfvdkufwJhtcg bDvl;BuD;wHwm;ay:u

ajr§mufwufoGm;NyD; a&xJudk ]]AGrf;ceJ}} jyKwfusoGm;w,f/ aemufb,fawmhrQ jyefay:rvmawmhbl;

wJhuG,f/

'DvdkeJY udkBuD;qdwf? ukdvwfqdwfeJY udkav;qdwfwkdY qdwfnDaemifokkH;aumif[m jrufpdrf;pdrf;

av;awGudk tm;yg;w&eJY aysmf&TifpGmpm;MuawmhwmayghuG,f/

29/ arSmfig;uav;29/ arSmfig;uav;29/ arSmfig;uav;29/ arSmfig;uav;29/ arSmfig;uav;

[dk;a&S;a&S;wkef;u tbdk;tdkwpfa,muf&SdowJhuG,f/

tbkd;tdk[m aeYwdkif;jrpfxJrSm ig;oGm;rQm;avh&Sdw,f/ rQm;vdkY&wJhig;awGudk aps;rSm a&mif;zdkY

r[kwfbJ tdrfrSm&SdwJh tbdk;eJUtbGm;pm;zdkYyJ zrf;wmjzpfw,f/

wpfaeYrSmawmh tbdk;tdk[m tvGefxl;qef;wJh ig;wpfaumifudk zrf;rdowJh/ tJ'Dig;av;[m

pum;ajymwwfw,f/ ig;uav;u ]]uRefawmf[m arSmfig;av;jzpfygw,f/ uRefawmfhudk vTwfay;&if

oiftvdk&Sdwm bmrqddkvkyfay;yghr,f}}vdkY ajymowJh/

tbdk;tdkuvnf; ]]oif[m arSmfig;av;jzpfwJhtwGuf oifhudk igvTwfay;r,f igbmrQ

rvdkcsifbl;/ ighrSm tvkHtavmuf&Sdygw,f}}vdkYajymNyD;? tbdk;tdk[m tdrfjyefoGm;wmaygh/ tdrfvnf;

a&mufa&m tbGm;udk olzrf;rdwJh ig;taMumif;ajymjyw,f/ tJ'DtcgrSm tbGm;u ]]bmawmif;vdkuf

ovJ}} vdkY ar;vdkufw,f/ tbdk;tdku bmrQrawmif;vdkufygbl;? igwdkYrSm vdkrQ rvdkbJvdkY jyefajym

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51

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52

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53

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54

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55

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56

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av;awGeJY u½kPmoufaeMuw,fav/

]]rMumcifrSm rif;&JUEIwfoD; jyefaumif;oGm;rSmyguGm/ cktawmtwGif; rif;bmrQ tm;ri,f

eJY? wdkkU&SmauGs;r,f/ rif;EIwfoD;aumif;oGm;wJhtcg wdkYawGaysmfaysmfyg;yg; jrL;xl;ysHoef;Muao;wm

ayghuGm}}

rdwfaqGawGu tm;ay;Mu? ,k,Mu? MuifemMuav aemifw&&Suf&avoluawmh rdcif

vufyHawmxJuaeNyD; wjcm;wpfae&m &Sm;awmbufudk tvnfusL;rdwJY opfawmufiSufrdkuf

uav;yguG,f.../

a&eHYomarmifausmfñGefY

33/ rqHk;wJh yHkjyif33/ rqHk;wJh yHkjyif33/ rqHk;wJh yHkjyif33/ rqHk;wJh yHkjyif33/ rqHk;wJh yHkjyif

wpfcgwkef;u tbdkk;tdkwpfa,muf[m ollUajr;awGudk tdyf&m0ifyHkjyif ajymjyaew,f/

yHkkjyifrajymcifrSm tbdk;tdku olUajr;awGudk pum;wpfcGef;qHk;wdkif; 0guswpfaMumif;qHk;wkdif; ]]tif;}}vdkY

ajym&r,f/wu,fvdkY vdkufNyD;rajym&if yHkjyifudkk qufrajymbJ &yfvdkkufr,fvdkY rSmxm;w,f/ NyD;awmh

tbdk;u ]]a&S;u v,form;wpfa,muf&Sdw,f}}vdkY tpcsDNyD; ajymvdkufw,f/

'Dawmhem;axmifaewJh ajr;awGu ]]tif;}}vdkY jyefajymvdkufw,f/ wpfcgtbdk;u ]]tJ'D

v,form;[m v,fxJrSmyJ wJxdk;NyD;aew,f}}vdkY qufajymw,f/ em;axmifwJhajr;rsm;uvnf;

]]tif;}}vdkY olwdkYem;axmifaeaMumif; odatmifjyefajymvdkufw,f/ aemufqufNyD;ajymvdkkufyHk

uawmh... tbdkd;u

]]'Dv,form;&JU v,f[m jrpfeJYvnf; odyfra0;bl;wJh}} em;axmifolrsm;u ]]tif;}}

]]'gaMumifh v,fuav;u om,mw,f/}}

]]tif;}}

]]iSufuav;awGuvnf; urf;pyfu opfyifawGrSm em;avh&Sdw,f/}}

]]tif;}}

]]urf;em;rSmu vrkyifvnf; &Sdw,f? vrJhyifvnf; &Sdw,f/}}

]]tif;}}

57

]]urf;pyfrSm trsm;qHk; aygufaewmuawmh udkif;yifawGyJ/}}

]]tif;}}

]]'Dudkif;yifawGrSmawmh pmuav;awGu pmbl;awmif; vkyfNyD;aeMuw,f}}

]]tif;}}

]]wcsdKUuvnf; pmbl;awmif; rvkyfwwfvdkY rvkyfMubl;? 'DdvdkyJ udkif;yifawG&JU t&GufcGawG

Mum;xJrSm xdk;tdyfMuw,f/}}

]]tif;}}

]]wpfaeYawmh v,form;&JU r,m;u iSufom;pm;csifw,fvdkY ollUa,mufsm;udk ylqmw,f}}

]]tif;}}

]]'DawmhwpfnrSm olUa,mufsm;u uGefwpfvufudkqGJNyD; acsmif;urf;pyfu udkif;awmbufudk

xGufoGm;w,f}}

]]tif;}}

]]pmuav;awGudk zrf;&wmu udkif;yifrSm tdyfaewJh pmuav;awGudk uGefeJYypfNyD; ig;zrf;ovdk

zrf;&wmrsdK;}}

]]tif;}}

]]'geJY v,form;u uGefudktomjzefY? udkif;yifawGay:udk tkyfNyD; ypfcsvdkufw,f/}}

]]tif;}}

]]'DvdkuGefeJY tkyfrdatmif ypfzrf;vdkufawmh pmuav;awG trsm;BuD; uGefxJrSmrda&m }}

]]tif;}}

]]'geJY v,form;u uGefudk tomuav;rNyD; pmuav;wpfaumifudk zrf;vdkufw,f/}}

]]tif;}}

]]'gayrJh rrdbl;? pmuav;u z½l;qdk ysHxGufoGm;w,f/}}

]]tif;}}

]]aemufwpfaumifzrf;vdkufjyefa&m}}

]]tif;}}

]]pmuav;u z½l;qdk ysHoGm;jyefa&m}}

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]]tif;}}

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]]tif;}}

]]pmuav;u z½l;qdk ysHoGm;w,f}}

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58

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]]tif;}}

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]]wpfcgzrf;vdkkuf}}

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]]z½l;}}

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tJ'DrqHk;wJhyHkjyif[m b,fawmhrQ rqHk;bJ pmuav;ysHoGm;wJh z½l;qdkwJh toHudk tbdk;u

qdkjyvkdkuf em;axmifwJh uav;u ]]tif;}} vdkuf vdkufeJU...

aemufqHk;awmh ...

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(vlxkOD;vS\rGefyHkjyif)

59

pum;xmrsm;

1/ ar; - EGm;EdkYwpfyef;uef wpfjynfvHk;vQH/

ajz - vjynfh0ef;ESifh va&mif

2/ ar; - ESpfa,mufwpfwGJ aeYrSmcGJ? nbufa&mufvQif jyefaygif;csif

ajz - wHcg;&Guf

3/ ar; - olUudk½dkufawmh csmcsmvnf? BudK;udk qGJNyD;idk&Smw,f/

ajz - aMu;pnf

4/ ar; - tOD;vnf;pm; tpmvnf; r0? t&omvnf; r&Sd/

ajz - a,mif;r

5/ ar; - aeYpOfpm;vdkY rukefEdkif? ola&miga&mudkif/ (ucsifpum;xm)

ajz - ZGef;