Tango Suite - Notes

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Astor Pizzolla - History of the Tango Notes

Transcript of Tango Suite - Notes

Bordel 1900: Le tango nait dBuenos-Aires en 1882; les pre-miers instruments d le jouersont la guitare et la fl0te. Par lasuite, s'y ajoutent le piano puisle bandon6on. C'est une musi-que pleine de grAce et de viva-cite: el le donne I ' image de labonne humeur, de la facondedes Frangpises, des Italiennes etdes Espagnoles qui vivent dansces bordels, aguichant pol i-ciers,.voleurs, marins et mau-vais gargons qui leur rendentvisite. [r tango est gai.

Caf6 1930: C'est une autre €po-que du tango. On cesse de ledanser comme en 1900 et I'onse conten te ddsormais del '6couter; i l devient plus musi-ca l , p lus romant ique auss i .C'est une transformation radi-ca le : mouvement p lus len t ,harmonies nouvelles, beau-coup de mdlanco l ie . Lesorchestres de tango se compo-sent de deux violons. deux ban-d o n 6 o n s , u n p i a n o e t u n ebasse. On chante parfois.

Night-club 1960: Cette p6riodependant laquelle s'accroissentconsid6rablement les 6changesinternationaux voit une 6volu-t i o n n o u v e l l e : l e B r 6 s i l e tlArgent ine se re t rouvent aBuenos-Aires. Bossa nova etnouveau tango, "m€me com-bat". [e public accourt dans lesnight-clubs pour y 6couter avecsdr ieux le nouveau tango.R€volution, profond boulever-sement de certaines formes duvieux tango.

Concer t d 'au jourd 'hu i : Lamusique de tango rejoint, parcertains concepts, la musiquenouve l le . R€min iscences deBartok, Stravinsky et quelquesautres sur.fond de tango. C'estle tango d'aujourd'hui, le tangode l'avenir...

Bordel 1900: EI tangocomienza en Buenos Aires en1882 y los primeros instrumen-tos que tocoban eran guitarra y

flauta, luego incorporaron elpiano y despues el bandoneon.Esta milsica debe ser tocadacon mucha picardia y gracia,para visualizar las alegrias delas Francesas, Italianas yEspafiolas que vivian en esosbordeles, coqueteando con lospolicias, Iadrones, marineros ymalevos que visitaban. Esta€poca era completamente dife-rente a todas. El tongo eraolegre,

Cafe 1930: Otra €poca deltango, Ahora se escuchaba yno se bailaba como en 1900.Era mas musical y romdntico,.Las orquestas de tango eranformadas por dos violines, dosbandoneones, piono y bajo. Aveces se cantaba. ln transfor-maciin era totol. Mas lento,nuevos harmonfas y yo diriamuy melancdlico.

Night-club 1960: La dpocainternacional. Comienza unanueva dpoca transformante.Argentina y Brasil en BuenosAires. La gente concurre a losnight clubs para escuchar seria-mente el nuevo tango. La revo-lucidn y cambio total de ciertasformas del viejo tango. No bai-lable, si escuchable. Bossanova y nuevo tango en unalucha conjunta. Milsica paralos milsicos.

Concert dhujourd'hui: Esta esla misica de tango con concep-tos de la nueva misica. Escen-cia de tango con reminisenciasde Bartok, Stravinsky y otros.Este es el tango de hoy y delfuturo. Abajo estd el tango,arriba estti la milsica. Unamisica donde se escucha todala historia con un agregado, Ianuevo misica.

Borde l lo , 1900: The tangoorginated in Buenos Aires in1882. It was first played on theguitar and the flute. Arrange-ments then came to include thepiano, and later, the concer-tina. This music is full of graceand l ivel iness. I t paints a pic-ture of the good natured chat-ter of the French, Italian, andSpanish women who peopledthese bordellos as they teasedthe policemen, thieves, sailors,and riffraff who came to seethem. This is a gay tango.

Continental Caf4 1930: This isanother age of the tango. Peo-ple stopped dancing it as theydid in 1900, preferring insteadsimply to listen to it. It becamemore mus ica l , and moreromant ic . Th is tango hasundergone total transforma-tion: the movements are slo-wer, with new and often melan-cho ly harmon ies . Thngoorchestras come to consist oftwo violins, two concertinas, apiano, and a bass. The tango issometimes sung as well.

Night Club, 1960: This is at ime o f rap id ly expand inginternational exchangg and thetango evolves again as Braziland Argentina come togetherin Buenos Aires. The bossanova and the new tango aremov ing to the same beat .Audiences rush to night clubsto listen earnestly to the newtango. This marks a revolutionand a profound alteration insome o f the or ig ina l tangoforms.

Modern-day Concert : Certainc o n c e p t s i n t a n g o m u s i cbecome in te r tw ined w i thmodern music. Bartok, Stra-vinsky, and other composersreminisce to the tune of tangomusic. This is today's tango,ant the tango of the future aswell .

Bordello 1900: Il Tango nascea Buenos A i res ne l 1882; iprimi strumenti con cui vienesuonoto sono la chitarra ed ilf lauto. In seguito, yi siaggiunge il pibnoforte ed ilbandoneon. E' una musicapiena di grazia e di vivacitd:esprime il buon umore e lafacondia dei francesi, degli ita-l iani e degl i spagnoli chevivono nei bordelli e provo-cano i poliziotti, i rapinatori, imarinai e i ragazzi di strada chefanno loro visita.

Caffi 1930: E'un'altro epocadel tango. Non Io si balla piicome nel 1900, fttp ci si accon-tenta di ascoltarlo. Il tangodiventa pii musicale, e anchepiil romantico. Il mutamento iradicale: un movimento piilento, nuove armonie, moltamelanconia. Le orchestre ditango sono composte da dueviolini, due bandoneon, unpianoforte ed un basso. Tal-volta si canta.

Night club 1960: In questoperiodo, caratterizzoto dall'intensifarsi degli scambi inter-nazionali, il tango evolve inmodo nuovo: i l B ras i le elArgentina si incontrano aBuenos Aires. Bossa nova enuovo tango, "stessa lotta". Ilpubblico accorre nei nightclubs per ascoltare con serietdil nuovo tango. Rivoluzione,profondo sconvolgimento dicerte forme del vecchio tango.

Concerto di oggi: La musicade tango si avvicina per certiversi alla musica moderna.Reminiscenze di Bartok, Stra-vinsky ed altri con sottofondodi tango. E' il tango di oggi, iltanso del domani...

Der Tango um 1900 - d i tMusik der Bordelle Der Tangcwird im Jahre 1882 in BuenorAires geboren. Die ersten Ins.trumentg die diese neue Musilspielen, sind Gitarre and Flcitespdter kommen Klavier uncBandoneon hinzu. Der Tangcist e ine anmut ige, lebhaf t rMusik; sie spiegelt die gutrLaune und die Redefertigkeider Franzosinnen. Italienerinnen und Spanierinnen widerdie in den Bordells von BuenorAires leben und PolizistenMatrosen und Gauner in ihrrFdnge locken. Der Tango iseine frcihliche Musik.

Der Tango um 1930 - d i rMusik der Cafes. Nun kommen wir in eine neue Epochrdes Tango. Jetzt tanzt man ihrnicht mehr wie um 1900: marbeschriinkt sich darauf, ihranzuhtjrren. Der Thngo wir<musikalischer, ja auch romantischer. Er verdndert sich auradikale Weise: die Bewegungen werden langsamer, neurHarmonien kommen hinzrund das Ganze bekommt einerstark melancholischen ZugEin Tango-Orchester setzt siclaus zwei Geigen, zwei Bandoneons. e inem Klav ier unceinem BaB zusammen. Manchmal wird auch dazu gesungen

Der Tango um 1960 - d i rMusik der Nightclubs. Wiihrend dieser Zeit, in der siclzahlreiche Einfliisse aus allerWelt mischen, entwickelt siclauch der Thngo weiter. Brasilia.ner und Argentinier treffersich in Buenos Aires: BosseNova und neuer Thngo sincTei l e ines "gemeinsamenKampfes". Jeden Abend fiillensich die Nightclubs mit Mens.chen, die den neuen Thngo mitErnst und Uberzeugung anhci-ren. Dabei findet eine Revolu.tion, eine tiefe Veriinderungbestimmter Formen des altenThngo statt.

Das lhngokonzert von heute.Der Thngo trifft sich heute inmanchen Punkten mi t derneueren Musik. Auf der Basisdes a l ten Tango f inden wirRemineszenzen an Bartok,Strav insky u.a. Dies is t derThngo von heute; der Thngovon morgen...

N6 d Mar del Plata, en Argentine, le 11 mars 1921, deoarents descendants d'immisr6s italiens chassds de leurpatrie par la misbre, Astor Tiazzolla les accompagne dNew York of ils vont tenter leur chance dds 1925. Il diralui-mOme, se souvenant de sa jeunesse <<c'6taiI le tempsde la prohibition et de la mafia... je trainais plus souventdans les rues qu'h l '6cole... mon univers musical seconstruisit peu d peu b cette dpoque autour dl jazz, deDuke Ellington d Cab Calloway que j'allais 6couter d laporte du Cotton Club, n'ayant ni I'Age ni les moyens d'yentrer. Mon pdre, lui, passait religieusement sur le gra-mophone les tangos nostalgiques de Carlos Gardel. Pourmon neuvidme anniversaire il me fit cadeau d'un bando-n6on et je pris des cours avec un professeur qui m'initiad la musique classique.>En 1937,Ia famille Piazzolla s'en retourne d Mar delPlata, mais trbs rapidement Astor est attir6 par la capi-tale. A seize ans il s'installe donc d Buenos Aires, louantune petite chambre dans une pension qu'il paie avec sespremiers cachets car il est engag6 comme bandon6onistedans la formation d'Anibal Tioilo, lui-mOme excellentsp6cialiste de l'instrument. Paralldlement il poursuit ses6tudes musicales - piano et harmonie - auprds d'unjeune professeur, Alberto Ginastera, qui deviendra uncomoositeur renomm6.En i946, Astor monte son premier orchestre "tipica",avec un rdpertoire exclusif de tangos. Dds lors il com-mence d essayer d'0tre Piazzolla: u... je jouais des arran-gements personnels, introduisant le ternaire dans descarrures jusque-ld immuables, osant harmonies etcontrepoints audacieux. Le succbs n'est hdlas pas aurendez-vous et Astor est contraint d'abandonner sonorchestre. Il cherche sa voie, se remet d 6tudier avec fr6-n6sie, monte un orchestre d cordes, cette fois. ToujoursI'insuccbs, le gofft amer de la d6sillusion... Il ne se d6cou-rage pourtant pas: la dure jeunesse d New York a forg6un caractdre opinidtre, avec ce qu'il faut d'agressivit6.Dans les ann6es 50, entreprenant un voyage en Europepour travailler la direction avec Hermann Scherchen, ilrencontre b Paris le professeur de composit ion NadiaBoulanser. C'est un tournant dans sa vie car il d6couvregrAce i el le que sa voie n'est pas dans la musique"savante" mais bien dans le tango enrichi des formesclassiques, de I 'apport du jazz et de ses propres intui-t ions.De retour )r Buenos Aires, il forme en 1955 son premieroctette; lh, il utilise ce qu'il a appris de Ginastera et deNadia Boulanger, ainsi que les phras6s emprunt6s aujazz et surtout, il fait swinguer le tango I C'est absolu-ment nouveau. Bien str, c'est un tol l6 de la part desconservateurs du tango traditionnel, mais il ne changeraplus et jouera d6sormais la carte du tango moderne, fon-dant notamment un quintette, qui deviendra trdsc6lbbre, au sein duquel il militera en faveur du "tangonuevo". Cela lui vaudra une reconnaissance internatio-nale, concerts et enregistrements ne s'arrOteront plus etdes ann6es 60 jusqu'd sa mort, en juillet 1.992,le succdsira croissant.De nombreux guitaristes classiques ont adopt6 lamusique de Prazzolla Dr partir de 1980. C'est d lademande du guitariste Roberto Aussel qu'il a commenc6d 6crire pour la guitare. L'Histoire du Tango pour fl0te etguitare, ainsi que le Double Concerto pour guitare, ban-don6on et orchestre d cordes, sont trds souventinterpr6t6s en concert et ont fait l'objet de nombreuxenresistrements.

Poverty drove Piazzolla's ancestors to emigrate from theirhomeland, and the young Astor was born of ltalianparentage in Mar del Plata in Argentina on 11 March1921. In 1925 the family moved to New York to try theirfortune in the big city. As Astor Piazzolla has said him-self, "It was at the time of prohibition and the mafia...I hung around the streets more than I went to school...my musical world gradually grew up round jazz, DukeEllington and Cab Calloway who I managed to hear atthe door of the Cotton Club, although I was both tooyoung and too poor to go in. My father used to play theold nostalgic tangos by Carlos Gardel on the gramo-phone. For my ninth birthday he gave me a bandoneon(button accordion), and I had lessons with a teacher whointroduced me to classical music".In 1937 the Piazzolla family returned to Mar del Plata,but Astor was soon attracted more to the capital, andwhen only sixteen he moved to Buenos Aires, renting asmall room as a lodger. He had been engaged as a bando-neon player in the band directed by Anibal Trotlo, himselfa specialist on the instrument, and was thus able to pay therent with his first fees. At the same time he did not neglecthis studies but took lessons in piano and harmony with ayoung teacher by the name of Alberto Ginastera, whowent on to become a renowned composer.In 1946 Astor got his own "tipica" band together, playingnothing but tangos. It was the springboard he needed forhis own development: "I played my own arrangements,and started using triple rhythms in what had been a very

four-square rhythmic pattern up to then, and experimen-ting with bold harmonies" His innovations, however, metwith little success and the group disbanded. He renewedhis studies even more enthusiastically and founded a newstring orchestra - which led him right back to failure andbitter disillusionment. Still he persisted; his hard upbrin-ging in New York had taught him to be stubborn, with anaggressive edge.The turning point came when Astor travelled to Europe inthe 1950s to study conducting with Hermann Scherchen,and met Nadia Boulanger, the famous teacher of compo-sition in Paris. She showed him that his identity was not inintellectual music but in the tango, spiced with a touch ofclassical style and jazz, and moulded by his own intuitivesense.Once back in Buenos Aires he formed his first octet in1955 and, by using what he had learned from Ginasteraand Boulanger, as well as phrasing borrowed from jazz,he made his tangos swing with new life. As was to beexpected this caused quite a stir in the ranks of the conser-vative tango players, but Piazzolla was not to be deflected

from his new course. From now on his tango was a dis-tinctively modern form that he exploited with his newquintet which achieved fame with their "tango nLtevo".International recognition was at last his, and concerts andrecordings flowed unceasingly. From the 1960s until hisdeath in July 1992, his success never stopped growing.From 1980 onwards, many classical guitarists startedplaying his music, and it was in response to a commissionfrom the Argentinian guitarist Roberto Aussel thatPiazzolla began writing for the guitar. Ills Histoire duTango for flute and guitar, as well as the DoubleConcerto for guitar, bandoneon and string orchestra, areregularly performed and have been the subject of severalrecordings'

translated bv Marv criswick