Post on 09-Jul-2020
© Agence spatiale canadienne
Répercussions des activités humaines sur la tolérance
des communautés et les services des écosystèmes
aquatiques du Saint-Laurent
Charlotte Carrier-Belleau, David Drolet, Christopher McKindsey et Philippe Archambault
Réunion scientifique annuelle de Québec-Océan
9 -10 mars 2020
Dunne et al. 2002, Montoya et al. 2009, Dubé et al. 2006
Human activity
Human activity, driver, disturbance
Human activity
Acidification Hypoxia Nutrientenrichment
Environnemental stressor
Human activity, driver, disturbance
Dunne et al. 2002, Montoya et al. 2009, Dubé et al. 2006
Human activity, driver, disturbance
Human activity
Increasedmortality
Decreased growthand reproduction
Loss of species or functional diversity
Disturbance
Acidification Hypoxia Nutrientenrichment
Environnemental stressor
Dunne et al. 2002, Montoya et al. 2009, Dubé et al. 2006
Superposition
Adapted from Beauchesne et al. Under review (left) and Goyette et al. 2019 (right)
Intensification
N
P
Adapted from Beauchesne et al. Under review (left) and Goyette et al. 2019 (right)
Intensification
N
P
Superposition
Individual stressors
A
B
Resp
onse
vari
able
Stressorinteraction
Adapted from Côté et al. 2017 and Galic et al. 2018
Individual stressors
Additive
Dominance
A
BMax
B
No interaction
A + B
Stressorinteraction
Resp
onse
vari
able
Adapted from Côté et al. 2017 and Galic et al. 2018
Individual stressors
Synergy
Antagonism
Additive
Dominance
A
BMax
B
Nullmodel
A + B
Adapted from Côté et al. 2017 and Galic et al. 2018
No interaction
A + B
Stressorinteraction
Interactions
Resp
onse
vari
able
Objective
Determine the effect of multiple stressors and define the type of interactions emerging from the combined occurrence of multiple
environmental stressors.
Objective
Determine the effect of multiple stressors and define the type of interactions emerging from the combined occurrence of multiple
environmental stressors.
Limecola balthica
Mytilus sp.
Objective
Limecola balthica
Mytilus sp.
Intensity
Resp
onse
vari
able
Determine the effect of multiple stressors and define the type of interactions emerging from the combined occurrence of multiple
environmental stressors.
Objective
Determine the effect of multiple stressors and define the type of interactions emerging from the combined occurrence of multiple
environmental stressors.
Limecola balthica
Mytilus sp.
Number of stressors
Resp
onse
vari
able
Intensity
Resp
onse
vari
able
8°C
14°CTem
pera
ture
Experimentaldesign
8°C
14°C
Pulse Press
Tem
pera
ture
Salinity variation
Experimentaldesign
8°C
14°C
Pulse Press
Tem
pera
ture
N+
N+
N+
N+
N-
N-
N-
N-
Salinity variation
Experimentaldesign
8°C
14°C
Pulse Press
1 month 3 months
N+
N+
N+
N+
N-
N-
N-
N-
Experimentaldesign
8°C
14°C
Pulse Press
N+
N+
N+
N+
N-
N-
N-
N-
16 treatments x 5 replicates = 80 aquariums
Understanding stressorinteraction : an easy
cooking recipe
Synergy
Antagonism
A
B
Nullmodel
A + B
Resp
onse
vari
able
1. Plan a full factorial design
2. Stressor interaction (statistically)
3. Individual effect à Nullmodel
4. Combined response (< or >)
Antagonisticrelationship
F1,238 = 4,3234 p-value = 0,0434
* * *
N=15
Antagonisticrelationship
F1,238 = 4,3234 p-value = 0,0434
* * *
N=15
Antagonisticrelationship
F1,238 = 4,3234 p-value = 0,0434
* * *
N=15
Antagonisticrelationship
* * *
F1,238 = 4,3234 p-value = 0,0434
N=15
Mg2+
cont
ent v
aria
tion
rela
tive
to co
ntro
l con
ditio
n (%
) ±SE
What can weunderstand from
this…?
• 1 month = capacity to invest in calcification OR hypermineralization in response to stress ?
Findlay et al. 2011, Michaelidis et al. 2005
Mg2+
cont
ent v
aria
tion
rela
tive
to co
ntro
l con
ditio
n (%
) ±SE
What can weunderstand from
this…?
• 3 months = passive dissolution OR active use of the internal carbonates of their shell
Findlay et al. 2011, Michaelidis et al. 2005
Mg2+
cont
ent v
aria
tion
rela
tive
to co
ntro
l con
ditio
n (%
) ±SE
Why stressor interaction matters ?
Understand the combined effect of stressors on species of interest;
Understand mechanisms
Strategic samplingat a regional scale
−66.5 −66.4 −66.3 −66.2 −66.1 −66.0 −65.9
50.10
50.15
50.20
50.25
50.30
Sept−Îles
Gulf ofSt. Lawrence
●
●
●
● ●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
0 1.14 2.29 3.43 4.57 5.71 6.86 8
Abondance de L. balthicaInform managers at a local scale
Coming up next –integrating tipping points
and multiple stressors
Resp
onse
vari
able
Intensity
Tipping point : situation in which and ecosystem experiences a shift to a new state, with significant changes to biological processes.
Integrative approach:
The case of Sept-Îles
#9 : Dreujou, Elliot, C. Carrier-Belleau, F. Ferrario, P. Archambault From Benthic Community to Multiple Drivers: An Integrated Multi-Approach Study of the baie des Sept Iles
#10: Dumais, Philippe-Olivier Modelling Benthic Communities in the Kitikmeot Sea Region, Canadian Archipelago
#25: Lavoie, CamilleBiodiversité pélagique et benthique des forêts de laminaires de l’Arctique canadien
Laboratoire d’écologie benthique
#29: Lescouzères, Fanny Caractérisation de la faune benthique d’eau douce dans le fleuve Saint-Laurent
AcknowledgementsThis research is sponsored by NSERC Canadian Healthy Oceans Network (CHONe II) and its partners: Fisheries and Oceans Canada and INREST (representing the Port of Sept-Îles and City of Sept-Îles).
Philippe Archambault (supervisor), Christian Nozais (co-supervisor)
Christopher McKindsey et David Drolet (MPO)
All members of the benthic ecology lab !
Mortalité Contenuénergétique Minéralisation
Enrichissementnutriments
Variationsalinité
Mortalité Contenu
énergétique Minéralisation
Mytilus sp.
Limecola balthica
Augmentationtempérature
Effet positif 1 mois
Effet négatif 1 mois
SynergieAntagonisme Aucune interaction
Aucuneffet
Effet négatif 3 mois
Effet positif 3 mois
Antagonisticrelationship
Stressordominance
• Dominance of nutrient enrichmentthrough time
• Effect of nutrients may be positive or negative
• Importance of considering time of exposure
Stressordominance