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DISTRIBUSI ALEL 1016G GEN VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL

PADA POPULASI Aedes aegypti STRAIN DATARAN TINGGI

Winda Septi Tyasningrum,

1 Sayono,

1 Anto Budiharjo

2

1Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang

2Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Diponegoro Semarang

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Nyamuk Ae. aegypti sebagai vektor penular penyakit dengue dan Zika

saat ini telah memperluas wilayah habitatnya hingga dataran tinggi. Terjadinya resistensi

pada suatu vektor sebagai salah satu dampak dari penggunaan insektisida dalam kegiatan

pengendalian vektor. Hal ini ditandai dengan titik mutasi yang terdeteksi pada sodium

channel yang mengalami perubahan asam amino dari Valin menjadi Glisin pada kodon

1016 domain II segmen 6. Metode: Larva Ae. aegypti dikumpulkan melalui survai vektor di

tiga kabupaten/kota endemis DBD di dataran tinggi Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Larva dipelihara

hingga menjadi nyamuk dewasa yang siap dilakukan uji bioassay sesuai standar WHO

menggunakan impregnated paper berbahan aktif insektisida sipermetrin 0,05%. Nyamuk

Ae. aegypti yang resisten dan rentan terhadap insektisida piretroid digunakan untuk

menganalisis mutasi alel 1016G pada gen voltage-gated sodium channel secara molekuler

melalui Allele-Specific PCR (AS-PCR). Hasil: Hasil uji bioassay mengungkapkan

mortalitas nyamuk Ae. aegypti dari seluruh lokasi penelitian berkisar 16%-80%. Homozigot

mutan (G/G) dan heterozigot (V/G) terdeteksi pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang diteliti.

Terdapat variasi alel kdr yang terdistribusi di seluruh lokasi penelitian. Simpulan:

Insektisida berbahan aktif sipermetrin sudah tidak dapat digunakan lagi hampir di seluruh

lokasi penelitian dan penggunaannya perlu dihentikan. Nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang secara

fenotip mengalami resisten terbukti mengalami mutasi.

Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti, Resistensi Piretroid, AS-PCR, Dataran Tinggi Provinsi Jawa

Tengah

ABSTRACT

Background: Aedes aegypti mosquitoes as a vector-borne disease for dengue and Zika have

been expanding their habitat until high elevation. The vector resistance occurs as an impact

of insecticide used in vector control activities. The resistance is characterized by point

mutation that detected on the sodium channel had amino acid alteration from Valine to

Glycine at 1016 codon into domain II segment 6. Methods: Larvae of Ae. aegypti collected

from vector survey in three district/cities endemic dengue haemoraghic fever (DHF) at high

elevation in Central Java Province. It had reared up into adult which was ready for bioassay

according to the WHO standard using impregnated paper-based of cypermethrin insecticide

0,05%. The resistant and susceptible mosquitoes against insecticide were used to molecular

analyze of mutation 1016G allele in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene by allele-

specific PCR (AS-PCR) assay. Results: The bioassay result expressed mortality of Ae.

aegypti from the entire study sites 16%-80%. Mutant homozygous (G/G) and heterozygous

(V/G) were detecting in the study. The variation of kdr allele were distributing across the

study sites. Conclusion: Cypermethrin insecticide could not be used again in almost study

sites and should be discontinued. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes resistant as phenotype had

proved the mutation.

Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Pyrethroid Resistance, AS-PCR, High Elevation in Central Java

Province

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