DISTRIBUSI ALEL 1016G GEN VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM …repository.unimus.ac.id/391/1/ABSTRAK.pdf ·...
Transcript of DISTRIBUSI ALEL 1016G GEN VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM …repository.unimus.ac.id/391/1/ABSTRAK.pdf ·...
-
vii
DISTRIBUSI ALEL 1016G GEN VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL
PADA POPULASI Aedes aegypti STRAIN DATARAN TINGGI
Winda Septi Tyasningrum,
1 Sayono,
1 Anto Budiharjo
2
1Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang
2Fakultas Sains dan Matematika Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Nyamuk Ae. aegypti sebagai vektor penular penyakit dengue dan Zika
saat ini telah memperluas wilayah habitatnya hingga dataran tinggi. Terjadinya resistensi
pada suatu vektor sebagai salah satu dampak dari penggunaan insektisida dalam kegiatan
pengendalian vektor. Hal ini ditandai dengan titik mutasi yang terdeteksi pada sodium
channel yang mengalami perubahan asam amino dari Valin menjadi Glisin pada kodon
1016 domain II segmen 6. Metode: Larva Ae. aegypti dikumpulkan melalui survai vektor di
tiga kabupaten/kota endemis DBD di dataran tinggi Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Larva dipelihara
hingga menjadi nyamuk dewasa yang siap dilakukan uji bioassay sesuai standar WHO
menggunakan impregnated paper berbahan aktif insektisida sipermetrin 0,05%. Nyamuk
Ae. aegypti yang resisten dan rentan terhadap insektisida piretroid digunakan untuk
menganalisis mutasi alel 1016G pada gen voltage-gated sodium channel secara molekuler
melalui Allele-Specific PCR (AS-PCR). Hasil: Hasil uji bioassay mengungkapkan
mortalitas nyamuk Ae. aegypti dari seluruh lokasi penelitian berkisar 16%-80%. Homozigot
mutan (G/G) dan heterozigot (V/G) terdeteksi pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang diteliti.
Terdapat variasi alel kdr yang terdistribusi di seluruh lokasi penelitian. Simpulan:
Insektisida berbahan aktif sipermetrin sudah tidak dapat digunakan lagi hampir di seluruh
lokasi penelitian dan penggunaannya perlu dihentikan. Nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang secara
fenotip mengalami resisten terbukti mengalami mutasi.
Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti, Resistensi Piretroid, AS-PCR, Dataran Tinggi Provinsi Jawa
Tengah
ABSTRACT
Background: Aedes aegypti mosquitoes as a vector-borne disease for dengue and Zika have
been expanding their habitat until high elevation. The vector resistance occurs as an impact
of insecticide used in vector control activities. The resistance is characterized by point
mutation that detected on the sodium channel had amino acid alteration from Valine to
Glycine at 1016 codon into domain II segment 6. Methods: Larvae of Ae. aegypti collected
from vector survey in three district/cities endemic dengue haemoraghic fever (DHF) at high
elevation in Central Java Province. It had reared up into adult which was ready for bioassay
according to the WHO standard using impregnated paper-based of cypermethrin insecticide
0,05%. The resistant and susceptible mosquitoes against insecticide were used to molecular
analyze of mutation 1016G allele in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene by allele-
specific PCR (AS-PCR) assay. Results: The bioassay result expressed mortality of Ae.
aegypti from the entire study sites 16%-80%. Mutant homozygous (G/G) and heterozygous
(V/G) were detecting in the study. The variation of kdr allele were distributing across the
study sites. Conclusion: Cypermethrin insecticide could not be used again in almost study
sites and should be discontinued. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes resistant as phenotype had
proved the mutation.
Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Pyrethroid Resistance, AS-PCR, High Elevation in Central Java
Province
Repository.Unimus.ac.id