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DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT   DD ENV 

1999-1-1:2000

ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW 

Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures Ð

Part 1-1: General rules Ð General rules

and rules for buildings

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This Draft for Development,having been prepared under thedirection of the Sector Committee for Building and CivilEngineering, was published under the authority of the StandardsCommittee and comes into effecton 15 December 2000

© BSI 12-2000

ISBN 0 580 36782 7

DD ENV 1999-1-1:2000

 Amendments issued since publication

 Amd. No. Date Comments

National foreword

This Draft for Development is the official English version of ENV 1999-1-1:1998.

This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.

It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a  provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that informationand experience of its practical application may be obtained.

Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so thatUK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for itsconversion into a European Standard. A review of this publication will be initiated 2

 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decision can betaken on its status at the end of its three-year life. The commencement of the review

 period will be notified by an announcement in Update Standards.

 According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsibleBSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a Europeanstandard, to extend the life of the prestandard or to withdraw it. Comments shouldbe sent in writing to the Secretary of BSI Subcommittee B/525/9, Structural use of 

aluminium, at 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, giving the documentreference and clause number and proposing, where possible, an appropriaterevision of the text.

 A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request toits secretary.

Cross-references

The British Standards which implement international or European publicationsreferred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under thesection entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using theªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the National Application Document (14 pages), the ENV title page, pages 2 to 212, an inside back

cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued.

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y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 103/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 104/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 105/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 106/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 107/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 108/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 109/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 110/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 111/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 112/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 113/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 114/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 115/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 116/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 117/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 118/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 119/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 120/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 121/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 122/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 123/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 124/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 125/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 126/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 127/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 128/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 129/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 130/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 131/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 132/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 133/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 134/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 135/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 136/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 137/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 138/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 139/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 140/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 141/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 142/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 143/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 144/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 145/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 146/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 147/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 148/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 149/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 150/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 151/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 152/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 153/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 154/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 155/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 156/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 157/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 158/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 159/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 160/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 161/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 162/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 163/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 164/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 165/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 166/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 167/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 168/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 169/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 170/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 171/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 172/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 173/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 174/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 175/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 176/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 177/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 178/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 179/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 180/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 181/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 182/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 183/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 184/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 185/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 186/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 187/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 188/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 189/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 190/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 191/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 192/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 193/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 194/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 195/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 196/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 197/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 198/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 199/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 200/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 201/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 202/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 203/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 204/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 205/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 206/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 207/230

  max

 f e

  

b)

 f  p

 f max

       p  

        e 

 e    e

       e 

  p     max

 f e

  

a)

 f  p

 e

321

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 208/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 209/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 210/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 211/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 212/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 213/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 214/230

 1

Class 4 (Slender)

Class 2 (Compact)

Class 1 (Ductile)

F/F u

 D/D u D el  /D u 1

Class 3 (Semi-compact)

 2

 3

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 215/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/dd-env-1999-1-1-2000 216/230

py

y

g

y

y,,

g

,

py,()

7/25/2019 DD ENV 1999-1-1 2000

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DD ENV 

1999-1-1:2000|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||

BSI Ð British Standards Institution

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is

incorporated by Royal Charter.

Revisions

British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standardsshould make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.

It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. Wewould be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using thisBritish Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible,the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: 020 8996 9000

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