Biological treatment technologies and practices€¦ · Biological treatment technologies and...

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Biological treatment technologies and practices composting – biogas – MBT Wolfgang Müller Universität Innsbruck Institut für Umwelttechnik Technikerstraße 13 A-6020 Innsbruck

Transcript of Biological treatment technologies and practices€¦ · Biological treatment technologies and...

Biological treatment technologies and

practices

composting – biogas – MBT

Wolfgang Müller

Universität Innsbruck

Institut für Umwelttechnik

Technikerstraße 13 A-6020 Innsbruck

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten What do we want to achieve ?

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Mixed household waste

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Composition of waste – Example Sofia Municipality

Food waste; 34%

Garden green waste; 3%

Wood; 2% Paper; 10%

Cardboard; 8%

Plastics; 14%

Textile; 4%

Rubber; 1%

Leather; 1% Glass; 5%

Metals; 1%

Inert; 16%

Hazardous waste; 1%

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Food waste; 34%

Garden green waste; 3%

Wood; 2%

Paper; 10% Cardboard;

8%

Plastics; 14%

Textile; 4%

Rubber; 1%

Leather; 1% Glass; 5%

Metals; 1%

Inert; 16%

Hazardous waste; 1%

Composition of waste – Example Sofia Municipality

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Food waste; 34%

Garden green waste; 3%

Wood; 2%

Paper; 10% Cardboard;

8%

Plastics; 14%

Textile; 4% Rubber; 1%

Leather; 1%

Glass; 5%

Metals; 1%

Inert; 16%

Hazardous waste; 1%

Composition of waste – Example Sofia Municipality

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Feedstocks for biowaste-treatment: bio-bin

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Feedstocks for biowaste-treatment: food waste

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten “Biowaste”: Source Separated Kitchen and Garden Waste

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Treatment target products

Technologies

Strategies for biological waste treatment

Feedstock

Mechanical-biological waste Treatment (MBT)

Biowaste treatment

Clean organic waste „Bio-bin“

Source separated from households, restaurants, markets …

Mixed waste „grey bin“

from household or industry

Mechanical preparation: shredding, screening, mixing, separation Biological treatment: composting, anaerobic digestion

Production of high quality compost for land application

Stabilisation prior to landfilling Separation of recyclables and RDF Low quality compost for restricted

use

Biogas renewable energy

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Mechanical preparation: Screening

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Metal separation – magnet, eddy current separation

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Biological waste treatment processes

Composting

Organic matter + oxygen CO2 + water + compost + heat

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Windrow composting

Can be applied for small quanties – decentralized solutions …..

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Forced aeration in windrow composting

Fan Fan

Ventilation

pipe

Drainage water

Leachate water funnel

with siphon

Aeration

CO2

Temperature GSM

transmition

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Windrow composting with membrane cover

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Windrow composting with roof and housed

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Tunnel composting

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Table windrow composting with automatic turning

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Biological waste treatment processes

Composting

Organic matter + oxygen CO2 + water + compost + heat

Organic matter + no oxygen Biogas + digestate

Anaerobic digestion

Biogas + oxygen CO2 + water + energy (electricity + heat)

digestate + oxygen CO2 + water + compost

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Anaerobic digestion process

rumen

saliva

organic

material

rennet

2nd stomach

large/small intestine

fermented

substrate

crushing 1st hydrolysis

disintegration of

readily biodegradable

materials

Methane stage

Synthesis of

biogas

2nd hydrolysis

disintegration of

persistent materials

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Wet digestion, continous process

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Dry Digestion - continous process, vertical systems

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Dry Digestion, continous process, horizontal digestors

- Fermenter essentially consists of a horizontal

plug flow reactor through which the substrate

flows continuously and horizontally.

input, e.g. waste

dosage

biogas

plug flow

reactor

digestate

extraction

Dewatering

process water

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Dry Digestion, batch process

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Dry Digestion, batch process

wheel loader

gate

biogas

garage-digester

exhaust air

percolate tank

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten MBT- mechanical biological Treatment of mixed household

waste

Food waste; 34%

Garden green waste; 3%

Wood; 2% Paper; 10%

Cardboard; 8%

Plastics; 14%

Textile; 4%

Rubber; 1%

Leather; 1% Glass; 5%

Metals; 1%

Inert; 16%

Hazardous waste; 1%

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Separation of recylables

Handsorting

http://www.titech.de

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Reccyclables

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten RDF - Refuse derived fuel

May, 12, 2009

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Waste preparation with pulper and grit-removal

www.bta-international.de

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Contraries (separated in wet separation)

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MBT –

generic

process flow

and

mass balance

mechanical

processing

AD

RDF (5 - 50%)

Recycables (3 - 25%)

(metals, plastics, etc.)

50 - 95%

stabilised waste

25 - 60%

post refinement

RDF, recycables

rejects

compost like output (5 - 15%)

70 - 120 m³ Biogas/t

Input

100%

maturation (1-3 weeks) Maturation

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Required Treatment time for MBT

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Properties of compost from a MBT in the UK

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Required Treatment time for MBT

Respiration acitivity

< 5 mg/g DM

(German/Austrian

limits)

Respiration acitivity

< 10 mg/g DM

(EC limit)

Composting 8 – 16 weeks 5 – 8 weeks

AD + composting 2-3 weeks AD

4 – 10 weeks

composting

2-3 weeks AD

2 – 5 weeks composting

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Landfilling of MBT residiues

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Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten Conclusions

Biological waste treatment is proven and accepted across Europe

Biological waste treatment provides high flexibility - can be designed for a wide range of capacities – from small to big - can be developed gradually, in terms of capacity and treatment targets - is flexible in terms of feedstock (change from MBT to treatment of clean organic waste)

Source separated organic waste is increasingly seen as a resource to produce * high quality compost and fertilizer (liquid digestate) * renewable energy from biogas

MBT is an efficient option for the treatment of mixed waste to meet the requirements of the EU landfill directive

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Thank you for your attention

[email protected]