FILIÈRE OLÉAGINEUSES évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles
Recuei l annuel
OILCROPS COMPLEX policy changes and industry measures
Annual compendium
2018
SECTOR OLEAGINOSAS cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial
Compendio anual
Trade and Markets Division (EST)Division des produits et échanges (EST)
Dirección de Comercio y Mercados (EST)
SECTOR OLEAGINOSAS cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial
OILCROPS COMPLEX policy changes and industry measures
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L’ ALIMENTATION ET L’AGRICULTURE
ORGANIZACIÓN DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA L’ AGRICULTURA Y L’ ALIMENTACIÓN
Rome/Roma, 2019
Trade and Markets Division (EST)Division des produits et échanges (EST)
Dirección de Comercio y Mercados (EST)
SECTOR OLEAGINOSAS cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial
Compendio anual — 2018
FILIÈRE OLÉAGINEUSES évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles
Recuei l annuel — 2018
OILCROPS COMPLEX policy changes and industry measures
Annual compendium — 2018
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Contents
Table de matières
Índice
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2018
Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2018
iii
©/P
exel
s
Introduction iv
Highlights v
Detailed news items: Table 1. Overview of domains covered 1
Table 2. Government policies implemented in 2018 2-38
Table 3. Industry measures and initiatives reported in 2018 39-54
Introduction viii
Faits saillants ix
Articles détaillés:
Tableau 1. Vue d'ensemble des domaines traités 1
Tableau 2. Politiques publiques mises en œuvre en 2018 2-38
Tableau 3. Mesures et initiatives de l'industrie recensées en 2018 39-54
Introducción xiii
Aspectos más destacados xiv
Noticias detalladas: Cuadro 1. Panorama de temas cubiertos 1
Cuadro 2. Políticas gubernamentales aplicadas en 2018 2-38
Cuadro 3. Medidas e iniciativas del sector industrial en 2018 39-54
iv Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2018
Introduction
The purpose of this compendium is to offer, in a single document, an overview of salient policy changes and related private sector measures concerning global and national markets for oilseed, oils/fats and meals in a particular year – in this case 2018.
The compendium reproduces, in tabular form, all the policy and industry news items published throughout 2018 in the FAO Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU). The main purpose is to facilitate the work of policy makers, market experts, analysts and other stakeholders by providing a short, concise overview of policy developments relevant to the oilcrops industry at the global, regional and national level.
Although every care has been taken to cover the most salient and relevant developments, the list of items presented is not exhaustive. Furthermore, drawing on a variety of sources, the accounts provided concentrate on key facts, refraining from in-depth analytical impact assessments.
The news items are presented in two major groups: 1) policy changes implemented (or under consideration) by national governments; and 2) voluntary industry initiatives, which include measures taken by private companies, sector associations, civil society groups and research and financial institutions.
In the tables, national policy changes are grouped by policy domains and, thereunder, by country (in alphabetical order), including reference to the month of implementation and to the product concerned. Industry measures, on the other hand, are presented by topic and, thereunder, in chronological order, with indication of the concerned country.
Acknowledgements: This report has been compiled by the Oilseeds Desk of the Trade and Markets Division (EST) under the lead of P. Thoenes and with the assistance of D. Yang and M. Milo. Support from E. Vecchione who formatted this report is gratefully acknowledged.
©/Flickr Ann Berlin
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2018 v
Farmers support: In 2018, China expanded its support to soybean growers while trimming maize production subsidies, reflecting both continued efforts to lower the country’s dependence on imported soybeans and ongoing reforms to scale back the nation’s grain reserve system. As for the Government’s sales of soybeans, soyoil and rapeseed oil from public reserves, volumes offered at auctions contracted compared to past years, in line with past decisions to phase out public procurement of oilcrops. In India, oilseeds and pulses – i.e. crops characterized by marked domestic supply deficits – received increased attention by policy makers who approved higher than customary increases in minimum support prices and initiated reforms in the country’s procurement system in a bid to shield producers from depressed market prices. In Brazil, the customary subsidies for farm loans, marketing support programmes and crop insurance schemes were renewed, while, in the United States of America (United States), a new Farm Bill covering the period 2019–2023 was adopted in December 2018. The Bill extended the various existing farm safety net schemes, while introducing small changes to enhance the effectiveness of these support tools. Furthermore, in the fall of 2018, US farmers impacted by China’s introduction of retaliatory tariffs on selected US imports, notably soybeans, were granted compensatory payments. In the European Union (EU) and Australia, relief payments were authorized for farmers hit by extreme drought. In Mexico, the public procurement scheme for oilseeds remained in place, although its scope was reduced compared to previous years; conversely, oilseed growers benefited from higher income support payments.
Sector development: Numerous countries, especially developing nations in the Asia-Pacific region and Africa, continued to implement a variety of sector development measures, mainly pursuing the following long-term objectives: i) reducing the dependence on imports; ii) raising export earnings; iii) fostering local value addition; and iv) promoting more sustainable and resilient production methods. Indonesia, for example, saw the launch of an ambitious replanting scheme for oil palm smallholders. The nationwide, multi-year scheme is aimed at fostering output growth by boosting productivity levels, as opposed to environmentally controversial area expansion. Among developed nations, the EU renewed its commitment to promote the cultivation of protein crops with a view to reduce the bloc’s reliance on imported genetically modified (GM)-soybean, while Canada continued to support the development of its export-oriented rapeseed industry.
Pest control measures: The approval of herbicides and norms regarding their use remained under the scrutiny of policy makers in several countries, reflecting persistent concern about potential environmental and health risks. In the United States, the use of Dicamba, one of the herbicides widely applied in soybean cultivation, was reauthorized, tied to a number of restrictions. As for Glyphosate, a US court fined a manufacturer for failing to warn users about the product’s cancer risks, whereas in Brazil, a recently imposed temporary utilization ban was rescinded to safeguard national economic interests. Meanwhile, Canada and the EU further restricted the use of neonicotinoids. A number of EU member states also launched joint programmes for the prevention and control of a bacterial disease affecting olive trees, while a group of African nations joined forces to combat aflatoxin contamination.
Biofuel policies: Higher mandatory consumption targets for biodiesel were implemented or scheduled for ensuing years in a number countries (i.e. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Thailand and the United States), triggered in part by the narrowing price gap between vegetable and mineral oils, which made biodiesel more competitive. Besides contributing to environmental objectives, higher national targets were also aimed at boosting the uptake of locally produced vegetable oils, thereby reducing domestic supply pressure and stabilizing prices. A case in point is Indonesia, where the scope of biodiesel subsidies was expanded and mandatory biodiesel use was extended to other sectors – with a view to foster domestic palm oil uptake. Argentina, where biodiesel production remained mostly export oriented, raised its export tax on the fuel in a bid to allay trade partners’ concerns over the alleged subsidization of the country’s biodiesel industry. In the United States, lawmakers retroactively extended the country’s biodiesel tax credit until December 2017, but did not deliberate on its renewal for 2018. India adopted ambitious long-term consumption goals for biodiesel, focusing on domestically produced raw materials, in particular used cooking oil. The EU issued a new bioenergy directive redefining biofuel consumption targets from 2020 onward. The new package combines caps for crop-based biofuels (including vegetable oil-based biodiesel) with ambitious targets for non-food biomass-based biofuels. It also determines that fuels deemed to bring about strong land use changes will need to be phased out entirely. Norway as well took steps towards banning all biofuels whose production entails high deforestation risks from the domestic biofuel market. The governments of Indonesia and Malaysia challenged these initiatives.
Highlights
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
In what follows, the most relevant policy changes and trends observed in 2018 are summarized below in bullet form. More detailed information is available in the ensuing tables (available in English only).
Trade policy measures: In 2018, a number of bilateral trade disputes affected global trade in oilcrops and derived products. Most importantly, the emergence of differences between the United States and China over their respective trade policies resulted in the implementation of new trade measures meant to balance overall trade between the two countries. New instruments included retaliatory import duties by China on US soybeans, which, given the size of China’s purchases, affected not only transactions between the two nations but also global trade patterns, with repercussions on the internal markets of various countries. Furthermore, long-lasting disputes over trade in vegetable oil-based biodiesel persisted in 2018, with i) exports from Argentina and Indonesia facing additional countervailing duties in the United States, and ii) the Philippines initiating anti-dumping investigations on palm oil imports from Indonesia and Malaysia.
Regarding import access, China – to mitigate the impact of its new tariffs on US soybeans – eased market access for oils and meals from other origins, while Turkey lowered (at least temporarily) its import duties on vegetable oil over concerns about domestic supply shortages. Conversely, a number of countries maintained or, as in the case of India, raised their import tariffs on oilcrops and derived products to protect local farmers, encourage domestic oilcrop production and support domestic processors and refiners.
On the export side, tumbling world prices of palm oil prompted Indonesia and Malaysia to suspend their palm oil export duties in a bid to stimulate international demand and curb domestic stocks. By contrast, Argentina raised its export taxes on oilseeds, oils and meals (thereby reversing earlier policies) as part of wider fiscal tightening policies. In the process, the country’s oilseed crush industry lost the protection it used to enjoy via tax differentials. Furthermore, Ukraine decided to phase out the tax refunds it traditionally granted to oilcrop exporters, while China stopped providing export tax rebates for soymeal in a bid to help meet the domestic demand for protein meals.
Moreover, a number of comprehensive trade agreements were under negotiation or became effective in 2018 – often involving important oilseed-exporting/importing nations, particularly concerning palm oil. As for bilateral oilcrop-specific trade initiatives, 2018 saw fewer initiatives than previous years.
Market regulation: Although featuring less prominently than in past years, a number of countries continued using a variety of instruments to regulate domestic markets. In China, the Government supported industry efforts to lower the prescribed protein content in compound animal feed, a move aimed at trimming the feed sector’s dependence on imported soymeal. Meanwhile, Senegal and Sri Lanka put in place market control measures aimed at stabilizing domestic retail prices of, respectively, groundnut oil and coconut products.
Food standards: The presence of harmful trans fats (which are generated when vegetable oils are hydrogenated to increase their stability) in food products continued to attract the attention of policy makers across the globe. While maximum permitted levels of trans fat were lowered in the EU and the Eurasian Economic Union, lawmakers in the United States and Thailand adopted legislation banning the production and sale of foods containing partially hydrogenated oils or fats. At the intergovernmental level, the WHO issued an action plan helping member countries to eliminate trans fats from their food supply chain. Furthermore, measures aimed at reducing people’s intake of saturated fat were under consideration in a number of countries, while steps to control aflatoxin contamination were taken in China. The year 2018 also saw fresh efforts to combat adulteration of edible oils, in particular in India.
GMO policies: While a number of new GM oilcrop varieties were formally approved in Argentina, Australia and Brazil, the concerned seed companies chose to postpone their commercial release, pending the outcome of regulatory reviews in all major import markets. Meanwhile, in Brazil, the revocation of seed patent rights for a popular GM soybean variety led to disputes over already collected royalty payments. The United States regulated the disclosure of GM material on food product labels, which will become mandatory in 2022. Highly processed ingredients from GM crops, including refined vegetable oil, were exempted from the new labelling requirement. The EU determined that crops obtained through genome-editing techniques fall under its GMO regulations, whereas the United States and China chose not to regulate the new plant breeding method.
Production sustainability: The debate on the need to move towards more sustainable methods of production intensified further in 2018, which, in addition to palm oil, also concerned soybeans. Amid intense public scrutiny, lawmakers in Indonesia, Malaysia and other palm oil producing countries stepped up efforts to promote more sustainable production practices. Indonesia approved a long-awaited, nation-wide moratorium on new oil palm plantation concessions. Moreover, new tools to monitor the conditions of the country’s forests were put in place, and funds for the protection and restoration of peatland areas were released. Furthermore, Indonesia and Malaysia both implemented measures to accelerate the adoption of mandatory national certification schemes for palm oil. Policies to encourage the adoption of sustainable production practices were also under consideration in Ecuador. As for soybeans, in Brazil’s Cerrado region, formal inquiries into soybean expansion involving the conversion of protected land were launched. Moreover, in France, a newly released action plan on climate change control included provisions for ending the importation of agricultural products that contribute to deforestation, with soybeans and palm oil featuring among the targeted crops.
Transport sector: In Brazil, the Government introduced minimum freight rates – a measure that raised costs of overland grain transportation considerably. On a positive note, official statistics indicated a growing reliance of traders in the Centre-West grain belt on the country’s recently developed northern export corridors, which helped decongesting the traditional, southbound routes. Elsewhere, Canada updated its national transportation legislation, with a view to ensuring farmers’ timely access to reliable rail services.
vi Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2018
INDUSTRY MEASURESSustainable production: In 2018, industry standards for sustainable palm oil production kept evolving amid close public scrutiny, as evidenced by several fresh private initiatives promoting the adoption of more responsible practices along the value chain. While several large palm oil companies set up projects to train smallholders on sustainable production practices and support their inclusion in formal certification schemes, numerous global agri-trade firms and food manufacturers renewed their undertakings towards “responsible” sourcing practices. In some instances, commitments to intensify supplier monitoring included pledges to publicly disclose the identity of suppliers. Furthermore, a number of companies ventured into satellite-based mapping tools designed to systematically trace the provenance of supplies, thus allowing buyers to verify whether individual suppliers adhered to their requirements. Related to this, in 2018, the number of cases where buyers suspended their relationship with suppliers failing to comply with their sustainability policies increased compared to earlier years.
In late 2018, the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), a globally recognized, industry-led standard-setting/certification body for palm oil, adopted a revised, stricter set of standards, including a ban on the clearance of secondary forest and certain peatland areas. Furthermore, as RSPO took steps to strengthen the credibility of its certification, verification and grievance system, fresh cases of alleged conduct breach prompted both the voluntary withdrawal of some members and RSPO action against others. The certification body also decided to guarantee anonymity to individuals filing complaints against its members.
Despite these efforts, the extent to which certification actually contributed to furthering sustainable production practices remained subject to debate. A number of observers as well as industry officials pointed out that the prevalence of opaque corporate structures allowing companies to conceal ties with unsustainable forms of production continued to undermine the key purposes of certification.
Meanwhile, it was estimated that, similar to previous years, barely one-fifth of global palm oil production was certified as sustainable. More importantly, growth in global demand for certified oil remained modest, suggesting persistently low levels of consumer awareness, especially in developing countries. According to RSPO data, global supplies of certified palm oil continued to exceed actual sales, with roughly half of all certified produce not finding a buyer. To address these issues, stakeholders along the palm oil value chain forged new alliances to promote the consumption of certified palm oil in two major consuming countries, India and China (respectively the world’s largest and third largest importers of palm oil). In both countries, national platforms to raise the awareness of businesses and consumers about certified oil were set up in 2018.
Sustainability discussions received increased attention also in other sectors, especially with respect to international soybean trade. In this regard, Brazil, the world’s top soybean supplier, saw the launch of a multi-stakeholder alliance to help end soybean expansion entailing the conversion of native vegetation in the Cerrado, the region where roughly half of the country’s soybeans are grown. Participating companies pledged to dissociate their soybean value chains from recently forested areas and explored means to reward farmers who refrained from clearing areas that could otherwise be legally deforested. Moreover, under a “responsible” lending scheme set up by a private consortium, farmers committing to sustainable forms of production expansion were given access to preferential loans conditions.
International trade: Amid the evolving trade relations between the United States and China, Chinese state-controlled grain trading companies continued to expand their presence in overseas markets and transport infrastructure, especially in Brazil, thus contributing to limit the nation’s reliance on foreign traders. Meanwhile, palm oil exporters in Malaysia joined forces to foster their sales to markets other than the EU, driven by concerns over the likely introduction of EU-wide palm oil-specific import barriers. In Brazil, farmers associations in the country’s Centre-West grain belt joined ongoing public/private efforts to expand the country’s northern export routes. They signalled their willingness to co-finance the construction of a northbound railroad and established ties with the Panama Canal Authority to promote grain shipments from northern Brazil through the Canal to destinations in the Pacific Ocean.
Marketing practices: In the EU, two new instances of food retailers opting to remove palm oil from their own-brand food products were recorded. Moreover, a global, voluntary “palm oil-free” certification scheme (International Palm Oil Free Certification Accreditation Programme) gained regulatory approval in a number of countries. With regard to seed markets, a long-standing dispute between Argentine farmers and seed suppliers over royalty payments has been resolved. Concerning futures markets, various commodity exchanges introduced enhancements to their contracts for oilcrops and their by-products. Furthermore, global commodity traders reported the first, successful blockchain-based transactions.
Research & Development: Similar to previous years, in 2018, industry-led and academic research activities resulted in the development of i) new oilseed varieties offering higher performance or disease tolerance, and ii) oils and meals with improved functionality and/or beneficial nutritional and health profiles. Seed firms worldwide showed increased interest in genome-editing techniques (as opposed to traditional genetic modification methods), driven by both cost considerations and expected higher levels of consumer acceptance. Apart from new oilseed varieties, research activities also focused on the development of new oil/meal-based products, covering new food/feed uses as well as industrial applications. Novel products included food-grade protein from sunflower meal, de-oiled rapeseed lecithin, as well as plastics, polyesters, drugs and other industrial materials developed in part from waste material. Work on methods to detect adulteration in edible oils, notably olive oil, also continued to receive attention.
Biofuel measures: With regard to biofuels, industry efforts increasingly focused on the use of waste products, notably used cooking oil, as raw materials for biodiesel production – a development facilitated by technological advances in the processing of low-quality feedstock.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual Compendium 2018 vii
viii Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2018
Introduction
L’objectif de ce recueil est de proposer, dans un document unique, une vue d’ensemble des principales évolutions en matière de politiques et des mesures connexes prises par le secteur privé, pertinentes pour les marchés mondiaux et nationaux des graines, des huiles et des farines d’oléagineux au cours d’une année donnée – dans ce cas en 2018.
Le recueil reproduit, sous forme de tableau, tous les articles concernant les politiques et les mesures sectorielles publiés par la FAO tout au long de 2018 dans son bulletin mensuel Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU). Son but principal est de faciliter le travail des décideurs, des experts du marché, des analystes et autres parties intéressées en leur fournissant un aperçu, bref et concis, de l’évolution des politiques pertinentes pour le secteur des cultures oléagineuses à l’échelle nationale, régionale et mondiale.
Même si toutes les précautions ont été prises pour couvrir les évolutions les plus saillantes et les plus pertinentes, la liste des éléments présentés n’est pas exhaustive. En outre, en s’appuyant sur diverses sources, le recueil se concentre sur les principaux faits et s’abstient d’évaluer en détail leur impact.
Les informations sont scindées en deux grands groupes: 1) évolutions des politiques mises en œuvre (ou à l’étude) par des gouvernements nationaux et 2) initiatives volontaires du secteur, y compris les mesures prises par des entreprises privées, des associations sectorielles, des groupes de la société civile et des institutions financières et de recherche.
Dans les tableaux, les évolutions des politiques nationales sont regroupées par domaine politique, puis par pays (par ordre alphabétique) et sont accompagnées d’une référence à leur mois de mise en œuvre et aux produits concernés. Les mesures sectorielles sont quant à elles présentées par thème, puis par ordre chronologique, et sont accompagnées d’une indication du pays concerné.
Remerciements: Ce rapport a été préparé par l’équipe oléagineux de la Division des produits et échanges (EST) sous la direction de P. Thoenes et avec l’aide de D. Yang et M. Milo. Le soutien de E. Vecchione, qui a formaté ce rapport, est apprécié.
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Filière oléagineuses: Évolution des politiques et des mesures sectorielles - Recueil annuel 2018 ix
Faits saillants
Les paragraphes ci-après résument les évolutions des politiques et les tendances les plus pertinentes observées en 2018 sous forme de liste à puces. Des informations plus détaillées sont fournies dans les tableaux qui suivent (disponibles en anglais seulement).
POLITIQUES PUBLIQUESSoutien aux producteurs: En 2018, la Chine a accru son soutien aux producteurs de soja alors qu’elle a réduit les subven-tions accordées à la production de maïs, reflétant à la fois la poursuite des efforts visant à réduire la dépendance du pays à l’égard des importations de soja et les réformes en cours destinées à réduire le système national de réserves céréalières. Concernant les ventes de soja, d’huile de soja et d'huile de colza réalisées par le gouvernement à partir des stocks publics, les volumes proposés lors des ventes aux enchères ont reculé par rapport aux années précédentes, conformément aux décisions prises dans le passé visant à éliminer progressivement les achats publics des produits oléagineuses. En Inde, les oléagineux et les légumineuses – c.-à-d. deux cultures caractérisées par des déficits importants de l’offre domestique – ont reçu une attention accrue de la part des décideurs politiques qui ont i) approuvé des augmentations plus élevées que d’hab-itude des prix minimum de soutien, et ii) entrepris des réformes dans le système d'achats publics en vue de protéger les producteurs face à la dépression des prix du marché. Au Brésil, les subventions habituelles en faveur des prêts agricoles, les programmes de soutien à la commercialisation et les programmes d’assurance-récolte ont été renouvelés, alors qu’aux les États-Unis d'Amerique (États-Unis) une nouvelle Loi agricole couvrant la période 2019-2023 a été adoptée en décembre 2018. Cette loi prolonge les différents plans de protection sociale agricole en vigueur et introduit de petits changements visant à améliorer l’efficacité des ces outils d’appui. En outre, à l'automne 2018, les agriculteurs américains touchés par les mesures de rétorsion adoptées par la Chine sur certaines importations américaines, notamment le soja, ont bénéficié d’in-demnités compensatoires. Dans l'Union européene (UE) et en Australie, des indemnités de soutien ont été autorisées pour les agriculteurs touchés par la sécheresse extrême. Au Mexique, le système d’achats institutionnels de graines oléagineuses est resté en vigueur, bien que sa portée ait été réduite par rapport aux années précédentes. En revanche, les producteurs de graines oléagineuses ont bénéficié de paiements accrus au titre du soutien aux revenus.
Développement du secteur: De nombreux pays, en particulier des pays en développement de la région Asie-Pacifique et d'Afrique, ont continué à mettre en œuvre un éventail de mesures de développement du secteur, en poursuivant principale-ment les objectifs à long terme suivants: i) réduire la dépendance à l'égard des importations; ii) augmenter les recettes d'ex-portation; iii) favoriser la valeur ajoutée au niveau local; et iv) promouvoir davantage les méthodes de production durables et résilientes. L'Indonésie, par exemple, a lancé un ambitieux programme de reboisement pour les petits exploitants du palmier à huile. Le programme national, qui s’échelonne sur plusieurs années, vise à favoriser la croissance de la production en aug-mentant les niveaux de productivité plutôt qu’en accroissant les superficies exploitées, qui soulève des préoccupations sur le plan environnemental. Parmi les pays développés, l'UE a renouvelé son engagement en faveur de la promotion de culture de protéagineux en vue de réduire sa dépendance à l’égard des importations de soja génétiquement modifié, tandis que le Canada continue de soutenir le développement de son secteur du colza, axé sur les exportations.
Mesures de lutte phytosanitaire: L'approbation des herbicides et des normes relatives à leur utilisation demeure assu-jettie à l'examen des décideurs politiques dans plusieurs pays, reflétant l’inquiétude persistante concernant les risques potentiels pour l'environnement et la santé. Aux États-Unis, l'utilisation du Dicamba, l'un des herbicides appliqués largement dans la culture de soja, a été réautorisée, associée à un certain nombre de restrictions. Quant au le Glyphosate, un tribunal américain a condamné un fabricant pour avoir omis d'avertir les utilisateurs sur les risques de cancer liés à l’utilisation de ce produit, tandis qu'au Brésil, une récente interdiction temporaire d’utilisation a été annulée pour préserver les intérêts économiques nationaux. Parallèlement, le Canada et l’UE ont limité davantage l’utilisation des néonicotinoïdes. Un certain nombre d'États membres de l'UE ont également lancé des programmes conjoints pour la prévention et le contrôle d'une maladie bactérienne affectant les oliviers, tandis qu'un groupe de nations africaines ont uni leurs forces pour lutter contre la contamination par les aflatoxines.
Politiques relatives aux biocarburants: Des cibles accrues en matière d’utilisation obligatoire de biodiesel ont été fixés ou sont prévus pour les années à venir dans un certain nombre de pays (à savoir: Argentine, Brésil, Colombie, la République de Corée, Indonésie, Malaisie, Thaïlande et États-Unis), induit par notamment le resserrement des écarts de prix entre les huiles végétales et minérales, qui rend le biodiesel plus compétitif. Outre le fait de contribuer à l'atteinte des objectifs environne-mentaux, les cibles nationales plus élevés visent également à accroître l’absorption d'huiles végétales produites localement, de façon à réduire la pression sur l'offre intérieure et à stabiliser des prix. C’est le cas notamment en Indonésie, où la portée des subventions accordées au biodiesel a été élargie et l’utilisation obligatoire de biodiesel a été étendue à d’autres sec-teurs – en vue de favoriser l’utilisation de l’huile de palme nationale. L’Argentine, où la production de biodiesel est demeurée
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essentiellement axée sur les exportations, a relevé la taxe imposée sur les exportations de carburant en vue d’atténuer les inquiétudes des partenaires commerciaux concernant les subventions prétendument accordées à l’industrie du biodiesel du pays. Aux États-Unis, les législateurs ont rétroactivement prolongé le crédit d’impôt sur le biodiesel jusqu’en décembre 2017, mais n’ont pas délibéré sur son renouvellement pour 2018. L’Inde a adopté des objectifs ambitieux d’utilisation du biodiesel sur le long terme, en mettant l’accent sur les matières premières produites sur le marché intérieur, en particulier les huiles de cuisson usagées. L’UE a publié une nouvelle directive relative aux bioénergies qui redéfinit les objectifs d’utilisation de biocarburant à partir de 2020. Le nouveau dispositif combine des plafonds pour les biocarburants d’origine agricole (y compris le biodiesel à base d’huile végétale) avec des objectifs ambitieux pour les biocarburants produits à partir de bio-masse non alimentaire. Il détermine aussi que les combustibles considérés comme occasionnant des changements d’affec-tation des terres importants devront être retirés progressivement. La Norvège a également pris des mesures visant à exclure du marché national des carburants les biocarburants dont la production est associée à un risque élevé de déboisement. Les Gouvernements indonésiens et malaisiens ont contesté ces initiatives.
Mesures de politique commerciale: En 2018, un certain nombre de différends commerciaux bilatéraux ont affecté le commerce mondial des graines oléagineuses et de leurs produits dérivés. En particulier, l'émergence de divergences entre les États-Unis et la Chine concernant leurs politiques commerciales respectives a entraîné l'adoption de nouvelles mesures commerciales visant à équilibrer l'ensemble des échanges entre les deux pays. Les nouveaux instruments comporte des droits de rétorsion à l’importation de la part de la Chine sur le soja des États-Unis, qui en raison de l’ampleur des achats de la Chine, ont affecté non seulement les transactions entre les deux nations mais également les régimes commerciaux à l’échelle mondiale, avec des répercussions sur les marchés internes de divers pays. En outre, des différends de longue date concernant le commerce du biodiesel à base d'huile végétale ont persisté en 2018, notamment: i) les exportations de l'Ar-gentine et de l'Indonésie demeure confrontées à des droits compensatoires supplémentaires aux États-Unis, et ii) les Philip-pines ont initié des enquêtes anti-dumping sur les importations d'huile de palme en provenance d’Indonésie et de Malaisie.
En ce qui concerne l'accès aux importations, la Chine – pour atténuer l'impact de ses nouveaux tarifs sur le soja des États-Unis – a facilité l'accès à son marché des huiles et des farines provenant d'autres origines, alors que la Turquie a abaissé (au moins temporairement) ses droits sur les importations d'huile végétale par crainte de pénuries de l’offre in-térieure. En revanche, un certain nombre de pays ont maintenu ou, comme dans le cas de l'Inde, ont augmenté les droits à l'importation imposés sur les graines oléagineuses et leurs produits dérivés afin de protéger les agriculteurs locaux, d’en-courager la production intérieure et de soutenir les transformateurs et les raffineurs nationaux.
Du côté des exportations, la baisse des prix mondiaux de l'huile de palme a incité l'Indonésie et la Malaisie à suspendre leurs droits sur les exportations d’huile de palme en vue de stimuler la demande internationale et de plafonner les stocks intérieurs. A l’inverse, l'Argentine a augmenté ses taxes à l'exportation sur les graines oléagineuses, les huiles et les farines (mettant ainsi fin aux politiques antérieures) dans le cadre de vastes politiques de resserrement budgétaire. Au cours du pro-cessus, l'industrie nationale de la trituration des graines oléagineuses a perdu la protection dont elle bénéficiait par le biais de taxes différentielles. En outre, l'Ukraine a décidé d'éliminer progressivement les remboursements fiscaux qu’elle avait l’habitude d’accorder aux exportateurs d’oléagineux, alors que la Chine a cessé d’accorder des abattements d'impôt sur les exportations de farines de soja en vue d'aider à satisfaire la demande intérieure de farines protéiques.
Par ailleurs, un certain nombre d’accords commerciaux compréhensifs étaient en cours de négociation ou sont entrés en vi-gueur en 2018 – impliquant souvent des pays importants en matière d’importation/exportation d’oléagineux, notamment en ce qui concerne l’huile de palme. Concernant les initiatives commerciales bilatérales spécifiques aux graines oléagineuses, il y a eu moins d’initiatives en 2018 que lors des années précédentes.
Réglementation du marché: Bien qu’occupant une place moins importante qu’au cours des années passées, un cer-tain nombre de pays ont continué de réguler les marchés intérieurs à l'aide d'un large éventail d'instruments. En Chine, le gouvernement a appuyé des mesures pris par l’industrie visant à réduire la teneur en protéines dans les aliments composés pour animaux, une initiative dont le but est de réduire la dépendance du secteur des aliments pour animaux à l’égard des farines de soja importées. Parallèlement, le Sénégal et le Sri Lanka ont mis en place des mesures de contrôle visant à stabi-liser les prix de détail intérieurs de l’huile d’arachide (Sénégal) et des produits dérivés de la noix de coco (Sri Lanka).
Normes alimentaires: La présence de gras trans mauvais pour la santé (qui sont générés lorsque les huiles végétales sont hydrogénées afin d'accroître leur stabilité) dans les produits alimentaires a continué d'attirer l'attention des décideurs politiques du monde entier. Alors que les niveaux maximaux autorisés pour les acides gras trans ont été abaissés dans l'UE et la Communauté économique eurasienne, les législateurs des États-Unis et de la Thaïlande ont adopté une législation interdisant la production et la vente d'aliments contenant des huiles et des graisses partiellement hydrogénées. Au niveau intergouvernemental, l'OMS a diffusé un plan d'action aidant les pays membres à éliminer les gras trans de leur chaîne d'ap-provisionnement. En outre, des mesures visant à réduire la consommation de graisses saturées étaient à l'étude dans de nombreux pays, tandis que des mesures de contrôle de la contamination par les aflatoxines ont été prises en Chine. L’année 2018 a également été marquée par de nouveaux efforts déployés pour lutter contre le frelatage des huiles comestibles, en particulier en Inde.
Politiques en matière d’OGM: Bien qu'un certain nombre de nouvelles variétés oléagineuses GM (génétiquement modi-fiées) aient été officiellement approuvées en Argentine, en Australie et au Brésil, les compagnies de semences concernées ont choisi de reporter leur lancement commercial, dans l’attente des résultats des examens réglementaires dans tous les
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MESURES ET INITIATIVES DE L'INDUSTRIE
principaux marchés d'importation. Par ailleurs, au Brésil, la révocation des droits de brevet sur les semences concernant une variété populaire de soja GM a engendré des différends sur les paiements de redevances déjà recueillis. Les États-Unis ont réglementé la publication d’informations relatives au matériel GM utilisé, sur les étiquettes de produits alimentaires, qui deviendront obligatoires en 2022. Les ingrédients ultratransformés issus de cultures génétiquement modifiées, y compris l'huile végétale raffinée, ont été exemptés de la nouvelle obligation d'étiquetage. L'UE a jugé que les cultures obtenues par l'intermédiaire des techniques d’édition génomique relevaient de sa réglementation sur les OGM, alors que les États-Unis et la Chine ont choisi de ne pas réglementer cette nouvelle méthode de sélection végétale.
Durabilité de la production: Le débat sur la nécessité d'évoluer vers des méthodes de production plus durables s'est en-core intensifié en 2018, et concerne non seulement l'huile de palme mais également le soja. Dans un contexte d’examen at-tentif de la part du grand public, les législateurs en Indonésie, en Malaisie ainsi que dans d’autres pays producteurs d’huile de palme ont intensifié leurs efforts visant à promouvoir des pratiques de production plus durables. L'Indonésie a approuvé un moratoire attendu depuis longtemps, à l'échelle du pays, sur les nouvelles concessions de plantations de palmiers à hu-ile. En outre, de nouveaux outils pour surveiller les conditions des forêts du pays ont été mis en place et des fonds destinés à la protection et à la restauration des tourbières ont été débloqués. Par ailleurs, l’Indonésie et la Malaisie ont mis en œuvre des mesures visant à accélérer l’adoption de régimes de certification nationaux obligatoires pour l’huile de palme. Des poli-tiques destinées à encourager l’adoption de pratiques de production durables ont également été examinées en Équateur. Pour ce qui est du soja, dans la région du Cerrado au Brésil, des enquêtes officielles ont été lancées sur l’expansion des superficies consacrées au soja et impliquant la conversion de terres protégées. En outre, en France, un plan d’action relatif à la lutte contre les changements climatiques publié récemment comprend des dispositions visant à mettre fin aux importa-tions de produits agricoles qui contribuent à la déforestation, le soja et l’huile de palme figurant parmi les cultures ciblées.
Secteur des transports: Au Brésil, le Gouvernement a introduit des taux de fret minimum – une mesure qui a fait aug-menter considérablement les coûts de transport terrestre des graines. Un point positif, les statistiques officielles font état d’une importance croissante des couloirs d’exportation du nord récemment développés pour les négociants de la ceinture agricole du Centre-Ouest du Brésil, ce qui a permis de désengorger les routes traditionnelles en direction du sud. Ailleurs, le Canada a mis à jour sa législation nationale sur les transports, en vue d’assurer aux agriculteurs un accès en temps op-portun à des services ferroviaires fiables.
Production durable: En 2018, les normes industrielles concernant la production durable d'huile de palme n’ont cessé d’évoluer sous l'œil attentif du grand public, comme en témoignent plusieurs nouvelles initiatives privées favorisant l'adop-tion de pratiques plus responsables le long de la chaîne de valeur. Alors que plusieurs grandes compagnies d’huile de palme ont mis sur pied des projets visant à former les petits exploitants aux pratiques de production durable et à appuyer leur inclusion dans les régimes de certification formelle, plusieurs entreprises commerciales agroalimentaires mondiales et de nombreux fabricants de produits alimentaires ont renouvelé leurs engagements envers l'approvisionnement «responsable». Dans certains cas, les engagements visant à surveiller les fournisseurs comprenaient des engagements à rendre publique l’identité des fournisseurs. En outre, un certain nombre de sociétés se sont lancées dans l’utilisation d’outils de cartographie par satellite conçus pour tracer systématiquement la provenance des approvisionnements, permettant ainsi aux acheteurs de s’assurer que les fournisseurs individuels respectent leurs exigences. À cet égard, en 2018, le nombre de cas où les acheteurs ont suspendu leurs relations avec des fournisseurs qui ne respectaient pas leurs politiques de durabilité a aug-menté par rapport aux années antérieures.
À la fin de 2018, la Table ronde pour une huile de palme durable (RSPO), l’organisme de normalisation et certification de l’huile de palme dirigé par l’industrie et mondialement reconnu, a adopté une nouvelle série de normes plus strictes, y com-pris une interdiction relative au défrichement des forêts secondaires et de certaines tourbières. En outre, la RSPO ayant pris des mesures visant à renforcer la crédibilité de son système de certification, de vérification et d’examen des plaintes, des nouveaux cas présumés de violation ont suscité le retrait volontaire de certains membres ainsi que des mesures coercitives de la RSPO envers d'autres membres. L’organisme de certification a également décidé de garantir l’anonymat aux per-sonnes déposant des plaintes contre ses membres.
Malgré ces efforts, la mesure dans laquelle la certification contribue effectivement à faire progresser les pratiques de pro-duction durable continue de faire l’objet d’âpres discussions. Un certain nombre d'observateurs ainsi que des représentants de l'industrie ont signalé que la prévalence de structures d'entreprise opaques permettant aux sociétés de dissimuler leurs liens avec des méthodes de production non durables ont continué de compromettre les objectifs clés de la certification.
Parallèlement, il a été estimé que, comme lors des années précédentes, à peine un cinquième de la production mondiale d'huile de palme a été certifié comme étant durable. Plus important encore, la croissance de la demande mondiale d'huile certifiée est restée modeste, ce qui semble indiquer que les niveaux de sensibilisation des consommateurs restent faibles, en particulier dans les pays en développement. Selon les données de la RSPO, l’offre mondiale d’huile de palme certifiée a continué de dépasser les ventes réelles, tant dis que à peu près la moitié de l’ensemble des produits certifiés n’a pas
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trouvant d’acheteur. Pour faire face à ce problème, les parties prenantes le long de la chaîne de valeur de l'huile de palme ont créé de nouvelles alliances afin de promouvoir la consommation d’huile de palme certifiée dans deux grands pays con-sommateurs, l'Inde et la Chine (respectivement les premier et troisième plus gros importateurs d'huile de palme). Dans ces deux pays, des plateformes nationales visant à sensibiliser les entreprises et les consommateurs aux huiles certifiées ont été mises en place en 2018.
Les discussions relatives à la durabilité ont reçu une attention accrue également dans d’autres secteurs, en particulier en ce qui concerne le commerce international de soja. À ce propos, le Brésil, premier fournisseur de soja de la planète, a vu le lancement d’une alliance multipartite visant à mettre fin au développement des superficies consacrées au soja qui en-trainent la conversion de la végétation indigène dans le Cerrado, la région dans laquelle environ la moitié du soja du pays est cultivée. Les entreprises participantes se sont engagées à dissocier leurs chaînes de valeur de soja des zones récemment boisées et à explorer des moyens de récompenser les agriculteurs qui s’abstiennent de défricher des zones qui pourraient autrement être légalement déboisées. En outre, dans le cadre d’un régime de prêt «responsable» mis en place par un con-sortium privé, les agriculteurs qui s’engagent à développer leur production de façon durable peuvent accéder à des prêts à des conditions préférentielles.
Commerce international: Dans un contexte d’évolution des relations commerciales entre les États-Unis et la Chine, les sociétés de négoce de graines contrôlées par l’État chinois ont continué à renforcer leur présence sur les marchés et les infrastructures de transport outre mer, en particulier au Brésil, contribuant ainsi à limiter la dépendance du pays à l’égard des négociants étrangers. Par ailleurs, les exportateurs d’huile de palme en Malaisie ont uni leurs forces en vue de stimuler leurs ventes sur d’autres marchés que celui de l’Union Européenne, en raison des inquiétudes relatives à l’introduction prob-able de barrières spécifiques à l’importation d’huile de palme à l’échelle de l’UE. Au Brésil, des associations d'agriculteurs dans la ceinture agricole du Centre-Ouest ont uni les efforts publics/privés actuels visant à renforcer les voies d'exportation du nord du pays. Elles ont manifesté leur volonté de cofinancer la construction d'une voie ferrée vers les ports du nord et d’instaurer des liens avec l'Autorité du Canal de Panama pour favoriser les expéditions de graines à partir du nord du Brésil en passant par le Canal vers des destinations dans l'océan Pacifique.
Pratiques de commercialisation: Dans l'UE, deux nouveaux cas de détaillants alimentaires ayant décidé de retirer l'huile de palme de leurs produits alimentaires de marque distributeur ont été signalés. En outre, un système global de certification volontaire «sans huile de palme» (International Palm Oil Free Certification Accreditation Programme) a obtenu l’approbation réglementaire dans plusieurs pays. Pour ce qui concerne les marchés des semences, un différend de longue date entre les agriculteurs argentins et les fournisseurs de semences concernant des paiements de redevances a été résolu. Pour ce qui est des marchés à terme, diverses bourses de marchandises ont introduit des améliorations à leurs contrats pour les oléag-ineux et leurs sous-produits. En outre, des négociants mondiaux ont pour la première fois mené de transactions fondées sur la technologie des chaînes de blocs ("blockchain").
Recherche et développement: Comme dans les années précédentes, en 2018, des activités de recherche menées par l’in-dustrie et des universités ont abouti au développement: i) de nouvelles variétés d'oléagineux plus performantes ou offrant un niveau de tolérance plus élevé aux maladies, et ii) d’huiles et de farines à fonctionnalité améliorée et/ou dotées de profils nu-tritionnels et sanitaires plus bénéfiques. Les entreprises semencières à l’échelle de la planète ont manifesté un intérêt accru envers les techniques d’édition génomique (par opposition aux méthodes traditionnelle de modification génétique), guidés par des considérations de coût ainsi que des niveaux d’appréciation accrus prévus de la part des consommateurs. Outre les nouvelles variétés d'oléagineux, les activités de recherche ont également porté sur la fabrication de nouveaux produits à base d’huile/de farine, couvrant de nouveaux usages pour l’alimentation humaine/animale ainsi que des applications indus-trielles. Parmi ces nouveaux produits figurent les protéines de qualité alimentaire à base de farine de tournesol, de lécithine de colza déshuilée, ainsi que des plastiques, des polyesters, des médicaments et d'autres matériaux industriels fabriqués en partie à partir de matières résiduelles. Les travaux sur les méthodes visant à détecter le frelatage d’huiles alimentaires, notamment d’huile d’olive, ont également continué de faire l’objet d’une attention particulière.
Mesures relatives aux biocarburants: Pour ce qui concerne les biocarburants, les efforts de l'industrie se sont davantage axés sur l'utilisation des déchets, notamment les huiles de cuisson usagées, comme matières premières pour la production de biodiesel – un développement facilité par les progrès technologiques dans la transformation des matières premières de qualité inférieure.
Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2018 xiiiSector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2018 xiii
Introducción
La finalidad de este compendio es facilitar, en un único documento, un panorama general de los principales cambios de política y medidas conexas adoptadas por el sector privado en relación con los mercados mundial y nacionales de semillas oleaginosas, aceites, grasas y harinas en un año determinado, en este caso 2018.
El compendio reproduce, en forma tabular, todas las políticas y noticias del sector industrial aparecidas durante 2018 en la publicación FAO Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU). El objetivo principal es facilitar la labor de los responsables de las políticas, expertos de mercado, analistas y otras partes interesadas, proporcionándoles un panorama general breve y conciso de las novedades de política pertinentes a la industria de las semillas oleaginosas a nivel mundial, regional y nacional.
Aunque se ha hecho todo lo posible para cubrir las novedades más destacadas y pertinentes, la lista de noticias presentadas no es exhaustiva. Además, basándose en una variedad de fuentes, los informes presentados se concentran en factores clave, absteniéndose de evaluaciones profundas sobre su impacto.
Las noticias se presentan divididas en dos grupos principales: 1) cambios de política aplicados (u objeto de examen) por los gobiernos nacionales, y 2) iniciativas voluntarias del sector industrial, que incluyen las medidas adoptadas por las empresas privadas, asociaciones del sector, grupos de la sociedad civil e instituciones de investigación y financieras.
En los cuadros, las novedades en materia de políticas nacionales se agrupan por ámbitos de política y por países (en orden alfabético), incluidas las referencias al mes de aplicación y al producto de interés. Por otro lado, las medidas del sector industrial se presentan por tema y en orden cronológico, con indicación del país involucrado.
Agradacimientos: Este informe ha sido elaborado por el equipo semillas oleaginosas de la Dirección de Comercio y Mercados (EST), bajo la dirección de P. Thoenes y con la ayuda de D. Yang y M. Milo. Se agradece el apoyo de E. Vecchione que formateó este informe.
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xiv Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2018
Aspectos más destacados
En las siguientes líneas se presentan de manera resumida los cambios de política y tendencias más relevantes observadas en 2018. En los cuadros que figuran a continuación (disponibles sólo en inglés) se proporciona información más detallada.
POLÍTICAS GUBERNAMENTALES
Apoyo a los agricultores: En 2018, China amplió su apoyo a los productores de soja al tiempo que reducía los subsidios a la producción de maíz, lo que refleja tanto los esfuerzos continuos para reducir la dependencia del país de la soja importada como las reformas en curso para reducir el sistema nacional de reservas de cereales. En cuanto a las ventas del Gobierno de soja, aceite de soja y aceite de colza de las reservas públicas, los volúmenes ofrecidos en las subastas se contrajeron en comparación con los de años anteriores, en consonancia con las decisiones adoptadas anteriormente de eliminar gradualmente las compras públicas de cultivos oleaginosos. En la India, las semillas oleaginosas y las legumbres, es decir, los cultivos caracterizados por un marcado déficit de oferta interna, recibieron una mayor atención por parte del Gobierno, quien aprobó aumentos superiores a los habituales de los precios de apoyo mínimos y emprendió reformas en el sistema de adquisiciones públicas con la intención de proteger a los productores de la caída de los precios del mercado. En el Brasil se renovaron las subvenciones habituales para los préstamos agrícolas, los programas de apoyo a la comercialización y los planes de seguro de las cosechas, mientras que en los Estados Unidos de América (Estados Unidos) se aprobó, en diciembre de 2018, una nueva Ley Agrícola que abarca el período 2019-2023. La ley amplió los diversos sistemas existentes de redes de seguridad agrícola, al tiempo que introdujo pequeños cambios para mejorar la eficacia de estos instrumentos de apoyo. Además, en el otoño de 2018, se concedieron pagos compensatorios a los agricultores estadounidenses afectados por la introducción por parte de China de aranceles de retorsión sobre determinadas importaciones estadounidenses, en particular la soja. En la Unión Europea (UE) y Australia, se autorizaron los pagos de ayuda a los agricultores afectados por la sequía extrema. En México, el plan de compras públicas de semillas oleaginosas se mantuvo, aunque su alcance se redujo en comparación con años anteriores; por el contrario, los productores de semillas oleaginosas se beneficiaron de pagos más elevados de apoyo a los ingresos.
Medidas de desarrollo del sector: Numerosos países, en especial los países en desarrollo de la región de Asia y el Pacífico y de África, siguieron aplicando diversas medidas de desarrollo del sector, principalmente con los siguientes objetivos a largo plazo: i) reducir la dependencia de las importaciones; ii) aumentar los ingresos de exportación; iii) fomentar el valor añadido local, y iv) promover métodos de producción más sostenibles y resilientes. En Indonesia, por ejemplo, se puso en marcha un ambicioso plan de replantación para los pequeños productores de palma aceitera. El plan nacional plurianual tiene por objeto fomentar el crecimiento de la producción mediante el aumento de los niveles de productividad, en contraposición a la ambientalmente controvertida expansión de las superficies. Entre los países desarrollados, la UE renovó su compromiso de promover los cultivos proteaginosos con vistas a reducir la dependencia del bloque de la soja transgénica importada, mientras que el Canadá siguió apoyando el desarrollo de su industria de colza orientada a la exportación.
Medidas de control de plagas: La aprobación de los herbicidas y las normas relativas a su uso siguieron siendo objeto de examen por los gobiernos en varios países, lo que indica una preocupación persistente por los posibles riesgos para el medio ambiente y la salud. En los Estados Unidos, el uso de dicamba, uno de los herbicidas ampliamente aplicados en el cultivo de la soja, se volvió a autorizar vinculado a una serie de restricciones. En cuanto al glifosato, un tribunal estadounidense impuso una multa a un fabricante por no advertir a los usuarios sobre los riesgos de cáncer del producto, mientras que en el Brasil se revocó una prohibición impuesta recientemente de utilización temporal para salvaguardar los intereses económicos nacionales. Mientras tanto, el Canadá y la UE limitaron aún más el uso de neonicotinoides. Varios Estados miembros de la UE también pusieron en marcha programas conjuntos para la prevención y el control de una enfermedad bacteriana que afecta a los olivos, mientras que un grupo de naciones africanas unieron sus fuerzas para combatir la contaminación por aflatoxinas.
Políticas en materia de biocombustibles: En varios países – en específico la Argentina, el Brasil, Colombia, la República de Corea, los Estados Unidos, Indonesia, Malasia y Tailandia – se aplicaron o programaron objetivos de consumo obligatorio más elevados para el biodiesel, debido en parte a la reducción de la diferencia de precios entre los aceites vegetales y minerales, que hizo que el biodiesel fuera más competitivo. Además de contribuir a los objetivos medioambientales, los objetivos nacionales más ambiciosos también tenían por objeto impulsar el uso de los aceites vegetales producidos localmente, reduciendo así la presión de la oferta interna y estabilizando los precios. Un ejemplo de ello es Indonesia, donde se amplió el alcance de las subvenciones al biodiesel y se extendió el uso obligatorio del biodiesel a otros sectores con miras a fomentar la absorción nacional de aceite de palma. La Argentina, donde la producción de biodiesel sigue estando orientada principalmente a la exportación, aumentó su impuesto a las exportaciones de combustible con la intención de disipar las preocupaciones de
Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2018 xv
los socios comerciales sobre la supuesta subvención de la industria del biodiesel nacional. En los Estados Unidos, los legisladores prorrogaron retroactivamente el crédito fiscal al biodiesel hasta diciembre de 2017, pero no deliberaron sobre su renovación para 2018. La India adoptó ambiciosos objetivos de consumo a largo plazo de biodiesel, centrándose en las materias primas de producción nacional, en particular el aceite de cocina usado. La UE publicó una nueva directiva sobre bioenergía que redefine los objetivos de consumo de biocombustibles a partir de 2020. El nuevo paquete combina límites máximos para los biocombustibles basados en cultivos (incluido el biodiesel basado en aceites vegetales) con objetivos ambiciosos para los biocombustibles no alimentarios basados en la biomasa. Además, establece que los combustibles que se consideren que provocan fuertes cambios en el uso de la tierra tendrán que ser eliminados por completo. Noruega también tomó medidas para excluir a los biocombustibles cuya producción entraña un alto riesgo de deforestación del mercado nacional de biocombustibles. Los Gobiernos de Indonesia y Malasia cuestionaron estas iniciativas.
Medidas de política comercial: En 2018, varias controversias comerciales bilaterales afectaron al comercio mundial de cultivos oleaginosos y productos derivados. Más importante aún, el surgimiento de diferencias entre los Estados Unidos y China sobre sus respectivas políticas comerciales dio lugar a la aplicación de nuevas medidas comerciales destinadas a equilibrar la balanza comercial entre los dos países. Entre los nuevos instrumentos figuraban los derechos de importación de retorsión de China sobre la soja estadounidense, que, dada la magnitud de las compras chinas, afectaban no sólo a las transacciones entre las dos naciones, sino también a las corrientes del comercio mundial, con repercusiones en los mercados internos de varios países. Además, en 2018 persistieron las disputas de larga data sobre el comercio de biodiesel basado en aceite vegetal: i) las exportaciones de la Argentina e Indonesia se enfrentaban a derechos compensatorios adicionales en los Estados Unidos, y ii) Filipinas iniciaba investigaciones antidumping sobre las importaciones de aceite de palma procedentes de Indonesia y Malasia.
En cuanto al acceso a las importaciones, China, para mitigar el impacto de sus nuevos aranceles sobre la soja estadounidense, facilitó el acceso al mercado de aceites y harinas de otros orígenes, mientras que Turquía redujo (al menos temporalmente) sus derechos de importación sobre el aceite vegetal debido a la preocupación por la escasez de suministros internos. Por el contrario, varios países mantuvieron o, como en el caso de la India, aumentaron sus aranceles de importación sobre los cultivos oleaginosos y los productos derivados para proteger a los agricultores locales, fomentar la producción nacional de cultivos oleaginosos y apoyar a los elaboradores y refinadores nacionales.
Por lo que respecta a las exportaciones, la caída de los precios mundiales del aceite de palma llevó a Indonesia y Malasia a suspender sus derechos de exportación del aceite de palma en un intento por estimular la demanda internacional y reducir las existencias nacionales. Por el contrario, la Argentina aumentó sus impuestos a la exportación de semillas oleaginosas, aceites y harinas (revertiendo así políticas anteriores) como parte de políticas más amplias de ajuste fiscal. En el proceso, la industria de trituración de semillas oleaginosas del país perdió la protección de la que disfrutaba en el pasado mediante las diferencias impositivas. Además, Ucrania decidió eliminar gradualmente los reembolsos de impuestos que tradicionalmente concedía a los exportadores de cultivos oleaginosos, mientras que China dejó de ofrecer desgravaciones fiscales a la exportación de harina de soja con la finalidad de ayudar a satisfacer la demanda interna de harinas proteicas.
Además, en 2018 se estaban negociando o estaban por entrar en vigor varios acuerdos comerciales integrales, en los que a menudo participaban importantes países exportadores e importadores de semillas oleaginosas, en particular en lo que respecta al aceite de palma. En cuanto a las iniciativas comerciales bilaterales específicas para los cultivos oleaginosos, en 2018 hubo menos iniciativas que en años anteriores.
Regulación del mercado: Aunque menos relevantes que en años anteriores, varios países siguieron utilizando diversos instrumentos para regular los mercados nacionales. En China, el Gobierno apoyó los esfuerzos de la industria para reducir el contenido de proteínas prescrito en los piensos compuestos, una medida encaminada a reducir la dependencia del sector de los piensos de la harina de soja importada. Mientras tanto, el Senegal y Sri Lanka pusieron en marcha medidas de control del mercado destinadas a estabilizar los precios al por menor de los productos de aceite de maní y de coco, respectivamente.
Normas alimentarias: La presencia de grasas trans nocivas (que se generan cuando se hidrogenan los aceites vegetales para aumentar su estabilidad) en los productos alimenticios siguió atrayendo la atención de los responsables de la formulación de políticas de todo el mundo. Mientras que los niveles máximos permitidos de grasas trans se redujeron en la UE y la Unión Económica Euroasiática, los legisladores de los Estados Unidos y Tailandia adoptaron una legislación que prohibía la producción y venta de alimentos que contuvieran grasas o aceites parcialmente hidrogenados. A nivel intergubernamental, la OMS publicó un plan de acción para ayudar a los países miembros a eliminar las grasas trans de sus cadenas alimentarias. Además, en varios países se estaban estudiando medidas encaminadas a reducir el consumo de grasas saturadas por parte de la población, mientras que en China se estaban adoptando medidas para controlar la contaminación por aflatoxinas. El año 2018 también fue testigo de nuevos esfuerzos para combatir la adulteración de los aceites comestibles, en particular en la India.
Políticas en materia de OMG: Si bien en la Argentina, Australia y el Brasil se aprobaron oficialmente algunas nuevas variedades de cultivos oleaginosos modificados genéticamente, las empresas productoras de semillas interesadas optaron por aplazar su comercialización, a la espera de los resultados de los exámenes regulatorios en los principales mercados de importación. Mientras tanto, en el Brasil, la revocación de los derechos de patente de semillas de una popular variedad de soja transgénica dio lugar a disputas sobre pagos de regalías ya cobrados. Los Estados Unidos reglamentaron sobre
xvi Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2018
la divulgación de material transgénico en las etiquetas de los productos alimenticios, que será obligatoria en 2022. Los ingredientes altamente elaborados procedentes de cultivos modificados genéticamente, incluido el aceite vegetal refinado, quedaron exentos del nuevo requisito de etiquetado. La UE determinó que los cultivos obtenidos mediante técnicas de edición del genoma entran en el ámbito de aplicación de sus reglamentos en materia de OMG, mientras que los Estados Unidos y China optaron por no reglamentar el nuevo método de fitomejoramiento.
Sostenibilidad de la producción: Los debates sobre la necesidad de avanzar hacia métodos de producción más sostenibles se intensificaron aún más en 2018, y, además del aceite de palma, se refirieron también a la soja. A raíz de un intenso análisis público, los legisladores de Indonesia, Malasia y otros países productores de aceite de palma redoblaron sus esfuerzos para promover prácticas de producción más sostenibles. Indonesia aprobó una anhelada moratoria nacional sobre las nuevas concesiones de plantaciones de palma aceitera. Además, se crearon nuevos instrumentos para seguir de cerca la situación de los bosques del país y se liberaron fondos para la protección y restauración de las turberas. Además, Indonesia y Malasia aplicaron medidas para acelerar la adopción de sistemas nacionales de certificación obligatorios para el aceite de palma. En el Ecuador también se están examinando políticas para alentar la adopción de prácticas de producción sostenible. En cuanto a la soja, en la región de Cerrado en Brasil, se iniciaron investigaciones oficiales sobre la expansión del cultivo de soja que implicaba la conversión de tierras protegidas. Además, en Francia, un plan de acción sobre el control del cambio climático recientemente publicado incluía disposiciones para poner fin a la importación de productos agrícolas que contribuyen a la deforestación, entre los que figuraban la soja y el aceite de palma.
Sector del transporte: En el Brasil, el Gobierno introdujo tarifas mínimas de flete, una medida que elevó considerablemente los costos del transporte terrestre de granos. Como aspecto positivo, las estadísticas oficiales indican una creciente importancia de los corredores de exportación del norte del país para los comerciantes en las zonas agrícolas del centro-oeste, lo que contribuyó a descongestionar las rutas tradicionales hacia el sur. En otros lugares, el Canadá actualizó su legislación nacional en materia de transporte, con miras a garantizar que los agricultores puedan contar con servicios ferroviarios fiables en el momento oportuno.
MEDIDAS E INICIATIVAS DEL SECTOR INDUSTRIALProducción sostenible: En 2018, los estándares de la industria para la producción sostenible de aceite de palma siguieron evolucionando como consecuencia del intenso debate y análisis público, como lo demuestran varias iniciativas privadas recientes que promueven la adopción de prácticas más responsables a lo largo de la cadena de valor. Mientras que varias grandes empresas de aceite de palma ponen en marcha proyectos para capacitar a los pequeños productores en prácticas de producción sostenible y apoyar su inclusión en los sistemas formales de certificación, numerosas empresas agroindustriales y fabricantes de alimentos de todo el mundo han renovado sus compromisos en favor de un aprovisionamiento "responsable". En algunos casos, los compromisos para intensificar el seguimiento de los proveedores incluían compromisos de revelar públicamente la identidad de los proveedores. Además, varias empresas se aventuraron en herramientas cartográficas por satélite diseñadas para rastrear sistemáticamente la procedencia de los suministros, lo que permitió a los compradores verificar si los proveedores individuales cumplían sus requisitos. Con relación a lo anterior, en 2018, el número de casos en los que los compradores suspendieron su relación con los proveedores que no cumplían con sus políticas de sostenibilidad aumentó en comparación con años anteriores.
A finales de 2018, la Mesa redonda sobre el aceite de palma sostenible (por su acrónimo inglés RSPO), organismo de normalización y certificación del aceite de palma, reconocido mundialmente y dirigido por la industria, adoptó un conjunto de normas revisadas y más estrictas, entre las que se incluyó la prohibición del desbroce de bosques secundarios y de determinadas zonas de turberas. Además, a medida de que la RSPO tomaba acciones para fortalecer la credibilidad de su sistema de certificación, verificación y presentación de reclamaciones, nuevos casos de presunto incumplimiento provocaron el retiro voluntario de algunos miembros y la adopción de medidas contra otros miembros por parte de la RSPO. El organismo de certificación también decidió garantizar el anonimato de las personas que presenten denuncias contra sus miembros.
A pesar de estos esfuerzos, la medida en que la certificación contribuyó realmente a fomentar las prácticas de producción sostenible siguió siendo objeto de debate. Varios observadores, así como funcionarios de la industria, señalaron que la prevalencia de estructuras corporativas opacas que permiten a las empresas ocultar sus vínculos con formas de producción insostenibles sigue socavando los principales propósitos de la certificación.
Mientras tanto, se estimó que, al igual que en años anteriores, apenas una quinta parte de la producción mundial de aceite de palma estaba certificada como sostenible. Más aún, el crecimiento de la demanda mundial de aceite certificado siguió siendo modesto, lo que indica que los niveles de sensibilización de los consumidores siguen siendo bajos, especialmente en los países en desarrollo. Según los datos de la RSPO, los suministros mundiales de aceite de palma certificado continuaron superando las ventas reales y la mitad, aproximadamente, de todos los productos certificados no encontraron un comprador. Para abordar estos problemas, las partes interesadas a lo largo de la cadena de valor del aceite de palma forjaron nuevas alianzas para promover el consumo de aceite de palma certificado en dos de los principales países consumidores, la India y China (el primer y el tercer importador de aceite de palma del mundo respectivamente). En ambos países, en 2018 se crearon plataformas nacionales para sensibilizar a las empresas y los consumidores sobre el aceite certificado.
Sector oleaginosas: Cambios de políticas y de medidas del sector industrial - Compendio anual 2018 xvii
Los debates sobre la sostenibilidad también recibieron mayor atención en otros sectores, especialmente con respecto al comercio internacional de soja. En este sentido, el Brasil, el principal proveedor de soja del mundo, fue testigo del lanzamiento de una alianza formada por los distintos actores para ayudar a poner fin a la expansión de la soja basada en la conversión de la vegetación nativa en el Cerrado, la región donde se cultiva aproximadamente la mitad de la soja del país. Las empresas participantes se comprometieron a disociar sus cadenas de valor de la soja de las zonas recientemente forestadas y examinaron medios para recompensar a los agricultores que se abstuvieran de desbrozar zonas que, de otro modo, podrían ser legalmente deforestadas. Además, en el marco de un programa de préstamos "responsables" establecido por un consorcio privado, a los agricultores que se comprometen con formas sostenibles de expansión de la producción se les da acceso a condiciones de préstamos preferenciales.
Comercio internacional: En medio de la evolución de las relaciones comerciales entre Estados Unidos y China, las empresas comerciales de cereales controladas por el estado chino continuaron expandiendo su presencia en el mercado y la infraestructura de transporte de otros países, especialmente en el Brasil, contribuyendo así a limitar la dependencia de la nación de los comerciantes extranjeros. Mientras tanto, los exportadores de aceite de palma de Malasia unieron sus fuerzas para fomentar sus ventas a mercados distintos de la UE, movidos por la preocupación de la probable introducción de barreras a la importación específicas para el aceite de palma en toda la UE. En el Brasil, las asociaciones de agricultores de la zona agrícola del centro-oeste del país se unieron a las iniciativas públicas y privadas en curso para ampliar las rutas de exportación del norte del país. Señalaron su voluntad de cofinanciar la construcción de un ferrocarril hacia los puertos del norte y establecieron vínculos con la Autoridad del Canal de Panamá para promover el envío de cereales desde el norte de Brasil hacia destinos en el Océano Pacífico a través del canal.
Prácticas de comercialización: En la UE, se registraron dos nuevos casos de minoristas de alimentos que optaron por eliminar el aceite de palma de sus productos alimenticios de marca propia. Además, un esquema de certificación global y voluntario de "libre de aceite de palma" (Programa Internacional de Acreditación de Certificación de Libre de Aceite de Palma) obtuvo la aprobación regulatoria en una serie de países. Con respecto a los mercados de semillas, se ha resuelto una disputa de larga data entre los agricultores argentinos y los proveedores de semillas sobre los pagos de regalías. En cuanto a los mercados de futuros, varias bolsas de productos básicos introdujeron mejoras en sus contratos de cultivos oleaginosos y sus subproductos. Además, los comerciantes mundiales de productos básicos informaron de las primeras transacciones exitosas basadas en cadenas de bloques.
Investigación y desarrollo: Al igual que en años anteriores, en 2018 las actividades de investigación dirigidas por la industria y el mundo académico dieron lugar al desarrollo de i) nuevas variedades de semillas oleaginosas que ofrecían un mayor rendimiento o tolerancia a las enfermedades, y ii) aceites y harinas con una funcionalidad mejorada y/o perfiles nutricionales y de salud beneficiosos. Las empresas productoras de semillas de todo el mundo mostraron un mayor interés en las técnicas de edición del genoma (en contraposición a los métodos tradicionales de modificación genética), guiados por consideraciones de costo y los mayores niveles previstos de aceptación por parte de los consumidores. Además de las nuevas variedades de semillas oleaginosas, las actividades de investigación se centraron también en el desarrollo de nuevos productos basados en el aceite y la harina, que abarcan nuevos usos para la alimentación humana y animal, así como aplicaciones industriales. Entre los nuevos productos se incluyen proteínas de calidad alimentaria procedentes de harina de girasol, lecitina de colza desaceitada, así como plásticos, poliésteres, medicamentos y otros materiales industriales desarrollados parcialmente a partir de residuos. También se siguió prestando atención a los métodos para detectar la adulteración en los aceites comestibles, en particular en el aceite de oliva.
Medidas relativas a los biocombustibles: Con respecto a los biocombustibles, los esfuerzos de la industria se centraron cada vez más en el uso de productos de desecho, en particular el aceite de cocina usado, como materia prima para la producción de biodiesel, un desarrollo facilitado por los avances tecnológicos en la elaboración de materias primas de baja calidad.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 1
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2 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
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omes
tic p
rodu
ctio
n, s
tora
ge
and
trade
logi
stic
s. T
he p
orta
l als
o pr
ovid
es u
p-to
-dat
e in
form
atio
n on
bot
tlene
cks
alon
g co
mm
odity
va
lue
chai
ns, o
ptim
um tr
ansp
ort r
oute
s an
d ne
w in
vest
men
t opp
ortu
nitie
s.
2AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Braz
ilJu
neAl
l cro
ps,
lives
tock
The
Braz
ilian
Gov
ernm
ent p
rese
nted
its
agric
ultu
ral s
uppo
rt pr
ogra
mm
es fo
r 201
8/19
. The
pac
kage
en
visa
ges
an in
crea
se in
out
lays
for
the
fol
low
ing
sche
mes
: i)
farm
loan
s (in
clud
ing
a do
wnw
ard
corre
ctio
n in
con
cess
iona
l inte
rest
rate
s an
d gr
eate
r atte
ntio
n to
: inv
estm
ents
in o
n-fa
rm g
rain
sto
rage
, lo
w c
arbo
n ag
ricul
ture
and
the
lives
tock
/aqu
acul
ture
sec
tor);
ii) m
arke
ting
supp
ort p
rogr
amm
es; a
nd
iii) c
rop
insu
ranc
e sy
stem
s. T
he s
oybe
an m
inim
um re
fere
nce
pric
e to
be
used
und
er th
e G
over
nmen
t’s
inco
me
prot
ectio
n pr
ogra
mm
es h
as b
een
rais
ed b
y 2.
4 pe
rcen
t to
BRL
36.8
4 pe
r 60
kg (U
SD 1
57 p
er
tonn
e), w
hich
com
pare
s to
an
aver
age
incr
ease
acr
oss
entit
led
com
mod
ities
of 6
.5 p
erce
nt.
3AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Chi
naAp
rilSo
ybea
nsG
over
nmen
t so
urce
s co
nfirm
ed t
hat
agric
ultu
ral
supp
ort
prog
ram
mes
pro
vidi
ng f
arm
ers
in t
he
coun
try’s
north
-eas
tern
soy
bean
gro
win
g pr
ovin
ces
(Jilin
, Hei
long
jiang
, Lia
onin
g an
d In
ner M
ongo
lia)
with
hig
her s
ubsi
dies
for p
lant
ing
soyb
ean
than
for g
row
ing
mai
ze w
ill re
mai
n in
pla
ce d
urin
g 20
18/1
9 (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e/Ju
ly/O
ct./D
ec.’1
7 &
Mar
.’18)
. The
sup
port
prog
ram
me,
whi
ch w
ill co
ver a
bout
2
milli
on h
ecta
res
in to
tal,
is a
imed
at e
ncou
ragi
ng c
rop
rota
tion
(with
acr
eage
shi
fting
from
mai
ze to
ot
her c
rops
, esp
ecia
lly s
oybe
ans)
and
land
fallo
w –
am
id e
fforts
to re
duce
the
coun
try’s
burd
enso
me
mai
ze s
tock
pile
. Acc
ordi
ng to
obs
erve
rs, h
owev
er, b
ased
on
prev
ailin
g do
mes
tic p
rices
, pro
fits
from
gr
owin
g m
aize
cou
ld s
till b
e si
gnifi
cant
ly h
ighe
r tha
n th
ose
from
soy
bean
– e
ven
allo
win
g fo
r inc
reas
ed
soyb
ean
subs
idie
s.
4AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Chi
naM
aySo
ybea
nsPr
ivat
e sou
rces
repo
rted
that
gov
ernm
ent e
fforts
to st
imul
ate s
oybe
an cu
ltiva
tion i
n Chi
na’s
north
east
ern
prov
ince
s ha
ve b
een
step
ped
up th
is y
ear.
Repo
rtedl
y, in
Hei
long
jiang
and
Jilin
, thi
s ye
ar’s
area
-bas
ed
paym
ents
will
amou
nt to
CN
Y 35
0 pe
r mu
(USD
763
per
ha)
. The
pay
men
t com
pris
es: i
) a s
oybe
an
prod
ucer
sub
sidy
of C
NY
200,
whi
ch e
xcee
ds p
aym
ents
pro
vide
d in
201
7 an
d 20
16 b
y, re
spec
tivel
y, 15
and
70
perc
ent a
nd is
twic
e th
e am
ount
pro
vide
d to
mai
ze p
rodu
cers
; and
ii) a
CN
Y 15
0 pr
emiu
m
for f
arm
ers
that
pla
nt s
oybe
ans
inst
ead
of m
aize
(see
also
MPP
U O
ct./D
ec.’1
7 &
May
’18)
. Bas
ed o
n m
arke
t pric
es o
bser
ved
in e
arly
May
and
dep
endi
ng o
n yi
eld
leve
ls, t
he C
NY
350
per m
u su
bsid
y is
es
timat
ed to
add
50–
75 p
erce
nt to
the
gros
s in
com
e pe
r mu
from
gro
win
g so
ybea
ns. T
he p
rovi
ncia
l so
ybea
n-pl
antin
g ca
mpa
igns
repr
esen
t a c
ontin
uatio
n of
Chi
na’s
5-ye
ar s
truct
ural
adj
ustm
ent p
olic
y to
shi
ft la
nd fr
om m
aize
to a
ltern
ativ
e cr
ops.
On
the
othe
r han
d, th
is y
ear’s
hig
her p
aym
ents
hav
e al
so
been
link
ed to
: i) a
dro
p in
the
dom
estic
soy
/mai
ze p
rice
ratio
, whi
ch ri
sked
ero
ding
the
profi
tabi
lity
of
soyb
eans
for C
hine
se fa
rmer
s; a
nd ii
) inc
reas
ed p
olic
y eff
orts
to re
duce
Chi
na’s
relia
nce
on s
oybe
an
impo
rts –
als
o in
ligh
t of t
he o
n-go
ing
Sino
-US
trade
dis
pute
. Whi
le o
ffici
al s
ourc
es h
ave
repo
rted
a fu
rther
exp
ansi
on in
the
coun
try’s
soyb
ean
acre
age
this
sea
son,
som
e pr
ivat
e so
urce
s qu
estio
ned
the
Gov
ernm
ent’s
est
imat
es.
Tabl
e 2.
G
over
nmen
t pol
icie
s im
plem
ente
d in
201
8
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 3
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*5
AGRI
CU
LTU
RAL
SUPP
ORT
PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
tion
supp
ort (
incl
. pr
ocur
emen
t sch
emes
)
Chi
naSe
ptem
ber
Soyb
eans
Chi
na’s
Stat
e C
ounc
il en
visa
ges
a fu
rther
exp
ansi
on in
dom
estic
soy
bean
pla
ntin
gs o
ver t
he n
ext fi
ve
year
s, h
and-
in-h
and
with
a re
duct
ion
in m
aize
sow
ings
, a s
tate
-ow
ned
new
s ag
ency
repo
rted.
6AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Chi
naN
ovem
ber
Soyb
eans
Trad
e m
itiga
tion:
In
a b
id to
boo
st s
oybe
an o
utpu
t, th
e G
over
nmen
t of H
eilo
ngjia
ng, t
he c
ount
ry’s
top
soyb
ean
grow
ing
prov
ince
, has
incr
ease
d ar
ea-b
ased
pay
men
ts g
rant
ed to
soy
bean
gro
wer
s in
20
18 t
o C
NY
320
per
mu
(USD
696
per
ha)
, whi
ch c
ompa
res
to C
NY
173
per
mu
(USD
376
per
ha
) pai
d la
st y
ear.
At th
e sa
me
time,
the
north
east
ern
prov
ince
sha
rply
redu
ced
its 2
018
subs
idie
s fo
r m
aize
gro
wer
s. F
urth
erm
ore,
Chi
na’s
cent
ral G
over
nmen
t an
noun
ced
a re
duct
ion
in t
he p
rice
supp
ort f
or w
heat
gro
wer
s. T
hese
mov
es a
re p
art o
f a s
et o
f mea
sure
s m
eant
to m
itiga
te th
e im
pact
of
Chi
na’s
reta
liato
ry ta
x on
U.S
. soy
bean
s on
dom
estic
mar
kets
, whi
le re
duci
ng th
e co
untry
’s re
lianc
e on
impo
rted
soyb
eans
for f
eed.
7AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Indi
aFe
brua
ryC
opra
The
Cen
tral G
over
nmen
t ra
ised
the
min
imum
sup
port
pric
es (
MSP
) fo
r m
illing
and
bal
l cop
ra t
o,
resp
ectiv
ely,
INR
75 0
00 (U
SD 1
153
) and
INR
s 77
500
(USD
1 1
91) p
er to
nne
– up
15
perc
ent f
rom
last
ye
ar’s
rate
s. T
he n
ew M
SP a
re m
eant
to e
nsur
e re
mun
erat
ive
pric
es fo
r coc
onut
farm
ers a
nd e
ncou
rage
in
vest
men
t in
coco
nut c
ultiv
atio
n. In
dia’
s na
tiona
l far
mer
and
con
sum
er c
oope
rativ
es w
ould
con
tinue
to
act
as
cent
ral n
odal
age
ncie
s re
spon
sibl
e fo
r pro
cure
men
t ope
ratio
ns in
coc
onut
gro
win
g st
ates
.
8AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Indi
aFe
brua
ryO
ilsee
dsIn
res
pons
e to
pric
e fa
lls b
elow
the
MSP
lev
el,
Indi
a’s
cabi
net
has
appr
oved
a d
oubl
ing
in t
he
proc
urem
ent
of o
ilsee
ds (
and
puls
es)
by s
tate
gov
ernm
ents
. M
ore
spec
ifica
lly,
the
amou
nt s
tate
ag
enci
es a
re a
llow
ed t
o gu
aran
tee
for
proc
urem
ent
oper
atio
ns h
as b
een
rais
ed t
o IN
R 19
0 bi
llion
(USD
2.9
billi
on),
for
a fiv
e-ye
ar p
erio
d en
ding
in 2
021/
22. P
rocu
rem
ent o
pera
tions
will
cont
inue
to
be h
andl
ed b
y de
sign
ated
coo
pera
tives
und
er t
he e
xist
ing
Pric
e Su
ppor
t Sc
hem
e (P
SS),
whi
ch is
im
plem
ente
d at
the
requ
est o
f con
cern
ed s
tate
gov
ernm
ents
. The
mov
e is
aim
ed a
t pro
tect
ing
farm
ers
from
mak
ing
dist
ress
sal
es im
med
iate
ly a
fter h
arve
st, w
hen
mar
ket p
rices
tend
to p
lung
e. A
part
from
pr
ovid
ing
rem
uner
ativ
e pr
ices
to
farm
ers,
Indi
a’s
PSS
is a
lso
mea
nt t
o sa
fegu
ard
the
inte
rest
s of
co
nsum
ers,
by
mak
ing
prod
ucts
ava
ilabl
e at
reas
onab
le p
rices
and
with
low
cos
ts o
f int
erm
edia
tion.
9AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Indi
aM
arch
Oilc
rops
Acco
rdin
g to
loca
l pre
ss re
ports
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Ind
ia is
con
side
ring
to re
form
the
coun
try’s
publ
ic
proc
urem
ent s
chem
e fo
r agr
icul
tura
l cro
ps. N
ew p
rocu
rem
ent m
echa
nism
s un
der c
onsi
dera
tion
wou
ld
focu
s on
all
23 c
rops
for w
hich
min
imum
sup
port
pric
es (M
SP) a
re s
et b
y th
e G
over
nmen
t, in
clud
ing
oils
eeds
– un
like
the
curre
nt p
ract
ice
whe
re p
ublic
pro
cure
men
t con
cent
rate
s hea
vily
on
whe
at a
nd ri
ce.
Und
er In
dia’
s Pric
e Sup
port
Sche
me (
PSS)
also
oilc
rops
, pul
ses a
nd co
tton
are s
uppo
sed
to b
enefi
t fro
m
publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent,
but i
n pr
actic
e pu
blic
pur
chas
es o
f the
se c
omm
oditi
es h
ave
been
inte
rmitt
ent a
nd
henc
e in
suffi
cien
t to
prev
ent f
arm
ers
from
mak
ing
dist
ress
sal
es a
t har
vest
tim
e (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jul
y/De
c.’1
7 &
Mar
.’18)
. Rec
ogni
zing
that
the
enfo
rcem
ent o
f MSP
s re
quire
s co
ordi
nate
d eff
orts
and
cos
t sh
arin
g ar
rang
emen
ts b
etw
een
indi
vidu
al s
tate
s an
d th
e C
entre
, the
Cen
tral G
over
nmen
t ple
dged
to
refo
rm th
e co
untry
’s PS
S. R
epor
tedl
y, in
the
futu
re, l
ocal
gov
ernm
ents
will
be a
ble
to c
hoos
e be
twee
n th
ree
mec
hani
sms:
i) a
Mar
ket A
ssur
ance
Sch
eme
invo
lvin
g de
cent
raliz
ed, d
iscr
etio
nal p
rocu
rem
ent/
disp
osal
ope
ratio
ns h
andl
ed b
y st
ate
agen
cies
, com
pris
ing
dire
ct p
aym
ents
to
farm
ers;
ii) a
Pric
e De
ficie
ncy
Paym
ent S
chem
e (P
DPS)
, und
er w
hich
farm
ers
are
prov
ided
with
the
diffe
renc
e be
twee
n m
arke
t pr
ices
and
MSP
s, w
hene
ver
mar
ket
rate
s fa
ll be
low
the
ben
chm
arks
; and
iii)
usin
g pr
ivat
e ag
enci
es to
car
ry o
ut ro
utin
e ac
quis
ition
s at
MSP
leve
ls. P
olic
y m
aker
s ar
e st
ill di
scus
sing
how
to
shar
e th
e fin
anci
al b
urde
n of
the
prop
osed
sch
emes
bet
wee
n th
e C
entre
and
indi
vidu
al s
tate
s an
d ho
w to
add
ress
rem
aini
ng in
stitu
tiona
l and
tech
nica
l cha
lleng
es in
here
nt to
eac
h sy
stem
. Cur
rent
ly, a
PD
PS c
over
ing
sele
cted
oilc
rops
is u
nder
impl
emen
tatio
n on
a tr
ial b
asis
in M
adhy
a Pr
ades
h, w
hile
ot
her s
tate
s, m
ost r
ecen
tly O
dish
a, e
ngag
ed in
tem
pora
ry p
rocu
rem
ent o
pera
tions
(see
MPP
U F
eb./
Sep.
/Oct
.’17)
.
4 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*10
AGRI
CU
LTU
RAL
SUPP
ORT
PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
tion
supp
ort (
incl
. pr
ocur
emen
t sch
emes
)
Indi
aJu
neO
ilcro
psAc
cord
ing
to th
e lo
cal p
ress
, in th
e 20
17/1
8 se
ason
, the
Cen
tral G
over
nmen
t pro
cure
d a
reco
rd a
mou
nt
of p
ulse
s an
d oi
lsee
ds fr
om fa
rmer
s at
min
imum
sup
port
pric
es. F
ollo
win
g bu
mpe
r 201
7/18
har
vest
s,
pric
es o
f mos
t cro
ps fe
ll be
low
the
gove
rnm
ent-a
nnou
nced
sup
port
pric
es. R
epor
tedl
y, un
til 2
2 Ju
ne
2018
, tot
al p
rocu
rem
ent o
f oils
eeds
at s
uppo
rt pr
ices
am
ount
ed to
1.9
7 m
illion
tonn
es o
r 6.4
per
cent
of
tota
l pro
duct
ion.
11AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Indi
aJu
neSu
nflow
erse
edTo
shi
eld
grow
ers
from
sha
rp p
rice
drop
s, i
n H
arya
na S
tate
, pr
ocur
emen
t of
sun
flow
erse
ed a
t go
vern
men
t-set
min
imum
pric
es s
tarte
d on
11
June
, i.e
. ahe
ad o
f the
orig
inal
ly s
ched
uled
dat
e.
12AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Indi
aJu
lyG
rain
s, o
ilcro
psTh
e In
dian
Gov
ernm
ent s
igni
fican
tly ra
ised
the
min
imum
sup
port
pric
es fo
r the
maj
or 2
018/
19 K
harif
cr
ops.
The
ann
ounc
emen
t cam
e at
a ti
me
whe
n pl
antin
gs w
ere
alre
ady
in fu
ll sw
ing.
For
oilc
rops
, the
ne
w p
er-to
nne
supp
ort p
rices
(inc
ludi
ng c
rop-
spec
ific
bonu
ses)
and
the
corre
spon
ding
yea
r-on-
year
in
crea
ses
(in p
erce
nt) a
re a
s fo
llow
s: s
oybe
ans
INR
33 9
90 (U
SD 4
85),
12 p
erce
nt; g
roun
dnut
s IN
R 48
90
0 (U
SD 6
98),
10 p
erce
nt; s
unflo
wer
seed
INR
53 8
80 (U
SD 7
69),
31 p
erce
nt; s
esam
esee
d IN
R 62
490
(U
SD 8
92),
18 p
erce
nt; a
nd n
iger
seed
INR
58 7
70 (U
SD 8
39),
45 p
erce
nt. A
ccor
ding
to p
rivat
e so
urce
s,
actu
al m
arke
t pric
es s
tood
wel
l bel
ow th
e ne
w s
uppo
rt pr
ices
for g
roun
dnut
s an
d su
nflow
erse
ed, b
ut
wel
l abo
ve fo
r so
ybea
ns a
nd s
esam
esee
d. T
he s
uppo
rt pr
ices
for
cere
als,
cot
ton
and
puls
es a
lso
saw
impo
rtant
incr
ease
s, p
ossi
bly
inte
nsify
ing
com
petit
ion
for a
crea
ge. A
lthou
gh s
uppo
rt pr
ices
are
an
noun
ced
for a
larg
e nu
mbe
r of c
rops
, pub
lic p
rocu
rem
ent o
pera
tions
are
mos
tly li
mite
d to
rice
and
w
heat
(see
also
MPP
U M
ay’1
8).
13AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Indi
aSe
ptem
ber
Oilc
rops
, oth
er
sele
cted
cro
psIn
line
with
ear
lier a
nnou
ncem
ents
(see
MPP
U M
ay’1
8), I
ndia
’s C
entra
l Gov
ernm
ent h
as re
form
ed it
s pr
ocur
emen
t pol
icy
with
a fo
cus
on c
rops
whe
re d
omes
tic d
eman
d ex
ceed
s lo
cal s
uppl
ies,
not
ably
oi
lsee
ds,
copr
a an
d pu
lses
. To
cov
er g
aps
in t
he e
xist
ing
publ
ic p
rocu
rem
ent
and
com
pens
atio
n m
echa
nism
s an
d he
lp ra
ise
farm
ers’
inco
mes
, thr
ee ty
pes
of p
rocu
rem
ent w
ill be
impl
emen
ted.
Firs
t, th
e C
entre
’s Pr
ice
Supp
ort S
chem
e (P
SS) w
ill be
ext
ende
d to
oils
eeds
, cop
ra a
nd p
ulse
s, w
ith n
odal
pr
ocur
emen
t age
ncie
s un
derta
king
phy
sica
l pro
cure
men
t and
farm
ers
rece
ivin
g th
e offi
cial
min
imum
su
ppor
t pric
es (M
SP) f
or th
eir c
rops
(see
MPP
U A
ug.’1
8 fo
r the
late
st K
harif
crop
MSP
rate
s). Im
porta
ntly,
PS
S pu
rcha
ses
will
only
be
effec
ted
up to
25
perc
ent o
f a s
tate
’s oi
lsee
ds p
rodu
ctio
n. S
econ
d, th
e C
entre
will
impl
emen
t a P
rice
Defic
ienc
y Pa
ymen
t Sch
eme
(PDP
S) e
arm
arke
d sp
ecifi
cally
for o
ilsee
ds.
Und
er th
e sc
hem
e, fa
rmer
s w
ill be
pai
d th
e di
ffere
nce
betw
een
the
rele
vant
MSP
and
act
ual s
ellin
g pr
ices
(rec
orde
d w
ithin
not
ified
per
iods
in s
peci
fied
mar
kets
), w
ith p
aym
ents
bei
ng m
ade
dire
ctly
into
fa
rmer
s’ b
ank
acco
unts
. Thi
rd, a
gain
oils
eed-
spec
ific
but t
his
time
at s
tate
-leve
l and
on
a pi
lot b
asis
on
ly, a
Priv
ate
Proc
urem
ent a
nd S
tock
ist S
chem
e (P
PSS)
will
be ro
lled
out i
n se
lect
dis
trict
s. U
nder
th
is s
chem
e, w
hen
mar
ket p
rices
dro
p be
low
MSP
leve
l, a
priv
ate
play
er c
an p
rocu
re c
rops
(in
notifi
ed
mar
kets
and
per
iods
) at
the
exis
ting
MSP
rat
es.
Subs
eque
ntly,
suc
h bu
yers
will
be c
ompe
nsat
ed
thro
ugh
a se
rvic
e ch
arge
equ
ival
ent t
o up
to 1
5 pe
rcen
t of t
he M
SP. R
egar
ding
PPS
S, m
arke
t exp
erts
po
inte
d ou
t tha
t pas
t exp
erie
nce
of e
ngag
ing
priv
ate
play
ers
in p
rocu
rem
ent o
pera
tions
for w
heat
and
ric
e ha
s be
en m
ixed
so
far,
with
com
mer
cial
via
bilit
y, de
lays
in s
tate
pay
men
ts a
nd s
tora
ge s
pace
sh
orta
ges
iden
tified
as
mai
n ch
alle
nges
.
14AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Indi
aO
ctob
erO
ilcro
psFo
llow
ing
the
rece
nt la
unch
of a
new
pro
cure
men
t sch
eme
for o
ilsee
ds a
nd p
ulse
s (se
e M
PPU
Oct
.’18)
, th
e In
dian
Gov
ernm
ent
appr
oved
pro
posa
ls f
rom
11
stat
es f
or p
rocu
rem
ent
oper
atio
ns d
urin
g th
e Kh
arif
(sum
mer
cro
ps) m
arke
ting
year
tha
t st
arte
d in
Oct
ober
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
deci
sion
was
tak
en
afte
r sha
rp p
rice
falls
in k
ey g
row
ing
regi
ons.
Acc
ordi
ng to
offi
cial
sou
rces
, ove
r 2.6
milli
on to
nnes
of
oils
eeds
will
be p
rocu
red.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 5
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*15
AGRI
CU
LTU
RAL
SUPP
ORT
PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
tion
supp
ort (
incl
. pr
ocur
emen
t sch
emes
)
Indi
aO
ctob
erRa
pese
ed,
mus
tard
seed
, sa
fflow
erse
ed
In O
ctob
er,
the
Indi
an G
over
nmen
t an
noun
ced
the
new
sta
te-m
anda
ted
min
imum
pric
es f
or R
abi
(win
ter)
crop
s. F
or ra
pe a
nd m
usta
rdse
ed, t
he s
uppo
rt pr
ice
was
rais
ed b
y 5
perc
ent,
from
INR
40
000
per t
onne
to IN
R 42
000
(or U
SD 5
97),
whi
le th
e sa
fflow
erse
ed p
rice
saw
a 2
1 pe
rcen
t inc
reas
e,
from
INR
41 0
00 p
er to
nne
to IN
R 49
450
(or U
SD 7
03).
With
the
new
pric
e le
vels
, far
mer
retu
rns
are
deem
ed to
exc
eed
prod
uctio
n co
sts
by 9
0 pe
rcen
t in
the
case
of r
ape/
mus
tard
seed
and
50
perc
ent f
or
saffl
ower
seed
, whi
ch c
ompa
res
to e
stim
ated
mar
gins
of 1
13 p
erce
nt fo
r whe
at.
16AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Indi
aDe
cem
ber
Oils
eeds
, oth
er
sele
cted
cro
psTh
e Pr
ivat
e Pr
ocur
emen
t and
Sto
ckie
st S
chem
e (P
PSS)
– la
unch
ed re
cent
ly b
y the
Fed
eral
Gov
ernm
ent
to e
nhan
ce th
e pr
ocur
emen
t of o
ilsee
ds a
nd o
ther
sele
cted
cro
ps (s
ee M
PPU
Oct
.’18)
– ha
s not
resu
lted
in c
oncr
ete
actio
ns, a
ccor
ding
to m
edia
repo
rts. M
eant
to e
ngag
e th
e pr
ivat
e se
ctor
in p
rocu
rem
ent
oper
atio
ns,
the
sche
me
was
set
to
be t
este
d vi
a ei
ght
pilo
t pr
ojec
ts in
diff
eren
t st
ates
. H
owev
er,
the
conc
erne
d st
ates
ref
rain
ed f
rom
sub
mitt
ing
pilo
ts,
citin
g la
ck o
f in
tere
st b
y pr
ivat
e op
erat
ors.
Re
porte
dly,
the
rule
that
the
rem
uner
atio
n of
priv
ate
parti
es c
anno
t exc
eed
15 p
erce
nt o
f the
rele
vant
m
inim
um s
uppo
rt pr
ice
(MSP
) – w
hile
mar
ket p
rices
for o
ilsee
ds a
re s
aid
to h
ave
drop
ped
20 p
erce
nt
belo
w s
tate
-man
date
d pr
ices
– h
as m
ade
the
sche
me
com
mer
cial
ly u
nvia
ble.
Und
er th
e PP
SS, p
rivat
e op
erat
ors
are
expe
cted
to b
ear a
ll ha
ndlin
g, s
tora
ge, d
istri
butio
n an
d sa
le c
osts
.
17AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Mal
aysi
aO
ctob
erO
il pa
lmTa
x co
nces
sion
: G
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s in
form
ed th
at, u
nder
the
coun
try’s
new
ly in
trodu
ced
Sale
s an
d Se
rvic
e Ta
x (S
ST) r
egim
e, o
il pal
m g
row
ers
will
not b
e su
bjec
t to
taxa
tion.
As
oppo
sed
to th
e pr
evio
us
taxa
tion
sche
me,
whe
re a
Goo
ds a
nd S
ervi
ce T
ax (G
ST) w
as le
vied
on
both
loca
lly p
rodu
ced
and
impo
rted
fresh
oil
palm
frui
t bra
nche
s (F
FB),
the
SST
will
only
be
colle
cted
on
impo
rted
FFB,
so
as to
pr
otec
t the
inte
rest
s of
the
dom
estic
oil
palm
indu
stry
.
18AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Mex
ico
Mar
chO
ilcro
psM
exic
o’s
fede
ral p
rogr
amm
e to
enc
oura
ge d
omes
tic o
ilsee
d pr
oduc
tion
(kno
wn
unde
r the
nam
e ‘P
ro-
Ole
agin
osas
’) re
mai
ns in
pla
ce in
201
8, w
ith p
rodu
cer p
aym
ents
sta
ying
at M
XN 7
00 (U
SD 3
5) p
er
tonn
e of
pro
duct
del
iver
ed to
dom
estic
pro
cess
ors
(as
oppo
sed
to M
XN 1
500
pro
vide
d tw
o ye
ars
back
). ‘P
roag
ro’,
a sc
hem
e pr
ovid
ing
farm
ers
with
liqu
idity
to in
vest
in p
rodu
ctiv
e ac
tiviti
es h
as a
lso
been
con
firm
ed, w
ith p
er-h
ecta
re a
lloca
tions
for s
mal
l, m
ediu
m-s
ize a
nd la
rge
farm
hol
ding
s ra
ised
by
, res
pect
ivel
y, 14
per
cent
, 33
perc
ent a
nd z
ero
perc
ent.
Whi
le a
gov
ernm
ent s
chem
e to
stim
ulat
e fo
rwar
d sa
les a
lso
rem
ains
in p
lace
, mar
ket p
artic
ipan
ts a
re re
porte
d to
favo
ur b
ette
r-pric
ed a
ltern
ativ
es
offer
ed b
y th
e do
mes
tic a
nd in
tern
atio
nal m
arke
t.
19AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Mex
ico
May
Soyb
eans
, ra
pese
ed,
saffl
ower
seed
&
sele
cted
gra
ins
In M
ay, M
exic
o’s
Agric
ultu
ral M
inis
try in
crea
sed
the
targ
et p
rices
use
d to
det
erm
ine
supp
ort p
aym
ents
un
der i
ts in
com
e ta
rget
pro
gram
me
for g
rain
and
oils
eed
farm
ers
in th
e 20
17/1
8 fa
ll/w
inte
r and
201
8/19
sp
ring/
sum
mer
sea
sons
. Rep
orte
dly,
targ
et p
rices
hav
e be
en ra
ised
to o
ffset
incr
ease
s in
pro
duct
ion
cost
s. O
ilsee
d gr
ower
s ar
e ex
pect
ed to
ben
efit t
he m
ost,
with
targ
et p
rices
for s
oybe
an, r
apes
eed
and
saffl
ower
set
at M
XN 8
400
per
tonn
e (U
SD 4
42),
up 2
7 pe
rcen
t fro
m la
st s
easo
n’s
leve
l. In
add
ition
, to
hel
p pr
oduc
ers
cope
with
dep
ress
ed c
rop
pric
es, f
arm
ers
who
cho
se to
sel
l mai
ze, w
heat
, sor
ghum
an
d so
ybea
ns th
roug
h th
e M
inis
try’s
forw
ard
cont
ract
pro
gram
me
will
be e
ntitl
ed to
sub
sidi
es. U
nder
th
e la
tter p
rogr
amm
e, th
e bu
lk o
f the
fund
s ha
s be
en e
arm
arke
d fo
r gra
in p
rodu
cers
.
20AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Uni
ted
Stat
esN
ovem
ber
All c
rops
, liv
esto
ckLe
gisl
ator
s fro
m th
e Se
nate
and
the
Low
er H
ouse
ann
ounc
ed th
at a
n ag
reem
ent i
n pr
inci
ple
has
been
re
ache
d on
the
2018
Far
m B
ill. T
he b
ill in
clud
es p
rogr
amm
es o
f crit
ical
impo
rtanc
e fo
r US
farm
ers.
The
la
st 5
-yea
r bill
expi
red
on 3
0 Se
ptem
ber 2
018,
and
law
mak
ers
have
unt
il the
end
of t
he c
urre
nt y
ear t
o fin
alize
the
appr
oval
pro
cess
.
6 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*21
AGRI
CU
LTU
RAL
SUPP
ORT
PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
tion
supp
ort (
incl
. pr
ocur
emen
t sch
emes
)
Uni
ted
Stat
esDe
cem
ber
All c
rops
, liv
esto
ckIn
Dec
embe
r, Pr
esid
ent T
rum
p si
gned
into
law
a U
SD 8
67 b
illion
Far
m B
ill co
verin
g th
e fiv
e-ye
ar p
erio
d 20
19–2
023.
The
bill
will
cont
inue
to fu
nd k
ey fa
rm s
afet
y ne
t sch
emes
, whi
le re
new
ing
the
coun
try’s
dom
estic
foo
d ai
d pr
ogra
mm
e w
ithou
t si
gnifi
cant
cha
nges
. Th
e bi
ll re
auth
orize
s th
e ex
istin
g cr
op
insu
ranc
e an
d co
nser
vatio
n pr
ogra
mm
es a
nd w
ill fu
nd a
set
of t
rade
pro
mot
ion
mea
sure
s as
wel
l as
res
earc
h on
bio
ener
gy p
rodu
ctio
n an
d or
gani
c fa
rmin
g. F
arm
ers
will
have
the
opt
ion
to c
hoos
e be
twee
n th
e Ag
ricul
tura
l Ris
k C
over
age
and
Pric
e Lo
ss C
over
age
prog
ram
mes
in f
our
out
of fi
ve
year
s, to
mak
e su
re th
e to
ols
they
are
usi
ng a
re b
ette
r al
igne
d w
ith t
heir
risk
man
agem
ent
need
s.
The
bill
also
intro
duce
s a
num
ber o
f im
prov
emen
ts to
bot
h pr
ogra
mm
e pr
ices
and
yie
lds
to e
nhan
ce
the
effec
tiven
ess
of th
ese
tool
s. F
urth
erm
ore,
the
mar
ketin
g lo
an r
ates
of s
ever
al c
rops
hav
e be
en
incr
ease
d to
sup
port
farm
ers
who
nee
d to
acc
ess
low
-inte
rest
pos
t-har
vest
fina
ncin
g. T
he lo
an ra
te
for s
oybe
ans
has
been
rais
ed b
y 24
per
cent
, whi
le th
at fo
r gro
undn
uts
and
‘min
or o
ilsee
ds’ h
as b
een
left
unch
ange
d. T
he c
urre
nt li
mits
on
indi
vidu
al fa
rm s
ubsi
dies
hav
e be
en m
aint
aine
d.
22AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
ppor
t (in
cl.
proc
urem
ent s
chem
es)
Zim
babw
eM
aySo
ybea
nsIn
a b
id to
stim
ulat
e do
mes
tic s
oybe
an p
rodu
ctio
n, th
e G
over
nmen
t of Z
imba
bwe
has
rais
ed th
e pr
ice
for s
oybe
ans
deliv
ered
to th
e st
ate-
run
Gra
in M
arke
ting
Boar
d fro
m U
SD 6
10 to
USD
780
per
tonn
e.
Mea
nwhi
le, t
he c
ount
ry’s
oil c
rush
ers
are
seek
ing
perm
issi
on fr
om th
e G
over
nmen
t to
buy
soyb
eans
at
the
impo
rt pa
rity
pric
e of
USD
400
per
tonn
e, in
a b
id to
mai
ntai
n co
okin
g oi
l pric
es a
t a le
vel a
fford
able
to
con
sum
ers
(see
also
MPP
U S
ep.’1
7).
23AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Relie
f mea
sure
s
Aust
ralia
Augu
stAl
l cro
psIn
Aus
tralia
, a n
umbe
r of
fede
ral a
nd s
tate
-leve
l rel
ief p
acka
ges
to a
ssis
t far
mer
s hi
t by
this
yea
r’s
wid
espr
ead
drou
ght h
ave
been
ann
ounc
ed.
24AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Relie
f mea
sure
s
Euro
pean
U
nion
Augu
stAl
l cro
ps,
lives
tock
On
2 Au
gust
, the
Eur
opea
n C
omm
issi
on a
nnou
nced
set
of s
uppo
rt m
easu
res
for E
urop
ean
farm
ers
affec
ted
by t
he c
urre
nt s
easo
n’s
extre
me
drou
ght.
Farm
ers
will
be a
llow
ed t
o re
ceiv
e th
eir
dire
ct
and
rura
l dev
elop
men
t pa
ymen
ts e
arlie
r th
an s
ched
uled
and
hav
e be
en g
rant
ed m
ore
flexi
bilit
y in
us
ing
fallo
w la
nd a
nd o
ther
are
as th
at w
ould
nor
mal
ly n
ot b
e av
aila
ble
for p
rodu
ctio
n in
ord
er to
feed
th
eir
anim
als.
Add
ition
al s
uppo
rt ca
n be
pro
vide
d un
der
the
exis
ting
stat
e ai
d ru
les.
In p
artic
ular
, ex
traor
dina
ry p
urch
ases
of f
odde
r may
qua
lify f
or a
id in
cas
es o
f eith
er m
ater
ial d
amag
e or
inco
me
loss
. M
embe
r sta
tes
will
be a
llow
ed to
pro
vide
com
pens
atio
n fo
r dam
age
with
out n
otify
ing
the
Com
mis
sion
. Th
e EU
’s Ru
ral D
evel
opm
ent p
rogr
amm
e al
so p
rovi
des
a ra
nge
of p
ossi
bilit
ies
to a
ssis
t far
mer
s fa
cing
ex
cept
iona
l circ
umst
ance
s.
25AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Relie
f mea
sure
s
Uni
ted
Stat
esAu
gust
Cro
ps, l
ives
tock
pr
oduc
tsTr
ade
miti
gatio
n:
The
U.S
. Gov
ernm
ent
anno
unce
d a
set
of m
easu
res
to a
ssis
t fa
rmer
s su
fferin
g fro
m t
rade
dam
age
follo
win
g C
hina
’s in
trodu
ctio
n of
ret
alia
tory
tar
iffs
on c
erta
in U
S ag
ricul
tura
l ex
ports
. As
a on
e-tim
e, s
hort-
term
relie
f pac
kage
, USD
A ha
s be
en a
utho
rized
to im
plem
ent s
uppo
rt pr
ogra
mm
es w
orth
USD
12
billio
n, in
line
with
an
estim
ated
USD
11
billio
n im
pact
of C
hina
’s ne
w
tariff
s. T
o he
lp p
rodu
cers
mee
t the
cos
ts a
risin
g fro
m m
arke
t dis
rupt
ions
, thr
ee ty
pes
of m
easu
res
will
be im
plem
ente
d: i)
incr
emen
tal,
outp
ut-b
ased
pay
men
ts t
o pr
oduc
ers
of s
elec
ted
crop
s (in
clud
ing
soyb
eans
) to
com
pens
ate
farm
ers
for
pric
e-in
duce
d lo
sses
and
to
expa
nd n
ew m
arke
ts a
t ho
me
and
abro
ad; i
i) go
vern
men
t pur
chas
es o
f une
xpec
ted
surp
lus
of a
ffect
ed c
omm
oditi
es fo
r dis
tribu
tion
to p
ublic
nut
ritio
n pr
ogra
mm
es; a
nd ii
i) tra
de p
rom
otio
n ac
tiviti
es c
ondu
cted
in c
onju
nctio
n w
ith th
e pr
ivat
e se
ctor
to
assi
st in
dev
elop
ing
new
exp
ort
mar
kets
. Acc
ordi
ng t
o go
vern
men
t offi
cial
s, t
he
spec
ial a
id p
acka
ge c
ompl
ies
with
the
WTO
-man
date
d th
resh
olds
for t
rade
-dis
torti
ng fa
rm s
uppo
rt.
Whi
le fa
rmer
repr
esen
tativ
es w
elco
med
the
supp
ort m
easu
res,
they
als
o ex
pres
sed
conc
ern
abou
t the
lo
ng-te
rm ri
sks
asso
ciat
ed w
ith p
oten
tial e
xpor
t mar
ket l
osse
s.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 7
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*26
AGRI
CU
LTU
RAL
SUPP
ORT
PO
LIC
IES
– Re
lief m
easu
res
Uni
ted
Stat
esAu
gust
Cro
ps, l
ives
tock
pr
oduc
tsTr
ade
miti
gatio
n:
The
US
Gov
ernm
ent
prov
ided
det
ails
abo
ut it
s su
ppor
t pr
ogra
mm
e fo
r fa
rmer
s im
pact
ed b
y C
hina
’s in
trodu
ctio
n of
reta
liato
ry ta
riffs
(see
also
MPP
U A
ug.’1
8). T
o as
sist
farm
ers
to
mee
t the
cos
ts o
f dis
rupt
ed m
arke
ts, t
hree
mea
sure
s w
ill be
impl
emen
ted.
Fi
rst,
unde
r the
Mar
ket
Faci
litat
ion
Prog
ram
(MFP
), pr
oduc
ers
will
be g
rant
ed U
SD 4
.7 b
illion
of d
irect
pay
men
ts. R
ough
ly U
SD
3.6
milli
on h
ave
been
ear
mar
ked
for s
oybe
an p
rodu
cers
, with
the
rem
aind
er g
oing
to th
e so
rghu
m,
mai
ze,
whe
at,
cotto
n, d
airy
and
mea
t se
ctor
s. P
rogr
amm
e en
rolm
ent
unde
r M
FP o
pene
d on
4
Sept
embe
r and
will
clos
e in
Jan
uary
201
9. B
ased
on
the
seve
rity
of tr
ade
disr
uptio
n an
d th
e pe
riod
of
adju
stm
ent t
o ne
w tr
ade
patte
rns,
the
initi
al p
aym
ent r
ate
for s
oybe
ans
– th
e m
ost a
ffect
ed c
omm
odity
–
has
been
set
at U
SD 6
0.62
per
tonn
e, to
be
paid
on
half
of e
ach
prod
ucer
’s ac
tual
201
8 pr
oduc
tion.
Ad
ditio
nal p
aym
ents
will
be a
nnou
nced
in th
e co
min
g m
onth
s, if
war
rant
ed. M
FP p
aym
ents
per
farm
er
are
capp
ed a
t a c
ombi
ned
USD
125
000
for s
oybe
ans,
mai
ze, c
otto
n, s
orgh
um a
nd w
heat
. Sec
ond,
a
USD
1.2
billi
on F
ood
Purc
hase
and
Dis
tribu
tion
Prog
ram
will
proc
ure
vario
us im
pact
ed a
gric
ultu
ral
prod
ucts
– e
xclu
ding
soy
bean
s –
for
dist
ribut
ion
to r
ecip
ient
s th
roug
h ex
istin
g nu
tritio
n an
d ch
ild
assi
stan
ce s
chem
es. T
hird
, the
Agr
icul
tura
l Tra
de P
rom
otio
n Pr
ogra
m (U
SD 2
00 m
illion
) will
enab
le
elig
ible
sta
keho
lder
s to
iden
tify
and
deve
lop
new
exp
ort m
arke
ts fo
r all
affec
ted
com
mod
ities
on
a co
st-s
harin
g ba
sis.
Act
iviti
es e
nvis
aged
com
pris
e co
nsum
er a
dver
tisin
g, p
ublic
rela
tions
, poi
nt-o
f-sal
e de
mon
stra
tions
, tra
de fa
irs a
nd e
xhib
ition
s, m
arke
t res
earc
h, a
nd te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e. T
he U
nite
d St
ates
’ ai
d pa
ckag
e pr
ovok
ed s
trong
inte
rest
am
ong
trade
par
tner
s. A
t th
e W
TO,
mem
ber
stat
es
aske
d fo
r det
ails
on
the
met
hodo
logy
of t
he p
rogr
amm
e, it
s du
ratio
n, a
nd it
s co
nsis
tenc
y w
ith W
TO
rule
s. T
he U
nite
d St
ates
stre
ssed
that
its
relie
f pro
gram
me
was
a o
ne-ti
me
mea
sure
, lim
ited
to th
e Se
ptem
ber
2018
–Jan
uary
201
9 pe
riod,
add
ing
that
it w
ould
not
ent
ail e
xpor
t sub
sidi
es n
or in
volv
e pu
blic
sto
ckho
ldin
g op
erat
ions
.
27AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Relie
f mea
sure
s
Uni
ted
Stat
esN
ovem
ber
Sele
cted
cro
ps,
lives
tock
Trad
e m
itiga
tion:
As
of m
id-N
ovem
ber,
USD
A pa
id o
ut n
early
USD
840
milli
on to
farm
ers,
as
part
of a
fir
st tr
anch
e of
pay
men
ts w
orth
USD
6 b
illion
inte
nded
to c
ompe
nsat
e fa
rmer
s fo
r los
ses
incu
rred
due
to C
hina
’s im
posi
tion
of ta
riffs
on U
.S. a
gric
ultu
ral e
xpor
ts (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Aug
. & O
ct.’1
8). R
epor
tedl
y, so
ybea
ns,
whe
at,
mai
ze,
dairy
and
hog
pro
duce
rs b
enefi
tted
the
mos
t fro
m t
he s
ubsi
dies
. W
hile
de
tails
abo
ut a
sec
ond
USD
6 b
illion
tran
che
are
still
to b
e pr
ovid
ed, t
he U
SDA
confi
rmed
that
it h
as
no in
tent
ion
to re
new
the
aid
pack
age
in 2
019.
28AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Relie
f mea
sure
s
Uni
ted
Stat
esDe
cem
ber
Sele
cted
cro
ps,
lives
tock
Trad
e m
itiga
tion:
The
U.S
. Gov
ernm
ent h
as a
utho
rized
a s
econ
d ro
und
of p
aym
ents
from
the
USD
12
billi
on a
id p
acka
ge d
esig
ned
to c
ompe
nsat
e fa
rmer
s fo
r los
ses
incu
rred
due
to th
e Si
no-U
S tra
de
tens
ions
(see
MPP
U A
ug./O
ct./D
ec.’1
8). I
nclu
ding
the
addi
tiona
l dis
burs
emen
ts, U
SDA
expe
cts
dire
ct
paym
ents
to fa
rmer
s to
tota
l USD
9.6
billi
on, o
f whi
ch a
roun
d U
SD 7
.3 b
illion
will
be fo
r so
ybea
ns
grow
ers,
who
are
ent
itled
to re
ceiv
e U
SD 1
.65
per b
ushe
l (U
SD 6
0.62
per
tonn
e) o
n ha
lf of
thei
r act
ual
2018
pro
duct
ion.
In a
dditi
on, U
SD 1
.2 b
illion
hav
e be
en e
arm
arke
d fo
r foo
d pu
rcha
ses
and
arou
nd
USD
0.2
billi
on fo
r mea
sure
s to
dev
elop
fore
ign
mar
kets
.
29AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Can
ada
Sept
embe
rRa
pese
edC
anad
a’s
Fede
ral G
over
nmen
t ann
ounc
ed u
p to
CAD
12.
1 m
illion
(USD
9.2
4 m
illion
) in
fund
ing
– ov
er
five
year
s –
to th
e co
untry
’s C
anol
a C
ounc
il un
der i
ts C
anad
ian
Agric
ultu
ral P
artn
ersh
ip p
rogr
amm
e.
The
rese
arch
inve
stm
ent,
whi
ch w
ill be
com
plem
ente
d w
ith C
AD 8
.1 m
illion
(USD
6.1
9 m
illion
) fro
m
the
indu
stry
, is
aim
ed a
t adv
anci
ng th
e se
ctor
’s gr
owth
and
pro
fitab
ility
by c
reat
ing
new
and
impr
oved
pr
oduc
ts. T
he fo
cus w
ill be
on:
ada
ptin
g fo
od p
roce
ssin
g te
chni
ques
; exp
lorin
g us
es fo
r rap
esee
d m
eal
in liv
esto
ck p
rodu
ctio
n; y
ield
opt
imiza
tion;
cro
p pr
otec
tion
from
pes
t; an
d di
ssem
inat
ion
activ
ities
. The
sc
hem
e is
exp
ecte
d to
con
tribu
te to
the
indu
stry
’s st
rate
gic
plan
of l
iftin
g C
anad
a’s
annu
al ra
pese
ed
outp
ut to
26
milli
on to
nnes
by
the
year
202
5. F
or c
ompa
rison
, thi
s ye
ar’s
prod
uctio
n is
est
imat
ed a
t a
reco
rd 2
1.3
milli
on to
nnes
.
8 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*30
AGRI
CU
LTU
RAL
SUPP
ORT
PO
LIC
IES
–
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Can
ada
Dece
mbe
rO
ilcro
psC
anad
a’s
Fede
ral G
over
nmen
t an
noun
ced
a C
AD 3
.7 m
illion
(USD
2.8
milli
on) i
nves
tmen
t in
to t
he
East
ern
Can
ada
Oils
eeds
Dev
elop
men
t Al
lianc
e, E
CO
DA. T
he f
unds
hav
e be
en e
arm
arke
d fo
r th
e fo
llow
ing
activ
ities
: i)
dev
elop
men
t of
new
oils
eed
crop
var
ietie
s fo
r ea
ster
n C
anad
a; ii
) pr
oduc
t in
nova
tion
to b
oost
mar
ket o
ppor
tuni
ties
and
valu
e ad
ded
prod
ucts
; iii)
impr
oved
land
use
and
cro
p ro
tatio
n op
tions
; and
iv) i
mpr
oved
pes
t res
ista
nce
and
soil
pres
erva
tion.
31AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Chi
naFe
brua
rySo
y-fo
ods
& so
y-ba
sed
feed
Acco
rdin
g to
med
ia r
epor
ts,
in 2
018,
soy
food
man
ufac
ture
rs a
nd f
eed
prod
ucer
s in
Chi
na’s
Jilin
Pr
ovin
ce w
ill be
nefit
from
sta
te s
ubsi
dies
aim
ed a
t fos
terin
g th
e de
velo
pmen
t of s
oybe
an p
roce
ssin
g an
d fe
ed p
rodu
ctio
n in
the
coun
try’s
Nor
thea
st. T
he p
rovi
sion
of d
irect
supp
ort p
aym
ents
to sp
ecia
lized
lo
cal in
dust
ries
appe
ars
to b
e in
line
with
Chi
na’s
on-g
oing
pol
icy
re-o
rient
atio
n aw
ay fr
om n
atio
nwid
e cr
op p
rocu
rem
ent p
rogr
amm
es (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e’16
). De
tails
on
the
amou
nt a
nd m
odal
ities
of t
he
paym
ents
are
stil
l to
be p
rovi
ded.
Rep
orte
dly,
soyb
ean
proc
esso
rs h
oldi
ng fo
od p
rodu
ctio
n lic
ense
s an
d ha
ving
an
annu
al c
apac
ity o
f mor
e th
an 5
000
tonn
es w
ould
be
elig
ible
for t
he s
ubsi
dies
.
32AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Egyp
tJa
nuar
yO
live
oil,
oliv
esEg
ypt s
igne
d th
e Si
xth
Inte
rnat
iona
l Agr
eem
ent o
n O
live
Oil
and
Tabl
e O
lives
(see
MPP
U F
eb.’1
7),
ther
eby
rega
inin
g fu
ll m
embe
rshi
p in
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Oliv
e C
ounc
il, IO
C. A
ccor
ding
to m
edia
repo
rts,
unde
r the
agr
eem
ent,
Egyp
t will
bene
fit fr
om fi
nanc
ial g
rant
s to
sup
port
dom
estic
oliv
e pr
oduc
tion,
in
clud
ing
a ne
w in
itiat
ive
to p
rom
ote
culti
vatio
n in
the
Wes
tern
Des
ert.
In re
cent
yea
rs, t
he c
ount
ry’s
partl
y ex
port-
orie
nted
oliv
e oi
l ind
ustry
has
exp
ande
d gr
adua
lly.
33AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Euro
pean
U
nion
Febr
uary
Soyb
eans
&
othe
r pro
tein
cr
ops
As a
firs
t pha
se in
the
form
ulat
ion
of a
stra
tegy
for p
rom
otin
g pr
otei
n-ric
h cr
ops
(in p
artic
ular
soy
bean
s)
acro
ss t
he E
U,
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
has
sou
ght
the
view
s of
ind
ustry
exp
erts
and
oth
er
stak
ehol
ders
on
the
sect
or’s
stat
e of
pla
y. Th
e in
itiat
ive
stem
s fro
m c
once
rns
over
the
bloc
’s he
avy
relia
nce
on s
oybe
an im
ports
as
wel
l as
grow
ing
cons
umer
pre
fere
nce
for n
on-G
MO
food
and
feed
(see
al
so M
PPU
Jul
y &
Aug.
’17)
. Am
ong
othe
r thi
ngs,
the
Com
mis
sion
wis
hes
to a
sses
s th
e eff
ectiv
enes
s of
pol
icy
inst
rum
ents
suc
h as
vol
unta
ry c
oupl
ed s
uppo
rt, i.
e. th
e po
ssib
ility
of li
nkin
g di
rect
farm
er
supp
ort p
aym
ents
to th
e pr
oduc
tion
of p
rote
in c
rops
.
34AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Euro
pean
U
nion
Nov
embe
rPr
otei
n-ric
h cr
ops
As p
art
of e
fforts
to
deve
lop
a st
rate
gy f
or p
rom
otin
g pr
otei
n-ric
h cr
ops
incl
udin
g so
ybea
ns (s
ee
MPP
U M
ar.’1
8), t
he E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
has
pub
lishe
d a
repo
rt th
at re
view
s th
e su
pply
and
dem
and
situ
atio
n fo
r pl
ant p
rote
ins
in th
e EU
and
exp
lore
s w
ays
to in
crea
se p
rodu
ctio
n in
an
econ
omic
ally
an
d en
viro
nmen
tally
sus
tain
able
man
ner.
The
repo
rt in
clud
es a
n an
alys
is o
f exi
stin
g an
d ne
w p
olic
y in
stru
men
ts to
hel
p re
alize
the
pote
ntia
l of p
rote
in c
rops
in th
e un
ion.
35AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Fiji
Sept
embe
rC
ocon
utTh
e G
over
nmen
t of F
iji la
unch
ed a
pro
gram
me
to d
evel
op th
e co
untry
’s co
conu
t ind
ustry
and
enh
ance
th
e su
pply
of c
opra
. Rep
orte
dly,
inte
rven
tions
will
focu
s on
reju
vena
ting
the
coun
try’s
coco
nut p
alm
s,
larg
ely
rely
ing
on p
ublic
-priv
ate
partn
ersh
ips.
36AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
The
Gam
bia
Nov
embe
rG
roun
dnut
With
ass
ista
nce
from
the
Turk
ish
Coo
pera
tion
and
Coo
rdin
atio
n Ag
ency
(TIK
A), a
Gam
bian
gro
undn
ut
oil p
roce
ssin
g fa
ctor
y ha
s be
en e
quip
ped
with
a la
bora
tory
to te
st it
s pr
oduc
ts fo
r afla
toxi
n, a
fam
ily o
f to
xins
linke
d to
can
cer i
n hu
man
s. C
ontro
lling
aflat
oxin
con
tam
inat
ion
in g
roun
dnut
is e
xpec
ted
to h
elp
miti
gate
nat
iona
l hea
lth ri
sks
and
enha
nce
expo
rters
’ acc
ess
to th
e Eu
rope
an m
arke
t.
37AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Indi
aJu
lyO
il pa
lmTh
e Gov
ernm
ent o
f Tel
anga
na S
tate
enco
urag
ed fa
rmer
s to
emba
rk o
n oi
l pal
m cu
ltiva
tion.
By p
rom
otin
g pa
lm o
il pr
oduc
tion
for t
he d
omes
tic m
arke
t, th
e lo
cal i
nitia
tive
wou
ld c
ontri
bute
to re
duci
ng In
dia’
s de
pend
ence
on
impo
rted
vege
tabl
e oi
ls. A
cros
s th
e st
ate,
283
000
ha
of la
nd h
ave
been
iden
tified
as
bein
g su
itabl
e fo
r oil
palm
cul
tivat
ion.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 9
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*38
AGRI
CU
LTU
RAL
SUPP
ORT
PO
LIC
IES
–
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Indi
aSe
ptem
ber
Oilc
rops
With
a v
iew
to h
elp
redu
ce th
e co
untry
’s de
pend
ence
on
edib
le o
il im
ports
, the
Agr
icul
tura
l Min
istry
ha
s pr
opos
ed n
ew s
trate
gies
to ra
ise
dom
estic
oilc
rop
prod
uctio
n ov
er th
e ne
xt fo
ur y
ears
. Mea
sure
s en
visa
ged
incl
ude,
in a
larg
e sc
ale:
i) t
he p
rom
otio
n of
oils
eed
culti
vatio
n in
non
-trad
ition
al a
reas
, cr
oppi
ng se
ason
s and
stat
es; a
nd ii)
the
intro
duct
ion
of o
ilsee
d pr
oduc
tion
in ri
ce fa
llow
are
as d
urin
g th
e ra
bi s
easo
n. T
he M
inis
try p
ropo
sed
to p
rovi
de d
irect
ass
ista
nce
wor
th IN
R 3
000
to 5
000
(USD
41
to
68) p
er h
ecta
re –
in th
e fo
rm o
f agr
icul
ture
inpu
ts li
ke s
eed,
ferti
lizer
and
pes
ticid
es –
to fa
rmer
s w
ho
take
up
oilc
rop
prod
uctio
n as
an
inte
rcro
ppin
g m
odel
. Rec
ently
, the
Gov
ernm
ent d
ecid
ed to
mer
ge,
from
the
cur
rent
cro
p ye
ar, t
he N
atio
nal M
issi
on o
n O
ilsee
ds a
nd O
il Pa
lm w
ith it
s N
atio
nal F
ood
Secu
rity
Mis
sion
, who
se fo
rmer
cov
erag
e w
as li
mite
d to
rice
, whe
at a
nd p
ulse
s.
39AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Indi
aN
ovem
ber
Gro
undn
utTh
e G
over
nmen
t of G
ujar
at s
tate
pla
ns to
ass
ist f
arm
ers
in s
ettin
g up
coo
pera
tives
to ru
n th
eir o
wn
grou
ndnu
t mills
and
oth
er v
alue
add
ition
uni
ts s
o as
to s
hiel
d fa
rmer
s fro
m m
arke
t pric
es fl
uctu
atio
ns
and
redu
ce th
eir d
epen
denc
e on
priv
ate
mille
rs.
40AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Indo
nesi
aAp
rilO
il pa
lmTh
e In
done
sian
Gov
ernm
ent
pled
ged
to e
xpan
d a
coun
try-w
ide
oil
palm
rep
lant
ing
prog
ram
me
laun
ched
last
yea
r (se
e M
PPU
Dec
.’17)
to c
over
185
000
hec
tare
s of
sm
allh
olde
r pla
ntat
ions
in 2
018
– as
opp
osed
to
the
orig
inal
tar
get
of 2
0 00
0 he
ctar
es.
The
ultim
ate
goal
is t
o re
plac
e pa
lms
on
5.61
milli
on h
ecta
res
acro
ss th
e co
untry
. The
sch
eme’
s ob
ject
ive
is to
fost
er o
utpu
t gro
wth
am
ong
smal
lhol
ders
by
boos
ting
thei
r pro
duct
ivity
leve
l, th
ereb
y di
scou
ragi
ng e
nviro
nmen
tally
con
trove
rsia
l ex
pans
ion
of p
lant
ed a
rea.
Rep
laci
ng p
alm
tree
s ol
der t
han
25 y
ears
with
impr
oved
var
ietie
s co
uld
lift
aver
age
smal
lhol
der y
ield
s fro
m 2
–3 to
nnes
of p
alm
oil p
er h
a to
4 to
nnes
. The
Gov
ernm
ent’s
repl
antin
g pr
ogra
mm
e is
ent
irely
fina
nced
by
Indo
nesi
a’s
Oil P
alm
Pla
ntat
ion
Fund
(BPD
P-KS
), an
inst
rum
ent s
et
up in
201
5 to
man
age
a ne
w le
vy c
olle
cted
on
the
coun
try’s
palm
oil
expo
rts. I
n fa
ct, t
o da
te th
e bu
lk
of B
PDP-
KS fu
nds
has
been
allo
cate
d to
bio
dies
el s
ubsi
dies
– a
pol
icy
that
is b
eing
cha
lleng
ed b
y th
e co
untry
’s m
ain
unio
n of
pal
m o
il sm
allh
olde
rs. R
ecen
tly, a
lso
the
coun
try’s
anti-
graf
t age
ncy
has
calle
d fo
r a m
ore
bala
nced
dis
tribu
tion
of th
ose
fund
s am
ong
stak
ehol
ders
. Rep
orte
dly,
last
yea
r, BP
DP-K
S pr
ocee
ds fr
om le
vies
col
lect
ed o
n pa
lm o
il ex
ports
am
ount
ed to
IDR
14.2
trilli
on (U
SD 1
billi
on).
41AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Indo
nesi
aSe
ptem
ber
Palm
oil
Com
plem
entin
g eff
orts
to ra
ise
dom
estic
dem
and
for p
alm
oil
(not
ably
for b
iodi
esel
pro
duct
ion)
, the
In
done
sian
Gov
ernm
ent i
s su
ppor
ting
initi
ativ
es to
est
ablis
h pa
lm o
il pr
oces
sing
faci
litie
s ov
erse
as.
Acco
rdin
g to
the
med
ia, j
oint
ven
ture
s to
set
up
refin
erie
s –
that
wou
ld s
ourc
e cr
ude
palm
oil p
rimar
ily
from
Indo
nesi
a –
in P
akis
tan
(for f
ood-
grad
e oi
l pro
duct
ion)
and
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
and
Eur
ope
(for
avia
tion
fuel
pro
duct
ion)
hav
e be
en p
rom
oted
.
42AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Mal
aysi
aSe
ptem
ber
Coc
onut
The
Mal
aysi
an G
over
nmen
t pl
ans
to s
et u
p a
spec
ial b
ody
to m
anag
e an
d re
gula
te t
he c
ount
ry’s
coco
nut i
ndus
try a
nd, i
n th
is c
onte
xt, s
ough
t adv
ice
from
oth
er c
ocon
ut p
rodu
cing
cou
ntrie
s in
Asi
a.
Whi
le th
e in
dust
ry is
bel
ieve
d to
hav
e go
od g
row
th p
oten
tial t
hank
s to
incr
ease
d de
man
d fo
r coc
onut
-ba
sed
prod
ucts
glo
bally
, pro
duce
rs f
ace
chal
leng
es in
pro
duct
ion
caus
ed b
y lo
w p
rodu
ctiv
ity a
nd
com
petit
ion
for l
and
with
oth
er c
rops
.
43AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Mon
tene
gro
Mar
chO
live
oil
With
ass
ista
nce
from
the
Tur
kish
dev
elop
men
t co
oper
atio
n ag
ency
, M
onte
negr
o en
visa
ges
to
stre
ngth
en d
omes
tic o
live
oil p
rodu
ctio
n, in
a b
id to
pen
etra
te w
orld
mar
kets
mor
e eff
ectiv
ely.
Und
er
the
initi
ativ
e, lo
cal p
rodu
cers
will
rece
ive
train
ing
from
Tur
kish
exp
erts
on
new
pro
duct
ion
tech
niqu
es
conc
erni
ng fe
rtiliz
atio
n, ir
rigat
ion,
pru
ning
and
pes
t con
trol.
10 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*44
AGRI
CU
LTU
RAL
SUPP
ORT
PO
LIC
IES
–
Sect
or d
evel
opm
ent
mea
sure
s
Paki
stan
April
Oliv
e tre
ePu
blic
effo
rts to
pro
mot
e ol
ive
tree
culti
vatio
n co
ntin
ue to
be
purs
ued
in d
iffer
ent p
arts
of t
he c
ount
ry
unde
r the
ove
rsig
ht o
f Pak
ista
n’s
Agric
ultu
ral R
esea
rch
Cou
ncil
(see
MPP
U O
ct.’1
5 &
Feb.
/Sep
.’16)
. In
Pun
jab
prov
ince
, fre
e-of
-cha
rge
dist
ribut
ion
of s
aplin
gs is
con
tinui
ng in
the
Poth
ohar
Pla
teau
and
th
e lo
cal g
over
nmen
t has
con
firm
ed it
s ta
rget
of p
lant
ing
2.4
milli
on tr
ees
by 2
020.
Elig
ible
gro
wer
s ar
e gi
ven
acce
ss to
sub
sidi
es a
nd tr
aini
ng p
rogr
amm
es. E
lsew
here
, in
Balo
chis
tan,
120
000
tree
s ar
e be
ing
plan
ted,
with
oliv
e pl
anta
tions
exp
ecte
d to
cov
er a
n ar
ea o
f app
roxi
mat
ely
5 70
0 he
ctar
es, w
hile
, in
Gilg
it-Ba
ltist
an, g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s an
noun
ced
plan
s to
pla
nt th
ree
milli
on o
live
trees
as
part
of a
n en
viro
nmen
tal c
onse
rvat
ion
proj
ect.
Thes
e an
d pa
ralle
l initi
ativ
es c
once
rnin
g ra
pese
ed, s
unflo
wer
seed
an
d oi
l pal
m, a
re a
ll ai
med
at l
ower
ing
the
coun
try’s
depe
nden
ce o
n ve
geta
ble
oil i
mpo
rts.
45AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
the
Philip
pine
sJu
lyC
ocon
utA
cong
ress
iona
l bic
amer
al c
omm
ittee
has
app
rove
d a
bill c
reat
ing
a PH
P 10
0 bi
llion
(USD
1.8
6 bi
llion)
tru
st fu
nd to
be
used
ove
r 25
year
s to
the
bene
fit o
f the
cou
ntry
’s 3.
5 m
illion
coc
onut
farm
ers.
The
fu
nds
orig
inat
e pr
imar
ily f
rom
a le
vy c
olle
cted
fro
m c
ocon
ut f
arm
ers
durin
g th
e 19
70s
to s
uppo
rt th
e de
velo
pmen
t an
d re
habi
litat
ion
of t
he c
ount
ry’s
coco
nut
indu
stry
(se
e al
so M
PPU
Jan
.’15
& Ju
ly’16
). M
anag
ed b
y th
e Ph
ilippi
ne C
ocon
ut A
utho
rity,
the
fund
s w
ill be
ear
mar
ked
for t
he fo
llow
ing
activ
ities
: sch
olar
ship
pro
gram
mes
; sha
red
faci
litie
s; e
mpo
wer
men
t of c
ocon
ut fa
rmer
org
aniza
tions
an
d co
oper
ativ
es; h
ealth
sch
emes
; inf
rast
ruct
ure;
pla
ntin
g, re
plan
ting
and
esta
blis
hmen
t of n
urse
ries;
in
terc
ropp
ing;
rese
arch
& d
evel
opm
ent;
cred
it sc
hem
es; m
arke
ting
and
crea
tion
of n
ew p
rodu
cts;
and
fe
rtiliz
er d
istri
butio
n.
46AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
the
Uni
ted
Repu
blic
of
Tanz
ania
July
Oilc
rops
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e Ea
st A
frica
n na
tion
is p
ursu
ing
plan
s to
mod
erni
ze –
with
ass
ista
nce
from
Mal
aysi
a –
dom
estic
pro
duct
ion
of o
il pa
lm, s
unflo
wer
seed
, gro
undn
ut, s
esam
e, c
ocon
ut p
alm
and
coc
onut
, w
ith a
vie
w to
redu
ce th
e co
untry
’s de
pend
ence
on
edib
le o
il im
ports
and
impr
ove
the
livel
ihoo
d of
sm
allh
olde
r far
mer
s.
47AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Uga
nda
Mar
chO
il pa
lmTh
e G
over
nmen
t of U
gand
a in
tend
s to
exp
and
its e
fforts
in p
rom
otin
g oi
l pal
m c
ultiv
atio
n ac
ross
the
coun
try in
par
tner
ship
with
UN
-age
ncy
IFAD
and
a g
roup
of p
rivat
e in
vest
ors.
As
part
of th
e co
untry
’s Ve
geta
ble
Oil
Deve
lopm
ent P
rogr
amm
e, o
il pa
lm c
ultiv
atio
n ha
s be
en d
evel
oped
sin
ce 2
005
in tw
o di
stric
ts (K
alan
gala
and
Buv
uma)
on
an a
rea
of 1
0 00
0 he
ctar
es, c
ompr
isin
g bo
th n
ucle
us e
stat
es
and
smal
lhol
der f
arm
s. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e pr
ojec
t attr
acte
d m
ultip
le in
vest
men
ts a
long
the
palm
oil
valu
e ch
ain,
cre
atin
g jo
bs a
nd im
prov
ing
loca
l liv
elih
oods
. Und
er a
sec
ond
phas
e, o
il pa
lm c
ultiv
atio
n is
ex
pect
ed to
con
cent
rate
on
four
regi
onal
hub
s, c
over
ing
43 n
ew d
istri
cts.
The
initi
ativ
e ha
s no
t bee
n sp
ared
fro
m s
crut
iny
by c
ivil
soci
ety
grou
ps,
whi
ch id
entifi
ed a
num
ber
chal
leng
es r
egar
ding
the
pr
ojec
t’s e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd s
ocia
l sus
tain
abilit
y.
48AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Se
ctor
dev
elop
men
t m
easu
res
Uzb
ekis
tan
Janu
ary
Oils
, fat
sLo
cal m
edia
repo
rted
that
the
Gov
ernm
ent h
as is
sued
a ro
ad m
ap fo
r the
acc
eler
ated
dev
elop
men
t of
the
coun
try’s
oils
and
fats
indu
stry
. The
pla
n pr
ovid
es fo
r the
exp
ansi
on o
f the
indu
stry
’s re
sour
ce
base
and
the
mod
erni
zatio
n of
equ
ipm
ent u
sed.
Spe
cific
mea
sure
s in
clud
e a
one-
year
exe
mpt
ion
from
th
e pa
ymen
t of v
alue
add
ed ta
x fo
r oi
l/fat
man
ufac
ture
rs, b
egin
ning
in J
anua
ry 2
018.
Fur
ther
mor
e,
the
Gov
ernm
ent
wou
ld s
et a
fix
pric
e fo
r th
e sa
le o
f cot
tons
eed
oil t
o so
cial
ly v
ulne
rabl
e pa
rts o
f th
e po
pula
tion
(see
also
MPP
U D
ec.’1
7).
Such
pric
e w
ould
be
dete
rmin
ed t
akin
g in
to a
ccou
nt
man
ufac
ture
rs’ p
rodu
ctio
n an
d m
arke
ting
cost
s.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 11
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*49
AGRI
CU
LTU
RAL
SUPP
ORT
PO
LIC
IES
– Pe
st c
ontro
l mea
sure
s &
regu
latio
ns
Braz
ilAu
gust
Gly
phos
ate
In A
ugus
t, a
Braz
ilian
judg
e su
spen
ded
the
use
of p
rodu
ct c
onta
inin
g gl
ypho
sate
, a
herb
icid
e ex
tens
ivel
y em
ploy
ed fo
r soy
bean
s an
d ot
her c
rops
in B
razil
and
wor
ld-w
ide.
Und
er th
e in
junc
tion,
ex
istin
g an
d ne
w r
egis
tratio
ns o
f pr
oduc
ts c
onta
inin
g th
e ch
emic
al w
ere
to b
e su
spen
ded
as o
f Se
ptem
ber 2
018,
unt
il the
cou
ntry
’s he
alth
aut
horit
y AN
VISA
issu
ed th
e fin
ding
s fro
m it
s re
-eva
luat
ion
of t
he h
erbi
cide
’s sa
fety
. Ev
entu
ally,
afte
r Br
azil’s
Sol
icito
r G
ener
al fi
led
an a
ppea
l bac
ked
by t
he
Agric
ultu
re M
inis
try, a
rgui
ng th
at th
e su
spen
sion
wou
ld h
arm
farm
ers
and
pote
ntia
lly re
sult
in a
loss
of
arou
nd U
SD 2
5 bi
llion
in e
xpor
t ear
ning
s, th
e in
junc
tion
was
ove
rrule
d. T
he A
ppea
ls C
ourt
mai
ntai
ned
that
the
inju
nctio
n w
ould
har
m th
e co
untry
’s ec
onom
y.
50AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Can
ada
Augu
stN
icot
inoi
dsIn
Can
ada,
a fi
nal d
ecis
ion
on t
he p
hase
-out
and
virt
ual b
an o
f ou
tdoo
r ag
ricul
tura
l use
s of
thr
ee
pest
icid
es b
elon
ging
to
the
neon
icot
inoi
ds g
roup
is e
xpec
ted
next
yea
r (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Dec
.’16)
. W
idel
y us
ed to
pro
tect
rape
seed
, soy
bean
s an
d ot
her c
rops
from
inse
ct a
ttack
, the
che
mic
als
have
be
en li
nked
to p
ollin
ator
dam
age
and
harm
to a
quat
ic e
nviro
nmen
ts. E
lsew
here
, tem
pora
ry b
ans
on
neo
nico
tinoi
ds a
re in
pla
ce in
the
EU, w
hile
no
com
para
ble
step
s ha
ve b
een
take
n in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es
(see
also
MPP
U J
une’
17).
51AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
East
Afri
can
Com
mun
ityAu
gust
Aflat
oxin
Mem
bers
of t
he E
ast A
frica
n C
omm
unity
pla
n to
dev
elop
a p
olic
y fra
mew
ork
to a
ddre
ss th
e hu
man
an
d an
imal
hea
lth t
hrea
ts p
osed
by
aflat
oxin
con
tam
inat
ion.
Rep
orte
dly,
aflat
oxin
s fro
m f
ungi
are
w
ides
prea
d in
the
regi
on a
nd c
ause
con
tam
inat
ion
of s
tapl
e fo
ods,
esp
ecia
lly g
roun
dnut
s. U
nder
the
initi
ativ
e, p
olic
y m
aker
s an
d ot
her s
take
hold
ers
will
be s
ensi
tized
on
the
need
and
pos
sibl
e m
easu
res
to p
reve
nt a
flato
xins
fro
m d
evel
opin
g an
d to
miti
gate
the
impa
ct o
f co
ntam
inat
ion.
If s
ucce
ssfu
lly
impl
emen
ted,
pre
vent
ion
and
cont
rol m
easu
res
have
the
pote
ntia
l to
enab
le in
tra-re
gion
al tr
ade
and
over
seas
exp
orts
of a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts.
52AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Euro
pean
U
nion
Janu
ary
Xyle
lla fa
stid
iosa
Firs
t det
ecte
d in
the
Sout
h of
Ital
y in
201
3, x
ylella
fast
idio
sa is
rega
rded
as
a m
ain
thre
at to
Eur
opea
n ol
ive
culti
vatio
n (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jan
.’18)
. Rec
ently
, the
Eur
opea
n C
omm
issi
on p
rovi
ded
the
follo
win
g up
date
rega
rdin
g th
e sp
read
of t
he d
isea
se:
i) Sp
ain,
the
wor
ld’s
larg
est o
live
oil p
rodu
cer,
notifi
ed a
fir
st o
utbr
eak
in 2
016
in th
e is
land
of M
allo
rca;
as
the
pest
sub
sequ
ently
spr
ead
acro
ss th
e Ba
lear
ic
Isla
nds,
in D
ecem
ber 2
017,
the
entir
e te
rrito
ry w
as d
ecla
red
as a
rea
unde
r con
tain
men
t and
mov
emen
t of
spe
cifie
d pl
ants
out
of
the
Bale
ares
is c
urre
ntly
not
aut
horiz
ed. I
n Ju
ne 2
017,
the
dis
ease
was
al
so d
etec
ted
on t
he Ib
eria
n Pe
nins
ula,
in A
lican
te (V
alen
cia)
, w
here
mov
emen
t re
stric
tions
are
in
plac
e; ii
) in
Italy,
the
dem
arca
ted
area
has
bee
n up
date
d on
sev
eral
occ
asio
ns a
nd s
urve
y ac
tiviti
es
are
ongo
ing;
in M
ay 2
015,
the
infe
cted
zon
e w
as d
ecla
red
area
und
er c
onta
inm
ent;
mov
emen
t of
sp
ecifi
ed p
lant
s ou
t of
the
dem
arca
ted
area
is c
urre
ntly
not
aut
horiz
ed;
iii) in
Fra
nce,
aut
horit
ies
repo
rted
a fir
st o
utbr
eak
on th
e Is
land
of C
orsi
ca in
201
5; s
ince
then
, add
ition
al o
utbr
eaks
hav
e be
en
dete
cted
in P
rove
nce-
Alpe
s-C
ôte
d’Az
ur (P
ACA)
; whi
le s
urve
y ac
tiviti
es c
ontin
ue, t
he e
ntire
terri
tory
of
Cor
sica
was
dec
lare
d as
are
a un
der c
onta
inm
ent i
n De
cem
ber 2
017,
and
the
mov
emen
t of s
peci
fied
plan
ts o
ut o
f Cor
sica
and
PAC
A is
cur
rent
ly n
ot a
utho
rized
.; iv
) in
Ger
man
y, au
thor
ities
not
ified
an
isol
ated
cas
e of
the
dise
ase
in J
une
2016
in S
axon
y; v
) as
for t
he re
st o
f the
EU
terri
tory
, all
mem
ber
stat
es m
ust
carry
out
ann
ual s
urve
ys f
or t
he p
rese
nce
of t
he d
isea
se in
the
ir te
rrito
ry in
volv
ing
a lis
t of s
peci
fied
plan
ts.
On
a re
late
d no
te, l
ast D
ecem
ber,
the
10 c
ount
ries
mos
t dire
ctly
thre
aten
ed
by t
he d
isea
se a
gree
d on
a r
oadm
ap a
imed
at
rein
forc
ing
mea
sure
s to
pre
vent
and
con
trol t
he
dise
ase
(see
MPP
U J
an.’1
8). T
he ro
adm
ap fo
cuse
s on
thre
e m
ain
area
s: i
) kno
wle
dge
impr
ovem
ent
thro
ugh
the
supp
ort
of a
pplie
d re
sear
ch p
rogr
amm
es;
ii) in
crea
sing
sur
veilla
nce
to e
nsur
e ea
rly
dete
ctio
n an
d ra
pid
erad
icat
ion
of n
ew o
utbr
eaks
; and
iii)
awar
enes
s ra
isin
g an
d in
form
atio
n ac
tions
.
12 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*53
AGRI
CU
LTU
RAL
SUPP
ORT
PO
LIC
IES
– Pe
st c
ontro
l mea
sure
s &
regu
latio
ns
Euro
pean
U
nion
April
Nic
otin
oids
EU M
embe
r Sta
tes’
repr
esen
tativ
es b
acke
d a
prop
osal
by
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
to fu
rther
rest
rict
the
use
of t
hree
sub
stan
ces
know
n as
nic
otin
oids
, fo
r w
hich
a s
cien
tific
revi
ew b
y th
e Eu
rope
an
Food
Saf
ety
Auth
ority
fou
nd t
hat
thei
r ou
tdoo
r us
e ha
rms
bees
(see
also
MPP
U F
eb. &
Jun
e’18
). N
icot
inoi
ds h
ave
been
wid
ely
empl
oyed
in a
gric
ultu
re –
in p
artic
ular
in ra
pese
ed c
ultiv
atio
n –
over
the
past
20
yea
rs. T
he n
ew re
stric
tions
go
beyo
nd th
e m
easu
res
alre
ady
in p
lace
sin
ce 2
013,
in th
at a
ll ou
tdoo
r use
s of
the
chem
ical
s w
ill be
ban
ned.
The
regu
latio
n is
exp
ecte
d to
com
e in
to fo
rce
by th
e en
d of
the
year
. Ind
ivid
ual M
embe
r Sta
tes
may
gra
nt e
mer
genc
y ex
cept
ions
for r
estri
cted
use
s of
the
chem
ical
s.
54AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Uni
ted
Stat
esJu
lyG
lyph
osat
eIn
Jul
y, a
fede
ral j
udge
rul
ed t
hat
law
suits
link
ing
glyp
hosa
te u
se t
o ca
ncer
cou
ld p
roce
ed t
o tri
al.
Sepa
rate
ly, in
Aug
ust,
a fe
dera
l cou
rt aw
arde
d U
SD 2
89 m
illion
to a
man
who
cla
imed
that
his
can
cer
was
cau
sed
by p
rolo
nged
con
tact
with
gly
phos
ate.
Acc
ordi
ng to
the
rulin
g, th
e he
rbic
ide’
s pr
oduc
er
faile
d to
war
n us
ers
abou
t the
can
cer r
isks
pos
ed b
y th
e pr
oduc
t.
55AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Uni
ted
Stat
esSe
ptem
ber
Dica
mba
The
U.S
. Env
ironm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (E
PA) i
s ex
pect
ed to
soo
n re
leas
e its
dec
isio
n on
whe
ther
to
ren
ew it
s lic
ense
for
dica
mba
, a w
eed
kille
r in
crea
sing
ly u
sed
in G
M s
oybe
an a
nd c
otto
n fie
lds
(see
also
MPP
U O
ct.’1
7, D
ec.’1
7 &
Jan.
’18)
. Rep
orte
dly,
som
e in
dust
ry re
pres
enta
tives
urg
ed E
PA to
lim
it th
e he
rbic
ide’
s us
e to
the
sprin
g m
onth
s, i.
e. b
efor
e cr
ops
are
plan
ted.
On
a re
late
d no
te, a
U.S
. Ap
peal
s C
ourt
is lo
okin
g in
to c
laim
s th
at E
PA fa
iled
to a
naly
se th
e ris
ks d
icam
ba a
pplic
atio
ns p
osed
to
nea
rby
crop
s w
hen
it re
new
ed th
e he
rbic
ides
’ lic
ense
two
year
s ag
o.
56AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Uni
ted
Stat
esO
ctob
erG
lyph
osat
eA
U.S
. cou
rt co
nfirm
ed a
n ea
rlier
ver
dict
that
foun
d gl
ypho
sate
-bas
ed h
erbi
cide
s re
spon
sibl
e fo
r a
man
’s te
rmin
al c
ance
r, bu
t de
cide
d to
low
er t
he U
SD 2
50 m
illion
pun
itive
dam
ages
por
tion
of t
he
awar
d to
USD
39
milli
on (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Oct
.’18)
.
57AG
RIC
ULT
URA
L SU
PPO
RT P
OLI
CIE
S –
Pest
con
trol m
easu
res
& re
gula
tions
Uni
ted
Stat
esN
ovem
ber
Dica
mba
In t
he U
nite
d St
ates
, the
use
of d
icam
ba-b
ased
her
bici
des
has
been
re-
auth
orize
d fo
r a
perio
d of
tw
o ye
ars
(see
also
MPP
U O
ct.’1
8). T
he U
.S. E
nviro
nmen
tal P
rote
ctio
n Ag
ency
ext
ende
d, u
ntil
20
Dece
mbe
r 202
0, th
e re
gist
ratio
n fo
r ove
r-the
-top
use
(i.e.
use
on
grow
ing
plan
ts) o
f dic
amba
to c
ontro
l w
eeds
in fi
elds
of s
oybe
an a
nd c
otto
n ge
netic
ally
mod
ified
to re
sist
the
herb
icid
e. To
min
imize
pot
entia
l off
-site
dam
age
to n
on-ta
rget
ed c
rops
, the
aut
horiz
atio
n in
clud
es p
rovi
sion
s lim
iting
the
num
ber o
f al
low
ed a
pplic
atio
ns a
s w
ell a
s th
e pe
riod
and
times
of t
he d
ay w
hen
the
herb
icid
e ca
n be
app
lied.
58BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SAr
gent
ina
May
Biod
iese
lIn
May
, th
e Ar
gent
ine
Gov
ernm
ent
rais
ed t
he e
xpor
t ta
x on
(so
ybea
n oi
l-bas
ed)
biod
iese
l fro
m
8 pe
rcen
t to
15 p
erce
nt, e
ffect
ive
1 Ju
ly 2
018.
The
upw
ard
adju
stm
ent w
as a
imed
at b
ringi
ng th
e ta
x cl
oser
to th
e ex
port
duty
for s
oybe
an o
il, w
hich
, in
May
, sto
od a
t 24.
5 pe
rcen
t. Pa
st d
uty
diffe
rent
ials
w
ere
amon
g th
e re
ason
s th
at le
d th
e U
nite
d St
ates
to im
pose
cou
nter
vailin
g an
d an
ti-du
mpi
ng d
utie
s on
bio
dies
el im
ports
from
Arg
entin
a an
d th
e EU
to la
unch
a n
ew in
vest
igat
ion
on w
heth
er A
rgen
tine
prod
ucer
s be
nefit
from
sta
te s
ubsi
dies
(see
MPP
U M
ay’1
8). T
he h
ighe
r ex
port
duty
is e
xpec
ted
to
mak
e it
mor
e di
fficu
lt to
sel
l Arg
entin
e bi
odie
sel t
o co
untri
es w
here
ble
ndin
g oc
curs
on
a di
scre
tiona
ry
rath
er th
an m
anda
tory
bas
is. R
egar
ding
Arg
entin
a’s
inte
rnal
mar
ket,
priv
ate
sour
ces
repo
rted
that
the
Gov
ernm
ent
is c
onsi
derin
g to
rai
se t
he c
ount
ry’s
man
dato
ry b
iodi
esel
ble
ndin
g ra
te fr
om c
urre
ntly
10
per
cent
to 1
2 pe
rcen
t (an
d ev
entu
ally
15
perc
ent),
in a
bid
to fo
ster
dom
estic
con
sum
ptio
n.
59BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SAr
gent
ina
Sept
embe
rBi
odie
sel
Durin
g th
e Au
gust
–Sep
tem
ber p
erio
d, th
e go
vern
men
t-set
pric
e th
at o
il co
mpa
nies
nee
d to
pay
for
biod
iese
l has
bee
n ra
ised
thric
e, re
achi
ng A
RS 2
6 50
9 (U
SD 7
25) p
er to
nne
as o
f 10
Sept
embe
r 201
8.
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e ad
just
men
ts w
ere
trigg
ered
by
the
rece
nt c
hang
es in
the
Arge
ntin
a’s
expo
rt ta
x fo
r so
ybea
n oi
l, th
e co
untry
’s m
ain
biod
iese
l fee
dsto
ck.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 13
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*60
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Arge
ntin
aN
ovem
ber
Biod
iese
lAf
ter u
pwar
d ad
just
men
ts in
Aug
ust a
nd S
epte
mbe
r 201
8 (s
ee M
PPU
Oct
.’18)
, the
gov
ernm
ent-s
et
pric
e th
at o
il co
mpa
nies
are
requ
ired
to p
ay fo
r bio
dies
el h
as b
een
rais
ed fu
rther
to A
RS 2
7 52
9 pe
r to
nne
(USD
733
) in
Oct
ober
and
ARS
28
112
(USD
748
) in
Nov
embe
r 201
8.
61BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SBr
azil
Febr
uary
Biod
iese
lFo
llow
ing
reco
mm
enda
tions
mad
e by
Bra
zil’s
Nat
iona
l Ene
rgy
Polic
y C
ounc
il (C
NPE
), th
e G
over
nmen
t ra
ised
the
natio
nwid
e m
anda
tory
ble
ndin
g ra
te fo
r bio
dies
el fr
om 8
per
cent
to 1
0 pe
rcen
t (se
e al
so
MPP
U D
ec.’1
7). F
rom
1 M
arch
201
8, a
ll pet
role
um d
iese
l is re
quire
d to
incl
ude
10 p
erce
nt o
f veg
etab
le
oil-b
ased
die
sel.
Whi
le b
iodi
esel
man
ufac
ture
rs c
an u
se a
ny v
eget
able
oil
as fe
edst
ock,
the
sha
re
of s
oybe
an o
il in
tota
l fee
dsto
ck u
ptak
e re
mai
ns c
appe
d at
80
perc
ent.
Furth
erm
ore,
one
-fifth
of a
ll fe
edst
ock
mus
t be
sour
ced
from
sm
all f
amily
farm
s. T
he h
ighe
r man
date
is e
stim
ated
to ra
ise
Braz
il’s
annu
al b
iodi
esel
con
sum
ptio
n by
alm
ost 3
0 pe
rcen
t – fr
om 3
.8 m
illion
to 4
.9 m
illion
tonn
es, a
ccor
ding
to
indu
stry
est
imat
es. D
urin
g 20
18, t
he b
iofu
el in
dust
ry’s
upta
ke o
f soy
bean
oil i
s fo
reca
st a
t 3.7
milli
on
tonn
es, w
hich
com
pare
s to
2.9
milli
on to
nnes
in 2
017.
Acc
ordi
ngly,
dom
estic
soy
bean
cru
sh re
late
d to
bio
dies
el w
ould
ris
e fro
m 1
4.5
milli
on t
o 18
.5 m
illion
ton
nes.
Rep
orte
dly,
for
2019
and
bey
ond,
fu
rther
incr
ease
s in
the
coun
try’s
man
dato
ry b
lend
ing
rate
are
env
isag
ed, c
ondi
tiona
l upo
n po
sitiv
e te
st r
esul
ts o
n m
otor
eng
ines
. The
indu
stry
’s cu
rrent
ble
ndin
g ca
paci
ty is
rep
orte
d to
be
arou
nd 7
m
illion
tonn
es p
er y
ear,
whi
ch w
ould
be
com
patib
le w
ith h
ighe
r ble
ndin
g ra
tes.
62BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SBr
azil
July
Biod
iese
lSt
rivin
g to
exp
and
dom
estic
bio
dies
el c
onsu
mpt
ion,
the
Braz
ilian
Gov
ernm
ent h
as ra
ised
the
allo
wed
vo
lunt
ary p
erce
ntag
e of
bio
dies
el m
ixtu
re in
regu
lar d
iese
l for
cer
tain
gro
ups o
f use
rs. L
arge
con
sum
ers
serv
ed b
y th
eir
own
poin
t of
sup
ply
(suc
h as
car
riers
and
tra
nspo
rt co
mpa
nies
) are
now
allo
wed
ad
mix
ture
rate
s of
up
to 2
0 pe
rcen
t, w
here
as n
ew ra
tes
of 3
0 pe
rcen
t hav
e be
en s
et fo
r agr
icul
tura
l, in
dust
rial a
nd ra
il us
es, a
nd 1
00 p
erce
nt fo
r exp
erim
enta
l and
oth
er s
peci
al a
pplic
atio
ns. T
he n
atio
n-w
ide
man
dato
ry b
lend
ing
rate
for r
egul
ar tr
ansp
ort d
iese
l rem
ains
unc
hang
ed a
t 10
perc
ent.
63BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SBr
azil
Oct
ober
Biod
iese
lTh
e N
atio
nal C
ounc
il for
Ene
rgy
Polic
ies
prop
osed
a g
radu
al in
crea
se fr
om 1
0 pe
rcen
t to
15 p
erce
nt in
th
e m
anda
tory
shar
e of
bio
dies
el in
regu
lar t
rans
port
dies
el c
onsu
med
in B
razil
. The
pro
posa
l env
isag
es
annu
al in
crea
ses
by 1
per
cent
sta
rting
in J
une
2019
. The
add
ition
al 5
per
cent
ble
ndin
g w
ould
rais
e Br
azil’s
bio
dies
el c
onsu
mpt
ion
by a
ppro
xim
atel
y 85
per
cent
bet
wee
n 20
18 a
nd 2
023,
lifti
ng n
atio
nal
biod
iese
l pro
duct
ion
to 8
.8 m
illion
tonn
es –
com
pare
d to
the
curre
nt le
vel o
f 4.8
milli
on to
nnes
. To
date
, so
ybea
n oi
l has
bee
n th
e pr
inci
pal f
eeds
tock
use
d.
64BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SC
olom
bia
Mar
chBi
odie
sel
On
1 M
arch
201
8, C
olom
bia’
s m
anda
ted
blen
d lim
it fo
r bio
fuel
in p
etro
l and
die
sel h
as b
een
rais
ed
in a
bid
to c
urb
CO
2 em
issi
ons
in th
e co
untry
’s ci
ties
and
addr
ess
over
supp
ly p
robl
ems
that
thre
aten
to
dis
rupt
pro
duct
ion
of b
iofu
els
and
thei
r res
pect
ive
feed
stoc
k. T
he re
quire
d m
ix o
f pal
m o
il-ba
sed
dies
el in
regu
lar d
iese
l has
bee
n ra
ised
to 1
0 pe
rcen
t and
app
lies
thro
ugho
ut th
e co
untry
. Pre
viou
sly,
man
date
s ra
nged
from
2 p
erce
nt to
9 p
erce
nt, d
epen
ding
on
the
regi
on.
14 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*65
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Euro
pean
U
nion
Janu
ary
Biod
iese
lW
ith r
egar
d to
the
pen
ding
ref
orm
of
the
EU’s
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y Di
rect
ive
(RED
), th
e Eu
rope
an
Parli
amen
t vot
ed in
favo
ur o
f a p
ropo
sal t
hat w
ould
free
ze p
rodu
ctio
n of
cro
p-ba
sed
biof
uels
at 2
017
leve
ls, w
hile
cap
ping
thei
r sha
re in
tota
l roa
d/ra
il tra
nspo
rt fu
els
at 7
per
cent
. At t
he s
ame
time,
the
join
t sh
are
of “
adva
nced
” fu
els
(defi
ned
as fu
els
with
a lo
wer
impa
ct o
n la
nd u
se),
was
te-b
ased
bio
fuel
s,
rene
wab
le e
lect
ricity
and
fuel
s of
non
-bio
logi
cal o
rigin
sho
uld
amou
nt to
at l
east
1.5
per
cent
in 2
021,
ris
ing
to 1
0 pe
rcen
t in
203
0. F
urth
erm
ore,
EU
law
mak
ers
prop
osed
to
rem
ove,
by
2021
, pal
m o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l fro
m th
e lis
t of b
iofu
els
that
cou
nt to
war
ds th
e bl
oc’s
rene
wab
le fu
el ta
rget
s (w
hile
all
othe
r veg
etab
le o
ils c
ould
be
used
as
feed
stoc
k un
til 2
030)
. Lik
ely
mar
king
the
end
of th
e EU
’s pa
lm-
base
d di
esel
impo
rts, t
he la
tter p
ropo
sal a
ttrac
ted
stro
ng c
ritic
ism
from
pal
m o
il pro
duci
ng c
ount
ries
in
Sout
heas
t Asi
a. A
s fo
r the
blo
c’s
over
all r
enew
able
ene
rgy
targ
ets,
the
Parli
amen
t’s p
ropo
sal e
nvis
ages
th
at, b
y 20
30, a
min
imum
of 3
5 pe
rcen
t of t
otal
ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion
com
es fr
om re
new
able
sou
rces
, w
hile
the
shar
e of
rene
wab
les
in tr
ansp
ort s
houl
d be
at l
east
12
perc
ent.
Mor
eove
r, en
ergy
effi
cien
cy
wou
ld n
eed
to b
e ra
ised
by
35 p
erce
nt. T
he fi
nal s
hape
of t
he E
U’s
RED
will
only
em
erge
afte
r trip
artit
e ne
gotia
tions
hav
e ta
ken
plac
e be
twee
n th
e Pa
rliam
ent,
the
Com
mis
sion
and
the
Cou
ncil
of M
inis
ters
(s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Dec
.’16,
Jun
e’17
& J
an.’1
8).
66BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an
Uni
onJu
neBi
odie
sel
In m
id-J
une,
the
EU’s
Parli
amen
t, C
ounc
il and
Com
mis
sion
reac
hed
a pr
ovis
iona
l, in
form
al a
gree
men
t re
gard
ing
the
bloc
’s re
new
able
ene
rgy
polic
y af
ter 2
020.
The
pac
kage
, whi
ch is
par
t of a
bro
ader
pol
icy
aim
ed a
t red
ucin
g th
e bl
oc’s
GH
G e
mis
sion
leve
ls c
ompr
ises
: i) b
indi
ng o
vera
ll an
d se
ctor
-spe
cific
ta
rget
s fo
r ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y us
e; ii)
cap
s on
the
amou
nt o
f cro
p-ba
sed
(or ‘
first
gen
erat
ion’
) bio
fuel
s in
tra
nspo
rt at
202
0 le
vels
, with
a m
axim
um o
f 7 p
erce
nt; i
ii) am
bitio
us a
nd b
indi
ng ta
rget
s fo
r ‘ad
vanc
ed’
biof
uels
; iv)
sig
nific
ant,
man
dato
ry p
rese
nce
of w
aste
-bas
ed b
iofu
els,
suc
h as
use
d co
okin
g oi
l and
an
imal
fats
; and
v) a
free
ze o
n th
e us
e of
bio
fuel
s th
at b
ring
abou
t stro
ng in
dire
ct la
nd u
se c
hang
es
(ILU
C) a
t 201
9 le
vels
, with
a m
anda
tory
pha
se-o
ut b
y en
d-20
30. W
ith re
gard
to th
e la
tter p
oint
, the
Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on h
as b
een
assi
gned
the
resp
onsi
bilit
y to
dev
elop
– b
y Fe
brua
ry 2
019
– a
prec
ise
met
hodo
logy
to d
efine
the
‘gre
en c
rede
ntia
ls’ o
f ind
ivid
ual b
iofu
els,
so
as to
dis
tingu
ish
high
-ris
k IL
UC
bi
ofue
ls p
rodu
ced
on h
igh
carb
on-s
tock
land
from
oth
ers
prod
uced
with
low
er ri
sk o
f cau
sing
adv
erse
eff
ects
. Whi
le it
rem
ains
to b
e se
en h
ow in
divi
dual
bio
fuel
feed
stoc
k w
ill be
affe
cted
und
er th
e ne
w
clas
sific
atio
n, M
alay
sia
and
Indo
nesi
a st
ated
that
they
wou
ld c
onsi
der r
etal
iato
ry m
easu
res
in c
ase
palm
oil-
base
d fu
el fe
ll un
der t
he ‘h
igh-
ILU
C/lo
w s
usta
inab
ility’
cat
egor
y, ad
ding
that
they
con
side
r th
e EU
’s en
visa
ged
mea
sure
s ar
e di
scrim
inat
ory.
Mea
nwhi
le, t
he tw
o pa
lm o
il pr
oduc
ers
inte
nsifi
ed
thei
r effo
rts to
iden
tify
new
mar
kets
for t
heir
biof
uel e
xpor
ts. F
urth
erm
ore,
repr
esen
tativ
es fr
om th
e EU
bio
fuel
indu
stry
que
stio
ned
the
ratio
nale
for r
estri
ctin
g th
e co
ntrib
utio
n of
thos
e fir
st g
ener
atio
n bi
ofue
ls th
at c
an b
e pr
oduc
ed in
a s
usta
inab
le m
anne
r. Th
e te
xt o
f the
new
EU
dire
ctiv
e st
ill ha
s to
be
form
ally
app
rove
d by
the
Euro
pean
Par
liam
ent a
nd th
e C
ounc
il, fo
llow
ing
whi
ch th
e bl
oc’s
mem
ber
stat
es w
ould
hav
e 18
mon
ths
to tr
ansp
ose
the
dire
ctiv
e in
to n
atio
nal l
aw.
67BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an
Uni
onN
ovem
ber–
Dece
mbe
rBi
ofue
lsTh
e EU
’s C
ounc
il an
d Pa
rliam
ent h
ave
form
ally
app
rove
d ke
y ch
apte
rs o
f the
blo
c’s
bioe
nerg
y po
licy
refo
rm, i
nclu
ding
the
plan
to p
hase
-out
, by
2030
, the
con
sum
ptio
n of
cro
p-ba
sed
biof
uels
that
brin
g ab
out s
trong
indi
rect
land
use
cha
nges
(see
also
MPP
U A
ug.’1
8).
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 15
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*65
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Euro
pean
U
nion
Janu
ary
Biod
iese
lW
ith r
egar
d to
the
pen
ding
ref
orm
of
the
EU’s
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y Di
rect
ive
(RED
), th
e Eu
rope
an
Parli
amen
t vot
ed in
favo
ur o
f a p
ropo
sal t
hat w
ould
free
ze p
rodu
ctio
n of
cro
p-ba
sed
biof
uels
at 2
017
leve
ls, w
hile
cap
ping
thei
r sha
re in
tota
l roa
d/ra
il tra
nspo
rt fu
els
at 7
per
cent
. At t
he s
ame
time,
the
join
t sh
are
of “
adva
nced
” fu
els
(defi
ned
as fu
els
with
a lo
wer
impa
ct o
n la
nd u
se),
was
te-b
ased
bio
fuel
s,
rene
wab
le e
lect
ricity
and
fuel
s of
non
-bio
logi
cal o
rigin
sho
uld
amou
nt to
at l
east
1.5
per
cent
in 2
021,
ris
ing
to 1
0 pe
rcen
t in
203
0. F
urth
erm
ore,
EU
law
mak
ers
prop
osed
to
rem
ove,
by
2021
, pal
m o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l fro
m th
e lis
t of b
iofu
els
that
cou
nt to
war
ds th
e bl
oc’s
rene
wab
le fu
el ta
rget
s (w
hile
all
othe
r veg
etab
le o
ils c
ould
be
used
as
feed
stoc
k un
til 2
030)
. Lik
ely
mar
king
the
end
of th
e EU
’s pa
lm-
base
d di
esel
impo
rts, t
he la
tter p
ropo
sal a
ttrac
ted
stro
ng c
ritic
ism
from
pal
m o
il pro
duci
ng c
ount
ries
in
Sout
heas
t Asi
a. A
s fo
r the
blo
c’s
over
all r
enew
able
ene
rgy
targ
ets,
the
Parli
amen
t’s p
ropo
sal e
nvis
ages
th
at, b
y 20
30, a
min
imum
of 3
5 pe
rcen
t of t
otal
ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion
com
es fr
om re
new
able
sou
rces
, w
hile
the
shar
e of
rene
wab
les
in tr
ansp
ort s
houl
d be
at l
east
12
perc
ent.
Mor
eove
r, en
ergy
effi
cien
cy
wou
ld n
eed
to b
e ra
ised
by
35 p
erce
nt. T
he fi
nal s
hape
of t
he E
U’s
RED
will
only
em
erge
afte
r trip
artit
e ne
gotia
tions
hav
e ta
ken
plac
e be
twee
n th
e Pa
rliam
ent,
the
Com
mis
sion
and
the
Cou
ncil
of M
inis
ters
(s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Dec
.’16,
Jun
e’17
& J
an.’1
8).
66BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an
Uni
onJu
neBi
odie
sel
In m
id-J
une,
the
EU’s
Parli
amen
t, C
ounc
il and
Com
mis
sion
reac
hed
a pr
ovis
iona
l, in
form
al a
gree
men
t re
gard
ing
the
bloc
’s re
new
able
ene
rgy
polic
y af
ter 2
020.
The
pac
kage
, whi
ch is
par
t of a
bro
ader
pol
icy
aim
ed a
t red
ucin
g th
e bl
oc’s
GH
G e
mis
sion
leve
ls c
ompr
ises
: i) b
indi
ng o
vera
ll an
d se
ctor
-spe
cific
ta
rget
s fo
r ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y us
e; ii)
cap
s on
the
amou
nt o
f cro
p-ba
sed
(or ‘
first
gen
erat
ion’
) bio
fuel
s in
tra
nspo
rt at
202
0 le
vels
, with
a m
axim
um o
f 7 p
erce
nt; i
ii) am
bitio
us a
nd b
indi
ng ta
rget
s fo
r ‘ad
vanc
ed’
biof
uels
; iv)
sig
nific
ant,
man
dato
ry p
rese
nce
of w
aste
-bas
ed b
iofu
els,
suc
h as
use
d co
okin
g oi
l and
an
imal
fats
; and
v) a
free
ze o
n th
e us
e of
bio
fuel
s th
at b
ring
abou
t stro
ng in
dire
ct la
nd u
se c
hang
es
(ILU
C) a
t 201
9 le
vels
, with
a m
anda
tory
pha
se-o
ut b
y en
d-20
30. W
ith re
gard
to th
e la
tter p
oint
, the
Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on h
as b
een
assi
gned
the
resp
onsi
bilit
y to
dev
elop
– b
y Fe
brua
ry 2
019
– a
prec
ise
met
hodo
logy
to d
efine
the
‘gre
en c
rede
ntia
ls’ o
f ind
ivid
ual b
iofu
els,
so
as to
dis
tingu
ish
high
-ris
k IL
UC
bi
ofue
ls p
rodu
ced
on h
igh
carb
on-s
tock
land
from
oth
ers
prod
uced
with
low
er ri
sk o
f cau
sing
adv
erse
eff
ects
. Whi
le it
rem
ains
to b
e se
en h
ow in
divi
dual
bio
fuel
feed
stoc
k w
ill be
affe
cted
und
er th
e ne
w
clas
sific
atio
n, M
alay
sia
and
Indo
nesi
a st
ated
that
they
wou
ld c
onsi
der r
etal
iato
ry m
easu
res
in c
ase
palm
oil-
base
d fu
el fe
ll un
der t
he ‘h
igh-
ILU
C/lo
w s
usta
inab
ility’
cat
egor
y, ad
ding
that
they
con
side
r th
e EU
’s en
visa
ged
mea
sure
s ar
e di
scrim
inat
ory.
Mea
nwhi
le, t
he tw
o pa
lm o
il pr
oduc
ers
inte
nsifi
ed
thei
r effo
rts to
iden
tify
new
mar
kets
for t
heir
biof
uel e
xpor
ts. F
urth
erm
ore,
repr
esen
tativ
es fr
om th
e EU
bio
fuel
indu
stry
que
stio
ned
the
ratio
nale
for r
estri
ctin
g th
e co
ntrib
utio
n of
thos
e fir
st g
ener
atio
n bi
ofue
ls th
at c
an b
e pr
oduc
ed in
a s
usta
inab
le m
anne
r. Th
e te
xt o
f the
new
EU
dire
ctiv
e st
ill ha
s to
be
form
ally
app
rove
d by
the
Euro
pean
Par
liam
ent a
nd th
e C
ounc
il, fo
llow
ing
whi
ch th
e bl
oc’s
mem
ber
stat
es w
ould
hav
e 18
mon
ths
to tr
ansp
ose
the
dire
ctiv
e in
to n
atio
nal l
aw.
67BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SEu
rope
an
Uni
onN
ovem
ber–
Dece
mbe
rBi
ofue
lsTh
e EU
’s C
ounc
il an
d Pa
rliam
ent h
ave
form
ally
app
rove
d ke
y ch
apte
rs o
f the
blo
c’s
bioe
nerg
y po
licy
refo
rm, i
nclu
ding
the
plan
to p
hase
-out
, by
2030
, the
con
sum
ptio
n of
cro
p-ba
sed
biof
uels
that
brin
g ab
out s
trong
indi
rect
land
use
cha
nges
(see
also
MPP
U A
ug.’1
8).
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*68
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Indi
aJu
neBi
odie
sel
Indi
a’s
rece
ntly
rele
ased
Nat
iona
l Pol
icy
on B
iofu
els
envi
sage
s in
dica
tive
targ
ets
of 2
0 pe
rcen
t gas
olin
e bl
ends
for
eth
anol
and
5 p
erce
nt d
iese
l ble
nds
for
biod
iese
l by
2030
, whi
ch c
ompa
res
to c
urre
nt
pene
tratio
n ra
tes
of a
roun
d 3
perc
ent a
nd le
ss th
an 0
.2 p
erce
nt fo
r eth
anol
and
bio
dies
el re
spec
tivel
y. Ro
ad a
nd r
ail t
rans
port
is e
stim
ated
to a
ccou
nt fo
r ab
out h
alf o
f tot
al b
iodi
esel
con
sum
ptio
n, w
ith
off-ro
ad fa
rm tr
ansp
ort a
nd v
ario
us s
tatio
nary
and
por
tabl
e ap
plic
atio
ns a
ccou
ntin
g fo
r the
rem
aind
er.
Toda
y’s lo
w b
iodi
esel
pen
etra
tion
rate
is a
ttrib
uted
to
mul
tiple
con
stra
ints
, no
tabl
y th
e la
ck o
f a
dedi
cate
d, in
tegr
ated
sup
ply
chai
n, li
mite
d fe
edst
ock
avai
labi
lity,
and
rest
rictio
ns o
n im
ports
. Ind
ia’s
six
biod
iese
l pla
nts
hold
a c
ombi
ned
inst
alle
d ca
paci
ty o
f 574
000
tonn
es p
er y
ear,
whe
reas
act
ual
outp
ut in
201
8 is
est
imat
ed a
t mer
ely
165
000
tonn
es. C
urre
ntly,
the
mai
n fe
edst
ock
used
are
pal
m
stea
rin, U
CO
and
ani
mal
fats
. The
Gov
ernm
ent’s
new
bio
fuel
pol
icy
focu
ses
on fu
els
prod
uced
from
do
mes
tic ra
w m
ater
ials
. In
the
case
of b
iodi
esel
, the
reco
mm
ende
d fe
edst
ock
com
pris
e no
n-ed
ible
oi
lsee
ds, u
sed
cook
ing
oil (
UC
O),
anim
al ta
llow,
aci
d oi
ls a
nd a
lgae
. The
pol
icy
incl
udes
stri
ct ru
les
to p
reve
nt U
CO
fro
m r
e-en
terin
g th
e fo
od c
hain
and
env
isag
es t
he e
stab
lishm
ent
of a
ppro
pria
te
colle
ctio
n m
echa
nism
s to
inc
reas
e th
e su
pply
of
UC
O f
or b
iodi
esel
pro
duct
ion
(see
also
MPP
U
Aug.
’18)
. Mor
eove
r, it
reco
mm
ends
the
use
of w
aste
land
s an
d in
ter-c
ropp
ing
for f
eeds
tock
gen
erat
ion,
w
ith a
focu
s on
non
-edi
ble
oil b
earin
g tre
es a
nd c
rops
as
wel
l as
othe
r bio
mas
s, fo
r whi
ch s
uita
ble
supp
ly c
hain
mec
hani
sms
and
fair
pric
e m
echa
nism
s ar
e to
be
put i
n pl
ace.
With
rega
rd to
non
-edi
ble
oilc
rops
, tria
ls w
ith ja
troph
a cu
rcas
, an
oilp
lant
pro
mot
ed u
nder
Indi
a’s
Nat
iona
l Bio
dies
el M
issi
on,
have
giv
en r
ise
to m
ultip
le q
uest
ions
abo
ut t
he c
rop’
s ag
rono
mic
and
eco
nom
ic v
iabi
lity
(see
also
M
PPU
Jun
e’13
).
69BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SIn
dia
July
Biod
iese
l, us
ed
cook
ing
oil
The
Food
Saf
ety
and
Stan
dard
s Au
thor
ity o
f Ind
ia (F
SSAI
) ini
tiate
d di
scus
sion
s w
ith In
dia’
s Bi
odie
sel
Asso
ciat
ion
on s
ettin
g up
a s
yste
m f
or t
he c
olle
ctio
n of
use
d co
ckin
g oi
l and
its
conv
ersi
on in
to
biod
iese
l, lo
cal m
edia
repo
rted.
Priv
ate
sour
ces
estim
ated
that
, out
of 2
3 m
illion
tonn
es o
f coo
king
co
nsum
ed a
nnua
lly in
the
coun
try, u
p to
3 m
illion
cou
ld b
e re
cove
red
and
used
as
biod
iese
l fee
dsto
ck.
70BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SIn
done
sia
Febr
uary
Biod
iese
lTo
dat
e, g
over
nmen
t sub
sidi
es fo
r man
dato
ry sa
les o
f bio
dies
el (i.
e. d
iese
l ble
nds c
onta
inin
g 20
per
cent
of
pal
m o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l) ha
ve o
nly
been
mad
e av
aila
ble
to th
e en
ergy
sec
tor a
nd fo
r tra
nspo
rt fu
els
sold
to th
e pu
blic
thro
ugh
stat
e-ow
ned
com
pany
Per
tam
ina,
als
o kn
own
as P
ublic
Ser
vice
Obl
igat
ion
(PSO
) sal
es. A
ccor
ding
to
loca
l med
ia r
epor
ts, t
he G
over
nmen
t is
now
con
side
ring
to e
xpan
d th
e sc
ope
of it
s bi
odie
sel s
ubsi
dies
to th
e co
untry
’s m
inin
g in
dust
ry a
nd to
the
non-
PSO
sec
tor,
i.e. f
uels
so
ld t
hrou
gh p
rivat
e se
ctor
out
lets
. The
mov
e w
ould
be
part
of a
mbi
tious
pla
ns t
o fu
rther
exp
and
dom
estic
con
sum
ptio
n of
pal
m-b
iodi
esel
. Whi
le, f
or P
SO sa
les,
the
Gov
ernm
ent w
ould
con
tinue
to fu
lly
cove
r the
pric
e ga
p be
twee
n co
nven
tiona
l die
sel a
nd b
iodi
esel
, the
sub
sidy
for n
on-P
SO d
istri
buto
rs
coul
d be
cap
ped
at ID
R 4
000
per l
iter (
USD
0.2
9). R
epor
tedl
y, th
e G
over
nmen
t is
also
con
side
ring
to re
inst
ate
biod
iese
l ble
nds
in th
e co
untry
’s lo
com
otiv
e se
ctor
, whe
re m
anda
tory
ble
ndin
g ha
d be
en
susp
ende
d la
st y
ear f
ollo
win
g ca
ses
of e
ngin
e fa
ilure
. Bas
ed o
n re
cent
pos
itive
per
form
ance
test
s,
low
-con
cent
ratio
n bl
ends
(con
tain
ing
up to
5 p
erce
nt o
f bio
dies
el) m
ay b
e in
trodu
ced
in m
id-2
018.
16 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*71
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Indo
nesi
aM
arch
Biod
iese
lBi
odie
sel p
rodu
ctio
n w
ill co
ntin
ue to
enj
oy g
over
nmen
t sup
port
in In
done
sia.
In 2
018,
pro
duce
rs o
f pa
lm o
il-ba
sed
dies
el a
re s
et to
con
tinue
rece
ivin
g su
bsid
ies,
tied
to g
over
nmen
t effo
rts to
stim
ulat
e do
mes
tic d
eman
d fo
r pal
m o
il so
as
to p
reve
nt o
vers
uppl
y of
the
com
mod
ity a
nd s
tabi
lize
its p
rice
on
the
glob
al m
arke
t. Ac
cord
ing
to m
edia
repo
rts, o
ffici
al e
stim
ates
pla
ce d
omes
tic b
iodi
esel
con
sum
ptio
n at
3.0
6 m
illion
ton
nes
in 2
018,
com
pare
d to
2.2
4 m
illion
ton
nes
last
yea
r. Fu
rther
mor
e, n
ext
July,
m
anda
tory
bio
dies
el u
se is
set
to b
e ex
pand
ed to
incl
ude
the
min
ing
sect
or a
nd a
sta
te-o
wne
d ra
ilway
op
erat
or. A
nnua
l upt
ake
by th
e m
inin
g an
d lo
com
otiv
e se
ctor
wou
ld a
mou
nt to
abo
ut 5
00 0
00 to
nnes
, w
hile
roa
d tra
nspo
rtatio
n an
d po
wer
pla
nts
wou
ld a
bsor
b 2.
55 m
illion
ton
nes.
Ble
ndin
g ra
tes
will
rang
e be
twee
n 5
perc
ent
(loco
mot
ive)
, 10
per
cent
(min
ing)
and
20
perc
ent
(tran
spor
t an
d en
ergy
se
ctor
s). L
ong-
term
pla
ns to
rais
e do
mes
tic a
dmix
ture
leve
ls in
the
trans
porta
tion
and
ener
gy s
ecto
rs
to 3
0 pe
rcen
t are
uph
eld.
In th
e m
eant
ime,
als
o ex
ports
of b
iodi
esel
may
rise
, fol
low
ing
the
rece
nt
elim
inat
ion
of th
e EU
’s an
ti-du
mpi
ng d
utie
s on
Indo
nesi
an b
iodi
esel
.
72BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SIn
done
sia
May
Biod
iese
lFu
rther
to it
s re
cent
dec
isio
n to
ext
end
man
dato
ry b
iodi
esel
use
to th
e co
untry
’s m
inin
g an
d ra
ilway
se
ctor
, the
Indo
nesi
an G
over
nmen
t pla
ns to
requ
ire al
l die
sel fu
el so
ld in
the c
ount
ry to
cont
ain
biod
iese
l, st
artin
g 1
Sept
embe
r 201
8 (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Mar
. & A
pr.’1
8). W
hile
, cur
rent
ly, b
lend
ing
oblig
atio
ns o
nly
appl
y to
sub
sidi
zed
dies
el o
utle
ts, u
nder
the
new
rule
, fue
l pum
ps c
ount
ryw
ide
wou
ld o
nly
be a
llow
ed
to s
ell d
iese
l ble
nds
cont
aini
ng b
iodi
esel
. Bes
ides
allo
win
g In
done
sia
to lo
wer
its
min
eral
fuel
impo
rts
(and
thus
redu
ce th
e na
tion’
s cu
rrent
acc
ount
defi
cit),
the
envi
sage
d m
easu
re is
aim
ed a
t boo
stin
g do
mes
tic p
alm
oil
cons
umpt
ion,
the
reby
hel
ping
sta
biliz
e pa
lm o
il pr
ices
and
low
er t
he o
il pa
lm
indu
stry
’s de
pend
ence
on
the
expo
rt m
arke
t. M
oreo
ver,
the
biod
iese
l ind
ustry
’s ca
paci
ty u
tiliza
tion
rate
, whi
ch c
urre
ntly
is lin
gerin
g ar
ound
25
perc
ent,
wou
ld im
prov
e. R
epor
tedl
y, en
cour
aged
by
a m
ore
favo
urab
le m
iner
al o
il-to
-pal
m o
il pr
ice
ratio
, the
Gov
ernm
ent i
s al
so c
onsi
derin
g to
brin
g fo
rwar
d th
e pl
anne
d sh
ift in
the
coun
try’s
man
dato
ry b
lend
ing
rate
, fro
m 2
0 pe
rcen
t to
30 p
erce
nt, t
o 20
19 (i
.e.
one
year
ear
lier t
han
antic
ipat
ed) –
des
pite
resi
stan
ce fr
om b
oth
regu
lato
rs a
nd th
e au
tom
otiv
e an
d oi
l ind
ustri
es. F
urth
erm
ore,
the
Gov
ernm
ent s
tarte
d off
erin
g in
cent
ives
for t
he d
evel
opm
ent o
f a n
ew
100%
pal
m o
il-ba
sed
fuel
cal
led
“gre
en d
iese
l”. P
rodu
ced
usin
g hy
dro-
treat
ed v
eget
able
oils
, the
fu
el is
sai
d to
be
free
from
the
adve
rse
effec
ts fo
und
in e
ster
ifica
tion-
base
d bi
odie
sel (
see
also
MPP
U
Nov
.’15)
. With
rega
rd to
tota
l dom
estic
con
sum
ptio
n, th
e la
test
offi
cial
est
imat
es p
roje
ct n
ext y
ear’s
bi
odie
sel u
se a
t 5.3
–5.4
milli
on to
nnes
, com
pare
d to
est
imat
es fo
r 201
8 ra
ngin
g be
twee
n 2.
9 an
d 3.
5 m
illion
tonn
es. A
ctua
lly, a
ccor
ding
to o
bser
vers
, the
exi
stin
g B2
0 ta
rget
has
yet
to b
e m
et fu
lly. T
he
dela
y is
attr
ibut
ed to
logi
stic
al b
ottle
neck
s an
d to
pas
t gap
s be
twee
n m
iner
al o
il an
d pa
lm o
il pr
ices
, w
hich
redu
ced
the
effec
tiven
ess
of th
e fin
anci
al s
uppo
rt pr
ovid
ed to
the
indu
stry
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 17
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*73
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Indo
nesi
aSe
ptem
ber
Biod
iese
lIn
sup
port
of r
ecen
t m
easu
res
to f
oste
r do
mes
tic p
rodu
ctio
n an
d co
nsum
ptio
n of
pal
m o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l (se
e M
PPU
Aug
.’18)
, the
Gov
ernm
ent d
ecid
ed to
wid
en th
e ab
ility
of th
e co
untry
’s O
il Pa
lm
Esta
te F
und
to s
ubsi
dize
the
pric
e ga
p be
twee
n co
nven
tiona
l die
sel a
nd b
iodi
esel
(NB:
the
fund
was
se
t up
in 2
015
to c
olle
ct a
levy
on
each
ton
ne o
f cr
ude
palm
oil
expo
rted)
. Whi
le p
revi
ousl
y on
ly
sale
s in
volv
ing
stat
e-ow
ned
com
pani
es (s
o-ca
lled
PSO
sal
es –
see
MPP
U M
ar.’1
8) c
ould
ben
efit f
rom
su
bsid
ies,
now
ince
ntiv
es w
ill re
ach
all b
iodi
esel
man
ufac
ture
rs, t
here
by e
nsur
ing
unifo
rm p
ricin
g in
the
PSO
and
non
-PSO
sec
tor.
In th
e m
eant
ime,
offi
cial
sou
rces
repo
rted
that
, as
of m
id-S
epte
mbe
r, th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e na
tion-
wid
e B2
0 m
anda
te (i
.e. s
ales
of d
iese
l inc
ludi
ng 2
0 pe
rcen
t of b
iodi
esel
) ha
d re
ache
d 80
per
cent
of t
he G
over
nmen
t’s ta
rget
. Rep
orte
dly,
Perta
min
a –
the
coun
try’s
dom
inan
t, st
ate-
owne
d di
esel
dis
tribu
tor
– m
anag
ed t
o di
strib
ute
B20
biod
iese
l to
95
perc
ent
of i
ts p
etro
l st
atio
ns. R
each
ing
the
targ
et fu
lly w
ould
requ
ire o
verc
omin
g a
num
ber o
f out
stan
ding
logi
stic
al is
sues
, es
peci
ally
in t
he e
aste
rn p
art
of t
he c
ount
ry, m
arke
t ex
perts
sai
d. A
ccor
ding
to
offici
al e
stim
ates
, bi
odie
sel p
rodu
ctio
n co
uld
clim
b to
7 m
illion
met
ric to
nnes
nex
t yea
r – 4
0 pe
rcen
t hig
her t
han
the
5 m
illion
tonn
es e
stim
ate
prov
ided
for t
he c
urre
nt y
ear.
74BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SIn
done
sia
Dece
mbe
rBi
odie
sel
Acco
rdin
g to
med
ia re
ports
, afte
r las
t yea
r’s sh
ift to
20
perc
ent b
iodi
esel
ble
nds i
n th
e cou
ntry
’s tra
nspo
rt se
ctor
(see
MPP
U A
ug.’1
8), t
he G
over
nmen
t pla
ns to
furth
er b
oost
dom
estic
bio
dies
el c
onsu
mpt
ion,
w
ith th
e ai
m to
enh
ance
the
upta
ke o
f cru
de p
alm
oil a
mid
fluct
uatio
ns in
the
com
mod
ity’s
glob
al m
arke
t pr
ice.
In p
artic
ular
, the
via
bilit
y of
rais
ing
the
cont
ent o
f bio
dies
el in
fuel
s to
30
and
even
100
per
cent
is
bei
ng a
naly
sed.
In th
e m
eant
ime,
sta
te-o
wne
d oi
l com
pany
Per
tam
ina
is s
aid
to c
onsi
der s
ettin
g up
th
ree
new
bio
dies
el re
finer
ies.
75BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SRe
publ
ic o
f Ko
rea
Janu
ary
Biod
iese
lEff
ectiv
e Ja
nuar
y 20
18, t
he R
epub
lic o
f Kor
ea r
aise
d th
e m
anda
tory
incl
usio
n ra
te fo
r bi
odie
sel i
n tra
nspo
rtatio
n di
esel
from
2.5
per
cent
to 3
per
cent
. The
new
rate
is s
et to
rem
ain
in p
lace
unt
il en
d 20
20. D
omes
tic b
iodi
esel
out
put i
s ex
pect
ed to
incr
ease
acc
ordi
ngly
and
, with
it, t
he c
ount
ry’s
impo
rts
of p
alm
oil,
the
prim
ary
feed
stoc
k fo
r dom
estic
bio
dies
el p
rodu
ctio
n.
76BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SM
alay
sia
July
Biod
iese
lM
alay
sia’
s lo
ng-s
tand
ing
plan
to ra
ise
the
coun
try’s
man
dato
ry b
lend
ing
rate
for b
iodi
esel
is b
ack
on
the
agen
da. T
he p
lann
ed m
ove
from
B7
to B
10 (w
hich
wou
ld re
quire
tran
spor
t die
sel t
o be
mix
ed w
ith
10 ra
ther
than
7 p
erce
nt o
f pal
m o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l) ha
s be
en p
ostp
oned
sev
eral
tim
es, a
s la
rge
pric
e di
scou
nts
of m
iner
al o
il ov
er p
alm
oil
mad
e im
plem
enta
tion
of h
ighe
r m
anda
tes
cost
ly (s
ee M
PPU
De
c.’1
6). R
ecen
tly, h
owev
er, t
he p
rice
gap
betw
een
min
eral
oil
and
palm
oil
has
narro
wed
, mak
ing
high
er b
lend
ing
rate
s m
ore
viab
le. A
ccor
ding
to
offici
al s
ourc
es, t
he G
over
nmen
t co
uld
outli
ne it
s pl
ans
on h
ow to
impl
emen
t new
man
date
s by
the
end
of th
is y
ear.
Hig
her b
lend
ing
rate
s w
ould
allo
w
to re
duce
dom
estic
pal
m o
il su
pplie
s, h
ence
low
erin
g st
ocks
and
sup
porti
ng p
rices
. The
cou
ntry
’s bi
odie
sel i
ndus
try c
onfir
med
that
it c
ould
rais
e ou
tput
any
time,
as
prod
ucer
s ar
e cu
rrent
ly o
pera
ting
wel
l bel
ow in
stal
led
capa
city
.
77BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SM
alay
sia
Nov
embe
rBi
odie
sel
Ackn
owle
dgin
g th
e re
cent
nar
row
ing
in th
e ga
p be
twee
n pa
lm o
il and
min
eral
oil p
rices
, the
Mal
aysi
an
Gov
ernm
ent d
ecid
ed to
impl
emen
t its
long
-sta
ndin
g pl
an to
rais
e th
e co
untry
’s m
anda
tory
ble
ndin
g ra
te fo
r bio
dies
el (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Aug
.’18)
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
new
pol
icy
– w
hich
wou
ld re
quire
tran
spor
t di
esel
to
be m
ixed
with
10
rath
er t
han
7 pe
rcen
t of
pal
m o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l – w
ill be
pha
sed
in
from
1 D
ecem
ber 2
018,
with
man
dato
ry b
lend
ing
taki
ng e
ffect
on
1 Fe
brua
ry 2
019.
In a
dditi
on to
the
com
puls
ory
10 p
erce
nt-b
lend
s in
the
tra
nspo
rt se
ctor
, a 7
per
cent
ble
ndin
g ra
te is
set
to
beco
me
man
dato
ry f
or t
he in
dust
rial s
ecto
r fro
m J
uly
of n
ext
year
. Th
e m
easu
res
are
expe
cted
to
boos
t do
mes
tic d
eman
d fo
r pal
m o
il an
d su
ppor
t the
oil’s
pric
e, w
hich
, due
to la
rge
dom
estic
inve
ntor
ies,
ha
s dr
oppe
d to
mul
ti-ye
ar lo
ws.
18 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*78
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Thai
land
Mar
chBi
odie
sel
With
a v
iew
to s
uppo
rt oi
l pal
m g
row
ers
affec
ted
by d
epre
ssed
pric
es (s
tem
min
g fro
m b
urde
nsom
e do
mes
tic s
uppl
ies)
, the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Tha
iland
is p
lann
ing
to ra
ise
man
dato
ry b
lend
ing
of p
alm
oil-
base
d bi
odie
sel in
the
auto
mot
ive
and
railw
ay s
ecto
rs fr
om 7
per
cent
to 1
0 pe
rcen
t. Pe
rform
ance
test
s of
the
high
er b
lend
s ar
e cu
rrent
ly b
eing
con
duct
ed w
ith s
uppo
rt fro
m th
e in
dust
ry. A
ccor
ding
to th
e pr
ess,
the
shift
to th
e hi
gher
ble
ndin
g ra
te is
env
isag
ed fo
r ear
ly n
ext y
ear.
In re
cent
yea
rs, t
he c
ount
ry
has
seen
repe
ated
adj
ustm
ents
in m
anda
ted
rate
s –
both
upw
ard
and
dow
nwar
d –
as th
e G
over
nmen
t st
rived
to s
tabi
lize
dom
estic
pal
m o
il pr
ices
(see
MPP
U S
ep.’1
6, A
ug.’1
7 &
Jan.
’18)
.
79BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
STu
rkey
Janu
ary
Biod
iese
lO
n 1
Janu
ary
2018
, man
dato
ry b
lend
ing
of tr
ansp
ort d
iese
l with
0.5
per
cent
bio
dies
el h
as b
ecom
e eff
ectiv
e na
tion-
wid
e. B
ased
on
dom
estic
die
sel c
onsu
mpt
ion
of a
bout
22.
3 m
illion
tonn
es, b
iodi
esel
up
take
wou
ld a
mou
nt t
o ap
prox
imat
ely
115
000
tonn
es p
er y
ear.
Repo
rtedl
y, re
finer
s ac
quiri
ng
biod
iese
l wou
ld b
e en
title
d to
exc
ise
duty
exe
mpt
ions
. The
cou
ntry
’s in
stal
led
biod
iese
l pro
duct
ion
capa
city
is re
porte
d at
235
000
tonn
es.
80BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
Sth
e U
nite
d Ki
ngdo
m o
f G
reat
Brit
ain
and
Nor
ther
n Ire
land
April
Biod
iese
lO
n 15
Apr
il, a
num
ber o
f cha
nges
in th
e U
K’s
Rene
wab
le T
rans
port
Fuel
Obl
igat
ion
(RTF
O) h
ave
com
e in
to e
ffect
. Tra
nspo
rt fu
el m
anuf
actu
rers
will
be re
quire
d to
gua
rant
ee b
iofu
el b
lend
ing
rate
s of
at l
east
9.
75 p
erce
nt a
nd 1
2.4
perc
ent i
n, re
spec
tivel
y, 20
20 a
nd 2
032
– co
mpa
red
to th
e pr
esen
t tar
get o
f 4.
75 p
erce
nt. A
t the
sam
e tim
e, th
e ne
w le
gisl
atio
n es
tabl
ishe
s a
4 pe
rcen
t cap
on
the
cont
ribut
ion
of
crop
-bas
ed (o
r ‘fir
st g
ener
atio
n’) b
iofu
els
until
202
1, a
fter w
hich
thre
shol
ds o
f 3 p
erce
nt a
nd 2
per
cent
w
ill ap
ply
in, r
espe
ctiv
ely,
2026
and
203
2. R
FTO
will
also
, for
the
first
tim
e, s
uppo
rt an
d re
war
d th
e pr
oduc
tion
of s
usta
inab
le re
new
able
avi
atio
n fu
el.
81BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Febr
uary
Biod
iese
lTh
e U
.S. C
ongr
ess
pass
ed a
one
-yea
r ext
ensi
on o
f the
USD
1 p
er g
allo
n ta
x cr
edit
gran
ted
to b
iodi
esel
bl
ende
rs, w
hich
had
exp
ired
on 3
1 De
cem
ber 2
016.
The
retro
activ
e ex
tens
ion
to 2
017
will
trigg
er a
ca
sh tr
ansf
er o
f app
roxi
mat
ely
USD
2.6
milli
on to
the
US
biod
iese
l sup
ply
chai
n, m
atch
ing
last
yea
rs’
biod
iese
l mar
ket o
f 2.6
milli
on g
allo
ns. T
he U
.S. b
iodi
esel
indu
stry
had
sou
ght a
n ex
tens
ion
of th
e 12
-ye
ar o
ld s
ubsi
dy th
roug
h th
e cu
rrent
yea
r (20
18) a
nd p
ossi
bly
beyo
nd. T
he in
dust
ry h
ad a
lso
urge
d la
wm
aker
s to
con
vert
the
blen
ders
cre
dit i
nto
a do
mes
tic p
rodu
cers
cre
dit,
in a
bid
to p
reve
nt fo
reig
n bi
odie
sel f
rom
qua
lifyi
ng fo
r the
sub
sidy
(see
MPP
U J
une’
17).
82BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Febr
uary
Biod
iese
lTh
e U
.S.
Depa
rtmen
t of
Ene
rgy
deci
ded
to s
uppo
rt re
sear
ch o
n th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
enh
ance
d su
garc
ane
and
elep
hant
gra
ss (
misc
anth
us f
uscu
s),
in a
bid
to
cont
ribut
e to
effo
rts t
o id
entif
y al
tern
ativ
e fe
edst
ock
for t
he p
rodu
ctio
n of
tran
spor
t bio
dies
el a
nd a
viat
ion
fuel
. Rep
orte
dly,
a te
am
of re
sear
cher
s is
wor
king
on
rais
ing
the
oil c
onte
nt in
the
stem
of t
he tw
o cr
ops
to 2
0 pe
rcen
t, us
ing
gene
tic e
ngin
eerin
g te
chni
ques
. Alle
gedl
y, if
fully
suc
cess
ful,
the
targ
eted
cro
ps w
ould
pro
duce
up
to
15 ti
mes
mor
e bi
odie
sel p
er u
nit o
f lan
d co
mpa
red
to s
oybe
ans.
83BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
May
Biod
iese
lFr
om 1
May
, the
sta
te o
f Min
neso
ta re
quire
s pe
trole
um d
iese
l to
be b
lend
ed w
ith 2
0 pe
rcen
t bio
dies
el
durin
g th
e Ap
ril–S
epte
mbe
r per
iod
– ex
actly
dou
ble
the
prev
ious
ble
ndin
g re
quire
men
t of 1
0 pe
rcen
t. Du
ring
the
win
ter m
onth
s, th
e m
anda
te is
set
to re
vert
back
to 5
per
cent
. To
impl
emen
t the
hig
her
requ
irem
ents
, sta
te o
ffici
als
mus
t ens
ure
that
the
follo
win
g co
nditi
ons
are
met
: suffi
cien
t fee
dsto
ck
supp
ly; a
dequ
ate
blen
ding
infra
stru
ctur
e; a
nd th
e ex
iste
nce
of ta
ilore
d fu
el s
tand
ards
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 19
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*84
BIO
FUEL
PO
LIC
IES
Uni
ted
Stat
esJu
neBi
odie
sel
The
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Agen
cy (E
PA) p
ropo
sed
its ta
rget
for
‘bio
mas
s-ba
sed
dies
el’ i
n 20
20
(see
also
MPP
U D
ec.’1
7). T
he p
ropo
sed
2.43
billi
on g
allo
ns b
lend
ing
man
date
com
pare
s to
a v
olum
e of
2.1
billi
on g
allo
ns a
pplie
d in
bot
h 20
18 a
nd 2
019.
Fur
ther
mor
e, E
PA p
ropo
sed
a 20
19 ta
rget
for t
he
‘adv
ance
d bi
ofue
l’ cat
egor
y – fo
r whi
ch b
iodi
esel
als
o qu
alifi
es –
of 4
.88
billio
n ga
llons
, whi
ch c
ompa
res
to a
201
8 m
anda
te o
f 4.2
9 bi
llion
gallo
ns. T
he p
ropo
sed
incr
ease
s w
ould
lead
to ri
sing
dem
and
for
soyb
ean
oil a
nd o
ther
bio
dies
el fe
edst
ock.
As
for t
he o
ther
bio
fuel
cat
egor
ies,
EPA
pro
pose
d to
kee
p th
e 20
19 ta
rget
for ‘
conv
entio
nal b
iofu
el’ (
mos
tly e
than
ol d
eriv
ed fr
om m
aize
sta
rch)
froz
en a
t 201
5 le
vels
, whi
le s
igni
fican
tly ra
isin
g m
anda
tory
ble
ndin
g of
‘cel
lulo
sic
biof
uel’.
EPA
’s de
adlin
e fo
r iss
uing
th
e fin
al v
olum
es is
30
Nov
embe
r. Re
gard
ing
the
prop
osal
for
biom
ass-
base
d di
esel
, the
cou
ntry
’s bi
odie
sel p
rodu
cers
had
cal
led
for a
202
0 vo
lum
e of
at l
east
2.8
billi
on g
allo
ns. T
he in
dust
ry a
lso
urge
d EP
A to
redu
ce th
e un
certa
inty
it c
ause
d by
issu
ing
retro
activ
e sm
all-r
efine
r har
dshi
p ex
empt
ions
. In
this
re
gard
, the
Nat
iona
l Bio
dies
el B
oard
est
imat
ed th
at th
e ex
empt
ions
gra
nted
in 2
016
and
2017
redu
ced
actu
al d
eman
d fo
r bio
dies
el b
y 37
5 m
illion
gal
lons
. How
ever
, EPA
has
dec
ided
aga
inst
real
loca
ting
exem
pt v
olum
es.
85BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Nov
embe
rBi
odie
sel
The
U.S
. En
viro
nmen
tal
Prot
ectio
n Ag
ency
(EP
A) fi
naliz
ed t
he b
iofu
el b
lend
ing
oblig
atio
ns f
or
2019
. C
ompa
red
to t
he p
revi
ousl
y pr
opos
ed t
arge
ts (
see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
7 &
Aug.
’18)
, th
e vo
lum
e fo
r th
e ‘a
dvan
ced
biof
uel’
cate
gory
– u
nder
whi
ch b
iodi
esel
qua
lifies
– h
as b
een
rais
ed s
light
ly
(from
4.8
8 b
illion
gal
lons
to 4
.92
billio
n ga
llons
), w
hile
the
requ
irem
ents
for ‘
conv
entio
nal b
iofu
el’ a
nd
‘bio
mas
s-ba
sed
biod
iese
l’ ha
ve b
een
left
unch
ange
d. B
iodi
esel
indu
stry
repr
esen
tativ
es m
aint
aine
d th
at t
he n
ew s
tand
ards
fal
l sho
rt of
the
atta
inab
le p
rodu
ctio
n le
vels
. Fu
rther
mor
e, E
PA o
pted
not
to
rea
lloca
te b
lend
ing
oblig
atio
ns p
revi
ousl
y w
aive
d un
der
the
agen
cy’s
smal
l refi
nery
exe
mpt
ion
prog
ram
me,
thus
not
sat
isfy
ing
calls
mad
e by
bot
h bi
ofue
l pro
duce
rs a
nd fa
rmer
s gr
oups
.
86BI
OFU
EL P
OLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
Nov
embe
rBi
odie
sel
The
USD
1 p
er g
allo
n ta
x cr
edit
tradi
tiona
lly a
ccor
ded
to b
iodi
esel
ble
nder
s ex
pire
d ba
ck in
Dec
embe
r 20
17 (s
ee M
PPU
Mar
.’18)
. In
this
reg
ard,
the
Low
er H
ouse
is c
urre
ntly
rev
iew
ing
a pr
opos
al f
or a
lo
ng-te
rm e
xten
sion
of t
he in
cent
ive.
Ove
r the
pas
t five
yea
rs, C
ongr
ess
allo
wed
the
tax
ince
ntiv
e to
ex
pire
, eve
ntua
lly g
rant
ing
retro
activ
e on
e-ye
ar e
xten
sion
s. In
dust
ry re
pres
enta
tives
long
adv
ocat
ed
for a
mul
ti-ye
ar re
new
al to
pro
vide
cer
tain
ty a
nd p
redi
ctab
ility
for p
rodu
cers
and
feed
stoc
k su
pplie
rs.
87TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Chi
naJa
nuar
y–Fe
brua
rySo
ybea
nsO
n 1
Janu
ary
2018
, stri
cter
sta
ndar
ds f
or im
ports
of
raw,
unp
roce
ssed
soy
bean
s fro
m t
he U
nite
d St
ates
hav
e ta
ken
effec
t (se
e M
PPU
Jan
.’18)
. Und
er th
e ne
w p
roce
dure
, USD
A’s
Anim
al a
nd P
lant
H
ealth
Insp
ectio
n se
rvic
e is
exp
ecte
d to
not
ify C
hina
whe
n a
ship
men
t exc
eeds
1%
of f
orei
gn m
ater
ial.
All U
S so
y co
nsig
nmen
ts, i
nclu
ding
thos
e ex
ceed
ing
the
thre
shol
d, w
ill be
allo
wed
to e
nter
the
coun
try
whi
le th
e U
.S. s
ets
up p
roce
dure
s to
mee
t the
new
requ
irem
ent.
How
ever
, the
new
rule
s co
uld
enta
il ad
ditio
nal p
roce
ssin
g at
Chi
nese
por
ts to
rem
ove
impu
ritie
s, h
ence
rais
ing
tota
l shi
pmen
t cos
ts. I
n Fe
brua
ry, U
SDA
issu
ed g
uide
lines
for U
S gr
ower
s an
d ex
porte
rs o
n ho
w to
redu
ce w
eed
pres
ence
in
soyb
ean
cons
ignm
ents
by
adop
ting
a se
t of s
trict
pro
duct
ion
and
hand
ling
prac
tices
.
20 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*88
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Impo
rt m
easu
res
- no
n-ta
riff
Chi
naAu
gust
–N
ovem
ber
Soyb
ean,
so
ymea
l, so
yoil,
ra
pese
ed m
eal,
fishm
eal,
fisho
il
Trad
e m
itiga
tion:
C
hina
’s st
ate-
owne
d gr
ain
corp
orat
ion
Sino
grai
n an
d go
vern
men
t offi
cial
s fro
m
Arge
ntin
a ag
reed
to in
crea
se C
hina
’s im
ports
of A
rgen
tine
soym
eal a
nd s
oyoi
l, pe
ndin
g in
spec
tions
of
Arge
ntin
e cr
ushi
ng fa
cilit
ies
by C
hine
se o
ffici
als.
With
a v
iew
to d
iver
sify
sou
rces
of p
rote
in fo
r use
in
anim
al fe
ed, t
he C
hine
se G
over
nmen
t als
o ap
prov
ed th
e re
sum
ptio
n of
rape
seed
mea
l im
ports
from
In
dia
(whi
ch h
ad b
een
bann
ed in
201
1 ov
er q
ualit
y co
ncer
ns),
subj
ect t
o in
spec
tion
and
quar
antin
e re
quire
men
ts.
Chi
na a
nd I
ndia
als
o si
gned
an
agre
emen
t al
low
ing
Chi
nese
offi
cial
s to
ins
pect
im
ports
of I
ndia
n fis
hmea
l and
fish
oil.
Furth
erm
ore,
Chi
nese
cus
tom
s au
thor
ities
app
rove
d im
ports
of
rap
esee
dmea
l fro
m K
azak
hsta
n. M
oreo
ver,
Chi
nese
gov
ernm
ent
offici
als
cond
ucte
d ta
lks
with
Br
azilia
n so
y pr
oces
sors
with
rega
rd to
pos
sibl
e im
ports
of B
razil
ian
soym
eal a
t pre
fere
ntia
l con
ditio
ns.
On
the
sam
e su
bjec
t, ea
rlier
this
yea
r, C
hina
i) s
tarte
d al
low
ing
soym
eal i
mpo
rts fr
om E
thio
pia,
and
ii)
agre
ed to
impo
rt sh
elle
d su
nflow
erse
ed fr
om B
ulga
ria. A
ll of
the
abov
e m
easu
res
have
bee
n lin
ked
to C
hine
se e
fforts
to
miti
gate
the
impa
ct o
f C
hina
’s re
talia
tory
tax
on
U.S
. soy
bean
s on
dom
estic
m
arke
ts, w
hile
redu
cing
the
coun
try’s
relia
nce
on im
porte
d so
ybea
ns fo
r fee
d.
89TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Chi
naDe
cem
ber
Soyb
eans
, se
lect
ed p
rote
in
mea
l
Trad
e m
itiga
tion:
The
Chi
nese
Gov
ernm
ent i
ntro
duce
d ad
ditio
nal m
easu
res
to m
itiga
te th
e im
pact
of
its re
talia
tory
impo
rt ta
riff o
n U
.S. s
oybe
ans
on th
e do
mes
tic m
arke
t (se
e al
so M
PPU
Dec
.’18)
. The
G
over
nmen
t ann
ounc
ed p
lans
to re
mov
e, fr
om 1
Jan
uary
201
9, im
port
tariff
s on
mea
ls th
at c
an re
plac
e so
ybea
n m
eal i
n an
imal
feed
, not
ably
mea
l obt
aine
d fro
m ra
pese
ed, c
otto
nsee
d, s
unflo
wer
seed
and
pa
lm k
erne
l. Fu
rther
mor
e, to
incr
ease
the
dive
rsity
of i
ts s
oybe
an s
uppl
y or
igin
s, im
ports
of s
oybe
ans
from
Bol
ivia
hav
e be
en a
llow
ed. M
oreo
ver,
follo
win
g th
e st
art o
f a n
ew ro
und
of tr
ade
talk
s w
ith th
e U
nite
d St
ates
(aim
ed a
t res
olvi
ng th
e tw
o co
untri
es’ c
ontro
vers
ies
by 1
Mar
ch 2
019)
, Chi
na’s
stat
e-ow
ned
ente
rpris
es h
ave
been
dire
cted
to re
sum
e pu
rcha
ses
of U
.S. s
oybe
ans.
To d
ate,
acq
uisi
tions
of
arou
nd 2
.3 m
illion
tonn
es h
ave
been
con
firm
ed. C
omm
erci
al U
.S. s
oybe
an im
ports
, how
ever
, rem
aine
d ni
l, gi
ven
that
Chi
na’s
25 p
erce
nt re
talia
tory
impo
rt ta
riff re
mai
ned
in p
lace
.
90TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
nDe
cem
ber
Sunfl
ower
oil
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f the
Rus
sian
Fed
erat
ion
expa
nded
an
exis
ting
ban
on g
oods
impo
rted
from
Ukr
aine
. Re
porte
dly,
the
mov
e ha
s co
me
in re
spon
se to
a re
cent
ly p
rolo
nged
Ukr
aini
an e
mba
rgo
on R
ussi
an
prod
ucts
. The
goo
ds ta
rget
ed u
nder
the
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n’s
ban
incl
ude
sunfl
ower
oil.
91TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Im
port
mea
sure
s -
non-
tariff
Viet
Nam
Sept
embe
rSo
ybea
ns,
whe
atTh
e U
.S. G
over
nmen
t rep
orte
d th
at it
rece
ived
non
-com
plia
nce
notifi
catio
ns fr
om V
iet N
am’s
Min
istry
of
Agr
icul
ture
reg
ardi
ng w
heat
and
soy
bean
con
sign
men
ts c
onta
min
ated
with
see
ds o
f pe
renn
ial
wee
d ci
rsiu
m a
rven
se. R
epor
tedl
y, Vi
et N
am’s
auth
oriti
es in
form
ed th
at, s
tarti
ng 1
Nov
embe
r 201
8,
the
coun
try w
ould
ena
ct s
trict
pla
nt q
uara
ntin
e m
easu
res,
incl
udin
g th
e re
ject
ion
of c
onta
min
ated
sh
ipm
ents
.
92TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Im
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
s &
levie
s
Indi
aFe
brua
ryFo
od &
pr
oces
sed
food
pr
oduc
ts
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Ind
ia m
odifi
ed it
s gen
eral
levi
es c
harg
es o
n al
l impo
rts a
s fol
low
s: th
e 2%
Edu
catio
n C
ess
and
the
1% S
econ
dary
and
Hig
her E
duca
tion
Ces
s w
ere
abol
ishe
d an
d re
plac
ed w
ith a
Soc
ial
Wel
fare
Sur
char
ge o
f 10
perc
ent o
f the
bas
ic c
usto
ms
duty
cha
rged
on
impo
rts, i
nclu
ding
pur
chas
es
of fo
od a
nd p
roce
ssed
food
pro
duct
s. T
he n
ew le
vy h
as e
nter
ed in
to e
ffect
on
2 Fe
brua
ry 2
018.
93TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Im
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
s &
levie
s
Indi
aFe
brua
rySe
lect
ed
vege
tabl
e oi
ls
On
2 Fe
brua
ry 2
018,
the
impo
rt ta
riff fo
r sel
ecte
d cr
ude
vege
tabl
e oi
ls h
as b
een
rais
ed fr
om 1
2.5
perc
ent
to 3
0 pe
rcen
t, w
hile
the
dut
y fo
r th
e co
rresp
ondi
ng r
efine
d oi
ls w
as in
crea
sed
from
20
perc
ent
to
35 p
erce
nt. T
he ta
x ris
e co
ncer
ns o
il fro
m c
otto
nsee
d, s
afflow
erse
ed, l
inse
ed, c
asto
rsee
d, s
esam
e se
ed, p
alm
kern
el, c
ocon
ut, o
live,
gro
undn
ut a
nd m
aize
, i.e
. tho
se o
ils th
at w
ere
excl
uded
from
last
ye
ar’s
tax
hike
s (s
ee M
PPU
Sep
. & D
ec.’1
7).
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 21
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*94
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Impo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iffs
& le
vies
Indi
aM
arch
Palm
oil
The
impo
rt du
ties
for
crud
e an
d re
fined
pal
m o
il –
whi
ch w
ere
rais
ed t
wic
e la
st y
ear
– ha
ve b
een
incr
ease
d fu
rther
, with
effe
ct fr
om 1
Mar
ch 2
018.
The
tariff
s fo
r cru
de a
nd re
fined
pal
m o
il w
ere
rais
ed
to, r
espe
ctiv
ely,
44 p
erce
nt a
nd 5
4 pe
rcen
t (fr
om p
revi
ousl
y 30
per
cent
and
40
perc
ent)
– i.e
. the
hi
ghes
t lev
el in
mor
e th
an a
dec
ade.
The
third
incr
ease
in ta
riffs
in le
ss th
an s
ix m
onth
is m
eant
to p
ush
up d
omes
tic p
rices
of e
dibl
e oi
ls a
nd b
ack
loca
l oils
eeds
pric
es, i
n a
bid
to s
timul
ate
loca
l oils
eed
prod
uctio
n an
d he
lp c
urb
edib
le o
il im
ports
. Ind
ia is
the
wor
ld’s
top
impo
rter o
f pal
m o
il.
95TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Im
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
s &
levie
s
Indi
aJu
neSo
y-,
sunfl
ower
-, gr
ound
nut-
& ra
pese
ed- o
il
In J
une,
the
Ind
ian
Gov
ernm
ent
furth
er r
aise
d th
e im
port
dutie
s fo
r cr
ude
and
refin
ed s
oybe
an,
sunfl
ower
, gro
undn
ut a
nd ra
pese
ed o
il (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Mar
.’18)
. At 3
5 pe
rcen
t for
refin
ed g
rade
s an
d 45
per
cent
for c
rude
gra
des,
the
tariff
s fo
r the
refe
renc
ed o
ils n
ow s
tand
at t
he h
ighe
st le
vel i
n m
ore
than
a d
ecad
e –
just
as
the
coun
try’s
palm
oil
impo
rt ta
riff. T
he m
easu
re is
aim
ed a
t cur
bing
impo
rts
whi
le p
rote
ctin
g th
e in
tere
sts
of th
e co
untry
’s oi
lsee
d gr
ower
s an
d pr
oces
sors
. Une
xpec
tedl
y, si
nce
the
hike
in d
utie
s, s
harp
incr
ease
s in
edi
ble
oils
del
iver
ies
from
Ban
glad
esh
and
Sri L
anka
hav
e be
en
repo
rted,
mai
nly
invo
lvin
g sh
ipm
ents
of p
alm
oil
orig
inat
ing
in In
done
sia
and
Mal
aysi
a. A
ppar
ently
, tra
ders
hav
e ta
ken
adva
ntag
e of
the
Sout
h As
ian
Free
Trad
e Ag
reem
ent (
SAFT
A), w
hich
, by
mai
ntai
ning
a
duty
-free
zon
e in
the
regi
on, a
llow
ed tr
ader
s to
circ
umve
nt In
dia’
s hi
gh im
port
tariff
s.
96TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Im
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
s &
levie
s
Paki
stan
April
Soyb
ean
oil
Paki
stan
’s fis
cal b
udge
t for
201
8/19
incl
udes
pro
visi
ons
for a
rise
in th
e cu
stom
dut
y on
cru
de s
oybe
an
oil f
rom
form
erly
PKR
9 0
50 p
er to
nne
to P
KR 1
2 00
0 (U
SD 7
3 an
d 97
resp
ectiv
ely)
. In
addi
tion,
the
Gov
ernm
ent e
nvis
aged
an
incr
ease
in th
e ‘a
dditi
onal
cus
tom
dut
y’ a
pplie
d to
all
oils
and
fats
from
1
perc
ent t
o 2
perc
ent.
The
mea
sure
s ar
e ai
med
at p
rote
ctin
g lo
cal s
oft o
il pr
oduc
tion.
97TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Im
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
s &
levie
s
Philip
pine
sN
ovem
ber
Palm
oil
Follo
win
g a
shar
p ris
e in
the
vol
ume
of p
alm
oil
impo
rts f
rom
Mal
aysi
a an
d In
done
sia
– w
hich
is
belie
ved
to h
ave
led
to a
dec
line
in d
omes
tic p
rices
of c
ocon
ut a
nd d
eriv
ed p
rodu
cts
– th
e Ph
ilippi
ne
Gov
ernm
ent
has
initi
ated
ant
i-dum
ping
inv
estig
atio
ns,
loca
l m
edia
rep
orte
d. C
urre
ntly,
pal
m o
il fro
m M
alay
sia
and
Indo
nesi
a en
ters
the
Philip
pine
s du
ty-fr
ee, i
n lin
e w
ith th
e AS
EAN
Tra
de G
oods
Ag
reem
ent.
Repo
rtedl
y, un
der
WTO
rul
es,
the
coun
try m
ay t
empo
raril
y im
pose
pro
tect
ive
tariff
s,
invo
king
a c
laim
of i
njur
y to
its
indu
stry
.
98TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Im
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
s &
levie
s
Turk
eyJu
neSu
nflow
erse
ed,
sunfl
ower
oil
To s
timul
ate
impo
rts a
nd e
nsur
e th
at d
omes
tic d
eman
d fo
r edi
ble
oils
is m
et, t
he G
over
nmen
t dec
ided
to
tem
pora
rily
low
er th
e im
port
tariff
s fo
r sun
flow
er s
eed
and
oil.
From
5 J
une
to 1
Aug
ust,
the
impo
rt du
ty fo
r the
see
d w
as re
duce
d fro
m 2
7 to
13
perc
ent,
whi
le th
at fo
r oil
stoo
d at
23
perc
ent i
nste
ad o
f 36
per
cent
.
99TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Im
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
s &
levie
s
Turk
eyJu
neSu
nflow
er-s
eed/
oil/m
eal
As p
art o
f mea
sure
s to
sust
ain
the v
alue
of t
he co
untry
’s cu
rrenc
y vis
-à-v
is th
e US
dolla
r, the
Gov
ernm
ent
of T
urke
y de
cide
d to
leav
e im
port
dutie
s on
sun
flow
er s
eed,
oil a
nd m
eal a
t the
ir cu
rrent
, red
uced
leve
l of
, res
pect
ivel
y, 13
per
cent
, 23
perc
ent a
nd z
ero.
Orig
inal
ly, th
e te
mpo
rary
tariff
redu
ctio
n w
as m
eant
to
end
on
1 Au
gust
201
8 (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
.’18)
.
100
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Impo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iffs
& le
vies
Turk
eyDe
cem
ber
Sunfl
ower
seed
The
Turk
ish
Gov
ernm
ent h
as a
ppro
ved,
for t
he p
erio
d Ja
nuar
y–Ju
ne 2
019,
a 3
00 th
ousa
nd to
nnes
dut
y-fre
e qu
ota
for s
unflo
wer
seed
impo
rts, w
hich
hab
itual
ly a
ttrac
t a ta
x of
USD
59
per t
onne
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
mea
sure
is a
imed
at s
uppo
rting
dom
estic
cru
sh o
pera
tions
.
101
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Arge
ntin
aJa
nuar
ySo
ybea
ns,
soym
eal,
soyo
ilIn
line
with
ple
dges
mad
e in
Oct
ober
201
6 (s
ee M
PPU
Nov
.’16)
, the
Gov
ernm
ent l
ower
ed th
e co
untry
’s ex
port
tax
on s
oybe
an b
y 0.
5 pe
rcen
tage
poi
nts,
to 2
9.5
perc
ent,
effec
tive
2 Ja
nuar
y 20
18. F
or th
e ne
xt
two
year
s, th
e ta
x w
ill be
redu
ced
by a
furth
er 0
.5 p
erce
ntag
e po
int e
ach
mon
th, e
vent
ually
set
tling
at
18 p
erce
nt in
Dec
embe
r 201
9. T
he s
ame
half-
poin
t-per
-mon
th re
duct
ion
will
appl
y to
the
expo
rt ta
x on
so
ymea
l and
soy
oil,
whi
ch w
as lo
wer
ed to
26.
5 pe
rcen
t in
Janu
ary
and
will
drop
to 1
5 pe
rcen
t ove
r the
ne
xt tw
o ye
ars.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
tax
cut i
s pa
rt of
a n
umbe
r of m
easu
res
take
n ov
er th
e la
st tw
o ye
ars
to in
crea
se c
ompe
titiv
enes
s an
d pr
edic
tabi
lity
in th
e oi
lcro
ps s
ecto
r.
22 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*10
2TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
&
non-
tariff
Arge
ntin
aAp
rilSo
ybea
ns,
soyb
ean
prod
ucts
From
6 A
pril
2018
, Arg
entin
a’s
expo
rt ta
x on
soy
bean
and
soy
bean
pro
duct
s is
app
lied
at th
e da
te o
f sh
ipm
ent a
s op
pose
d to
the
day
a pu
rcha
se c
ontra
ct is
sig
ned.
The
cha
nge
allo
ws
expo
rters
to ta
ke
adva
ntag
e of
the
mon
thly
tax
cut
s th
at a
re u
nder
impl
emen
tatio
n si
nce
Janu
ary
2018
(see
MPP
U
Mar
.’18)
, thu
s en
cour
agin
g fo
rwar
d sa
les.
103
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Arge
ntin
aAu
gust
Soyb
eans
, su
nflow
erse
ed,
grou
ndnu
t (in
cl.
resp
ectiv
e oi
ls/
mea
ls)
In m
id-A
ugus
t, as
par
t of a
wid
er fi
scal
tigh
teni
ng p
rogr
amm
e, th
e Ar
gent
inia
n G
over
nmen
t sus
pend
ed
for s
ix m
onth
its
polic
y of
gra
dual
ly re
duci
ng e
xpor
t tax
es fo
r soy
mea
l and
soy
oil.
Subs
eque
ntly,
on
3 Se
ptem
ber,
the
Gov
ernm
ent r
educ
ed th
e ta
x ap
plie
d to
shi
pmen
ts o
f all
thre
e, s
oybe
ans,
soy
mea
l an
d so
yoil,
to 1
8 pe
rcen
t – fr
om th
e pr
evai
ling
leve
ls o
f, re
spec
tivel
y, 25
.5 p
erce
nt, 2
3 pe
rcen
t and
23
per
cent
. Sim
ulta
neou
sly,
a ne
w e
xpor
t lev
y of
12
perc
ent w
as in
trodu
ced,
with
a m
axim
um li
mit
of 4
ARS
(11
US
cent
s) fo
r eac
h U
S do
llar i
n ex
port
valu
e. A
pplie
d to
all
prim
ary
prod
uct e
xpor
ts a
nd
driv
en p
rimar
ily b
y tre
asur
y ne
eds,
the
latte
r lev
y is
add
ed to
the
18 p
erce
nt e
xpor
t tax
in p
lace
for
soyb
eans
and
der
ived
pro
duct
s. B
ased
on
the
expo
rt pr
ices
and
exc
hang
e ra
te le
vels
pre
vailin
g at
the
begi
nnin
g of
Sep
tem
ber,
soyb
eans
and
der
ived
pro
duct
s ha
ve s
een
an e
ffect
ive
tax
hike
of r
ough
ly
3 pe
rcen
tage
poi
nts.
It is
impo
rtant
to n
ote
that
, with
the
intro
duct
ion
of a
uni
form
tax
thro
ugho
ut th
e so
ybea
n co
mpl
ex, t
he c
ount
ry’s
crus
hing
indu
stry
no
long
er a
vails
of t
he p
rote
ctio
n pr
evio
usly
enj
oyed
in
form
of t
ax d
iffer
entia
ls. C
onve
rsel
y, th
e re
lativ
e ex
port
com
petit
iven
ess
of s
oybe
ans
has
impr
oved
. Th
e at
tract
iven
ess
of s
oybe
ans
expo
rts h
as a
lso
impr
oved
rela
tive
to g
rain
s, w
hich
cou
ld le
ad to
larg
er
than
orig
inal
ly e
xpec
ted
soyb
ean
plan
tings
in th
e im
min
ent 2
018/
19 s
easo
n. A
s fo
r the
oth
er o
ilsee
ds,
the
new
4 A
RS e
xpor
t lev
y al
so a
pplie
s to
sun
flow
erse
ed a
nd g
roun
dnut
, whe
reas
onl
y 3
ARS
(8 U
S ce
nt) a
re a
sses
sed
on th
e re
spec
tive
oils
and
mea
ls. T
he lo
wer
rate
als
o ap
plie
s to
bio
dies
el e
xpor
ts.
The
new
tax
rate
s an
d le
vies
are
exp
ecte
d to
sta
y in
pla
ce u
ntil
31 D
ecem
ber 2
020.
104
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Chi
naO
ctob
erSo
ymea
lTr
ade
miti
gatio
n:
With
a v
iew
to
prot
ect
dom
estic
sup
plie
s, o
n 1
Nov
embe
r, th
e G
over
nmen
t di
scon
tinue
d an
11
perc
ent v
alue
-add
ed ta
x re
bate
hith
erto
app
lied
to s
oym
eal e
xpor
ts. T
he m
ove
is
part
of a
set
of m
easu
res
mea
nt to
miti
gate
the
impa
ct o
f Chi
na’s
reta
liato
ry ta
x on
U.S
. soy
bean
s on
do
mes
tic m
arke
ts, w
hile
redu
cing
the
coun
try’s
relia
nce
on im
porte
d so
ybea
ns fo
r fee
d.
105
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indi
aJa
nuar
ySo
ymea
lIn
Dec
embe
r 201
7, th
e G
over
nmen
t rai
sed
the
expo
rt in
cent
ive
for s
oym
eal s
hipm
ents
from
5 p
erce
nt
to 7
per
cent
. Und
er th
e co
untry
’s fo
reig
n tra
de p
olic
y, se
lect
ed “
high
pot
entia
l” go
ods
bene
fit fr
om
expo
rt re
war
ds, p
ayab
le a
s a
perc
enta
ge o
f rea
lized
FO
B va
lues
.
106
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indi
aM
arch
Edib
le o
ilsEx
porta
tion
of v
eget
able
oils
is s
et t
o be
libe
raliz
ed f
urth
er in
Ind
ia.
Afte
r lif
ting
the
ban
on b
ulk
expo
rts o
f sel
ecte
d ve
geta
ble
oils
in M
arch
201
7 (s
ee M
PPU
Apr
.’17)
, the
Gov
ernm
ent n
ow d
ecid
ed
to a
llow
bul
k ex
ports
of a
ll ed
ible
oils
with
the
exce
ptio
n of
mus
tard
seed
oil.
Bei
ng a
n ite
m o
f mas
s co
nsum
ptio
n in
the
coun
try, m
usta
rd o
il m
ay o
nly
be e
xpor
ted
in c
onsu
mer
pac
ks u
p to
5 k
g an
d at
a
min
imum
pric
e of
USD
900
per
tonn
e. T
he n
ew p
olic
y is
aim
ed a
t enc
oura
ging
oils
eed
prod
uctio
n by
ope
ning
add
ition
al m
arke
ting
aven
ues
for e
dibl
e oi
ls. M
oreo
ver,
the
mea
sure
s m
ay c
ontri
bute
to
bette
r util
izatio
n of
idle
cap
acity
in th
e co
untry
’s ed
ible
oil
indu
stry
. How
ever
, mar
ket e
xper
ts d
o no
t ex
pect
size
able
incr
ease
s in
shi
pmen
ts in
the
near
term
, as
dom
estic
edi
ble
oil p
rices
cur
rent
ly ra
nge
sign
ifica
ntly
abo
ve w
orld
mar
ket l
evel
s.
107
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aM
arch
Palm
oil
Unt
il en
d M
arch
201
8, In
done
sia’
s sl
idin
g ex
port
tax
on c
rude
pal
m o
il w
ill st
ay a
t zer
o, g
iven
that
(fo
r the
ele
vent
h m
onth
in s
ucce
ssio
n) In
done
sia’
s re
fere
nce
pric
e re
mai
ned
belo
w th
e th
resh
old
that
tri
gger
s ta
xatio
n. Ir
resp
ectiv
e of
the
zero
exp
ort t
ax, I
ndon
esia
’s ex
ports
rem
ain
subj
ect t
o a
fixed
levy
of
USD
50
per t
onne
(see
MPP
U A
ug.’1
5).
108
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aM
ayPa
lm o
ilIn
Indo
nesi
a, w
here
ben
chm
ark
valu
es fo
r pal
m o
il re
mai
ned
belo
w th
e U
SD 7
50 p
er to
nne
thre
shol
d th
at tr
igge
rs ta
xatio
n , t
he ta
x on
cru
de p
alm
oil
expo
rts h
as b
een
kept
at z
ero
for b
oth
April
and
May
–
mar
king
the
thirt
eent
h m
onth
in s
ucce
ssio
n w
ith n
o ex
port
tax.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 23
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*10
9TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
&
non-
tariff
Indo
nesi
aAu
gust
Palm
oil
In In
done
sia,
the
expo
rt ta
x on
cru
de p
alm
oil
stay
s at
zer
o, a
s be
nchm
ark
pric
es re
mai
ned
belo
w th
e th
resh
old
that
trig
gers
taxa
tion.
The
mon
th o
f Aug
ust m
arks
the
sixt
eent
h m
onth
in s
ucce
ssio
n w
ith
no e
xpor
t tax
.
110
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aO
ctob
erPa
lm o
ilIn
Indo
nesi
a, th
e ex
port
tax
on c
rude
pal
m o
il re
mai
ned
at z
ero,
as
benc
hmar
k pr
ices
con
tinue
d to
ra
nge
belo
w th
e th
resh
old
that
trig
gers
taxa
tion.
The
mon
th o
f Oct
ober
mar
ks th
e ei
ghte
enth
mon
th in
su
cces
sion
with
no
expo
rt ta
x in
Indo
nesi
a.
111
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aO
ctob
erPr
imar
y pr
oduc
tsAs
par
t of p
olic
ies
to a
ddre
ss o
n-go
ing
curre
ncy
and
curre
nt a
ccou
nt p
robl
ems,
the
coun
try’s
trade
m
inis
try h
as la
id o
ut n
ew ru
les
that
requ
ire c
omm
odity
exp
orte
rs to
gua
rant
ee fu
ndin
g fo
r shi
pmen
ts
excl
usiv
ely
thro
ugh
loca
l ban
ks. T
he n
ew re
gula
tion
has
take
n eff
ect o
n 7
Oct
ober
.
112
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aN
ovem
ber
Palm
oil
Con
cern
ed a
bout
the
stea
dy, s
harp
fall i
n pa
lm o
il exp
ort p
rices
and
its
adve
rse
impa
ct o
n th
e co
untry
’s ex
port-
orie
nted
oil
palm
indu
stry
, the
Indo
nesi
an G
over
nmen
t dec
ided
to s
uspe
nd th
e co
untry
’s le
vy
on p
alm
oil
expo
rts, w
hich
am
ount
s to
USD
50
and
USD
20–
40 p
er to
nne
resp
ectiv
ely
for c
rude
and
re
fined
pal
m o
il. T
he m
ove
is a
imed
at m
aint
aini
ng th
e pr
oduc
ts’ c
ompe
titiv
enes
s in
ove
rsea
s m
arke
ts.
Intro
duce
d in
201
5, th
e le
vy is
use
d to
sub
sidi
ze th
e co
untry
’s bi
odie
sel p
rogr
amm
e as
wel
l as
sect
or
deve
lopm
ent a
ctiv
ities
, suc
h as
pal
m re
plan
ting
sche
mes
(see
MPP
U J
uly’
15).
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e le
vy w
ill be
rein
trodu
ced
as p
rices
rise
: onc
e pa
lm o
il pr
ices
reco
ver t
o U
SD 5
00 p
er to
nne,
exp
orts
of c
rude
an
d re
fined
pal
m o
il w
ill be
cha
rged
with
, res
pect
ivel
y, U
SD 2
5 an
d U
SD 5
–10
per
tonn
e, w
here
as
levi
es o
f USD
20-
50 w
ill be
col
lect
ed w
hen
pric
es re
ach
at le
ast U
SD 5
50 p
er to
nne.
Mea
nwhi
le, t
he
expo
rt ta
x on
cru
de p
alm
oil
rem
aine
d at
zer
o in
Nov
embe
r an
d De
cem
ber,
as b
ench
mar
k pr
ices
co
ntin
ued
to r
ange
bel
ow t
he t
hres
hold
tha
t tri
gger
s ta
xatio
n. T
he m
onth
of
Dece
mbe
r m
arks
the
tw
entie
th m
onth
in s
ucce
ssio
n w
ith n
o ex
port
tax
in In
done
sia.
113
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aDe
cem
ber
Palm
oil
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Ind
ones
ia m
odifi
ed th
e pa
ram
eter
s ap
plyi
ng to
the
colle
ctio
n of
levi
es o
n pa
lm o
il ex
ports
(see
also
MPP
U D
ec.’1
8). W
hen
the
palm
oil b
ench
mar
k pr
ice
falls
in a
rang
e of
USD
570
–619
pe
r ton
ne, t
he le
vy w
ill am
ount
to U
SD 1
0–25
per
tonn
e, w
here
as U
SD 2
0–50
will
be c
olle
cted
whe
n th
e re
fere
nce
pric
e ex
ceed
s U
SD 6
19. P
revi
ousl
y, ex
porte
rs p
aid
USD
20-
50 p
er to
nne
rega
rdle
ss o
f pr
ice
leve
ls. S
ince
last
Nov
embe
r, w
hen
palm
oil
pric
es d
ropp
ed b
elow
the
USD
570
thre
shol
d, n
o ex
port
levi
es h
ave
been
cha
rged
in a
bid
to m
aint
ain
the
com
petit
iven
ess
of th
e co
untry
’s pa
lm o
il ex
ports
. The
trad
e m
inis
try’s
refe
renc
e pr
ice
for D
ecem
ber s
tood
at U
SD 5
49 p
er to
nne.
(NB:
Whe
n th
e pa
lm o
il ref
eren
ce p
rice
exce
eds
USD
750
, Ind
ones
ia a
lso
char
ges
a ta
x on
cru
de p
alm
oil e
xpor
ts;
the
rule
s go
vern
ing
that
tax
have
rem
aine
d un
chan
ged)
.
114
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Indo
nesi
aDe
cem
ber
Palm
oil
In In
done
sia,
pal
m o
il ben
chm
ark
pric
es c
ontin
ued
to ra
nge
belo
w th
e th
resh
olds
that
trig
ger t
axat
ion.
Ac
cord
ingl
y, in
Jan
uary
201
9, th
e ex
port
tax
on c
rude
pal
m o
il re
mai
ns a
t zer
o fo
r the
twen
ty-s
econ
d m
onth
in s
ucce
ssio
n.
115
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aJa
nuar
yPa
lm o
ilM
alay
sia
deci
ded
to s
uspe
nd it
s va
riabl
e ta
x fo
r a p
erio
d of
thre
e m
onth
s, s
tarti
ng 8
Jan
uary
201
8 (a
lthou
gh ta
xatio
n w
ould
be
rein
trodu
ced
if do
mes
tic p
alm
oil
stoc
ks w
ere
to d
rop
belo
w 1
.6 m
illion
to
nnes
). Th
e ta
x su
spen
sion
was
im
plem
ente
d in
a b
id t
o st
imul
ate
inte
rnat
iona
l de
man
d, c
urb
dom
estic
sto
cks
and
supp
ort t
he p
rice
of M
alay
sian
pal
m o
il. T
he la
tter h
as fa
llen
to 1
6-m
onth
low
s in
Dec
embe
r 201
7, w
hile
inve
ntor
ies
clim
bed
to tw
o-ye
ar h
ighs
. By
mak
ing
Mal
aysi
an p
alm
oil
mor
e co
mpe
titiv
e, th
e ta
x su
spen
sion
has
pro
mpt
ed a
con
spic
uous
rise
in th
e co
untry
’s sh
ipm
ents
sin
ce la
st
Janu
ary,
in p
artic
ular
with
rega
rd to
sal
es to
pric
e se
nsiti
ve m
arke
ts s
uch
as In
dia
and
Chi
na.
24 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*11
6TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Ex
port
mea
sure
s - t
ariff
&
non-
tariff
Mal
aysi
aM
ayPa
lm o
ilM
alay
sia
exte
nded
the
3-m
onth
tax
sus
pens
ion
intro
duce
d in
ear
ly J
anua
ry u
ntil
the
end
of A
pril,
in
a b
id t
o m
aint
ain
Mal
aysi
an p
alm
oil
expo
rts c
ompe
titiv
e (s
ee M
PPU
Mar
.’18)
. Acc
ordi
ng t
o th
e M
alay
sian
Pal
m O
il Bo
ard,
exp
ort t
axat
ion
has
resu
med
on
1 M
ay, w
ith ra
tes
set a
t 5 p
erce
nt fo
r bot
h M
ay a
nd J
une.
117
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aAu
gust
Palm
oil
Afte
r su
spen
ding
its
duty
on
palm
oil
expo
rts f
or f
our
mon
th a
t th
e st
art
of t
he y
ear
to s
timul
ate
dem
and
and
supp
ort p
rices
, Mal
aysi
a re
intro
duce
d ex
port
taxa
tion
at 5
per
cent
in M
ay. W
hile
the
rate
re
mai
ned
unch
ange
d in
Jun
e an
d Ju
ly, it
was
low
ered
to 4
.5 p
erce
nt in
Aug
ust,
refle
ctin
g a
slid
e in
the
refe
renc
e m
arke
t pric
e.
118
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aO
ctob
erPa
lm o
ilAf
ter f
resh
dro
ps in
the
refe
renc
e m
arke
t pric
e fo
r pal
m o
il, M
alay
sia
susp
ende
d its
exp
ort t
ax o
n th
e co
mm
odity
for t
he m
onth
s of
Sep
tem
ber a
nd O
ctob
er. S
ince
the
begi
nnin
g of
this
yea
r, pa
lm o
il exp
ort
taxe
s ha
ve o
nly
been
app
lied
durin
g th
e M
ay–A
ugus
t per
iod.
119
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aN
ovem
ber
Palm
oil
Follo
win
g fre
sh d
rops
in th
e re
fere
nce
mar
ket p
rice
for p
alm
oil,
Mal
aysi
a de
cide
d to
kee
p its
exp
ort
tax
on th
e co
mm
odity
at z
ero
for t
he m
onth
s of
Nov
embe
r and
Dec
embe
r.
120
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Mal
aysi
aDe
cem
ber
Palm
oil
In M
alay
sia,
pal
m o
il be
nchm
ark
pric
es c
ontin
ued
to ra
nge
belo
w th
e th
resh
olds
that
trig
ger t
axat
ion.
Ac
cord
ingl
y, in
Jan
uary
201
9, th
e ex
port
tax
on c
rude
pal
m o
il rem
ains
at z
ero
for t
he fi
fth c
onse
cutiv
e m
onth
.
121
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Expo
rt m
easu
res
- tar
iff
& no
n-ta
riff
Ukr
aine
May
Soyb
eans
, ra
pese
edTh
e ab
oliti
on o
f the
VAT
refu
nd o
n ex
ports
of s
oybe
ans
and
rape
seed
(see
MPP
U J
an.’1
7) h
as b
een
post
pone
d to
31
Dece
mbe
r 20
21, b
ut o
nly
for
farm
ers
and
com
pani
es e
xpor
ting
thei
r ow
n cr
ops
– im
plyi
ng th
at tr
ader
s w
ill no
long
er b
e el
igib
le fo
r ref
unds
as
of 1
Sep
tem
ber 2
018.
In th
e ca
se o
f su
nflow
erse
ed, a
ll ta
x re
fund
s ha
ve b
een
susp
ende
d si
nce
Mar
ch 2
018.
122
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Trad
e di
sput
esAr
gent
ina,
Pe
ruN
ovem
ber
Biod
iese
lAr
gent
ina
requ
este
d fo
rmal
con
sulta
tions
with
Per
u at
the
WTO
ove
r th
e an
ti-du
mpi
ng d
utie
s Pe
ru
put i
n pl
ace
on im
ports
of b
iodi
esel
from
Arg
entin
a in
Feb
ruar
y 20
16 (s
ee M
PPU
Nov
.’16)
. Prio
r to
the
intro
duct
ion
of th
e tra
de b
arrie
r, Pe
ru re
pres
ente
d Ar
gent
ina’
s se
cond
larg
est e
xpor
t mar
ket a
fter t
he
Uni
ted
Stat
es.
123
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Trad
e di
sput
esEu
rope
an
Uni
on,
Indo
nesi
a
Janu
ary
Biod
iese
lIn
Aug
ust
2015
, the
WTO
’s di
sput
e se
ttlem
ent
body
set
up
a pa
nel t
o ex
amin
e w
heth
er t
he E
U’s
anti-
dum
ping
dut
ies
on b
iodi
esel
impo
rts fr
om In
done
sia
– in
trodu
ced
in 2
013
for fi
ve y
ears
– w
ere
cons
iste
nt w
ith th
e ex
istin
g in
tern
atio
nal t
rade
agr
eem
ents
(see
MPP
U O
ct.’1
5). T
he p
anel
rele
ased
its
rulin
g in
Jan
uary
201
8. L
arge
ly u
phol
ding
cla
ims
by In
done
sia,
the
pane
l fou
nd th
e di
sput
ed m
easu
re
to b
e in
cons
iste
nt w
ith W
TO la
w a
nd re
com
men
ded
that
the
EU b
ring
the
mea
sure
into
con
form
ity w
ith
its o
blig
atio
ns u
nder
the
WTO
Ant
i-Dum
ping
Agr
eem
ent a
nd th
e G
ATT
1994
. The
EU
and
Indo
nesi
a m
ay a
ppea
l the
pan
el’s
findi
ngs,
in w
hich
eve
nt th
e W
TO’s
Appe
llate
Bod
y w
ould
hav
e to
revi
ew th
e ca
se. T
he la
test
rulin
g fo
llow
s la
st y
ear’s
WTO
find
ings
in fa
vour
of A
rgen
tina,
rega
rdin
g th
e EU
’s an
ti-du
mpi
ng d
utie
s on
bio
dies
el im
ports
from
that
cou
ntry
. In
that
inst
ance
, the
EU
agr
eed
to c
ut it
s im
port
tariff
s, w
hich
pro
mpt
ed a
resu
mpt
ion
in b
iodi
esel
impo
rts fr
om A
rgen
tina
(see
also
MPP
U N
ov.’1
6 &
Oct
.’17)
.
124
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Trad
e di
sput
esEu
rope
an
Uni
on,
Arge
ntin
a
Janu
ary
Biod
iese
lTh
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on i
nfor
med
tha
t it
laun
ched
a n
ew i
nves
tigat
ion
conc
erni
ng i
mpo
rts o
f bi
odie
sel
orig
inat
ing
from
Arg
entin
a, c
iting
evi
denc
e su
bmitt
ed b
y th
e EU
’s bi
ofue
l in
dust
ry t
hat
Arge
ntin
e bi
odie
sel p
rodu
cers
ben
efit f
rom
sta
te s
ubsi
dies
, cau
sing
inju
ry to
EU
pro
duce
rs. A
llege
dly,
Arge
ntin
a’s
subs
idie
s co
me
in th
e fo
rm o
f arti
ficia
lly c
heap
goo
ds a
nd s
ervi
ces
(not
ably
soy
bean
s),
pric
e su
ppor
t for
bio
dies
el, d
irect
tran
sfer
s an
d pr
efer
entia
l loa
ns, a
nd g
over
nmen
t rev
enue
forg
one
or n
ot c
olle
cted
. By
com
paris
on, t
he a
nti-d
umpi
ng d
utie
s im
pose
d in
201
3 w
ere
rela
ted
to A
rgen
tina’
s di
ffere
ntia
l exp
ort
tax
syst
em.
The
Com
mis
sion
’s ne
w in
vest
igat
ion
has
to b
e co
nclu
ded
by e
nd
Febr
uary
201
9, w
hile
pro
visi
onal
ant
i-sub
sidy
dut
ies
may
be
appl
ied
from
Nov
embe
r 201
8 on
war
d.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 25
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*12
5TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Tr
ade
disp
utes
Euro
pean
U
nion
, Ar
gent
ina,
In
done
sia
Mar
chBi
odie
sel
Abid
ing
by a
rulin
g of
the
Euro
pean
Cou
rt of
Just
ice
(see
MPP
U N
ov.’1
6), t
he E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
has
re
mov
ed a
nti-d
umpi
ng d
utie
s on
bio
dies
el im
ports
from
13
Arge
ntin
e an
d In
done
sian
pro
duce
rs th
at
wer
e in
pla
ce s
ince
201
3. T
he C
omm
issi
on h
ad a
ppea
led
agai
nst t
he ru
ling,
but
dro
pped
the
petit
ion
earli
er th
is y
ear.
Also
the
WTO
had
rule
d in
favo
ur o
f cha
lleng
es fi
led
by A
rgen
tina
and
Indo
nesi
a (s
ee
MPP
U N
ov.’1
6 &
Mar
.’18)
. Not
with
stan
ding
, las
t Jan
uary
, the
Com
mis
sion
laun
ched
– u
pon
requ
est o
f th
e bl
oc’s
biod
iese
l pro
duce
rs –
a n
ew in
vest
igat
ion
on w
heth
er A
rgen
tine
prod
ucer
s be
nefit
from
sta
te
subs
idie
s (s
ee M
PPU
Mar
.’18)
. Ind
ustry
exp
erts
poi
nted
out
that
the
rece
nt re
sum
ptio
n of
low
-cos
t bi
odie
sel i
mpo
rts fr
om A
rgen
tina
and
Indo
nesi
a w
ould
impa
ct p
rofit
abilit
y fo
r Eur
opea
n pr
oduc
ers
– po
ssib
ly le
adin
g to
pro
duct
ion
cuts
and
hen
ce re
duce
d up
take
of r
apes
eed
oil,
the
EU’s
mai
n bi
odie
sel
feed
stoc
k.
126
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Trad
e di
sput
esEu
rope
an
Uni
on,
Arge
ntin
a
May
Biod
iese
lIn
the
con
text
of
on-g
oing
tra
de i
nves
tigat
ions
reg
ardi
ng t
he a
llege
d su
bsid
izatio
n of
bio
dies
el
prod
uctio
n in
Arg
entin
a, th
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on o
rder
ed to
regi
ster
, as
of 2
5 M
ay 2
018,
all i
mpo
rts
of b
iodi
esel
from
Arg
entin
a. W
hile
the
deci
sion
doe
s not
pre
judg
e th
e ou
tcom
e of
the
case
, the
mea
sure
w
ould
fac
ilitat
e re
troac
tive
appl
icat
ion
of a
ny f
utur
e an
ti-su
bsid
y m
easu
res.
Rep
orte
dly,
sinc
e th
e in
vest
igat
ion’
s la
unch
last
Jan
uary
, bio
dies
el im
ports
from
Arg
entin
a ha
ve in
crea
sed
shar
ply,
espe
cial
ly
afte
r the
blo
c re
mov
ed a
nti-d
umpi
ng d
utie
s th
at h
ad b
een
in p
lace
sin
ce 2
013
(see
MPP
U M
ay’1
8).
127
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Trad
e di
sput
esEu
rope
an
Uni
on,
Arge
ntin
a
Sept
embe
rBi
odie
sel
The
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
dec
ided
to p
ostp
one
the
intro
duct
ion
of p
rovi
sion
al c
ount
erva
iling
dutie
s on
impo
rts o
f alle
gedl
y su
bsid
ized
biod
iese
l fro
m A
rgen
tina
(see
also
MPP
U M
ay &
Aug
.’18)
. Des
pite
th
e pr
elim
inar
y fin
ding
tha
t Ar
gent
inia
n ex
ports
are
favo
ured
by
subs
idie
s an
d th
eref
ore
pote
ntia
lly
thre
aten
the
EU
’s bi
odie
sel i
ndus
try, t
he C
omm
issi
on in
form
ed t
hat
it in
tend
s to
col
lect
add
ition
al
info
rmat
ion
in o
rder
to
proc
eed
with
its
inve
stig
atio
ns.
Mar
ket
parti
cipa
nts
had
expe
cted
tha
t th
e C
omm
issi
on w
ould
col
lect
dut
ies
from
Oct
ober
. Acc
ordi
ngly,
Arg
entin
a’s
biod
iese
l shi
pmen
ts to
the
EU a
re re
porte
d to
hav
e dr
oppe
d in
rece
nt w
eeks
.
128
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Trad
e di
sput
esEu
rope
an
Uni
on,
Arge
ntin
a
Dece
mbe
rBi
odie
sel
Acco
rdin
g to
med
ia re
ports
, the
Eur
opea
n C
omm
issi
on is
con
side
ring
to re
inst
ate
anti-
subs
idy
dutie
s on
impo
rts o
f bio
dies
el fr
om A
rgen
tina,
citi
ng a
n im
min
ent t
hrea
t of m
ater
ial i
njur
y ca
used
to th
e EU
’s bi
odie
sel i
ndus
try (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Oct
.’17
& M
ar./O
ct.’1
8). R
epor
tedl
y, re
talia
tory
dut
ies
coul
d ra
nge
from
25
perc
ent t
o 33
, dep
endi
ng o
n th
e co
mpa
ny c
once
rned
. The
mov
e w
ould
requ
ire a
ppro
val b
y th
e bl
oc’s
mem
ber s
tate
s. T
he d
eadl
ine
for i
ntro
duci
ng d
efini
tive
mea
sure
s is
27
Febr
uary
201
9.
129
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Trad
e di
sput
esIn
dia,
Uni
ted
Stat
esJu
lySo
ybea
n oi
l, pa
lm o
lein
, w
heat
In re
spon
se to
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es’ i
ntro
duct
ion
of h
ighe
r dut
ies
on im
ports
of s
teel
and
alu
min
ium
from
In
dia,
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Ind
ia h
as fi
led
a W
TO n
otifi
catio
n, w
hich
incl
udes
a li
st o
f US
prod
ucts
that
co
uld
be s
ubje
ct to
reta
liato
ry im
port
dutie
s. T
he li
st in
clud
es w
heat
, cru
de s
oybe
an o
il an
d re
fined
pa
lm o
lein
.
130
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Trad
e di
sput
esU
nite
d St
ates
, Ar
gent
ina,
In
done
sia
Febr
uary
Biod
iese
lTh
e U
.S. D
epar
tmen
t of
Com
mer
ce (D
OC
) iss
ued
its fi
nal d
eter
min
atio
ns in
the
ant
i-dum
ping
dut
y in
vest
igat
ions
of
biod
iese
l im
ports
fro
m A
rgen
tina
and
Indo
nesi
a (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Dec
.’17)
. DO
C
dete
rmin
ed th
at A
rgen
tine
and
Indo
nesi
an e
xpor
ters
sold
bio
dies
el in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es a
t, re
spec
tivel
y, 60
–86
perc
ent a
nd 9
3–27
7 pe
rcen
t les
s th
an fa
ir va
lue.
Acc
ordi
ngly,
the
coun
try’s
cust
oms
office
s w
ill be
inst
ruct
ed to
col
lect
cas
h de
posi
ts fr
om im
porte
rs b
ased
on
thos
e fin
al ra
tes.
DO
C’s
dete
rmin
atio
n re
mai
ns s
ubje
ct to
a s
econ
d ru
ling
by th
e U
.S. I
nter
natio
nal T
rade
Com
mis
sion
(exp
ecte
d on
6 A
pril
2018
) on
whe
ther
U.S
. bio
dies
el p
rodu
cers
wer
e in
jure
d by
dum
ped
impo
rts. A
ccor
ding
to
med
ia
repo
rts, A
rgen
tina
and
Indo
nesi
a ar
e co
nsid
erin
g to
file
cas
es a
gain
st D
OC
at b
oth
the
WTO
and
the
U.S
. Cou
rt of
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tra
de. I
t is
impo
rtant
to n
ote
that
the
abov
e an
ti-du
mpi
ng d
utie
s ha
ve c
ome
in a
dditi
on to
fina
l ant
i-sub
sidy
(or c
ount
erva
iling)
dut
ies
impo
sed
last
yea
r on
the
sam
e pr
oduc
ts (s
ee
MPP
U D
ec.’1
7). W
ith c
ombi
ned
rate
s of
up
to 1
59 p
erce
nt fo
r Arg
entin
e bi
odie
sel a
nd 3
41 p
erce
nt fo
r In
done
sian
pro
duce
, im
ports
from
the
two
coun
tries
are
exp
ecte
d to
com
e to
a h
alt.
26 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*13
1TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Tr
ade
disp
utes
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Arge
ntin
a,
Indo
nesi
a
April
Biod
iese
lIn
Apr
il, th
e U
.S. I
nter
natio
nal T
rade
Com
mis
sion
ass
erte
d th
at b
iodi
esel
impo
rts fr
om A
rgen
tina
and
Indo
nesi
a ha
ve h
arm
ed th
e U
S in
dust
ry, t
here
by p
avin
g th
e w
ay fo
r the
app
licat
ion
of a
nti-d
umpi
ng
dutie
s as
det
erm
ined
by
the
U.S
. De
partm
ent
of C
omm
erce
las
t Fe
brua
ry (
see
MPP
U M
ar.’1
8).
Acco
rdin
g to
pre
ss re
ports
, Ind
ones
ian
biod
iese
l exp
orte
rs re
acte
d by
filin
g an
app
eal t
o th
e U
.S. C
ourt,
w
hile
the
Indo
nesi
an G
over
nmen
t is
cons
ider
ing
to s
ubm
it th
e ca
se to
the
Wor
ld T
rade
Org
aniza
tion.
132
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Trad
e di
sput
esU
nite
d St
ates
, Ar
gent
ina
Nov
embe
rBi
odie
sel
The
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f Com
mer
ce in
itiat
ed a
‘cha
nged
circ
umst
ance
s re
view
’ to
exam
ine
the
anti-
dum
ping
and
cou
nter
vailin
g du
ties
it pl
aced
on
impo
rts o
f Arg
entin
e bi
odie
sel i
n la
te 2
017
and
early
20
18 (s
ee M
PPU
Mar
. & M
ay’1
8). T
he re
view
pro
cess
has
bee
n op
ened
on
requ
est o
f the
Arg
entin
e G
over
nmen
t, fo
llow
ing
the
latte
r’s d
ecis
ion
to i)
rai
se t
he c
ount
ry’s
expo
rt ta
x on
soy
bean
-bas
ed
biod
iese
l, ii) l
ift th
e do
mes
tic b
iodi
esel
pric
e, a
nd iii
) low
er th
e co
untry
’s ex
port
tax
on so
ybea
n pr
oduc
ts
(see
MPP
U A
ug. &
Oct
.’18)
. A re
duct
ion
or re
peal
of t
he re
talia
tory
tariff
s ca
n be
exp
ecte
d to
lead
to
a re
sum
ptio
n of
bio
dies
el im
ports
fro
m A
rgen
tina,
whi
ch w
ould
like
ly h
urt
US
biod
iese
l pro
duce
rs
and
dam
pen
dom
estic
soy
bean
upt
ake.
A ‘c
hang
ed c
ircum
stan
ces
revi
ew’ c
an ta
ke u
p to
270
day
s,
mea
ning
that
a fi
nal d
eter
min
atio
n sh
ould
be
reac
hed
by A
ugus
t 201
9.
133
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Trad
e di
sput
esU
nite
d St
ates
, C
hina
April
Soyb
eans
On
4 Ap
ril 2
018,
the
Chi
nese
Gov
ernm
ent p
ublis
hed
a pr
ovis
iona
l lis
t of t
ariff
s th
at, i
f im
plem
ente
d,
wou
ld a
pply
to s
elec
ted
agric
ultu
re a
nd fo
od im
ports
from
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es –
incl
udin
g so
ybea
ns. T
he
dutie
s w
ould
be
intro
duce
d in
reta
liatio
n of
pos
sibl
e U
S im
port
tariff
s co
ncer
ning
a n
umbe
r of C
hine
se
prod
ucts
. Chi
na –
the
wor
ld’s
larg
est s
oybe
an b
uyer
– s
atis
fies
90 p
erce
nt o
f its
soy
bean
requ
irem
ents
th
roug
h im
ports
, with
US
bean
s ac
coun
ting
for
mor
e th
an o
ne-th
ird o
f its
pur
chas
es. C
onsi
derin
g th
e im
porta
nce
of s
oybe
an t
rade
for
bot
h co
untri
es,
Chi
na’s
anno
unce
men
t tri
gger
ed t
empo
rary
pr
ices
resp
onse
s an
d sh
ifts
in b
uyin
g pa
ttern
s at
the
natio
nal a
nd g
loba
l lev
el. T
he tw
o co
untri
es a
re
enga
ged
in n
egot
iatio
ns a
imed
at s
ettli
ng th
eir t
rade
dis
pute
(whi
ch o
rigin
ated
from
a fi
eld
unre
late
d to
ag
ricul
tura
l mar
kets
), in
a b
id to
ave
rt re
cour
se to
reta
liato
ry ta
riff m
easu
res.
134
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Trad
e di
sput
esU
nite
d St
ates
, C
hina
July
Soyb
eans
On
6 Ju
ly, a
fter s
ever
al ro
unds
of b
ilate
ral t
rade
talk
s, th
e U
nite
d St
ates
impo
sed
a 25
per
cent
impo
rt ta
riff o
n m
ostly
indu
stria
l Chi
nese
pro
duct
s w
orth
USD
34
billio
n, p
rom
ptin
g C
hina
to le
vy im
port
taxe
s on
the
sam
e va
lue
of U
S pr
oduc
ts, i
nclu
ding
sev
eral
agr
icul
tura
l goo
ds (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
May
’18)
. Of
parti
cula
r rel
evan
ce is
Chi
na’s
25 p
erce
nt re
talia
tory
tariff
on
impo
rts o
f US
soyb
eans
, bot
h bl
ack
and
yello
w, w
hich
bro
ught
the
tota
l dut
y ch
arge
d on
suc
h im
ports
to 3
8 pe
rcen
t (N
B: fo
r Chi
na, b
y fa
r the
w
orld
’s la
rges
t soy
bean
buy
er, t
he U
nite
d St
ates
is th
e se
cond
larg
est s
uppl
ier;
on th
e ot
her h
and,
ab
out 6
0 pe
rcen
t of t
he U
nite
d St
ates
’ soy
bean
exp
orts
are
dire
cted
to C
hina
). Be
side
s tri
gger
ing
an
abru
pt s
low
dow
n in
Chi
na’s
soyb
ean
purc
hase
s fro
m th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, the
mea
sure
has
affe
cted
pr
ices
for s
oybe
ans a
nd se
vera
l oth
er c
omm
oditi
es in
a n
umbe
r of c
ount
ries,
giv
ing
rise
to a
succ
essi
on
of a
djus
tmen
ts in
glo
bal t
rade
flow
s. A
dditi
onal
adj
ustm
ents
in o
vera
ll tra
de p
atte
rns
can
be e
xpec
ted
if th
e co
ncer
ned
tariff
bar
riers
rem
ain
in p
lace
. The
trad
e te
nsio
n be
twee
n th
e tw
o co
untri
es c
ould
es
cala
te fu
rther
, con
side
ring
that
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es c
onfir
med
its
inte
ntio
n to
sta
rt co
llect
ing
tariff
s on
an
addi
tiona
l USD
16
billio
n of
Chi
nese
impo
rts a
s of
23
Augu
st –
a m
easu
re C
hina
is e
xpec
ted
to re
cipr
ocat
e. W
hile
gra
ins
and
oils
eeds
do
not f
eatu
re in
the
list o
f com
mod
ities
targ
eted
und
er th
e se
cond
roun
d of
tariff
s, C
hina
’s ca
talo
gue
incl
udes
US
fishm
eal.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 27
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*13
5TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Tr
ade
disp
utes
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Chi
naSe
ptem
ber
Sele
cted
oi
lsee
ds, o
ils
and
mea
ls
Afte
r bo
th s
ides
impo
sed
spec
ial t
ariff
s on
eac
h ot
her’s
exp
orts
wor
th U
SD 5
0 bi
llion
in t
he J
uly–
Augu
st p
erio
d (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
.’18)
, on
24 S
epte
mbe
r, fo
llow
ing
fresh
failu
res
in b
ilate
ral t
alks
, the
tw
o co
untri
es in
trodu
ced
addi
tiona
l tar
iffs.
In t
he n
ew r
ound
of t
rade
mea
sure
s, t
he U
nite
d St
ates
in
trodu
ced
impo
rt ta
riffs
of 1
0 pe
rcen
t on
Chi
nese
pro
duct
s w
orth
USD
200
billi
on, a
ddin
g th
at th
e ra
te c
ould
be
rais
ed to
25
perc
ent o
n 1
Janu
ary
2019
. Affe
cted
com
mod
ities
incl
ude
a nu
mbe
r of
oi
lcro
ps a
nd o
ilmea
ls, i
mpo
rts o
f whi
ch, h
owev
er, h
ave
been
neg
ligib
le in
rece
nt y
ears
. At t
he s
ame
time,
Chi
na in
trodu
ced
new
tariff
s on
U.S
. pro
duct
s w
orth
USD
60
billio
n. F
or th
e oi
lcro
ps c
ompl
ex,
Chi
na’s
addi
tiona
l tar
iffs
amou
nt to
10
perc
ent f
or c
erta
in o
ilsee
ds (e
xclu
ding
soy
bean
s, w
hich
had
be
en ta
rget
ed in
the
earli
er ro
und)
, veg
etab
le o
ils/m
eals
and
fish
oil/m
eal,
and
5 pe
rcen
t for
a n
umbe
r of
oth
er o
ilsee
ds, v
eget
able
oils
, and
mea
ls o
f ani
mal
orig
in. A
gain
, in
the
rece
nt p
ast,
Chi
na o
nly
impo
rted
smal
l qua
ntiti
es o
f the
ear
mar
ked
oils
eed
prod
ucts
from
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es.
136
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Com
preh
ensiv
e tra
de
agre
emen
ts
Can
ada,
Ja
pan
Dece
mbe
rRa
pese
ed o
il/m
eal
Base
d on
the
rece
nt e
ntry
into
forc
e of
the
Com
preh
ensi
ve a
nd P
rogr
essi
ve T
rans
-Pac
ific
Partn
ersh
ip
(CPT
PP)
agre
emen
t, C
anad
ian
indu
stry
offi
cial
s en
visa
ge n
ew e
xpor
t op
portu
nitie
s fo
r C
anad
ian
rape
seed
oil
and
mea
l in
Japa
n. C
onsi
derin
g th
at, u
nder
CPT
PP, J
apan
’s im
port
tariff
s on
the
nam
ed
prod
ucts
will
be e
limin
ated
ove
r the
nex
t five
yea
rs, t
he C
anol
a C
ounc
il of C
anad
a in
tend
s to
pro
mot
e th
e re
plac
emen
t of r
apes
eed
sale
s to
Jap
an w
ith e
xpor
ts o
f val
ue-a
dded
oil
and
mea
l and
exp
ects
ne
w ra
pese
ed c
rush
faci
litie
s to
be
set u
p in
Can
ada.
Und
er th
e en
visa
ged
scen
ario
, Can
ada
wou
ld
incr
easi
ngly
com
pete
with
Aus
tralia
, w
hich
has
enj
oyed
a f
ree
trade
agr
eem
ent
with
Jap
an s
ince
Ja
nuar
y 20
15.
137
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Com
preh
ensiv
e tra
de
agre
emen
ts
Chi
naJu
lySo
ybea
ns,
soym
eal,
rape
seed
, fis
hmea
l
Chi
na a
nnou
nced
the
rem
oval
, as
of 1
Jul
y 20
18, o
f tar
iffs
on a
larg
e nu
mbe
r of p
rodu
cts
– in
clud
ing
soyb
eans
, soy
bean
mea
l, ra
pese
ed a
nd fi
shm
eal –
impo
rted
from
Ban
glad
esh,
Indi
a, th
e La
o Pe
ople
’s De
moc
ratic
Rep
ublic
, the
Rep
ublic
of K
orea
and
Sri
Lank
a. T
he m
easu
re fo
llow
s am
endm
ents
in tr
ade
faci
litat
ion
inst
rum
ents
und
er th
e As
ia-P
acifi
c Tr
ade
Agre
emen
t (AP
TA) t
hat w
ere
plan
ned
sinc
e M
arch
20
18. F
or th
e ab
ove
liste
d co
mm
oditi
es, t
he ta
riffs
appl
ied
prio
r to
the
rem
oval
wer
e th
e M
ost F
avou
red
Nat
ion
(MFN
) rat
es o
f, re
spec
tivel
y, 3
perc
ent,
5 pe
rcen
t, 9
perc
ent a
nd 2
per
cent
. Con
side
ring
that
, in
rece
nt y
ears
, non
e of
the
five
trade
par
tner
s so
ld s
ubst
antia
l am
ount
s of
the
nam
ed c
omm
oditi
es to
C
hina
, the
tariff
rem
oval
is u
nlik
ely
to im
pact
Chi
na’s
trade
, at l
east
in th
e ne
ar te
rm –
eve
n ag
ains
t the
ba
ckdr
op o
f the
on-
goin
g Si
no-U
S tra
de d
ispu
te (s
ee b
elow
) and
its
repe
rcus
sion
s on
Chi
na’s
sour
cing
of
soy
bean
s an
d ot
her f
eeds
tuffs
.
138
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Com
preh
ensiv
e tra
de
agre
emen
ts
Indi
a, A
SEAN
, M
alay
sia
Dece
mbe
rPa
lm o
ilIn
line
with
a fr
ee tr
ade
agre
emen
t sig
ned
with
ASE
AN in
200
9, In
dia
has
low
ered
its
tariff
on
palm
oi
l im
ports
from
ASE
AN n
atio
ns, e
ffect
ive
1 Ja
nuar
y 20
19. F
or c
rude
and
refin
ed p
alm
oil,
the
rate
ha
s be
en re
duce
d, re
spec
tivel
y, fro
m 4
4 pe
rcen
t to
40 p
erce
nt a
nd fr
om 5
4 pe
rcen
t to
50 p
erce
nt.
Und
er a
sep
arat
e, b
ilate
ral t
reat
y w
ith M
alay
sia
(Mal
aysi
a In
dia
Com
preh
ensi
ve E
cono
mic
Coo
pera
tion
Agre
emen
t), s
hipm
ents
of r
efine
d M
alay
sian
pal
m o
il w
ill be
taxe
d at
a re
duce
d ra
te o
f 45
perc
ent,
from
1 J
anua
ry 2
019.
As
thes
e re
duct
ions
will
narro
w In
dia’
s du
ty d
iffer
ence
bet
wee
n pa
lm o
il an
d co
mpe
ting
vege
tabl
e oi
ls (s
ee M
PPU
Mar
.’18)
, the
cou
ntry
’s pu
rcha
ses
of p
alm
oil a
re e
xpec
ted
to ri
se
in th
e co
min
g m
onth
s, w
ith M
alay
sian
exp
orte
rs o
f refi
ned
palm
oil
enjo
ying
an
addi
tiona
l adv
anta
ge.
In th
e m
eant
ime,
Indi
an fa
rmer
and
indu
stry
repr
esen
tativ
es h
ave
expr
esse
d co
ncer
n th
at th
e im
port
conc
essi
ons
will
disc
oura
ge d
omes
tic o
ilsee
d pr
oduc
tion,
hal
t the
exp
ansi
on o
f pal
m p
lant
atio
ns a
nd
hurt
loca
l oil
refin
ers.
139
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Com
preh
ensiv
e tra
de
agre
emen
ts
Indi
a,
Mal
aysi
aDe
cem
ber
Palm
oil
The
Com
preh
ensi
ve E
cono
mic
Coo
pera
tion
Agre
emen
t si
gned
bet
wee
n th
e tw
o co
untri
es in
201
1 pr
ovid
es f
or a
cut
, fro
m 1
Jan
uary
201
9, in
Indi
a’s
impo
rt du
ties
on M
alay
sian
pal
m o
il. T
he n
ew
pref
eren
tial t
ariff
rate
s fo
r cru
de a
nd re
fined
pal
m o
il w
ill be
, res
pect
ivel
y, 40
per
cent
and
45
perc
ent.
For c
ompa
rison
, Ind
ia’s
curre
nt M
FN ra
tes
for c
rude
and
refin
ed p
alm
oil
stan
d at
44
and
54 p
erce
nt.
28 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*14
0TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
C
ompr
ehen
sive
trade
ag
reem
ents
Indo
nesi
a,
Paki
stan
Nov
embe
rPa
lm o
ilTh
e tw
o na
tions
are
con
duct
ing
nego
tiatio
ns to
con
vert
an e
xist
ing
pref
eren
tial t
rade
pac
t int
o a
mor
e co
mpr
ehen
sive
free
trad
e ag
reem
ent,
whi
ch c
ould
fost
er In
done
sia’
s pa
lm o
il sh
ipm
ents
to P
akis
tan
and
stre
ngth
en P
akis
tan’
s ro
le a
s a
regi
onal
trad
e an
d in
vest
men
t hub
for p
alm
oil
prod
ucts
.
141
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Com
preh
ensiv
e tra
de
agre
emen
ts
Indo
nesi
a,
Switz
erla
ndO
ctob
erPa
lm o
ilTh
e tw
o co
untri
es c
oncl
uded
free
trad
e ne
gotia
tions
as p
art o
f a C
ompr
ehen
sive
Eco
nom
ic P
artn
ersh
ip
Agre
emen
t bet
wee
n In
done
sia
and
EFTA
(the
Eur
opea
n Fr
ee T
rade
Ass
ocia
tion
com
pris
ing
Icel
and,
Li
echt
enst
ein,
Nor
way
and
Sw
itzer
land
). In
done
sia’
s pa
lm o
il sh
ipm
ents
are
exp
ecte
d to
ben
efit f
rom
th
e ag
reem
ent,
subj
ect t
o pr
ovis
ions
rega
rdin
g th
e su
stai
nabi
lity
of p
rodu
ctio
n an
d pr
ovid
ed th
ey d
o no
t har
m S
wis
s oi
lsee
d pr
oduc
tion.
142
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Com
preh
ensiv
e tra
de
agre
emen
ts
Repu
blic
of
Kor
ea,
Mer
cosu
r
Mar
chSo
ybea
ns,
mai
zeAf
ter c
onsu
ltatio
ns w
ith th
e Pr
esid
ent o
f Bra
zil, t
he G
over
nmen
t of t
he R
ep. o
f Kor
ea a
nnou
nced
its
inte
ntio
n to
rest
art t
rade
talk
s w
ith th
e M
erco
sur t
rade
blo
c in
the
first
hal
f of 2
018,
focu
sing
, int
er a
lia,
on th
e bl
oc’s
soyb
ean
and
mai
ze e
xpor
ts to
the
Rep.
of K
orea
.
143
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Com
preh
ensiv
e tra
de
agre
emen
ts
Turk
ey,
Repu
blic
of
Serb
ia
Janu
ary
Sunfl
ower
seed
s,
sunfl
ower
oil
Und
er a
rece
ntly
sig
ned
free
trade
agr
eem
ent b
etw
een
the
Repu
blic
of S
erbi
a an
d Tu
rkey
, the
form
er
will
enjo
y du
ty fr
ee q
uota
s fo
r exp
orts
of s
unflo
wer
see
d an
d cr
ude/
refin
ed s
unflo
wer
oil
to T
urke
y.
144
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Com
preh
ensiv
e tra
de
agre
emen
ts
Uni
ted
Stat
es,
Mex
ico,
C
anad
a
Sept
embe
rAl
l cro
psTh
e th
ree
coun
tries
agr
eed
to re
plac
e N
AFTA
, the
free
trad
e ag
reem
ent s
igne
d in
199
4, w
ith th
e U
nite
d St
ates
-Mex
ico-
Can
ada
Agre
emen
t. Th
e ne
w tr
ade
acco
rd w
ill no
t affe
ct m
arke
t acc
ess
for o
ilcro
ps a
s al
l pre
viou
s tra
de fa
cilit
atio
n pr
ovis
ions
are
exp
ecte
d to
rem
ain
in p
lace
with
out m
odifi
catio
n. T
he n
ew
agre
emen
t is
pois
ed to
exp
ire a
fter 1
6 ye
ars.
145
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
–
Com
preh
ensiv
e tra
de
agre
emen
ts
Viet
Nam
Janu
ary
Oils
eeds
, oi
lsee
d pr
oduc
tsIn
line
with
pro
visi
ons
of a
num
ber
of r
egio
nal a
nd b
ilate
ral f
ree
trade
agr
eem
ents
con
cern
ing
the
coun
try, t
he G
over
nmen
t of V
iet N
am lo
wer
ed o
r elim
inat
ed th
e na
tion’
s im
port
tariff
s on
oils
eed
and
oils
eed
prod
ucts
sta
rting
in J
anua
ry 2
018.
Cou
ntrie
s or
cou
ntry
gro
ups
bene
fittin
g fro
m t
he t
ariff
adju
stm
ents
incl
ude:
ASE
AN, A
ustra
lia, C
hile
, Chi
na, E
AEU
, Ind
ia, J
apan
, the
Rep
. of K
orea
and
New
Ze
alan
d.
146
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Se
ctor
-spe
cific
bila
tera
l in
itiat
ives
Chi
na,
Kaza
khst
anM
ayRa
pese
ed,
rape
seed
mea
lAc
cord
ing
to m
edia
rep
orts
, th
e tw
o co
untri
es a
gree
d to
rel
ax s
anita
ry r
equi
rem
ents
rel
ated
to
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
ct tr
ade
– a
deve
lopm
ent t
hat c
ould
boo
st K
azak
hsta
n’s
ship
men
ts o
f rap
esee
d an
d ra
pese
ed m
eal t
o C
hina
. (Se
e al
so M
PPU
Jan
. & A
pr.’1
7).
147
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Se
ctor
-spe
cific
bila
tera
l in
itiat
ives
Chi
na,
Mal
aysi
aSe
ptem
ber
Palm
oil
A re
cent
ly s
igne
d m
emor
andu
m b
etw
een
Chi
na’s
stat
e-ow
ned
grai
n tra
ding
gro
up C
OFC
O a
nd a
go
vern
men
t-ow
ned
Mal
aysi
an p
alm
oil
corp
orat
ion
aim
s at
the
prom
otio
n of
pal
m o
il re
late
d ve
ntur
es
and
incr
ease
d tra
de b
etw
een
the
two
coun
tries
. Acc
ordi
ng to
med
ia re
ports
, the
agr
eem
ent r
each
ed
envi
sage
s i) jo
int p
roje
cts o
n th
e hea
lth b
enefi
ts o
f pal
m o
il pro
duct
s, ii)
inve
stm
ents
in th
e man
ufac
turin
g of
spe
cial
ty o
ils/fa
ts, a
nd iii
) col
labo
rativ
e eff
orts
to d
evel
op th
e m
arke
t for
hig
h-va
lue
palm
oil p
rodu
cts
in C
hina
. (Se
e al
so M
PPU
Oct
.’18)
148
TRAD
E PO
LIC
IES
– Se
ctor
-spe
cific
bila
tera
l in
itiat
ives
Chi
na,
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n,
Braz
il
Oct
ober
Oilc
rops
Trad
e m
itiga
tion:
Gov
ernm
ent a
nd in
dust
ry o
ffici
als
from
Chi
na a
nd th
e Ru
ssia
n Fe
dera
tion
disc
usse
d ab
out p
ossi
bilit
ies
to d
evel
op o
ilcro
p pr
oduc
tion
in th
e Fe
dera
tion’
s fa
r-eas
tern
dis
trict
s fo
r eve
ntua
l ex
porta
tion
to C
hina
. O
n th
e sa
me
subj
ect,
Chi
na’s
stat
e-ow
ned
grai
n tra
ding
gro
up C
OFC
O i
s co
ntin
uing
to e
xpan
d its
pre
senc
e in
Bra
zil’s
Cen
tre-w
est g
rain
bel
t. Th
e co
mpa
ny’s
over
all a
nnua
l pu
rcha
ses
and
expo
rts o
f mai
ze a
nd s
oybe
an in
Bra
zil a
re e
stim
ated
to h
ave
reac
hed
13 m
illion
tonn
es.
Both
mov
es h
ave
been
link
ed to
Chi
nese
effo
rts to
miti
gate
the
impa
ct o
f Chi
na’s
reta
liato
ry ta
x on
U
.S. s
oybe
ans
on d
omes
tic m
arke
ts, w
hile
redu
cing
the
coun
try’s
relia
nce
on im
porte
d so
ybea
ns fo
r fe
ed.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 29
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*14
9TR
ADE
POLI
CIE
S –
Sect
or-s
peci
fic b
ilate
ral
initi
ative
s
Mal
aysi
a,
Switz
erla
ndSe
ptem
ber
Palm
oil,
ra
pese
edO
ffici
al s
ourc
es r
epor
ted
that
Mal
aysi
a an
d Sw
itzer
land
agr
eed
to c
oope
rate
on
issu
e re
latin
g to
pa
lm o
il. T
he tw
o co
untri
es d
ecid
ed to
set
up
an e
xper
t com
mitt
ee to
exp
lore
opp
ortu
nitie
s to
war
ds
sust
aina
ble
prod
uctio
n, b
ilate
ral t
rade
, ex
chan
ge o
f in
form
atio
n ab
out
rele
vant
tec
hnol
ogie
s, a
nd
poss
ible
col
labo
ratio
n in
dow
nstre
am p
alm
oil i
ndus
try a
pplic
atio
ns. C
ontri
butin
g to
add
ress
the
issu
e of
incr
easi
ngly
neg
ativ
e co
nsum
er p
erce
ptio
n, th
e bi
late
ral i
nitia
tive
is a
imed
at s
ecur
ing
Mal
aysi
a’s
palm
oil
expo
rts t
o Sw
itzer
land
– w
ithou
t ha
rmin
g Sw
itzer
land
’s ra
pese
ed p
rodu
cers
. Sw
itzer
land
m
aint
ains
its
targ
et o
f cov
erin
g ab
out o
ne th
ird o
f dom
estic
veg
etab
le o
il con
sum
ptio
n th
roug
h lo
cally
pr
oduc
ed ra
pese
ed.
150
MAR
KET
REG
ULA
TIO
NC
hina
Febr
uary
Rape
seed
oil
The
last
roun
d of
rape
seed
oil
sale
s fro
m s
tate
rese
rves
com
pris
ed o
nly
four
auc
tions
, hel
d be
twee
n m
id-J
anua
ry a
nd e
arly
Feb
ruar
y 20
18. I
n to
tal,
som
e 15
4 th
ousa
nd to
nnes
of r
apes
eed
oil h
ave
been
off
ered
, virt
ually
all
of w
hich
foun
d a
buye
r. Av
erag
e au
ctio
n pr
ices
rang
ed fr
om C
NY
6 00
0 to
CN
Y 6
343
per t
onne
(res
pect
ivel
y, U
SD 9
47 a
nd 1
001
). Du
ring
the
two
prec
edin
g ca
mpa
igns
, sal
es fr
om
gove
rnm
ent r
eser
ves
wer
e co
nsid
erab
ly h
ighe
r, am
ount
ing
to, r
espe
ctiv
ely,
2.3
and
2 m
illion
tonn
es.
The
shar
p dr
op in
dis
posa
ls p
oint
s to
a c
ontra
ctio
n in
pub
lic s
tock
s, w
hich
wou
ld g
o ha
nd in
han
d w
ith th
e go
vern
men
t’s d
ecis
ion
to te
rmin
ate
natio
nwid
e ra
pese
ed p
rocu
rem
ent a
nd s
tock
pilin
g (s
ee
MPP
U J
uly’
15).
151
MAR
KET
REG
ULA
TIO
NC
hina
June
Soyb
ean,
soy
oil,
rape
seed
oil
This
yea
r, pu
blic
sal
es fr
om s
tate
-hol
d in
vent
orie
s of
soy
bean
and
soy
bean
oil s
tarte
d in
Jun
e, w
here
as
thos
e of
rap
esee
d oi
l res
umed
– a
fter
a fir
st r
ound
in J
anua
ry a
nd e
arly
Feb
ruar
y –
in J
uly.
As fo
r so
ybea
ns a
nd s
oybe
an o
il, u
p to
end
-Jul
y, to
tal v
olum
es o
ffere
d am
ount
ed to
, res
pect
ivel
y, 3.
1 an
d 0.
3 m
illion
tonn
es, o
f whi
ch 3
3 pe
rcen
t and
19
perc
ent,
resp
ectiv
ely,
have
foun
d a
buye
r. Th
e av
erag
e pr
ice
achi
eved
for s
oybe
ans
was
CN
Y 3
008
(USD
437
) per
tonn
e, a
nd C
NY
5 00
1 (U
SD 7
27) p
er to
nne
for s
oybe
an o
il. R
egar
ding
rape
seed
oil,
in th
e fir
st ro
und,
tota
l offe
rs, t
he a
ctua
l pur
chas
e ra
te a
nd
the
aver
age
pric
e ac
hiev
ed a
mou
nted
to, r
espe
ctiv
ely,
212
000
tonn
es, 9
8 pe
rcen
t, an
d C
NY
6 21
1 (U
SD 9
02) p
er to
nne,
whe
reas
the
corre
spon
ding
figu
res
for t
he m
onth
of J
uly
wer
e 12
2 00
0 to
nnes
, 47
per
cent
and
CN
Y 6
039
(USD
877
).
152
MAR
KET
REG
ULA
TIO
NC
hina
Sept
embe
rSo
ybea
ns,
soyo
il, ra
pese
ed
oil
By e
nd-S
epte
mbe
r, th
is y
ear’s
cum
ulat
ive
sale
s of
soy
bean
s fro
m s
tate
-hol
d in
vent
orie
s st
ood
at
1.64
milli
on to
nnes
, whi
ch c
ompa
res
to a
tota
l offe
r of 5
.26
milli
on to
nnes
. The
ave
rage
sal
es p
rices
re
alize
d w
as C
NY
3 01
7 (U
SD 4
35) p
er to
nne.
For
soy
bean
oil
and
rape
seed
oil,
the
tota
l vol
umes
off
ered
am
ount
ed t
o, r
espe
ctiv
ely,
0.62
and
0.4
8 m
illion
ton
nes,
of w
hich
, res
pect
ivel
y, 21
per
cent
an
d 17
per
cent
foun
d a
buye
r. Th
e av
erag
e pe
r-ton
ne p
rices
ach
ieve
d w
ere
CN
Y 5
000
(USD
720
) for
so
ybea
n oi
l and
CN
Y 6
029
(USD
869
) for
rape
seed
oil.
153
MAR
KET
REG
ULA
TIO
NC
hina
Oct
ober
Prot
ein
feed
Trad
e m
itiga
tion:
The
cen
tral G
over
nmen
t bac
ked
new
vol
unta
ry s
tand
ards
app
rove
d by
the
coun
try’s
Feed
Indu
stry
Ass
ocia
tion
to p
rom
ote
a sh
ift to
war
ds h
igh-
effici
ency
low
-pro
tein
ani
mal
die
ts. U
nder
th
e re
vise
d no
rms,
the
reco
mm
ende
d m
inim
um p
rote
in in
clus
ion
rate
in fe
ed fo
rmul
atio
ns h
as b
een
low
ered
by
1.5
perc
enta
ge p
oint
s fo
r pi
g fe
ed a
nd 1
per
cent
age
poin
t fo
r po
ultry
feed
. Acc
ordi
ng
to g
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s, th
e ne
w g
uide
lines
cou
ld lo
wer
Chi
na’s
annu
al s
oybe
an re
quire
men
t by
up
to 1
4 m
illion
tonn
es, w
hich
wou
ld c
orre
spon
d to
a 1
5 pe
rcen
t fal
l fro
m c
urre
nt c
onsu
mpt
ion
leve
ls.
The
mov
e is
par
t of a
set
of m
easu
res
mea
nt to
miti
gate
the
impa
ct o
f Chi
na’s
reta
liato
ry ta
x on
U.S
. so
ybea
ns o
n do
mes
tic m
arke
ts, w
hile
redu
cing
the
coun
try’s
relia
nce
on im
porte
d so
ybea
ns fo
r fee
d.
154
MAR
KET
REG
ULA
TIO
NC
hina
Dece
mbe
rSo
ybea
nsTr
ade
miti
gatio
n: D
urin
g 20
18, c
umul
ativ
e off
ers
of s
oybe
ans
from
gov
ernm
ent r
eser
ves
have
bee
n ra
ised
to 5
.66
milli
on to
nnes
(as
oppo
sed
to 0
.55
milli
on to
nnes
last
yea
r), w
ith a
ctua
l sal
es to
tallin
g 2.
01 m
illion
tonn
es (c
ompa
red
to 0
.22
milli
on to
nnes
in 2
017)
. The
mov
e is
par
t of a
set
of m
easu
res
mea
nt to
miti
gate
the
impa
ct o
f Chi
na’s
reta
liato
ry ta
x on
U.S
. soy
bean
s on
dom
estic
mar
kets
, whi
le
redu
cing
the
coun
try’s
relia
nce
on im
porte
d so
ybea
ns fo
r fee
d.
30 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*15
5M
ARKE
T RE
GU
LATI
ON
Sene
gal
Mar
chG
roun
dnut
The
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Sen
egal
sig
ned
a m
emor
andu
m o
f und
erst
andi
ng w
ith in
dust
ry s
take
hold
ers
to
regu
late
the
mar
ketin
g of
raw
and
refin
ed g
roun
dnut
oil
in th
e co
untry
. The
agr
eem
ent d
efine
s sa
le
and
purc
hase
obl
igat
ions
of a
rtisa
nal p
roce
ssor
s an
d in
dust
rial r
efine
rs, w
hile
the
Gov
ernm
ent
will
be in
cha
rge
of o
pera
ting
safe
ty re
serv
es a
nd re
gula
ting
impo
rts. T
he in
itiat
ive
is a
imed
at i
mpr
ovin
g do
mes
tic m
arke
t tra
nspa
renc
y an
d effi
cien
cy w
hile
impr
ovin
g co
nsum
er a
cces
s to
edi
ble
grou
ndnu
t oi
l.
156
MAR
KET
REG
ULA
TIO
NSr
i Lan
kaFe
brua
ryC
ocon
utC
onfro
nted
with
per
sist
ently
hig
h m
arke
t pric
es fo
r co
conu
t, th
e G
over
nmen
t con
firm
ed it
s pl
an to
te
mpo
raril
y pe
rmit
the
impo
rtatio
n of
fres
h un
husk
ed c
ocon
ut (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e’17
). Re
porte
dly,
the
coun
ty’s
quar
antin
e la
w h
as a
lread
y be
en re
vise
d to
ena
ble
trade
rs to
impo
rt co
conu
t ker
nels
. In
Sri L
anka
, con
sum
er p
rices
sur
ged
as d
omes
tic c
ocon
ut o
utpu
t tum
bled
on
the
back
of p
rolo
nged
dr
ough
t an
d pe
st a
ttack
s. T
he r
elea
se o
f pu
blic
ly h
eld
coco
nut
stoc
ks (s
ee M
PPU
Oct
.’17)
bar
ely
calm
ed th
e m
arke
t. As
for t
he g
over
nmen
t-im
pose
d pr
ice
of L
KR 7
5 pe
r nut
(USD
0.4
8), t
he re
spon
sibl
e st
ate
agen
cy in
form
ed th
at le
gal a
ctio
n ha
s be
en ta
ken
agai
nst t
rade
rs w
ho s
old
nuts
for m
ore
than
the
cont
rolle
d pr
ice.
Mea
nwhi
le, t
he c
ount
ry’s
coco
nut g
row
ers
asso
ciat
ion
voic
ed it
s op
posi
tion
to a
ny
type
of c
ocon
ut im
porta
tion,
sta
ting
that
fore
ign
purc
hase
s w
ould
dam
age
the
loca
l ind
ustry
and
its
repu
tatio
n fo
r hig
h-qu
ality
coc
onut
pro
duct
s.
157
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Can
ada
Febr
uary
Satu
rate
d fa
tTh
e C
anad
ian
Gov
ernm
ent i
nvite
d pu
blic
com
men
ts o
n pr
opos
ed fr
ont-o
f-pac
kage
labe
ling
regu
latio
ns
that
wou
ld b
e ai
med
at a
ddre
ssin
g th
e in
crea
sing
pre
vale
nce
of n
utrit
ion-
rela
ted
chro
nic
dise
ases
in
the
coun
try. U
nder
the
prop
osed
rule
s, c
onsu
mer
s w
ould
be
prov
ided
with
rele
vant
info
rmat
ion
as to
w
heth
er a
food
exc
eeds
cer
tain
thre
shol
ds in
any
of t
he th
ree
nutri
ents
of c
once
rn –
sat
urat
ed fa
t, so
dium
and
sug
ar. T
he in
dust
ry w
ould
hav
e un
til D
ecem
ber 2
022
to c
ompl
y w
ith th
e ne
w la
bellin
g re
gula
tions
.
158
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Chi
naM
arch
Gro
undn
ut,
cotto
nsee
dC
hina
invi
ted
com
men
ts o
n its
dra
ft C
ode
of P
ract
ice
for t
he P
reve
ntio
n an
d Re
duct
ion
of A
flato
xin
Con
tam
inat
ion
in F
ood.
The
pro
pose
d re
gula
tion
appl
ies,
inte
r alia
, to
grou
ndnu
ts a
nd c
otto
nsee
d.
159
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Chi
naAp
rilO
live
oil
A ne
w fr
aud
case
con
cern
ing
oliv
e oi
l has
bee
n re
porte
d fro
m C
hina
. Acc
ordi
ng to
med
ia s
ourc
es,
a pr
ovin
cial
foo
d sa
fety
offi
ce u
ncov
ered
a f
raud
sch
eme
in w
hich
coo
king
oil
com
pani
es m
isle
d co
nsum
ers
by d
elib
erat
ely
over
stat
ing
the
perc
enta
ge o
f oliv
e oi
l con
tain
ed in
bot
tled
oil b
lend
s. In
ge
nera
l, oliv
e oi
l is va
lued
by c
onsu
mer
s for
its h
ealth
pro
perti
es a
nd fe
tche
s sig
nific
ant p
rice
prem
ium
s ov
er o
ther
edi
ble
oils
. Chi
na’s
impo
rts o
f oliv
e oi
l hav
e ris
en c
onst
antly
in re
cent
yea
rs.
160
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Eura
sian
Ec
onom
ic
Uni
on
Janu
ary
Tran
s fa
tAs
of 1
Jan
uary
201
8, in
the
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n an
d th
e re
mai
nder
of t
he E
uras
ian
Econ
omic
Uni
on,
the
max
imum
per
mitt
ed p
erce
ntag
e of
tran
s fa
ts in
food
pro
duct
has
bee
n se
t at 2
per
cent
of t
otal
fa
t co
nten
t. Lo
wer
ed g
radu
ally
from
20
perc
ent
in 2
013,
the
new
thr
esho
ld a
pplie
s to
mar
garin
es,
fat-v
eget
able
spr
eads
and
ren
dere
d m
ixtu
res,
milk
fat
sub
stitu
tes,
cac
ao b
utte
r an
d ca
cao
butte
r eq
uiva
lent
s. T
rans
fat l
evel
s as
a p
erce
nt o
f tot
al fa
t mus
t be
indi
cate
d on
pro
duct
labe
ls.
161
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Euro
pean
U
nion
Mar
chO
live
oil
The
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
invi
ted
publ
ic c
omm
ents
on
two
prop
osed
am
endm
ents
to
the
bloc
’s la
bellin
g re
gula
tions
for
oliv
e oi
l. O
ne c
once
rns
info
rmat
ion
on c
erta
in p
hysi
oche
mic
al p
aram
eter
s w
hen
acid
ity le
vels
are
men
tione
d on
labe
ls a
nd t
he o
ther
det
erm
ines
und
er w
hich
con
ditio
ns t
he
harv
est y
ear s
houl
d be
sho
wn
on p
rodu
ct la
bels
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 31
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*16
2FO
OD
STAN
DARD
S &
FOO
D SA
FETY
/HEA
LTH
PO
LIC
IES
Euro
pean
U
nion
Oct
ober
Tran
s fa
tTh
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on p
ropo
sed
setti
ng a
n EU
-wid
e m
axim
um li
mit
of 2
per
cent
for t
rans
fats
(o
ther
tha
n tra
ns fa
t na
tura
lly o
ccur
ring
in a
nim
al fa
t) in
food
pro
duct
s. U
nder
the
dra
ft re
gula
tion,
fo
od o
pera
tors
wou
ld h
ave
until
1 A
pril 2
021
to e
nsur
e co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith th
e ne
w re
quire
men
t. In
dust
ry
stak
ehol
ders
hav
e be
en g
iven
4 w
eeks
to
subm
it co
mm
ents
on
the
prop
osal
. In
rece
nt y
ears
, the
pr
esen
ce o
f hyd
roge
nate
d ve
geta
ble
oils
– th
e pr
imar
y di
etar
y so
urce
of i
ndus
trial
tran
s fa
ts –
has
bee
n re
gula
ted
in s
ever
al c
ount
ries,
incl
udin
g a
num
ber o
f EU
mem
ber s
tate
s (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Feb
.’16,
Oct
./De
c.’1
7 &
May
/Aug
.’18)
. Acc
ordi
ng to
an
EU c
onsu
mer
org
aniza
tion,
whi
le a
vera
ge le
vels
of i
ndus
trial
tra
ns fa
t in
food
s de
crea
sed
in g
ener
al, c
onte
nt o
f the
unh
ealth
y fa
tty a
cid
can
rem
ain
high
in s
peci
fic
prod
ucts
in s
ome
coun
tries
. The
gro
up re
gret
ted
the
envi
sage
d lo
ng tr
ansi
tion
perio
d.
163
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aFe
brua
ryEd
ible
oils
In In
dia,
the
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Ker
ala
Stat
e ba
nned
28
bran
ds o
f edi
ble
oil b
ased
on
prob
es s
how
ing
that
coc
onut
oil
bottl
ed in
Tam
il N
adu
had
been
adu
ltera
ted
with
oth
er, u
nspe
cifie
d ve
geta
ble
oils
. Ad
ulte
ratio
n of
coc
onut
oil
with
che
aper
pro
duce
is w
idel
y pr
actic
ed in
tim
es o
f sca
rce
coco
nut o
il su
pplie
s (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jun
e &
July’
16).
To a
ddre
ss th
e pr
oble
m, K
eral
a’s
auth
oriti
es p
lan
to a
naly
ze
edib
le o
ils s
yste
mat
ical
ly. F
unds
hav
e be
en e
arm
arke
d fo
r se
tting
up
loca
l lab
orat
orie
s, in
clud
ing
mob
ile f
ood
test
ing
units
. O
n a
rela
ted
note
, a
coco
nut
oil m
anuf
actu
rer
in K
eral
a ha
s la
unch
ed
offici
ally
cer
tified
coc
onut
oil b
lend
s, a
llege
dly
guar
ante
eing
bot
h pr
oduc
t saf
ety
and
affor
dabl
e pr
ices
. Re
porte
dly,
the
blen
ds c
onta
inin
g ei
ther
sun
flow
er o
il or
pal
m o
lein
are
sol
d at
, res
pect
ivel
y, IN
R 12
6 an
d IN
R 10
5 pe
r lite
r (U
SD 1
.94
and
1.61
), w
hich
com
pare
s to
pric
es o
f ove
r IN
R 20
0 (U
SD 3
.07)
for
unm
ixed
coc
onut
oil.
164
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aM
arch
Oils
& fa
ts
labe
lling
New
labe
lling
and
disp
lay
regu
latio
ns fo
r pre
-pac
kage
d fo
ods
prop
osed
by
Indi
a’s
Food
Sta
ndar
d an
d Sa
fety
Aut
horit
y (F
SSAI
) env
isag
e m
anda
tory
fron
t-of-p
acka
ge d
ecla
ratio
n of
nut
ritio
nal d
ata.
Lab
els
will
have
to in
clud
e in
form
atio
n on
the
amou
nt o
f tot
al fa
t and
tran
s fa
ts a
s w
ell a
s on
per
-ser
ving
pe
rcen
tage
con
tribu
tions
to
reco
mm
ende
d di
etar
y al
low
ance
s, i
nclu
ding
spe
cial
men
tion
whe
n sp
ecifi
c th
resh
olds
are
exc
eede
d. F
SSAI
als
o op
ened
for c
omm
ent p
ropo
sals
to: i
) rev
ise
the
exis
ting
stan
dard
s fo
r mus
tard
/rape
seed
oil,
pal
m o
il and
hyd
roge
nate
d co
okin
g oi
l; ii)
incl
ude
pero
xide
val
ues
in th
e st
anda
rd o
f all
vege
tabl
e oi
ls; a
nd ii
i) is
sue
new
sta
ndar
ds fo
r the
var
ious
frac
tions
of p
alm
oil.
Th
e va
rious
pro
posa
ls a
re a
imed
at
impr
ovin
g co
nsum
er in
form
atio
n an
d al
low
ing
to a
scer
tain
oil
auth
entic
ity, i
n ad
ditio
n to
add
ress
ing
indu
stry
nee
ds.
165
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aJu
neC
ocon
ut o
ilO
n 2
June
, the
food
saf
ety
auth
oriti
es o
f Ker
ala
Stat
e ba
nned
the
man
ufac
ture
, sto
rage
, sal
e an
d di
strib
utio
n of
45
bran
ds o
f coc
onut
oil
with
imm
edia
te e
ffect
, acc
ordi
ng to
loca
l pre
ss re
ports
. The
de
cisi
on w
as ta
ken
afte
r sam
ples
wer
e fo
und
adul
tera
ted
and
unsa
fe fo
r hum
an c
onsu
mpt
ion
(see
also
M
PPU
Mar
.’18)
.
166
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aJu
lyEd
ible
oil
labe
lling
Acco
rdin
g to
med
ia re
ports
, the
cou
ntry
’s Fo
od S
afet
y an
d St
anda
rds
Auth
ority
(FSS
AI) p
ropo
sed
to
mak
e it
man
dato
ry fo
r man
ufac
ture
rs o
f ble
nded
oils
to d
iscl
ose
the
exac
t ble
nd in
per
cent
age
term
s on
pro
duct
labe
ls a
nd to
add
the
follo
win
g m
entio
n: ‘B
lend
ed E
dibl
e Ve
geta
ble
Oil’
and
‘Not
to b
e so
ld
loos
e’. T
he m
easu
re is
aim
ed a
t ena
blin
g co
nsum
ers
to m
ake
info
rmed
cho
ices
. FSS
AI a
lso
issu
ed
new
nor
ms,
effe
ctiv
e 1
July,
for f
ood
busi
ness
ope
rato
rs to
mon
itor t
he q
ualit
y of
edi
ble
oils
dur
ing
fryin
g.
167
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aN
ovem
ber
Edib
le o
ilsIn
dia’
s Fo
od a
nd D
rug
Adm
inis
tratio
n or
dere
d th
e cl
osur
e of
an
edib
le o
il br
andi
ng a
nd re
pack
agin
g fa
cilit
y af
ter d
etec
ting
sale
s of
adu
ltera
ted
oil.
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e co
ncer
ned
oper
ator
ble
nded
rela
tivel
y ex
pens
ive
mus
tard
oil
with
che
aper
edi
ble
oils
and
faile
d to
test
his
pro
duct
s pe
riodi
cally
bef
ore
sale
.
168
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Indi
aDe
cem
ber
Coc
onut
oil
New
cas
es o
f coc
onut
oil a
dulte
ratio
n ha
ve b
een
dete
cted
in th
e st
ate
of K
eral
a. A
fter b
anni
ng c
lose
to
100
bran
ds b
etw
een
May
and
Jun
e 20
18, i
n De
cem
ber,
loca
l foo
d au
thor
ities
ban
ned
the
man
ufac
ture
, st
orag
e, d
istri
butio
n an
d sa
le o
f ano
ther
74
bran
ds.
32 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*16
9FO
OD
STAN
DARD
S &
FOO
D SA
FETY
/HEA
LTH
PO
LIC
IES
Mor
occo
Dece
mbe
rO
live
oil
Acco
rdin
g to
med
ia re
ports
, the
cou
ntry
’s In
terio
r Min
istry
has
inte
nsifi
ed it
s eff
orts
to c
omba
t sal
es o
f ad
ulte
rate
d ol
ive
oil.
Repo
rtedl
y, sa
les
of u
nreg
ulat
ed p
rodu
cts
cont
aini
ng b
lend
s of
diff
eren
t veg
etab
le
oils
as
wel
l as
toxi
c su
bsta
nces
hav
e be
en d
etec
ted
in s
ever
al p
arts
of t
he c
ount
ry.
170
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Thai
land
July
Tran
s fa
tTh
aila
nd’s
ban
on th
e pr
oduc
tion,
impo
rtatio
n an
d sa
le o
f par
tially
hyd
roge
nate
d oi
ls (P
HO
s) a
nd fo
ods
cont
aini
ng th
e sa
me
has
com
e in
to fo
rce
on 1
3 Ju
ly 2
018
(see
also
MPP
U J
an.’1
7). G
ener
ated
whe
n pl
ant o
ils a
re p
roce
ssed
to in
crea
se th
eir s
tabi
lity
and
func
tiona
lity,
PHO
s re
pres
ent t
he p
rimar
y di
etar
y so
urce
of a
rtific
ial t
rans
fat i
n pr
oces
sed
food
s. T
he b
an b
uild
s on
evi
denc
e of
tran
s fa
t int
ake
rais
ing
the
risk
of c
oron
ary
hear
t dis
ease
s. T
o al
low
for a
n or
derly
tran
sitio
n in
the
mar
ketp
lace
the
indu
stry
ha
s be
en g
rant
ed a
180
-day
gra
ce p
erio
d, w
hich
shi
fts a
ctua
l enf
orce
men
t to
9 Ja
nuar
y 20
19.
171
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Uni
ted
Stat
esM
ayTr
ans
fat
In li
ne w
ith le
gisl
atio
n pa
ssed
in 2
015,
as
of 1
8 Ju
ne 2
018,
food
pro
duct
s m
anuf
actu
red
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
are
no
long
er a
llow
ed t
o co
ntai
n pa
rtial
ly h
ydro
gena
ted
oils
, or
PHO
s (s
ee M
PPU
Jul
y’15
). G
ener
ated
whe
n pl
ant o
ils a
re p
roce
ssed
to in
crea
se th
eir s
tabi
lity
and
func
tiona
lity,
PHO
s re
pres
ent
the
prim
ary
diet
ary
sour
ce o
f ar
tifici
al h
arm
ful t
rans
fat
in p
roce
ssed
foo
ds.
For
certa
in s
peci
fied
appl
icat
ions
of P
HO
s, th
e U
.S. F
ood
and
Drug
Adm
inis
tratio
n (F
DA) d
ecid
ed to
ext
end
the
com
plia
nce
date
to
1 Ju
ne 2
019.
Mor
e im
porta
ntly,
to
allo
w f
or a
n or
derly
tra
nsiti
on in
the
mar
ketp
lace
, FDA
al
so a
llow
ed m
ore
time
for a
ll pr
oduc
ts p
rodu
ced
prio
r to
18 J
une
2018
to w
ork
thei
r way
thro
ugh
dist
ribut
ion.
For
thes
e fo
ods
the
com
plia
nce
date
has
bee
n ex
tend
ed to
1 J
anua
ry 2
020.
172
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Uni
ted
Stat
esN
ovem
ber
Edib
le o
ilsAc
cord
ing
to th
e U
.S. F
ood
and
Drug
Adm
inis
tratio
n, c
redi
ble
evid
ence
sup
ports
a q
ualifi
ed h
ealth
cl
aim
that
con
sum
ing
edib
le o
ils ri
ch in
ole
ic a
cid
– suc
h as
oliv
e oi
l and
hig
h-ol
eic
varia
nts o
f sun
flow
er,
rape
seed
, saffl
ower
, soy
bean
and
alg
al o
il –
may
redu
ce th
e ris
k of
cor
onar
y he
art d
isea
se.
173
FOO
D ST
ANDA
RDS
& FO
OD
SAFE
TY/H
EALT
H
POLI
CIE
S
Wor
ld H
ealth
O
rgan
izatio
n m
embe
r co
untri
es
May
Satu
rate
d fa
tty
acid
, tra
ns fa
tTh
e W
orld
Hea
lth O
rgan
izatio
n (W
HO
) iss
ued
a ca
ll fo
r pub
lic c
omm
ents
on
draf
t gui
delin
es a
bout
the
inta
ke o
f sat
urat
ed fa
tty a
cids
and
tran
s-fa
tty a
cids
, with
the
aim
to re
duce
the
risk
of c
ardi
ovas
cula
r di
seas
es in
adu
lts a
nd c
hild
ren.
Fur
ther
mor
e, th
e or
gani
zatio
n re
leas
ed a
ste
p-by
-ste
p gu
ide
for t
he
elim
inat
ion
of h
arm
ful i
ndus
trial
ly-p
rodu
ced
trans
-fatty
aci
ds fr
om th
e fo
od s
uppl
y ch
ain.
The
gui
de
reco
mm
ends
six
stra
tegi
c ac
tions
, nam
ely:
revi
ewin
g di
etar
y so
urce
s of
tran
s fa
ts a
nd th
e la
ndsc
ape
for
requ
ired
polic
y ch
ange
; pr
omot
ing
the
repl
acem
ent
of t
rans
fat
s w
ith h
ealth
ier
fats
and
oils
; le
gisl
atin
g re
gula
tory
act
ions
to e
limin
ate
trans
fats
; ass
essi
ng tr
ans
fat c
onte
nt in
the
food
sup
ply
chai
n an
d m
onito
ring
chan
ges
in tr
ans
fat u
ptak
e; c
reat
ing
awar
enes
s of
the
nega
tive
heal
th im
pact
of
trans
fats
; and
enf
orci
ng c
ompl
ianc
e of
pol
icie
s an
d re
gula
tions
. The
WH
O’s
targ
et is
to e
limin
ate
the
harm
ful c
ompo
und
wor
ldw
ide
by 2
023.
174
SEED
& G
MO
PO
LIC
IES
Arge
ntin
aM
arch
Soyb
eans
Cul
tivat
ion
of a
new
GM
soy
bean
var
iety
resi
stan
t to
herb
icid
es c
onta
inin
g gl
ypho
sate
, glu
fosa
te a
nd
isox
aflut
ole
(‘MTS
-FG
072’
ow
ned
by B
ayer
SA)
has
bee
n ap
prov
ed in
Arg
entin
a. T
he a
ppro
val c
omes
on
the
heel
s of
a lo
ng-a
wai
ted
agre
emen
t sea
led
last
Feb
ruar
y be
twee
n th
e co
untry
's m
ain
farm
ers
and
seed
pro
duce
r as
soci
atio
ns, w
hich
pav
ed th
e w
ay fo
r ne
w s
eed
varie
ties
to re
ach
Arge
ntin
a’s
farm
ers
(see
MPP
U M
ar.’1
8).
175
SEED
& G
MO
PO
LIC
IES
Aust
ralia
Febr
uary
Rape
seed
Aust
ralia
n re
gula
tors
app
rove
d ge
netic
ally
mod
ified
(G
M)
omeg
a3-r
ich
rape
seed
for
bot
h hu
man
co
nsum
ptio
n an
d us
e in
lives
tock
/aqu
acul
ture
feed
(see
also
MPP
U J
une’
17).
Hop
ing
that
the
appr
oval
w
ill sm
ooth
en re
gula
tory
revi
ews
in o
ther
cou
ntrie
s, th
e se
ed fi
rm th
at d
evel
oped
the
new
pro
duct
st
arte
d pl
anni
ng th
e va
riety
’s co
mm
erci
al re
leas
e in
Aus
tralia
, the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, C
anad
a an
d po
ssib
ly
Chi
na. T
he c
ompa
ny in
tend
s to
prod
uce
the
crop
und
er a
clo
sed-
loop
gra
in h
andl
ing
and
oil p
roce
ssin
g sy
stem
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 33
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*17
6SE
ED &
GM
O
POLI
CIE
SBr
azil
Febr
uary
Soyb
eans
Seed
pat
ent d
ispu
te:
In B
razil
, a fe
dera
l cou
rt or
dere
d th
at p
aten
t rig
hts
for M
onsa
nto’
s G
M s
oybe
an
varie
ty 'I
ntac
taRR
2Pro
' (w
hich
was
gra
nted
in 2
012
for
a pe
riod
of 1
0 ye
ars)
be
revo
ked,
citi
ng a
re
com
men
datio
n is
sued
by
Braz
il’s p
aten
t re
gula
tor,
INPI
. In
a w
ritte
n op
inio
n, t
he p
aten
t ag
ency
ba
cked
the
posi
tion
of a
dom
estic
soy
bean
gro
wer
s as
soci
atio
n (A
pros
oja)
, whi
ch c
laim
ed th
at th
e pa
tent
was
inco
nsis
tent
with
nat
iona
l pat
ent r
egul
atio
ns. M
onsa
nto
inte
nds
to a
ppea
l the
cou
rt or
der,
whi
ch b
ars t
he c
ompa
ny fr
om c
olle
ctin
g ro
yalti
es o
n sa
les o
f the
seed
. Acc
ordi
ng to
indu
stry
est
imat
es,
abou
t 20
milli
on h
ecta
res
are
curre
ntly
pla
nted
with
the
soyb
ean
varie
ty in
que
stio
n, w
ith e
ach
hect
are
plan
ted
gene
ratin
g ro
yalty
pay
men
ts o
f abo
ut B
RL 1
30 (U
SD 3
9.69
).
177
SEED
& G
MO
PO
LIC
IES
Braz
ilM
arch
Soyb
eans
Thre
e ne
w G
M s
oybe
an v
arie
ties
(dic
amba
/gly
phos
ate
resi
stan
t ‘In
tact
a2Xt
end’
by
Mon
sant
o, a
nd tw
o lin
es o
f hig
h-ol
eic
acid
eve
nt ‘D
P-30
5423
-1’ b
y Du
Pont
) hav
e re
ceiv
ed re
gula
tory
app
rova
l in
Braz
il.
Full
com
mer
cial
laun
ch o
f the
new
var
ietie
s is
exp
ecte
d in
abo
ut 2
yea
rs, p
endi
ng th
e re
sults
of f
arm
tri
als
and
the
outc
ome
of re
gula
tory
revi
ews
in k
ey s
oybe
an im
port
mar
kets
.
178
SEED
& G
MO
PO
LIC
IES
Braz
ilJu
lySo
ybea
nsSe
ed p
aten
t di
sput
e: P
endi
ng t
he o
utco
me
of l
itiga
tion
over
a p
aten
t di
sput
e be
twee
n Br
azilia
n so
ybea
n gr
ower
s an
d se
ed c
ompa
ny M
onsa
nto,
a ju
dge
in M
ato
Gro
sso
Stat
e or
dere
d M
onsa
nto
to
depo
sit r
oyal
ties
colle
cted
on
soyb
ean
varie
ty ‘I
ntac
taRR
2Pro
’ in
an e
scro
w a
ccou
nt (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
M
ar.’1
8). S
oybe
an g
row
ers
expe
ct M
onsa
nto
to c
olle
ct B
RL 8
00 m
illion
(USD
205
milli
on) i
n ro
yalti
es
in th
e 20
17/1
8 cr
op c
ycle
.
179
SEED
& G
MO
PO
LIC
IES
Euro
pean
U
nion
, Uni
ted
Stat
es, C
hina
July
Gen
e-ed
ited
crop
sG
ene-
editi
ng: T
he C
ourt
of Ju
stic
e of t
he E
urop
ean
Uni
on ru
led
that
crop
s and
oth
er o
rgan
ism
s obt
aine
d th
roug
h re
cent
ly im
prov
ed g
enom
e ed
iting
tech
niqu
es (a
lso
know
n as
‘gen
e-ed
iting
’ or ‘
mut
agen
esis
’) fa
ll un
der E
U la
ws
regu
latin
g th
e us
e of
GM
Os.
The
rulin
g su
bjec
ts th
e na
med
org
anis
ms
– as
wel
l as
food
and
feed
pro
duct
s co
ntai
ning
them
– to
leng
thy
appr
oval
pro
cess
es a
nd s
tring
ent t
race
abilit
y, la
bellin
g an
d m
onito
ring
requ
irem
ents
. Onl
y su
ch o
rgan
ism
s th
at h
ave
conv
entio
nally
bee
n us
ed in
a
num
ber o
f app
licat
ions
and
hav
e a
long
saf
ety
reco
rd m
ay b
e ex
empt
ed. M
utag
enes
is re
fers
to a
se
t of t
echn
ique
s th
at, u
nlik
e tra
ns-g
enes
is, m
ake
it po
ssib
le to
alte
r the
gen
ome
of a
livi
ng s
peci
es
with
out t
he in
serti
on o
f for
eign
DN
A, w
hile
cau
sing
mut
atio
ns b
y ch
angi
ng (o
r ‘ed
iting
’) a
few
pie
ces
of
DNA
code
. See
d co
mpa
nies
and
rese
arch
inst
itute
s ar
ound
the
wor
ld h
ave
show
n in
tere
st in
the
new
te
chni
que
as it
allo
ws
for f
aste
r and
mor
e pr
ecis
e br
eedi
ng (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Dec
.’16,
Jan
.’18
& M
ay’1
8).
Whi
le t
he E
U’s
biot
ech
indu
stry
poi
nted
out
tha
t ge
ne-e
ditin
g ha
rdly
diff
ers
from
mut
agen
esis
tha
t oc
curs
nat
ural
ly (o
r fro
m lo
ng-e
stab
lishe
d te
chni
ques
that
use
che
mic
al, r
adia
tion
or o
ther
phy
sica
l st
imul
i to
indu
ce m
utat
ions
), th
e C
ourt
mai
ntai
ned
that
the
risks
link
ed to
the
new
bre
edin
g m
etho
ds
mig
ht p
rove
to b
e si
mila
r to
thos
e re
sulti
ng fr
om th
e pr
oduc
tion
and
rele
ase
of G
MO
s. T
he C
ourt’
s po
sitio
n di
ffers
from
that
ado
pted
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, whe
re, i
n M
arch
201
8, U
SDA
chos
e no
t to
regu
late
inno
vativ
e pl
ant b
reed
ing
tech
niqu
es s
uch
as g
enom
e ed
iting
, the
reby
low
erin
g th
e co
st fo
r m
eetin
g re
gula
tory
requ
irem
ents
and
exp
editi
ng m
arke
t ent
ry. O
ther
cou
ntrie
s, in
clud
ing
Chi
na, h
ave
take
n a
sim
ilar a
ppro
ach.
Acc
ordi
ng to
priv
ate
sour
ces,
in th
e la
st te
n ye
ars,
the
high
est n
umbe
r of
pate
nt a
pplic
atio
ns u
sing
the
new
bre
edin
g te
chni
ques
has
bee
n fil
ed in
Chi
na, f
ollo
wed
, at
som
e di
stan
ce, b
y th
e U
S an
d th
e EU
, whe
re u
ncer
tain
ties
rega
rdin
g re
gula
tion
and
cons
umer
acc
epta
nce
pers
iste
d.
34 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*18
0SE
ED &
GM
O
POLI
CIE
SU
nite
d St
ates
May
GM
cro
psFo
od p
rodu
ct la
bellin
g:
In t
he U
nite
d St
ates
, di
scus
sion
s ab
out
prod
uct
cove
rage
und
er a
GM
O
labe
lling
legi
slat
ion
pass
ed in
201
6 go
on
(see
MPP
U A
ug.’1
6 &
Oct
.’17)
. Res
pond
ing
to a
USD
A ca
ll fo
r pu
blic
com
men
ts,
food
ind
ustry
rep
rese
ntat
ives
rei
tera
ted
that
all
ingr
edie
nts
that
hav
e un
derg
one
gene
tic m
odifi
catio
n sh
ould
be
subj
ect t
o la
bellin
g, w
here
as fa
rmer
s m
aint
ain
that
labe
ls
shou
ld e
xclu
de f
ood
ingr
edie
nts
refin
ed a
nd p
roce
ssed
to
the
poin
t th
at t
hey
no lo
nger
con
tain
tra
nsfo
rmed
gen
es. F
ood
man
ufac
ture
rs a
rgue
d th
at c
ompr
ehen
sive
labe
lling
is im
porta
nt fo
r bo
th
cons
iste
ncy
and
for m
eetin
g co
nsum
er e
xpec
tatio
ns o
n tra
nspa
renc
y, ad
ding
that
exc
ludi
ng re
fined
in
gred
ient
s w
ould
resu
lt in
78
perc
ent f
ewer
pro
duct
s be
ing
disc
lose
d on
labe
ls. I
ndus
try p
laye
rs a
lso
see
a ne
ed fo
r fur
ther
cla
rifica
tions
in th
e fo
llow
ing
area
s: i)
con
tent
thre
shol
ds tr
igge
ring
labe
lling;
ii)
mut
ual r
ecog
nitio
n ar
rang
emen
ts fo
r im
porte
d fo
ods;
iii)
the
treat
men
t of o
rgan
ism
s ob
tain
ed th
roug
h ge
ne-e
ditin
g te
chni
ques
; and
iv) e
xem
ptio
ns a
pply
ing
to v
ery
smal
l foo
d m
anuf
actu
rers
as
wel
l as
to
inci
dent
al a
dditi
ves,
food
from
ani
mal
s fe
d w
ith G
M fe
ed, f
ood
serv
ed in
rest
aura
nts
and
orga
nic
food
.
181
SEED
& G
MO
PO
LIC
IES
Uni
ted
Stat
esDe
cem
ber
GM
food
Food
pro
duct
labe
lling:
En
ding
a r
ule
mak
ing
proc
ess
that
beg
an in
201
6 an
d in
clud
ed a
pub
lic
com
men
t per
iod
(see
also
MPP
U A
ug.’1
6, O
ct.’1
7 &
Aug.
’18)
, USD
A ha
s re
leas
ed d
etai
led
regu
latio
ns
for
labe
lling
food
pro
duct
s th
at i
nclu
de g
enet
ical
ly m
odifi
ed m
ater
ial.
The
new
nat
iona
l st
anda
rd
requ
ires
food
man
ufac
ture
rs, i
mpo
rters
and
cer
tain
reta
ilers
to e
nsur
e th
at ‘b
ioen
gine
ered
’ foo
ds a
re
appr
opria
tely
dis
clos
ed v
ia e
ither
text
, sym
bol,
elec
troni
c/di
gita
l lin
k or
text
mes
sage
. Pro
duct
s w
ith
up to
5 p
erce
nt in
adve
rtent
or t
echn
ical
ly u
navo
idab
le p
rese
nce
of b
ioen
gine
ered
sub
stan
ces
for e
ach
ingr
edie
nt a
re e
xem
pt. T
he te
rm ‘m
ay b
e bi
oeng
inee
red’
can
not b
e us
ed. I
mpo
rtant
ly, th
e fin
al r
ule
does
not
requ
ire la
bellin
g of
hig
hly
refin
ed in
gred
ient
s fro
m G
M c
rops
(suc
h as
refin
ed v
eget
able
oils
, hi
gh f
ruct
ose
mai
ze s
yrup
and
refi
ned
beet
or
cane
sug
ar),
prov
ided
no
mod
ified
gen
etic
mat
eria
l is
det
ecta
ble.
Not
with
stan
ding
, m
anuf
actu
rers
are
allo
wed
to
mak
e vo
lunt
ary
disc
losu
res
on s
uch
prod
ucts
in th
e in
tere
st o
f tra
nspa
renc
y, la
bellin
g th
eir p
rodu
cts
as ‘d
eriv
ed fr
om b
ioen
gine
erin
g’ (N
B:
volu
ntar
y bi
oeng
inee
red
disc
losu
re is
not
per
mitt
ed fo
r foo
ds d
eriv
ed fr
om a
nim
als
fed
bioe
ngin
eere
d fe
ed).
In t
his
rega
rd,
food
ind
ustry
rep
rese
ntat
ives
had
fav
oure
d m
ore
com
preh
ensi
ve l
abel
ling
requ
irem
ents
, arg
uing
tha
t ex
clud
ing
refin
ed in
gred
ient
s co
uld
conf
use
cons
umer
s an
d er
ode
trust
in
bra
nds
and
the
tech
nolo
gy. O
n a
sepa
rate
poi
nt, c
onsu
mer
adv
ocac
y gr
oups
rem
arke
d th
at t
he
final
rul
e do
es n
ot d
efine
‘non
-GM
O’ a
nd t
hus
does
not
pro
vide
gui
danc
e on
whe
n a
food
can
be
volu
ntar
ily la
belle
d as
‘non
-GM
O’.
The
impl
emen
tatio
n da
te o
f the
new
sta
ndar
d is
1 J
anua
ry 2
020
(or
1 Ja
nuar
y 20
21 fo
r sm
all f
ood
man
ufac
ture
rs).
How
ever
, com
plia
nce
will
beco
me
man
dato
ry o
nly
on
1 Ja
nuar
y 20
22. R
egul
ated
ent
ities
may
vol
unta
rily
com
ply
befo
re th
at d
ate.
Bus
ines
ses
with
ann
ual
sale
s be
low
USD
2.5
milli
on w
ill be
exe
mpt
from
the
new
labe
lling
requ
irem
ents
.
182
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Braz
ilM
aySo
ybea
nsIn
May
, Bra
zil’s
envi
ronm
enta
l age
ncy
IBAM
A is
sued
fine
s w
orth
USD
29
milli
on to
five
larg
e tra
ding
fir
ms
as w
ell a
s do
zens
of f
arm
ers
for f
ailin
g to
resp
ect e
mba
rgoe
s th
at w
ere
put o
n ille
gally
def
ores
ted
land
loca
ted
acro
ss th
e co
untry
’s C
erra
do re
gion
. The
cas
e co
ncer
ned
grai
ns g
row
n on
land
dec
lare
d off
-lim
its fo
r far
min
g to
allo
w n
ativ
e ve
geta
tion
to re
grow
. IBA
MA
dete
cted
the
conc
erne
d ar
eas
usin
g ge
ospa
tial d
ata.
183
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Ecua
dor
May
Oil
palm
The
Gov
ernm
ent
of E
cuad
or p
rese
nted
a fi
ve-y
ear
actio
n pl
an t
o m
ake
the
coun
try’s
palm
oil
supp
ly c
hain
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e. A
key
obj
ectiv
e of
the
USD
1.2
billi
on p
rogr
amm
e is
to m
ake
RSPO
(R
ound
tabl
e on
Sus
tain
able
Pal
m O
il) ce
rtific
atio
n th
e no
rm, n
atio
n-w
ide.
The
Gov
ernm
ent i
s pl
anni
ng
to p
lace
taxe
s co
llect
ed fr
om p
alm
oil
expo
rters
into
a p
ublic
/priv
ate-
cont
rolle
d fu
nd fo
r the
sup
port
of s
mal
lhol
ders
shi
fting
to
mor
e su
stai
nabl
e pr
oduc
tion
met
hods
and
, eve
ntua
lly, c
ertifi
catio
n. T
he
envi
sage
d ju
risdi
ctio
nal c
ertifi
catio
n w
ould
rely
ent
irely
on
RSPO
’s in
tern
atio
nally
reco
gnize
d no
rms
as
oppo
sed
to a
pur
pose
-mad
e na
tiona
l sta
ndar
d (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Nov
.’16)
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 35
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*18
4O
THER
PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
tion
sust
aina
bilit
y / e
nviro
nmen
tal p
olic
ies
Euro
pean
U
nion
Nov
embe
r–De
cem
ber
Biof
uels
The
EU’s
Cou
ncil
and
Parli
amen
t hav
e fo
rmal
ly a
ppro
ved
key
chap
ters
of t
he b
loc’
s bi
oene
rgy
polic
y re
form
, inc
ludi
ng th
e pl
an to
pha
se-o
ut, b
y 20
30, t
he c
onsu
mpt
ion
of c
rop-
base
d bi
ofue
ls th
at b
ring
abou
t stro
ng in
dire
ct la
nd u
se c
hang
es (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Aug
.’18)
.
185
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Fran
ceJu
lySo
ybea
ns, p
alm
oi
lTh
e Fr
ench
Agr
icul
tura
l Min
istry
laun
ched
a p
ublic
con
sulta
tion
on it
s dr
aft N
atio
nal S
trate
gy to
Com
bat
Impo
rted
Defo
rest
atio
n (S
NDI
). As
par
t of t
he G
over
nmen
t’s 2
017
Plan
Clim
at (d
evel
oped
follo
win
g th
e U
NFC
C P
aris
Agr
eem
ent),
the
prop
osed
stra
tegy
is a
imed
at e
ndin
g th
e im
porta
tion
of fo
rest
ry a
nd,
espe
cial
ly, a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
cts
that
con
tribu
te to
def
ores
tatio
n. In
itial
ly, th
e st
rate
gy w
ould
focu
s on
th
e fo
llow
ing
agric
ultu
ral c
omm
oditi
es: s
oybe
ans,
pal
m o
il, bo
vine
mea
t, co
coa
and
rubb
er.
186
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Fran
ceN
ovem
ber
Soyb
eans
, pal
m
oil
Follo
win
g a
publ
ic c
onsu
ltatio
n pr
oces
s, th
e Fr
ench
Gov
ernm
ent h
as fi
naliz
ed it
s ‘N
atio
nal S
trate
gy
to C
omba
t Im
porte
d De
fore
stat
ion’
. The
new
pol
icy
coul
d aff
ect i
mpo
rts o
f, in
ter a
lia, s
oybe
ans
and
palm
oil (
see
also
MPP
U O
ct.’1
8). A
imed
at e
ndin
g ‘im
porte
d de
fore
stat
ion’
by
2030
, the
Gov
ernm
ent’s
ac
tion
plan
env
isag
es 1
7 m
easu
res,
cov
erin
g th
e fo
llow
ing
area
s: i)
fina
ncia
l ass
ista
nce
for e
xpor
ting
coun
tries
that
intro
duce
stri
ct fo
rest
pro
tect
ion
polic
ies;
ii) th
e in
trodu
ctio
n of
‘zer
o-de
fore
stat
ion’
labe
ls
acro
ss d
omes
tic in
dust
ries,
sta
rting
with
the
agric
ultu
ral a
nd fo
rest
ry s
ecto
rs; i
ii) th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of z
ero-
defo
rest
atio
n pu
blic
pro
cure
men
t po
licie
s; iv
) the
gra
dual
pha
sing
-out
of
biof
uels
link
ed t
o de
fore
stat
ion;
and
v) a
ctio
ns in
sup
port
of a
n EU
-wid
e po
licy
on im
ports
that
pos
e ris
ks fo
r for
ests
.
187
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Fran
ceDe
cem
ber
Palm
oil-
base
d bi
odie
sel
The
Fren
ch N
atio
nal A
ssem
bly
vote
d to
end
– o
n en
viro
nmen
tal g
roun
ds –
tax
ince
ntiv
es p
rovi
ded
whe
n pa
lm o
il-ba
sed
biod
iese
l is
adde
d to
regu
lar t
rans
port
dies
el. U
nder
the
parli
amen
tary
dec
isio
n,
as o
f 202
0, p
alm
oil-
base
d bi
odie
sel w
ould
be
treat
ed a
s re
gula
r die
sel r
athe
r tha
n gr
een
fuel
and
wou
ld
no lo
nger
cou
nt to
war
ds th
e EU
’s ta
rget
s fo
r ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y in
tran
spor
t.
188
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Indo
nesi
aJa
nuar
yO
il pa
lmQ
uotin
g offi
cial
sou
rces
, a c
ivil s
ocie
ty g
roup
repo
rted
that
– a
s a
resu
lt of
the
natio
nal m
orat
oriu
m o
n oi
l pa
lm e
xpan
sion
ann
ounc
ed b
y th
e In
done
sian
Pre
side
nt in
201
6 (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e &
Aug.
’16)
– th
ere
are
1.5
milli
on h
ecta
res
for w
hich
the
proc
essi
ng o
f new
oil p
alm
con
cess
ions
has
bee
n pu
t on
hold
. At t
he
sam
e tim
e, o
bser
vers
poi
nted
out
that
four
new
per
mits
for a
reas
com
pris
ing
high
-den
sity
fore
st c
over
w
ere
issu
ed la
st y
ear i
n th
e pr
ovin
ces
of P
apua
and
Wes
t Pap
ua. A
ccor
ding
to G
over
nmen
t offi
cial
s,
the
perm
its in
que
stio
n ha
d be
en a
ppro
ved
in p
rinci
ple
by th
e pr
evio
us a
dmin
istra
tion
in 2
013–
14.
189
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Indo
nesi
aJa
nuar
yPa
lm o
ilN
atio
nal p
alm
oil
certi
ficat
ion:
In
Indo
nesi
a, w
here
ISPO
cer
tifica
tion
(Indo
nesi
a Su
stai
nabl
e Pa
lm O
il) is
man
dato
ry s
ince
201
5, th
e la
test
ava
ilabl
e es
timat
e pu
ts c
ertifi
catio
n at
17
perc
ent o
f tot
al p
lant
atio
n ar
ea. R
epor
tedl
y, to
rais
e th
e le
vel o
f cer
tifica
tion,
the
Gov
ernm
ent i
s wor
king
on
a pr
esid
entia
l reg
ulat
ion
to s
treng
then
sup
ervi
sion
mec
hani
sms
and
impr
ove
coor
dina
tion
betw
een
conc
erne
d go
vern
men
t ag
enci
es.
190
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Indo
nesi
aFe
brua
ryPe
atla
ndFu
rther
to
setti
ng u
p, in
201
6, a
n ag
ency
res
pons
ible
for
coo
rdin
atin
g th
e re
stor
atio
n of
dam
aged
pe
atla
nd (s
ee M
PPU
Feb
.’16)
, in
Febr
uary
201
8, th
e G
over
nmen
t cha
nnel
ed U
SD 2
1.7
milli
on in
sta
te
fund
s to
the
gove
rnor
s of s
even
pro
vinc
es d
esig
nate
d as
prio
rity i
nter
vent
ion
area
s for
field
pro
gram
mes
to
acc
eler
ate
peat
rest
orat
ion,
a c
ivil s
ocie
ty g
roup
repo
rted.
The
pro
vinc
es c
once
rned
are
Cen
tral, W
est
and
Sout
h Ka
liman
tan,
Sou
th S
umat
ra, R
iau,
Jam
bi a
nd P
apua
. The
dra
inag
e an
d su
bseq
uent
bur
ning
of
pea
tland
for a
gric
ultu
re a
nd p
lant
atio
ns re
pres
ent a
maj
or s
ourc
e of
car
bon
emis
sion
s. O
n a
rela
ted
note
, a g
roup
of I
ndon
esia
n re
sear
cher
s ha
s de
velo
ped
a m
etho
dolo
gy fo
r map
ping
pea
tland
usi
ng
rem
ote
sens
ing
tech
nolo
gies
, com
bine
d w
ith e
stab
lishe
d on
-the-
grou
nd m
easu
rem
ents
. Rep
orte
dly,
mea
surin
g th
e ex
tent
and
dep
th o
f pea
t soi
ls is
ess
entia
l for
ass
essi
ng e
colo
gica
l dam
age
resu
lting
fro
m d
istu
rban
ces.
Alle
gedl
y, th
e In
done
sian
Gov
ernm
ent i
nten
ds to
use
the
new
met
hodo
logy
in th
e pr
otec
tion,
sus
tain
ably
man
agem
ent a
nd re
stor
atio
n of
pea
tland
are
as.
36 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*19
1O
THER
PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
tion
sust
aina
bilit
y / e
nviro
nmen
tal p
olic
ies
Indo
nesi
aAp
rilO
il pa
lmLa
nd g
over
nanc
e:
The
Gov
ernm
ent
of I
ndon
esia
ann
ounc
ed t
hat
a un
ified
dat
abas
e in
tegr
atin
g va
rious
land
-use
map
s –
incl
udin
g a
map
on
oil p
alm
pla
ntat
ions
– w
ill be
com
plet
ed la
ter t
his
year
(s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Aug
.’16)
. The
new
tool
cou
ld b
e cr
ucia
l in
the
man
agem
ent o
f Ind
ones
ia’s
fore
sts
and
natu
ral r
esou
rces
. In
parti
cula
r, th
e in
tegr
ated
map
cou
ld h
elp
iden
tify
over
lapp
ing
land
con
cess
ions
an
d ad
dres
s th
e pr
oble
m o
f ille
gal p
lant
atio
ns in
side
fore
st a
reas
.
192
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Indo
nesi
aAp
rilPa
lm o
ilM
anda
tory
cer
tifica
tion:
In
Indo
nesi
a, s
mal
l oil
palm
farm
ers
have
bee
n gi
ven
time
until
end
202
0 to
ac
hiev
e IS
PO (I
ndon
esia
n Su
stai
nabl
e Pa
lm O
il) ce
rtific
atio
n. H
owev
er, b
ased
on
a re
cent
stu
dy b
y In
done
sia’
s Bo
gor I
nstit
ute
of A
gric
ultu
re, s
mal
lhol
ders
– w
ho a
ccou
nt fo
r 40
perc
ent o
f the
cou
ntry
’s oi
l pal
m p
lant
atio
n ar
ea –
may
not
be
read
y to
ado
pt th
e na
tiona
l sta
ndar
d. R
epor
tedl
y, sm
all g
row
ers
are
face
d w
ith a
var
iety
of c
halle
nges
, in
parti
cula
r a la
ck o
f ass
ista
nce
in a
dopt
ing
agric
ultu
ral b
est
prac
tices
and
unc
lear
land
ow
ners
hip
stat
us (
NB:
in o
rder
to
qual
ify f
or c
ertifi
catio
n, f
arm
ers
are
requ
ired
to p
rove
lega
l ow
ners
hip
of t
heir
land
). Es
peci
ally
in t
hose
inst
ance
s w
here
sm
allh
olde
rs
man
age
plan
tatio
ns in
side
fore
st a
reas
, obt
aini
ng th
e re
quire
d la
nd ti
tles
may
pro
ve d
ifficu
lt. A
noth
er
prob
lem
is th
at m
any
farm
ers
lack
acc
ess
to IS
PO-c
ompl
iant
see
dlin
gs a
nd fe
rtiliz
er (t
he u
se o
f whi
ch
has
been
mad
e m
anda
tory
in a
bid
to b
oost
pro
duct
ivity
on
smal
l far
ms)
.
193
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Indo
nesi
aSe
ptem
ber
Oil
palm
Und
er c
onsi
dera
tion
sinc
e m
ore
than
tw
o ye
ars
(see
MPP
U J
une,
Aug
.’16
& M
ar.’1
8), a
thr
ee-y
ear
natio
nwid
e m
orat
oriu
m o
n ne
w o
il pa
lm p
lant
atio
n lic
ense
s ha
s fin
ally
bee
n si
gned
by
Indo
nesi
a’s
Pres
iden
t in
Sept
embe
r. Th
e in
itiat
ive
is p
art o
f wid
er e
fforts
to p
rote
ct th
e co
untry
’s en
viro
nmen
t and
co
mpl
emen
ts a
ban
on
prim
ary
fore
st a
nd p
eat l
and
clea
ring
that
is in
pla
ce s
ince
201
1 (s
ee M
PPU
Au
g.’1
1, J
une’
13, M
ay’1
5 &
June
’17)
. The
new
mor
ator
ium
is a
imed
at i
mpr
ovin
g th
e go
vern
ance
of
sust
aina
ble
prod
uctio
n, g
uara
ntee
ing
envi
ronm
enta
l pre
serv
atio
n an
d pr
ovid
ing
lega
l cla
rity,
as w
ell a
s at
ince
ntiv
izing
farm
ers
to ra
ise
yiel
ds o
n la
nd c
urre
ntly
und
er c
ultiv
atio
n. Im
porta
ntly,
the
mor
ator
ium
do
es n
ot o
nly
appl
ies
to n
ew re
ques
ts fo
r lic
ense
s bu
t als
o to
per
mits
that
are
cur
rent
ly u
nder
revi
ew.
Acco
rdin
gly,
gove
rnor
s, m
ayor
s an
d di
stric
t chi
efs
have
bee
n in
stru
cted
to re
-eva
luat
e lo
ng-s
tand
ing
perm
its th
at h
ave
been
issu
ed b
ut n
ot y
et im
plem
ente
d, in
par
ticul
ar lic
ense
s th
at in
volv
e fo
rest
are
as.
Civ
il soc
iety
gro
ups,
whi
ch h
ad c
alle
d fo
r a p
erm
anen
t ban
, ask
ed fo
r the
dat
a ga
ther
ed u
nder
the
perm
it re
view
to b
e m
ade
publ
icly
ava
ilabl
e. T
hey
also
spo
tted
perc
eive
d w
eakn
esse
s in
the
mor
ator
ium
’s la
w-
enfo
rcem
ent a
nd re
ques
ted
that
pol
ice
forc
es, t
he A
ttorn
ey G
ener
al O
ffice
and
the
coun
try’s
anti-
graf
t ag
ency
be
invo
lved
in th
e in
vest
igat
ions
.
194
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Indo
nesi
aDe
cem
ber
Oil
palm
Land
gov
erna
nce:
The
Indo
nesi
an G
over
nmen
t pub
lishe
d a
unifi
ed, n
atio
nal m
ap o
f lan
d-us
e co
ver,
in a
bi
d to
reso
lve
clai
ms
rela
ted
to o
verla
ppin
g co
nces
sion
s (fo
r min
ing,
pla
ntat
ion
and
fore
st c
onse
rvat
ion)
th
at h
ave
give
n ris
e to
soc
ial c
onfli
cts
and
envi
ronm
enta
l pro
blem
s. T
he d
etai
led
map
reco
ncile
s 85
th
emat
ic m
aps
man
aged
by
19 d
iffer
ent g
over
nmen
t age
ncie
s. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e ad
ditio
n of
map
s on
cu
stom
ary
fore
sts,
indi
geno
us te
rrito
ries,
min
ing
conc
essi
ons
and
oil p
alm
pla
ntat
ions
is s
till u
nder
co
nsid
erat
ion,
whi
le re
gula
tions
gov
erni
ng d
ata
shar
ing
and
acce
ss a
re c
urre
ntly
bei
ng d
rafte
d (s
ee
MPP
U M
ay.’1
8).
195
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Mal
aysi
aJa
nuar
yPa
lm o
ilN
atio
nal p
alm
oil
certi
ficat
ion:
In
Mal
aysi
a, a
s of
Jan
uary
201
8, 5
9 ex
tract
ion
plan
ts a
nd 6
33 0
00
hect
ares
of p
lant
atio
ns (o
r 11
perc
ent o
f the
cou
ntry
’s to
tal a
rea
unde
r oil p
alm
) are
cer
tified
sus
tain
able
ac
cord
ing
to th
e co
untry
’s M
alay
sian
Sus
tain
able
Pal
m O
il (M
SPO
) sch
eme.
Bac
k in
Aug
ust 2
017,
no
mor
e th
an 4
per
cent
of t
he c
ount
ry’s
tota
l pla
ntat
ion
area
was
MSP
O-c
ertifi
ed. M
SPO
cer
tifica
tion
is
set t
o be
com
e m
anda
tory
dur
ing
the
cour
se o
f nex
t yea
r. To
faci
litat
e th
is p
roce
ss, g
row
ers
and
mille
rs
unde
rgoi
ng c
ertifi
catio
n ar
e el
igib
le fo
r fina
ncia
l sup
port
from
the
Gov
ernm
ent (
see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
7).
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 37
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*19
6O
THER
PO
LIC
IES
– Pr
oduc
tion
sust
aina
bilit
y / e
nviro
nmen
tal p
olic
ies
Mal
aysi
aSe
ptem
ber
Palm
oil
Acco
rdin
g to
loca
l med
ia, M
alay
sia’
s Prim
ary I
ndus
try M
inis
try so
ught
the
assi
stan
ce o
f the
gov
ernm
ent
of S
abah
sta
te t
o en
sure
tha
t lo
cal
smal
lhol
ders
obt
ain
Mal
aysi
an S
usta
inab
le P
alm
Oil
(MSP
O)
certi
ficat
ion,
whi
ch is
due
to
beco
me
man
dato
ry a
cros
s th
e co
untry
on
1 Ja
nuar
y 20
20. L
ast
year
, Sa
bah’
s au
thor
ities
ann
ounc
ed p
lans
to
proc
eed
with
a s
epar
ate
certi
ficat
ion
sche
me
(see
MPP
U
Dec.
’17)
. Bas
ed o
n offi
cial
dat
a, a
cros
s th
e co
untry
, mer
ely
5.2
perc
ent o
f the
2.2
7 m
illion
hec
tare
s of
sm
allh
olde
r’s p
lant
atio
ns h
ad a
chie
ved
MSP
O c
ertifi
catio
n as
of J
uly
2018
.
197
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Prod
uctio
n su
stai
nabi
lity
/ env
ironm
enta
l pol
icie
s
Nor
way
Dece
mbe
rBi
ofue
lsTh
e N
orw
egia
n Pa
rliam
ent
requ
este
d th
e co
untry
’s G
over
nmen
t to
for
mul
ate
a co
mpr
ehen
sive
pr
opos
al fo
r mea
sure
s to
exc
lude
from
the
mar
ket b
iofu
els
who
se p
rodu
ctio
n en
tails
hig
h de
fore
stat
ion
risk,
effe
ctiv
e 1
Janu
ary
2020
. With
rega
rd to
pal
m o
il, Pa
rliam
enta
rians
hav
e lin
ked
indi
rect
land
use
eff
ects
aris
ing
from
pal
m o
il pro
duct
ion
to d
efor
esta
tion.
Rep
orte
dly,
in 2
017,
clo
se to
hal
f of a
ll bio
fuel
s co
nsum
ed in
the
coun
try w
ere
base
d on
pal
m o
il. Th
e co
untry
’s cu
rrent
bio
fuel
pol
icy
incl
udes
ble
ndin
g m
anda
tes
for t
rans
port
fuel
(set
at 2
0 pe
rcen
t in
2020
) and
a ro
ad ta
x ex
empt
ion
for b
iofu
el s
uppl
ied
abov
e m
anda
ted
volu
mes
. On
a re
late
d su
bjec
t, th
e N
orw
egia
n G
over
nmen
t has
ann
ounc
ed th
at, f
rom
20
20, a
irlin
es o
pera
ting
in th
e co
untry
will
be re
quire
d to
use
fuel
ble
nds
cont
aini
ng 0
.5 p
erce
nt o
f w
aste
/resi
due-
base
d bi
ofue
ls.
198
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Tran
spor
t inf
rast
ruct
ure
& re
gula
tions
Braz
ilFe
brua
rySo
ybea
ns,
mai
zeAc
cord
ing
to d
ata
publ
ishe
d by
Bra
zil’s
natio
nal a
genc
y fo
r w
ater
way
tra
nspo
rtatio
n, A
NTA
Q,
the
volu
me
of s
oybe
ans
and
mai
ze s
hipp
ed th
roug
h th
e co
untry
’s no
rther
n ex
port
corri
dors
(kno
wn
as
‘Arc
o N
orte
’) re
ache
d 51
.2 m
illion
ton
nes
in 2
017
– po
stin
g a
year
-on-
year
incr
ease
of 8
0 pe
rcen
t. G
row
ing
relia
nce
of C
entre
-Wes
t gra
in-p
rodu
cing
sta
tes
on b
arge
term
inal
s in
the
Amaz
on B
asin
and
se
apor
ts a
long
the
coun
try’s
Nor
ther
n co
ast i
s sa
id to
go
hand
in h
and
with
a d
econ
gest
ion
in th
e co
untry
’s tra
ditio
nal s
outh
boun
d ro
utes
. Rep
orte
dly,
last
yea
r, th
e Ar
co N
orte
acc
ount
ed fo
r 41
perc
ent
of B
razil
’s co
mbi
ned
soyb
ean
and
mai
ze s
hipm
ents
– c
ompa
red
to o
nly
23 p
erce
nt in
201
0. A
fter h
eavy
in
dust
ry in
vest
men
ts, a
bout
60
perc
ent o
f Arc
o N
orte
’s to
tal s
hipp
ing
capa
city
is re
porte
d to
be
in th
e ha
nds
of p
rivat
e co
mpa
nies
. (Se
e al
so M
PPU
Jun
e/Ju
ly/Au
g./S
ep./O
ct./D
ec.’1
7 &
Jan.
’18)
199
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Tran
spor
t inf
rast
ruct
ure
& re
gula
tions
Braz
ilM
ayG
rain
s, o
ilsee
dsFr
eigh
t rat
es:
In M
ay, a
nat
ionw
ide
10-d
ay s
trike
by
Braz
il’s tr
uck
driv
ers
to p
rote
st h
igh
fuel
pric
es
para
lyse
d la
rge
parts
of t
he e
cono
my.
Repo
rtedl
y, th
e co
untry
’s ag
ricul
tura
l pro
duct
ion,
pro
cess
ing,
di
strib
utio
n an
d ex
porta
tion
netw
orks
face
d se
rious
dis
rupt
ions
. In
an e
ffort
to a
ppea
se tr
ucke
rs, t
he
Braz
ilian
Gov
ernm
ent
intro
duce
d te
mpo
rary
red
uctio
ns in
fue
l tax
es a
nd im
pose
d m
inim
um f
reig
ht
rate
s. T
he la
tter
mea
sure
has
bee
n ch
alle
nged
in t
he c
ount
ry’s
Supr
eme
Cou
rt by
agr
icul
ture
and
in
dust
ry g
roup
s. F
reig
ht c
osts
pla
y a
cruc
ial r
ole
in m
any
sect
ors
beca
use
Braz
il’s tr
ansp
ort m
atrix
is
hig
hly
depe
nden
t on
road
tran
spor
t. Re
porte
dly,
unce
rtain
abo
ut h
ow tr
ansp
ort c
osts
are
goi
ng to
de
velo
p, fa
rmer
s ar
e de
layi
ng p
urch
ases
of f
ertil
izers
and
oth
er in
puts
for t
he n
ext s
easo
n, w
hile
trad
ers
are
relu
ctan
t to
sign
forw
ard
cont
ract
s fo
r the
forth
com
ing
crop
– d
espi
te e
xpec
tatio
ns o
f stro
nger
sal
es
due
to th
e on
goin
g U
.S.-C
hina
trad
e di
sput
e. P
rivat
e so
urce
s re
ckon
that
the
curre
nt, s
tate
-impo
sed
min
imum
frei
ght r
ates
pus
h up
ave
rage
tran
spor
tatio
n co
sts
for s
oybe
an a
nd m
aize
by
17–2
8 pe
rcen
t.
200
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Tran
spor
t inf
rast
ruct
ure
& re
gula
tions
Braz
ilAu
gust
Gra
ins,
oilc
rops
Frei
ght r
ates
: In
acc
orda
nce
with
rece
ntly
pas
sed
legi
slat
ion
auth
orizi
ng th
e Br
azilia
n G
over
nmen
t to
set m
inim
um tr
uck
freig
ht ra
tes
(see
MPP
U A
ug.’1
8), o
n 5
Sept
embe
r, th
e co
untry
’s N
atio
nal T
rans
port
Agen
cy (A
NTT
) rai
sed
natio
nwid
e m
inim
um fr
eigh
t pric
es b
y 5
perc
ent o
n av
erag
e –
in re
spon
se to
a
13 p
erce
nt ri
se in
the
pric
e of
die
sel.
Repo
rtedl
y, af
ter t
he m
ove,
load
ing
of g
rain
s an
d oi
lsee
ds a
t por
ts
has
slow
ed fu
rther
, giv
en th
e in
crea
se in
cos
ts fa
ced
by fa
rmer
s an
d ex
porte
rs. T
rade
sou
rces
est
imat
e th
at th
e in
crea
se in
rate
s ha
s ra
ised
ave
rage
frei
ght c
osts
per
tonn
e of
gra
in fr
om B
R 22
5 (U
SD 6
0.57
) to
BR
236
(USD
63.
53).
Acco
rdin
g to
the
med
ia, c
onfro
nted
with
hig
her r
oad
trans
porta
tion
cost
s, a
gr
oup
of fa
rmer
s in
Mat
o G
ross
o st
ate
is c
onsi
derin
g to
hel
p fu
nd th
e co
nstru
ctio
n of
the
prop
osed
G
rain
Rai
lroad
(Fer
rogr
ão) t
hat w
ould
link
Mat
o G
ross
o w
ith tr
ans-
ship
men
t por
ts in
the
Amaz
on b
asin
.
38 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Cou
ntry
Mon
thPr
oduc
tD
escr
iptio
n*20
1O
THER
PO
LIC
IES
– Tr
ansp
ort i
nfra
stru
ctur
e &
regu
latio
ns
Can
ada
May
Gra
ins,
oils
eeds
Can
ada’
s fe
dera
l Gov
ernm
ent
rene
wed
and
exp
ande
d th
e co
untry
’s tra
nspo
rtatio
n la
w (
know
n as
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Mod
erni
zatio
n Ac
t), to
ens
ure
that
Can
adia
n fa
rmer
s ha
ve ti
mel
y ac
cess
to re
liabl
e ra
il se
rvic
es (i
nclu
ding
und
er a
dver
se w
eath
er c
ondi
tions
), w
hile
pre
serv
ing
ship
ping
rate
com
petit
iven
ess
and
prov
idin
g su
ffici
ent e
cono
mic
ince
ntiv
es fo
r rai
l com
pani
es to
cont
inue
inve
stin
g in
rail i
nfra
stru
ctur
e.
202
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Tran
spor
t inf
rast
ruct
ure
& re
gula
tions
Indo
nesi
aM
arch
Palm
oil
The
Gov
ernm
ent
of In
done
sia
dela
yed
until
202
0 re
gula
tions
req
uirin
g ex
porte
rs o
f pal
m o
il to
use
ex
clus
ivel
y In
done
sia-
flagg
ed v
esse
ls. A
imed
at f
oste
ring
the
loca
l shi
ppin
g in
dust
ry a
nd s
avin
g fo
reig
n ex
chan
ge, t
he n
ew ru
le w
as o
rigin
ally
sch
edul
ed to
take
effe
ct in
Apr
il 201
8. R
epor
tedl
y, co
ncer
ns o
ver
the
avai
labi
lity
of lo
cal v
esse
ls h
ave
led
to th
e po
stpo
nem
ent i
n th
e im
plem
enta
tion
date
.
203
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Ta
x po
licie
sC
hina
May
Oils
eeds
, oi
lmea
ls, e
dibl
e oi
ls
On
1 M
ay 2
018,
Chi
na’s
valu
e-ad
ded
tax
on s
ales
and
impo
rts o
f agr
icul
tura
l pro
duct
s –
incl
udin
g oi
lsee
ds, o
ilmea
ls a
nd e
dibl
e ve
geta
ble
oils
– h
as b
een
low
ered
from
11
perc
ent t
o 10
per
cent
. The
m
easu
re, w
hich
is p
art o
f a b
road
er ta
x re
duct
ion
pack
age
and
follo
ws
a fir
st, m
ore
subs
tant
ial V
AT
cut i
n 20
17 (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e’17
), is
aim
ed a
t fac
ilitat
ing
eco
nom
ic g
row
th in
the
agric
ultu
ral s
ecto
r, es
peci
ally
in th
e pr
oces
sing
indu
stry
.
204
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Soci
al p
olic
ies
Mal
aysi
aSe
ptem
ber
Plan
tatio
n cr
ops
Labo
ur w
ages
: Th
e M
alay
sian
Gov
ernm
ent a
nnou
nced
that
a n
ew m
inim
um w
age
of M
YR 1
050
(USD
25
3) p
er m
onth
will
take
effe
ct n
atio
nwid
e on
1 J
anua
ry 2
019,
add
ing
that
, ove
r the
nex
t fou
r yea
rs,
pays
are
set
to re
ach
MYR
1 5
00 (U
SD 3
61).
Cur
rent
ly, th
e m
inim
um w
age
stan
ds a
t MYR
1 0
00 in
Pe
nins
ular
Mal
aysi
a an
d M
YR 9
20 in
Sab
ah a
nd S
araw
ak. A
ccor
ding
to
indu
stry
sou
rces
, the
new
w
age
polic
y ea
sed
the
conc
erns
of e
mpl
oyer
s in
the
labo
ur-in
tens
ive
plan
tatio
n in
dust
ry, a
s w
ages
pai
d in
the
sect
or te
nd to
exc
eed
the
new
ly s
tipul
ated
leve
l.
205
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Land
gov
erna
nce
Indo
nesi
aO
ctob
erO
il pa
lmAn
in-d
epth
ass
essm
ent o
f the
Indo
nesi
an o
il pa
lm in
dust
ry c
arrie
d ou
t by
the
coun
try’s
Cor
rupt
ion
Erad
icat
ion
Com
mis
sion
(KP
K) i
dent
ified
maj
or fl
aws
in t
he n
atio
n’s
plan
tatio
n lic
ensi
ng s
yste
m.
The
agen
cy’s
repo
rt hi
ghlig
hts
a nu
mbe
r of a
ssoc
iate
d pr
oble
ms,
incl
udin
g i)
rapi
d an
d w
ides
prea
d en
viro
nmen
tal d
egra
datio
n, ii)
hei
ghte
ned
corru
ptio
n ris
ks, a
nd iii
) the
pot
entia
l loss
of t
ax a
nd n
on-ta
x re
venu
es.
206
OTH
ER P
OLI
CIE
S –
Land
gov
erna
nce
Indo
nesi
aDe
cem
ber
Oil
palm
The
Indo
nesi
an G
over
nmen
t pub
lishe
d a
unifi
ed, n
atio
nal m
ap o
f lan
d-us
e co
ver,
in a
bid
to re
solv
e cl
aim
s re
late
d to
ove
rlapp
ing
conc
essi
ons
(for m
inin
g, p
lant
atio
n an
d fo
rest
con
serv
atio
n) th
at h
ave
give
n ris
e to
soc
ial c
onfli
cts
and
envi
ronm
enta
l pro
blem
s. T
he d
etai
led
map
reco
ncile
s 85
them
atic
m
aps
man
aged
by
19 d
iffer
ent g
over
nmen
t age
ncie
s. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e ad
ditio
n of
map
s on
cus
tom
ary
fore
sts,
indi
geno
us te
rrito
ries,
min
ing
conc
essi
ons
and
oil p
alm
pla
ntat
ions
is s
till u
nder
con
side
ratio
n,
whi
le re
gula
tions
gov
erni
ng d
ata
shar
ing
and
acce
ss a
re c
urre
ntly
bei
ng d
rafte
d (s
ee M
PPU
May
.’18)
.
* N
ote
that
for r
elat
ed h
isto
ric in
form
atio
n th
e re
ader
is d
irect
ed –
bet
wee
n br
acke
ts, i
n ita
lic p
rint –
to p
ast i
ssue
s of
the
Oilc
rops
Mon
thly
Pric
e an
d Po
licy
Upd
ate
(MPP
U),
whi
ch c
an b
e re
triev
ed
on-li
ne a
t http
://w
ww.
fao.
org/
econ
omic
/est
/pub
licat
ions
/oilc
rops
-pub
licat
ions
/mon
thly
-pric
e-an
d-po
licy-
upda
te/e
n/.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 39
Tabl
e 3.
I
ndus
try
mea
sure
s an
d in
itiat
ives
repo
rted
in 2
018
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*1
INDU
STRY
ST
ANDA
RDS
– Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Febr
uary
Col
ombi
aAd
vanc
ed R
SPO
sta
ndar
d: R
SPO
info
rmed
that
a C
olom
bian
agr
i-bus
ines
s co
mpa
ny c
ompl
eted
the
first
sal
e of
pal
m o
il ce
rtifie
d ac
cord
ing
to it
s RS
PO-N
ext s
tand
ard,
a v
olun
tary
add
-on
mod
ule
laun
ched
by
RSPO
in 2
016
to m
eet t
he n
eeds
of
mem
bers
exc
eedi
ng t
he b
ody’s
cor
e su
stai
nabi
lity
stan
dard
s (s
ee M
PPU
Mar
.’16)
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
audi
t pr
oces
s in
clud
ed
certi
ficat
ion
and
com
plia
nce
with
RSP
O-N
ext r
equi
rem
ents
for t
he 1
22 s
mal
lhol
der f
arm
s th
at s
uppl
y th
e co
mpa
ny’s
mill.
The
su
cces
sful
sal
e sh
ows
that
som
e bu
yers
are
sea
rchi
ng fo
r pal
m o
il pro
duce
d ac
cord
ing
to th
e hi
ghes
t sus
tain
abilit
y st
anda
rds.
2IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Febr
uary
Glo
bal
Indu
stry
sou
rcin
g po
licie
s:
New
cas
es o
f gl
obal
con
sum
er g
oods
com
pani
es/fo
od m
anuf
actu
rers
sus
pend
ing
thei
r co
mm
erci
al re
latio
nshi
p w
ith s
peci
fic p
alm
oil s
uppl
iers
ove
r cla
ims
of u
nsus
tain
able
pro
duct
ion
prac
tices
hav
e be
en re
porte
d.
The
com
pani
es c
ited
conc
erns
abo
ut a
llega
tions
that
cer
tain
sup
plie
rs w
ere
not c
ompl
ying
with
thei
r sus
tain
abilit
y po
licie
s an
d co
mm
itmen
ts. O
n a
rela
ted
note
, glo
bal c
onsu
mer
goo
ds c
ompa
ny U
nile
ver h
as p
ublic
ly d
iscl
osed
all
the
supp
liers
and
m
ills it
buy
s pa
lm o
il fro
m –
a li
st c
ompr
isin
g m
ore
than
140
0 m
ills a
nd o
ver 3
00 d
irect
sup
plie
rs. B
y em
brac
ing
com
plet
e su
pply
cha
in tr
ansp
aren
cy a
nd s
treng
then
ing
colla
bora
tion
with
its
partn
ers
and
othe
r sta
keho
lder
s, th
e co
mpa
ny h
opes
to b
e ab
le to
pro
activ
ely
iden
tify
prob
lem
s an
d ad
dres
s th
em q
uick
ly a
nd e
ffect
ivel
y. Ap
pare
ntly,
bus
ines
ses
wor
ldw
ide
are
face
d w
ith in
crea
sing
pre
ssur
e fro
m g
over
nmen
ts, c
ivil
soci
ety
grou
ps a
nd c
onsu
mer
s to
dis
clos
e ac
tions
take
n to
ens
ure
that
thei
r su
pply
cha
ins
are
free
from
uns
usta
inab
le p
ract
ices
.
3IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Mar
chC
hina
Nat
iona
l ind
ustr
y al
lianc
e:
The
Roun
dtab
le o
n Su
stai
nabl
e Pa
lm O
il (R
SPO
), a
glob
al s
tand
ard
setti
ng b
ody
for p
alm
oil,
si
gned
an
agre
emen
t with
Chi
na’s
Cha
mbe
r of C
omm
erce
for F
oods
tuffs
and
Nat
ive
Prod
ucts
(FFN
A) to
pro
mot
e in
itiat
ives
re
late
d to
sus
tain
able
pal
m o
il. In
par
ticul
ar, t
he tw
o in
stitu
tions
agr
eed
to c
oope
rate
on
prom
otio
nal a
ctiv
ities
, exc
hang
e vi
sits
an
d th
e pr
epar
atio
n of
reco
mm
enda
tions
for p
olic
y m
aker
s. G
ener
ally,
in d
evel
opin
g co
untri
es –
incl
udin
g C
hina
, the
wor
ld’s
seco
nd la
rges
t im
porte
r of p
alm
oil
– aw
aren
ess
of a
nd d
eman
d fo
r cer
tified
sus
tain
able
pal
m o
il te
nds
to b
e co
nsid
erab
ly
low
er th
an in
dev
elop
ed n
atio
ns.
4IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Mar
chG
loba
lC
ertifi
ed p
alm
oil
– pr
oduc
tion
and
sale
s:
RSPO
(Rou
ndta
ble
on S
usta
inab
le P
alm
Oil),
the
glo
bally
rec
ogni
zed,
sel
f-re
gula
ting
indu
stry
bod
y fo
r wor
ld-w
ide
palm
oil
certi
ficat
ion,
repo
rted
that
, in
Mar
ch 2
018,
glo
bal a
nnua
l pro
duct
ion
capa
city
of
cer
tified
pal
m o
il st
ood
at 1
2.08
milli
on to
nnes
, whi
ch is
equ
ival
ent t
o ab
out 1
7 pe
rcen
t of g
loba
l pro
duct
ion.
Fur
ther
mor
e,
tota
l act
ual s
ales
of c
ertifi
ed p
rodu
ct d
urin
g 20
17 w
ere
repo
rted
at 6
.16
milli
on to
nnes
, whi
ch c
ompa
res
to to
tal s
uppl
ies
of
11.8
6 m
illion
tonn
es. C
onse
quen
tly, s
imila
r to
past
yea
rs, a
ppro
xim
atel
y ha
lf of
the
avai
labl
e ce
rtifie
d pr
oduc
t did
not
find
a
buye
r and
was
sol
d as
con
vent
iona
l pal
m o
il, i.
e. w
ithou
t cap
turin
g a
pric
e pr
emiu
m. A
s fo
r the
diff
eren
t sal
e ch
anne
ls, d
urin
g th
e m
onth
of J
anua
ry 2
018,
the
thr
ee m
etho
ds in
volv
ing
phys
ical
sup
ply
chai
ns –
i.e.
seg
rega
ted,
iden
tity-
pres
erve
d an
d su
pply
-mas
s-ba
lanc
ed tr
ansa
ctio
ns –
acc
ount
ed fo
r 70
perc
ent o
f tot
al s
ales
, whi
le th
e re
mai
ning
30
perc
ent w
ere
mar
kete
d vi
a bo
ok&c
laim
mec
hani
sms
(whi
ch c
ontri
bute
onl
y in
dire
ctly
to s
usta
inab
le p
rodu
ctio
n sy
stem
s). S
uch
dist
ribut
ion
mar
ks
a sl
ight
impr
ovem
ent
over
tim
e, g
iven
tha
t, ba
ck in
Dec
embe
r 20
16, t
he c
orre
spon
ding
sha
res
stoo
d at
65
perc
ent
and
35 p
erce
nt.
5IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Mar
chG
loba
lIn
dust
ry s
ourc
ing
polic
ies
– th
ird-p
arty
ass
essm
ent:
Acc
ordi
ng to
a s
urve
y co
nduc
ted
by G
reen
peac
e, a
num
ber o
f glo
bal
cons
umer
goo
ds c
ompa
nies
dec
lined
to d
iscl
ose
whe
re th
ey s
ourc
e th
eir p
alm
oil f
rom
– d
espi
te c
orpo
rate
ple
dges
to a
chie
ve
100%
trac
eabi
lity
by 2
020
(in s
uppo
rt of
com
mitm
ents
to s
top
buyi
ng fr
om c
ompa
nies
that
app
ly u
nsus
tain
able
pro
duct
ion
met
hods
). In
this
rega
rd, G
reen
peac
e re
new
ed it
s ca
ll fo
r br
ands
to a
ctiv
ely
supp
ort t
he tr
ansf
orm
atio
n of
the
indu
stry
by
sour
cing
onl
y fro
m tr
ader
s/su
pplie
rs a
ble
to p
rove
that
all
the
palm
oil
they
sel
l com
es fr
om p
rodu
cers
ver
ified
as
com
plia
nt
with
‘no
defo
rest
atio
n–no
pea
t–no
exp
loita
tion’
sta
ndar
ds. S
ince
the
publ
icat
ion
of G
reen
peac
e’s
repo
rt, o
ne o
f the
sur
veye
d co
mpa
nies
fully
dis
clos
ed it
s so
urce
s of
sup
ply,
wel
com
ing
the
NG
O’s
requ
est f
or fu
rther
sup
ply
chai
n tra
nspa
renc
y, w
hich
the
com
pany
vie
wed
as
an e
ssen
tial c
ompo
nent
of s
usta
inab
le a
nd re
spon
sibl
e so
urci
ng.
40 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*6
INDU
STRY
ST
ANDA
RDS
– Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Mar
chM
alay
sia
Cer
tifica
tion
assi
stan
ce: I
n M
alay
sia,
a la
rge
palm
oil p
lant
atio
n co
mpa
ny jo
ined
forc
es w
ith th
e co
untry
’s Pa
lm O
il Cer
tifica
tion
Cou
ncil (
MPO
CC
) to
help
all o
f its
supp
liers
obt
ain
certi
ficat
ion
by th
e en
d of
201
9 – t
he d
ate
by w
hich
all p
rodu
cers
are
requ
ired
to c
ompl
y w
ith th
e na
tiona
l MSP
O (M
alay
sian
Sus
tain
able
Pal
m O
il) st
anda
rd. T
he p
artn
ersh
ip’s
obje
ctiv
e is
to e
ngag
e, s
hare
kn
owle
dge
and
lend
sup
port
to s
uppl
iers
whi
le th
ey p
repa
re fo
r man
dato
ry M
SPO
cer
tifica
tion.
Rep
orte
dly,
mor
e th
an 2
60 m
ill su
pplie
rs a
re g
oing
to b
enefi
t fro
m th
e in
itiat
ive.
7IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
April
Ger
man
yR
espo
nsib
le s
ourc
ing
com
mitm
ents
: G
erm
an c
hem
ical
com
pany
BAS
F pl
edge
d th
at, i
n th
e co
urse
of 2
018,
it w
ill off
er
palm
-bas
ed p
rodu
cts
for t
he c
osm
etic
s in
dust
ry e
xclu
sive
ly a
s ce
rtifie
d su
stai
nabl
e. T
he c
ompa
ny e
nvis
ages
to s
ourc
e its
pa
lm a
nd p
alm
kern
el o
il via
the
RSPO
‘Mas
s Ba
lanc
e’ s
tand
ard,
one
of R
SPO
’s su
pply
cha
in m
odel
s th
at s
uppo
rt th
e ph
ysic
al
flow
of c
ertifi
ed ra
w m
ater
ials
. Fur
ther
mor
e, th
e co
mpa
ny in
form
ed th
at, i
n 20
17, i
t man
aged
to tr
ace
alm
ost 8
0 pe
rcen
t of i
ts
over
all o
il pa
lm e
xpos
ure
of m
ore
than
500
000
tonn
es.
8IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
April
Glo
bal
RSP
O –
mem
ber
acco
unta
bilit
y:
RSPO
rep
orte
d ne
w e
fforts
to
ensu
re t
hat
grow
er m
embe
rs r
egul
arly
sub
mit
deta
iled
data
rega
rdin
g th
eir c
once
ssio
ns. T
he o
rgan
izatio
n co
nsid
ers
acce
ss to
suc
h in
form
atio
n as
a p
rere
quis
ite fo
r mon
itorin
g its
m
embe
rs’ e
nviro
nmen
tal a
ccou
ntab
ility.
RSPO
inte
nds
to c
ompa
re m
embe
r dat
a w
ith s
atel
lite
imag
es a
nd o
ther
geo
spat
ial
info
rmat
ion
with
a v
iew
to
faci
litat
e tim
ely
asse
ssm
ents
of
pote
ntia
l cas
es o
f en
viro
nmen
tal n
on-c
ompl
ianc
e. R
SPO
als
o in
form
ed th
at it
is w
orki
ng o
n m
eans
to d
eter
min
e w
heth
er p
lant
atio
n ow
ners
man
age
any H
CV
(Hig
h C
onse
rvat
ion
Valu
e) a
reas
eff
ectiv
ely.
Thro
ugh
thes
e m
easu
res,
RSP
O h
opes
to s
treng
then
the
cred
ibilit
y of
its
certi
ficat
ion,
ver
ifica
tion
and
grie
vanc
e sy
stem
s.
9IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
April
Indo
nesi
aPe
atla
nd d
evel
opm
ent:
Env
ironm
enta
l adv
ocac
y gro
up R
ainf
ores
t Act
ion
Net
wor
k cla
imed
that
appr
oxim
atel
y 10
000
hect
ares
of
pea
t for
est h
ave
been
cle
ared
ille
gally
in B
orne
o, In
done
sia,
for f
utur
e pa
lm o
il pl
anta
tions
– d
espi
te n
atio
nal r
egul
atio
ns a
s w
ell a
s co
mpa
ny c
omm
itmen
ts a
gain
st fu
rther
pea
t dev
elop
men
t and
def
ores
tatio
n. R
epor
tedl
y, m
ost o
f the
con
cern
ed la
nd
bank
was
mar
ked
as ‘p
eatla
nd p
riorit
ized
for p
rote
ctio
n’ o
n m
aps
prep
ared
by
Indo
nesi
a’s
Peat
Res
tora
tion
Agen
cy.
10IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
May
Nig
eria
Nat
iona
l cer
tifica
tion
stan
dard
: Th
e RS
PO in
form
ed th
at it
s Pr
inci
ples
& C
riter
ia h
ave
been
‘int
erpr
eted
’ for
Nig
eria
. Nat
iona
l in
terp
reta
tions
allo
w to
ada
pt th
e ge
nera
l sta
ndar
d to
a c
ount
ry’s
spec
ific
mar
ket c
ondi
tions
and
requ
irem
ents
. The
suc
cess
ful
com
plet
ion
of t
he N
iger
ia N
atio
nal I
nter
pret
atio
n do
cum
ent
is s
een
as a
n im
porta
nt m
ilest
one
for
the
futu
re o
f ce
rtifie
d su
stai
nabl
e pa
lm o
il in
the
regi
on.
11IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
June
Glo
bal
RSP
O –
mem
ber s
uspe
nsio
n: R
SPO
, the
indu
stry
-led,
glo
bally
reco
gnize
d pa
lm o
il cer
tifica
tion
body
, dec
ided
to te
mpo
raril
y su
spen
d gl
obal
food
and
drin
ks c
ompa
ny N
estlé
from
its
mem
bers
, citi
ng c
ondu
ct b
reac
hes.
As
a re
sult,
for t
hree
wee
ks th
e co
mpa
ny c
ould
not
cla
im to
use
cer
tified
sus
tain
able
pal
m o
il in
its
prod
ucts
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
com
pany
had
faile
d to
com
ply
with
obl
igat
ions
to s
ubm
it an
nual
repo
rts d
etai
ling
past
act
ions
and
futu
re p
lans
on
how
it w
as e
nsur
ing
the
use
of c
ertifi
ed
sust
aina
ble
palm
oil.
Nes
tlé’s
mem
bers
hip
was
rein
stat
ed a
fter t
he c
ompa
ny s
ubm
itted
a ti
me-
boun
d ac
tion
plan
to a
chie
ve
100%
RSP
O c
ertifi
ed s
usta
inab
le p
alm
oil
by 2
023,
whi
le w
orki
ng a
ctiv
ely
on s
olut
ions
with
in th
e RS
PO s
yste
m. T
he in
cide
nt
led
a nu
mbe
r of c
ivil
soci
ety
grou
ps to
rene
w th
eir c
alls
on
the
RSPO
to s
trict
ly e
nfor
ce it
s st
anda
rds.
Som
e un
derli
ned
that
–
irres
pect
ive
of c
ertifi
catio
n –
all p
alm
oil
end-
user
s ne
eded
to s
tep
up th
eir e
fforts
to p
reve
nt p
alm
oil
linke
d to
uns
usta
inab
le
prac
tices
from
ent
erin
g th
eir s
uppl
y ch
ains
. All
bran
ds w
ere
urge
d to
take
dire
ct re
spon
sibi
lity
for i
dent
ifyin
g th
e pr
oduc
ers
of
thei
r pal
m o
il an
d fo
r ens
urin
g th
at a
ll th
ose
prod
ucer
s ap
ply
sust
aina
ble
prac
tices
.
12IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
June
Glo
bal
Res
pons
ible
sou
rcin
g co
mm
itmen
ts:
Glo
bal b
ever
age
com
pany
Pep
siCo
rene
wed
its
com
mitm
ent t
o ex
clus
ivel
y so
urce
su
stai
nabl
y pr
oduc
ed p
alm
oil
by 2
020.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
com
pany
’s an
nual
pur
chas
es o
f pal
m a
nd p
alm
kern
el o
il am
ount
to
arou
nd 4
50 0
00 to
nnes
. The
com
pany
repo
rted
that
50
perc
ent o
f its
pal
m o
il su
pply
is o
n tra
ck to
be
RSPO
-cer
tified
by
the
end
of 2
018.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 41
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*13
INDU
STRY
ST
ANDA
RDS
– Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
June
Sout
heas
t As
iaIn
dust
ry c
omm
itmen
ts –
thi
rd-p
arty
ass
essm
ent:
A r
epor
t re
leas
ed b
y an
env
ironm
enta
l adv
ocac
y gr
oup,
cla
ims
that
a
num
ber
of p
alm
oil
firm
s op
erat
ing
in In
done
sia,
Mal
aysi
a an
d Pa
pua
New
Gui
nea
use
uncl
ear
corp
orat
e st
ruct
ures
to
conc
eal t
heir
ties
to u
nsus
tain
able
pro
duct
ion
prac
tices
suc
h as
rain
fore
st a
nd p
eatla
nd c
lear
ance
. Alle
gedl
y, su
ch p
ract
ices
al
low
gro
wer
s to
con
tinue
usi
ng h
arm
ful p
rodu
ctio
n m
etho
ds, w
hile
stil
l mar
ketin
g th
eir p
rodu
cts
thro
ugh
com
pani
es th
at a
re
com
mitt
ed to
‘No
Defo
rest
atio
n–N
o Pe
at–N
o Ex
ploi
tatio
n’ s
ourc
ing
polic
ies.
On
a si
mila
r not
e, a
gro
up o
f env
ironm
enta
l NG
Os
clai
med
that
pal
m o
il sou
rced
from
ille
gally
cle
ared
rain
fore
st a
reas
in In
done
sia
has
flow
n th
roug
h tra
ders
to m
ajor
con
sum
er
good
bra
nds,
des
pite
wid
espr
ead
com
pany
com
mitm
ents
to p
urch
ase
excl
usiv
ely
sust
aina
bly
prod
uced
oil.
14IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
June
Sout
heas
t As
ia, g
loba
lIn
dust
ry s
ourc
ing
polic
ies:
Th
e m
edia
rep
orte
d th
at G
olde
n Ag
ri-Re
sour
ces,
one
of
the
larg
est
palm
oil
com
pani
es in
So
uthe
ast A
sia,
is te
stin
g ne
w G
PS-b
ased
tech
nolo
gies
to e
stab
lish
trace
abilit
y fo
r the
pal
m o
il it
sour
ces
from
third
-par
ty
mills
in In
done
sia.
Rep
orte
dly,
60 p
erce
nt o
f the
com
pany
’s su
pplie
s co
me
from
mor
e th
an 4
00 th
ird-p
arty
mills
who
in tu
rn
buy
thei
r pal
m fr
uit f
rom
thou
sand
s of
gro
wer
s. T
he c
ompa
ny a
ckno
wle
dged
that
the
trace
abilit
y st
anda
rds
it ap
plie
s to
its
own
mills
are
diffi
cult
to e
xten
d to
the
othe
r sup
plie
rs, o
ne o
f the
mai
n re
ason
s be
ing
the
‘unr
egul
ated
nat
ure’
of t
he m
iddl
emen
w
ho b
uy p
alm
frui
t fro
m fa
rmer
s to
sel
l it t
o m
ills. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e fa
ct th
at fa
rmer
s ar
e fre
e to
sel
l to
any
inte
rmed
iary
mak
es
traci
ng th
e pr
oven
ance
of i
ndiv
idua
l bat
ches
of p
alm
frui
t ver
y ch
alle
ngin
g. F
urth
erm
ore,
it is
not
feas
ible
to o
btai
n as
sura
nces
fro
m m
iddl
emen
that
they
exc
lusi
vely
buy
from
ver
ified
sus
tain
able
pla
ntat
ions
. Sim
ilarly
, glo
bal a
grib
usin
ess
firm
Car
gill
has
ente
red
into
a p
artn
ersh
ip w
ith th
e W
orld
Res
ourc
es In
stitu
te to
test
the
inst
itute
’s sa
tellit
e m
appi
ng to
ol c
alle
d G
loba
l For
est
Wat
ch P
ro. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e de
vice
cou
ld a
llow
man
agem
ent t
o tra
ck is
sues
all a
long
the
com
pany
’s su
pply
cha
in a
nd a
ddre
ss
conc
erns
in lin
e w
ith it
s gr
ieva
nce
proc
edur
e. C
argi
ll’s s
uppl
y ch
ain
is s
aid
to re
ly o
n 11
com
pany
-ow
ned
mills
and
ove
r 1 5
00
third
-par
ty m
ills. C
urre
ntly,
the
com
pany
app
ears
to a
ttach
gre
ater
impo
rtanc
e to
ach
ievi
ng fu
ll tra
ceab
ility
than
to o
btai
ning
10
0% R
SPO
-cer
tifica
tion.
15IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
July
Braz
ilG
over
nmen
t po
licie
s –
third
-par
ty im
pact
ass
essm
ent:
In 2
010,
Bra
zil’s
Fede
ral G
over
nmen
t lau
nche
d th
e Su
stai
nabl
e Pa
lm O
il Pr
oduc
tion
Prog
ram
(SPO
PP),
whi
ch, i
nter
alia
, was
aim
ed a
t enc
oura
ging
pro
duce
rs in
Leg
al A
maz
onia
to e
xpan
d oi
l pal
m c
ultiv
atio
n w
ithou
t cle
arin
g pr
imar
y or
sec
onda
ry fo
rest
, usi
ng a
lread
y cl
eare
d, d
egra
ded
land
inst
ead.
Acc
ordi
ng to
a
rece
ntly
pub
lishe
d st
udy,
durin
g th
e 20
06-2
014
perio
d, in
Par
á St
ate
(whe
re c
omm
erci
al p
alm
oil
culti
vatio
n in
the
Amaz
on
Basi
n is
con
cent
rate
d), 9
1 pe
rcen
t of p
rodu
ctio
n ex
pans
ion
has
occu
rred
on fo
rmer
pas
ture
land
, not
fore
st, a
nd th
e di
rect
co
nver
sion
of
inta
ct f
ores
ts is
rep
orte
d to
hav
e de
clin
ed s
ince
the
ince
ptio
n of
SPO
PP. H
owev
er, r
efer
ring
to a
pos
sibl
e ac
cele
ratio
n in
oil
palm
exp
ansi
on in
the
nea
r fu
ture
, the
res
earc
hers
war
ned
that
pre
ssur
e to
def
ores
t co
uld
incr
ease
. In
parti
cula
r, th
e st
udy
poin
ts o
ut th
at S
POPP
lack
s th
e m
eans
to p
reve
nt ‘i
ndire
ct d
efor
esta
tion’
, tha
t is
the
clea
ring
of ra
info
rest
fo
r gra
zing
purp
oses
, fol
low
ed b
y co
nver
sion
into
pla
ntat
ions
.
16IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
July
Chi
naN
atio
nal i
ndus
try
allia
nce:
The
RSP
O, t
he C
hine
se C
ham
ber o
f Com
mer
ce o
f Foo
dstu
ffs a
nd N
ativ
e Pr
oduc
e (F
FNA)
and
the
Wor
ld W
ildlif
e Fu
nd (W
WF)
join
tly la
unch
ed th
e C
hina
Sus
tain
able
Pal
m O
il Allia
nce
to c
reat
e a
plat
form
for c
oope
ratio
n am
ong
stak
ehol
ders
in th
e pa
lm o
il su
pply
cha
in a
nd p
rom
otin
g su
stai
nabl
e pa
lm o
il in
Chi
na (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
May
’18)
. Rep
orte
dly,
a nu
mbe
r of k
ey p
laye
rs in
Chi
na’s
supp
ly c
hain
ple
dged
to p
rom
ote
the
adop
tion
of c
ertifi
ed s
usta
inab
le p
alm
oil i
n th
e do
mes
tic
mar
ket.
Alth
ough
Chi
na is
the
wor
ld’s
third
-larg
est i
mpo
rter a
nd fo
urth
-larg
est c
onsu
mer
of p
alm
oil,
cer
tified
pal
m o
il on
ly
acco
unts
for a
sm
all s
hare
of t
he d
omes
tic m
arke
t. H
owev
er, t
he R
SPO
sai
d it
notic
ed a
ver
y po
sitiv
e m
omen
tum
tow
ards
its
targ
et to
ach
ieve
a 1
0% m
arke
t sha
re b
y 20
20. R
epor
tedl
y, C
hine
se m
embe
rshi
p in
the
body
has
sur
ged
in th
e pa
st fe
w y
ears
.
17IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
July
Gha
naR
SPO
– s
mal
lhol
der s
uppo
rt: T
he R
SPO
has
set
up
– jo
intly
with
the
Farm
ers
Asso
ciat
ion
of G
hana
– a
nat
iona
l pla
tform
to
faci
litat
e co
llabo
ratio
n be
twee
n po
tent
ial p
roje
ct p
artn
ers
or m
arke
t pla
yers
and
inde
pend
ent s
mal
lhol
der o
il pa
lm fa
rmer
s.
The
initi
ativ
e is
aim
ed a
t en
ablin
g m
ore
smal
lhol
ders
to
enga
ge in
mod
ern,
sus
tain
able
sup
ply
chai
ns, i
nclu
ding
pro
duct
ce
rtific
atio
n. T
he a
vera
ge y
ield
leve
l of s
mal
lhol
der p
rodu
cers
is e
stim
ated
to b
e w
ell b
elow
pot
entia
l, du
e to
poo
r agr
onom
y, lim
ited
use
of fe
rtiliz
er a
nd lo
w-y
ield
ing
plan
ting
mat
eria
l. Th
e pl
atfo
rm h
as b
een
crea
ted
to e
ncou
rage
mille
rs, g
over
nmen
t ag
enci
es, N
GO
s an
d ot
her d
evel
opm
ent p
artn
ers
to p
rovi
de th
e re
quire
d tra
inin
g an
d ex
tens
ion
assi
stan
ce to
sm
all g
row
ers.
Re
porte
dly,
Gha
na’s
smal
lhol
ders
pro
vide
mor
e th
an 7
0 pe
rcen
t of t
he p
alm
frui
t pro
cess
ed in
the
coun
try.
42 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*18
INDU
STRY
ST
ANDA
RDS
– Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
July
Indi
aR
espo
nsib
le s
ourc
ing
com
mitm
ents
: 3F
Indu
strie
s, a
n In
dian
com
pany
ope
ratin
g in
the
edib
le o
il im
ports
and
pro
duct
ion
sect
or p
ledg
ed to
pro
cure
cer
tified
pal
m o
il and
its d
eriv
ativ
es, t
he R
SPO
info
rmed
. The
com
pany
als
o co
mm
itted
to p
roac
tivel
y cr
eate
aw
aren
ess
abou
t sus
tain
ably
pro
duce
d pa
lm o
il am
ong
Indi
an b
usin
esse
s an
d co
nsum
ers.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
firm
impo
rts,
prod
uces
and
pro
cess
es a
bout
200
000
tonn
es o
f pal
m o
il pr
oduc
ts p
er y
ear.
19IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
July
Indo
nesi
aR
SPO
cer
tifica
tion
– th
ird-p
arty
im
pact
ass
essm
ent:
The
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
exi
stin
g ce
rtific
atio
n sc
hem
es a
nd r
elat
ed
initi
ativ
es in
furth
erin
g su
stai
nabl
e pa
lm o
il pr
oduc
tion
rem
ains
und
er p
ublic
scr
utin
y (s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jan
.’18)
. Acc
ordi
ng
to n
ews
med
ia, a
new
stu
dy u
nder
take
n to
ass
ess
how
effe
ctiv
e th
e RS
PO h
as b
een
in a
chie
ving
its
sust
aina
bilit
y go
als
by
com
parin
g ce
rtifie
d an
d no
n-ce
rtifie
d co
nces
sion
s in
Kal
iman
tan,
Indo
nesi
a, c
laim
s th
at n
o si
gnifi
cant
diff
eren
ces
wer
e fo
und
betw
een
the
two
type
s of
pla
ntat
ions
for m
ost o
f the
sus
tain
abilit
y m
etric
s in
vest
igat
ed. T
he fi
ndin
gs a
re n
otab
le, g
iven
that
th
e RS
PO –
than
ks to
its
com
preh
ensi
ve s
et o
f req
uire
men
ts –
is g
ener
ally
rega
rded
as
the
lead
ing
certi
ficat
ion
sche
me
for
palm
oil.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
RSPO
cal
led
into
que
stio
n th
e va
lidity
of t
he s
tudy
’s fin
ding
s, c
iting
am
ple
evid
ence
in in
depe
nden
t as
sess
men
ts s
how
ing
the
posi
tive
impa
ct o
f its
cer
tifica
tion
activ
ities
. Rec
ogni
zing
that
man
y ar
eas
for i
mpr
ovem
ent r
emai
n,
the
body
info
rmed
that
it h
ad c
omm
issi
oned
stu
dies
to d
eter
min
e th
e ac
tual
per
form
ance
of i
ts c
ertifi
catio
n sc
hem
e ag
ains
t its
sta
ted
stan
dard
s.
20IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
July
Indo
nesi
a,
Indi
aC
ross
-bor
der i
ndus
try
allia
nce:
Priv
ate
sect
or a
nd c
ivil s
ocie
ty g
roup
s in
Indi
a an
d In
done
sia
have
join
ed fo
rces
to p
rom
ote
the
prod
uctio
n an
d tra
de o
f sus
tain
ably
pro
duce
d pa
lm o
il. R
ecog
nizin
g In
done
sia’
s sta
te-b
acke
d na
tiona
l cer
tifica
tion
sche
me,
In
done
sian
Sus
tain
able
Pal
m O
il (IS
PO),
and
the
Indi
an P
alm
Oil
Sust
aina
bilit
y Fr
amew
ork
(IPO
S) a
s ce
ntra
l sus
tain
abilit
y in
itiat
ives
, the
initi
ativ
e is
aim
ed a
t exp
andi
ng th
e m
arke
t for
sus
tain
ably
pro
duce
d pa
lm o
il in
the
two
coun
tries
and
in th
e re
gion
as
a w
hole
. Priv
ate
sect
or r
epre
sent
ativ
es f
rom
bot
h co
untri
es p
ledg
ed t
o w
ork
toge
ther
to
redu
ce t
rade
bar
riers
an
d pr
otec
t the
com
petit
iven
ess
of th
e pa
lm o
il in
dust
ry. I
n pa
rticu
lar,
the
partn
ers
envi
sage
to c
ondu
ct p
ublic
aw
aren
ess
cam
paig
ns. O
ffici
als
from
the
Indo
nesi
an G
over
nmen
t, w
hich
has
bac
ked
the
initi
ativ
e, h
ave
been
quo
ted
as s
ayin
g th
at th
e pr
ojec
t oug
ht to
add
ress
the
Indi
an c
onsu
mer
s’ m
isco
ncep
tion
that
pal
m o
il is
of i
nfer
ior q
ualit
y be
caus
e it
cost
s le
ss th
an
othe
r oils
. Ind
ia is
the
wor
ld’s
larg
est i
mpo
rter a
nd s
econ
d-la
rges
t con
sum
er o
f pal
m o
il. C
onsi
derin
g In
dia’
s w
eigh
t in
the
glob
al p
alm
oil
mar
ket,
the
WW
F re
cent
ly h
ighl
ight
ed th
e cr
itica
l rol
e In
dian
com
pani
es c
ould
pla
y in
pro
mot
ing
sust
aina
ble
prod
uctio
n pr
actic
es in
the
coun
tries
whe
re o
il pa
lm is
cul
tivat
ed (s
ee M
PPU
Oct
.’17)
.
21IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
July
Libe
riaR
SPO
– m
embe
r with
draw
al: A
larg
e oi
l pal
m c
ompa
ny b
ased
in L
iber
ia d
ecid
ed to
volu
ntar
y with
draw
its R
SPO
mem
bers
hip.
Re
porte
dly,
RSPO
had
file
d a
num
ber o
f com
plai
nts
agai
nst t
he c
ompa
ny c
once
rnin
g th
e cl
eara
nce
of la
nd w
ithou
t the
free
, pr
ior a
nd in
form
ed c
onse
nt (F
PIC
) of c
usto
mar
y la
nd o
wne
rs. A
t the
sam
e tim
e, th
e co
mpa
ny p
rese
nted
a n
ew a
ctio
n pl
an to
st
reng
then
and
rest
ore
confi
denc
e in
its
sust
aina
bilit
y cr
eden
tials
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
plan
is ti
me-
boun
d, e
ncom
pass
es s
ocia
l an
d en
viro
nmen
tal c
ompo
nent
s, a
nd w
ill be
impl
emen
ted
with
the
supp
ort o
f ind
epen
dent
par
tner
s in
clud
ing
the
NG
O T
he
Fore
st T
rust
.
22IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
July
Mal
aysi
aC
ertifi
catio
n as
sist
ance
: In
Mal
aysi
a, a
larg
e pa
lm o
il co
mpa
ny h
as d
evel
oped
an
on-li
ne re
porti
ng to
ol to
hel
p su
pplie
rs
mee
t the
MSP
O n
atio
nal c
ertifi
catio
n cr
iteria
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
tool
allo
ws
supp
liers
to a
sses
s th
eir p
erfo
rman
ce b
ased
on
both
M
SPO
requ
irem
ents
and
the
com
pany
’s ow
n ‘n
o de
fore
stat
ion–
no p
eat–
no e
xplo
itatio
n’ p
olic
ies.
The
tool
was
dev
elop
ed in
co
llabo
ratio
n w
ith th
e M
alay
sian
Pal
m O
il C
ertifi
catio
n C
ounc
il, M
POC
C. (
See
also
MPP
U M
ay’1
8)
23IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Augu
stC
hina
, Ec
uado
rIn
dust
ry s
ourc
ing
polic
ies:
A C
hine
se a
nd a
n Ec
uado
rian
food
com
pany
pio
neer
ed th
e m
arke
ting
of R
SPO
-cer
tified
pal
m
oil i
n th
eir r
espe
ctiv
e co
untri
es. A
llege
dly,
the
com
pani
es, w
hich
com
mitt
ed to
sou
rcin
g 10
0% R
SPO
-cer
tified
pal
m o
il an
d us
ing
the
RSPO
trad
emar
k on
thei
r pro
duct
pac
kagi
ng, r
epor
ted
posi
tive
resu
lts, w
hich
, acc
ordi
ng to
RSP
O, i
ndic
ates
that
su
stai
nabi
lity
is b
ecom
ing
a fa
ctor
in c
onsu
mer
pur
chas
es in
thos
e m
arke
ts.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 43
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*24
INDU
STRY
ST
ANDA
RDS
– Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Augu
stG
loba
lR
SPO
sta
ndar
ds –
inte
rnal
& th
ird p
arty
eva
luat
ion:
The
pal
m o
il se
ctor
’s hi
stor
y of
env
ironm
enta
l and
soc
ial i
mpa
cts
has
com
e un
der u
npre
cede
nted
pub
lic s
crut
iny
in re
cent
yea
rs a
nd is
attr
actin
g th
e at
tent
ion
of in
tern
atio
nal m
edia
and
pol
icy
mak
ers.
In th
is c
onte
xt, R
SPO
, the
glo
bally
reco
gnize
d, v
olun
tary
pal
m o
il ce
rtific
atio
n pr
ogra
mm
e ha
s co
me
unde
r pre
ssur
e to
stre
ngth
en it
s st
anda
rds
on s
usta
inab
le p
alm
oil
prod
uctio
n. T
he b
ody
is c
urre
ntly
eng
aged
in a
revi
ew o
f its
prin
cipl
es
and
crite
ria a
nd r
emai
ns c
omm
itted
to
rele
ase
revi
sed
stan
dard
s fo
r 20
19-2
023
befo
re t
he e
nd o
f th
e ye
ar.
Repo
rtedl
y, pu
blic
con
sulta
tions
hav
e so
far r
esul
ted
in m
ore
than
10
000
com
men
ts. R
SPO
is c
hara
cter
ized
by a
div
erse
mem
bers
hip
com
pris
ing
prod
ucer
s (b
oth
larg
e pl
anta
tion
com
pani
es a
nd s
mal
lhol
ders
), m
ills,
trade
rs,
cons
umer
s, a
dvoc
acy
grou
ps,
bank
s an
d in
vest
ors
– i.e
. gro
ups
with
diff
erin
g an
d of
ten
diffi
cult
to re
conc
ile in
tere
sts.
As
a re
sult,
the
body
nee
ds to
find
a
bala
nce
betw
een
mak
ing
sust
aina
ble
prod
uctio
n m
anda
tory
and
min
imizi
ng n
egat
ive
effec
ts o
n ru
ral d
evel
opm
ent a
nd p
over
ty
alle
viat
ion,
as
poin
ted
out b
y a
civi
l soc
iety
gro
up. M
arke
t exp
erts
cau
tione
d th
at if
the
body
doe
s no
t suc
ceed
in im
posi
ng
stric
ter p
rodu
ctio
n st
anda
rds,
buy
ers
coul
d be
forc
ed to
look
for a
ltern
ativ
e w
ays
of m
onito
ring
thei
r sup
ply
chai
ns to
mee
t th
eir ‘
no d
efor
esta
tion–
no p
eatla
nd–n
o ex
ploi
tatio
n’ p
ledg
es, w
hich
wou
ld b
e co
stly
and
tim
e-co
nsum
ing,
in a
dditi
on to
rais
ing
cred
ibilit
y is
sues
. On
the
sam
e su
bjec
t, a
grou
p of
inst
itutio
nal i
nves
tors
has
cal
led
on R
SPO
to s
treng
then
its
stan
dard
s,
incl
udin
g by
ban
ning
all
form
s of
def
ores
tatio
n an
d ad
optin
g st
ricte
r rul
es re
gard
ing
carb
on-r
ich
peat
land
, pes
ticid
e us
e an
d w
orke
rs’ r
ight
s. F
urth
erm
ore,
rega
rdin
g th
e rig
ht to
‘fre
e, p
rior a
nd in
form
ed c
onse
nt’ o
f loc
al c
omm
uniti
es, i
nves
tors
cal
led
for
addi
tiona
l dire
ctio
n on
pro
tect
ions
for
hum
an r
ight
s de
fend
ers.
Mor
eove
r, RS
PO s
houl
d re
quire
com
pani
es to
dis
clos
e co
nces
sion
map
s in
dig
ital f
orm
at a
nd to
sub
mit
man
agem
ent p
lans
for t
he c
onse
rvat
ion
of fo
rest
s w
ithin
thei
r con
cess
ions
. Th
e in
vest
ors
also
und
erlin
ed th
e im
porta
nce
of a
robu
st a
ccou
ntab
ility
syst
em a
nd a
n ex
pedi
ent a
nd c
redi
ble
com
plai
nts
and
sanc
tions
mec
hani
sm. C
oord
inat
ed b
y so
cial
soc
iety
gro
up C
eres
, the
inve
stor
s’ in
itiat
ive
was
mea
nt a
s an
inpu
t to
the
on-
goin
g re
view
of t
he R
SPO
’s pr
inci
ples
and
crit
eria
.
25IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Augu
stIn
done
sia
Peat
land
fire
out
brea
ks:
Priv
ate
med
ia re
porte
d th
at, a
fter t
wo
rela
tivel
y fir
e-fre
e dr
y se
ason
s, fi
res
on p
eatla
nd (a
nd th
e re
sulti
ng h
aze
prob
lem
s) h
ave
retu
rned
on
Indo
nesi
a’s
Born
eo a
nd S
umat
ra is
land
s –
desp
ite w
ide-
rang
ing
prog
ram
mes
en
acte
d by
the
Gov
ernm
ent t
o re
stor
e pe
atla
nd fo
llow
ing
the
heav
y fir
es o
f 201
5 (s
ee M
PPU
Feb
.’16
& M
ar.’1
8). R
epor
tedl
y, th
e ne
w fi
res
deve
lope
d bo
th o
n sm
allh
olde
r far
ms
and
in c
once
ssio
ns o
f lar
ge c
ompa
nies
and
in s
ome
inst
ance
s in
clud
e ar
eas
that
had
bee
n pr
iorit
ized
for p
eat p
rote
ctio
n an
d pe
at re
stor
atio
n ac
tiviti
es.
26IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Sept
embe
rG
loba
lIn
dust
ry s
ourc
ing
polic
ies:
Glo
bal b
ever
age
com
pany
Pep
siCo
has
susp
ende
d its
pal
m o
il pu
rcha
ses
from
an
Indo
nesi
an
palm
oil
prod
ucer
ove
r alle
gatio
ns th
at th
e la
tter b
reac
hed
labo
ur a
nd h
uman
righ
ts, i
nclu
ding
chi
ld la
bour
, ins
uffici
ent p
ay,
and
safe
ty b
reac
hes.
Rep
orte
dly,
Peps
iCo
has
take
n st
eps
to e
nsur
e th
at n
one
of it
s di
rect
sup
plie
rs s
ourc
e pa
lm o
il fro
m th
e co
ncer
ned
prod
ucer
, who
, in
turn
, sta
ted
that
he
com
plie
d fu
lly w
ith th
e RS
PO c
ompl
aint
s pa
nel p
roce
ss a
nd th
at h
is e
stat
es
and
mills
ope
rate
in c
onfo
rmity
with
all
rele
vant
Indo
nesi
an la
ws
and
RSPO
(Rou
ndta
ble
on S
usta
inab
le P
alm
Oil)
crite
ria. O
n th
e sa
me
subj
ect,
glob
al fo
ods
and
drin
ks c
ompa
ny N
estlé
info
rmed
that
it w
ould
acc
eler
ate
its ‘n
o de
fore
stat
ion’
com
mitm
ent
by im
plem
entin
g 10
0% s
atel
lite
mon
itorin
g co
vera
ge o
f its
oil
supp
ly c
hain
wor
ldw
ide.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
com
pany
wou
ld re
ly
on a
ser
vice
dev
elop
ed b
y Ai
rbus
and
The
For
est T
rust
as
a gl
obal
ver
ifica
tion
syst
em e
vide
ncin
g, in
alm
ost r
eal-t
ime,
whe
re
defo
rest
atio
n ta
kes
plac
e. B
y en
d of
the
year
, all
of th
e la
nd s
uppl
ying
Nes
tlé w
ith p
alm
oil
is e
xpec
ted
to b
e co
vere
d by
the
syst
em. F
urth
erm
ore,
a la
rge
Mal
aysi
an p
alm
oil
prod
ucer
and
ole
oche
mic
als
firm
that
is a
lso
activ
e in
Indo
nesi
a an
d Li
beria
co
mm
itted
to s
treng
then
its
polic
ies
on s
uppl
y tra
ceab
ility,
zero
-def
ores
tatio
n, p
eatla
nd p
rote
ctio
n, w
orke
rs’ r
ight
s an
d sa
fety
an
d he
alth
at t
he w
orkp
lace
, add
ing
that
it w
ould
rele
ase
an a
ctio
n pl
an to
ens
ure
com
plia
nce
by th
e en
d of
the
year
.
27IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Sept
embe
rG
loba
lLo
cal R
SPO
cer
tifica
tion
agen
ts:
RSPO
hel
d a
wor
ksho
p fo
r acc
redi
ted
certi
ficat
ion
bodi
es (C
Bs) a
imed
to a
lign
its p
artn
ers’
in
terp
reta
tion
and
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
RSP
O s
tand
ards
and
pro
cedu
res.
Par
ticip
atin
g C
Bs o
rigin
ated
from
Mal
aysi
a, In
done
sia,
Th
aila
nd a
nd A
frica
.
28IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Sept
embe
rG
loba
lR
SPO
– G
HG
em
issi
on s
avin
gs:
A RS
PO-c
omm
issi
oned
stu
dy fo
cusi
ng o
n pl
anta
tions
est
ablis
hed
acco
rdin
g to
the
body
’s re
com
men
ded
plan
ting
met
hods
(or
New
Pla
ntat
ion
Proc
edur
es,
NPP
) cl
aim
s th
at t
he a
void
ance
of
land
cle
aran
ce a
nd
peat
land
con
vers
ion,
toge
ther
with
car
bon
diox
ide
sequ
estra
tion
from
set
-asi
de c
onse
rvat
ion
area
s, c
an le
ad to
a d
rast
ic
redu
ctio
n of
GH
G e
mis
sion
leve
ls in
pla
ntat
ions
.
44 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*29
INDU
STRY
ST
ANDA
RDS
– Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Sept
embe
rG
loba
lR
SPO
– p
rote
ctio
n of
hum
an ri
ghts
def
ende
rs:
RSPO
ado
pted
a n
ew p
olic
y on
hum
an ri
ghts
def
ende
rs, w
hist
le-b
low
ers,
co
mpl
aina
nts
and
com
mun
ity s
poke
sper
sons
. Und
er t
he n
ew p
olic
y, th
e lis
ted
grou
ps o
f pe
rson
s ca
n lo
dge
confi
dent
ial
com
plai
nts
with
the
body
’s co
mpl
aint
s pa
nel c
once
rnin
g ac
tiviti
es u
nder
take
n by
RSP
O m
embe
rs th
at m
ay u
nder
min
e th
e sa
fety
or s
ecur
ity o
f the
sai
d in
divi
dual
s.
30IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Sept
embe
rG
loba
lTh
ird-p
arty
indu
stry
rev
iew
: In
a n
ew re
port,
env
ironm
enta
l adv
ocac
y gr
oup
Gre
enpe
ace
clai
ms
that
def
ores
tatio
n-lin
ked
palm
oil
cont
inue
d fin
ding
s its
way
into
glo
bal c
onsu
mer
bra
nds.
Alle
gedl
y, le
adin
g co
nsum
er g
ood
firm
s, c
omm
odity
trad
ers
and
palm
oil
com
pani
es c
onfo
rm o
nly
in p
art t
o th
eir o
wn
zero
-def
ores
tatio
n an
d hu
man
righ
ts p
rote
ctio
n pl
edge
s an
d ris
k no
t mee
ting
thei
r sel
f-im
pose
d 20
20 d
eadl
ines
. Gre
enpe
ace
calle
d on
con
sum
er b
rand
s to
sto
p bu
ying
pal
m o
il fro
m tr
ader
s an
d pr
oduc
ers
asso
ciat
ed w
ith d
efor
esta
tion
until
the
se m
anag
e to
effe
ctiv
ely
mon
itor
thei
r co
mpl
ex s
uppl
y ch
ains
. Th
e or
gani
zatio
n al
so u
nder
lined
the
impo
rtanc
e of
pub
lic tr
ansp
aren
cy, s
take
hold
er e
ngag
emen
t and
inde
pend
ent c
ompl
ianc
e ve
rifica
tion.
Mor
eove
r, th
e ci
rcum
stan
ce th
at, i
n ad
ditio
n to
rely
ing
on th
eir o
wn
plan
tatio
ns, l
arge
trad
ers
buy
from
man
y ot
her
supp
liers
– w
hose
ope
ratio
ns fa
ll out
side
thei
r dire
ct c
ontro
l – re
pres
ents
one
of m
ain
chal
leng
es fa
cing
the
indu
stry
, acc
ordi
ng
to G
reen
peac
e.
31IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Sept
embe
rIn
done
sia
Third
-par
ty in
dust
ry r
evie
w:
The
Indo
nesi
a-ba
sed
Cen
ter
for
Inte
rnat
iona
l For
estry
Res
earc
h (C
IFO
R), h
as p
ublis
hed
a st
udy
that
ana
lyse
s ho
w th
ree
poss
ible
sce
nario
s fo
r fu
ture
oil
palm
dev
elop
men
t wou
ld a
ffect
Indo
nesi
a’s
Born
eo is
land
. Th
e sc
enar
ios
cons
ider
ed fo
rese
e i)
busi
ness
as
usua
l, ii)
stric
t con
serv
atio
n pl
ans,
or i
ii) ex
pans
ion
guid
ed b
y su
stai
nabl
e ar
ea in
tens
ifica
tion.
The
latte
r sce
nario
env
isio
ns th
at p
lant
atio
ns a
re o
nly
expa
nded
on
suita
ble
area
s, w
hile
yie
lds
are
lifte
d to
abo
ut 5
tonn
es o
f cru
de p
alm
oil
per h
ecta
re th
roug
h im
prov
ed c
ultiv
ars
and
inte
nsiv
e m
anag
emen
t met
hods
. The
stu
dy
look
s at
how
car
bon
stor
age,
hab
itat q
ualit
y, w
ater
yie
ld a
nd p
alm
oil/
timbe
r pro
duct
ion
are
affec
ted
unde
r eac
h sc
enar
io.
One
of t
he s
tudy
’s m
ain
conc
lusi
ons
is th
at –
by
prot
ectin
g re
mai
ning
fore
sts,
con
verti
ng o
nly
degr
aded
and
non
-fore
sted
la
nd, a
nd im
plem
entin
g cr
op-e
nhan
cem
ents
– In
done
sia
coul
d pr
eser
ve th
e ec
onom
ic v
alue
of i
ts la
nd w
hile
stil
l mee
ting
futu
re d
eman
ds fo
r pal
m o
il. M
oreo
ver,
mor
e de
taile
d st
udie
s at
the
villa
ge a
nd h
ouse
hold
leve
l are
reco
mm
ende
d to
bet
ter
unde
rsta
nd th
e im
pact
s of
oil
palm
exp
ansi
on o
n lo
cal c
omm
uniti
es a
nd th
e en
viro
nmen
t.
32IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Sept
embe
rM
alay
sia
Cer
tifica
tion
assi
stan
ce:
Glo
bal c
onsu
mer
goo
ds c
ompa
ny U
nile
ver p
ledg
ed to
fost
er s
uppo
rt w
ork
in S
abah
sta
te, M
alay
sia
by a
idin
g in
the
rest
orat
ion
of w
ildlif
e ha
bita
ts a
nd h
elpi
ng 6
0 00
0 he
ctar
es o
f sm
allh
olde
r oil
palm
pla
ntat
ions
ach
ieve
RSP
O
certi
ficat
ion.
The
initi
ativ
e su
ppor
ts th
e st
ate’
s ju
risdi
ctio
nal a
ppro
ach
to c
ertifi
catio
n (s
ee M
PPU
Dec
.’17)
.
33IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Sept
embe
rSr
i Lan
kaN
atio
nal i
ndus
try
allia
nce:
With
a v
iew
to p
rom
ote
com
mon
inte
rest
s an
d ad
voca
te s
usta
inab
le g
row
th th
roug
h re
spon
sibl
e pr
oduc
tion,
sta
keho
lder
s in
the
coun
try’s
oil p
alm
val
ue c
hain
hav
e se
t up
the
Palm
Oil I
ndus
try A
ssoc
iatio
n. T
he n
ew b
ody
will
focu
s on
mea
sure
s to
pro
tect
the
imag
e of
pal
m o
il an
d in
tend
s to
wor
k cl
osel
y w
ith th
e G
over
nmen
t and
indu
stry
exp
erts
to
addr
ess
conc
erns
rais
ed b
y th
e co
untry
’s C
entra
l Env
ironm
ent A
utho
rity
rega
rdin
g th
e ad
optio
n of
goo
d ag
ricul
tura
l pra
ctic
es,
nota
bly
by p
rom
otin
g m
easu
res
to p
reve
nt g
roun
d w
ater
dep
letio
n an
d so
il er
osio
n as
wel
l as
limit
agro
-che
mic
al u
se. I
n Sr
i La
nka,
whe
re a
lim
it of
20
000
hect
ares
has
bee
n im
pose
d on
oil
palm
cul
tivat
ion,
cle
arin
g of
exi
stin
g na
tura
l for
ests
rem
ains
st
rictly
forb
idde
n. A
s a
resu
lt, o
il pa
lm c
ultiv
atio
n is
con
fined
to c
onve
rted,
unp
rodu
ctiv
e ru
bber
and
tea
plan
tatio
n la
nd.
34IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Oct
ober
Glo
bal
Indu
stry
sou
rcin
g po
licie
s:
Glo
bal p
acka
ged
food
s co
mpa
ny M
onde
lez
Inte
rnat
iona
l inf
orm
ed t
hat
it ca
lled
on it
s pa
lm
oil s
uppl
iers
to c
omm
it to
zer
o-de
fore
stat
ion
polic
ies
and
com
preh
ensi
ve o
il pa
lm c
once
ssio
n m
appi
ng, a
ddin
g th
at it
has
ex
clud
ed 1
2 up
stre
am s
uppl
iers
from
its
supp
ly c
hain
bec
ause
of b
reac
hes.
On
a re
late
d m
atte
r, gl
obal
food
s an
d dr
inks
m
anuf
actu
rer N
estlé
ann
ounc
ed th
at it
wou
ld e
nd s
ourc
ing
palm
oil
from
sup
plie
rs th
at fa
il to
com
ply
with
its
sust
aina
bilit
y po
licie
s as
the
com
pany
em
brac
es s
atel
lite
tech
nolo
gy th
at a
llow
s tra
cing
def
ores
tatio
n.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 45
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*35
INDU
STRY
ST
ANDA
RDS
– Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Oct
ober
Indi
aN
atio
nal m
arke
t al
lianc
e:
Indi
a ha
s se
en th
e la
unch
of a
Sus
tain
able
Pal
m O
il C
oalit
ion,
Indi
a-SP
OC
, as
a co
llabo
rativ
e eff
ort b
etw
een
the
Cen
tre fo
r Res
pons
ible
Bus
ines
s, W
WF-
Indi
a, R
ainf
ores
t Allia
nce
and
the
Roun
dtab
le o
n Su
stai
nabl
e Pa
lm
Oil
(see
also
MPP
U A
ug.’1
8). A
s th
e w
orld
’s la
rges
t con
sum
er a
nd im
porte
r of p
alm
oil,
Indi
a co
uld
play
a s
igni
fican
t rol
e in
dr
ivin
g su
stai
nabl
e pr
actic
es in
the
palm
oil
sect
or w
orld
wid
e. T
he in
itiat
ive
is a
imed
at a
ddre
ssin
g ba
rrier
s an
d ch
alle
nges
to
sus
tain
able
pal
m o
il, ta
king
into
con
side
ratio
n th
e ch
arac
teris
tics
of In
dia’
s pa
lm o
il in
dust
ry. A
ctiv
ities
will
focu
s on
bes
t pr
actic
es f
or p
rodu
ctio
n, c
ompl
emen
tary
pol
icy
mea
sure
s, t
rade
lin
kage
s, a
nd c
onsu
mer
sen
sitis
atio
n to
sus
tain
abilit
y. Pr
oduc
ers,
civ
il so
ciet
y gr
oups
, con
sum
er g
oods
man
ufac
ture
rs, r
etai
lers
, tra
ders
and
fina
ncia
l ins
titut
ions
will
be in
vite
d to
col
labo
rate
. Rec
ently
, a c
ompa
rabl
e in
itiat
ive
has
been
laun
ched
in C
hina
, the
wor
ld’s
third
larg
est p
alm
oil
impo
rter (
see
MPP
U A
ug.1
8).
36IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Nov
embe
rG
loba
lR
SPO
– r
evis
ed s
tand
ard:
Fol
low
ing
an in
-dep
th m
ulti-
stak
ehol
der r
evie
w o
f its
prin
cipl
es a
nd c
riter
ia, R
SPO
, the
glo
bal,
indu
stry
-led
palm
oil
certi
ficat
ion
body
, ha
s ad
opte
d a
new
cer
tifica
tion
stan
dard
aim
ed a
t st
reng
then
ing
envi
ronm
enta
l pr
otec
tion,
soc
ial d
evel
opm
ent a
nd e
cono
mic
pro
sper
ity a
cros
s th
e pa
lm o
il val
ue c
hain
. The
revi
sion
of t
he e
xist
ing
stan
dard
w
as fr
amed
aro
und
four
key
ele
men
ts: i
) hal
ting
defo
rest
atio
n, ii
) pro
tect
ing
peat
land
s, ii
i) st
reng
then
ing
hum
an a
nd la
bour
rig
hts,
and
iv) e
nhan
cing
tran
spar
ency
in th
e RS
PO sy
stem
– w
ith th
e ul
timat
e ob
ject
ive
to in
crea
se m
arke
t upt
ake
of su
stai
nabl
e pa
lm o
il. N
ew fe
atur
es in
clud
e sp
ecifi
c pr
ovis
ions
to p
rote
ct c
hild
ren
and
the
adop
tion
of z
ero-
defo
rest
atio
n re
quire
men
ts in
hi
gh fo
rest
cov
er la
ndsc
apes
usi
ng th
e H
igh
Car
bon
Stoc
k Ap
proa
ch. T
he la
tter b
ans
the
clea
ranc
e of
sec
onda
ry fo
rest
s an
d ce
rtain
pea
t ar
eas
(whi
ch w
as a
llow
ed u
nder
RSP
O’s
form
er s
tand
ard)
, whi
le r
espe
ctin
g la
nd u
sers
’ rig
hts
and
upho
ldin
g in
dige
nous
peo
ples
’ rig
hts
to s
elf-d
eter
min
atio
n. T
he n
ew s
tand
ard
has
com
e in
to e
ffect
imm
edia
tely,
thou
gh e
xist
ing
RSPO
gr
ower
mem
bers
wer
e gi
ven
a on
e-ye
ar tr
ansi
tion
perio
d fo
r its
ado
ptio
n. T
he re
view
pro
cess
als
o re
sulte
d in
the
subs
eque
nt
deve
lopm
ent
of a
sep
arat
e st
anda
rd s
peci
fical
ly c
over
ing
inde
pend
ent
smal
lhol
ders
, due
for
appr
oval
in N
ovem
ber
2019
. En
viro
nmen
tal a
nd c
ivil s
ocie
ty g
roup
s w
elco
med
the
rele
ase
of th
e ne
w s
tand
ard,
urg
ing
RSPO
to p
roce
ed w
ith it
s im
med
iate
im
plem
enta
tion
and
effec
tive
enfo
rcem
ent,
ensu
ring
clos
e su
pplie
r ove
rsig
ht, i
ndep
ende
nt v
erifi
catio
n, a
nd a
stri
ct c
ompl
ianc
e an
d gr
ieva
nce
syst
em.
37IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Nov
embe
rG
loba
lR
SPO
– i
mpa
ct r
epor
t: A
ccor
ding
to
RSPO
’s 20
18 I
mpa
ct R
epor
t, as
of
June
201
8, t
he o
rgan
izatio
n’s
mem
bers
co
vere
d 3.
2 m
illion
hec
tare
s of
cer
tified
are
a, g
loba
lly, p
rodu
cing
13.
6 m
illion
tonn
es o
f cer
tified
sus
tain
able
pal
m o
il. H
igh
Con
serv
atio
n Va
lue
(HC
V) la
nd s
et a
side
and
man
aged
by
RSPO
mem
bers
is e
stim
ated
to a
mou
nt to
263
000
hec
tare
s –
repo
rtedl
y a 3
9% in
crea
se fr
om th
e pr
evio
us re
porti
ng ye
ar. T
he re
port
also
hig
hlig
hts t
he re
duct
ion
of c
arbo
n di
oxid
e em
issi
ons
foun
d th
roug
h G
HG
ass
essm
ent s
ubm
issi
ons
rece
ived
sin
ce 2
015,
link
ing
the
sam
e to
the
cons
erva
tion
of p
eatla
nds.
38IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Nov
embe
rIn
done
sia
Plan
tatio
n m
appi
ng to
ol:
The
Cen
tre fo
r Int
erna
tiona
l For
estry
Res
earc
h (C
IFO
R) p
lans
to re
leas
e an
inte
ract
ive
map
sho
win
g th
e sp
read
of p
lant
atio
ns a
nd ro
ad n
etw
orks
in In
done
sia’
s Pa
pua
regi
on. T
he a
tlas,
whi
ch is
exp
ecte
d to
she
d lig
ht o
n th
e st
atus
of t
he re
gion
’s fo
rest
s, is
mea
nt to
info
rm th
e po
licym
akin
g an
d pl
anni
ng o
f loc
al o
ffici
als,
rais
ing
thei
r aw
aren
ess
abou
t po
ssib
le a
dver
se im
pact
s on
the
envi
ronm
ent a
nd in
dige
nous
com
mun
ities
.
39IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Nov
embe
rM
alay
sia
RSP
O –
grie
vanc
e ca
se:
RSPO
sus
pend
ed th
e m
embe
rshi
p of
a M
alay
sian
pal
m o
il mill
and
four
of i
ts s
uppl
iers
ove
r alle
ged
labo
ur ri
ght a
buse
s. R
epor
tedl
y, a
com
plai
nt fi
led
back
in 2
015
had
iden
tified
inst
ance
s of
forc
ed la
bour
, poo
r liv
ing
cond
ition
s an
d un
fair
term
s of
em
ploy
men
t. In
ter a
lia, t
he c
once
rned
com
pany
out
sour
ced
its fo
reig
n w
orke
rs to
con
tract
ors,
an
act t
hat
viol
ates
Mal
aysi
an la
w a
nd c
ould
be
cons
ider
ed a
s tra
ffick
ing.
40IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Dece
mbe
rC
olom
bia,
th
e N
ethe
rland
s
Cro
ss-b
orde
r ind
ustr
y al
lianc
e: T
he D
utch
oils
and
fats
indu
stry
ass
ocia
tion
MVO
and
Col
ombi
a’s
natio
nal o
il pal
m g
row
ers
fede
ratio
n FE
DEPA
LMA
(with
sup
port
from
civ
il soc
iety
gro
up S
olid
arid
ad a
nd th
e su
stai
nabl
e tra
de in
itiat
ive
IDH
) join
ed fo
rces
to
pro
mot
e tra
de in
sus
tain
ably
pro
duce
d pa
lm o
il be
twee
n C
olom
bia
and
the
Net
herla
nds.
Bes
ides
bei
ng E
urop
e’s
larg
est
palm
oil
impo
rting
cou
ntry
, the
Net
herla
nds
are
the
dest
inat
ion
for a
roun
d 70
per
cent
of C
olom
bia’
s pa
lm o
il sh
ipm
ents
. (Se
e al
so M
PPU
Jan
.’18)
46 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*41
INDU
STRY
ST
ANDA
RDS
– Su
stai
nabl
e oi
l pal
m
Dece
mbe
rIn
done
sia,
M
alay
sia
RSP
O –
sm
allh
olde
r su
ppor
t: R
epor
tedl
y, a
proj
ect j
oint
ly im
plem
ente
d by
the
Roun
dtab
le o
n Su
stai
nabl
e Pa
lm O
il –
the
glob
al, i
ndus
try-le
d pa
lm o
il ce
rtific
atio
n bo
dy –
and
the
UN
’s En
viro
nmen
t Pro
gram
me
to p
rom
ote
impr
oved
live
lihoo
ds a
nd
sust
aina
ble
prod
uctio
n am
ong
oil p
alm
sm
allh
olde
rs in
Indo
nesi
a an
d M
alay
sia
has
deliv
ered
the
follo
win
g re
sults
: i)
impr
oved
kn
owle
dge
and
capa
city
on
good
agr
icul
tura
l pra
ctic
es, s
usta
inab
le a
gric
ultu
re a
nd p
ricin
g/gr
adin
g m
echa
nism
; ii)
incr
ease
d ac
cess
to a
gric
ultu
ral in
puts
; iii)
impr
oved
acc
ess
to lo
w-in
tere
st lo
ans;
iv) h
ighe
r aw
aren
ess
abou
t the
ben
efits
of c
ertifi
catio
n;
and
v) b
ette
r kno
wle
dge
of b
arrie
rs li
miti
ng a
cces
s to
cer
tifica
tion,
not
ably
lega
l iss
ues
conc
erni
ng la
nd o
wne
rshi
p.
42IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Dece
mbe
rN
orth
Am
eric
aR
egio
nal m
arke
t alli
ance
: N
ASPO
N, t
he in
dust
ry-le
d N
orth
Am
eric
an S
usta
inab
le P
alm
Oil
Net
wor
k la
unch
ed in
late
201
7 (s
ee M
PPU
Jan
.’18)
, set
up
thre
e ne
w w
ork-
stre
ams
to fu
rther
its
abilit
y to
impa
ct s
usta
inab
le p
alm
oil
upta
ke in
the
regi
on.
New
wor
k w
ill fo
cus
on th
e su
pply
and
upt
ake
of d
eriv
ativ
es o
f cer
tified
pal
m o
il an
d pa
lm k
erne
l oil,
seg
rega
ted
mat
eria
l su
pply
cha
ins,
and
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f edu
catio
nal m
ater
ial.
43IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
oil p
alm
Dece
mbe
rSo
uthe
ast
Asia
Indu
stry
sou
rcin
g po
licie
s:
Asia
n ag
ribus
ines
s gr
oup
Wilm
ar, w
hich
ple
dged
to s
top
purc
hasi
ng p
alm
oil
from
sup
plie
rs
foun
d to
be
in v
iola
tion
of it
s su
stai
nabi
lity
polic
y, ha
s ad
opte
d a
new
sup
plie
r m
onito
ring
and
enga
gem
ent
prog
ram
me,
en
listin
g th
e su
ppor
t of a
n en
viro
nmen
tal a
dvoc
acy
grou
p. A
llege
dly,
the
initi
ativ
e w
ill he
lp th
e co
mpa
ny m
onito
r thi
rd-p
arty
pl
anta
tions
and
allo
w fo
r fas
ter a
ctio
n ag
ains
t non
-com
plia
nt s
uppl
iers
. The
initi
ativ
e in
clud
es re
med
iatio
n m
easu
res
for p
ast
defo
rest
atio
n or
pea
tland
dev
elop
men
ts. T
he c
ompa
ny e
xpec
ts to
fini
sh m
appi
ng it
s su
pply
cha
in b
y en
d 20
19. A
mon
g ke
y ch
alle
nges
face
d, W
ilmar
list
ed th
e op
aque
ow
ners
hip
stru
ctur
es s
ome
com
pani
es h
ave
in p
lace
. Civ
il so
ciet
y ca
mpa
igne
rs
have
urg
ed th
e co
mpa
ny to
mak
e its
sup
plie
rs’ c
once
ssio
n m
aps
publ
icly
ava
ilabl
e.
44IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
Mar
chTo
goC
ertifi
ed o
rgan
ic s
oybe
an:
In T
ogo,
a g
roup
of a
gric
ultu
ral e
ntre
pren
eurs
is p
lann
ing
to m
arke
t 10
000
tonn
es o
f cer
tified
or
gani
c so
ybea
n in
the
2018
/19
seas
on. R
epor
tedl
y, a
num
ber o
f NG
Os
and
gove
rnm
ent a
genc
ies
are
back
ing
the
initi
ativ
e by
pr
ovid
ing
assi
stan
ce in
rega
rd to
bus
ines
s pl
an d
evel
opm
ent a
nd p
rovi
sion
of q
ualit
y se
ed.
45IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
April
Braz
ilSu
stai
nabl
e pr
oduc
tion
– co
untr
y co
aliti
on:
In B
razil
, a c
oalit
ion
of tr
ader
s, e
nviro
nmen
tal g
roup
s, re
sear
ch in
stitu
tes
and
gove
rnm
ent d
epar
tmen
ts la
unch
ed a
tool
des
igne
d to
hel
p pr
oduc
ers
iden
tify
alre
ady
clea
red
land
to p
lant
soy
bean
s in
the
coun
try’s
Amaz
on a
nd C
erra
do b
iom
es. T
he g
roup
cla
ims
that
the
too
l can
hel
p pa
rtici
pant
s in
the
soy
bean
val
ue c
hain
ex
pand
soy
bean
cul
tivat
ion
in a
sus
tain
able
way
, the
reby
con
tain
ing
fore
st d
egra
datio
n an
d ot
her e
nviro
nmen
tal/s
ocia
l ris
ks.
Econ
omic
viab
ility c
onsi
dera
tions
are
als
o ca
ptur
ed b
y the
tool
, as i
nfor
mat
ion
on a
loca
tion’
s yie
ld h
isto
ry, it
s log
istic
al fe
atur
es
and
sim
ilar p
aram
eter
s is
gat
here
d by
the
syst
em. O
ne o
f the
tool
’s m
ain
valu
es is
see
n in
brin
ging
toge
ther
info
rmat
ion
from
m
ultip
le s
ourc
es o
n on
e si
ngle
pla
tform
. Rep
orte
dly,
ther
e ar
e pl
ans
to e
xpan
d co
vera
ge b
y in
clud
ing
Arge
ntin
a’s
Cha
co
regi
on, a
noth
er z
one
whe
re s
oybe
an e
xpan
sion
is a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith e
nviro
nmen
tal d
egra
datio
n ris
ks.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 47
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*46
INDU
STRY
ST
ANDA
RDS
– Su
stai
nabl
e so
y
Augu
stBr
azil,
Ar
gent
ina
Priv
ate
sect
or in
itiat
ives
: N
ew e
fforts
to p
rom
ote
sust
aina
ble
soyb
ean
prod
uctio
n (th
ereb
y m
eetin
g gr
owin
g de
man
d fo
r su
stai
nabl
y pr
oduc
ed s
oy in
Eur
ope
and
else
whe
re) h
ave
been
repo
rted
from
Bra
zil. I
n th
e C
erra
do re
gion
, a v
ast s
avan
nah
zone
in th
e co
untry
’s C
entre
-Wes
t, cl
eara
nce
of n
ativ
e fo
rest
s an
d ve
geta
tion
prog
ress
ed ra
pidl
y in
the
last
15–
20 y
ears
to
free
spac
e fo
r the
cul
tivat
ion
of s
oybe
ans
and
othe
r cro
ps a
nd p
astu
re la
nd –
a d
evel
opm
ent f
uelle
d by
attr
activ
e la
nd p
rices
, le
ss s
tring
ent f
ores
t pre
serv
atio
n re
quire
men
ts c
ompa
red
to th
ose
appl
ied
in th
e Am
azon
bas
in, a
nd th
e ab
senc
e of
bin
ding
pr
ivat
e se
ctor
initi
ativ
es to
pro
tect
the
envi
ronm
ent.
Expe
rts p
oint
ed o
ut th
at u
nche
cked
cro
p ex
pans
ion
in th
e bi
odiv
erse
C
erra
do e
cosy
stem
, whi
ch is
hom
e to
impo
rtant
aqu
ifers
and
rive
r sys
tem
s, c
ould
resu
lt in
soi
l deg
rada
tion,
wat
er ta
ble
and
aqui
fer p
ollu
tion,
cha
nges
in re
gion
al (a
nd p
ossi
bly
cont
inen
t-wid
e) ra
infa
ll pa
ttern
s, a
nd s
harp
redu
ctio
ns in
car
bon
diox
ide
stor
age.
Rep
orte
dly,
vast
are
as o
f dry
fore
sts
in A
rgen
tina’
s G
ran
Cha
co re
gion
are
con
front
ed w
ith id
entic
al c
halle
nges
. In
Braz
il, to
add
ress
thes
e is
sues
, tw
o ne
w in
itiat
ives
hav
e be
en la
unch
ed b
y th
e pr
ivat
e se
ctor
: i) t
he C
erra
do M
anife
sto,
and
ii) a
pr
ogra
mm
e on
resp
onsi
ble
lend
ing.
Acc
ordi
ng to
med
ia re
ports
, the
num
ber o
f com
pani
es v
olun
taril
y ad
herin
g to
the
Cer
rado
M
anife
sto
– an
initi
ativ
e la
unch
ed la
st y
ear b
y en
viro
nmen
tal o
rgan
izatio
ns to
pro
mot
e m
easu
res
that
hel
p en
d th
e co
nver
sion
of
nat
ive
vege
tatio
n in
Bra
zil’s
Cer
rado
bio
me
– co
ntin
ues
to g
row.
Bes
ides
cal
ling
for s
trict
er a
nd m
ore
effec
tive
envi
ronm
enta
l le
gisl
atio
n, th
e M
anife
sto
calls
on
com
pani
es in
the
soy
and
mea
t sup
ply
chai
ns to
a) a
dopt
pol
icie
s to
end
the
conv
ersi
on o
f na
tive
vege
tatio
n, a
nd b
) dis
soci
ate
thei
r pro
duct
ion
chai
ns fr
om re
cent
ly d
efor
este
d ar
eas.
Rep
orte
dly,
over
100
inve
stor
s an
d co
rpor
ate
firm
s, in
clud
ing
seve
ral g
loba
l foo
d ch
ains
and
sup
erm
arke
ts, h
ave
sign
ed o
n to
the
agr
eem
ent.
How
ever
, m
arke
t obs
erve
rs p
oint
ed o
ut th
at g
loba
l com
mod
ity tr
ader
s, w
hich
are
ver
y ac
tive
in th
e C
erra
do, h
ave
been
slo
w in
join
ing
the
initi
ativ
e. M
oreo
ver,
in c
ontra
st to
the
Amaz
on S
oy M
orat
oriu
m (w
hich
doe
s en
joy
the
parti
cipa
tion
of g
loba
l com
mod
ity
trade
rs),
it re
mai
ns u
ncle
ar w
heth
er s
igna
torie
s to
the
Cer
rado
Man
ifest
o –
besi
des
pled
ging
to ta
ke m
easu
res
that
con
tribu
te
to th
e el
imin
atio
n of
nat
ive
vege
tatio
n lo
ss fr
om th
eir s
uppl
y ch
ains
– a
lso
expl
icitl
y co
mm
it to
sto
p pu
rcha
sing
farm
pro
duct
s gr
own
on fr
eshl
y cl
eare
d la
nd. W
ith re
spec
t to
resp
onsi
ble
lend
ing,
glo
bal c
omm
odity
trad
er B
unge
, Ban
co S
anta
nder
and
Th
e N
atur
e C
onse
rvan
cy (T
NC
) ann
ounc
ed th
at th
ey jo
intly
dev
elop
ed a
n in
nova
tive
finan
cing
mec
hani
sm fo
r so
y fa
rmer
s in
Bra
zil’s
Cer
rado
regi
on. T
he p
rogr
amm
e pr
omot
es c
rop
prod
uctio
n th
at fo
rego
es fu
rther
def
ores
tatio
n or
con
vers
ion
of
nativ
e ve
geta
tion
by o
fferin
g lo
ng-te
rm lo
ans
to fa
rmer
s w
illing
to c
omm
it to
the
appr
oach
. The
initi
ativ
e is
aim
ed a
t lim
iting
pr
oduc
tion
expa
nsio
n to
land
that
has
bee
n cl
eare
d al
read
y, th
us g
oing
bey
ond
the
exis
ting
envi
ronm
enta
l reg
ulat
ions
. TN
C
estim
ates
alre
ady
clea
red
land
in th
e C
erra
do s
uita
ble
for s
oybe
an p
rodu
ctio
n at
25
milli
on h
ecta
res.
Und
er th
e pr
ogra
mm
e,
loan
s w
ill be
pro
vide
d to
indi
vidu
al, f
amily
or c
orpo
rate
farm
ers
in e
ligib
le lo
catio
ns.
(On
past
priv
ate
sect
or in
itiat
ives,
see
M
PPU
Jun
e’11
, Jun
e’16
& M
ay’1
8)
47IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
Dece
mbe
rBr
azil
Sust
aina
ble
prod
uctio
n in
cent
ives
: Th
e C
erra
do W
orki
ng G
roup
(GTC
), w
hich
brin
gs to
geth
er re
pres
enta
tives
of B
razil
’s so
y in
dust
ry, i
nter
natio
nal t
radi
ng fi
rms
and
cons
umer
goo
d co
mpa
nies
, and
env
ironm
enta
l NG
Os,
is e
xplo
ring
the
viab
ility
of s
ettin
g up
a f
und
to r
ewar
d fa
rmer
s in
the
cou
ntry
’s ec
olog
ical
ly r
ich
Cer
rado
bio
me
for
pres
ervi
ng n
ativ
e ve
geta
tion
on th
eir s
oybe
an fa
rms
– he
nce
prot
ectin
g ar
eas
that
cou
ld o
ther
wis
e be
lega
lly d
efor
este
d. A
ctua
lly, C
erra
do fa
rmer
s ar
e on
ly re
quire
d to
pre
serv
e 20
–35
perc
ent o
f the
ir fa
rms’
nat
ive
cove
r – m
uch
less
than
farm
ers
in th
e ne
ighb
ourin
g Am
azon
ba
sin.
The
pro
posa
l und
er c
onsi
dera
tion
envi
sage
s pa
ymen
ts o
f abo
ut U
SD 1
50 p
er h
a pe
r yea
r for
pre
serv
ing
area
s th
at
qual
ify fo
r def
ores
tatio
n, u
sing
land
alre
ady
conv
erte
d to
pas
ture
land
inst
ead.
Fun
ding
wou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed b
y st
akeh
olde
rs
acro
ss th
e so
y su
pply
cha
in, i
nclu
ding
Bra
zil’s
asso
ciat
ion
of v
eget
able
oil
indu
strie
s (A
BIO
VE),
glob
al tr
adin
g fir
ms,
maj
or
fore
ign
cons
umer
bra
nds
and
larg
e re
taile
rs. T
he a
dmin
istra
tion
and
mon
itorin
g of
suc
h sc
hem
e is
exp
ecte
d to
be
cost
ly a
nd
tech
nica
lly c
halle
ngin
g. R
epor
tedl
y, N
GO
s w
ould
ass
ist i
n fu
nd-r
aisi
ng a
ctiv
ities
and
hel
p al
l seg
men
ts o
f the
sup
ply
chai
n se
cure
inde
pend
ent v
erifi
catio
n of
def
ores
tatio
n/co
nser
vatio
n le
vels
. (Se
e al
so M
PPU
Dec
.’18)
48IN
DUST
RY
STAN
DARD
S –
Sust
aina
ble
soy
Dece
mbe
rG
loba
lR
espo
nsib
le s
ourc
ing
com
mitm
ents
: Su
perm
arke
t cha
in L
idl-U
K pl
edge
d to
exc
lusi
vely
sou
rce
soyb
eans
from
sus
tain
able
, de
fore
stat
ion-
free
sour
ces
in it
s su
pply
cha
in. R
epor
tedl
y, si
nce
Sept
embe
r 201
8, th
e re
taile
r is
back
ing
its s
oybe
an p
urch
ases
by
‘Boo
k &
Cla
im’ c
ertifi
cate
s is
sued
by
the
Roun
dtab
le fo
r Res
pons
ible
Soy
(RTR
S). I
n a
subs
eque
nt p
hase
, the
com
pany
in
tend
s to
mov
e to
war
ds p
hysi
cally
trac
eabl
e su
pply
cha
ins.
48 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*49
INDU
STRY
ST
ANDA
RDS
– Su
stai
nabl
e co
conu
t
July
Philip
pine
sPr
ivat
e in
dust
ry –
dev
elop
men
t effo
rt:
Glo
bal o
ils/fa
ts m
anuf
actu
rer A
AK in
tend
s to
col
labo
rate
clo
sely
with
Filip
ino
coco
nut
farm
ers
to g
uara
ntee
qua
lity
and
supp
ly fo
r a n
ew p
roce
ssin
g fa
cilit
y lo
cate
d in
Luz
on. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e co
mpa
ny s
trive
s to
im
prov
e th
e su
stai
nabi
lity
of c
ocon
ut p
rodu
ctio
n in
the
coun
try. U
nder
sim
ilar i
nitia
tives
in A
frica
, far
mer
s w
ere
enco
urag
ed to
fo
rm c
oope
rativ
es a
nd re
ceiv
ed a
ssis
tanc
e in
set
ting
up b
ank
acco
unts
. The
com
pany
pla
ns to
pro
duce
for b
oth
the
dom
estic
an
d ex
port
mar
ket.
50IN
TERN
ATIO
NAL
TR
ADE
& DO
MES
TIC
LO
GIS
TIC
S
Febr
uary
Thai
land
, La
o Pe
ople
’s De
moc
ratic
Re
publ
ic
Ove
rsea
s in
vest
men
t: A
Tha
i pal
m o
il tra
der i
s pl
anni
ng to
set
up
an o
il pa
lm p
lant
atio
n an
d a
proc
essi
ng u
nit f
or b
iodi
esel
pr
oduc
tion
in n
eigh
bour
ing
Laos
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
mov
e is
driv
en b
y a
lack
of a
ppro
pria
te o
ppor
tuni
ties
– in
par
ticul
ar th
e lim
ited
avai
labi
lity
of la
nd fo
r pla
ntat
ions
– in
Tha
iland
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
Thai
com
pany
is a
lso
enga
ged
in R
&D w
ork,
focu
sing
on
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f oil p
alm
var
ietie
s th
at a
re to
lera
nt to
the
drie
r wea
ther
con
ditio
ns p
reva
iling
in L
aos.
51IN
TERN
ATIO
NAL
TR
ADE
& DO
MES
TIC
LO
GIS
TIC
S
Mar
chBr
azil,
Pa
nam
aTr
ade
prom
otio
n –
soyb
eans
: Br
azil’s
Apr
osoj
a, th
e As
soci
atio
n of
Soy
bean
and
Mai
ze P
rodu
cers
of M
ato
Gro
sso,
sig
ned
an a
gree
men
t with
the
Pana
ma
Can
al A
utho
rity
to p
rom
ote
the
rece
ntly
exp
ande
d C
entra
l Am
eric
an w
ater
way
as
a ke
y ro
ute
for g
rain
shi
pmen
ts tr
avel
ling
from
Nor
ther
n Br
azil t
o de
stin
atio
ns in
the
Paci
fic O
cean
. Und
er th
e ag
reem
ent,
way
s to
incr
ease
th
e C
anal
’s pa
rtici
patio
n in
Bra
zil’s
risin
g gr
ain
expo
rts w
ill be
exp
lore
d, fo
cusi
ng o
n th
e on
-goi
ng e
xpan
sion
of s
hipm
ents
out
of
Bra
zil’s
new
nor
thea
ster
n te
rmin
als,
whi
ch a
re c
lose
r to
the
Pana
ma
Can
al (s
ee M
PPU
Mar
.’18)
. For
the
time
bein
g, th
e bu
lk
of B
razil
’s gr
ains
are
shi
pped
from
the
coun
try’s
sout
hern
por
ts a
nd th
e At
lant
ic O
cean
. How
ever
, with
rega
rd to
sal
es to
Asi
a,
avai
ling
of th
e C
anal
has
the
pote
ntia
l to
redu
ce to
tal t
rave
l tim
e si
gnifi
cant
ly. T
he n
ew p
artn
ersh
ip w
ill co
ncen
trate
on
Pana
max
ve
ssel
s, g
iven
the
sim
ilarit
y be
twee
n th
e dr
afts
in th
e Am
azon
Riv
er p
orts
and
the
Can
al’s
lock
s. R
epor
tedl
y, th
e ag
reem
ent i
s th
e fir
st m
emor
andu
m o
f und
erst
andi
ng s
igne
d be
twee
n th
e Pa
nam
a C
anal
and
a p
artn
er in
a L
atin
Am
eric
an c
ount
ry.
52IN
TERN
ATIO
NAL
TR
ADE
& DO
MES
TIC
LO
GIS
TIC
S
Mar
chC
hina
, Bra
zilO
vers
eas
inve
stm
ent:
A c
onso
rtium
led
by
stat
e-ow
ned
Chi
na C
omm
unic
atio
ns C
onst
ruct
ion
Com
pany
(C
CC
C)
has
begu
n co
nstru
ctio
n of
the
port
of S
ão L
uís
in B
razil
’s no
rthea
ster
n st
ate
of M
aran
hão.
The
fres
h in
vest
men
t in
Braz
il’s p
ort
infra
stru
ctur
e is
exp
ecte
d to
furth
er e
nhan
ce th
e co
untry
’s ab
ility
to s
hip
grai
ns/o
ilsee
ds v
ia th
e ra
pidl
y ex
pand
ing
north
ern
expo
rt co
rrido
r kn
own
as ‘A
rco
Nor
te’ (
see
also
MPP
U M
ar.’1
8). A
t the
sam
e tim
e, th
e in
itiat
ive
will
allo
w C
hina
to fu
rther
ex
pand
its
pres
ence
in th
e co
untry
that
sat
isfie
s ha
lf of
Chi
na’s
soyb
ean
impo
rt re
quire
men
ts, s
uppl
ying
abo
ut 5
0 m
illion
tonn
es
annu
ally.
The
inve
stm
ent f
ollo
ws
earli
er C
hine
se v
entu
res
in B
razil
’s in
frast
ruct
ure
and
grai
n tra
de (s
ee M
PPU
Feb
.’16,
Jun
e/O
ct./D
ec.’1
7 &
Jan.
’18)
. On
a si
mila
r not
e, p
rivat
e so
urce
s su
gges
ted
that
, in
2017
, Chi
na’s
stat
e-ow
ned
grai
n tra
ding
gro
up
CO
FCO
Inte
rnat
iona
l adv
ance
d to
four
th p
ositi
on in
the
rank
ing
of B
razil
ian
expo
rters
of s
oy, s
oym
eal a
nd m
aize
– a
fter B
unge
, C
argi
ll and
Mar
uben
i, an
d be
fore
Lou
is Dr
eyfu
s an
d AD
M.
53IN
TERN
ATIO
NAL
TR
ADE
& DO
MES
TIC
LO
GIS
TIC
S
May
Chi
naO
vers
eas
inve
stm
ent:
Am
id e
scal
atin
g tra
de te
nsio
ns b
etw
een
Chi
na a
nd th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, mar
ket o
bser
vers
repo
rted
fresh
eff
orts
by
Chi
na’s
stat
e-ow
ned
grai
n tra
ding
gro
up C
OFC
O in
pos
ition
ing
itsel
f to
rais
e so
ybea
n pu
rcha
ses
in B
razil
. To
incr
ease
its
‘orig
inat
ion
capa
bilit
ies’
, the
com
pany
is s
aid
to h
ave
stre
ngth
ened
its
loca
l tea
m o
f buy
ers.
Whi
le in
crea
sing
its
abilit
y to
so
urce
dire
ctly
from
farm
ers,
the
com
pany
als
o re
mai
ns in
volv
ed in
the
impr
ovem
ent o
f the
cou
ntry
’ shi
ppin
g in
frast
ruct
ure.
Re
porte
dly,
CO
FCO
is a
pply
ing
for t
he re
new
al o
f its
por
t con
cess
ions
with
a v
iew
to p
ave
the
way
for f
urth
er in
vest
men
ts. (
See
also
MPP
U F
eb.’1
6 &
June
/Oct
./Dec
.’17)
54IN
TERN
ATIO
NAL
TR
ADE
& DO
MES
TIC
LO
GIS
TIC
S
June
Mal
aysi
aTr
ade
prom
otio
n –
palm
oil:
The
Mal
aysi
an P
alm
Oil C
ounc
il (M
POC
) inf
orm
ed th
at it
will
incr
ease
its
effor
ts to
pro
mot
e sa
les
of M
alay
sian
pal
m o
il to
mar
kets
oth
er th
an th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
, citi
ng c
once
rns
abou
t the
pos
sibl
e in
trodu
ctio
n of
impo
rt ba
rrier
s in
the
EU.
55IN
TERN
ATIO
NAL
TR
ADE
& DO
MES
TIC
LO
GIS
TIC
S
July
Spai
nTr
ade
prom
otio
n –
oliv
e oi
l: S
pain
’s ol
ive
oil i
ndus
try h
as la
unch
ed a
cam
paig
n to
pro
mot
e ol
ive
oil s
ales
acr
oss
Euro
pe,
Amer
ica
and
Asia
. The
thre
e-ye
ar in
itiat
ive
enjo
ys c
o-fin
anci
ng fr
om th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
. Pro
mot
iona
l act
iviti
es w
ill be
dire
cted
m
ainl
y to
con
sum
ers
in S
pain
, Ger
man
y, th
e U
nite
d Ki
ngdo
m, B
elgi
um, t
he N
ethe
rland
s, C
hina
, Jap
an, a
nd th
e U
nite
d St
ates
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 49
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*56
INTE
RNAT
ION
AL
TRAD
E &
DOM
ESTI
C
LOG
ISTI
CS
Augu
stBr
azil
Stor
age
infr
astr
uctu
re: A
ccor
ding
to m
edia
repo
rts, t
wo
Braz
ilian
bank
s hav
e la
unch
ed n
ew c
redi
t lin
es sp
ecifi
cally
ear
mar
ked
for t
he c
onst
ruct
ion,
exp
ansi
on o
r ren
ovat
ion
of o
n-fa
rm g
rain
sto
rage
faci
litie
s.
57IN
TERN
ATIO
NAL
TR
ADE
& DO
MES
TIC
LO
GIS
TIC
S
Augu
stC
hina
, M
alay
sia
Bila
tera
l tra
de in
itiat
ive
– pa
lm o
il:
Chi
na’s
stat
e-ow
ned
tradi
ng a
nd fo
od p
roce
ssin
g gr
oup
CO
FCO
has
sig
ned
a jo
int
vent
ure
agre
emen
t with
a la
rge
Mal
aysi
an p
lant
atio
n co
mpa
ny to
set
up
plan
ts in
Mal
aysi
a fo
r the
pro
duct
ion
of p
alm
oil-
base
d pr
oduc
ts fo
r the
Chi
nese
mar
ket.
58IN
TERN
ATIO
NAL
TR
ADE
& DO
MES
TIC
LO
GIS
TIC
S
Nov
embe
rBr
azil
Farm
er –
infr
astr
uctu
re c
o-fu
ndin
g: C
onfro
nted
with
poo
r roa
d in
frast
ruct
ure
and,
mor
e re
cent
ly, g
over
nmen
t-set
min
imum
tru
ck fr
eigh
t rat
es, M
ato
Gro
sso’
s so
y fa
rmer
s ha
ve re
itera
ted
thei
r int
eres
t in
co-fu
ndin
g th
e co
nstru
ctio
n of
‘Fer
rogr
ão’,
a 93
3-ki
lom
eter
railr
oad
proj
ect t
hat w
ould
con
nect
the
regi
on’s
striv
ing
grai
n ar
eas
with
tran
ship
men
t por
ts in
the
Amaz
on b
asin
(s
ee a
lso M
PPU
Jul
y’17
& J
an./O
ct.’1
8). A
ccor
ding
to M
ato
Gro
sso’
s so
ybea
n gr
ower
s as
soci
atio
n, o
ut o
f an
estim
ated
tota
l co
nstru
ctio
n co
st o
f BRL
12.
7 bi
llion
(USD
3.4
billi
on),
prod
ucer
s co
uld
rais
e BR
L 2.
5 bi
llion
(USD
0.6
6 bi
llion)
. Offi
cial
sou
rces
es
timat
e th
at th
e ra
ilway
wou
ld m
ove
13 m
illion
tonn
es o
f car
go in
its
first
yea
r of o
pera
tion,
and
45
milli
on to
nnes
by
2050
. C
urre
ntly,
mor
e th
an 7
0 pe
rcen
t of M
ato
Gro
sso’
s gr
ains
har
vest
leav
es th
e st
ate
via
its s
outh
boun
d ro
ads
to re
ach
ports
in
mor
e th
an 2
000
km
dis
tanc
e. In
dust
ry e
xper
ts e
xpec
t the
pla
nned
rail-
link
to re
duce
gra
in fr
eigh
t cos
ts b
y BR
L 50
per
tonn
e (U
SD 1
3) o
n av
erag
e.
59M
ARKE
TIN
G
PRAC
TIC
ESFe
brua
ryAr
gent
ina
Roy
alty
pay
men
ts:
Last
Feb
ruar
y, af
ter p
rotra
cted
neg
otia
tions
and
the
deci
sion
of U
.S. s
eed
com
pany
Mon
sant
o to
sus
pend
sa
les
of n
ew s
oybe
an a
nd m
aize
var
ietie
s in
Arg
entin
a (s
ee M
PPU
Jun
e/Ju
ly’16
& F
eb./J
uly’
17),
the
coun
try’s
mai
n fa
rmer
s an
d se
ed p
rodu
cers
ass
ocia
tions
reac
hed
an a
gree
men
t on
the
paym
ent o
f roy
altie
s fo
r GM
see
d va
rietie
s. A
ccor
ding
to lo
cal
med
ia re
ports
, far
mer
s ha
ve a
gree
d to
con
tinue
pay
ing
plan
t bre
eder
s’ ri
ghts
whe
n th
ey re
plan
t GM
see
d –
conc
edin
g th
at th
e co
untry
’s 19
73 s
ee la
w, w
hich
exe
mpt
s fa
rmer
s fro
m p
ayin
g ro
yalti
es w
hen
they
re-u
se s
eeds
obt
aine
d fro
m th
eir o
wn
harv
ests
, is
no
long
er p
ract
icab
le. T
he tw
o si
des
conc
urre
d th
at, w
hen
seed
s ar
e re
plan
ted,
fix
roya
lty p
aym
ents
will
be a
pplie
d du
ring
the
first
thre
e ye
ars,
follo
win
g w
hich
, rat
es c
ould
be
adju
sted
dow
nwar
d. W
heth
er a
nd w
hen
the
coun
try’s
seed
legi
slat
ion
will
be m
odifi
ed a
ccor
ding
ly re
mai
ns to
be
seen
. At a
ny ra
te, t
he re
cent
dea
l sho
uld
allo
w A
rgen
tine
farm
ers
to re
gain
acc
ess
to
stat
e-of
-the-
art G
M s
eed
mat
eria
l.
60M
ARKE
TIN
G
PRAC
TIC
ESFe
brua
ryG
loba
lBl
ockc
hain
-bas
ed tr
ansa
ctio
ns:
Rece
ntly,
glo
bal c
omm
odity
trad
er L
ouis
Drey
fus
com
plet
ed th
e fir
st a
gric
ultu
ral c
omm
odity
tra
nsac
tion
base
d on
a b
lock
chai
n-dr
iven
pla
tform
. The
tra
nsac
tion
invo
lved
a c
argo
of U
.S. s
oybe
ans
ship
ped
to C
hina
, co
verin
g al
l asp
ects
of t
he o
pera
tion
– fro
m fi
nanc
ing
thro
ugh
to c
omm
erci
al c
ontra
ct e
xecu
tion
and
rela
ted
logi
stic
al p
roce
sses
. Th
e di
ffere
nt p
artie
s –
the
trade
r, th
e bu
yer,
the
bank
s is
suin
g an
d co
nfirm
ing
the
rele
vant
lette
r of c
redi
t and
oth
er s
take
hold
ers
– re
lied
excl
usiv
ely
on th
e ne
w p
latfo
rm a
nd it
s di
gita
l tec
hnol
ogy.
Acco
rdin
g to
the
trade
r, us
ing
the
inno
vativ
e to
ol g
reat
ly
redu
ced
time
spen
t on
proc
essi
ng d
ocum
ents
and
allo
wed
for a
larg
er tr
adin
g sc
ope.
Rep
orte
dly,
all p
artic
ipan
ts a
chie
ved
sign
ifica
nt e
ffici
ency
gai
ns. B
enefi
ts li
sted
incl
uded
the
abilit
y to
mon
itor t
he o
pera
tion’
s pr
ogre
ss in
real
tim
e, e
ase
of d
ata
verifi
catio
n, re
duce
d ris
k of
frau
d, a
nd a
sho
rter c
ash
cycl
e. A
llege
dly,
the
plat
form
’s su
cces
s de
mon
stra
tes
the
grea
t pot
entia
l of
dis
tribu
ted
ledg
er te
chno
logi
es to
adv
ance
com
mod
ity tr
adin
g an
d fin
anci
ng.
61M
ARKE
TIN
G
PRAC
TIC
ESFe
brua
ryM
alay
sia
Futu
res
mar
kets
: O
n 28
Feb
ruar
y 20
18,
the
Mal
aysi
an c
omm
odity
exc
hang
e Bu
rsaM
alay
sia i
ntro
duce
d a
num
ber
of
enha
ncem
ent t
o its
cru
de p
alm
oil
futu
res
cont
ract
, inc
ludi
ng a
n in
crea
se in
pos
ition
lim
its, e
xten
ded
tradi
ng h
ours
, add
ition
al
trade
able
con
tract
mon
ths,
and
new
pro
duct
trac
eabi
lity
requ
irem
ents
.
62M
ARKE
TIN
G
PRAC
TIC
ESFe
brua
rySi
ngap
ore
Futu
res
mar
kets
: Th
e As
ia P
acifi
c Ex
chan
ge (A
pex)
has
bee
n ap
prov
ed b
y Si
ngap
ore’
s m
onet
ary
auth
ority
to o
pera
te a
s th
e ci
ty-s
tate
’s th
ird d
eriv
ativ
e ex
chan
ge a
nd c
lear
ing
hous
e. R
epor
tedl
y, Ap
ex w
ill co
mm
ence
trad
ing
in th
e se
cond
qua
rter o
f 20
18, s
tarti
ng w
ith a
USD
-den
omin
ated
and
phy
sica
lly d
eliv
ered
futu
res
cont
ract
for p
alm
ole
in
50 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*63
MAR
KETI
NG
PR
ACTI
CES
Mar
chEu
rope
an
Uni
onPa
lm o
il m
arke
ting
stra
tegi
es:
In th
e EU
, tw
o re
tail
chai
ns d
ecid
ed to
rem
ove
palm
oil
from
thei
r ow
n-br
and
food
pro
duct
s,
citin
g co
ncer
ns o
ver g
row
ing
cons
umer
app
rehe
nsio
n ab
out t
he u
se o
f alle
gedl
y uns
usta
inab
le c
ultiv
atio
n pr
actic
es in
pro
duci
ng
coun
tries
.
64M
ARKE
TIN
G
PRAC
TIC
ESM
arch
Mal
aysi
aFu
ture
s m
arke
ts:
Mal
aysi
a’s
com
mod
ities
futu
res
exch
ange
Bur
sa M
alay
sia B
erha
d an
noun
ced
a nu
mbe
r of c
hang
es to
its
crud
e pa
lm o
il co
ntra
ct, n
amel
y: i
ncre
ased
pos
ition
lim
its; e
xten
ded
tradi
ng h
ours
; a m
ore
flexi
ble
tradi
ng te
nure
; and
new
pr
oduc
t tra
ceab
ility
requ
irem
ents
.
65M
ARKE
TIN
G
PRAC
TIC
ESAp
rilU
nite
d St
ates
Futu
res
mar
kets
: Th
e C
hica
go M
erca
ntile
Exc
hang
e (C
ME
Gro
up) h
as ra
ised
the
max
imum
dai
ly p
rice
chan
ge p
erm
itted
on
its s
oybe
an c
ontra
cts
by 1
0 U
S ce
nts
to 7
5 U
S ce
nts
per b
ushe
l, w
hile
the
limit
for s
oym
eal h
as b
een
incr
ease
d by
USD
5 to
U
SD 2
5 pe
r ton
ne.
66M
ARKE
TIN
G
PRAC
TIC
ESM
ayM
alay
sia
Futu
res
mar
kets
: Bu
rsa
Mal
aysia
has
laun
ched
an
enha
nced
USD
-den
omin
ated
futu
res
cont
ract
for r
efine
d, b
leac
hed
and
deod
orize
d pa
lm o
lein
, to
prov
ide
mor
e tra
ding
opp
ortu
nitie
s an
d fle
xibi
lity
to a
wid
er g
roup
of i
nves
tors
, bot
h do
mes
tic a
nd
fore
ign.
67M
ARKE
TIN
G
PRAC
TIC
ESM
ayU
nite
d St
ates
Futu
res
mar
kets
: Th
e C
hica
go M
erca
ntile
Exc
hang
e G
roup
con
side
red
rais
ing
the
max
imum
sto
rage
rate
s w
areh
ouse
s ar
e al
low
ed to
cha
rge
hold
ers
of m
aize
and
soy
bean
futu
res,
to a
ddre
ss c
once
rns
that
its
cont
ract
s ar
e no
t ade
quat
ely
refle
ctin
g th
e un
derly
ing
U.S
. cas
h gr
ain
mar
kets
.
68M
ARKE
TIN
G
PRAC
TIC
ESJu
lyG
loba
l‘P
alm
oil-
free’
cer
tifica
tion:
PO
FCAP
, th
e vo
lunt
ary
Inte
rnat
iona
l Pal
m O
il Fr
ee C
ertifi
catio
n Ac
cred
itatio
n Pr
ogra
mm
e,
info
rmed
tha
t it
gain
ed r
egul
ator
y ap
prov
al in
9 c
ount
ries
(Aus
tralia
, Aus
tria,
Fra
nce,
Fin
land
, Ita
ly, S
pain
, Sw
eden
, Uni
ted
King
dom
, Uni
ted
Stat
es),
with
app
licat
ions
pen
ding
in 5
oth
ers.
Com
pani
es o
ptin
g to
dis
play
the
Prog
ram
me’
s ce
rtific
atio
n tra
dem
ark
are
asse
ssed
and
cer
tified
pal
m o
il and
pal
m o
il der
ivat
ives
free
.
69M
ARKE
TIN
G
PRAC
TIC
ESAu
gust
Chi
naFu
ture
s m
arke
ts: O
n 13
Aug
ust,
the
Dalia
n C
omm
odity
Exc
hang
e cu
t mar
gin
requ
irem
ents
for a
num
ber o
f con
tract
s, in
clud
ing
soyo
il an
d pa
lm o
il, an
d na
rrow
ed it
s tra
ding
lim
its o
n al
l con
tract
s. F
urth
erm
ore,
on
22 A
ugus
t, th
e ex
chan
ge h
alve
d its
intra
-da
y tra
nsac
tion
fees
for a
num
ber o
f con
tract
s, in
clud
ing
futu
res
for s
oyoi
l, pa
lm o
il and
soy
mea
l as
wel
l as
for s
oym
eal o
ptio
ns.
On
30 A
ugus
t, th
e ex
chan
ge a
lso
redu
ced
the
num
ber o
f del
iver
y da
tes
for s
oybe
an fu
ture
s fro
m n
ine
to s
ix a
nd li
mite
d th
e fo
rwar
d cu
rve
to 1
2 m
onth
s, in
stea
d of
18.
70M
ARKE
TIN
G
PRAC
TIC
ESN
ovem
ber
Uni
ted
Stat
esFu
ture
s m
arke
ts:
Acco
rdin
g to
med
ia re
ports
, the
US
futu
res
exch
ange
ope
rato
r CM
E G
roup
con
tem
plat
ed th
e la
unch
of a
Br
azilia
n so
ybea
n co
ntra
ct, g
iven
that
the
rece
nt U
S–C
hina
trad
e co
nflic
t alte
red
the
glob
al s
oybe
an tr
ade
patte
rn, c
ausi
ng th
e pr
ice
path
s fo
r Bra
zilia
n an
d U
S so
ybea
ns to
div
erge
. Mar
ket e
xper
ts c
onfir
med
that
pre
miu
ms
plac
ed o
n Br
azilia
n so
ybea
ns
are
diffi
cult
to h
edge
via
the
Chi
cago
Boa
rd o
f Tra
de’s
exis
ting
US-
spec
ific
soy
cont
ract
s.
71R&
D –
Pest
con
trol
Febr
uary
Can
ada
Clu
broo
t (ra
pese
ed):
In re
cent
yea
rs, c
lubr
oot,
a so
il-bo
rne
dise
ase
affec
ting
rape
seed
and
oth
er c
ruci
fero
us c
rops
, has
be
com
e a
key
conc
ern
to fa
rmer
s, e
spec
ially
in C
anad
a bu
t als
o in
par
ts o
f Eur
ope.
The
clu
broo
t pat
hoge
n is
a fu
ngus
-like
or
gani
sm w
hose
spo
res
can
surv
ive
in s
oil f
or u
p to
20
year
s. R
epor
tedl
y, th
ere
are
no c
ost-e
ffect
ive
cont
rol m
easu
res
that
ca
n re
mov
e th
e pa
thog
en fr
om a
fiel
d on
ce it
has
bec
ome
infe
sted
. Met
hods
to c
urta
il th
e sp
read
of t
he d
isea
se a
nd re
duce
its
inci
denc
e an
d se
verit
y in
clud
e ca
refu
l sco
utin
g an
d re
cord
kee
ping
, san
itatio
n, s
oil a
men
dmen
ts, c
rop
rota
tion
and
the
use
of re
sist
ant v
arie
ties.
Acc
ordi
ng to
med
ia re
ports
, see
d fir
ms
are
stru
gglin
g to
dev
elop
new
resi
stan
t var
ietie
s (a
pro
cess
that
re
quire
s up
to 1
0 ye
ars)
, bec
ause
of t
he p
atho
gen’
s ca
paci
ty to
ada
pt q
uick
ly. T
o pr
even
t rap
id g
enet
ic s
hifts
and
sub
sequ
ent
loss
of
effec
tive
resi
stan
ce,
Can
ada’
s ra
pese
ed in
dust
ry a
ssoc
iatio
n re
com
men
ded
purs
uing
var
ieta
l res
ista
nce
rese
arch
ju
dici
ousl
y w
ithin
an
inte
grat
ed m
anag
emen
t app
roac
h th
at in
clud
es p
ract
icin
g a
dive
rse
crop
rota
tion
with
at l
east
two
year
s be
twee
n ra
pese
ed c
rops
. Rep
orte
dly,
cont
rary
to th
ese
reco
mm
enda
tions
, Can
ada’
s re
cent
reco
rd c
rops
hav
e be
en a
chie
ved
in p
art b
y sh
orte
ning
cro
p ro
tatio
n cy
cles
.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 51
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*72
R&D
– Pe
st c
ontro
lAp
rilEu
rope
an
Uni
onXy
lella
fast
idio
sa:
Rece
ntly,
two
addi
tiona
l man
ifest
atio
ns o
f the
bac
teria
l dis
ease
that
thre
aten
s ol
ive
culti
vatio
n in
the
EU
have
bee
n re
porte
d fro
m S
pain
, one
in th
e ou
tski
rts o
f Mad
rid a
nd th
e ot
her i
n An
dalu
sia
(see
also
MPP
U M
ar.’1
8). A
ndal
usia
is
Spai
n’s
lead
ing
oliv
e gr
owin
g re
gion
, pro
duci
ng c
lose
to 1
milli
on to
nnes
of o
live
oil,
or a
lmos
t one
-third
of g
loba
l pro
duct
ion.
M
eanw
hile
, the
num
ber o
f inf
ecte
d tre
es in
Ital
y’s c
onta
inm
ent z
one
is re
porte
d to
hav
e in
crea
sed
furth
er, w
hile
on
the
Fren
ch
isla
nd o
f Cor
sica
xyl
ella
has
bee
n de
tect
ed fo
r the
firs
t tim
e on
oliv
e tre
es. R
esea
rche
rs h
ave
iden
tified
cic
ada
and
spitt
lebu
g as
com
mon
vec
tor i
nsec
ts re
spon
sibl
e fo
r the
spr
eadi
ng o
f the
dis
ease
.
73R&
D –
Pest
con
trol
June
Euro
pean
U
nion
Xyle
lla fa
stid
iosa
: A
grou
p of
rese
arch
ers
supp
orte
d by
the
Euro
pean
Com
mis
sion
dev
elop
ed a
rem
ote,
airb
orne
imag
ing
met
hod
capa
ble
of s
cann
ing
orch
ards
and
det
ectin
g ol
ive
trees
infe
cted
by
the
xyle
lla fa
stid
iosa
bac
teriu
m b
efor
e an
y vi
sibl
e sy
mpt
oms
appe
ar, t
hus
allo
win
g fo
r rap
id a
nd a
ccur
ate
map
ping
of i
nfec
ted
plan
ts. R
epor
tedl
y, on
ce tr
ees
are
infe
cted
, the
y m
ay s
how
no
sym
ptom
s fo
r up
to o
ne y
ear,
durin
g w
hich
tim
e or
dina
ry s
ap-fe
edin
g in
sect
s m
ay b
e tra
nsm
ittin
g th
e in
fect
ion.
Th
eref
ore,
ear
ly d
etec
tion
is d
eem
ed c
ruci
al fo
r con
trollin
g da
mag
e an
d pr
even
ting
the
dise
ase
from
spr
eadi
ng.
74R&
D –
Pest
con
trol
Augu
stIta
lyXy
lella
fas
tidio
sa:
Afte
r th
ree
year
s of
fiel
d tri
als,
a g
roup
of
Italia
n re
sear
cher
s pr
esen
ted
an o
rgan
ic t
reat
men
t fo
r th
e co
ntai
nmen
t of t
he b
acte
rial d
isea
se a
ffect
ing
oliv
e tre
es. T
he tr
eatm
ent r
ests
on
the
bact
eric
idal
pro
perti
es o
f a p
aten
ted
com
poun
d co
ntai
ning
zin
c, c
oppe
r an
d ci
tric-
acid
hyd
raci
ds. R
epor
tedl
y, be
st r
esul
ts a
re o
btai
ned
whe
n th
e tre
atm
ent
is
com
bine
d w
ith th
e re
mov
al o
f affe
cted
par
ts o
f the
tree
s, re
gula
r pru
ning
and
rout
ine
soil h
arro
win
g.
75R&
D –
Varie
tal
rese
arch
& s
eed
rele
ases
Febr
uary
Aust
ralia
Om
ega3
-ric
h ra
pese
ed:
Aust
ralia
n re
gula
tors
app
rove
d ge
netic
ally
mod
ified
(GM
) om
ega3
-ric
h ra
pese
ed fo
r bot
h hu
man
co
nsum
ptio
n an
d us
e in
lives
tock
/aqu
acul
ture
feed
(see
also
MPP
U J
une’
17).
Hop
ing
that
the
appr
oval
will
smoo
then
regu
lato
ry
revi
ews
in o
ther
cou
ntrie
s, th
e se
ed fi
rm th
at d
evel
oped
the
new
pro
duct
sta
rted
plan
ning
the
varie
ty’s
com
mer
cial
rele
ase
in
Aust
ralia
, the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, C
anad
a an
d po
ssib
ly C
hina
. The
com
pany
inte
nds
to p
rodu
ce th
e cr
op u
nder
a c
lose
d-lo
op g
rain
ha
ndlin
g an
d oi
l pro
cess
ing
syst
em.
76R&
D –
Varie
tal
rese
arch
& s
eed
rele
ases
Mar
chG
loba
lG
ene-
editi
ng:
Seed
com
pani
es a
re s
how
ing
incr
ease
d in
tere
st in
gen
e-ed
iting
tech
niqu
es, a
s op
pose
d to
gen
etic
mod
ifica
tion
met
hods
(see
MPP
U D
ec.’1
6 &
Jan.
’18)
. Mon
sant
o in
form
ed th
at it
ent
ered
a p
artn
ersh
ip w
ith a
sta
rt-up
com
pany
to a
dvan
ce
agric
ultu
ral R
&D o
n so
ybea
n, ra
pese
ed a
nd o
ther
cro
ps b
y le
vera
ging
gen
e-ed
iting
tech
nolo
gies
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
tech
nolo
gy
allo
ws
to p
reci
sely
and
rapi
dly
deve
lop
impr
oved
cro
p va
rietie
s, w
ithou
t mak
ing
reco
urse
to D
NA
trans
fer w
ithin
and
acr
oss
spec
ies
boun
darie
s. T
here
fore
, gen
e-ed
iting
cou
ld h
elp
mee
t gro
win
g co
nsum
er d
eman
d fo
r GM
O-fr
ee fa
rm p
rodu
cts.
77R&
D –
Varie
tal
rese
arch
& s
eed
rele
ases
Augu
stAr
gent
ina
Dro
ught
-tol
eran
t soy
bean
: An
Arg
entin
ian
seed
com
pany
ann
ounc
ed th
e re
leas
e of
a n
ew s
oybe
an v
arie
ty th
at it
cla
ims
to
be m
ore
drou
ght-t
oler
ant t
han
conv
entio
nal v
arie
ties.
The
new
var
iety
has
obt
aine
d re
gula
tory
app
rova
l in
Arge
ntin
a an
d th
e co
mpa
ny p
lans
to c
ondu
ct tr
ials
on
farm
ers’
fiel
ds in
the
forth
com
ing
2018
/19
grow
ing
seas
on.
78R&
D –
Varie
tal
rese
arch
& s
eed
rele
ases
Augu
stEu
rope
an
Uni
onG
ene-
editi
ng:
The
med
ia re
porte
d th
at G
erm
an’s
mul
tinat
iona
l bio
tech
firm
s BA
YER
and
BASF
bot
h sh
elve
d pl
ans
to d
evel
op
and
mar
ket g
ene-
edite
d pl
ant v
arie
ties
in E
urop
e fo
llow
ing
the
EU’s
surp
rise
deci
sion
to re
gula
te s
uch
crop
s as
gen
etic
ally
m
odifi
ed o
rgan
ism
s (s
ee M
PPU
Aug
.’18)
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
EU’s
regu
lato
ry a
ppro
ach
to G
E pl
ants
has
resu
lted
in p
rohi
bitiv
ely
high
mar
ket a
cces
s co
sts.
Oth
er n
ews
repo
rted
that
Ger
man
’s Bi
oeco
nom
y C
ounc
il (a
pan
el o
f sci
entis
ts th
at a
dvis
es th
e G
erm
an G
over
nmen
t) an
d a
num
ber o
f res
earc
h in
stitu
tions
in th
e U
nite
d Ki
ngdo
m in
vite
d th
e Eu
rope
an C
omm
issi
on to
rela
x its
regu
latio
ns fo
r GE
crop
s. T
hey
war
ned
that
if s
trict
rule
s on
thes
e cr
ops
cont
inue
d to
app
ly, in
dust
ry fu
ndin
g co
uld
rece
de
and
GE
rese
arch
cou
ld s
hift
to c
ount
ries
whe
re s
uch
rest
rictio
ns w
ere
not i
n pl
ace.
79R&
D –
Varie
tal
rese
arch
& s
eed
rele
ases
Augu
stU
nite
d St
ates
Gen
e-ed
iting
: A
US
biot
ech
com
pany
has
dev
elop
ed, u
sing
inno
vativ
e m
utag
enes
is-b
ased
gen
e ed
iting
(GE)
tech
niqu
es,
a hi
gh-o
leic
soy
bean
var
iety
alle
ged
to o
ffer
impr
oved
nut
ritio
nal a
nd fu
nctio
nal p
rope
rties
than
con
vent
iona
l soy
bean
s. In
ge
nera
l, co
mpa
red
with
trad
ition
al g
enet
ic m
odifi
catio
n m
etho
ds, t
he d
evel
opm
ent o
f GE
crop
s re
quire
s co
nsid
erab
ly le
ss ti
me
and
carri
es m
uch
low
er c
osts
. Fur
ther
mor
e, in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, g
ene-
editi
ng o
f cro
ps is
not
sub
ject
to c
umbe
rsom
e re
gula
tory
pr
oced
ures
(see
MPP
U A
ug.’1
8). T
he c
once
rned
com
pany
exp
ects
to s
tart
mar
ketin
g hi
gh-o
leic
soy
bean
oil
in la
te 2
018
or
early
201
9. B
eing
am
ong
the
first
GE
prod
ucts
to re
ach
the
U.S
. mar
ket,
the
laun
ch w
ill al
low
test
ing
cons
umer
acc
epta
nce
of
such
type
of f
ood.
52 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*80
R&D
– Va
rieta
l re
sear
ch &
see
d re
leas
es
Sept
embe
rKa
zakh
stan
Hyb
rid s
unflo
wer
seed
& s
oybe
an:
Hyb
rid s
unflo
wer
seed
and
soy
bean
var
ietie
s de
velo
ped
thro
ugh
conv
entio
nal b
reed
ing
met
hods
are
read
y fo
r cou
ntry
wid
e te
stin
g in
Kaz
akhs
tan,
loca
l med
ia re
porte
d. R
epor
tedl
y, br
eedi
ng a
ctiv
ities
focu
sed
on th
e fo
llow
ing
traits
: ear
ly m
atur
atio
n, h
igh
yiel
d po
tent
ial,
high
oil c
onte
nt a
nd h
erbi
cide
resi
stan
ce.
81R&
D –
Varie
tal
rese
arch
& s
eed
rele
ases
Oct
ober
Aust
ralia
Rap
esee
d: R
epor
tedl
y, a
new
gen
etic
ally
mod
ified
rape
seed
var
iety
that
allo
ws
late
r and
mor
e fre
quen
t her
bici
de a
pplic
atio
ns
is re
ady
to b
e la
unch
ed in
Aus
tralia
. Rep
orte
dly,
the
varie
ty’s
com
mer
cial
rele
ase
is k
ept p
endi
ng u
ntil
Chi
nese
aut
horit
ies
appr
ove
the
new
eve
nt fo
r im
port.
82R&
D –
Varie
tal
rese
arch
& s
eed
rele
ases
Oct
ober
Uni
ted
Stat
esLo
w-g
ossy
pol c
otto
nsee
d:
Usi
ng g
enet
ic m
odifi
catio
n te
chni
ques
, US
rese
arch
ers
have
dev
elop
ed a
cot
ton
varie
ty w
ith
low
gos
sypo
l pre
senc
e in
the
seed
. Gos
sypo
l is
a to
xic
com
poun
d th
at n
atur
ally
occ
urs
in c
onve
ntio
nal c
otto
nsee
d va
rietie
s.
The
new
var
iety
cou
ld h
elp
low
er c
otto
nsee
d re
finin
g co
sts
and
wou
ld a
llow
exp
andi
ng c
otto
nsee
d us
e in
the
lives
tock
and
aq
uacu
lture
feed
indu
strie
s as
wel
l as
in h
uman
food
app
licat
ions
. Las
t Oct
ober
, the
var
iety
has
bee
n de
regu
late
d by
the
U.S
. An
imal
and
Pla
nt H
ealth
Insp
ectio
n Se
rvic
e.
83R&
D –
Varie
tal
rese
arch
& s
eed
rele
ases
Nov
embe
rU
nite
d St
ates
Cam
elin
a: I
n th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, pla
nt s
cien
tists
are
con
duct
ing
rese
arch
on
gene
tical
ly m
odifi
ed c
amel
ina
sativ
a to
boo
st th
e pl
ant’s
oil o
utpu
t and
redu
ce th
e am
ount
of e
nerg
y re
finer
ies
requ
ire to
con
vert
the
oil in
to fu
el. (
See
also
MPP
U O
ct.1
7)
84R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
Mar
chG
loba
lN
on-G
MO
oils
eed
emul
sifie
r: G
loba
l agr
ibus
ines
s fir
m C
argi
ll st
arte
d se
lling
certi
fied
GM
O-fr
ee, d
e-oi
led
rape
seed
leci
thin
on
the
Euro
pean
mar
ket.
Use
d as
em
ulsi
fier i
n th
e ba
kery
and
food
sna
ck in
dust
ry, t
he p
rodu
ct is
sai
d to
offe
r com
para
ble
func
tiona
lity
to c
onve
ntio
nal G
MO
soy
-bas
ed le
cith
in.
85R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
Mar
chIre
land
Oliv
e w
aste
-bas
ed fe
ed:
An Ir
ish
firm
cla
ims
to h
ave
deve
lope
d a
proc
ess
for t
urni
ng o
live
was
te p
rodu
cts
into
ani
mal
feed
. Re
porte
dly,
oliv
e fe
ed c
an s
igni
fican
tly im
prov
e th
e fla
vour
, ten
dern
ess
and
nutri
tiona
l pro
file
of m
eat,
by in
crea
sing
the
leve
ls
of o
leic
aci
d, m
onou
nsat
urat
ed fa
t and
glu
tam
ic a
cid.
The
initi
al ta
rget
for t
he n
ew fe
ed is
Jap
anes
e W
agyu
bee
f. Th
e ne
w
feed
stuff
is c
once
ived
as
a fin
ishi
ng fe
ed, o
win
g to
its
high
cal
oric
con
tent
and
abi
lity
to s
uppo
rt w
eigh
t gai
n. W
aste
from
oliv
e oi
l ext
ract
ion
proc
esse
s is
nor
mal
ly a
n en
viro
nmen
tal p
ollu
tant
that
is s
ubje
ct to
stri
ct d
ispo
sal r
egul
atio
ns.
86R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
Mar
chRu
ssia
n Fe
dera
tion
Sunfl
ower
-bas
ed fo
od-g
rade
pro
tein
: A R
ussi
an fi
rm d
evel
oped
a p
roce
ss to
pro
duce
hig
h-va
lue
food
-gra
de p
rote
in fr
om
sunfl
ower
seed
pre
ss c
ake,
a b
y-pr
oduc
t of o
il pr
oduc
tion
that
is n
orm
ally
use
d as
feed
. Bas
ed o
n m
echa
nica
l sep
arat
ion
and
mem
bran
e fil
tratio
n pr
oces
ses,
the
tech
nolo
gy d
evel
oped
by
the
com
pany
rem
oves
fibr
e, p
olys
acch
arid
es a
nd fa
t to
obta
in
conc
entra
tes
with
up
to 9
5 pe
rcen
t pro
tein
con
tent
. The
latte
r can
be
used
in s
ports
nut
ritio
n pr
oduc
ts a
nd v
ario
us fu
nctio
nal
food
pro
duct
s.
87R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
April
Can
ada
Car
inat
a m
eal:
New
stra
ins
of b
rass
ica
carin
ata,
an
oilc
rop
that
stri
ves
in a
rid c
limat
es a
nd o
n m
argi
nal f
arm
land
not
sui
ted
for
othe
r agr
icul
tura
l cro
ps, m
ay o
ffer a
hig
h-pr
otei
n al
tern
ativ
e fe
ed in
gred
ient
to ra
pese
ed m
eal,
acco
rdin
g to
a g
roup
of s
cien
tists
in
Can
ada
(see
also
MPP
U J
une’
17).
Anal
yses
of t
he n
ew s
train
s’ c
hem
ical
pro
file,
ant
i-nut
rient
com
poun
ds, e
nerg
y va
lues
and
pr
otei
n fra
ctio
ns s
eem
to s
ugge
st th
at c
arin
ata
mea
l can
impr
ove
crud
e pr
otei
n le
vels
and
oth
er m
ilk v
alue
s in
cow
s (c
ompa
red
to ra
pese
ed m
eal).
To
date
, mos
t res
earc
h eff
orts
on
indu
stria
l app
licat
ions
for c
arin
ata
have
focu
sed
on u
ses
of it
s no
n-ed
ible
oi
l as
feed
stoc
k fo
r bio
fuel
s, e
spec
ially
avi
atio
n fu
el (s
ee M
PPU
Dec
.’17)
.
88R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
April
Uni
ted
Stat
esH
igh-
olei
c so
ybea
n/so
yoil:
Fo
llow
ing
the
EU’s
regu
lato
ry a
ppro
val
of D
uPon
t’s h
igh-
olei
c so
ybea
n va
riety
‘Pl
enis
h’ i
n De
cem
ber 2
017
and
Chi
na’s
impo
rt au
thor
izatio
n fo
r Mon
sant
o’s ‘
Vist
iveG
old’
hig
h-ol
eic
soyb
eans
in m
id-2
017,
the
US
indu
stry
ex
pect
s w
orld
wid
e pr
oduc
tion,
trad
e an
d co
nsum
ptio
n of
hig
h-ol
eic
soyb
ean
oil t
o ta
ke o
ff in
the
com
ing
year
s. In
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, w
here
hig
h-ol
eic
soyb
ean
varie
ties
have
bee
n pl
ante
d on
250
000
hec
tare
s 20
17, s
owin
gs a
re p
roje
cted
to c
limb
to
6.5
milli
on h
ecta
res
by 2
027.
Hig
h-ol
eic
soyb
ean
oil –
whi
ch is
dee
med
to b
e m
ore
stab
le a
nd o
ffer i
mpr
oved
func
tiona
lity
and
nutri
tiona
l pro
perti
es th
an c
onve
ntio
nal s
oyoi
l, w
ithou
t req
uirin
g pa
rtial
hyd
roge
natio
n –
is e
xpec
ted
to b
e in
hig
h de
man
d, g
iven
th
at th
e U
.S. F
ood
and
Drug
Adm
inis
tratio
n m
anda
ted
the
com
plet
e re
mov
al o
f par
tially
hyd
roge
nate
d oi
ls fr
om th
e co
untry
’s fo
od s
uppl
y ch
ain
by J
une
2018
(see
also
MPP
U J
une’
13 &
Apr
./Jul
y 20
15).
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 53
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*89
R&D
– Pr
oduc
t de
velo
pmen
tM
ayG
loba
lPr
otei
n-ric
h ra
pese
ed:
Seed
com
pany
Dow
DuPo
nt in
tend
s to
laun
ch a
hig
h pr
otei
n-co
nten
t ra
pese
ed v
arie
ty n
ext
year
, ta
rget
ing
pig,
pou
ltry
as w
ell a
s aq
uacu
lture
farm
s in
Can
ada,
Chi
na a
nd th
e U
nite
d St
ates
. Whi
le c
onve
ntio
nal r
apes
eed
mea
l is
sol
d at
a 3
0–35
per
cent
dis
coun
t to
soyb
ean
mea
l, fo
r the
pro
tein
-ric
h va
riety
, the
dis
coun
t wou
ld b
e lo
wer
ed to
10
perc
ent,
the
seed
com
pany
cla
ims.
(See
also
MPP
U M
ar.’1
6 &
July’
18)
90R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
June
Glo
bal
Vege
tabl
e oi
l-bas
ed p
last
ic:
Hou
seho
ld g
oods
com
pany
IKEA
and
bio
fuel
pro
duce
r Nes
te in
form
ed th
at th
ey jo
ined
forc
es to
de
velo
p bi
o-ba
sed
plas
tic p
rodu
cts
from
sus
tain
ably
pro
duce
d ve
geta
ble
oils
and
use
d co
okin
g oi
l. Th
e jo
int,
com
mer
cial
sca
le
oper
atio
n is
sch
edul
ed fo
r lau
nch
in th
e fa
ll of
201
8. S
ome
year
s ag
o, M
alay
sia
and
Indo
nesi
a al
so re
porte
d ab
out r
esea
rch
initi
ativ
es to
pro
duce
pla
stic
s fro
m p
alm
oil (
see
MPP
U A
pr./M
ay’1
5).
91R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
June
Italy
Oliv
e oi
l pro
vena
nce:
Ita
lian
rese
arch
ers
pres
ente
d a
scie
ntifi
c m
etho
d th
at a
llow
s ce
rtify
ing
the
auth
entic
ity a
nd g
eogr
aphi
c pr
oven
ance
of o
live
oil –
a c
omm
odity
pro
ne to
frau
dule
nt la
bellin
g an
d ad
ulte
ratio
n. U
nder
the
tech
niqu
e, w
hich
has
bee
n co
mpa
red
to ta
king
an
oil’s
fing
erpr
int,
deta
iled
gene
tic in
form
atio
n as
wel
l as
exte
rnal
par
amet
ers
such
as
soil
and
clim
ate
data
of t
he a
rea
whe
re th
e oi
l orig
inat
es a
re re
cord
ed u
sing
nuc
lear
mag
netic
reso
nanc
e (N
MR)
. Sim
ilar t
echn
ique
s ha
ve b
een
deve
lope
d fo
r the
aut
hent
icat
ion
of g
roun
dnut
oil a
s w
ell a
s to
ver
ify th
e pu
rity
of b
iodi
esel
(see
MPP
U J
une’
17).
92R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
July
Glo
bal
Oil p
alm
was
te re
cycl
ing:
Res
earc
hers
from
Not
tingh
am U
nive
rsity
’s M
alay
sia b
ranc
h pr
esen
ted
two
new
pro
cess
es to
pro
duce
bu
ildin
g m
ater
ials
and
bio
ener
gy fr
om o
il pa
lm p
roce
ssin
g w
aste
. The
firs
t m
etho
d co
nsis
ts o
f a z
ero-
was
te m
anag
emen
t sy
stem
for p
alm
oil
mills
that
con
verts
all
solid
bio
mas
s w
aste
and
pal
m o
il m
ill effl
uent
(or P
OM
E) in
to b
uild
ing
mat
eria
l and
bi
oene
rgy,
whe
reas
the
seco
nd o
ne fo
cuse
s on
the
recy
clin
g of
PO
ME,
whi
ch c
an b
e hi
ghly
pol
lutin
g w
hen
disc
harg
ed in
to th
e en
viro
nmen
t.
93R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
Augu
stU
nite
d St
ates
Food
-gra
de s
unflo
wer
mea
l: A
US
food
ingr
edie
nts
com
pany
has
dev
elop
ed fo
od-g
rade
sun
flow
erse
ed m
eal,
by u
pgra
ding
th
e pr
oduc
t tha
t is
left
afte
r oil i
s ex
tract
ed fr
om s
eeds
. Tra
ditio
nally
use
d ex
clus
ivel
y as
ani
mal
feed
, sun
flow
erse
ed m
eal –
in it
s re
-pur
pose
d fo
rm –
can
pro
vide
con
sum
ers
with
a c
heap
, sus
tain
able
sou
rce
of p
lant
-bas
ed p
rote
in, a
ccor
ding
to th
e co
mpa
ny
94R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
Augu
stU
nite
d St
ates
Om
ega3
-ric
h ra
pese
ed:
In th
e U
nite
d St
ates
, om
ega3
-ric
h oi
l der
ived
from
a re
cent
ly d
evel
oped
GM
rape
seed
var
iety
(see
M
PPU
Jan
.’& M
ar.’1
8) h
as b
een
dere
gula
ted
by th
e co
untry
’s An
imal
and
Pla
nt H
ealth
Insp
ectio
n Se
rvic
e, w
hich
det
erm
ined
th
at th
e pr
oduc
t is
unlik
ely
to p
ose
plan
t pes
t ris
ks. A
ppro
val b
y th
e co
untry
’s Fo
od a
nd D
rug
Adm
inis
tratio
n is
ant
icip
ated
to
follo
w p
rior t
o th
e st
art o
f the
201
9 gr
owin
g se
ason
. The
oil,
whi
ch c
an h
elp
redu
ce th
e aq
uacu
lture
indu
stry
’s re
lianc
e on
fish
oi
l-bas
ed fe
ed, a
lread
y ga
ined
regu
lato
ry a
ppro
ved
in A
ustra
lia, w
hile
offi
cial
revi
ews
are
still
unde
rway
in C
anad
a an
d C
hina
.
95R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
Oct
ober
Glo
bal
Was
te o
il re
cycl
ing:
Rep
orte
dly,
in G
erm
any,
a gr
oup
of re
sear
cher
s ha
s de
velo
ped
a ca
taly
tic p
roce
ss th
at a
llow
s co
nver
ting
was
te o
ils in
to c
hem
ical
bui
ldin
g bl
ocks
for d
rugs
and
pla
stic
s. O
n th
e sa
me
subj
ect,
scie
ntis
ts in
Aus
tralia
and
the
UK
have
de
velo
ped
a co
ntro
lled-
rele
ase
ferti
lizer
usi
ng r
ecyc
led
rape
seed
oil.
Furth
erm
ore,
US
rese
arch
ers
have
dev
elop
ed n
ew
indu
stria
l use
s fo
r soy
bean
oil i
n th
e fo
rm o
f wax
. Rep
orte
dly,
fully
recy
clab
le a
nd b
iode
grad
able
soy
oil-b
ased
wax
can
repl
ace
petro
leum
-bas
ed p
araffi
n w
ax.
96R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
Nov
embe
rU
nite
d St
ates
Bake
ry s
hort
enin
gs:
Afte
r the
intro
duct
ion
of a
tran
s fa
t ban
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
(see
MPP
U A
ug.’1
8), t
he c
ount
ry’s
food
in
dust
ry h
as c
ome
unde
r pr
essu
re t
o re
plac
e pa
rtial
ly h
ydro
gena
ted
vege
tabl
e oi
ls u
sed
in t
he p
rodu
ctio
n of
sho
rteni
ngs.
Re
porte
dly,
the
indu
stry
is fo
cusi
ng it
s at
tent
ion
on h
igh-
olei
c oi
ls a
nd s
peci
al m
odifi
catio
n te
chni
ques
suc
h as
enz
ymat
ic
inte
rest
erifi
catio
n an
d op
timal
cry
stal
lizat
ion
cond
ition
s.
97R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
Dece
mbe
rC
anad
aR
apes
eed
mea
l-bas
ed b
iopl
astic
s:
Repo
rtedl
y, C
anad
ian
rese
arch
ers
deve
lope
d in
nova
tive
tech
nolo
gies
to
prod
uce
biod
egra
dabl
e pl
astic
s fro
m p
rote
in e
xtra
cted
from
rape
seed
mea
l. Su
ppor
t fro
m in
vest
ors
is c
urre
ntly
bei
ng s
ough
t for
the
tech
nolo
gy’s
com
mer
cial
-sca
le a
pplic
atio
n. (S
ee a
lso M
PPU
Apr
./May
’15
& Au
g./D
ec.’1
8)
98R&
D –
Prod
uct
deve
lopm
ent
Dece
mbe
rG
erm
any
Plan
t oi
l-bas
ed p
olye
ster
: In
Ger
man
y, re
sear
cher
s de
velo
ped
a te
chno
logy
to o
btai
n po
lyes
ter
from
fats
and
oils
, mor
e sp
ecifi
cally
cas
tor o
il, by
func
tiona
lizin
g po
lym
eriza
tion.
54 Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018
No.
Dom
ain
Mon
thC
ount
ryD
escr
iptio
n*99
R&D
– Pr
oduc
t de
velo
pmen
tDe
cem
ber
Uni
ted
Stat
esSo
yoil-
base
d se
alan
t: U
S re
sear
cher
s ha
ve d
evel
oped
a s
oybe
an o
il-ba
sed
hydr
opho
bic
seal
ant t
hat c
an b
e us
ed to
pro
tect
ne
w a
nd e
xist
ing
conc
rete
to im
prov
e ro
ads.
Rep
orte
dly,
a va
riety
of o
ther
app
licat
ions
is c
urre
ntly
bei
ng te
sted
.
100
BIO
FUEL
/BI
OEN
ERG
YFe
brua
ryG
loba
lLo
w-q
ualit
y bi
odie
sel f
eeds
tock
: Rec
ent s
tudi
es c
onfir
m th
at te
chno
logi
es fo
r pro
duci
ng b
iodi
esel
from
low
-qua
lity f
eeds
tock
–
such
as
low
-pric
ed w
aste
oils
– a
re n
ow a
vaila
ble
and
in u
se, o
fferin
g al
tern
ativ
e pa
ths
for b
iodi
esel
pro
duct
ion.
Rep
orte
dly,
the
mos
t adv
ance
d an
d co
st-e
ffect
ive
met
hods
to p
roce
ss lo
w-q
ualit
y fe
edst
ock
empl
oy liq
uid-
form
ulat
ed e
nzym
es/li
pase
s.
101
BIO
FUEL
/BI
OEN
ERG
YFe
brua
ryU
rugu
ayC
ertifi
ed s
usta
inab
le b
iodi
esel
: A
Fini
sh c
ompa
ny h
as g
aine
d Ro
undt
able
on
Sust
aina
ble
Biom
ater
ials
(RSB
) cer
tifica
tion
for
its p
rodu
ctio
n of
bio
dies
el fr
om b
rass
ica
carin
ata
oil i
n U
rugu
ay. R
SB is
a E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
-app
rove
d vo
lunt
ary
sche
me
that
can
be
used
to
show
com
plia
nce
with
the
sus
tain
abilit
y cr
iteria
of
the
EU’s
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y Di
rect
ive
(see
MPP
U
Aug.
’11)
.
102
BIO
FUEL
/BI
OEN
ERG
YAp
rilFi
nlan
dC
ertifi
ed s
usta
inab
le b
iodi
esel
: A
Fini
sh c
ompa
ny h
as g
aine
d ce
rtific
atio
n by
the
Roun
dtab
le o
n Su
stai
nabl
e Bi
omat
eria
ls
(RSB
) for
bot
h su
stai
nabi
lity
and
low
indi
rect
-land
-use
-cha
nge
risk
(ILU
C) r
egar
ding
its
biof
uel p
rodu
ctio
n fro
m c
rude
tall
oil.
RSB’
s do
uble
cer
tifica
tion
alle
gedl
y m
inim
izes
the
risk
of b
iofu
els
caus
ing
indi
rect
impa
cts
such
as
defo
rest
atio
n or
incr
ease
d fo
od p
rices
in th
ird c
ount
ries.
103
BIO
FUEL
/BI
OEN
ERG
YM
ayAr
gent
ina
Biof
uel f
eeds
tock
– g
roun
dnut
was
te:
In A
rgen
tina,
a la
rge
pean
ut p
rodu
cer b
egan
com
mer
cial
ope
ratio
n of
a g
roun
dnut
sh
ell-p
ower
ed b
ioen
ergy
pla
nt, a
ccor
ding
to m
edia
repo
rts. T
he fa
cilit
y is
exp
ecte
d to
con
sum
e 50
000
tonn
es o
f gro
undn
ut
was
te p
er y
ear a
nd th
e po
wer
pro
duce
d w
ill be
fed
into
the
natio
nal g
rid. T
he p
roje
ct is
par
t of t
he A
rgen
tine
Gov
ernm
ent’s
re
new
able
ene
rgy
prog
ram
me
Reno
vAr.
104
BIO
FUEL
/BI
OEN
ERG
YJu
lyIn
dia
Biof
uel f
eeds
tock
– u
sed
cook
ing
oil:
In In
dia,
glo
bal f
oods
ervi
ce re
tail c
ompa
ny M
cDon
ald’
s st
arte
d re
cycl
ing
into
bio
dies
el
its u
sed
cook
ing
oil f
or p
ower
ing
the
com
pany
’s re
frige
rate
d su
pply
del
iver
y tru
cks,
loca
l med
ia re
porte
d.
105
BIO
FUEL
/BI
OEN
ERG
YDe
cem
ber
Ethi
opia
Jatr
opha
-bas
ed b
iodi
esel
: Acc
ordi
ng to
med
ia re
ports
, a fi
rst o
f 10
plan
ned
Ethi
opia
n bi
odie
sel p
lant
s is
read
y fo
r com
mer
cial
op
erat
ion
in th
e co
untry
’s O
rom
ia re
gion
. Com
mis
sion
ed b
y pub
lic-p
rivat
e pa
rtner
ship
Afri
can
Pow
er In
itiat
ive
(API
) afte
r run
ning
a
pilo
t refi
nery
pla
nt, t
he fa
cilit
y w
ill so
urce
feed
stoc
k fro
m fa
rmer
s w
ho a
re re
fore
stin
g 1.
4 m
illion
hec
tare
s of
land
with
jatro
pha
curc
as, a
dro
ught
-resi
stan
t shr
ub th
at p
rodu
ces
ined
ible
oil.
106
BIO
FUEL
/BI
OEN
ERG
YDe
cem
ber
Indi
aBi
ofue
l fee
dsto
ck –
use
d co
okin
g oi
l: In
the
stat
e of
Har
yana
, con
stru
ctio
n of
a b
iodi
esel
pla
nt u
sing
prim
arily
use
d co
okin
g oi
l (U
CO
) as
feed
stoc
k is
nea
ring
com
plet
ion,
loca
l med
ia re
porte
d. T
he c
ompa
ny ru
nnin
g th
e fa
cilit
y ha
s be
en a
utho
rized
to
colle
ct U
CO
in D
elhi
(Nat
iona
l Cap
ital R
egio
n), H
arya
na a
nd P
unja
b. T
he p
lant
has
a n
amep
late
cap
acity
of 1
00 to
nnes
per
da
y. Be
side
s he
lpin
g to
redu
ce d
epen
denc
e on
impo
rted
crud
e m
iner
al o
il, th
e re
cycl
ing
of U
CO
s is
exp
ecte
d to
hel
p re
duce
th
eir i
llega
l dis
char
ge a
nd p
reve
nt re
-ent
ry in
to th
e fo
od c
hain
. Ove
r the
pas
t few
yea
rs, I
ndia
’s bi
odie
sel m
arke
t has
bee
n pa
rtly
dere
gula
ted,
resc
indi
ng p
rice
ceilin
gs a
nd a
llow
ing
prod
ucer
s to
sel
l the
ir fu
el d
irect
ly to
con
sum
ers
(see
MPP
U J
uly’
15
& O
ct.’1
8).
* N
ote
that
for r
elat
ed h
isto
ric in
form
atio
n th
e re
ader
is d
irect
ed –
bet
wee
n br
acke
ts, i
n ita
lic p
rint –
to p
ast i
ssue
s of
the
Oilc
rops
Mon
thly
Pric
e an
d Po
licy
Upd
ate
(MPP
U),
whi
ch c
an b
e re
triev
ed
on-li
ne a
t http
://w
ww.
fao.
org/
econ
omic
/est
/pub
licat
ions
/oilc
rops
-pub
licat
ions
/mon
thly
-pric
e-an
d-po
licy-
upda
te/e
n/.
Oilcrops complex: Policy changes and industry measures - Annual compendium 2018 56
The present document can be downloaded from the FAO website at URL http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-commodities/oilcrops/oilcrop-policies/en/. The source publication, FAO’s Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU), can be found on webpage http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publications/oilcrops-publications/monthly-price-and-policy-update/en/, which also explains how to subscribe to a dedicated mailing list. Furthermore, an electronic, searchable policy archive can be accessed at http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publications/oilcrops-publications/oilcrops-policy-search-tool/en/.
Le présent document peut être téléchargé sur le site web de la FAO à l’adresse URL suivante: http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-commodities/oleagineux/politiques-oleagineuses/fr/. La publication de référence, le bulletin FAO Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU), peut être téléchargée sur la page web http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publications/publications-sur-oleagineux/bulletin-mensuel-sur-les-prix-et-politiques/fr/, qui explique également comment s’abonner à une liste de diffusion dédiée. De plus, la page http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publications/publications-sur-oleagineux/recherche-interactive-depuis-2009/fr/ donne accés à une archive électronique disposant d'un mécanisme de recherche.
El presente documento se puede bajar del sitio web de la FAO en la URL http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-commodities/oleaginosas/politicas-oleaginosas/es/. La publicación de origen, el boletín FAO Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update (MPPU), se puede consultar en la página web http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publicaciones/publicaciones-sobre-oleaginosas/oilcrops-monthly-price-and-policy-update/es/, que también facilita instrucciones sobre cómo suscribirse a una lista de correo especializada. Además, la página http://www.fao.org/economic/est/publicaciones/publicaciones-sobre-oleaginosas/busqueda-interactiva-desde-2009/es/ ofrece acceso a un archivo electrónico con un mecanismo de busqueda.
CONTACT CONTACT CONTACTO [email protected]
CA4463EN/1/05.19
ISBN 978-92-5-131437-1
9 7 8 9 2 5 1 3 1 4 3 7 1
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