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Page 1: Les évolutions humanitaires

Tendances(discours)

Les évolutions humanitairesConférence Nationale Humanitaire Paris, Novembre, 2011

Observations(discours)

France(chiffres)

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Overall, humanitarian aid is rising ...

International humanitarian response, 2006-2010e

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... and more donors are participating

Saudi ArabiaBrazil

Two largest donors to Haiti Emergency Response Fund (ERF), 2010

8 out of 10Largest government donors to the Haiti

ERF were not members of the OECD DAC

Some financing aspects of humanitarian reform are bearing fruit ...

129Governments outside the OECD DACD

contributing to the international response in 2010

89 in 2009

93 in 2008

71 in 2007

100 in 2005

...allowing non-OECD DAC governments (as well as private donors) increased visibility and

opportunities to participate

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At the same time, demand is also rising ...

Funding requirements for UN consolidated appeals process (CAP) appeals, 2000-2010

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... and so are costs

Supply(Humanitarian expenditure)

Escalating costsBudgetary constraints

Demand(Humanitarian need)

Escalating vulnerabilityIncreased demand

Food and energy price index, 1990-2010

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We do not know if/how levels of giving will be sustained

Humanitarian aid from non-OECD DAC members can be volatile and made in response to headline disasters and/or where there is a humanitarian financing mechanism in place

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... which types of emergencies will be funded ...

UN CAP appeals: requirements by type of emergency, 2000-2010

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... or how donors will prioritise (declining?) aid budgets ...

Changes in bilateral humanitarian aid, 2007-2010 (does not include multilateral ODA contributions to UNHCR, UNRWA, WFP)

 US$m changes in bilateral humanitarian expenditure

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010Australia 86.5 -12.2 -70.4 134.7 23.4 -42.5 Austria 23.2 -11.7 -4.1 27.7 -6.8 -12.9 Belgium 7.1 21.7 -4.3 27.1 -6.2 52.1 Canada 39.1 51.2 22.8 66.9 -8.6 129.2 Denmark 176.7 -10.7 -29.9 16.0 -33.7 -50.6 Finland 48.5 -6.5 27.6 -23.0 16.3 -4.4 France 10.1 22.3 -19.2 -14.4 16.3 16.5 Germany 145.4 42.2 -123.2 6.2 72.8 -32.9 Greece 8.0 1.8 -9.5 3.3 -1.6 -9.6 Ireland 30.0 21.4 90.6 -18.1 -67.5 -4.6 Italy -11.9 6.6 0.3 28.3 -3.2 -68.0 Japan -125.4 -378.1 -104.3 163.9 -20.1 275.2 Korea 10.6 -3.5 -6.6 8.2 -4.6 -2.6 Luxembourg -9.1 23.4 -12.2 0.3 5.8 9.6 Netherlands 216.9 -26.5 -106.1 36.3 -83.8 -72.7 New Zealand 34.8 -30.1 3.2 -1.8 -8.6 3.1 Norway 209.2 -102.0 38.5 -35.3 -43.5 67.7 Portugal -6.7 -7.1 -7.5 0.4 -0.0 -0.6 Spain 42.5 20.3 73.9 182.3 25.7 -64.5 Sweden 62.0 26.7 -21.2 38.4 36.5 -10.6 Switzerland 49.2 -21.6 -17.0 -28.8 -9.3 2.2 United Kingdom 94.6 163.4 -338.3 160.4 145.5 -8.8 United States 906.0 -510.4 -120.5 1,333.8 -45.0 430.5 EU Institutions 225.8 193.5 -27.7 295.9 -345.8 83.6 Total 2,273.0 -525.7 -765.0 2,408.6 -346.1 684.5

1  Humanitarian aid and development aid both go up

2  Humanitarian aid and development aid both go down

3. Humanitarian aid rises but other aid falls

4. Humanitarian aid goes down but other aid rises

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Donors will be looking at ‘best bang per buck’

What should the donor fund in each crisis?

How?Where would the donor’s

investment add the greatest value?

Which countries are at the greatest risk of humanitarian crisis?

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Who will be most affected by their choices?

Concentration of funding in top 3 and top 20 recipients, 2000-2009

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Tendances(discours)

Observations(discours)

France(chiffres)

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It goes beyond immediate life-saving ...

Addressing long-term systemic issues

Increasing resilience and reducing poverty

Life-saving

Reducing risk

Protecting development gains Food, shelter, water, basic

health, reconstruction, disaster preparedness

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... and responds to different types of emergency ...

Conflict/post-conflict65% of humanitarian aid, 2009

Natural disastersLife-savingfood, shelter, water, basic health, sanitation

ReconstructionDisaster

preparedness

Complex emergencies70% to long-term affected, 2009

Basic services food, shelter, water, basic health, sanitation

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... in very different contexts

Africa 46%

Asia 24%

Conflict, post-conflict and security.Humanitarian aid to Palestine doubled 2008-2009. Other top recipients: Iraq, Lebanon. Consequences of Arab Spring?

Americas 5%

Conflict, post-conflict, drought, IDPs, food/livelihood insecurity Top recipients: Sudan, Ethiopia, DRC

Prone to natural disasters and food/livelihood insecurity. High concentrations of people living in poverty. Top recipients: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Indonesia

Middle East 20%

Prone to natural disasters

International humanitarian response, 2000-2009. Remaining 5%: Europe and Oceania

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Vulnerable to risk, food/livelihood insecure

But the people affected share very similar profiles

Africa 46%

Asia 24%

Conflict, post-conflict and security.Humanitarian aid to Palestine doubled 2008-2009. Other top recipients: Iraq, Lebanon. Consequences of Arab Spring?

Americas 5%

Conflict, post-conflict, drought, IDPs, food/livelihood insecurity Top recipients: Sudan, Ethiopia, DRC

Prone to natural disasters and food/livelihood insecurity. High concentrations of people living in poverty. Top recipients: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Indonesia

Middle East 20%

Prone to natural disasters

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We have different means and policies at our disposal ...

Poverty

FoodShelter

Aid Illicit flows

Climate change

Tax revenues

Military

Data

Analysis

Engagement

Local resources

Emergency response

Information

Remittances

Immigration

Economic growth

Trade

Basic healthWater/sanitation

Security Economic injustice

Social injusticeInformation

Basic education

Intellectual property regs

1. Consider the relationship between crises and poverty

2. Consider the capacity of people – and their governments – to respond

3. Consider current response to crises4. Consider the many types of resources

and policies that could be used to both respond to and mitigate risk

5. Consider why it’s important to be clear and transparent about funding flows (How much? What are they for? Where have they come from? Where are they going? With what impact?)

6. Consider the impact of better information to inform better decisions and assess impact; to engage; and to act as a catalyst for change

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Evidence & accountability

TransparencyFunds – Plans – Decisions - Strategy

Complementarity -CoordinationDifferentiation– Division of labour

Engagement & partnershipsFunds – Experience

Comparative advantageFunds – Partners - Strategies

Information

Communication

Technology

... and potential to use info, comms and technology ...

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... to help make progress on tackling vulnerability to risk

• Investment in disaster risk reduction (DRR)• Stronger links between humanitarian and

development assistance• Coherence with domestic government

actions

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Underpinned by better data and transparency!

Timeliness:

Data on aid financing and poverty, risk and crisis is largely outdated by the time of publication.

Accuracy:

Much of the data relating to poverty, risk and crisis is expressed at national level and obscures pockets of elevated exclusion and risk. There are often data omissions in some of the most severely affected countries.

Severity and scale:

It is still difficult to gauge the number of people affected by humanitarian crises. This is a significant barrier to assessing scale and proportionate response.

Comparability and comprehensiveness:

Not all contributions to humanitarian aid (some of them difficult to quantify) are routinely captured. Most notable omissions: domestic and military response.

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Tendances(discours)

Observations(discours)

France(chiffres)

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20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

2010prelim

050

100150200250300350400450500

236.7

303.1294.1279.7

360.3

423.8464.2

390.7438.8

405.8373.8

Total official humanitarian aid from France

Spent from multilateral ODA to EU (imputed)Multilateral ODA to UN-HCR, UNRWA, WFP (OECD DAC)Bilateral official humanitar-ian aid (OECD DAC)

US$ million (constant 2

009)

France 5yr 10yr 5yr rank 10yr rank2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010prelim 2005-2009 2000-2009 2005-2009 2000-2009

Bilateral official humanitarian aid (OECD DAC) 21.4 15.6 18.1 43.2 23.7 33.9 56.2 37.0 22.7 39.0 55.4 188.7 310.7 20th 20thMultilateral ODA to UNHCR, UNRWA, WFP (OECD DAC) 20.3 24.9 23.4 19.1 27.6 15.9 34.8 36.4 34.2 29.9 151.4 266.6 11th 13thSpent from multilateral ODA to EU (imputed) 195.1 262.6 252.6 217.4 308.9 374.0 373.1 317.3 381.9 336.9 318.4 1783.1 3019.8 2nd 2ndGHA (total official) 236.7 303.1 294.1 279.7 360.3 423.8 464.2 390.7 438.8 405.8 373.8 2123.2 3597.2 8th 9th

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

2

4

6

8

10

12

14Top 5 government donors of humanitarian aid

Netherlands (5)

Germany (4)

United Kingdom (3)

EU institutions (2)

United States (1)

Total from OECD DAC governments

Total from all governments

France (9)

US$

billi

on (c

onst

ant 2

009

pric

es)

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Bilateral from France2008

Total from france2008

Bilateral from France2009

Total from France2009

Myanmar 3.2Palestinian Adm. Areas 66.4Palestinian Adm. Areas 5.6Palestinian Adm. Areas 70.9China 1.7Sudan 46.8Pakistan 2.8Sudan 36.9Chad 1.6Afghanistan 44.4Afghanistan 2.1Lebanon 16.9Djibouti 1.5Somalia 22.7Chad 1.9Indonesia 16.5Afghanistan 1.4Lebanon 19.1Mexico 1.8Afghanistan 16.2Georgia 1.2Sri Lanka 16.7Djibouti 1.6Pakistan 15.5Haiti 1.0Haiti 15.1Guinea 1.5Georgia 15.3Sudan 1.0Congo, Dem. Rep. 14.8Sri Lanka 1.5Somalia 15.1Niger 0.8Jordan 14.5Indonesia 1.3Congo, Dem. Rep. 14.7Palestinian Adm. Areas

0.8Cote d'Ivoire

14.3Sudan

1.0Jordan

12.3Cote d'Ivoire 0.7Ethiopia 12.8Yemen 0.8Chad 12.2Central African Rep. 0.6Uganda 11.0Niger 0.8Kenya 10.6Madagascar 0.6Chad 10.4Syria 0.7Ethiopia 8.5Kenya 0.5Kenya 10.0Iraq 0.6Uganda 7.8Iraq 0.5Myanmar 9.9Senegal 0.5Zimbabwe 7.8Lebanon 0.4Bangladesh 9.6Burkina Faso 0.5Syria 7.7Serbia 0.4Georgia 8.8Zimbabwe 0.5Haiti 7.7Burkina Faso 0.3Syria 8.4Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.5Myanmar 7.6Zimbabwe 0.3Liberia 5.5Central African Rep. 0.4Bangladesh 7.4Timor-Leste 0.3Pakistan 5.2Comoros 0.4Sri Lanka 6.5

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Sudan

Palesti

ne/OPT

Ethiopia

Afghan

istan Ira

q

Congo, D

em. R

ep.

Somali

a

Indonesia

Pakist

an

Leban

on0%2%4%6%8%

10%12%14%16%18%

Total official humanitarian aid

OECD DAC governments plus EU Institutions France

Sudan

Ethiopia

Afghan

istan Ira

q

Congo, D

em. R

ep.

Palesti

nian Adm. A

reas

Indonesia

Somali

a

Pakist

an

Sri La

nka0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Bilateral official humanitarian aid

OECD DAC governments plus EU Institutions France

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Sudan

Ethiopia

Afghan

istan Ira

q

Congo, D

em. R

ep.

Palesti

nian Adm. A

reas

Indonesia

Somali

a

Pakist

an

Sri La

nka0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Bilateral official humanitarian aid

OECD DAC governments plus EU Institutions France

Sudan

Ethiopia

Afghan

istan Ira

q

Congo, D

em. R

ep.

Palesti

nian Adm. A

reas

Indonesia

Somali

a

Pakist

an

Sri La

nka0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

Bilateral official humanitarian aid

OECD DAC governments plus EU Institutions UK

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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

France

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

European Institutions

0%10%

20%30%

40%50%

60%70%

80%90%

100%

United Kingdom Disaster prevention and preparedness

Emergency food aid

Emergency/distress relief

Reconstruction relief

Relief co-ordination; protec-tion and support services

0%10%

20%30%

40%50%

60%70%

80%90%

100%

United States Disaster prevention and preparedness

Emergency food aid

Emergency/distress relief

Reconstruction relief

Relief co-ordination; protec-tion and support services

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France

Spain

UK

EU

0%10%

20%30%

40%50%

60%70%

80%90%

100%

Total official humanitarian aid

EUMultilateral organisations NGOs and CSOsOther Public sectorPublic-Private Partnerships (PPP)Red Cross Movement

Un plaidoyer...

Better coding et reporting SVP!

2006200720082009

5% 15% 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% 85% 95%2006 2007 2008 2009

Public sec-tor

36.21370602 83.59976755 17.80988704 24.52477761

NGOs & Civil Soci-ety

NaN 0.362817730000001

1.07827384 3.01501566

Multilat-eral Or-ganisa-tions

1.78807256 NaN NaN 2.2164044

Other/not coded

0 15.10830522 3.76419899 10.99037859

Bilateral official humanitarian aid

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  ERF CHF  2009 2010 2009 2010UN 29.8% 45.7% 63.6% 58.3%International NGOs 53.4% 42.7% 34.0% 36.7%Local NGOs 16.1% 7.6% 1.8% 3.8%Other 0.7% 4.0% 0.6% 1.2%

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France 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010CERF 0.3% 0.3% 0.5% 0.0% 0.2%ERF 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8%Total official humanitarian aid 464.2 390.7 438.8 405.8 373.8

Spain 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010CERF 2.7% 5.3% 7.4% 7.0% 7.9%CHF 0.0% 3.8% 1.3% 2.4% 5.9%ERF 0.0% 1.0% 0.4% 0.2% 1.0%Total official humanitarian aid 372.4 393.9 613.8 632.2 500.9

Norway 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010CERF 7.8% 12.9% 14.1% 11.4% 19.3%CHF 4.4% 4.8% 5.9% 5.1% 7.1%ERF 0.4% 2.2% 2.5% 2.4% 2.6%Total official humanitarian aid 386.9 425.2 393.1 374.7 339.0

Sweden 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010CERF 8.2% 10.7% 10.4% 8.6% 16.4%CHF 6.0% 7.2% 8.1% 6.6% 9.0%ERF 0.2% 1.9% 2.6% 3.6% 2.5%Total official humanitarian aid 502.1 479.3 539.0 573.1 393.4

UK 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010CERF 6.6% 11.1% 9.0% 6.3% 6.3%CHF 13.5% 18.3% 15.4% 10.2% 11.2%ERF 1.2% 1.4% 4.1% 1.4% 1.8%Total official humanitarian aid 1053.5 752.6 895.4 1023.6 950.8

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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total

Number of appeals in year 14 18 24 27 31 25 24 30 23 23 19 258

Number of consolidated appeals in year 14 18 24 25 22 15 17 15 13 15 15 193

Number of flash appeals in year 0 0 0 2 9 10 7 15 10 8 4 65

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total

France's funding for UN CAP appeals 11.2 10.7 15.0 14.2 29.6 46.1 26.6 31.8 32.0 34.1 48.0 299.3

% France's total official humanitarian aid 4.7% 3.5% 5.1% 5.1% 8.2% 10.9% 5.7% 8.1% 7.3% 8.4% 12.8% 7.5%

% total CAP funding 1.0% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 1.3% 1.1% 0.8% 0.4% 0.6% 0.5% 0.7%Number of appeals supported by France

5 6 6 9 11 16 15 20 12 15 15 130

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total

UK's funding for UN CAP appeals 21.9 20.9 142.0 196.0 212.2 237.5 274.3 262.4 370.3 305.8 322.3 2365.7

% UK's total official humanitarian aid 3.2% 3.7% 19.8% 23.0% 27.5% 27.7% 26.0% 34.9% 41.4% 29.9% 33.9% 25.9%

% total CAP funding 1.9% 1.5% 4.8% 5.0% 9.7% 5.9% 7.9% 5.1% 7.2% 4.4% 4.5%Number of appeals supported by UK

4 11 17 25 24 18 17 22 17 16 16 187

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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

France’s contributions to UN appeals (inside and outside) by channel

UN agencies

Red Cross

Private sector

Other/not defined

NGOs

Foundations

ERF

CERF

Public sector (governments)

Academia/think thanks/research organisations

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Our aim is to provide access to reliable, transparent and understandable information so that we can all work to ensure better outcomes for people affected by humanitarian crises.

Global Humanitarian Assistance is a Development Initiatives programme, funded by the governments of Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom

Humanitarian financing. Clarity Counts.

Name: Lisa Walmsley

Email: [email protected]

Tel: +44 (0)1749 671343

Web: globalhumanitarianassistance.org

Global Humanitarian Assistance, Development Initiatives, Keward Court, Jocelyn Drive, Wells, Somerset, BA5 1DB, UK

Page 35: Les évolutions humanitaires

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