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SPECIFIC AND NONSPECIFIC IMMMUNE
SYSTEM
Dr Nova Kurniati, SpPD. K-AI. FINASIM
Div Allergy & Clinical Immunology
Medical Faculty Muhammadya University
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Components of the Immune System
I. Nonspecific (Innate/ Non-adaptive)
II. Specific (Acquired/ Adaptive)
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Immune System
NonSpecific Specific
Phyisic /Mechanic
- Intact Skin
- Mucus
- Coughing
- Sneezing
- Saliva, tears,
- perspiration,
- urine,
- Vomiting,diarrhea
Humoral
- Biochemic
- Lysozyme
- Neuroam ac
- Lactoferrin
- Complement
- Interferons
- CRP
Cellular
- Phagocyt
- PMN
- MN
-Cell Nol- NK Cell
- K Cell
- Mediator Cell
- Eos
- Mast, etc
Humoral /B Cell
-Imm. Glob
- IgM
- IgG
- IgA
- IgD
- IgE
Cellular /T Cells
- Th Cell
- Tc Cell
- Ts/ Tr Cell
- Tdth Cell
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COMPLEMENT MEDIATORS
MAC
Aktivasi komplemen menghasilkan sejumlah molekul efektor yg punya efek biologik
CLASSIC PATHWAY ACTIVATION AL
T
E
R
A
L
T
ALTERNATIVE PATH ACTIVATION
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INTERFERON
DIKUTIP DARI IMUNOLOGI DASAR KARNEN G.
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NONSPESIFIC CELLULAR IMM SYS
PHAGOCYTOSIS: Macrophage & PMN
DIKUTIP DARI IMUNOLOGI DASAR KARNEN G.
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SPECIFIC IMM SYSTEM
DIKUTIP DARI IMUNOLOGI DASAR KARNEN G.
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Interaksi antara molekul2 kostimulator mengatifkan sel T yg dalamkeadaan istirahat.
Aktifasi oleh APC: melalui TCR & kompleks MHC
Tapi tanpa disertai 2 kostimulator (B7) anergi
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SPECIFIC CELLULAR IMM SYST
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Antibody function Opsonin
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The concept of the specific immune response
APC
T Helper
/ CD4 T cell
MHC class II
Cellular
immunity
Ag TCR
T cytotoxic
/ CD8 T CellB cell
Target cellIgG
M cell
LPS
Gastrointestinalepithelium
IgM
IgA
MHC class I
TH1 TH2TH3
Humoral
immunity
IL-2, TNF- , INF- IL-4, IL-6, IL-10
TGF-
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Hipersensitivitas
E
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E
2a
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2a
5a
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5a
6a
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6a
8a
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8a
9a
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9a
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29d
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30d
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31d
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Autoimun
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Loss of Tolerance in Autoimmune Disease
Susceptibility genes(usually multiple)
Triggering factors(probably environmental)
Loss of tolerance
Auto reactive T cells Auto reactive B cells Inadequate regulatory
mechanism
Persistent pathogenic autoantibodies
Persistent pathogenic immune complexes
Persistent damaging autoreactive T cell
M h i f A t tib d S ti
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Mechanism of Autoantibody Secretion
Uptake ofautoantigen
P d M h i f
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Proposed Mechanisms of
Autoimmunity
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Release of Sequestered Antigens
Some self-antigens are sequestered in specialized tissues
and cannot be expressed in the thymus or bone marrow.
These are not seen by the developing immune system –
will not induce self-tolerance.
Exposure of T cells to these normally sequestered/tissue-
specific self-antigens in the periphery results in their
activation.
Cross-reacting Antigens
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Cross-reacting Antigens
(Molecular Mimicry)
E l f M l l Mi i
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Examples of Molecular Mimicry
Antigen Recognized by Autoantibodies in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
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Antinuclear
antibodies
Localization Recognized Antigen Disease
Anti-ss-DNA antibody
Anti-ds DNA antibody
Anti-polyADP ribose
antibody
Anti-Scl-70 antibodyAnti-centromere antibody
Anti-histone antibody
Chromatin
ss-DNA
ds-DNA
poly ADPribose
DNA topoimerase lcentromere
Histone
SLE etc.
SLE
SLE
SScCREST
Drug induce lupus
Anti-U1RNP antibody
Anti-Sm antibody
Anti-U2RNP antibody
Anti-SS-A/Ro antibody
Anti-SS-B/La antibody
Anti-PCNA antibody
-
Nucleus
U1RNP
U1, U2, U4/U6, U5 RNP
U2RNP
hY1~hY5 RNP
RNA polymerase III trancription
termination factor
DNA polymerase δ auxiliary factor
DNA dependent protein kinase
activation factor
MCTD
SLE
Overlap syndrome
SjS etc.
SjS
SLE
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Type II Hypersensitivity
Type II Hypersensitivity
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Type II Hypersensitivity
Autoimmunity
A t i Di d t
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Autoimmune Diseases due to
Type II Hypersensitivity
T III H iti it
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Type III Hypersensitivity
Type III Hypersensitivity
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Type III Hypersensitivity
Autoimmunity
A t i Di d t
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Autoimmune Diseases due to
Type III Hypersensitivity
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
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Autoantibodies against Prevalence
Double stranded DNA (dsDNA) 30-90%
Single stranded DNA (ssDNA) 70-95%
Histones 50-80%
U1-nRNP 15-40%
Sm 5-30%
SS-A (Ro) 20-60%
SS-B (La) 10-20%
Cyclin I (PCNA) 3%
Ku 5-10%
Ribosomal P proteins 5-20%
Cardiolipin, β-2-glycoprotein 1 20-40%
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Criteria for Diagnosis of SLE
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Criteria for Diagnosis of SLE
Malar rash
Discoid rash Photosensitivity
Oral ulcers
Arthritis
Serositis Neurological disorder
seizure
psychosis
. Renal disorder
proteinuria > 0.5g
Casts
Haematologic disorder
Haemolytic anemia
leukopenia
lymphopenia
thrombocytopenia Immunological disorder
anti-dsDNA
anti-Sm
anti-phospholipids ANA positivity
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Autoantibodies against Prevalence
Histones Rare
Single stranded DNA (ssDNA) 8%RANA 90-95%
Rheumatoid factors 65-90%
Fillagrin (keratin) 50%
T IV H iti it
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Type IV Hypersensitivity
Autoimmune Diseases due to
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Autoimmune Diseases due to
Type IV Hypersensitivity
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Defisiensi imun
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1. Struktur HIV
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2. Siklus Hidup HIV
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Thank You
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