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Contents
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Introduction
Calibration Test
A calibration test is a procedure in which an instrument, tool, or
device is tested to confirm that it conforms with the standard. Calibration
is very important, as it ensures that objects are working properly. There
are a number of reasons to conduct a calibration test, ranging from
concerns that something is not working as it should to preparations for an
event in which very precise calibration is desired, and there are a number
of ways to perform a calibration.
In some cases, people may conduct their own calibration tests. For
eample, a supermarket might check the accuracy of its scales every
week with an object of a known weight. !arket employees would "ero out
the scales, place the object on the scale, and take a reading before
"eroing the scale out again and weighing a second time. For
thoroughness, several different weights would be tried, to confirm that the
scale can handle a range of weights. If inaccuracies were identified, the
scales would need to be repaired, adjusted, or replaced. Calibration test
kits are available for many common instruments and tools so that peoplecan perform e#uipment calibration on their own.
Objectives
To test the instrument wheather it can function
properly after doing $ifferential Field Test.
To test wheather the reading distance in the same
position is consistent.
Test is carried immediately after servicing.
To test the instrument upon receipt of as new
instrument.
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equipments
%$!&T'TA( )TATI'*
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F+*CTI'*) 'F T'TA( )TATI'*& %$!
Coordinate measurement
Coordinates of an unknown point relative to a known coordinate can be determined using the total
station as long as a direct line of sight can be established between the two points. Angles and distancesare measured from the total station to points under survey, and the coordinates (X, Y, and Z or
northing, easting and elevation of surveyed points relative to the total station position are calculated
using trigonometry and triangulation. !o determine an absolute location a !otal "tation re#uires line
of sight observations and must be set up over a known point or with line of sight to $ or more points
with known location.
%or this reason, some total stations also have a &lobal 'avigation "atellite "ystem interface which do
not re#uire a direct line of sight to determine coordinates. owever, &'"" measurements may re#uire
longer occupation periods and offer relatively poor accuracy in the vertical a)is.
Angle measurement
*ost modern total station instruments measure angles by means of electro+optical scanning of
e)tremely precise digital bar+codes etched on rotating glass cylinders or discs within the instrument.
!he best #uality total stations are capable of measuring angles to .- arc+second. ne)pensive
/construction grade/ total stations can generally measure angles to - or 0 arc+seconds.
Distance measurement
*easurement of distance is accomplished with a modulated microwave or infrared carrier signal,
generated by a small solid+state emitter within the instrument1s optical path, and reflected by a prism
reflector or the ob2ect under survey. !he modulation pattern in the returning signal is read and
interpreted by the computer in the total station. !he distance is determined by emitting and receiving
multiple fre#uencies, and determining the integer number of wavelengths to the target for each
fre#uency. *ost total stations use purpose+built glass corner cube prism reflectors for the 34* signal.
A typical total station can measure distances with an accuracy of about 0.- millimetres (.56 ft 7 $
parts per million over a distance of up to 0,- metres (5,6 ft.8$9
:eflectorless total stations can measure distances to any ob2ect that is reasonably light in color, to a
few hundred meters.
Data processing
"ome models include internal electronic data storage to record distance, hori;ontal angle, and vertical
angle measured, while other models are e#uipped to write these measurements to an e)ternal data
collector, such as a hand+held computer.
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-I)!
The pillar at %$! aseline in atu /ajah,erak
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Procedures
01 )et up the %$!&Total )tation on the pillar no.0 and the prism
on the pillar no.2 .21 *et , the prism is move to the pillar no.3 and the
measurement is recorded.
31 -epeat step no.2 until the prism is move on pillar
no.4,no.5,no.6,no.7,no.8,no.9 and no.0: .
-ecord the measurement in the %$! Test Form.
41The %$!& Total )tation then is transfer to the pillar no.2 and
the prism on the pillar no.3.-ecord the measurement.
51-epeat the process until the prism is transfer to the pillar no.4,
no.5,no.6,no.7,no.8,no.9 and no.0: .-ecord the measurement.
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Findings/Data
Padang Golf Batu Gajah,Perak
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CA(C+(ATI'* $ATA
T;% -%)+(TI*/ %--'-
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A)%(I*% C-IT%-IA
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Conclusion
=>?3* have made a circular to license surveyor to understand about this
calibration,the method it was and how to make a report after make the calibration
test."urveyor need to check the 34* or !otal "tation few times,and make a calibration
after @ months using the instrument.esides that,after making a calibration,the surveyor
need to record all the data in booking reform and make the calculation to know the
error,in fact there have the error can be accepted and cannot be accepted.!hat is why the
surveyor need to make a calculation after they finish the calibrated the instrument.
ased on the fieldwork of calibration test that we have done by following all of the
procedurs,we get +.0m or +0.mm."o,it show that the error are accepted because
the error based on ?ek.Betua ?engarah >kur 4an ?emetaan il.@$6 the error should
not more that 0mm.owever,after finished our calibration test for 34*, we get +.0
so it is accepted.Conclusion, the 34* do not have any problem.
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Reerence
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