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CAD (Computer Aided Design)
CAD is an electronic tool that enables you tomake quick and accurate drawings with theuse of a computer.
CAD involves creating computer modelsdefined by geometrical parameters. Thesemodels typically appear on a computer
monitor as a three dimensionalrepresentation of a part or a system of parts,which can be readily altered by changingrelevant parameters.
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CAD systems enable designers to viewobjects under a wide variety of
representations and to test theseobjects by simulating real-worldconditions.
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CIM
CIM is the integration of
Computer in Product design Computer in process design
Computer in Electronic design
Computer aided process planning Numerical control Group technology
Automated storage retrieval and handling Computer aided testing and inspection Computer aided factory management Flexible manufacturing system
CAD
CAM
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What is CAD…?
Computer in the process design Model that express the system behavior
(dynamic)
Differential equation (physically based) Statistically models Time series models: output is function of
the output previous values as well as theinput present and previous values.
Parameters of the system are changed untilthe system gives the appropriate response.
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CAD Tools Required to Support the Design Process
Design phase Required CAD tools
Design conceptualization Geometric modeling techniques; Graphicsaids; manipulations; and visualization
Designmodeling and simulation
Same as above; animation; assemblies;special modeling packages.
Design
analysis
Analysis packages; customized programsand packages.
Designoptimization
Customized applications; structuraloptimization.
Designevaluation
Dimensioning; tolerances; BOM; NC.
Designcommunication and documentation
Drafting and detailing…
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Computer-Aided Design Process
Two types of activities:synthesis and analysis
Synthesis is largelyqualitative and hard to
capture on computer Analysis can be greatly
enhanced withcomputers
Once analysis is
complete, designevaluation- rapidprototyping
Software packages fordesign optimization
Design modeling,
Simulation & Animation
Design Analysis
Design Documentation
Design Evaluation
Prototyping
Design Optimization
Size & Shape
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Scope of CAD
Presentations Flexibility Units and Accuracy levels
Storage and access for drawings Sharing CAD drawings Project Reporting Engineering analysis CAM Add –on programmes
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CAM(Computer Aided Manufacturing
CAM is the use of computer based softwaretools that assists engineers and machins inmanufacturing or prototyping product
components. CAM is a programming toolthat makes it possible to manufacturephysical models using computer aideddesign programs.
CAM was first used in 1971 for car bodydesign
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What is CAM…?
Computer aided process planning
Numerical control (NC)
Group technology
Automated storage retrieval and handling
Computer aided testing and inspection
Computer aided factory management
Flexible manufacturing system
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CAM uses geometrical design data tocontrol automated machinery. CAM
system was associated with computernumerical control (CNC) or directnumerical control (DNC) systems.
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The Manufacturing Process (CAM)
Process Planning
Design & Procurement
of new ToolsProduction Planning Material Selection CNC Programming
Production
Packaging
Quality Control
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CAD/CAM in an engineeringenvironment and identify existing andfuture related tools, a study of atypical product cycle is necessary. Thefollowing Figure shows a flowchart of such a cycle
The Product Cycle and CAD/CAM
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The CAM Process
Design
needs
Design
definitions,
specifications, and
requirements
Collecting
relevant design
information and
feasibility study
Design
conceptualization
Design
modeling and
simulation
Design
analysis
Design
optimization
Design
evaluation
Design
documentation and
communication
Process
planning
Order materials
Design and
procurement of
new tools
Production
planning
NC, CNC, DNC
programming
ProductionQuality
control
Packaging
Marketing
Shipping
Typical Product Life Cycle
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Implementation of a Typical CAM Processon a CAD/CAM system
Geometric model
Interfacealgorithms
Process planning
Inspection
Assembly
Packaging
To shipping and marketing
NC programs
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Definitions of CAD/CAM Tools Based on
Their Constituents
Mfg tools
Networking
Design tools
Geometric
modeling
Computer
graphics
concepts
CAD/CAM
tools
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Advantages of CAD/CAM systems
Greater flexibility. Reduced lead times.
Reduced inventories. Increased Productivity. Improved customer service. Improved quality.
Improved communications with suppliers.
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• Better product design.
• Greater manufacturing control.
• Supported integration.• Reduced costs.
• Increased utilization.
• Reduction of machine tools.• Less floor space.
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Continuous flow processes
Example: oil refineries and chemical plantsautomation has reached a very high stateof development.
Sensors measure critical process variables inreal time and feed the measurement back to thecontrol computer.
The computer exercises an on-line optimizationto determine any needed adjustments in thecontrolled process components.
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Human interaction in continuousflow processes.
The process is fullyautomated withhuman monitoring
the process in acontrol roomcontainingreadouts of the
process variablesand parametersettings.
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Mass Production of discrete items
Ex: Automobile components.
Usually called flow lines or transfer lines.
Many special machines arranged sequentially. Workparts are transferred automatically from one machinesto another. The machine performs their operationsautomatically.
Ex: Robot welding, painting, parts handling and so on.
Automated flow lines are flexible Through the use of computer and flexible manufacturing system
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Software Providers Today
•The largest CAM software companies (by revenue 2005) are
UGS Corp (now owned by Siemens and called Siemens PLMSoftware, Inc) and Dassault Systèmes, both with over 10%of the market.
•CAMWorks (From Geometric Ltd) is the first CAM package
with Automatic Feature Recognition Technology,PTC, HitachiZosen and Delcam have over 5% each.
• while Planit-Edgecam, Tebis, TopSolid, CATIA,CNC (Mastercam), SolidCAM, DP Technology's ESPRIT,
OneCNC, and Sescoi between 2.5% and 5% each.
•The remaining 35% is accounted for by other nichesuppliers like T-FLEX,Dolphin CAD/CAM, MecSoft Corporation, SurfCAM, BobCAD, Metamation, GibbsCAM,and SUM3D .
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P e r c e n t o f R e s p o n d e n t s
l o w e r m f g . c o s t
h i g h e r p r o d u c t
q u a l i t y
i m p r o v e d p r o d .
c o n t r o l
b e t t e r
r e s p o n s i v e n e s s
r e d u c e d
i n v e n t o r y
i n c r e a s e d
f l e x i b i l i t y
s m a l l l o t
c a p a b i l i t y
o t h e r
Expected Benefits of CIM
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CIM Wheel - 1985
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Some picture
related to
CAD and CAM
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Queries Please………?????
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