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OutlineCyclotrons and SynchrotronsHistory
Compare to Linear AcceleratorsSchematic Views
Theory of Circular Accelerators Development of Synchrotron
Advantages over Cyclotron
Schematic ViewConclusion
Future of Synchrotrons
Applications of Synchrotron Radiation
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History Cyclotron conceived by E.Lawrence in 1929Ions accelerated usingradial magnetic force
Less voltage needed than inlinear accelerators
More compactSynchrocyclotron developedin 1950s
Relativistic mass increaseSynchrotron invented soonthereafter
Varying magnetic field
Cheaper and Easierhttp://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/
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http://www-nsd.lbl.gov/
Linear AcceleratorCompare to a circular accelerator
Much higher voltage neededNot cost-effective
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v
The Cyclotron
Period is independent ofvelocity
Particle steered by magnetMoves in larger circles in equal
amounts of timeGains more & more energy
Accelerates to large energies
without large voltagesEnergy limits- disk size, B-fieldstrength ~~ 100 MeV
B
F= ma
q(v B)= mv 2 / r
For circular orbits,
q(vB)= qvB
r= mv/qB
= v/ r= qB/m
F
cyclotron frequency f= /2 = qB/2 m
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Synchrocyclotron An augmented cyclotronParticles in cyclotrons gainmass due to relativity
Increases period eachrevolution
frequency modulation
http://imglib.lbl.gov/cgi-bin/ImgLib
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universe-review.ca/
Synchrotron
Notice:
particlestravel in a
ring , not
a disk
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Synchrotrons
Magnetic field graduallyincreases as energy
increasesParticles accelerated in aring, not a disk
Allows for cheaperconstruction
http://imglib.lbl.gov/cgi-bin/ImgLib
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ConclusionThe Future of SynchrotronsEnergies up to 1000 GeV
Behavior of the nucleusThe Strong Force
QuarksMatter-antimatter collisions
Synchrotron Radiation
Unwanted byproduct Applications
Surface ImagingSemiconductor manufactureQuicker computer processors http://www.europhysicsnews.com
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Referenceswww.hyperphysics.com http://www-nsd.lbl.gov/ http://universe-review.ca/
http://about-nature.net/synchrotron/ http://synchrotronsbasic.net http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mvigeant/
http://www.europhysicsnews.com/full/08/article3/ http://imglib.lbl.gov/cgi-bin/ImgLib
http://www.hyperphysics.com/http://www-nsd.lbl.gov/http://about-nature.net/synchrotron/http://synchrotronsbasic.net/http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mvigeant/http://www.europhysicsnews.com/full/08/article3/article3.htmlhttp://www.europhysicsnews.com/full/08/article3/article3.htmlhttp://imglib.lbl.gov/cgi-bin/ImgLibhttp://imglib.lbl.gov/cgi-bin/ImgLibhttp://imglib.lbl.gov/cgi-bin/ImgLibhttp://imglib.lbl.gov/cgi-bin/ImgLibhttp://www.europhysicsnews.com/full/08/article3/article3.htmlhttp://www.europhysicsnews.com/full/08/article3/article3.htmlhttp://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mvigeant/http://synchrotronsbasic.net/http://about-nature.net/synchrotron/http://about-nature.net/synchrotron/http://about-nature.net/synchrotron/http://www-nsd.lbl.gov/http://www-nsd.lbl.gov/http://www-nsd.lbl.gov/http://www.hyperphysics.com/Top Related