Validation and Calibration of ADM-Aeolus using Doppler lidars · LOGO Validation and Calibration of...

LOGO

Validation and Calibration of ADM-Aeolus using Doppler lidars

Songhua Wu, Bingyi Liu, Jintao Liu, Xiaoquan Song, Guaoyao Dai, Zhaixiao

Chun, Changzhong Feng, Quanfeng Zhuang, Hongwei Zhang

ESA ADM-Aeolus Science & Cal/Val workshop Feb 10-14, 2015, Frascati, Italy

[email protected]

Ocean Remote Sensing Institute (ORSI),

Ocean University of China (OUC), Qingdao,

mailto:[email protected]

Outline

2

1. Overview of ORSI’s lidar activities

Motivation & Applications

2. Available instruments for CAL/VAL

Ground based direct detect & coherent Doppler

wind lidar, HSRL, Raman depolarization lidar

3. Field experiments related to ADM-Aeolus Cal/Val

Lidar campaigns in Qingdao, Beijing, East China

Sea, Tibetan Plateau, etc.

Aeolus Science & Cal/Val WS, Frascati

Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, ORSI

Satellite Remote Sensing

• SST, SSW, 3Sea Wave, Current, Ocean Color, Oil Spill, etc.

Lidar and Ocean Optics

• Wind, Temperature, Cloud, Aerosol, Ocean Optics, etc.

Marine Geographical Information System

• Satellite Remote sensing, Virtual Reality of Oceanography, etc.

ORSI 23 Faculties, ~100 Master & Ph.D students

Qingdao

Beijing

Shanghai

Lidar 7 Faculties, ~20 Master & Ph.D students

3 Aeolus Science & Cal/Val WS, Frascati

Lidar research at ORSI

• Direct-detection Doppler lidar / High

spectral resolution lidar

wind, temperature and aerosol in boundary

layer and troposphere

• Coherent Doppler lidar

wind in boundary layer

• Raman lidar and Polarization lidar

water vapor, cirrus and aerosol

• Ocean Lidars

ocean optics, chlorophyll and oil leakage

• Lidar technology

Laser seed injection and frequency

stabilization, spectrometer, retrieval

algorithm, digital signal processer, etc.

Initial motivation

SST & SSW

Aeolus Science & Cal/Val WS, Frascati 4

Recent atmospheric lidar campaigns

2005~2006：radiosonde validation

2006 International Sailing Games：wind

profiler

2007 International Sailing Games：wind

profiler, buoys

2007 Ground anemometer validation

campaign

2008 Olympics: operational sea surface

wind monitoring

2008 Spacecraft landing area：wind profile

monitoring

2009 Storm observation：lidar, radars

2010 WMO radiosonde validation campaign

at Yangjiang

2010 Sea surface wind observations for Asia

Game

2011-2012 CMA Lidar and radiosonde

campaign in Beijing

2013 Atmospheric lidar observation in Indian

Ocean

2013-2017 CMA the 3rd Tibetan Plateau

atmosphere scientific campaign 5 Aeolus Science & Cal/Val WS, Frascati

Direct Detect Doppler Wind Lidar / HSRL

• Atomic absorption using iodine vapor

• Fabry-Perot interferometer

• Fezeau interferomter

Atomic filter

Fabry-Perot etalon Fezeau interferometer

ALADIN & A2D Courtesy of O. Reitebuch

Atmospheric Molecules

Aerosol particles


7

BS

M

NPBS

IF

L1

L2

PMT2

Photodiode

Frequency Locking Module

10X Beam

Expander

Reference

Channel

Elevation-

over-Azimuth

Scanner

BS: Beamsplitter

M: Mirror L: Lens

IF: Interference Filter

NPBS: Non-Polarizing BS

PMT: Photomultiplier

M M

Fiber

Iodine Filter

Schmidt-

Cassegrain

Telescope

Photodiode

Iodine Filter

Transmitting Subsystem

Receiving Subsystem

PMT1

Measurement

Channel

Nd:YAG Pulsed Laser

(Injection Seeded)

BS

Frequency Discirminating Module

2

2( , ) [ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )] ( )M M a a m m

AN r v k r T v r T v r T r

r

2

2( , ) [ ( ) ( )] ( )R R a m

AN r v k r r r T r

r

Mw

R

NR

N

( ) ( )

( )

w w oF

w o

R v R vR

R v

F

LOS

dRS

dV F

LOS

RV

S

Principle of wind measurements

Measured signal:


8

-4 -2 0 2 40

0.3

0.5

0.7

1

Relative Frequency(GHz)

Tra

nsm

itta

nce

碘分子透过率曲线A(T=0.3)B(T=0.3)

C(T=0.7)

A

B

C

Wind measurement sensitivity calibration

1. Tune the frequency of transmitting laser to 3 points along one slope of iodine line

2. Fit received signal of 3 frequency to obtain wind sensitivity

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

x 108

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Relative Frequency(Hz)

Tra

nsm

itta

nce

Real Rb=0Measure Rb=0

Real Rb=0.3

Measure Rb=0.3

Real Rb=0.7Measure Rb=0.7

Real Rb=1

Measure Rb=1

Real Rb=8Measure Rb=8

Real Rb=15

Measure Rb=15

Real Rb=∞Measure Rb=∞

Response curve with various Rb

-40 -20 0 20 40-10

-5

0

5

10

-40 -20 0 20 40-10

-5

0

5

10

真实风速(m/s)

误差

(测量

-真实

)(m

/s)

Rb = 0

Rb = ∞Rb = ∞

Rb = 0

Real speed (m/s)

Win

d e

rro

r (m

/s)

Wind error due to non-linear sensitivity


Data product: Wind Profile

Wind Profile comparison results between Wind Lidar (8:45) and Radiosonde (8:00) on May 7, 2006

Wind Profile comparison results between Wind Lidar (20:20) and Radiosonde (20:00) on October 19, 2007


Rain

Rain

Sea Surface Wind in Olympic Sailing Event

10

Data Product: SSW & 4-D VAR

HRSL method for Aerosol

1 1 2 0( ) ( )( ( ) ( ))exp 2 [ ( ') ( ')]

z

a R a R

zN z k z z z z dz

z

2 2 2 0( ) ( ) ( )exp 2 [ ( ') ( ')]

z

R R a R

zN z k f z z z dz

z

Constant Molecule Backscatter

Aerosol Backscatter

Molecule Extinction

Aerosol Extinction

Recevier transmittance

0 5 10 1510

1

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

Height (km)

Photo

n C

ounts

PMT1

PMT2

0 5 10 1510

1

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

Height (km)

Photo

n C

ounts

PMT1

PMT2

aerosol & molecular

molecular 11 Aeolus Science & Cal/Val WS, Frascati

Data Product: Aerosol Extinction Profile

Fine

2005-10-21

Cirrus

2005-10-22

floating dust

2005-11-07


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Lidar Balloon

Wind direction (degree)

Alt

itu

de (

km

)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Lidar Balloon

Wind speed (m/s)

Alt

itu

de (

km

)

Wind profile

Ground-based incoherent Doppler wind lidar using iodine absorption lines

First Doppler lidar in China, 1998-2000

Z. Liu, et.al. 1997, 2002,2003


• Development started in 2005. • Accomplished in 2007. • 2008 Olympics wind observations

Wind profile and 3D wind field with resolution of 100m; update rate at 10 minutes

Troposphere wind profiles & 3D wind field Doppler Lidar measuring sea surface wind

Z. Liu, S. Wu, B. Liu, Z. Li, et.al. 2003,2006,2007,2008

BS

M

M

BS

IF L1L2

Photon

Counting PMT

Photodiode

Frequency Locking

10X Beam Expander

Reference

Channel

Elevation-over-

Azimuth Scanner

L: Lens

M: Mirror

BS: Beamsplitter

IF: Interference Filter

M M

Fiber

Iodine Filter

Schmidt-

Cassegrain

Telescope

Photodiode

Iodine Filter

Transmitting Subsystem

Receiving Subsystem

Photon

Counting PMT

Measurement

Channel

Nd:YAG

Seed Laser

Nd:YAG Pulsed Laser

Seed Injection


Shipborne Doppler wind lidar

• New transceiver telescope is designed for long term alignment stability.

• The 10 times higher peak power DPSS laser to get better SNR for wind measurement in the troposphere.

• Very compact Doppler frequency discriminator and frequency stabilizer and are developed to fit in a 4U 19“ cabinet rack.

• New scanner is designed for precise beam pointing and direction compensation due to the ship rolling.

atmosphere

AO

AI

I/O

scanner

Transceiver

telescope

Ship Lidar

①Telescope and scanner system

② Seed injected system

③ Locking system

④ Optical frequency discrimination system

⑤ Transceiver optical path

Tip: ② and ③ comprising transmitter system

Photon counter

①

②

③

④

⑤

PC

LabVIEW

PID locking

feedback

monitor

To seeder

DAQ card

PIN

PIN

Iodine box

Pulsed

laserseeder

TMP PZT

From DAQ

card

PMT

PMTIF

chopper

LC

LV

LV

LV

LV

LV

λ/4λ/2

M

BE

Conical lenses

fiber

fiber

fiber

fiber fiber

Acquisition card

LC：Plano concave lenses

LV：Plano convex lenses

BS：BeamSplitter

IF：Interference Filter

BE：Beam Expander

M：Mirror

PBS：Polarization BeamSplitter

PMT：Photomultiplier

PIN：Photodiode

λ/4：quanter wave plate

λ/2：Half wave plate


Parameter Ground-based Mobile Shipborne

Detect altitude 1~10 km 0.2~10 km 0.2-15 km

Vertical resolution 100 m (PBL)

500m (Troposhpere) 100 m (PBL)

500m (Troposhpere) 50 m (PBL)

100m (Troposhpere)

LOS Accuracy 1 m/s (PBL)

2m/s (Troposhpere) 1 m/s (PBL)

2m/s (Troposhpere) 1 m/s (PBL)

2m/s (Troposhpere)

PRF 10 Hz 500Hz 100 Hz

Averaging time 30 mins (Profile) 15 mins (Profile) 10 mins (Profile)

Wavelength 532 nm 532 nm 532 nm

Pulse energy 100mJ 10 mJ 120 mJ

Doppler wind lidar / HSRL performances

Available sources for ADM/Aeolus Cal/Val 16

Coherent Doppler Lidar for direct detect DWL Cal/Val

Balanced

Detector A\D

ISO

Seed laser Fiber

ISO&Filter

Pre-amplifier

ISO&Filter

Fiber

Power amplifier

1550nm 10μJ 100μJ

Splitter

Splitter

AOM

Optical switch

Signal processing

Wedge

Telescope

2 / D LOSf V

if

i Df f

i Df f

i Df f

FFT

AerosolPaticles

LOSV

V

if

S. Wu, et. al. 2012 17

Backscatter

Vertical Wind speed

Wind Profiles

• Boundary layer wind profile measurement with high accuracy of 0.3 m/s.

• Better understanding of the vertical wind under and within clouds.

• Easy to transport for remote area campaign • Deployed in the Tibetan Plateau campaign.


Coherent Doppler lidar/CDL for Sea Surface Wind

2013 Cruise April 27th to May 21th

Dongfanghong II Research vessel

CDL

Turbulent wake of the research vessel

Wind direction change can be seen.

18

PPI scanning mode of LOS velocity of sea surface wind on May 7th, 2014.

HSRL

Tibetan Plateau lidar campaign 2013-2017 The Tibetan Plateau lies at a critical

and sensitive junction of four climatic systems: the Westerlies, the East Asian Monsoon, the Siberian cold polar airflow, and the Indian monsoon.

The 1st Tibetan Plateau atmospheric science campaign in 1979.

The 2st Tibetan Plateau atmospheric science campaign in 1998.

The 3rd Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment is proposed by China Meteorological Administration CMA that is formally to start in 2014. The experiment will carry on for at least 3 years.

The 2013 lidar campaign is a joint preface experiment organized by OUC/ORSI and CAMS/LAWS ( Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences/ Laboratory of Severe Weather.

CMA

Siberian cold

polar airflow

Westerlies

East Asian

monsoon Indian

monsoon

OUC CAMS LaSW


• Transmitter wavelength: 355nm, 532nm and 1064nm • Receiver channels: 355/374nm, 387nm, 407nm, 532nm ||, 532nm/⊥, 1064nm • Water vapor, Cloud, Aerosol, PBL wind observations in the Tibetan Plateau since 2013. • Locations: Litang (3950 m altitude), Nagqu (4560 m altitude), …

Raman lidar and Polarization lidar water vapor, cloud and aerosol


Multi-wavelength Raman-polarization lidar

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

0 2 4 6 8

Heig

ht

AG

L (

km

)

Water vapor mixing ratio (g/kg)

20140527n-Water Vapor Mixing Ratio

Water vapor lidar data

Radiosonde data

Error bar

21

α

σ

ΔH2O

Vertical

Velocity ΔFlux

Summary of Cal/Val opportunities

22

A: Direct-detect technique but with the different laser wavelength and Doppler

frequency discriminator which makes validation effective on the independent

technological background. The validation lidars cover most of the data products of

ADM-Aeolus such as LOS wind speed, aerosol extinction coefficient and

backscattering. Moreover, aerosol backscattering ratio and lidar ratio can be

provided which is essential to calibrate the atmospheric parameter used for aerosol

extinction coefficient and wind velocity retrieval in the ADM-Aeolus algorithm.

B: Combined LOS wind velocity, wind profile and 3D wind vectors are the useful

tools to validate the ADM-Aeolus measurements.

C:The mobile Doppler lidar is a quasi-operational system qualified by the China

Meteorological Administration. The quality controland quantity could be credible.

D:The Coherent Doppler lidar can validate the direct detect Doppler lidar in

PBL. It is practical and efficient to characterize and monitor sea surface wind

vectors.

E: Multi-wavelength Raman-polarization lidar is located at the Qingdao/Tibetan

Plateau to study typical marine / continental aerosol and cloud.

F:OUC/ORSI is developing a compact coherent Doppler lidar on UAV which

could be a good option for calibration and validation if sources are available.

Instruments & Data products


Summary of Cal/Val opportunities Field experiments could be synchronously carried out using ground-based lidars

when ADM-Aeolus passes in different sites.

Westerlies

East Asian

monsoon

Indian

monsoon

23

Siberian cold

polar airflow

Thanks for listening…


Validation and Calibration of ADM-Aeolus using Doppler lidars · LOGO Validation and Calibration of...

Documents

Transcript of Validation and Calibration of ADM-Aeolus using Doppler lidars · LOGO Validation and Calibration of...