www.irstea.fr

Pour mieux

affirmer

ses missions,

le Cemagref

devient Irstea

Francis MACARY UR ETBX, Irstea

francis.macary@irstea.fr

Using multiple criteria decision aid to improve best agricultural and environmental management practices

in the area of a big wine company, near Bordeaux

The 31st of March to the 2nd of April, 2016

2

1- Introduction : context and objectives

Many ecoystems are degraded with human activities, including intensive agriculture , specially: pesticides. => Consequences on quality of water, for biota and drinking water! => Degradation of soil quality, => Atmospheric pollutions => human health!

This situation is amplified with cultures like vineyards and orchards, because they need a hight level of sanitary protection: fungicides, insecticides, (and some herbicides to control weeds), => With an oceanic climat, in Bordeaux, the vineyard is sensitive.

But sometimes, the use of pesticide could be excessive. => More and more, people ask to reduce pesticides, because of their bad effects on health.

3

There are more and more papers about Pesticides & Health.

4

This was the era of the best years, for chemical business…

when agrochemicals replaced agronomy!

5

But now, people say: that’s enough!

6

Public policies have failed to reduce pesticides uses, because

the main system of production is yet intensive

(called in France: conventional).

Now, the French Ministry of agriculture tries to promote the

production principles of agroecology, based on interactions between

agrosystems and ecosystems, to avoid synthetic pesticides and

preserve soils.

Near Bordeaux, a group of 500 winegrowers are gathered in the

« Tutiac cooperative » which represents 4 000 ha of vine and

230 000 hl of wine per year : the biggest cooperative of AOC wines

in France. They decided to adapt their conventional practices

toward agroecology.

To study the effects of best agricultural and environmental

practices, we decided to build a research project with scientists of

Bordeaux University and research centers: Irstea, INRA, CNRS, Ifremer,

gathered into the LabEx COTE.

7

This project is called PhytoCOTE and the topic is:

«Using pesticides in agrosystems, transfers, bioaccumulation, and

impacts on ecosystems. Modeling of changes in farming practices».

It is implemented from 2015 to 2019.

The Tutiac cooperative located in Marcillac (Gironde) became

our main professional partner, with the union of Bordeaux-Blaye

wines.

¤ we need contacts with their winemakers to analyse their

agricultural practices and also quality of soil, water and air.

¤ they use our scientific results to improve their agroecological

project.

8 Location of the study

area

9

9

Distillery of winemaking residues

Watershed output

Watershed entry

Wastewater treatment plant

Tutiac cooperative of winemaking

Village of Marcillac

Study area

10 PhytoCOTE projet

11

Structuring of the PhytoCOTE projet

Agro-environment

Agro-economics

Environmental Chemistry

12

Methodology of MCDA

1. Determination of the study area. 2015

2. Knowledge of agricultural and environmental practices of winemakers, by enquiries on the ground. 2015

3. Understanding of the decision choices about the sanitary protection of vineyard taken by winemakers

2016

4. Implementation MCDA 1 => ELECTRE TRI method, coupled with a GIS, to assess risks of pesticide transfers, from farming parcels, to water (WP1) (sorting in 4-5 categories).

2016

2017 5. Implementation MCDA 2 => ELECTRE III method, to rank results of scenarios, relating practice changes, including results of bioeconomics modelling (WP3). 2018

13

Environmental performances of agriculture

/ water quality

9

Sorting problem

Segmentation procedure

The agro-environmental task aims to assess risks of pesticide transfers, from farming parcels, to water, in the watershed.

A watershed

¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤

¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤

¤

¤

¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤ ¤

¤ ¤

¤

x farming parcels

Very high

High

Medium

Low

Level of risk to contaminate ecosystems

y = 4

categories

7 criteria

14

Road network and ways

Hydrographic network

DEM 10 m slopes

Cartographics data

Connectivity

Slopes

Land use

Soils

Inquiries and ground

observations data

(ArcGIS)

General structure

of GIS

Pesticide pressure

7 Criteria (Electre Tri-C)

MCDA 1

Nature of soils

Vulnerability

of water

Agricultural

Pressure

Pesticide pressure

Riparian zones

Wetlands & Grass

along streams

Protections

Agroecological practices

Filter strips

AEPs

Riparian zones

Slopes

Soils

15 Determination of the land use and practices

16

Next step 2016 : on the ground, for each farming parcel => Evaluation of performances, and => multi criteria modelling: MCDA 1.

Mapping of results with the GIS (WP1).

WP3 : bioeconomics modelling of scenarios concerning practice changes or system of production, with stakeholders. ex: - decrease number of pesticide treatments using specific models, - optimisation of the implementation of treatments, with very precise sprayers, - Change of production system… => MCDA 2 (2017-2018): ranking of scenarios, studied with stakeholders and consequences for winemakers of Tutiac & others.

And after…

17

Conclusion

In this PhytoCOTE projet, the partnership with winegrowers

and specially the Tutiac cooperative is essential to be able to develop all our research. And it is also interesting for their agroecological project, because some scientifical analysis are necessary.

In 2016, we will finish to implement the MCDA 1 method, to assess environmental performances of their practices (sorting parcels about potential risk of pesticide transfers) to be able to discuss these results with winegrowers and their advicers.

In 2017, we will build together scenarios to improve best agricultural & environmental practices; assess with a bioeconomical model of optimisation; and a MCDA 2 method to finish the analyse with a ranking of results of these scenarios.

Next time => first results !

18

18

Vineyard of Bordeaux-Blaye

F. Macary, August 2015

Thank you for your attention