Urbanisme et santé

Laura Donisetti coordinateur Milan Villes SantéMunicipalité de Milan – Direction Santé

Comunedi Milano

r

Grande Milano 4,5 million d’habitants Ville de Milano 1,3 million d’habitants in 2006  Chaque jour 5.800.000 vehicles entrent dans le territoir de Grande Milano et 700.000 vehicles entrent dans la Ville

Depuis 2001 la ville de Milan a dessiné un programme de développement ambitieux:

- augmenter la population des résidants,- expandre l’attractivité de Milan comme ville d’affaires, des échanges, de culture et d’attrait pour l’Europe,- agrandir les espace verts bien entretenus et surs.

Le fil rouge du programme est le développement durable et l'accessibilité des services ,

célà implique, donc , des choix d’utilisation des espaces urbains ( bâtis ou verts)

et de mobilité entre eux cohérents.

Le thèmes et l’ es évaluations environnementales font parti du débat de la communauté,pas seulement comme attention primaire aux facteurs écologiques mais aussi aux facteurs sociaux

Healthy Urban Planning (HUP) Planification Urbaine pour la Santé

est un des thèmes - coeur

du travail proposé par l’OMS au réseau des Villes Santé

MILAN a commencé ce travail en alliance avec:

OMS- Centre pour la Santé et l a Gouvernance,

Depart.Municipal d’Urbanisme et Depart.Services Sociaux, Villes Santè, Université Polithécnique DIAP Milan,

sub -Reseau des Villes Santé

“

Healthy urban planning means planning for people. It promotes the idea that the city is much more than buildings, streets and open spaces but a living organism, the health of which is closely linked to that of its citizens.

Healthy urban planning focuses on the positive impact that urban planning can have on human health, well-being and quality of life and reflects WHO’ s broad definition of health.

It aims to refocus urban planners on the implication of their work for human health and well-being...

Health is a core element of sustainable development & healthy urban

planning aims to improve both the quality of the built environment and the quality of life of individuals and communities in cities. It can help create a healthy economy, a healthy environment and a healthy society.*

*Barton H & Tsourou C, Healthy Urban Planning, - A WHO guide to planning for people, Spon 2000

Urban planning

can have a major impact on conditions in cities.

The conditions in which people live and work, their access to facilities and services, their lifestyles, and their ability to develop strong social networks are all influenced by the plans, policies and initiatives of urban planners and related professions.

At the same time these are At the same time these are key things which determine the health, well being key things which determine the health, well being

and quality of life of people in and quality of life of people in citiescities

Qualité de la vie dans l’environnement urbain

is marqued by the relationship between the constructed environment and physical and mental health, healthy living & healthy life styles

is determined byquality of urban settlements and urban formquality and role of public spaces architectural barriers, accessibility, design for allquality of life and quality of servicescollaborative planning and Healthy Urban Planningurban safety

Is determined by quality of urban settlements and urban

form quality and role of public spaces architectural barriers, accessibility, design

for all quality of services collaborative planning and Healthy Urban

Planning urban safety

Qualité de la vie dans l’environnement urbain

L’approche Villes Santé et Urbanisme

est congénial à la création de politiques et d’actions de développement urbain favorables à la santé

car il assume en même temps des objectifs de justice sociale, de durabilité et de participation

Le programme veut faciliter la coopération entre les différents secteurs au sein des villes .

Les faits : les déterminants sociaux de la santé

Le premier niveau d’influence concerne le comportement individuel et le style de vie. L’environnement physiquequi se premier niveau d’influence sur lasanté trouve façonné par les décisions d’urbanisme peut soit faciliter soit êtreun frein à un mode de vie salutaire.

Le second niveau d’influence sur la santéde l’individu se réfère à l’environnement social : l’urbanisme peut être un agent destructeurdes réseaux sociaux, c’est le cas dans les projets de rénovation urbaine sansnuance, il peut à l’inverse, entretenir les possibilités d’une vie de quartier pleine de richesses.

Au troisième niveau d’influence – les conditions structurelles locales – la politique d’aménagement affecte très directement et de façon diversifiée la santé de l’individu.

comportement individuel et

style de vie

-Influence de l’environnement social

-conditions structurelles locales

-conditions générales socio-économiques, culturelles et environnementales

Au niveau le plus large… on note que l’organisation urbaine locale a une influence sur la qualité de l’air, de l’eau et des ressources du sol. L’organisation urbaine a également un effet sur l’émission de gaz à effet de serre … *Whitehead et Dahlgren

Le santé est conçue comme un des aspect de la « qualité de vie » urbaine, mais la création d’un Département Municipal de la Santé a introduit un plus fort intérêt pour les« faits de santé »

Strategic Planning for Health

Urban planning and elderly people

Healthy Neighbourhood

Mobility and Transport

Physical activity

*ource: HUP Sub-Network Preparatory Meeting, Milan, 15-16 April 2005

L’activité de Milan répond aux 5 priorités

.

• implementation of the urban market

• improvement of links between mobility

and urban projects

• creation of a new plan for green areas at local and metropolitan level

• reduction of territory consumption

• introduction of a principle of equal distribution of the right to build

• implementation of public services and facilities

• improvement of life quality & environmental sustainability

The strategic document will identifies seven objectives for the city’s development:

Strategic Planning and Health

il coinvolgim/la partecipazione

Processus pour le Plan des Règles de la Ville de Milan

luglio 2007 luglio 2007 ... luglio 2007 - giugno 2008

ascolto della cittàavvio del piano elaborazione contenuti

apertura del processo

richiesta di contributi

raccolta di contributi progettazione alla scala locale

Gli obiettivi: i tre pilastri

Le Plan des Services

Main settings

N.of inhabitants, sq meters, density

Number & kind of services

geocoding of services on the map

Mobility and Transport

Physical activity,

..

Gruppo di lavoro HUP: Ufficio Città Sane Milano Direzione Urbanistica - DIAP Politecnico

& Direzione Servizi Sociali

Sono stati analizzati i progetti proposti dai costruttori in due concorsi di edilizia abitativa pubblica secondo il concetto della flessibilità strutturale e capacità aggregante degli spazi. E’ stato fatto un confronto con progetti messi in atto da altre realtà italiane e straniere evidenziando delle buone pratiche.

Alla fine è stato stilato un documento con indicazioni e suggerimenti sulle caratteristiche opportune per edifici di edilizia pubblica residenziale particolarmente adatti ad ospitare un popolazione che “invecchia in salute”.

Milano “ abitare 1 e 2”

Urban Planning and elderly people

.

DIAP POLITECNICO PER COMUNE DI MILANO HUP

interventi su più livelli:-da quello cittadino a quello del quartiere (in termini di risorse, di reti relazionali, ecc.);-da quello abitativo (housing) a quello riferito al contesto territoriale (spazi pubblici e collettivi);quello sociale e quello spaziale (anche nei suoi aspetti percettivi e simbolici);- da quello riguardante il singolo anziano a quello riguardante l’invecchiamento della comunità

Analyse des logement s,des maisons de retraite/ aparts du Conseil Municipal

OWN’S HOME

(regeneration, services, networks)n

NEW HOME

(with different degrees of protection)

NEARNESS HOMES

(cohousing )

TEMPORARY HOME NEW SOLUTIONS FOR NURSING HOMES

•SUITED HABITAT•REDEVELOPMENT NEIGHBOURHOOD•SOCIAL CARETAKING•FAMILY SERVICES•HOME CARE (home help service and home nursing medical service)  •BIOTELESURVEILLANCE •DAY CARE CENTRE AND•SOCIAL NETWORK ACTIVATION AND PUBLICALLY COLLECTIVE SERVICES (time bank, lunchrooms etc.)

•DWELLING PLACES AT MARKET PRICE OR FOR ELITE•PROTECTED VILLAGES•COOPERATIVE BUILDING (plus services)•SHELTERED HOUSES •PERMANENT OR INDEPENDENT COMMUNITY HOUSES (e.g. Abbeyfield)•HALL BUILDING WITH SHELTERED HOUSES

•SMALL LIFE UNITS SELFMANAGED (cohousing)

•FAMILY SERVICES (Kangaroo homes, Cantous)

•SUPPORTIVE APARTMENT HOUSES

•ELDER PEOPLE + OTHER FAMILIES (young couples, students, foreigners, etc.)

•HOLIDAYS HOMES

•TEPORARY COMMUNITY HOUSES

(Nights welcome, week end etc.; for rehabilitation or for resting etc.)

•DAY REHABILITATION CENTRE

•REPLACING IN SOCIAL NETWORKAND COMMUNITY SERVICES

(not just for elderly)•ELDERLY MOVEMENT IMPROPERLY HOUSED•INTERNAL REBUILDING OF NURSING HOMES•TRANSFORMATION FROM NURSING HOMES TO SHELETERD HOUSES

Healthy Neighbourhood

In particular, the aim is to integrate

into strategic planning the key principles of healthy cities which are:

promotion of healthy life styles, social cohesion, promoting quality of housing, accessibility to work and to services and facilities, equity, safety, quality of environment, climate conditions.

Following the healthy cities approach, the City Council will try to include

health as a core theme into the seven objectives of the strategic document

Traduction des lignes guide pour Urbanisme sain

Target N°2 encourager et soutenir la cohésion sociale

Les politiques urbaines ne peuvent pas créer les communautés ou les réseaux de cohésion sociale, mais ces dernières peuvent être facilitées à travers la réalisation d’ un environnement sur et perméable qui inclue des lieux d’agrégation sociale, et à travers la promotion d’ intervention pour reduirl’isolement et l’exclusion sociale.

Secteurs clef:Services socio-sanitaires Planning urbainJardins et environnementTransport et trafficSureté urbaine Banlieues Culture Sport

Healthy Urban Planning Manual WHO 1999- tradct .L.Donisetti

Indicatori suggeriti

Strutture pubbliche più frequentate (strutture sportive, musei, ecc.)

%

Nuove strutture pubbliche n° per anno

Organizzazioni di volontariato n°/1.000 ab.

Disagio psichicoNumero di persone affette da problemi psichici seguiti dal CPS

n°

Piazze e altri spazi verdi attrezzati per la sosta e lo svago

n°n° per zone di

decentramento

Aggregazione giovanile e degli anziani n° centri di aggregazione per giovani e per anziani

(pubblici e privati) % sulle due popolazioni

Opportunità di aggregazione intergenerazionale e interetnica

n° centri o iniziative che promuovono queste

opportunità

Azioni comunitarie, di quartiere n° iniziative locali

PROGETTO PORTA NUOVA

ATTENZIONE ALLA PROGETTAZIONE EDILIZIA ECOSOSTENIBILE- COGENERAZIONE- POMPE DI CALORE IN EMUNGIMENTO DALLA FALDA- USO DEL FOTOVOLTAICO- APPLICAZIONE DI TECNICHE E METODOLOGIE DI MONITORING- USO DI MATERIALI RICICLABILI ED ECOSOSTENIBILI.STIMA DELLA RIDUZIONE DELLE EMISSIONI DEL 30%

Assessorato Sviluppo del TerritorioSettore Progetti Strategici

CONFERENZA “CONCERTO”“DA PORTA NUOVA A EXPO 2015 - NUOVI AMBIENTI URBANI A MILANO

Merci de votre attention

.

Laura Donisetti coordinateur Milan Villes SantéMunicipalité de Milan – Direction Santé

laura.donisetti@comune.milano.itSALcittasane@comune.milano.it