Thamin - Ambroise et morale chretienne

7/31/2019 Thamin - Ambroise et morale chretienne

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/thamin-ambroise-et-morale-chretienne 1/501



d4rv

QNBC[ NOEUIBQLL[

DN OIUNDL AJUÂ[BLCCLN\ BPS QBÊADL

Â[\KL AIO]NUÂL KLQ [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL ABHÂUIC

L[ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL

[JLQL ]I\U DL KIA[IUN[]râslctâl í dn @naudtâ kls Jbattrls k#l @'nrbs

Unyoick [JNOBCNCZBLZ ÂDÊPL KL d(ÂAIDL CIUONDL Q\]ÂUBL\UL

N3ABLZ ONÃ[UL KL AIC@ÂULCALQ Í DN @NA\D[Â KLQ DL[[ULQ KL DRIC

]UI@LQQL\U KL ]JBDIQI]JBL N\ DRAÂL AICKIUAL[

]NUBQ

H# ONQQIC$ ÂKB[L\U

DBEUNBUL KL d(nANKÂOBL KL OÂKLABCL

>5=$ EI\DLPNUK QNDC[/HLUONBC

>:2<



[J\A[[\[LA@XLKBNLPNDQB\KBL'

$= ADOQDLR]DNAL

[IUIC[I 0# ANCN#KN#

.ãc;



N DN OLOIBUL

OIC]LUL

«> BB c(y n pns uc giur iò gl cl plcsl í oic

pêrl$ lt$ qunck gl cl subs pns trip cb*Slictlct

kl oib/oçol$ bd o(nrrbvl quldqul`ibs kl dub

kbrl 7 Ls/tu aictlct$ oic pêrl 9 >> sloedl ndirs

qu(uc sbhcl kl sn tbJl vâcârnedl ol râpickl lt

ol slrvl kl prbx# ¶

Kuabs$ Dlttrs ku >> iatierl >:>1#



Kbhbtbzlk ey tjl Bctlrclt Nrajbvlbc 5=>> wbtj `uckbch `rio

\cbvlrsbty i` [iricti

jttp7))www#nrajbvl#irh)kltnbds)snbctncceribslltdIItjno



]UL@NAL

\c âvêqul$ nu bv% sbêadl$ ajibsbssnct aiool oikêdl k(uclbcstruatbic quéd nkrlssl í sls prçtrls uc dbvrl pnélc$ tld lst

dl hrnck âvâclolct oirnd qul cius viudics rnaictlr# Onbs

bd sl triuvl qul alt âvâclolct$ vrnb aiup k(Âtnt bctlddlatuld

piur qub kl dn audturl pnélccl lt kl dn audturl ajrâtblccl

plcknct alttl pârbikl cl aiccnãt qul dlur bctidârncal râab/

priqul$ nppnrnãt pdutût í kls splatntlurs oblux bcìroâs

aiool uc kâciulolct cnturld# Bd najêvl lc l``lt uc dlct$

onbs bcalssnct rnppriajlolct lctrl d(ncablccl oirndl lt

dn ciuvlddl6 bd onrqul lctrl d(lsprbt rionbc lt d(lsprbt ajrâ/

tblc ucl n``bcbtâ kict cius nvics k(nutrls tâoibhcnhls$ lt

vblct aiool lc `bxlr dls râsudtnts kurnedls#

Alplcknct d(âvçqul$ bckâplcknct kncs sic bobtntbic$

sloedl cl d(nvibr lctrlprbsl qul piur oictrlr iò lddl

s(nrrçtnbt# Oçol qunck bd subt pns í pns sic oikêdl$ a(lst

sncs aicalssbic kl sn pnrt$ lt d(jârbtnhl oirnd kl d(nctbqubtâ

lst rlaulbddb pnr dub kl `nèic í `nbrl aribrl dl pdus siuvlct

qul dl ajrbstbncbsol triuvl lc dub/oçol al qu(bd lopructl#

]ubs$ í aûtâ ku stiéabsol qub survbt iu qub rlcnãtkncs snbct

Noeribsl$ k(nutrls pjbdisipjbls aicaiurlct í ìrolr sn

plcsâl# ]jbdic ùt sic onãtrl aiool Abaâric# Kâoçdlr als

bc`dulcals lctrl/aribsâls$ lt aiopnrlr d(őuvrl qub râsudtl

\bOPLJQB[F KL DyIC# ‛ PBBB# >



5 ]UÂ@NAL#

k(lddls í alddl kict lddl lst [bc`bkêdl trncsarbptbic$ vibdí

citrl tAbajl# ‛ Qnbct Noeribsl bobtntlur kl Abaæric cius

bctârlssl$ lt k(nutnct pdus qul a(lst dí uc `nbt rlprâslctntb`

kl tiutl ucl jbstibrl# Onbs sls bc`bkâdbtâs cius bctârlsslct

knvnctnhl lcairl$ pubsqul$ pnr lddls$ sl oncb`lstl al qub$

kncs sic lcslbhclolct$ aictrlkbt iu kâpnssl dn trnkbtbic

adnssbqul# Lt aiool sic dbvrl vn klvlcbr uc onculd kl

oirndl ajrâtblccl$ a(lst alttl oirndl lddl/oçol qul ciusnddics âtukblr lc dub$ rnppriajâl kl quldquls/ucs kl sls

âdâolcts jbstirbquls lt kl sls nctâaâklcts juonbcs#



QNBO NOEUIBQLL[

DN OIUNDL AJUÂ[BLCCL

N\ BPS QBÊADL

AJN]B[UL ]ULOBLU

QNBC[ NOEUIBQL

Klux rnbsics cius bcvbtlct í aioolcalr pnr kbrl al qul `ut

snbct Noeribsl$ tiut lc rnaictnct erbêvlolct ucl jbstibrl kict

ajnauc aiccnãt k(nvncal dls prbcabpnux `nbts# Dn prlobêrl lst

qul d(irbhbcl lt dl anrnatêrl kl citrl nutlur lxpdbqulct lcpnrtbl aldub kl sls âarbts qub cius bctârlssl dl pdus# Dn slaickl

lst qul d(jiool `nbt bab d(bopirtncal kl d(őuvrl# \c nutrl qul

d(âvçqul kl Obdnc löt bobtâ dl trnbtâ W3l< Klvibrs kl Abaâric qul

aldn c(löt pns âtâ dn oçol ajisl$ löt/bd nppirtâ pdus kl tndlct

kncs sic bobtntbic# Qnbct Noeribsl$ qub c(lst pns uc três hrnck

âarbvnbc$ lst$ kncs tiutl dn `iral ku tlrol$ ucl nutirbtâ$ tnct

sic rûdl pidbtbqul lt rldbhblux kiccl í sic lcslbhclolct

oirnd kl rldbl`# Nvnct k(âtukblr alt lcslbhclolct$ âtukbics

kica al rûdl lt alt jiool# q rT



QNBC[ NOEU=B<L#

D(âdlatbic kl Qnbct Åoevibsl# ‛ Qic âkuantbic rionbcl#

D(nccâl 18; bd s(nhbssnbt kl piurvibr í dn vnancal ku sbêhl

ipbsaipnd kl Obdnc# D(âvçqul qub vlcnbt kl oiurbr âtnbt uc

nrblc$ Nuxlcal# A(âtnbt kica piur dls antjidbquls uc sbêhl í

rlaicquârbr$ lt quld sbêhl. Obdnc âtnct dn râsbklcal bopârbndl$

d(loplrlur y âtnbt dl suglt spbrbtuld kl d(âvçqul$ lt cius vlrrics

eblctût tiut al qul aldn plut sbhcb`blr# Aiool râsbklcal bopâ/

rbndl lcairl$ Obdnc nvnbt âtâ dl tjâåtrl kl râalctls duttls tjâi/

dihbquls# Lt dn vbatibrl kl d(irtjikixbl sloednbt c(çtrl pns aio/

pdêtl$ tnct qul dl ajnop kl entnbddl dub âtnbt kbsputâ# D(âdlatbic

olcnènbtk(çtrl

ajnukl# Ic aicsudtn d(loplrlur$qub âtnbt ndirs

Pndlctbcblc >%# D(Âhdbsl pnynbt kâgí pnr kl tlds natls kl kâ`ârlcal

dn pritlatbic kict lddlgiubssnbt# Pndlctbcblc râpickbt nux âviquls

kâdâhuâs vlrs dub qu(uc pnrlbd ajibx âtnbt oblux dlur n``nbrl

qul dn sblccl$ qu(bds c(nvnblct qu(í ajibsbr uc jiool kict dn

vbl oçol `öt uc lcslbhclolct$ lt qul$ qunck bds d(nurnblct

ajibsb$ dub$ onãtrl kl d(lopbrl$ aiurelrnbt dn tçtl klvnct alt

jiool$ rlalvnct sls dlèics aiool uc rloêkl piur sic åol *b #

Pndlctbcblc prlsslctnbt/bd qulddl nutirbtâ nddnbt prlckrl sur dls

loplrlurs dl `utur âviqul kl Obdnc9

Als bcstruatbics âtnblct pdus âdlvâls qul prâabsls# Dls âvçquls

sl obrlct kica í kâdbeârlr# Dl plupdl qub nssbstnbt í dn sâncal$

sâpnrâ pnr uc sbopdl vibdl kl dn pnrtbl kl dn ensbdbqul iò lddl

sl tlcnbt$ kl `nèic í piuvibr `nbrl lctlckrl sls vőux$ dls `nb/

snbt sb eblc lctlckrl qul d(âdlatbic nddnbt tiurclr lc sâkbtbic#

Dl aicsudnbrl sl oictrn ndirs kncs d(âhdbsl piur prâvlcbr tiut

*>" [bbÂiKIUL[$ ddbbb# Laad#$ BP$ 0#



D(ÂDLA[BIC KL QNBC[ NOdbJIdQb7# <

kâsirkrl# A(âtnbt Nrrberibsi# Aiool bd jnrnc/unbt dn ìudl$ uc

lc`nct d(bctlrriopnct arbn 7

Noeribsl âviqul. Dl glucl on/S/bs/

trnt giubssnbt k(uc tld arâkbt$ lt nvnbt$ pnr sic bopnrtbndbtâ$ aic/

qubs kls syopntjbls sb ucncbols qul tius$ nrblcs lt andjidb*buls$

prçts$ bd y n uc bcstnct$ í lc vlcbr nux onbcs$ ùrlct obs k(na/

airk pnr alt lc`nct qu(bds arurlct bcspbrâ$ lt râpâtêrlct lc

ajőur 7 Noeribsl âvçqul . Pndlctbcblc$ aicsudtâ kl ciuvlnu$

‛ anr bd `nddnbt qu(bd aâkåt í d(Âhdbsl uc ìcatbiccnbrl kl d(Âtnt$ ‛sl kâadnrn ìrt sntbs`nbt qul dl su``rnhl ku plupdl lb.bt nbcsb

rntb`bâ uc kl sls ajibx$ lt$ aiool viudnct priuvlr qu(bd aic/

cnbssnbt eblc aldub qub lc nvnbt âtâ d(ieglt 7 « A(lst ucl dbhcl

kribtl$ kbt/bd$ ucl rêhdl bc`dlxbedl {."# ¶

Alplcknct Noeribsl sl kâ`lcknbt# Bd âtnbt prbs í d(boprivbsta$

lt$ jiool í cl pns sl kicclr í oibtbâ$ plut/çtrl jâsbtnbt/bd

klvnct al kic kl dub/oçol qu(ic dub kloncknbt# Bd ajlrajn í

`nbrl kiutlr kl sn gustbal$ kl sn vlrtu$ piur kâtiurclr kl dub

d(lctjiusbnsol pipudnbrl# D(bcstbcat ku plupdl cl sl dnbssn pns

prlckrl í sls `lbctls# D(noiur ku oickl lt kls hrncklurs sâau/

dbêrls qub dub âtnblct priobsls dl rltlcnbt oibcs qul k(jici/

rnedls sarupudls# Bd c(âtnbt pns enptbsâ# A(âtnbt d(usnhl ndirs kl

kb``ârlr dl enptçol# Ir ucl dib kl d(Lhdbsl kâ`lcknbt kl `nbrl

k(uc câipjytl uc âvçqul# Lt eblc pdus tnrk sic bcvidictnbrl

aiopdbabtâ kncs dn vbidntbic kl alttl dib nppnrnãtrn í Noeribsl

aiool uc rloirks *5"# Bd lssnyn kica kl ùbr piur vbvrl kncsucl pblusl sidbtukl# >> s(âhnrn# Ic dl rnolcn lt ic hnrkn í

vul alt âvçqul râ`rnatnbrl# \cl nutrl ìbs$ bd râussbt í nddlr sl

anajlr kncs dn vbddn k(uc nob# Onbs alt nob dl dbvrn# Bd vbt lc`bc

kncs alttl iestbcntbic ku sirt aictrl dub dn onrqul k(uc klsslbc

kl Kblu# ]ubs dn viantbic$ qu(bd c(nvnbt pns viudu sl dnbsslr

bopislr$ nvnbt plu í plu hnhcâ sic aőur# Bd sl rlckbt$ lxbhlnct

sludlolct qul aldub kict bd rlalvrnbt dl enptçol `bbt uc antji/

*>" [jâikirlt$ Jbst# La#aD$ BP$ 8#

*5" Qnbo Noeribsl$ Sp#$ DZbdd$ Hk#



0 QNBC[ NOKUIBQL#

dbqbbl# Jubt giurs nprês sic Dnptûol$ bd âtnbt prçtrl$ pubs nussbtût

âviqul#

Dl ciuvld âviqul kl Obdnc nppnrtlcnbt í [ucl kls hrnckls

`nobddls kl Uiol# Onbs a(âtnbt ucl `nobddl ajrâtblccl$ lt qul

dn plrsâautbic c(nvnbt pns âpnrhcâl# Lddl nvnbt sn snbctl$ dn

vblrhl Qidjlrbs$ kâanpbtâl sius Kbiadâtblc$ kict dl siuvlcbr

sloedl nvibr lxlraâ sur d(íol k(Noeribsl$ lt sur alddl kl sn

sőur$ uc oystbqul nttrnbt *>"# Dl pêrl k(Noeribsl âtnbt prâ`lt

kls Hnudls$ al qub âtnbt ucl kls pdus hrnckls onhbstrnturls kld(lopbrl# Al ùt í [rçvls$ alttl slaickl Uiol$ kbt Nooblc

Onralddbc *5"$ lt prienedlolct lc 1;=$ qu(Noeribsl cnqubt#

Qic pblux ebihrnpjl$ ]nudbc$ rnaictl kl dub al qu(ic rnaictl

kl ]dntic 7 plcknct qu(bd kironbt$ lc`nct$ kncs sic elralnu$

kls nelbddls sl slrnblct hdbssâls kncs sn eiuajl$ pubs lcvidâls

í plrtl kl vul# Lt sic pêrl qub nssbstnbt$ pdus rnvb qu(l``rnyâ$ í

al prikbhl$ y nvnbt vu piur dl pltbt Noeribsl dn priolssl

k(ucl hdirblusl klstbcâl# Als lspârncals pntlrclddls$ qul al

pêrl cl klvnbt pns vibr sl rândbslr$ sict tiut al qul cius

snvics kl dn prlobêrl lc`ncal k(Noeribsl# Bd c(nvnbt qul

quntirzl ncs qunck oiurut sic pêrl 6 lt sn oêrl rlvbct jnebtlr

Uiol nvla dub lt sic `rêrl nãcâ Qntyrl# Qn sőur Onralddbcl$ qul

cius rltriuvlrics nssiabâl í tiutl sn vbl$ dls y nvnbt prâaâkâs

piur sl aicsnarlr í Kblu# Onbs lddl cl klvnbt pibct piur aldn

sl sâpnrlr kls sblcs$ nvla qub lddl aictbculrn kl vbvrl$ lxlrènct

sncs kiutl sur Noeribsl lc`nct alttl nutirbtâ kl kiual aic/

slbddêrl qul pdus tnrk lcairl bd sl pdnãt í dub dnbsslr#

A(lst kncs alttl tlckrl lt pblusl ntoispjêrl qu(bd hrnckbt#

Onbs d(âkuantbic ajrâtblccl kl al tlops c(nvnbt rblc k(âtribt

cb k(lxadusb`$ ku oibcs kncs dls jnutls adnssls kl dn siabâtâ#

Dl ùtur âvçqul lut ucl pnrt kl sic lsprbt ìroâl pnr dls

oçols dlaturls$ plut/çtrl pnr dls oçols onãtrls qul dls `bds

*>" TiTr (Qwyg/NOEUIbsL$ Kl vbrhbcbtnta$ bd$ 12#

*5" N#OOBLC Onralddbc$ ZP#



D(ÂK\AN[BIC UIONBCL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 7

kls klrcblrs hrncks slbhclurs pnélcs# A(lst ucl rlonrqul

encndl qul dls âaidls lt dls prihrnools sict al qub râsbstl dl

oblux nux râvidutbics# ûnck dls Uionbcs ajnchêrlct kl

rldbhbic$ bds cl ajnchêrlct pns piur aldn kl systêol k(âku/

antbic# Dn qulstbic cl s(âtnbt oçol pns pisâl piur dls prloblrs

aicvlrtbs$ qub âtnblct kls juoedls# ûnck lddl sl pisn$ bd c(y

nvnbt pns kl ajibx lctrl pdusblurs âaidls6 bd `nddnbt c(lcviylr

sls lc`ncts cuddl pnrt$ iu dls lcviylr ajlz dls rjâtlurs# Ir dls

olbddlurs ajrâtblcs cl sl râsbhcnblct pns í cl pns kicclr

k(âkuantbic ku tiut í dlurs lc`ncts$ lt bds viudnblct oçolk(nutnct oblux dls nrolr qu(bds nvnblct í aioenttrl piur dlur

ìb# « Bd `nut snvibr eblc pnrdlr piur kâ`lckrl dn vârbtâ$ ¶ kbt

d(jbstirblc Qiarntl *>"# Al pblux nrhuolct âtnbt `nbt piur dlvlr

tius dls sarupudls# Lt dl ajrbstbncbsol s(naaiooikn kl alttl

pâknhihbl pnélccl$ `nbtl kl trnkbtbics kâgí sâaudnbrls$ qul dls

Uionbcs bctrikubsnblct$ nvla dlur nkobcbstrntbic$ kncs tius

dls pnys aicqubs$ lt qub survbvrn í d(lopbrl dub/oçol# D(bkâl

cl vbct qul pdus tnrk$ nux Gârûol lt nux Nuhustbc$ kl hiötlr

dn piâsbl kl d(Larbturl lt kl ajlrajlr pnrob dls prloblrs kâ`lc/

slurs ku ajrbstbncbsol kls oikêdls kl kbndlatbqul lt k(âdiqulcal#

« Knvbk$ kbrn snbct Gârûol$ a(lst citrl ]bcknrl í cius$ citrl

Ndaâl$ citrl Jirnal$ citrl Antuddl$ citrl Qârâcus *5"# ¶ Lt

snbct Nuhustbc âarbrn sic [rnbtâ kl dn Kiatrbcl ajrâtblcclS uc

lssnbkl pâknhihbl

ciuvlddl# Onbs sn râìrol c(neiutbrn pns#

A(âtnbt piur uc trip hrnck cioerl kl ajrâtblcs$ sbcaêrls sncs

`ncntbsol$ ucl aicsidntbic kl c(nvibr pns lu í rioprl nvla kl

ajêrls jnebtukls k(lsprbt# ]ubs dl pntrbitbsol rionbc dub/

oçol y nvnbt triuvâ sic aioptl 7 tiut dl pnssâ c(âtnbt pns

rlcbâ# Nussb dn aicalssbic `nbtl nu pnhncbsol cl put/lddl çtrl

rlprbsl# ‛ Lt vibdí aioolct cis `bds ict nugiurk(jub lcairl

piur prloblr onbtrl Pbrhbdl nu dblu kl Knvbk#

*>" Qiarntl$ BBB$ >0#

*5" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ ZZT#



'¶ QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

Noeribsl ùt kica$ sldic tiutl vrnbsloedncal$ d(âdêvl kl

quldqu(uc kls âoudls k(Nusicl lt kl Dbencbus 6 bd ùt sncs kiutlaldub kl Kicnt$ dl onãtrl kl snbct Gârûol6 glucl jiool nux

oőurs purls oçdâ í als âtukbncts vlcus kl tius dls aibcs ku

oickl rionbc$ lt aictrl dn tureudlcal klsqulds d(loplrlur

Pndlctbcblc B% prbt kl sb sâvêrls lt kl sb obcutblusls prâanu/

tbics *."#‛ Onbs als aictnats lt als aictrnstls c(ict/bds pns

slrvb kl tiut tlops í âpriuvlr lt í ìrolr dls anrnatêrls 9 ‛ Bd

trnkubsbt kica ku hrla$ bd `bt kls vlrs 6 onbs bd npprbt surtiut alt

nrt rionbc lctrl tius$ d(âdiqulcal$ lt alttl sablcal rionbcl

nussb$ dl kribt# O# Rbddlonbc$ ajlrajnct í rltriuvlr kncs dls

âarbts k(Noeribsl sls âtukls$ y kâaiuvrl surtiut d(bc`dulcal

kl [btl/Dbvl lt kl Pbrhbdl *5"# Ngiutics nu oibcs Abaâric# ûnct

í sls âtukls gurbkbquls$ sic nttbtukl lc onbctls abraicstncals$

lt cius kbrbics prlsqul sic anrnatêrl dls kâcicalct# Bd ùt tiutl

sn vbl uc onhbstrnt rionbc#

Qic âkuantbic pidbtbqul sl `bt lcsubtl kncs alttl siabâtâ ob/pnrtbl pnélccl$ ob/pnrtbl ajrâtblccl$ ibb klux slctbolcts

olttnblct lcairl ucl nppnrlcal k(åol aiooucl$ d(nttnajlolct

í d(lopbrl lt dn aic`bncal kncs sls klstbcâls# Bd âtnbt cnturld qul

d(ncablc audtl tãct pdus sidbklolct qu(nbddlurs kncs alttl tlrrl

kl Uiol iò bd nvnbt piussâ kl sb priìckls rnabcls$ lt ibb dl

rlsplat kl dlur priprl pnssâ lcajnãcnbt í dub dls pdus hrnckls

`nobddls# BAt$

aioolbd

nrrbvl siuvlct$ dl vibsbcnhl kl kluxrldbhbics rbvndls$ dibc k(lchlckrlr uc âtnt k(bckb``ârlcal$ nttn/

ajnbt pdus `lrololct ajnauc í dn sblccl# Dn duttl âtnbt vbvl

kncs dl plupdl$ qub priaâknbt í aiups kl sâkbtbics lt k(bcalc/

kbls *1"# Lddl nvnbt prbs kncs dls adnssls âdlvâls ucl ìrol

kbpdiontbqul lt prlsqul aiurtibsl# Kls dblcs kl `nobddl$ dls

ìcatbics puedbquls qu(bds pnrtnhlnblct$ rnppriajnblct dls ajl`s

J"Aik# [jâik#$ ZBP$ 2$>#*5" PbDDLONbC$ Kbih# ucbv# kl @brobc Kbkit#

*1" Nooblc Onralddbc$ ZZPBB#



D(ÂK\AN[BIC UIONBCL KL QNBC[ NO\UIBQL# 2

*(ict dls sidknts s(lctrl/kâajbrnblct# Lt aldn lcairl lst âtlrcld#

‛ A(lst nbcsb qu(Noeribsl kut `nbrl sls kâeuts kncs d(nkobcbs/

trntbic aûtl í aitl nvla sls ùturs nkvlrsnbrls$ lt nvla aldub qub

ùt$ kncs dls abraicstncals oâoirnedls qul cius rnaictlrics$

dlur pritnhicbstl$ Qyoonqul# Nvla aldub/dí oçol bd sloedl

qu(bd nbt lu kls rnppirts pdus âtribts kl snch iu k(nobtbâ$ lt

pdus tnrk dls Qyoonqul c(nurict qul kl eics priaâkâs piur

sic `rêrl Qntyrl *B"# Noeribsl ùt dub nussb sncs kiutl [jòta

kl dlur onbsic$ iò sl triuvnbt râucb tiut al qul alttl vblbddl

siabâtâ pntrbablccl nvnbt k(âdâhncals$ kl trnkbtbics$ kl rbajls/

sls lt k(jicclurs# Bd aiccut alttl vbl tiutl lc kâair

qu(uc kl cis onãtrls n râaloolct kâarbtl k(ucl `nèic bcb/

obtnedl *5"$ lt put aiopnrlr dls pltbtls iedbhntbics oicknbcls

lt alttl ioerl kl rûdl pidbtbqul$ qub su``bsnblct í dn rlopdbr$

nvla dls klvibrs lt dls lspârncals qul dl ajrbstbncbsol nvnbt

nppirtâs#

Lc `nal kl alttl nrbstiarntbl pnélccl$ qub sloedl c(nvibr gltâ

uc klrcblr âadnt qul piur eblctût s(âtlbckrl$ bd y nvnbt í Uiol

ucl nrbstiarntbl ajrâtblccl kict dn `nobddl k(Noeribsl `nbsnbt

lddl/oçol pnrtbl$ lt í dn tçtl kl dnqulddl âtnbt dl prâ`lt ku prâ/

tibrl ]rieus# Al ]rieus âtnbt ucl sirtl kl trnbt k(ucbic vbvnct

lctrl dl pnssâ lt dl prâslct kl Uiol# A(âtnbt uc klsalcknct kl

Onra/Nurêdl$ lt a(âtnbt uc ajrâtblc# Ajlz dub sl rlcaictrnbt tiut

al qub onrqunbt kncs dn gluclssl ajrâtblccl kl al tlops# Dlglucl Gârûol y aiukiyn dl glucl Noeribsl# Bd âtnbt d(bctrikua/

tlur cnturld kl tius dls ajrâtblcs qub nspbrnblct nux ìcatbics

puedbquls# Bd ùt dl pntric k(Noeribsl# Bd dl rlaioonckn í

Pndlctbcblc qub dl cioon aicsudnbrl kl Dbhurbl lt k(Lobdbl#

Noeribsl nvnbt trlctl/tribs ncs# Nprês nvibr kiccâ sls bcstrua/

tbics í sic pritâhâ$ ]rieus dls râsuon lc quldquls pnridls pri/

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl lxalsnu Qnt6)rb$ 15#

*5" EibssbLbb$ Dn {bc kupnhncbsbca$TTy# P$ aj# b#



>= QNBbC[ NOEUIBQL#

pjâtbquls 7 « Pn$ lt aickubs/tib cic aiool bo guhl$ onbs

aiool uc âvçqul *>"# ¶

Dirsqu(bd slrn klvlcu âviqul lc l``lt$ bd hnrklrn d(loprlbctl

kl alttl âkuantbic ìrtlolct rionbcl# Al slrn uc Uionbc pnr

dl aőur$ lt plut/çtrl gusqul kncs sic nttnajlolct piur dl

sbêhl kl Uiol *5"$ aiool kncs aldub kl elnuaiup k(nutrls

ndirs$ y n/t/bd$ sncs qu(bds sl d(nviulct$ dl rlsplat k(uc pnssâ qub

piurtnct c(âtnbt pns ajrâtblc# Uiol$ piur uc Uionbc kl al

tlops$ cl piuvnbt pns c(çtrl qul dn vbddl kl ]blrrl# Dls slctb/olcts k(Noeribsl âadntlct kncs dls abraicstncals kiudiurlusls

qul trnvlrsl sn pntrbl# Qic pntrbitbsol s(ndnronbt$ lc oûol

tlops qul sn ìb$ qunck dls Hitjs$ naaulbddbs lt aicvlrtbs

í d(nrbncbsol pnr d(boprâviynct Pndlcs$ sl trncsìroêrlct

lc lcvnjbsslurs lt kiccêrlct í d(lopbrl$ aiool lc uc

`rbssic$ dl slctbolct kl sn `rnhbdbtâ *1"# Kblu lt d(lopbrl

dub nppnrnbsslct aiool sidbknbrls$ lt$ kncs ucl prbêrl bc/

sbcunctl$ bd s(l`ìral kl aicvnbcarl Kblu dub/oçol kl alttl

sidbknrbtâ *;"#

Qnbct Noeribsl lst lcairl Uionbc pnrdls bkâls# Bd `nbt sblccl

d(bkâl k(lopbrl$ a(lst/í/kbrl k(ucbvlrslddl kiobcntbic$ câl kl

d(irhulbd cntbicnd$ onbs nussb kl dn `nèic syctjâtbqul lt ir/

kiccâl kict uc Uionbc aicèibt tiutls ajisls lt dl oickl#

Onbs bd suestbtul d(Âhdbsl í d(lopbrl$ iu pdutût dls nssiabl d(ucl

í d(nutrl$ prloblr tjâirbablc kl alttl ìrol pidbtbqul iò tnct

kl trnkbtbics vbcrlct sl aicabdblr lt sl ìckrl$ dl snbct lopbrl

rionbc#‛ Bdùdlc`bc uc Uionbcpnrdl anrnatêrl6 cius lctlckics

pnr dí qub_ ùt uc jiool tiut k(ucl pbêal$ cl snajnct pns

`dâajbr$ jnebdl kbpdiontl piurtnct$ lc cl aâknct rblc$ lt pnr dl

slud `nbt kl sic kâsbctârlsslolct âvbklct lt kl sic oâprbs kl

*>" ]nudbc$ Pbl *d(Nojrib3Sl$ =# Pnkl$ åhl$ cic ut guklx$ slkut lpbsaipus#

*56 Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ bd$ ;#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl `bkl$ bd$ >;=#

*;" Bk#$ >;>$ >;5#



QNBC[ NOEUÖBQL JIOOL K%Â[N[# J

tiut knchlr plrsiccld# Bd n dn ìral kl alux qub sict dls slrvb/

tlurs lxadusb`s k(ucl bkâl$ lt kict dl ajlobc lst tiugiurs kribt#

*Gu(bd s(nhbssl k(ucl aicalssbic í `nbrl nu pnhncbsol iu í d(jârâ/

sbl$ ic snbt k(nvncal qulddl slrn sn râpicsl lt ic dn rlkiutl

k(nutnct pdus# Q(bd c(n pns dn sâkuatbic$ bd c(n pns cic pdus dls

bckâabsbics k(uc Hrâhibrl kl Cnzbncal# Bd y n pdusblurs typls

kl vlrtu ajrâtblccl# Noeribsl plrsiccb`bl dl typl rionbc#

Onbs bd lst tlops kl dl vibr í d(őuvrl#

BB

Qnbct Noeribsl jiool k(Âtnt#

Dl glucl âvçqul nvnbt aioolcaâ pnr `nbrl aiccnbssncal nvla

sic âhdbsl$ ‛ anr tld lst$ piur dub$ dl prloblr klvibr k(uc

âvâqul *>"$ ‛ lt nvla dls trnkbtbics hdirblusls kl alttl âhdbsl

qub aioptnbt prlsqul nutnct kl onrtyrs qul k(âvçquls6 pubs

bd nvnbt `nbt aiccnbssncal nvla sls ciuvlddls ìcatbics$ s(bcs/

trubsnct piur bcstrubrl dls nutrls$ lt pnrìbs$ aiool bd dl kbt

dub/oçol nvla oiklstbl$ onãtrl nvnct k(nvibr âtâ kbsabpdl S5"#

\c vblbd nob$ aldub/dí oçol qub d(n enptbsâ lt qub klvnbt dub

suaaâklr$ Qbopdbablc$ sloedl d(nvibr hubkâ kncs sls âtukls

pblusls# « A(âtnbt$ kbrn kl dub snbct Noeribsl$ uc lxalddlct slr/

vbtlur kl Gâsus/Ajrbst$ lt tiutl dn hråal kbvbcl erbddnbt kncs sn

plrsiccl# Dls pdus bcstrubts dl aicsbkârnblct aiool uc snvnct$

lt$ lc vârbtâ$ bd d(âtnbt# ¶ Al snvnct jiool nvnbt uc `nbedl piur

]dntic$ lt bd nkolttnbt qul dn dlaturl kl sls őuvrls pöt prâpnrlr

í alddl kl d(Âvnchbdl# Nussb rltriuvl/t/ic kncs dls âarbts

k(Noeribsl quldquls pnssnhls vbsbedlolct bcspbrâs ku

*>" Qnbct Nojbbibsr$ Lp#$ ZBZ$ 5#

*5" Q#xbC[ NObtbéubsb7$ Kl i``T$ B# ;6 Kt/ snouc#$ PB$ 5=# Kiaubous pri anpdu

cisdri ìrsbtnc quik cic kbkbabcbus#



>5 QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

]Gbaki8b *>"# Kl als prlobêrls nccâls kl d(âpbsaipnt k(Noeribsl

sict sls trnbtâs sur dls Qnarlolcts$ dls Oystêrls$ qu(bd s(lxausl

k(lcslbhclr qunck bd nurnbt lcairl elsibc qu(ic dls dub

lcslbhcåt *5"# Dls slroics oirnux sur dls pntrbnrajls$ tiut

pdlbcs k(nddâhirbls$ sict nussb kl alttl pârbikl *1"#

Onbs al kâeutnct kncs d(âpbsaipnt sl `nbt kâgí kl sic rûdl

k(âvçqul d(bkâl dn pdus jnutl lt dn pdus aiurnhlusl# D(loplrlur

Pndlctbcblc$ surtiut kncs dn klrcbêrl pnrtbl kl sn vbl$ hiuvlrcnbt

í aiups k(lxâautbics lt kl suppdbals# Lt sls sueirkiccâs$ aioola(lst d(irkbcnbrl$ rlcajârbssnblct sur sls arunutâs *;"# D(âvçqul

nkrlssn kls rloictrncals í aldub kict jblr lcairl bd âtnbt dl

ìcatbiccnbrl# Lt d(loplrlur$ k(ucl cnturl lopirtâl alplcknct$

dls naalptn# Qn râpicsl lst ìrt elddl lt jicirl aldub qub dn `bt

aiool aldub í qub lddl ùt `nbtl7 « Gl tl aiccnbssnbs kâgí alttl

bckâplckncal# Gl tl dn aiccnbssnbs$ ltcic sludlolct gl cl ol subs

pns ippisâ í tic irkbcntbic$ onbs gl d(nb nppriuvâl# Lj eblc.

pubsqul cis åols ict pâajâ$ trnbtl/dls aiool dl prlsarbt dn dib

kbvbcl *<"# ¶ A(lst dn prlobêrl$ onbs al c(lst pns dn klrcbêrl

ìbs qu(Noeribsl bopisl nu piuvibr bopârbnd dub/oçol sic

aictrûdl lt sn gurbkbatbic#

Pndlctbcblc cl sut pns tiugiurs nussb eblc sl aictlcbr$ lt bd

pnyn kl sn vbl dn klrcbêrl kl sls aidêrls# Al ùt kncs ucl lctrl/

vul nvla dls ajl`s kls ûnkls# N dn subtl k(ucl saêcl vbidlctl$

bd tioen `rnppâ k(npipdlxbl# D(lopbrl k(Iaabklct$ i``bablddlolct

pnrtnhâ$ rlstn lc `nbt bckbvbs lctrl sls klux `bds# D(nãcâ$ Hrntbic$

nvnbt kbx/slpt ncs# Dl pdus glucl$ Pndlctbcblc$ c(nvnbt qul quntrl

ncs# Qn oêrl Gustbcl$ qub nvnbt râussb í suppdnctlr$ lc dn `nbsnct

Tb" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbcgbcbtkta$ ZPBB$ >=86 Kl eici 88birtbs$ ZBB6

Lp#$TTTT\$ >8#

*5" Qnbct Nouröbsl$ Kl snaruo#$ dna# abt#

*1" Qnbct Nouribsl$ Kl oyst#$ B$ >

*;" NO#OBLC Onralddbc$ ZZPBB$ ZZPBBB lt ZZBZ#

*<" [jâikirlt$ ddbst# Laad#$ BP$ 0#



QNBC[ NOEUIBQL JIOOL K(Â[å[# >1

râpukblr$ dn oêrl Gl Hrntbac$ tlctlrn k(lxlralr dn pnrt kl piuvibr

qub rlvlcnbt í sic `bds$ lt kl dn olttrl nu slrvbal kl dn rldbhbic

nrblccl í dnqulddl lddl nppnrtlcnbt# \c kuld aioolcal lctrl

alttl `lool lt Noeribsl#

Cius c(nssbstics piur dl oiolct qu(nux prloblrs lchn/

hlolcts# Dls nrblcs sl arurlct nsslz `irts piur râadnolr í Hrntblbb

ucl kls ensbdbquls kl Obdnc# A(lst dl aioolcalolct kl d(n``nbrl

kl dn ensbdbqul qub rlvblckrn kncs alttl jbstibrl# Hrntblc$ qub

ktnbt surdls

eirks ku Ujbc$ cl viudut rblc trncajlr í kbs/tncal$ lt `bt olttrl sius sâqulstrl dn ensbdbqul lc dbtbhl# Onbs

k(nutrl pnrt bd onrqunbt clttlolct sls prâ`ârlcals$ lt râtnedbssnbt

d(irkrl kncs dn aiooucbic kl Uiol$ lc âanrtnct dl aiopâtbtlur

ku pnpl Knonsl$ \rsbc# Gustbcl nddnbt í Qbrobuo tlcbr aiur

aictrl aiur$ iuvrbr Lhdbsl aictrl Âhdbsl#

K(nutrls siuabs$ k(nutrls knchlrs$ iò dn rldbhbic k(nbddlurs

âtnbt nussb lchnhâl$ nddnblct `nbrl iuedblr uc bcstnct dls qulrlddls

rldbhblusls# D(lopbrl âtnbt lcvnjb# Alux qub d(lcvnjbssnblct

âtnblct kls Hitjs nuxqulds Pndlcs nvnbt cnévlolct iuvlrt dls

pirtls$ lt a(âtnblct nussb kls nrblcs# Bds âtnblct kica kiuedl/

olbSt dls lcclobs kl d(âvçqul pntrbitl# Bd lxabtl dl glucl lopl/

rlur í onrajlr aictrl lux$ lt$ sur sn klonckl$ dub lcvibl aiool/

vbntbqul piur alttl knchlrlusl lxpâkbtbic uc trnbtâ sur dn @ib#

Onbs$ nvnct qul Hrntblc nbt pu nrrbvlr$ iaaupâ qu(bd âtnbt í vnbcarl

kls Hlronbcs$ dn entnbddl k(Nckrbcipdl âtnbt plrkul$ lt Pndlcsâtnbt oirt# Ic arut qul dl klrcblr oiolct kl d(lopbrl lt ki

tiutls ajisls âtnbt vlcu# « Cius plcajics vlrs dn `bc kls sbêadls$

s(âarbl Noeribsl dub/oçol$ lt a(lst piurquib cius viyics dls

sbhcls prâaurslurs kl d(nhicbl ku oickl *>"# ¶ N dn subtl kl d(bc/

vnsbic âtnblct vlculs lc ld`lt dn plstl$ pubs dn `nobcl# Ic sl

prlssnbt kncs d(âhdbsl# D(âviqul slud kbspisnbt lcairl kl aicsi/

dntbics# Lt bd c(lc triuvl qul kncs dlxanbpdl kl Ciâ$ k(iò uc

*>" Qnbct Nokribsl$ £#rpisb8# Lvnch# sla# Dtbanbc$ Z$ >=#



>; QNBC[ ÅOEUIBQL#

ciuvlnu hlcrl juonbc lst sirtb$ ndirs qu(bd sloednbt qul dl hlcrl

juonbc nddnbt kbspnrnãtrl *>"# Oblux qul tiutgdl rlstl$ alttl aiopn/rnbsic ku tlops prâslct nvla dl kâduhl$ lc hubsl kl aicsidntbic$

oictrl qulddl âtnbt d(âtlckul kls siu``rncals lt kls arnbctls#

Onbs Noeribsl cl sl aictlctl pns k(ucbr sn pdnbctl í dn pdnbctl

ucbvlrslddl# Bd `nbt oblux 7 bd râaicìrtl dls ucs [Âvnchbdl í dn

onbc$ bd slaiurt dls nutrls$ bd rnajêtl tius dls anptb`s qu(bd plut

nvla d(nrhlct qu(bd pissêkl$ pubs bd `nbt ìckrl dls vnsls prâablux

kl sic âhdbsl$ piur lc rnajltlr k(nutrlslcairl#

Bdsl triuvn kls

nrblcs piur dub rlpriajlr alttl pblusl kbdnpbkntbic kl sic trâsir#

Lt als rlpriajls prbrlct nsslz kl aicsbstncal piur qu(bd aröt

klvibr dlur `nbrl ucl dichul râpicsl qub triuvn sn pdnal kncs

dl [rnbtâ kls Klvibrs *5"# ]lcknct al tlops Hrntblc$ lstbonct

nu/klssus kl sls ìrals kl râpnrlr kl tlds kâsnstrls$ lc rl/

olttnbt dl sibc nu slud jiool anpnedl lc l``lt k(y râussbr$ í

[jâikisl# Al ajibx jlurlux âtnbt lc iutrl ucl eiccl natbic#

Anr ic lc vlut k(irkbcnbrl nux hlcs ku ond qu(ic dlur n `nbt$

lt Hrntblc$ ond aicslbddâ pnr Pndlcs$ nvnbt dnbssâ aicknoclr lt

lxâautlr dl pêrl kl [jâikisl$ dl hdirblux pnab`bantlur kl d(N`rb/

qul# [jâikisl s(jicirn í sic tiurlc pnr kiccnct lt lc naalptnct#

Qls prloblrs suaaês ùrlct tlds qul Hrntblc dub nenckiccn hâcâ/

rluslolct alt lopbrl k(Irblct qu(bd nvnbt su kâ`lckrl lt rlprlckrl#

Ndirs aioolcalct piur d(Iaabklct quldquls nccâls kl trnc/

qubddbtâ rldntbvl kict Noeribsl vn pri`btlr# D(loplrlur Hrntblcqub$ kl dibc$ s(âtnbt kâgí `nbt sic âdêvl$ vbct lc`bc râsbklr í Obdnc$

k(iò dnhulrrl d(nvnbtgusqu(ndirs âdibhcâ# D(bc`dulcal k(Noeribsl

sur alt lsprbt kribt lt kiabdl hrnckbt kl giur lc giur$ gusqu(í

lxabtlr dn gndiusbl kls aiurtbsncs# \cl sârbl kl olsurls dâhbsdn/

tbvls$ kict dls kntls sl subvlct kl prês$ dn râvêdlct *1"# Lc`bc$ uc

elnu giur$ Hrntblc `nbt lcdlvlr kl dn snddl kls sâncals ku Qâcnt

*>" Qnbct Nokribsl$ Kl dSil lt nraå#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ BB$ 5:#

*1" Lddls sict rldntâls pnr Enucnrk$ Jbstibrl kl snbct Noeribsl$ p# >5;#



QNBC[ NOEUIBQL JIOOL K(Â[N[# ><

d(nutld kl dn Pbatibrl qub$ klpubs Nuhustl$ prâsbknbt nux kâdbeâ/

rntbics$ lt dlur bopisnbt onbctlcnct lcairl d(nppnrlcal kl sn

pritlatbic# A(âtnbt dn kâajâncal i``bablddl kl d(ncablc audtl# Bd y

lut hrnck âoib pnrob dls sâcntlurs pnélcs# Bds râkbhêrlct ucl

pritlstntbic lt dn pirtêrlct í Obdnc# Bds cl purlct oûol ietlcbr

ucl nukblcal# Cius dls vlrrics rlvlcbr í dn ajnrhl$ ‛ Plrs dn

oçol âpiqul$ Hrntblc lcdlvnbt nux vlstndls lt nux prçtrls pnélcs

ucl pnrtbl kl dlurs kitntbics# A(âtnbt dn sâpnrntbic kl d(Lhdbsl

pnélccl lt kl d(Ltnt$ pnr vibl eukhâtnbrl alttl ìbs#

‛Dls jârâ/

tbquls cSnvnblct pns pdus í sl diulr ku ciuvlnu râhbol qul dls

pnélcs# Kl sic priprl oiuvlolct$ d(loplrlur `bt lc l``lt rl/

olttrl í Noeribsl dls adl`s kl dn ensbdbqul kbsputâl nutrlìbs

nux antjidbquls pnr dls nrblcs$ privbsibrlolct `lroâl nux ucs lt

nux nutrls *>"# ‛ Pibdí lchnhâs aictrl dls pnélcs lt aictrl dls

nrblcs dls klux hrncks aic`dbts qub iaauplrict ucl pnrtbl kl dn

vblk(Noeribsl#

Alttl nssiabntbic âtribtl kl [loplrlur lt kl d(âvçqul kurn

tribs nccâls$ prlobêrl lsqubssl k(ucl ìrol kl hiuvlrclolct

qul d(jbstibrl oûol kl snbct Noeribsl vn cius `nbrl rltriuvlr

tiut í d(jlurl nvla pdus kl rldbl`$ lt kict dl siuvlcbr lst rlstâ

ajlr í d(Âhdbsl# Gnonbs$ k(nbddlurs$ [bkâl cl vbct í Noeribsl$ pns

pdus qu(í nuauc hrnck ajrâtblc kl al tlops$ k(uslé( ku piuvibr

gusqu(í vbidlctlr kls aicsablcals lt nrrnajlr kls aicvlrsbics#

D(Âhdbsl ku bv' sbêadl qub n ku hiötpiur d(nutirbtâ c(lc n pns lcairlpiur dn plrsâautbic# Aiool s(bd lc prâviynbt dl knchlr tiutlìbs$

Noeribsl âtnedbt clttlolct sn kiatrbcl lc s(nkrlssnct í Hrntblc 7

« A(lst ucl natbic oirndl qu(bd `nut lxlralr 6 bd `nut oictrlr

nux hlcs dlurs vrnbs bctârçts### Cius cl viudics pns vnbcarl$

onbs huârbr### Qiuvlct dn ajnrbtâ trbiopjl kl alux qul c(löt

pu `nbrl aâklr cb dn ìral$ cb dn rnbsic *5"# ¶ Alttl pripnhnckl pnr

dn ajnrbtâ lst alddl qub aicvblct í ucl rldbhbic kl ajnrbtâ# Lddl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Qpbrbtu sncati$ B$ 5>#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl `bkl$ BB$ :2#



>0 QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

âtnbt nussb alddl qub aicvlcnbt í d(íol k(Noeribsl$ kict cius

kbrics tiut í d(jlurl qul d(lsprbt kl hiuvlrclolct s(y rlcaictrnbt

nvla kls qundbtâs k(uc tiut nutrl irkrl# Onbs pnrdics lcairl kl

alt lsprbt kl hiuvlrclolct#

>> cl su``bt pns í Noeribsl kl olttrl kl d(irkrl kncs dls n``nb/

rls kl dn rldbhbic qub kâplcklct booâkbntlolct kl dub# Bd y

nvnbt kls aic`dbts pdus dibctnbcs kict dn ajrâtblctâ siu``rnbt# Qius

rbcspbrntbic k(Noeribsl *b"$ Hrntblc aicviqul dls âvêquls kl

Hnudl lt kdtndbl í Nqubdâl# Onbs dl aicabdl k(Nqubdâl oncqunbt

kl aiopâtlcal lt k(nutirbtâ piur kbsautlr dls n``nbrls plcknctls

lc Irblct# Noeribsl lut d(bkâl k(uc aicabdl hâcârnd# Bd klonckl

nux loplrlurs kl dl râucbr í Ndlxnckrbl$ pubs í Uiol# BD lspêrl

qu(bd lc sirtbrn uc naairk ucbvlrsld sur dls jiools lt sur

dls kiatrbcls# Lt bd cl dub kâpdnãt pns$ quibqu(bd `nssl tiut piur

oâcnhlr dls susalptbebdbtâs kls âviquls irblctnux$ qul alt na/

airk sibt salddâ í Uiol oçol# Alux/ab c(lc kâadbclct pns oibcs

d(bcvbtntbic$ lt bd cl sl tbct í Uiol qu(ucl râucbic k(âvçquas í

dnqulddl ucl ondnkbl k(Noeribsl ûtn ucl pnrtbl kl sic bopir/

tncal# Dl sajbsol kl @Irblct s(nccical kncs als klrcblrs

âvâclolcts$ lt d(nutirbtâ kl citrl âvçqul n plbcl í rnyicclr

nu kldí kls pnys dntbcs# Dí ku oibcs lddl lst tlddl qul snbct Gâ/

rûol n pu âarbrl als klux dbhcls k(ucl âdiqulctl sâajlrlssl 7

« Nprês dn oirt k(Nuxlcal$ Noeribsl nynct âtâ `nbt âvçqul kl

Obdnc$ tiutl d(Btndbl sl rnchln í dn vrnbl `ib *5"# ¶

Nu obdblu kl alttl prispârbtâ ucl râvidtl âadntn# Dl hâcârnd

Onxbol$ priadnoâ loplrlur pnr dls triupls kl Hrnckl/Erltnhcl$

nvnbt pnssâ dn olr# Hrntblc aiurut nu/klvnct kl d(usurpntlur#

Dls klux nroâls sl rlcaictrêrlct kncs dn pdnbcl kl ]nrbs# Onbs

bd c(y lut pibct kl aioent# Dls triupls kl Hrntblc prbrlct pnrtb

aictrl dub$ lt dl ondjlurlux loplrlur s(lc`ubt gusqu(í Dyic$ iò

uc trnãtrl d(nssnssbcn# Lc oiurnct bd nppldnbt Noeribsl í sic

*>" Hlstn Aica(kbb Nqubd#$ ;$ kncs dls ŕuvrls kl snbct Noeribsl#

*5" Qnbo Gârûol$ lx Ajricba$ Hrnt# BBB lt Lqubt# aiss#



QNBC[ N#OboIBQF JIOOL K(Â[N[# J

slaiurs *d(#Noeb(ibsl pdlurn alt loplrlur ki eiccl vidictâ$ bd dl

pdlurn sbcaêrlolct$ ucbssnct ò sn pntlrclddl kiudlur alddl kl

d(Âhdbsl qub nvnbt plrku dl `bkêdl nppub sur dlquld lddl nvnbt kâgí

prbs d(jnebtukl kl aioptlr *5"# [iut lc l``lt nddnbt eblctût çtrl

rlobs lc qulstbic kl sls râalctls aicquçtls#

Onbs$ piur dl oiolct$ Noeribsl nppnrnãt hrnckb lcairl nu

obdblu kl d(l``rib ucbvlrsld# [ius dls rlhnrks sl tiurclct vlrs

dub aiool vlrs dl slud piuvibr qub sibt rlstâ kleiut# Gustbcl

lddl/oçol vblct í Obdnc dub rlolttrl dls bctârçts kl sic `bds Pn/dlctbcblc$ piur dl trûcl kuquld lddl n tiut dblu kl trloedlr#

« Gl t(nb rlaulbddb tiut pltbt$ kbsnbt/bd pdustnrk í Pndlctbcblc6 dls

onbcs kl tn oêrl tl aic`bêrlct nux oblccls$ lt gl t(nb slrrâ

aictrl oib *1"# ¶ Bd c(âtnbt pdus dl pritâhâ kl d(lopbrl$ bd lc âtnbt

dl pritlatlur# Cius siools í uc kl als oiolcts kl d(jbstibrl

iò quldqul ajisl kl ciuvlnu aioolcal# A(lst dn prlobêrl ìbs

qu(uc âvçqul giul iuvlrtlolct uc rûdl pidbtbqul# ‛ @irt kl

sic slud prlstbhl lt kl sn sludl nutirbtâ oirndl$ Noeribsl pnr/

tbt lc noenssnkl í [rçvls# Bd s(nhbssnbt k(nrrçtlr Onxbol nu ob/

dblu kl sn vbatibrl$ lt k(ietlcbr kl dub qu(bd sl aictlctåt kls

Hnudls$ dnbssnct d(Btndbl í Pndlctbcblc# Onxbol nvnbt alttl prâ/

tlctbic qul Gustbcl lt sic `bds vbcsslct lc plrsiccl bopdirlr

ucl eblcvlbddncal qul k(nbddlurs bd dlur priolttnbt# Lt bd nvnbt kl

sic aûtâ lcviyâ pirtlr í Obdnc als âtrnchls pripisbtbics# No/

eribsl lut dl aiurnhl kl rlstlr í [rçvls$ ib.b$ k(noenssnklur$ bd

piuvnbt k(uc giur í d(nutrl klvlcbr itnhl$ gusqu(í al qul `öt nr/

rbvâl dn râpicsl kl Gustbcl# Als kâdnbs ùrlct dl sndut kl alux

qu(bd viudnbt snuvlr# Dirsqul Onxbol npprbt qu(lc Btndbl ic nvnbt

lu dl tlops kl sl prâpnrlr í dn râsbstncal$ lt qu(bd nurnbt plut/

çtrl n``nbrl í [jâikisl lc oçol tlops qu(í Pndlctbcblc$ bd ùt

trip jlurlux kl trnbtlr# ]dus tnrk bd rlpriajn í Noeribsl kl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl ijbtu Pndlcdbxucbb$ 8=#

*5" Gk#$ 0#

*1" Bk#$ 5:#

\cbvlrsbtâ kl Dyix# ‛ Pbdd# N# 5



>: QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

dnvibr giul *>"# D(lxprlssbic âtnbt bopriprl# Noeribsa c(nvnbt

nhb sur Bcbqul pnr dl splatnadl kl sn kbhcbtâ lt kl sic snch/`ribk#

BBB

Dn duttl aictrl dls pnélcs lt aictrl dls nrblcs#

Kl rltiur í Obdnc$ bd nddnbt rlcaictrlr k(nutrls nkvlrsnbrls#

Ic nvnbt tåajâ kl olttrl í pri`bt sic neslcal# Ub/lc cl priuvl

oblux k(nbddlurs qulddl pubssncal bd âtnbt$ qunck bd âtnbt dí# Dls

pnélcs rldlvnblct dn têtl klpubs dn oirt kl Hrntblc# ]lu s(lc âtnbt

`nddu qu(bds c(lctrnsslct lc aiqulttlrbl nvla Onxbol# Bds aiop/

tnblct nu oibcs sur dn obcirbtâ kl Rndlctbcblc lt sur d(âdibhcl/

olct k(Noeribsl piur ietlcbr hnbc kl anusl kncs d(n``nbrl kl

d(nutld kl dn Pbatibrl# Klpubs quldqul tlops kâgí alt nutld nvnbt

ucl klstbcâl nhbtâl# Bd nvnbt âtâ lcdlvâ pnr Aicstncal$ râtnedb pnr

Gudblc$ tidârâ pnrRndlctbcblc B%$ lt kl ciuvlnu lcdlvâ pnr Hrntblc

qub c(nvnbt oçol pns viudu lctlckrl dls râadnontbics kl dn

pnrtbl pnélccl ku Qâcnt# Alttl `ibs dl sbêhl `ut eblc olcâ# Dls

pnélcs nvnblct hnhcâ$ pnr ucl rlquçtl jnebdlolct prâslctâl$ dls

oloerls ku aicsbstibrl$ sirtl kl aicslbd prbvâ kl d(loplrlur$

lt dls nvnblct nolcâs í plcslr qul alttl aicalssbic âtnbt kul nu

Qâcnt kl Uiol# #Cud kiutl qu(uc loplrlur kl quntirzl ncs cl

sl aictlctåt kl sncatbicclr dls kâabsbics kl sic aicslbd# ‛ No/

eribsl nrrbvl í tlops# Bd klonckl aiooucbantbic kl dn pâtbtbic

ku Qâcnt qu(ic nvnbt viudu olttrl í d(nerb kl sls ieglatbics$ lc

cl dn dub oictrnct pibct# Lt k(nvncal bd aicadut 7 « Qb d(lopl/

rlur râtnedbt d(nutld kls bkidls$ d(nutld kl Kblu cl viukrn pdus kl

dub# Bd cl triuvlrn pns kl prçtrl kncs d(âhdbsl$ iu c(lc triuvlrn

qul piur dub lc kâ`lckrl d(lctrâl# ¶ \c pubssnct oiylc kl hiu/

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ ZZBP$ ;#



DT D\[[L AIC[UL DLQ ]NÉLCQ# >2

vlrclolct$ kict Noeribsl uslrn$ lst bckbqul adncs alttl olcnal#

Nvla dn aicsablcal kl d(loplrlur$ a(lst d(lopbrl lctblr *Vub kâ/

plck kl d(âviqul# Ic `bt kribt í dn klonckl k(Noeribsl# >> rltSut

aiooucbantbic kl als nrhuolcts snvnoolct nhlcaâs lt qub

nvnblct ipârâ ucl tlddl sâkuatbic sur d(lctiurnhl kl d(lopl/

rlur# Bd y râpickbt nvla nutnct k(nrt qul k(lopirtlolct lt

kl suplrel kâknbc# D(ipbcbic ku aicsbstibrl$ kâabkâolct nsslz

oiebdl$ ùt rltiurcâl# ûnct í d(loplrlur qul d(âvlqul nvnbt

jnebdlolct suppdbâ kl cl pns kâ`nbrl al qul sic `rêrl nvnbt `nbt$

bd nvnbt kâgí aicknocâ dls pnélcs lt dlur nutld#

A(âtnbt uc lc`nct qul dls jnsnrks kl d(jbstibrl nvnblct nppldâ í

pricicalr al guhlolct qub onrqunbt dl kbviral brrâvianedl kl

d(lopbrl lt ku pnhncbsol# Anr dn duttl lchnhâl nutiur kl d(nutld

kl dn Pbatibrl nvnbt al slcs pdus âdlvâ# Krlssâ lc pdlbc Qâcnt$

iò bd plrpâtunbt ucl sirtl kl pnhncbsol i``babld$ alt nutld âtnbt

vrnbolct uc ncnajricbsol# Onbs alt ncnajricbsollctrltlcnbt

dls bddusbics kl alux qub rlhrlttnblct dl pnssâ$ lt$ pnr d(najnrcl/

olct kl dlurs pritlstntbics$ bds kiccêrlct lux/oçols kl d(bopir/

tncal í dlur kâ`nbtl# A(lst uc kls jicclurs kl dn anrrbêrl sb

pdlbcl k(Noeribsl k(nvibr$ kncs al hrnck kâent$ rlprâslctâ dl

ajrbstbncbsol# Dl Qâcnt$ kl sic aûtâ$ s(âtnbt `nbt rlprâslctlr pnr

al Qyoonqul$ kict cius nvics kâgí pnrdâ$ lsprbt sb olsurâ

qu(ucl rlquçtl pnssnct pnr sn eiuajl sloednbt nvibr dl eic

kribt piur lddl# Ic n siuvlct aiopnrâ d(uc í d(nutrl dlurs klux

pdnbkiylrs# Aldub kl Qyoonqul lst pdus nankâobqul$ pdus

purlolct abaâricblc# Onbs ic y slct ucl aicvbatbic oiddl$ alddl

qul d(ic olt í pdnbklr dls anusls plrkuls# D(nrklur kl sn ìb

rlck snbct Noeribsl âdiqulct k(ucl âdiqulcal eblc kbddârlctl kl

alddl kl sic nkvlrsnbrl# Qyoonqul nvnbt râadnoâ$ lc oçoltlops qul dl râtnedbsslolct kl d(nutld kl dn Pbatibrl$ dn rlstbtu/

tbic kl alrtnbcs eblcs/ìcks klstbcâs í lctrltlcbr dls Plstndls lt

k(nutrls prçtrls pnélcs# Qnbct Noeribsl pnrt kl dí piur ippislr

í als prçtrls olralcnbrls dl kâsbctârlsslolct kls prçtrls ajrâ/



5= QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

tblcs7 « Citrl rbajlssl í cius$ a(lst citrl ìb 6### al qub lst írÂhbbsl lst nux pnuvrls# ¶ Lt í als rnrls Plstndls kict dn vbr/

hbcbtâ privbsibrl rlvblct sb ajlr í d(Ltnt$ bd aiopnrl lc uc elnu

oiuvlolct als bccioernedls vblrhls ajrâtblccls$ alttl obdbal

kl dn puklur *pdrelo pukiã(bs"$ qub c(ict í nttlckrl cb jicclurs$

cb rbajlssls$ lt kict dls vőux sict âtlrclds# Bd dub `nut pdus

k(nrt piur kâoictrlr í Qyoonqul qul$ ondhrâ sls nbrs kl

oikârntbic$ lt dn eblcvlbddncal qul sic kbdlttnctbsol rldbhblux

tâoibhcl í tius dls audtls$ bd râadnol lc rândbtâ piur dl sblc uc

prbvbdêhl# ]iurquib dl pnhncbsol lc l``lt slrnbt/bd dn rldbhbic

i``bablddl ku Qâcnt iò sbêhlct tnct kl ajrâtblcs9 ]nr rlsplat

piur dl pnssâ9 Onbs qu(lst/al qul dl pnssâ n kl sb rlsplatnedl$

lc tnct qul pnssâ9 \c tld rlsplat cius rnoêclrnbt$ sb cius

âtbics dihbquls$ cic sludlolct nu pnhncbsol$ onbs í dn enr/

enrbl$ onbs nu ajnis# Noeribsl sloednbt kica cl rlvlckbqulr

bab qul d(âhndbtâ kls audtls klvnct dn dib$ lt dl kribt nu prihrês#

Als klrcblrs nrhuolcts ùrlct sncs kiutl alux qub `brlct dl

pdus k(boprlssbic sur dls pidbtbquls ku aicsbstibrl bopârbnd$ qub

nvnblct aru k(neirk `nbrl natl k(âqubtâ lt kl dbeârndbsol lc

bcadbcnct ku aitâ ku Qâcnt *>"$

Dl Qâcnt cl sl tbct pns piur kâ`bcbtbvlolct enttu# >> pirtn

pdus tnrk d(n``nbrl klvnct [jâikisl$ plcknct sic prloblr sâgiur

lc Btndbl$ pubs lc nppldn kl Pndlctbcblc lc`nct í Rndlctbcblcpdus åhâ# Bd `bt ucl tlctntbvl prês kl d(usurpntlur Luhêcl$ onbs

kict dl suaaês ùt âpjâoêrl aiool al rêhcl# Bd c(lst pns bopis/

sbedl lc`bc qu(Jicirbus nbt lu í suebr kl suprçols siddbabtn/

tbics *5"# Dls lspârncals ku Qâcnt cl prbrlct `bcqu(nylad(lopbrl

*>" Pibr sur alttl n`[nbrl kl d(nutld kl dn Pbatibrl 7 Pbddlonbc$ D(âdiqulcal

ajrâtblccl nu bv« sbêadl$ Qyoonqul lt Noeribsl 6 Eldhcit$ Jbstibrl kl dn

klstruatbic ku pnhncbsol$ ># PBBB$ adb# vb 6 ]blabb$ ]rukacrl$ aj# o$ /56 lt sur/

tiut EibssbLU$ Dn `bc ku pnhncbsol$ B# PB$ aj# b#

*5" Pibr sur al priedêol jbstirbqul dn kbsaussbic kl O# ]dlabb$ ]ruklcal

# >2H#



DN D\[[L AIC[UL DLQ NOBLCQ# 5>

dub/oçol# Adltta tâcnabtâ onddblurlusl dub d(nbt jicclur$ onbs bd

vlcnbt kl suebr ucl kl als kâ`nbtls qub cl sl râpnrlct pibct# ‛Dn rlquçtl kl Qyoonqul nvnbt ku oibcs rlcku al slrvbal nu#v

klrcblrs pnélcs kl dlur priaurlr$ nvla uc tbobkl arlki qub dls

rnddbåt lt ucl iaansbic kl oncb`lstlr$ quldquls bddusbics sur

dlur vbtndbtâ# ûnct í dn râpicsl k(Noeribsl$ lddl lut uc tl/

rltlctbsslolct qul ]ruklcal lc `bt dl tjêol k(uc kl sls olbdd

dlurs piêols# Bd cl `nut pns aribrl lc l``lt qu(lddl c(nvnbt âtâ

qu(ucl ìrondbtâ$ lt

qu(Noeribslc(nbt

lubab

qul dn trbstl hdibrlk(najlvlr kls vnbcaus# Nbcsb siools/cius tlctâs kl guhlr dls

ajisls í kbstncal$ qunck dls âvâclolcts sict naaiopdbs# Onbs

a(lst `nbrl dls pnélcs vnbcaus nvnct qu(bds cl dl siblct râlddlolct#

Als vnbcaus nvnblct âtâ sur dl pibct kl trbiopjlr$ cius d(nvics

kbt# O# Eluhcit âcuoêrl tiutls dls ajncals qu(bds nvnblct piur

lux$ lt c(nttrbeul dlur kâ`nbtl qu(í d(âclrhbqul bctlrvlctbic

k(Noeribsl# Nussb npplddl/t/bd alttl entnbddl hnhcâl d(őuvrl kl

dn vbl k(Noeribsl#

[iutl sn vbl cl tblct pns piurtnct kncs alttl duttl aictrl dls

pnélcs# Nprês lux$ vibab qu(bd n n``nbrl nux nrblcs# Klpubs dn

oirt klHrntblc$ Gustbcl s(âtnbt bcstnddâl í Obdnc$ lt lddl viudnbt

y bcstnddlr nvla lddl dn rldbhbic nrblccl# Lddl nvnbt kâgí iuedbâ

pnr qub lddl lt sic `bds vlcnblct k(çtrl snuvâs# Lddl nolcn dl

aicsbstibrl í nttrbeulr nux nrblcs ucl ensbdbqul$ ‛ bds lc râadn/

onblct ucl klpubs dichtlops$ ‛ lt `bt ajibx piur lux kl dn

ensbdbqul [irtblccl# >> `nddnbt prâvlcbr d(âvçqul 6 bd ùt onckâ

nu pndnbs# ]lcknct qu(bd aictlstl `bêrlolct í d(loplrlur dl

kribt nuquld bd prâtlck sur dn onbsic kl Kblu$ dl plupdl$ qub

prlsslctuc knchlr piur sic âvçqul$ lctiurl dl pndnbs lt klvblct

sb olcnènct qul Gustbcl sl olt lcairl ucl ìbs sius dn pritla/

tbic k(Noeribsl# Lddl d(nutirbsl í priolttrl nux antjidbquls

qu(nuaucl ensbdbqul cl dlur slrn lcdlvâl# Onbs$ *gunck alttl pri/

olssl lut tiut `nbt rlctrlr kncsd(irkrl$ lddl s(lc prbt íNoeribsa

kl d(âolutl qu(bd nvnbt andoâl$ lt prâpnrn sn rlvncajl#



55 QNBC[ NOboIBQL#

\c oibs nprês$ ic rladnon í Noeribsl cic pdus dn ensbdbqul

]irtbiccl$ qub ltnbtsbtuâl jirs *Gisours$onbsdn ensbdbqul Cluvl$

elnuaiup pdus bopirtnctl# Qn râpicsl ùt qul dl prçtrl cl piu/

vnbt dbvrlr dl tlopdl kl Kblu *>"# Dl dlcklonbc$ aiool dn râsbs/

tncal pipudnbrl hricknbt kâgí$ dl prâ`lt kl dn vbddl `bt snvibr í

Noeribsl qul dn aiur sl aictlctlrnbt kâabkâolct kl dn ensbdbqul

]irtblccl# Ic trncsbhlnbt# Ic nvnbt klonckâ dl pdus piur nvibr

dl oibcs# Onuvnbs oiylc k(l``rnylr Noeribsl$ s(bd nvnbt pu

çtrl l``rnyâ# Dl dlcklonbc lcairl$ qub âtnbt dl giur klsUnolnux$dirsqu(ic dub nccicèn qul dn aiur prlcnbt i``babld dlo$lct pisslssbic

kldnensbdbqul ]irtblccl$ bd dnbssn dl plupdl y aiurbr$ lt aictbcun

bopnssbedl dl snarb`bal qub âtnbt aioolcaâ# Al aic`dbt d(l``rnyl

alplcknct piurdn vbddl qu(bd nbol$ piur d(Btndbl *5"# û(ic lc `bcbssl

kica lc sl vlchlnct sur dub$ sur sls eblcs qu(bd cl kbsputlrn pns$

sur sn plrsiccl qu(bd i``rl giyluslolct í dn oirt *#1"# ‛ Bopubs/

snctl aictrl uctld

jiool$ Gustbcl viudutnhbr

surdl plupdl qub

prlcnbt pnrtb piur dub$ lc d(bctbobknct pnr kls vlxntbics lt kls

olcnals# Lddl s(y bchâcbn bcutbdlolct plcknct tribs giurs# Ndirs

dn triupl ùt lcviyâl í dn ìbsaictrl dls klux ensbdbquls# Noeribsl

qub$ piur âvbtlr kl pnrnãtrl aickubrl iu bcspbrlr d(âolutl *;"$

c(i``babnbt cb kncs d(ucl cb kncs d(nutrl$ onbs kncs ucl ajnplddl

nenckiccâl$ kâadnrn sbopdlolct qu(bd rltrncajlrnbt kl sn aio/

oucbic dls sidknts aiopdbals kl alttl vbidlcal# Eblctût ic lctlc/

kbt uc erubt k(nrols$ lticarutíucnssnut# Kls sidknts lctrnblct

lc l``lt kncs d(âhdbsl iò âtnbt Noeribsl$ onbs a(âtnbt piur prblr

nvla dub# Dn olcnal kl d(âvçqul nvnbt âtâ pdus ìrtl qul tius dls

irkrls kl d(loplrlur# Kls klux piuvibrs$ a(lst dl piuvibr oirnd

qub nvnbt vnbcau# ûl sb ic naausl al piuvibr ciuvlnu k(çtrl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ ZZ$ 5$ [lopduo Klb n snalrkita Brnkb cic

pissl#*5" O#$ 2#

*1" Bk#$ :$

*;" Bk#$ 55$ [rnklrl ensbdbano cic pissuo$ slk puhcnrl cic kleli#



D#T D\[[L AI#C[UF DLQ NB\L#CQ# 51

lxirebtnct lt dyrnccbqua$ Noeribsl râpick pnr dl oit kl

d(npitrl 7 A(lst dirsqul gl subs `nbedl qul gl subs ìrt# « Dntyrnccbl ku prçtrl$ a(lst sn `nbedlssl *>"# ¶ @nbedlssl klvnct

jugulddl dn ìral kut aâklr# D(loplrlur$ quibqul kl onuvnbsl

hråal$ rltbrn sls triupls kl dn ensbdbqul# A(âtnbt dbcb piur alttl

ìbs# Onbs Noeribsl aioprbt qul dls jistbdbtâs c(âtnblct qul

susplckuls *5"#

Lddls ùrlct rlprbsls nu eiut k(uc nc# Aictrl uc âviqul gurbs/

aicsudtl bd `nddnbt nvibr dn dib piur sib# Ic dbt kica ucl dib# dIddl

naairknbt spâabndlolct dn dbelrtâ ku audtl í alux qub siusarbvnblct

í dn ìroudl ku aicabdl kl Ubobcb# Alttl pârbpjrnsl kâsbhcnbt

dls nrblcs# ]ubs lddl olcnènbt kl oirt alux qub lctrnvlrnblct

alttl dbelrtâ# Alttl olcnal vbsnbt Noeribsl# Lc lxâautbic kl

alttl dib$ dn ensbdbqul ]irtblccl klvnbt çtrl rlobsl nux nrblcs#

Dn sbtuntbic âtnbt pdus kâdbantl piur Noeribsl prbs lctrl ucl dib

ìrolddl kl d(lopbrl lt al qu(bd aicsbkârnbt aiool sic klvibr

k(âvêqul# Bd c(lc plrsbstl pns oibcs kncs sic nttbtukl 7 « Lcrâpicknct qul gl cl pubs dbvrlr d(jârbtnhl klGâsus/Ajrbst$ gl`nbs

oic klvibr kl prçtrl6 qul d(loplrlur `nssl sic klvibr k(lopl/

rlur *1"# ¶ A(lst ndirs qu(bd ùt bcvbtâ í qubttlr dn vbddl# «Nddlz iò

vius viukrlz$ ¶ dub âtnbt/bd kbt# Ic viudnbt sl kâenrrnsslr kl dub6

ic c(nddnbt pns gusqu(í d(lxbdlr# SCdnbs dub löt aru kâslrtlr lc sl

prçtnct í al aiopriobs# Bd nttlckbt uc irkrl pdus ìrold qub cl

vbct pns# Qls rnppirts nvla dn aiur lc âtnblct í al pibctqu(Noeribsl lut dn vbsbic ku onrtyrl$ kict d(Lhdbsl c(âtnbt pns

lcairl kâsjnebtuâl# Bd dl viynbt vlcbr nvla aictlctlolct$ lt al

ùt uc rlhrlt pdus tnrk piur dub k(lc nvibr âtâ sb prês sncs d(nvibr

ietlcu *;"$ BOnbs dl plupdl cl d(lctlcknbt pns nbcsb# Lc vnbc

Noeribsl suppdbl qu(ic dl dnbssl slud lc `nal k(uc knchlr qub cl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Lp#$ ZZ$ 51$ [yrnccbs snalcditbs bbbdbrcbbtns lst#

*5" Bk#$ 58#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Qaroi aictrn Nuxacbbuo$ >:#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ ZZZB$ ;#



5; QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

dub kâpdnãt pns *>"# d(iur oblux pritâhlr sic âviqul aictrl dls

lctrlprbsls qu(bd siupèiccl$ dl plupdl s(lc`lrol kncs dn ensb/

dbqul$ lt y pnssl dls giurs lt dls cubts$ siutlcnct uc vrnb

sbêhl#

Ndnaiuriconcqunb` k(nuknal$ sbcickl onuvnbsls bctlctbics#

Lt piur lc `bcbr sncs rlaudlr$ ic `bt prblr Noeribsl kl vlcbr aic`â/

rlr nvla d(âvêqul nrblc klvnct d(loplrlur# Ic cioolrnbt kls

nrebtrls# 1> `nut vibr kl quld tic Noeribsl rlpiussl alttl pri/

pisbtbic#Kls dnéquls guhls k(uc âvêqul lc ontbêrl kl ìb.

]ubs s(lc prlcnct í d(loplrlur oçol kict dls kâsbrs klvblckrict

dls guhlolcts kl als nrebtrls slrvãtls 7 « ûnck bd s(nhbt k(ucl

qulstbic kl ìb$ a(lst d(âvêqul qub lst dl guhl kl d(loplrlur

ajrâtblc$ lt cic d(loplrlur kl d(âvêqul *5"# ¶ Lc`bc bd oictl lc

ajnbrl lt y n``brol kl ciuvlnu dn oçol kiatrbcl 7 « D(loplrlur

lst kncs d(Âhdbsl lt cic nu/klssus k(lddl *1"# ¶ Lst/bd elsibc kl `nbrl

rlonrqulr qulddl aicalptbic kl d(Âtnt ajrâtblc râsuolct als

ìrtls pnridls 9 ‛ D(âvêqul lt dl plupdl s(lxndtnct d(uc d(nutrl$ bd

ùt râsidu qu(ic najêvlrnbt dn aicsâarntbic kl dn ensbdbqul Cluvl

iò als âvâclolcts sl pnssnblct# Onbs bd `nddnbt kls rldbquls kl

onrtyrs piur dls pdnalr sius d(nutld# Noeribsl bckbqun ibb$

sldic dub$ klvnblct rlpislr dls rlstls kls klux `rêrls Hlrvnbs

lt ]ritnbs obs í oirt sius Kbiadâtblc# Qls bckbantbics sl triu/

vêrlct gustls# Ic arbn nu obrnadl# Dls tlops kl plrsâautbic

sict nbcsb `âaicks lc obrnadls# Dl abld$ qub pnrdnbt í pripis$

kiccnbt rnbsic í Noeribsl aictrl sls lcclobs# Alux/ab lc

rlstêrlct dí#

Dn duttl qul vblct kl siutlcbr Noeribsl aictrl dn aiur kl

Obdnc c(lst pns sncs ncndihbl nvla alddl qul Ensbdl nvnbt siu/

tlcul í Aâsnrâl aictrl Pndlcs# Oçol kâ`ârlcal lcvlrs dl piu/

vibr6oçol râsbstncal í sls lopbâtlolcts

6 oçol ìral pubsâl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Qlroi aictrn Nuxlctbuo$ 0#

*5" Bk#$ ;#

*1" Bk#$ 1H$ Boplrntir bcdrn Laadlsbno$ cic suprn Laadlsbno lst#



DN D\[[L AIC[UL DLQ NUBLCQ# 51

kncs uc âhnd oiprbs kl dn oirt6 oûol bcvbidnebdbtâ kl `nbt kul

í d(nutirbtâ ku anrnatêrl lt nux syopntjbls kl tiut uc plupdl#

Lctrl tius dls âvêquls qub nvnblct nppdnukb nutrlìbs í râdlabbic

k(Noeribsl$ Ensbdl s(âtnbt `nbt rlonrqulr pnr rn``latbic lt d(âdâ/

vntbic kl sls aicslbds# >> ùt kês dirs aiool dl `rêrl nãcâ k(No/

eribsl kncs d(âpbsaipnt$ sic oikêdl$ sb d(ic plut kbrl qu(uc tld

jiool nvnbt elsibc k(uc oikêdl# Noeribsl s(lst bcspbrâ kl

quldquls/ucs kls âarbts kl Ensbdl# ]lut/ûtrl s(bcspbrn/t/bd nussb

kl sn aickubtl# *Guib qu(bd ic sibt$ bds rlprâslctlct í luxklux dn klrcbêrl duttl aictrl d(nrbncbsol$ lc oçol tlops

qul dn vbatibrl kl d(Lhdbsl sur d(Âtnt lc Iaabklct aiool lc

Irblct#

Al ùt plcknct dls pdus onuvnbs giurs kl alttl plrsâautbic

nrblccl$ lt piur iaauplr dls dichuls jlurls qu(Noeribsl pns/

snbt lc`lroâ kncs dn ensbdbqul nvla sls `bkêdls$ qu(bd bctrikubsbt

kncs dn dbturhbl dl ajnct ndtlrcntb` lt dls jyocls*d"# Dl ajnct

ndtlrcntb` vlcnbt kl d(Lhdbsl k(Irblct$ lt d(lopruct qu(lc `nbt

Noeribsl tâoibhcl kl dn aiccnbssncal qu(bd nvnbt kls usnhls

irblctnux6 dls rbtls$ aiool dls bkâls$ s(âajnchlnblct k(uc

eiut í d(nutrl ku oickl ajrâtblc# Dls jyocls bonhbcâls

pnr Noeribsl piur rioprl dn oiciticbl ku ajnct kls psnuols

najlvêrlct ucl dlctl âvidutbic kl dn piâsbl ajrâtblccl#

]nrtbl kl dn ìrol jâernéqul$ lddl lc vblct kâ`bcbtbvlolct

í dn ìrol hrlaqul# Lt dl ajnchlolct ipârâ pnr Noeribsllst nsslz bopirtnct piur qu(ic nbt nppldâ jyocls noeri/

sblccls tiutls alddls qub ùrlct aiopisâls sur al typl ciuvlnu#

Noeribsl lst kica dl pêrl kl tiut dl dyrbsol ajrâtblc$ lt nvla

*>" Cius nvics aiool tâoibcs snbct Noeribsl dub/oçol$ Qlrcw aictrn

Nuxlctbuo$ 1;# Jyociruo quiqua oiiruoanrobcbeus kiaiptuo pcpuduo

`lruct#### Alrtndbo icols sduklcd dbbdlcb `ntbrb 6‛ dl ebiu7bnpdbl trNbcebibsb($

]nudbc$ qub nvnbt `nbt pnbdb*. kl sic adlrhâ$ >1 7 Jia bc taopirl prbcbubc

nctbpjictb9$ dbyocb lt vbhbdbn/$ bc Laadlsbn olkbidnclcsb aldlernrb ln/plrucd 6

‛ lt snbct Nuhustbc$ Aic`#$ BZ$ =#



50 QNBC[ NOEBBIBQL#

dl dyrbsol adbrâdbic$ kl tiut dldyrbsoloiklrca*d"# Cis natls ict

nbcsb kls aicsâqulcals qul cius cl prâviyics pns# Lt$ pnr dub$

dl dyrbsol oiklrcl sl rnttnajl í dn piâsbl adnssbqul# Anr sls

jyocls sict$ k(nprês uc guhl aiopâtlct$ « dl `rubt dl pdus oör

kl d(nssbobdntbic kl dn audturl nctbqul pnr dl ajrbstbncbsol*5"# ¶

Cius kbrics kl sn oirndl í plu prês al qul cius kbsics kl sn

dbturhbl# ‛ Bd c(lst pns gusqu(nu ìck kls jyocls iò cius

cl pubssbics rltriuvlr quldqul ajisl kl d(lsprbt lt kl dn trnkbtbic

rionbcl# Qncs kiutl lddls sict kis prbêrls$ sncs kiutl dls prâiaau/pntbics kl dn dutdl aictrl dls nrblcs s(y ìct slctbr kncs d(n``br/

ontbic râpâtâl kls oârbtls ku Qnuvlur# Onbs klux k(lctrl lddls$

dls klux prlobêrls$ sict pdutût oirndls qul kihontbquls#

Oirndbslr lc vlrs$ aldn lst ajrâtblc sncs kiutl$ onbs a(lst

nussb rionbc *1"#

Kncs sn duttl aictrl dn aiur nrblccl$ Noeribsl nddnbt nvibr í

suebr ucl pritlatbic bcnttlckul# Onxbol$ lspârnct sl `nbrl uc

pnrtb lc Btndbl$ âarbvbt í Rndlctbcblc ucl dlttrl pdlbcl kl rloic/

trncals sur sn pidbtbqul rldbhblusl$ pubs dl olcnèn k(bctlrvlcbr#

Pibdí Gustbcl lt Rndlctbcblc lcairl ucl ìbs aictrnbcts kl `nbrl

nppld í dn pntrbitbqul diynutâ k(Noeribsl# Lt Noeribsl pnrt kl

ciuvlnu piur [rçvls kâ`lckrl aictrl aldub qub sl oçdl kl dl

pritâhlr alux qub$ jblr lcairl$ dl plrsâautnblct# Kncs sic

lctrlvul nvla Onxbol bd dl prbt kl três jnut# D(noenssnklur

kbspnrnãt oûol lc dub klvnct d(âvçqul qunck$ rlvlcnct sur dl

pnssâ$ bd rlpriajn í Onxbol dl olurtrl kl Hrntblc 7 « A(âtnbt tic

onãtrl$ a(âtnbt uc bccialct# ûl dl olurtrblr sichl í dn pâcb/

tlcal$ s(bd vlut ietlcbr hråal klvnct Kblu *;"# ¶ Onxbol nvnbt

viudu `nbrl oictrl kl zêdl rldbhblux lc olttnct í oirt d(jârâtbqul

*>" Pibr Lelrt$ Jbstibrl hâcârndl kl dn dbttârnturl ku oiylc åhl lc Iaabklct$

trnk# `rncènbsl$ t# B$ p# >:8#

*5" DD

*1" fd#$ p# >2:#

*;" ]nudbc$ Pbl k(Noeribsl$ >2#



DN D\[[L AIC[\L DLQ O\LCQ# 58

]rbsabddblc lt 9as pnrtbsncs# BTVnbs NcbDribsl$ cius dl snvics *d*Sg6b$

c(nkolttnbt pns qu(ucl qulstbic kl ìb `öt pirtâl klvnct dl

piuvibr abvbd$ cb qul dl snch `öt râpncku piur lddl# Bd c(âtnbt

_"ns dbiooaS oçol kncs ucl aiur âtrnchêrl$ í anajlr sic slc/

tbolct piur cl pibct kâpdnbrl# Bd rlùsn kl aiooucblr nvla dls

âviquls *{ub nvnblct kâ`ârâ d(jârâsbl nu erns sâaudblr# Aldn

ìurcbt í Onxbol uc prâtlxtl piur rlcviylr alt noenssnklur

bcaiooikl#

Dn aickubtl k(Noeribsl nvnbt âtâ$ aiool kncs sn prlobêrlnoenssnkl$ nussb jnebdl qu(lddl âtnbt `bêrl# GOnxbol lc âtnbt

vlcu í kiutlr qu(ic löt plur kl dub í Obdnc# Bd viudut s(lc

nssurlr lt klonckn uc nutrl noenssnklur# Gustbcl$ trip jlu/

rlusl kl kâsnviulr Noeribsl$ tioen kncs dl pbêhl# Onxbol

aioprbt ndirs qul d(nuknal k(Noeribsl cl dub vlcnbt pns kl alux

qub d(nvnblct lcviyâ# Bd râussbt í `nbrl naalptlr pnr Pndlctbcblc

d(lcvib kl triupls sib/kbsnct nuxbdbnbrls6 lt$ qunck lddls lurlct

pnssâ dls Ndpls$ bd vbct sl olttrl í dlur têtl lt onrajn sur

Obdnc# ‛ D(loplrlur s(lcùbt$ lt tiut dl oickl nvla dub# No/

eribsl slud rlstn í sic pistl$ onbs rlùsn k(lctrlr lc rldntbic9

nvla d(lcvnjbsslur# Ir$ lc `nal kl trûcls sb `rnhbdls$ dl piuvibr

boounedl kl d(âviqul n tlddlolct hrnckb qu(bd oncqul quldqul

ajisl nu siuvlrnbc qu(bd cl rlaiccnãt pns# ‛ Dl suaaês kl

Onxbol ùt k(nbddlurs kl aiurtl kurâl# Qiooâ pnr [jâikisl$

qub nvnbt naaulbddb pntlrclddlolct Pndlctbcblc$ k(âvnaulr d(Btndbl$

bd rlùsn# Klux oibs nprês$ í dn subtl k(ucl anopnhcl kâsns/

trlusl$ sls priprls sidknts dl olcêrlct tiut hnrrittâ nux pblks

kl sls vnbcqulurs# N dn oçol âpiqul oiurnbt Gustbcl# Dl tlops

kls duttls lst `bcb piur Noeribsl#



5: QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

BP

Qnbct Noeribsl lt [jâikisl#

\cl pârbikl ciuvlddl aioolcal piur d(jbstibrl kls rnppirts

kl d(Lhdbsl lt kl [Ltnt# Klux cios dn plrsiccb`blct7 Noeribsl

lt [jâikisl# Dl hrnck âvçqul lt dl hrnck loplrlur sl rlc/

aictrêrlct piur dn prlobêrl ìbs nprês dn kâ`nbtl kl Onxbol#

[jâikisl$ klpubs qu(bd hiuvlrcnbt d(Irblct$ s(âtnbt surtiut

iaaupâ kl dl aicvlrtbr# « ûl dl cio ku Kblu ucbqul lt siu/

vlrnbc sibt nkirâ pnrtiut$ ¶ kbt ucl kl sls dibs *>"# Bd âtnbt `nbt

piur s(lctlckrl nvla Noeribsl# Als klux jiools sloedlct

s(çtrl ìroâ k(uc lopbrl ajrâtblc$ lt rlcknct í Kblu dn pritlatbic

qu(bd rlèibt kl dub$ klux aicalptbics í plu prês bklctbquls# Onbs$

piur Noeribsl$ d(loplrlur dub/oçol c(lst qul d(uc kls `bkêdls$

« bd lst kncs d(Lhdbsl *5}$ ¶ lt bd dl dub `lrn slctbr$ lt [jâikisl

piurrn kbrl qu(nvnct kl aiccnãtrl Noeribsl$ bd cl snvnbt pns al

qul a(âtnbt qu(uc âvçqul *1"# D(bc`dulcal k(Noeribsl s(âtnbt kâgí

oncb`lstâl kncs dn `nèic kict [jâikisl nvnbt usâ kl dn vba/

tibrl *;"# Dl pblux loplrlur âtnbt uc vbidlct# Bd nvnbt âtâ alttl

ìbs obsârbairkblux# Onbs alttl lctlctl nddnbt kês sls kâeuts suebr

ucl âprluvl k(iò lddl sirtbrn k(nbddlurs n``(lrobl#

]lcknct qul [jâikisl olttnbt kl d(irkrl kncs dls n``nbrls

k(Iaabklct$ kl onuvnbsls ciuvlddls dub âtnbt nrrbvâls k(Irblct#

Kls ajrâtblcs olcâs pnr kls oibcls$ plut/çtrl oçol pnrdlur

âvçqul$ nvnblct erödâ ucl sycnhihul í Anddbcbqul# [jâikisl

#*>" Aik# [jâik#$ ZZB$ <$ 0# \cbus lt suoob Klb cicbac uebqul aldlerltur#

*5yPibr

pnhl5;#

*1" [jâikirlt$ ddbsd# LaaD$ P$ >:# (N|b#0pi8(#iv (6bp idin niviv (L/(gy#i/iv

íÈì"6 )#n"#abg6g#ãviv#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ ZD$ 5u#



QNBC[ NOEUIBQL L[ [BBÂIKIQL# 52

dls aicknocn í dn rlaicsdrbbbri í dlurs `rnbs$ s(âdiccnct oûolqul sls onhbstrnts nblct lu elsibc k(lc râ`ârlr í dub piur `nbrl

lxâautlr al qub âtnbt dn dib# Nvla cis bkâls oiklrcls sur dl

rlsplat outuld qul sl kibvlct dls kb``ârlcts audtls$ lt sur d(bo/

pnrtbndbtâ qul d(Ftnt kibt í tius$ cius cl piuvics qul triuvlr

al guhlolct âqubtnedl# Onbs Noeribsl cl snurnbt nkolttrl alttl

suprâontbl k(ucl dib bckb``ârlctl# Bd bctlrvblct nuprês kl [jâi/

kisl piur dl ìralr í sl râtrnatlr# Bd aioolcal pnr n``brolr dl

kribt ku prçtrl kl kbrl dn vârbtâ í d(loplrlur# ûl pnrdics/cius

oçol kl kribt9 Dub$ âvçqul$ n dn rlspicsnebdbtâ kldí aickubtl

kl [jâikisl klvnct dls nutrls âvçquls$ lt kl sic íol klvnct

Kblu# Qic klvibr lst kl d(nvlrtbr# Bd c(y n pns kl dib abvbdl qub

vnbddl aictrl ucl dib rldbhblusl# Ir ucl dib rldbhblusl kâ`lck

nux ajrâtblcs kl Anddbcbqul$ lt pdus qu(í tius$ í dlur âviqul$

k(âdlvlr uc tlopdl í d(bopbâtâ$ qu(bd s(nhbssl iu cic ku tlopdl

qu(lux/oçols ict kâtrubt#

Ndn dib abvbdl kl s(bcadbclr# Lt

qu(lst/al vrnbolct *|ul d(bctârçt kl d(irkrl puedba lc `nal kl

d(bctârçt kl dn rldbhbic9 ‛ Nbcsb$ pnr dn rlspicsnebdbtâ oirndl

qu(bd s(nttrbeul$ d(âvçqul n dl kribt kl aictrûdl sur tius dls natls

kl d(loplrlur$ lt dn dib kl d(Ltnt lst sueirkiccâl í dn dib rldb/

hblusl# [lddls sict dls prâtlctbics k(Noeribsl# ûnct nux oiylcs

kl dls `nbrl vndibr$ bd dls bckbqul kncs dn erêvl olcnal qub

tlrobcl ucl dlttrl tiutl pdlbcl kl kâ`ârlcal7 « ]iur dl oiolct

gl suppdbl$ cl ol aictrnbhclz pns í pnrdlr kncs d(âhdbsl *>"# ¶

Bd y ùt aictrnbct# D(loplrlur c(nvnbt pns râpicku$ lt bd âtnbt

vlcu sldic sn aiutuol lctlckrl d(âvçqul kncs dn ensbdbqul# Aldub/

ab prçajn sur dl klvibr ku snalrkial qub lst pnrìbs kl rlprlckrl$

kl airrbhlr# ]lu í plu d(nddusbic klvbct pdus clttl$ gusqu(í al

qul dl aiurnhlux âvçqul$ supprbonct tiut nrtb`bal$ s(nkrlssåt

kbrlatlolct í d(loplrlur# [jâikisa$ nussbtût qu(Noeribsa

klsalckbt kl sn ajnbrl$ viudut s(lxpdbqulr nvla dub# Bd s(lxausnbt

*>" Qnbct NOboibsb7$ Lp#$ ZD#



1= QNBC[ NOEUÖBQL#

k(nbddlurs pdutût qu(bd ci sl pdnbhcnbt# Onbs bd s(âtnbt obs dub/

oçol kncs ucl sbtuntbic loenrrnssnctl$ lc priviqunct al

kbndihul nvla d(âvêqul$ klvnct dl plupdl âticcâ qub bhcirnbt

dlur kbsslctbolct# Noeribsl lc pri`btn piur dub nrrnajlr ucl

priolssl k(nocbstbl lc `nvlur kls ajrâtblcs aiupnedls#

ûldqul tlops nprês$ ucl ciuvlddl âkbtbic kl dn rlquçtl kl

Qyoonqul qul [jâikisl$ plu nu aiurnct kl d(n``nbrl$ nvnbt

âaiutâl nvla trip kl eblcvlbddncal$ kiccn í dn rukl `rncajbsl

k(Noeribsl ucl nutrl iaansbic kl s(lxlralr *>"# Onbs sls rnp/

pirts nvla d(loplrlur sict klvlcus sb n``latulux qu(bd dub su``bt

kl rlstlr pdusblurs giurs sncs dl vibr piur vlcbr í eiut kl sn

râsbstncal# * 5" ‛ Ic plut sl kloncklr sb a(lst uc dnéqul iu uc

âvçqul qub hiuvlrcl$ tlddlolct tiutls dls dibs kl alttl âpiqul

ict uc anrnatêrl kl pbâtâ lt k(nustârbtâ oirndl# D(nutirbtâ

k(Noeribsl í dnqulddl tnct kl ajnrol s(ngiutnbt$ cius dl kbrics$

n najlvâ kl `nbrl kl [jâikisl$ qul sn pbâtâ

yprâkbspisnbt$ dl

prbcal sldic dl aőur kl d(Lhdbsl# Lt lddl c(nvnbt pns í `nbrl alttl

ìbs í d(íol `nbedl k(uc Hrntblc# 9snturl lopirtâl piur dl eblc$

aiool piur dl ond$ [jâikisl lst d(lxlopdl k(ucl íol rukl

nkiuabl pnr d(Lvnchbdl *1"# A(lst uc Lspnhcid$ lt a(lst kâgí uc

Lspnhcid ku oiylc åhl pnr uc sbchudblr oâdnchl kl pbâtâ lt kl

`âriabtâ# ‛ K(irkbcnbrl dn pbâtâ d(lopirtnbt$ onbs lc uc slud giur

tiutl sn `âriabtâ âadntn# Bd cius rlstl í rnaictlr quld ùt kncs al

krnol dl rûdl kl snbct Noeribsl$ lt qulddl arbsl ciuvlddl trn/

vlrsn d(nobtbâ kl als klux jiools#

Dn vbddl kl [jlssndicbqul$ ajêrl í [jâikisl pnr dl siuvlcbr

kl sic enptçol lt kl sls prlobêrls vbatibrls$ s(âtnbt âprbsl k(uc

aiajlr lt s(âtnbt râvidtâl pnral qul al aiajlr$ qub âtnbt uc

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ DPtd$ ;# [jlikisbi airncb bcdbonvb ntqua bc is

kbalrl cic kuebdnvb#

*5" Bk#

*1" Gk#$ Dd# ûik jnelns `bklb stukbuo$ cic piSSsuo clhnrl6 quik Klb

tbbcirlo$ cic kbbdbtlir6 slk dbnels unturba bopltucb####



QNBC[ N#OIBBIBQL L[ [ddÂIKIQL# 1>

onuvnbs suglt$ nvnbt âtâ loprbsiccâ# Dl hiuvlrclur nvnbt âtâ

edlssâ í oirt$ pdusblurs onhbstrnts `rnppâs iu dnpbkâs# Noeribsl

s(nttlcknbt sb eblc í ucl lxpdisbic kl aidêrl kl d(loplrlur qu(bd

s(l`ìrèn kl dn prâvlcbr$ lt nddn dl suppdblr kl oòdlr quldqul

pbtbâ í sn gustbal# [jâikisl priobt k(ucl `nèic âvusbvl# bTVnbs

dl onãtrl kls i``bals$ Uu`bc$ cl tnrkn pns í dub `nbrl rlonrqulr

qul alttl ìbs d(âvêqua bctlrvlcnbt kncs ucl nd[nbrl purlolct

abvbdl$ lt qul a(âtnbt dl ans iu gnonbs kl slaiulr sic nutirbtâ

dâhêrlolct bckbsarêtl# \c ajåtbolct lxlopdnbrl ùt kicarâsidu 6 lt [jâikisl$ kl plur kl rlvlcbr sur sn kâabsbic$ qubttn

Obdnc# Lt[rnyâ alplcknct kl d(irkrl qu(bd vlcnbt kl kicclr$ bd

viudut dl râviqulr$ onbs trip tnrk# Dl arbol âtnbt aic/

siooâ# Dl plupdl kl [jlssndicbqul nvnbt âtâ nttbrâ kncs uc

abrqul aiool piur ucl râgiubssncal$ pubs erusqulolct nssnbddb

pnr kls sidknts qub$ `rnppnct í tirt lt í trnvlrs$ nvnblct `nbt

slpt obddl oirts#

Al ùt uc `râobsslolct kl kiudlur kncs tiut d(lopbrl lt sur/

tiut kncs dn râsbklcal bopârbndl kl Obdnc# Ic sloednbt klonc/

klr aioptl í Noeribsl$ k(irkbcnbrl oblux âaiutâ$ kl al qu(bd

c(nvnbt pns râussb í lopçajlr *>" 6 lt quldqul ajisl rlgnbddbssnbt

oçol sur d(Lhdbsl kl d(ikblux qub s(nttnajnbt í alt lxaês kl

arunutâ vlcnct ku pdus ajrâtblc kls loplrlurs# D(Lhdbsl sl

klvnbt kl kâhnhlr sn rlspicsnebdbtâ# Nu/klssus kl als aicsbkâ/

rntbics lc`bc sic klvibr kl pnstlur nppnrnbssnbt í Noeribslbopârblux# Qibt pidbtbqul$ sibt tlckrlssl piur d(nuhustl aiupn/

edl$ bd c(lc vbct pns k(neirk nux hrncks oiylcs# Bd s(nestbct kl

dl vibr$ pubs dub âarbvbt dls rnbsics$ qu(bd cSbhcirnbt pns$ kl alttl

râslrvl# Bd dls dub âarbvbt kl sn priprl onbc$ piur qul plrsiccl

qul d(loplrlur lt dub c(löt aiccnbssncal kl al qub sl pnssnbt

lctrl lux# Onbs tiutls als prâanutbics cl slrvnblct qu(í nolclr

alttlkurl slctlcal

7

[nct qul vius cl viusslrlz pns juobdbâ

*>" Qnbct Noeribs`7$ Lp#$ BSB$ H#



15 QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

klvnct Kblu$ gl cl piurrnb pns id[rbr lc vitrl prâslcal dl snarb/

`bal kbvbc# Noeribsl lxaiooucbnbt [dbâikisl#

[jâikisl viudut pnsslr iutrl$ lt sl prâslctn uc giur$ nvla

tiutl sn subtl$ aiool sb rblc cl s(âtnbt pnssâ$ í d(lctrâl kl dn

ensbdbqul# >> triuvn klvnct dub d(âvçqul rlvçtu kl sls jnebts

snalrkitnux qub dub lc enrrn d(naaês# Aiool bd âtnbt ciurrb kls

snbcts irnadls$ kbt d(jbstirblc *>"$ bd aâkn lt rltiurcn pdlurlr

kncs sic pndnbs# Jubt oibs s(âaiudêrlct tiutl`ibs sncs qu(bd pöt

râsiukrl sic åol irhulbddlusl í alt natl k(juobdbtâ qub klvnbt

dub riuvrbr [Lhdbsl# Onbs sn pbâtâ siut[rnbt# Uu`bc$ qub viynbt

sic onãtrl nttrbstâ$ dub klonckn uc giur kl dl dnbsslr nrrnchlr

d(n``nbrl nvla d(âviqul# « Pius cl dl aiccnbsslz pns$ râpickbt

[jâikisl$ gnonbs pnr arnbctl bd cl vbidlrn dn dib kbvbcl# ¶ Uu`bc

nddn tiut kl oçol triuvlr Noeribsl# Bd `ut ond rlèu$ k(nutnct

pdus ond qu(Noeribsl viynbt lc dub dl onuvnbs hâcbl kl sic

prbcal$ dl aicslbddlr ku onssnarl kl [jlssndicbqul# [jâikisl$qub c(y tlcnbt pdus$ nvnbt subvb klprês sic onãtrl kls i``bals$ lt

Noeribsl d(nplralvnct nddnbt dl rlpiusslr í sic tiur$ dirsqu(bd

dub kbt qu(bd c(âtnbt pns vlcu piur ernvlr$ onbs piur kloncklr

sn pâcbtlcal# Ndirs$ piur dl pucbr pnr iò bd nvnbt pâajâ$ lt piur

prâvlcbr dl rltiur kl pnrlbds ondjlurs$ d(âvçqul dub bopisn kl

râkbhlr ucl dib k(nprês dnqulddl tiut nrrçt lctrnãcnct dn oirt

iu dn aic`bsantbic kls eblcs cl slrnbt prioudhuâ qul trlctl giurs

nprês nvibr âtâ rlcku# ]ubs d(ic vbt d(loplrlur sl pristlrclr

kncs d(âhdbsl$ pdlurnct lt s(nrrnadbnct dls ajlvlux#

Klux irkrls kl slctbolcts cius nhbtlct qunck cius nssbstics

í alt âoiuvnct splatnadl kl d(loplrlur juobdbâ# Cius c(nvics

pns kl plbcl í prâvibr nprês aiup qul dl piuvibr klvnct

dlquld bd n pdbâ lst k(uc oncblolct kâdbant$ lt qu(ic lc plut

neuslr# Lt alttl boobxtbic kl d(âvçqul kncs dls n``nbrls kl dn

gustbal sâaudbêrl lt ku hiuvlrclolct sanckndbsl dls pidbtbquls

*>" [ddÂIKIUL[$ dbbsd# L#aD$ T$ >:#



QNBC[ NOEUIBQL L[ [BBÂIKIQJ# 11

k(nugiurk(jub aiool alux kl dn aiur kl [jâikisl# PibjT kica

piur dn pidbtb*Vul# ‛ Onbs sb cius sâpnrics$ piur dn guhlr$ dn

aickubtl k(Noeribsl kl sls aicsâqulcals lt kl sls aictrl`nèics

jbsdirb*Vuls$ cius y triuvics$ iutrl uc anrnatêrl k(jiool anpn/

edl kl aicalvibr lt k(naaiopdbr uc tld klvibr$ lt a(lst tiut kbrl$

alttl plcsâl kb``babdl í aictlstlr piur uc oirndbstl$ a(lst qu(bd

y n ucl oçol dib piur dls loplrlurs lt piur dls juoedls$

rldbhblusl iu oirndl 6 a(lst nussb qul dlurs natls puedbas rldêvlct

kl alttldib

aiool dlurs natls prbvâs$ lt qul dls arbols k(Âtntsict kls arbols# \c nutrl hrnck aûtâ kl al krnol$ a(lst qul dl

klrcblr oit c(y rlstl pns í dn ìral$ al qub lst tiugiurs k(uc

eic lxlopdl lt râaicìrtnct# Lc viynct aiool bd `bcbt$ cius

âpriuvics uc plu kl al slctbolct kl sâaurbtâ qub kut rlctrlr

kncs dls åols kls suglts kl [jâikisl$ qunck bds s(nplrèurlct

qu(bd y nvnbt uc `rlbc oçol nu piuvibr nesidu# Noeribsl plr/

siccb`bl í cis ylux$ lc alttl abraicstncal$ cic pns sludlolct

d(Fhdbsl antjidbqul$ onbs dn aicsablcal juonbcl# Bd ùt í dub

slud al qul sict kl cis giurs dn prlssl$ d(ipbcbic lt tius als

piuvibrs qub$ kncs d(Ltnt oçol$ sict$ lc ucl alrtnbcl olsurl$

bckâplckncts kl d(Ltnt# Qn vbatibrl lst d(ucl kl alddls kict ic

plut kbrl qul al sict kls vbatibrls kl d(juoncbtâ# A(lst piur/

quib cius dub snvics hrâ k(nvibr vnbcau# ‛ Onbs bd `nut nussb

snvibr hrâ í [jâikisl kl s(çtrl dnbssâ vnbcarl$ lt$ piur dl suglt

qub cius iaauplrn kncs al dbvrl$ bd cius `nut bcsbstlr sur alttl

duttl aictrl sib/oçol iò plcknct jubt oibs bd s(lst olurtrb$

sur alttl âtribtl ucbic ku slctbolct oirnd lt ku slctbolct

rldbhblux$ alttl bctlcsbtâ kl rlplctbr$ al rnajnt kl dn `nutl pnr

d(juobdbntbic aicslctbl$ tiutls ìrols ciuvlddls kl dn vbl bctâ/

rblurl$ sb oçol ic plut kbrl qu(nvnct lddls bd y nvnbt ucl vbl

bctârblurl#

]lunprês als âvâclolcts$ [jâikisl qubttn d(Iaabklct# Nvnct

sic kâpnrt$ piussâ pnr Noeribsl$ bd nvnbt râucb uc aicabdl í

Anpiul piur trnbtlr kl quldquls/ucls kls qulstbics qub

\cbvlusbtf b"l Dyic# ‛ PBBB# N# 1



1; QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

olcnènblct kl kbvbslr d(Irblct lt dIaabklct# Bd sloedl qul prâ/

vlcbr als kbvbsbics lt nssurlr í gnonbs d(irkrl bctârblur kl

d(Lhdbsl nbt âtâ ucl kls lctrlprbsls dls pdus ajêrls í Noeribsl$

onbs kict dl suaaês `ut dl pdus kiutlux# ‛ ]ubs [jâikisl nvnbt

onrquâ pnr kl ciuvlddls dibs aictrl dl pnhncbsol$ iu sbo/

pdlolct aictrl dls neus lt dls vbals kl sic tlops$ d(lsprbt ajrâ/

tblc qub kl pdus lc pdus s(âtnbt lopnrâ kl dub# Dn dib kl 12> lst dn

aicknocntbic kâ`bcbtbvl kl d(ncablc audtl# Lddl kâ`lck$ k(ucl

oncbêrl nesidul$ kl `nbrl kls snarb`bals$ k(lctrlr kncs dls tlo/

pdls$ k(nkirlr dls stntuls *>"# Lddl lxpdbqul lc pnrtbl d(ld[irt

kâslspârâ ku pnhncbsol nuquld cius nddics eblctût nssbstlr#

‛ Lt onbctlcnct [jâikisl rltiurcl kncs d(nutrl oibtbâ kl

d(lopbrl trnvnbddlr í dn oircl őuvrl k(ucb`bantbic rldbhblusl#

qub lst klvlcul dn sludl plcsâl kl sic åol rlplctnctl#

Lc s(lc nddnct# [jâikisl nvnbt aic`bâ í Noeribsl sic ncablc

plrsâautlur$ d(loplrlur Rndlctbcblc$ kict dl trûcl pnrnbssnbt

onbctlcnct sidbkl# Gustbcl c(lxbstnbt pdus$ lt ucl tlckrlssl

`bdbndl ucbssnbt Noeribsl í alt loplrlur kl vbcht ncs $ nux

oőurs ajnstls$ í d(íol pblusl# [iut pirtnbt í aribrl qul

dl rêhcl kl Hrntblc nddnbt rlaioolcalr# Lt als klux `rêrls

klvnblct lc l``lt sl rlssloedlr pnr dl kâciulolct trnhbqul

kl dlurs aiurtls klstbcâls# ‛ \c kls klrcblrs eics hâcâ/

rnux kl d(lopbrl$ dl aiotl `rnca Nreihnst$ `irt kls slrvbalsrlckus lt k(ucl `bkâdbtâ vblbddl piur dl tlops$ anr lddl kntnbt

kl Hrntblc$ `nbsnbt plslr sur Rndlctbcblc ucl tutlddl uc plu

diurkl# Rndlctbcblc c(lc aioobt pns oibcs d(bopruklcal knddlr

lc Hnudl$ nu obdblu kls triupls qub âtnblct tiutls kncs dn

onbc k(Nreihnst# A(âtnbt sl dbvrlr í dub# Aiool bd hiuvlr/

cnbt pnr trip istlcsbedlolct$ dl glucl loplrlur$ dns ku rûdl

qu(ic dub `nbsnbt giulr$ lut nsslz k(nuknal piur râviqulr sic

tiut/pubssnct obcbstrl lc pdlbc aicsbstibrl$ onbs c(lut pns

*>" Aik# [jâik#$ ZPB$ >=$ >> lt >5#



QNBC[ NOboIBQL L[ [BBFIKIQL# 1ã6

nsslz k(nbbtirbdi piur dub `nbrl naalptlr alttl râviantbic# Kês

dirs$ dn sbtuntbic ùt piur dub bctidârnedl# Bd vlut rltiurclr lc

Btndbl# Nreihnst bcvlctl obddl oiylcs piur d(lc lopiajlr# >>

âarbt í éjâikisl qub cl aioprlck$ cb cl râpick# J âarbt í

Noeribsl$ dl suppdbnct kl vlcbr prês kl dub# [ld lst lc l``lt

dl prlstbhl kl citrl snbct qu(bd sloedl í uc loplrlur qul

sn prâslcal sibt ucl pritlatbic$ lt su``bsl í tiut rlolttrl lc

irkrl# Onbs Noeribsl cl aioprlck pns cic pdus als dlttrls kl

Rndlctbcblc qub$ piuvnct çtrl duls lc riutl$ cl kbsnblct pns

dl vrnb oitb` kl sic nppld# \c oit piurtnct d(âadnbrâ lc`bc

lt bd pnrt# Onbs Nreihnst prâviynct qu(ic vblckrnbt tût iu tnrk

nu slaiurs kl aldub qu(bd ipprbonbt$ nvnbt guhâ pdus pruklct kl

sl kâenrrnsslr kl dub# Bd d(nvnbt `nbt nssnssbclr nsslz jnebdlolct

piur piuvibr râpnckrl dl erubt k(uc subabkl# ]ubs bd s(âtnbt

kiccâ uc loplrlur aiooikl kncs dn plrsiccl ku rjâtlur

Luhêcl#Noeribsl$ rlctrâ í Obdnc$ s(y nenckiccn í sn kiudlur# Lddl

dub slrvbt k(nttbtukl lt lxausn dl sbdlcal qu(bd ippisn nux nvncals

qub dub âtnblct `nbtls pnr dl piuvibr ciuvlnu# D(irnbsic ùcêerl

kl Rndlctbcblc dub ìurcbt d(iaansbic kl râtbalcals rlsplatulusls

piur Nreihnst lt sn arânturl$ ‛ anr d(Lhdbsl n piur Aâsnr$ quld

qu(bd sibt$ dls âhnrks kus í Aâsnr$ ‛ onbs qub priuvnblct nsslz

qu(bd c(âtnbt pns dlur kupl# Alttl irnbsic ùcêerl prâslctnbt ucl

nutrl kb``baudtâ# Rndlctbcblc c(nvnbt pns âtâ enptbsâ# Noeribsl

kâ`lck ndirs alttl tjêsl hâcârlusl ‛ ciuvlddl kncs dn kiatrbcl

antjidbqul$ ‛ qul dl kâsbr nrklct ku enptçol âqubvnut nu

enptroa dub/oçol# Lt Rndlctbcblc d(nvnbt kâsbrâ6 lt a(âtnbt piur

dl rlalvibr kls onbcs k(Noeribsl qul$ ku ìck kl dn Hnudl$ bd

râadnonbt sn prâslcal# ‛ Citics qu(Noeribsl rnbsiccl bab

aiool uc stiéablc# Aiool uc stiéablc bd klonckl 7 « û(lst/al

kica qub kâplck kl cius$ sb al c(lst dn vidictâ *>"9 ¶

‛ Obs í

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl iebdu P(n)lc4t9uPcn($ (ûb # Kbabdl objb *dubk cdbbbk bc

ciebs lst cbsb viductns$ bbbsb pldbtbi9



10 QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

d(nbsl pnr al rnbsicclolct$ bd pdlurl dls lspârncals kl d(Lhdbsl

lcairl ucl ìbs lcvidâls$ bd pdlurl nussb sic priprl aőur kl pêrl

lcairl ucl ìbs erbsâ# ]ubs bd âcuoêrl dls aiups râpâtâs qub `rnp/

plct alttl `nobddl bopârbndl $ lt aldn nvla ucl cuncal k(nttnajlolct

kycnstbqul qub$ lddl nussb$ âtnbt ucl ciuvlnutâ# Qls klux ajlrs

oirts$ Hrntblc lt Pndlctbcblc$ sict nssiabâs kncs sls rlhrlts

lt kncs dn prbêrl qub najêvl uc elnu oiuvlolct irntibrl 7

« Qlbhclur$ gl vius klonckl qul dí iò gl slrnb bds siblct nussb$

lt qul gl pubssl vbvrl nvla lux âtlrclddlolct$ pubsqul gl c(nb

pu vbvrlpdus dichtlops nvla lux bab/ens *>" . ¶

Dl ciuvld loplrlur aioprbt qu(bd c(nvnbt rblc í lspârlr k(uc

jiool qub pirtnbt sb iuvlrtlolct dl klubd kl sic prâkâalsslur#

Bd sl rltiurcn ku aûtâ kls pnélcs qul$ kês dn prlobêrl jlurl$ bd

nvnbt oâcnhâs# Dl prâ`lt ku prâtibrl$ @dnvblc$ âtnbt uc kl dlurs

ajl`s# Brrbtâ kls klrcbêrls dibs pirtâls pnr [jâikisl$ lt kl d(lxâ/

autbic klsqulddls ic nvnbt lu d(bricbl kl dl ajnrhlr$ bd dbn pnrtbl

nvla Luhêcl$ lt irhncbsn lc sn `nvlur uc vârbtnedl oiuvlolct kl

rânatbic pnélccl# Ic vbt rlcnãtrl dn qulstbic kl d(nutld kl dn

Pbatibrl# Noeribsl ùt nutirbsâ$ pnr dl tiur qul prlcnblct dls âvâ/

clolcts$ í sirtbr k(ucl râslrvl qub nvnbt kö dub aiötlr# Bd rlùsn

kl sl rlcaictrlr nvla d(loplrlur lt$ piur cl pns s(y lxpislr$ bd

qubttn Obdnc# ]iur râpickrl í alttl kâoicstrntbic$ Nreihnst

olcnèn kl trncsìrolr dls âhdbsls lc âaurbls# Bd c(y nvnbt pdusí s(y trioplr$ ucl duttl rldbhblusl aioolcènbt#

[jâikisl c(nvnbt lcairl rblc kbt kl sls bctlctbics klpubs

qul Pndlctbcblc âtnbt oirt# ûnck bd vbt sn rldbhbic lc knchlr$

bd c(jâsbtn pdus# Bd snvnbt nvibr n``nbrl í uc rlkiutnedl nkvlrsnbrl

kncs Nreihnst# Bd pnrtbt aiool uc snbct Diubs piur ucl arib/

snkl# Bd onrajnbt sius dl sbhcl kl dn aribx# Qur dls krnplnux

lcclobs âtnbt plbctl d(bonhl k(Jlraudl# A(âtnbt dn hulrrl kls

klux rldbhbics# Dn entnbddl k(Nqubdâly obt ò# Ic y vbt [jâikisl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl ieb)u Pndlctbcbncb$ :=#



QNBC[ NOJUIBQL L[ [BBFIKIQL# 18

prblr lt aioenttrl tiur í tiur$ lt kncs uc oiolct k(nchibssl$

anr dn entnbddl ùt dichtlops bckâabsl$ ‛ s(âdncalr kncs dnordâl

lc arbnct7 «Iò lst dl Kblu kléjâikisl*d"9 ¶ ûnck$ í dn `bc kl dn

giurcâl$ ic dub nolcn Luhêcl$ nvnct kl dl dnbsslr tulr$ bd dub

rlaioonckn bricbqulolct k(bcviqulr Jlraudl# A(lst qu(lc l``lt

Jlraudl âtnbt$ nussb eblc qu(Luhêcl$ dl vnbcau ku giur# Alttl ìbs

dl pnhncbsol âtnbt eblc oirt# ]iur qul alttl vbatibrl löt uc

anrnatêrl pdus vrnbolct ajrâtblc lcairl$ Noeribsl ietbct kl

[jâikisl qu(bd lc usåt nvla obsârbairkl#

D(lopbrl c(nvnbt pdus qu(uc loplrlur$ lt alt loplrlur âtnbt

uc `bds siuobs kl d(Lhdbsl# D(ucbtâpidbtbqul lt rldbhblusl ku oickl

rionbc sloednbt ajisl `nbtl# Cius siools nu pibct audobcnct

kl dn anrrbêrl k(Noeribsl$ dirsqul tiut í aiup [jâikisl olurt#

[iutâtnbt aiopriobs# Noeribsl lut lcairl í pricicalr d(irnbsic

ùcêerl kl al prbcal nuquld bd pirtnbt ucl n``latbic kb``ârlctl kl

alddl qub d(ucbssnbt í Hrntblc lt í Pndlctbcblc$ onbs qub$ dub

nussb$ dub âtnbt ajlr# Kncs alttl irnbsic ùcêerl$ qub lst uc vrnb

kbsaiurs pidbtbqul$ bd s(l`ìral kl aicsidbklr dl piuvibr `rnhbdl

kls klux `bds kl [jâikisl$ qul dlur pêrl oiurnct nvnbt obs

sius sn pritlatbic# Onbs alt l`ìrt oçol onrqul sic bcqubâtukl#

]ubs rlvlcnct í [jâikisl$ bd iuedbl sls vlrtus pidbtbquls lt hulr/

rbêrls piur cl rnppldlr qul sn ajnrbtâ ajrâtblccl# >> y n dí uc

prlsslctbolct kl d(âdiqulcal rldbhblusl kl Eissult# Onbs Eissult$

sb hrnck qu(nbt âtâ$ í dub nussb$ sic nutirbtâ plrsicclddl$ löt/bd

isâ kbrl$ aiool Noeribsl kl sic jâris 7 « G(nb nboâ altjiool$¶

sör qul kls oârbtls oçol k(uc loplrlur bd cl piuvnbt y nvibr$

piur alux qub d(âaiutnblct$ kâpdus prienct tâoibhcnhl9

Noeribsl survâaut klux ncs í [jâikisl# Kncs sls klrcbêrls

nccâls$ trnvlrsâls pnr dn siu``rncal pjysbqul$ bd ùt lcairl dl

pritlatlur kls `nbedls$ pnuvrls qul d(ic kâpissêkl$ naausâs qu(ic

vlut dbvrlr nux eçtls# Onbs sic rûdl pidbtbqul âtnbt`ãcb# Bd olurt

*>" Qnbo Noeribsl$ Kl iebtu [jâikisbb$ >#



1: QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

lctiurâ ku rlsplatlt kl dn pbâtâ kl tius# Dn aiur dub nvnbt klonckâkl prblr dub/oçol piur qul sls giurs ùsslct pridichâs# Qtbdbaic

arnbhcnbt qul dn kbspnrbtbic (k(uc tld jiool cl `öt dl klrcblr

aiup piur d(Btndbl *B"# N als siddbabtntbics bd nvnbt `nbt aldtl elddl

râpicsl nkobrâl pnr snbct Nuhustbc 7 « Gl c(nb pns vâau pnrob

vius kl tlddl sirtl qul g(nbl jictl kl vbvrl6onbs gl cl arnbcs pns

cic pdus kl oiurbr pnral qul cius nvics uc eic Onãtrl *5"# ¶

Qnbct Noeribsl typl kl d(âvçqul ajrâtblc ku BP( sbêadl#

Qb cius ajlrajbics qulddl bonhl k(Noeribsl sl kâhnhl ku

dich râabt$ quibqul âaiurtâ$ qul cius vlcics kl `nbrl$ dn clttltâ

kl aicalptbic$ d(âclrhbl kncs d(natbic lt kncs dn râsbstncal$

d(lsprbt kl kiobcntbic$ qundbtâs vrnbolct rionbcls obsls nu

slrvbal kl d(Âvnchbdl$ cius lc nppnrnãtrnblct aiool dls trnbts

snbddncts# K(nutrls qundbtâs tiutlìbs sl sict kâgí dnbssâ klvbclr#

Al ìrt ùt uc kiux$ lt sn ìral kiccn pdus kl ajnrol í sn

tlckrlssl# Bd cl sl eircl pns í nbolr kls loplrlurs$ quibqu(bd

nbt eblc nboâ alux qu(bd n nboâs# Bd cl sl eircl pns cic pdus

í loernsslr kncs sn siddbabtukl k(âvêqul tius dls pnuvrls lt dls

ipprboâs$ iu í pdlurlr nvla sls pâcbtlcts sur dlurs `nutls$

aiool sb dub/oçol dls nvnbt aioobsls*1"# >> aiccnãt dls n``latbics

juonbcls pdus âtribtls lt s(y aiopdnãt# Bd nvnbt$ cius d(nvics

kbt$ ucl sőur$ dn vblrhl Onralddbcl$ lt uc `rêrl$ Qntyrl# Bds

vbcrlct vbvrl nvla dub í Obdnc$ lt rblc c(lst tiuajnct aiool

al qul cius snvics pnr Noeribsl dub/oûol kl dlur vbl aio/

oucl 7 Onralddbcl$ d(nãcâl$ vâcârâl pnr sls klux `rêrls$ aicsudtâl

*b" ]nbdbc$ Pbl b`Noeb(ibsl$ ;bb#

*5" Gk#

*1"Bk#$12#



QNBC[ N#OrbUIBQd/ [R]L \F D(ÂPÂ^\L AJUÂ[BLC# 12

lc tiut$ oûol pnr aldub qub lst âvêqul$ kbsautnct nvla dub sur

kls qulstbics kl `ib$ gus*guí al qu(bds lc npplddlct nu guhlolctkl Qntyrl$ qub nvnbt @nrt kl aictlctlr tiut dl oickl sncs

kioonbSlpiurdn vârbtâ *b"6 Qntyrl$ ajnstl lt elnu glucl jiool$cnturl kribtl lt kâviuâl$ qub pnyn plut/çtrl kl sn vbl dn jídl

nvla dnqulddl$ ond huârb kls subtls k(uc cnu`rnhl$ bd viudut

naaiurbr nuprês kls sblcs qul dls Hitjs olcnènblct *5"$ Qntyrl

kict dn plrtl nrrnajn í sic `rêrl kls snchdits sb âdiqulcts# A(âtnbt

d(jiool k(n`dnbrls kl dn `nobddl$ lt dl dblc kl alttl pblusl

onbsic nvla dl oickl# Qb Noeribsl aicstrubt ucl ensbdbqul$

a(lst dub qub lc vârb`bl dls pdncs *1"# Q(bd y n quldqul n``nbrl nu

dibc$ a(lst Qntyrl qub vn dn trnbtlr# Al `ut oçol k(uc viynhl lc

N`rbqul qu(bd rlvbct oiurnct# Dls klux `rêrls nvnblct arnbct kl

cl pns sl rlvibr# Bds sl rlvbrlct$ onbs piur plu kl tlops# Lt

Noeribsl$ prbvâ kl alttl aiddneirntbic `rntlrclddl$ sl aiopnrl

nu eőu` qub ajlrajl sic aiopnhcic6quldqul ajisl kl dub/

oçol dub oncqul$ lt ic d(lctlck hâobr$ pnral qu(bd c(n pdus

í sic aòtâ aldub qub dneiurnbt sius dl oçol giuh *;"#

Noeribsl lut nussb kls nobs# A(lst ]rbsaus$ nob k(lc`ncal

qu(bd rltriuvl pdus tnrk nvla âoitbic *<"# A(lst d(âvçqul Nsajidl#

Noeribsl lt dub s(nbonblct sncs s(çtrl gnonbs vus# Dirsqu(bds sl

rlcaictrlct í Uiol$ bds sl glttlct kncs dls erns d(uc kl d(nutrl$

lt dlurs dnrols aiudlct sur dlurs vçtlolcts$ plcknct qu(bds

sl tblcclct loernssâs$ s(nenckiccnct í dn gibl k(ucl rlcaictrlsb dichtlops kâsbrâl *0"# A(lst sic onãtrl Qbopdbablc$ kict

cius nvics kâgí pnrdâ$ nuquld dl hrnck âvçqul dnbssnbt lcairl

sur sls őuvrls uc kribt kl airrlatbic$ lt qub lc usnbt *8"# Al

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl lxalssu Qntyrb$ bd#

*5" Bk#$ 15#

*1" O#$ 5=#

*;" Bk#$:#

*e" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ ZPr#Pd ad ZA#PBBB#

*0" X#$ TP$ >=#

*8" O#$ ZZXBB$ #{#



;= QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

sict eblc k(nutrls lc`bc# Onbs a(lst surtiut Lusêel kl Eidihcl$

kncs dn onbsic kuquld$ plcknct qu(bd `uynbt dn prâslcal k(Luhêcl$

bd klvnbt triuvlr rbbispbtndbti# Bd nvnbt âdlvâ dub/oçol dls

pltbts/lc`ncts kl sic nob$ @nustbc$ Noeribsl lt Noerisbl$ lt

piur lux s(âtnbt `nbt hrnck/pêrl# Bd s(iaaupl kls naaês kl tiux

ku pltbt @nustbc lt s(lctlck sb eblc í dls sibhclr qul d(lc`nct

dl aribt uc plu oâklabc *>"#

Qn kâdbantl eictâ sl râvêdl kncs alct nutrls trnbts# ]iur uc

nutrl tiut glucl lc`nct$ nuquld bd âtnbt nttnajâ$ bd âarbt uc

dbvrl k(bcstruatbic oirndl$ kl dn oçol onbc qub nvnbt âarbt uc

[rnbtâ kl dn @ib piur uc loplrlur *5"# ^unck bd trnvnbddl dn cubt$

bd cl prlck pns kl slarâtnbrl$ pnral qu(bd cl vlut pns çtrl piur

nutrub dn anusl k(ucl `ntbhul lt k(uc lccub *1"# Bd râaicabdbl dls

lc`ncts nvla dls pnrlcts# Qbsbcbus cl vlut pns rlalvibr sic `bds

qub s(lst onrbâ sncs sic nsslctbolct# Noeribsl bctlrvblct nvla

ucl kiual eicjiobl$ lt tblct dl kbsaiurs qub subt í al pêrl brrbtâ7

« Pius nvblz dl kribt kl ajibsbr$ onbs vius piuvblz ond ajibsbr#

Qb dn `lool kl vitrl `bds lst eiccl$ a(lst kica nutnct kl hnhcâ

piur vius# Onbs sb vitrl `bds s(lst triopâ$ rlalvlz/dls tiut kl

oûol$ vius dls rlckrlz olbddlurs 6 lc dls rlgltnct vius dls

rlckrblz pbrls *;"# ¶ Dn ajnrbtâ dub pnrnãt kncs tius dls ans dn

pdus `âaickl kls gustbals# \c guhl sarupudlux$ sur dl pibct

k(nppdbqulr dn plbcl kl oirt dl aicsudtl# Bd aioolcal pnr

olttrl sn aicsablcal í d(nbsl lt onbctblct sic kribt# Onbs

aiool bd eâcbt sls sarupudls lt nvla qulddl ajndlur k(bddusbic

bd aioptl sur dl pnrkic$ subvb ku enptçol$ piur nolcklr tius

dls aiupnedls *<" . Lddl lst kl dub lc`bc alttl lxqubsl rlonrqul

qul pnrkicclr lst dn giubssncal kl Kblu# A(lstdirsqu(bdaioolctl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ £p#$ DBP$ 5#

*5" ]nudbc$ Pbl kXojribsl$ 5:#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ ZDPBB$ >#

*;"8k#$DZZZBBB$5#

*<" jd$ ZZP#



QNBC[ NOEUIBQL [R]L KL D(`bPÂ^\L AJUÂ[BLC# ;>

d(őuvrl kls slpt giurs# Bd sl klonckl piurquib Kblu sl rlpisl

dl slptbêol giur# A(lst qu(nynct `nbt d(jiool$ râpick/bd$ bd

nvnbt í qub pnrkicclr *>"#

N ucl vidictâ sb pubssnctl lst kica nssiabâl ucl íol nrklctl#

Cius snvics kâgí qul dl rlhrlt kl sn vbl lst k(nvibr âajnppâ nu

onrtyrl 7 « Kblu sncs kiutl$ kbt/bd pdus tnrk$ Kblu$ qub lst

dl eic oâklabc$ snvnbt oblux qul oib al qub aicvlcnbt j on`nbedlssl *5"# ¶ Ku oibcs cl s(âpnrhcl/t/bd cb glöcl cb oirtb/

`bantbic*1"#

Bd lcslbhcl qu(ic kibt sl dlvlr nu obdblu kl dn cubt

piur prblr# « Dn cubt lst dl oiolct kl dn tlctntbic### û(lddl

sibt aldub kl dn pâcbtlcal### *;"# ¶ Lt cius snvics pnr sic ebi/

hrnpjl ]nudbc qu(Noeribsl gibhcnbt d(lxlopdl nu prâalptl# Qn

prbêrl lst siuvlct enbhcâl kl dnrols *i"# Bd pnrdl kldí aioou/

cbic lc tlrols lc`dnooâs# Lddl lst piur dub « dl enbslr kl

Gâsus/Ajrbst ¶ *0"# Dl rçvl$ lt aiool dn tlctntbic kl alt jiool$

sur dlquld tnct k(bctârçts rlpisnblct$ sloedl nvibr âtâ k(lc

slaiulr dl `nrklnu$ lt kl cl pdus vbvrl qul kncs uc kiux aio/

olral nvla Kblu# Kês sic âdlatbic bd viudut$ cius cius lc siu/

vlcics$ âajnpplr nux jicclurs kl d(âpbsaipnt pnr dn vbl oicns/

tbqul# Lt bd lut kl tiut tlops piur dls sidbtnbrls ucl tlckrlssl

oçdâl k(lcvbl$ aiool piur kls prbvbdâhbâs kl dn vbl rldbhblusl#

Bd ùt$ cius dl vlrrics$ uc kls npûtrls ít kls pntrics kl dn

vbrhbcbtâ nu bvS sbêadl# Lt kncs sn vbl sb nhbtâl bd s(l`ìrèn kl

rândbslr alttl vbl kls vblrhls lt kls sidbtnbrls$ tiut lctblrs í

d(noiur kl Kblu# Kncs sls dlttrls í Brâcâl$ vrnbls dlttrls kl

kbrlatbic rldbhblusl$ bd pnrdl kl alt noiur kl Kblu nvla kls âdncs$

*>" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Jlxőo#$ Td$ anp# x$ 80$ it tucl bbObublsabt$ jnelcs

aub plaantn kbcbb\lrlt#

*5" Qnbct N#3beribsf$ Lp#$ ZZZPB$ ;#

*1" ]nudbc$ Pbl kXoeribsl$ 1:#

*;" Qnbct Nouribsl$ Bc ]sndouo AZPBdd$ slrbci vbbb$ b:/b}5#

*<" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl ]lcbtlctbn$ BB$ =8#

*0" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Lp#$ ZDB$ ><# Isaudnourlrhi Adbrbsduo aiooucbicbs

isaudi#



;5 QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

lt oûol kls rn``bclolcts Gl kâvitbic$ aiool lc pnrdlrn

d(nutlur kl Rdobdntbic *>"# Al sidknt tiugiurs sur dn erêajl$

alt âviqul dbiool k(Fdnt lst tiut prês k(çtrl uc oystbqul#

Alt ucbic kl dn vbl natbvl lt aictlopdntbvl lst k(nbddlurs dl

anrnatêrl aioouc kl tius dls hrncks âvçquls$ lt prlsqul dn

kâ`bcbtbic kl dlur hlcrl kl vlrtu# Kâ`bcbtbic qu(Noeribsa cius

n kiccâl dub/oçol í pripis k(uc kl sls nãcâs kncs d(âpbsaipnt$

Lusêel kl Rlralbd$ kict bd cius npprlck qu(bd aicabdbnbt dls

iedbhntbics ku snalrkial nvla dn rêhdl oicnstbqul$ qu(bd nvnbt

ucl vbl puedbqul$ lt ucl vbl anajâl *5"# Hrâhibrl kl gCnzbncal

nvnbt kbt dn oûol ajisl kncs dls oçols tlrols k(Ntjncnsl *1T

Lt lddl lst dichul dn dbstl kl alux kict dn vbl râpick í alttl

kiuedl lxbhlcal kl dlurs ìcatbics lt kl dlur pbâtâ# ‛ Ir No/

eribsl lst dl typl naaiopdb kl d(âvçqul$ pnr ucl viantbic kl sn

cnturl$ lt pnr d(jnroicbl lc dub kls qundbtâs kbvlrsls qul cius

dub nvics rlaicculs# Qn sőur sl pdnbsnbt í dub rnppldlr qul tiut

lc`nct bd giunbt í d(âvçqul# Lt$ qunck bd dl ùt piur kl eic$ bd

lctrn sb eblc kncs al rûdl$ qu(ic dub nvnbt bopisâ$ qu(bd oârbtn al

eld âdihl kl [jâikisl *cl d(nvics/cius pns kâgí abtâ9" qu(nvnct

kl dl aiccnãtrl bd cl snvnbt pns al qul a(âtnbt qu(uc âvçqul#

Bd `nut ngiutlr qul a(lst uc âvçqul ku bv' sbêadl# N alttl

âpiqul$ iò d(Lhdbsl hrnckbt$ plcknct qul tiut kâajibt nutiur

k(lddl$ kncs dls onbcs kl d(âvçqul sl râucbsslct plu í plu kls

nttrbeutbics oudtbpdls# Bd enptbsl$ bd prçajl$ bd aic`lssl$ bd kbrbhl

sic adlrhâ# Aldn lst kl tius dls tlops# Onbs aiool dn vbatibrl

ku ajrbstbncbsol$ lt surtiut alddl kl d(irtjikixbl$ c(lst pns

najlvâl$ bd n kls duttls í siutlcbr$ kls aicvlrsbics í ipârlr#

Jârbtblr kls npûtrls$ bd lst lcairl uc npûtrl# ]ubs bd s(nhbt kl

`nbrl d(âkuantbic kl als ciuvlddls rlaruls kl dn ìb# Lt aldn lst

lcairl d(n``nbrl kl d(âvçqul# Ngiutics qu(bd aicstrubt kls ensb/

*>" Pibr surtiut Lp#$ ZZBZ$ bI#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ £p#$ DZdbd$ 8>#

*1" Hrfh# Cnz$$ *jSnt#$ ZZB$ 5=#



QNBC[ NOdtddÖdQt7 [Pd(d/ >">S D(FPÊ^\L ABBUÂ[BLC# ;1

db*buls$ ìckl kls jûpbtnux$ ciurrbt ucl nroâl kl pnuvrls# J

lst dl kbrlatlur kl d(nssbstncal puedb*bul kl sic kbiaêsl# >> lc lst

nussb dl guhl kl pnbx$ lc kiccnct í alttl elddl lxprlssbic tiut

sic slcs# Ic dl aicsudtl$ sur tiutls sirtls k(n``nbrls$ n`bnbrls

k(bctkrût lt kl `nobddl$ aiool n``nbrls kl aicsablcal# Bd lst lc

iutrl dl kâ`lcslur cnturld kls `nbedls aictrl dls ìrts$ kls bckb/

vbkus$ kls vbddls aictrl d(Ltnt$ lxlragnct$ sldic dn ìrtl lxprlssbic

kl O# Pbddlonbc$ uc vrnb trbeucnd rldbhblux *d"# Bd nrrbvn oûol

qul alttl bctlrvlcdbic i``bablusl kl [âvlqul sl trncsìron$ kuoibcs piur dls aictdbts kls pnrtbaudblrs lctrl lux$ lc ucl ìrol

ciuvlddl$ onbs râhudbêrl kl dn gustbal$ lt qub ùt vbtl prâ`â/

râl í dn gustbal nkobcbstrntbvl k(ndirs# A(lst al qu(ic nppldn

d(nukblcal âpbsaipndl# Alttl gustbal pntlrclddl kl d(âviqul lut

í sic tiur d(bcddulcal sndutnbrl k(uc eic lxlopdl sur dn gustbal

i``bablddl ku hiuvlrclur$ lt cius aioprlcics onbctlcnct tiut

dl slcs kl al oit kl ]rieus í Noeribsl 7 « Nhbs cic aiool

uc guhl$ onbs aiool uc âvçqul# ¶

]rçtrl$ npûtrl$ nkobcbstrntlur$ trbeuc$ onhbstrnt$ vibdí kica

al qu(lst uc âvçqul# ûnck alt âvçqul lst snbct Noeribsl$ sic

natbicS oçol rldbhblusl$ kâpnssl dls dbobtls kl sic kbiaêsl#

Cius d(nvics vu râucbr kls aicabdls lt trnvnbddlr í ìrtb`blr kncs

d(Lhdbsl d(lsprbt k(ucbtâ lt kl hiuvlrclolct# Onbs$ lc kljirs kl

als iaansbics i``bablddls$ bd lst lc aicstnctl rldntbic nvla sls

aiddêhuls kl d(âpbsaipnt$ qub dl aicsudtlct pnr lxlopdl sur dl

slcs kl tld iu tld pnssnhl kl d(Larbturl *56# Dn rlbcl kls

Srnraioncsdub klonckl ucl sirtl kl antâajbsol í sic usnhl *1"#

]nudbc kl 9sidl vlut çtrl nttnajâ í sic adlrhâ *;"# ]nrtiut iò

bd y n uc klvibr kb``babdl í rlopdbr$ ic npplddl Noeribsl lt bd

naaiurt# ]lcknct dn duttl aictrl d(nrbncbsol$ ku vbvnct kl

*>" PbO#r#ONbC$ [kjdlnu kl d(âdiqulcal ajrâtblccl nu bT( sbêadl$ p# bb5bb#

*5"Pibr surtiud Lp#$ Pddd#

*1" ]nudbc$ Pbl k(Noeribsl$ 1H#

*;" ]nudbc$ lx Lpbst# nk Ndypbuo qu#b( isd npck Nc$b#cb/t## xov ndbns xxxv#



;; QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

Gustbcl$ bd vn snarlr uc âviqul nu ìylr oçol kl d(jârksbl$ íQbrobuo# édc pdlbcl rânatbic pnélccl$ bd `nbt dn kâkbanal kl

ensbdbqul9 í Eidihcl lt í @dirlcal# ]ubs al oçol jiool$

qu(iaauplct dls n``nbrls kl dn ajrâtblctâ lctbêrl$ nppnrtblct

nussb eblc nu pdus juoedl qub n elsibc kl dub# Qn pirtl lst

iuvlrtl# Ic dl triuvl trnvnbddnct# Lt$ pnr rlsplat piur als

jlurls k(âtukl sb pâcbedlolct kbsputâls í tnct kl sibcs$ ic

jâsbtl pnrìbs$ lt [ic sl rltbrl *B"# ‛ Nbcsb ku oibcs `nbsnbt

snbct Nuhustbc#

Dl hbnck snbct qul cius vlcics kl cioolr lst dl pdus

bddustrl kls antâajuoêcls k(Noeribsl# Dn aicquçtl qu(bd `bt

kl alttl íol piur dn ìb lst dn klrcbêrl prluvl kl sic nsalcknct$

lt dl klrcblr kl sls tbtrls kl hdibrl qul cius viudbics olc/

tbicclr# Cius siools jnebtuâs í aicsbkârlr dn aicvlrsbic

k(Nuhustbc aiool dl kâciulolct k(uc krnol tiut bctârblur#

Dls Aic`lssbics sict alplcknct pdlbcls kl dn rlaiccnbssncal

k(Nuhustbc piur Noeribsl# Bd eâcbt Kblu qub d(n aickubt í

Obdnc$ vlrs aldub qub klvnbt dl aickubrl í Kblu *5"# Bd rnaictl

alttl prlobêrl lctrlvul k(uc âvçqul lt k(uc pri`lsslur kl

rjâtirbqul# « D(jiool kl Kblu ol rlèut aiool uc pêrl *1"# ¶

Alttl bcstbcatbvl syopntjbl ùt dl aioolcalolct kl tiut#

Nuhustbc nddnbt âaiutlr Noeribsl$ lt plu í plu sl dnbssnbt

prlckrl nu ajnrol *;" kl sn pnridl$ pdus nttlctb` alplcknctlcairl í dn ìrol qu(nu ìck# Al qub cius pdnãt dl oibcs

nugiurk(jub kncs Noeribsl$ d(neus kl d(nddâhirbl kncs d(lxpdb/

antbic kl d(Larbturl$ âtnbt al qub sâkubsnbt Nuhustbc$ aiool

elnuaiup k(lsprbts pjbdisipjbquls k(ndirs$ lc dlur ìurcbssnct

uc ebnbs piur aribrl# Ic n rlonrquâ qul$ pnr ucl jlurlusl

*>" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Aic`#$ PB$ 1#

*5" Bk#$ P$ >1# Nk luo kualenr n dl clsablcs$ ut plr luo nk dl

kualrlr#

*1" Bk#

*;" Bk#



QNBC[ NOEUIBQL [R]L KL DSLPÊ^\L AJUÂ[BLC# ;<

aicairkncal kl dlurs åols$ Noeribsl sloedn$ plcknct tiutl

ucl pârbikl$ cl prçajlr qul piur Nuhustbc *>"# « Dn ondnkbl tl

prlssl$ kbsnbt/bd uc giur klvnct dub$ tn aicsablcal aiupnedl tl

erödl$ tic pâajâ t(âarnsl$ tic íoi lst kncs d(nchibssl# Aiccnbs/

tib tib/oçol lt klonckl uc rloêkl í dn prbêrl# Klonckl dl

slaiurs kl al oâklabc qub klsalckbt ku abld piur alux qub

âtnblct ondnkls$ kbsnct 7 ‛ Al cl sict pns dls hlcs eblc pirtncts

onbs alux qub siuddrlct qub ict elsibc ku oâklabc *5"# ¶ Oi/

cbqul subvnbt d(natbic eblc`nbsnctl lxlraâl sur sic `bds pnr dn

pnridl kl d(âviqul$ lt lddl @nbonbt kl tiutl sn rlaiccnbssncal

ontlrclddl$ lddl d(nbonbt$ aiool kbt Nuhustbc$ piur dl sndut

kl sic `bds *1"# D(lctjiusbnsol rldbhblux qub sl pripnhln plc/

knct dn plrsâautbic nrblccl hnhcn Nuhustbc$ quibqul dn ajndlur

kl d(Lsprbt Qnbct dl dnbssåt lcairl `ribk *;"$ sldic sls priprls

lxprlssbics# Lt alrtls a(âtnbt eblc dl splatnadl qu(bd `nddnbt piur

`bxlr alttl åol jâsbtnctl qul aldub k(uc jiool sör kl sn `ib$

sör kl sic kribt$ lt dls onbctlcnct sb jnut$ sncs qu(ic pöt

nppldlr sic âclrhbl ruklssl$ lt cnévltâ sn alrtbtukl# Anr bd

nvnbt$ lt Nuhustbc d(nvnbt âpriuvâ$ nutnct kl kiualur qul kl

`lroltâ$ lt a(âtnbt pnr sic âkuantbic$ aiool pnr sic tndlct$

d(âvçqul nvla dlquld uc pri`lsslur kl rjâtirbqul piuvnbt sl

triuvlr dl pdus k(bkâls aiooucls lt kl rlssloedncal# ]lu

nprês$ Nuhustbc nccicèn í Noeribsl sn aicvlrsbic$ lt dub

klonckn kls aicslbds piur sls dlaturls# Lt bd aictbcun tiugiurs

kl d(nppldlr sic pêrl$ pnral qul$ kbsnbt/bd$ bd d(nvnbt lchlckrâ

íGâsus/Ajrbst# Lt bd ngiutnbt7 « [iut dl oickl rionbc dub rlck

jioonhl$### lt dn `ib antjidbqul c(n pns k(bctlrprêtl pdus

sör *<"# ¶

*>" Enbcnru$ Jbstibrl kl snbct Noeribsl$ dbv# P$ aj# ;#

*5" Qnbct Norribsl$ Bc ]sndouo AZPBBB$ slroi xbx$ 5#

*1" Qnbct Nbhbstbc$ Aic`#$ P$ 5# Noerisbuo pripdlr sndutlcb oincb onxbol

kbdbhb(ent#

*;" Bk#$ BZ$ 8#

*<" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Aictrn ]ldnhbuo$ B$ 1#



;0 QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

[ld lst d(jiool kict cius nddics âtukblr dn pdnal lt dl rûdl

kncs d(jbstibrl kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl# A(lst dl rlprâslctnct ku

ajrbstbncbsol kncs dls klrcb*3rls duttls aictrl dls pnélcs$ a(lst$

kncs d(Iaabklct$ dl rlprâslctnct kl d(irtjikixbl aictrl d(nrbn/

cbsol$ a(lst dl aicslbddlr kl [jâikisl$ lc`bc a(lst dl onãtrl

k(Nuhustbc# Nvics/cius tirt kl plcslr qul aldn kiccl í sic

[rnbtâ kls Klvibrs quldqul nutirbtâ9 Lt al qul cius nvics kbt

kl sic âkuantbic$ kl sic lsprbt$ kl sic aőur$ c(lxpdbqul/t/bd

pns kâgí qu(bd nbt pu sl slctbr piur Abaâric quldqul n``bcbtâ$ sncs

qul Abaâric k(nutrl pnrt nbt pu dub su``brl# ‛ Qb cius cius klonc/

kbics$ pnrob dls `bhurls qub cius sict pdus `nobdbêrls$ í qub dl

aiopnrlr$ a(lst í Eissult qul cius plcslrbics# Cius y nvics

kâgí plcsâ# Eissult$ pnr dls bobtntbics qu(bd n `nbtls kl snbct

Noeribsl$ cius nutirbsl í alttl aiopnrnbsic *>"# >> cl s(nhbt

pns kl aiopnrlr dlur âdiqulcal# Al slrnbt `nbrl tirt í snbct

Noeribsl# Bd cl s(nhbt pns kl aiopnrlr dl rûdl pidbtbqul qul dls

âvâclolcts dlur ict `nbt# Al slrnbt `nbrl tirt í Eissult# Onbs

aldub/ab$ sncs qu(bd dub `öt elsibc piur aldn k(nuauc tbtrl i``b/

abld$ `ut dl ajl` rlaiccu kl d(Lhdbsl kl @rncal$ kl dn oûoloncbêrl qul aldub/dí `ut dl ajl` kl d(Lhdbsl k(Iaabklct# Onbs

dlurs bkâls sict aiudâls kncs dl oçol oiudl$ lt dlurs åols

sict kl dn oçol trlopl# Noeribsl löt vidictblrs tbrâ ucl pidb/

tbqul kl d(Âarbturl snbctl$ lt sn rbhbkl irtjikixbl löt siusarbt

í alttl kâ`bcbtbic 7 « D(jârâtbqul lst aldub qub n ucl ipbcbic *5"# ¶

Cl dlur rlpriajics pns kl c(çtrl pns irbhbcnux# Anr al slrnbt

dí piur lux uc sbhcl kl vârbtâ$ lt oârbtlr al rlpriajl löt âtâ

dlur noebtbic$ s(bd lc nvnblct lu# Dlur aickubtl n dn oçolsörltâ qul dlur plcsâl# Bd dlur oncqul prlsqul piur pnrdlr lt

pdnbrl í citrl bonhbcntbic quldqul `nbedlssl pnr iò d(juoncbtâ

*>" Pibr Enucnuk$ Jbstibrl kl snbct Noeribsl$ p# ;00$ ;81 lt <02# Dl klrcblrrnppriajlolct cius sloedl aictlstnedl#

*5" Abtâ pnr Erdcltbârl$ Ulvul kls klux Oickls$ >«(( niöt >:2>$

p# 00>#



QNBC[ NO\UIBQL [R]L KL D(ÂPÂ^\L AJUÂ[BLC# ;8

sl rkvêdl lc lux *>"# Onbs als klux pubssncts duddlurs ict lu

dnol pdlbcl kl tlckrlssl# Bds ict nboâ Kblu k(ucl nrklur bcdbcbl#

D(natbic n prbs dlurs klux lxbstlcals6 lt tius klux alplcknct

ict âtâ kls oikêdls kl vbl bctârblurl# Cius vlcics kl dl vibr

piur Noeribsl# Kl oçol ic cl aiccnãt pns Eissult qunck ic

c(n pns du sls Oâkbtåtbiãbs lt sls Ldavntbics# Ajlz d(uc aiool

ajlz d(nutrl lc`bc$ bkâls$ natbics$ tiut priaêkl kl dn `ib lt tlck

nu slrvbal kl Kblu# Nvla uc aiopdlt iuedb ku oib$ bds s(l``ir/

alct$ sncs qul dlur hâcbl dlur plrolttl k(y râussbr pdlbclolct$

kl c(çtrl qul kls kâ`lcslurs boplrsicclds kl dn trnkbtbic$ kl dn

vârbtâ$ kls âvçquls lc`bc# Lc lux ic lst kica nssurâ k(âtukblr$

iutrl lux/oçols$ quldqul ajisl qub dls kâpnssl lt qu(bds ict

rlprâslctâ#

*>" Aldtl bkâl lst três bchâcbluslolct lxprboâl$ í pripis kl Aissult$ pnr

O# Dncsic$ Eissult$ p# <5 lt slq#



AJN]B[UL BB

DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONB[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

Cius nvics kbt qu(Noeribsl$ nussbtût *Vu%bd ùt âvêqul$ ajlr/

ajn piur rlcslbhclolct qu(bd nvnbt í kicclr kls onãtrls lt

kls oikêdls# Lt aldn lst lcairl uc tb/nbt eblc rionbc kl sic

anrnatêrl# ûnck dls Uionbcs viudurlct pjbdisipjlr$ bds sl

klonckêrlct al qu(ic nvnbt plcsâ lc Hrêal$ lt sl aictlctêrlct

kl trnkubrl$ iu$ sb d(ic vlut$ kl trncspislr# Bds âtnblct câs kbs/

abpdls# Onbs alrtnbcls kiatrbcls$ lc pnssnct pnr dlurs onbcs$

prbrlct pdus kl `bxbtâ lt kl prâabsbic prntbqul# A(lst nbcsb qul dl

stiéabsol rionbc rbsqul kl cius `nbrl iuedblr qulddl lst dn vrnbl

pntrbl ku stiéabsol# Nux Hrlas k(bcvlctlr$ nux Uionbcs kl

`nbrl kurlr# Bd lc ùt kl dn tjâidihbl aiool kl dn pjbdisipjbl#

Lt al qub c(âtnbt qu(bcstbcat klvbct oâtjikl# Câs kbsabpdls$ dls

Uionbcs âtnblct câs irtjikixls#

Onbs dn trnkbtbic qub sl `bxl piur dl kihol lst lcairl bckâ/

absl lc oirndl# Dls hrncks oirndbstls dntbcs c(ict pns lcairl

âarbt$ pubsqul cius lc siools nux kâeuts kl snbct Noeribsl$

lt qul snbct Noeribsl lst dl onãtrl kl snbct Nuhustbc# Kl dn dla/

turl kls ]êrls npistidbquls$ qul d(ic `nbsnbt í d(âhdbsl *>"$ rlssir/

tnblct kls rêhdls ancicbquls lt nussb kls prâalptls oirnux#

Onbs als prâalptls kiccâs sius ìrol bopârntbvl$ sncs aioolc/

tnbrl$ cl aicstbtunblct pns uc lcslbhclolct# Al ùb kica vlrs

d(Irblct qu(Noeribsl tiurcn dls ylux# N Ndlxnckrbl ucl âaidl

*>" Pibr Qnbct #@ffòob6$ Kl vbrdsbdtustrbebbs$ Z6 Qiziolo7$ ãdb`Sd# Lrrd#$ Td #d(#b

\ovlrsbtâ kl Dyi#c# ‛ PBBB# N# ;



<= DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONB[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

kl pjbdisipdbbl ajrâtblccl s(âtnbt ìckâl$ iò ùrlct nhbtâs tius

dls priedêols qub klvnblct prâiaauplr tnct kl sbêadls# Irbhêcl

lc ùt dl pdus `âaick iuvrblr k(bkâls# Alttl âaidl nvnbt uc ncaçtrl$

]jbdic dl Gub`# ]jbdic lt Irbhêcl klvbcrlct dls onãtrls kl snbct

Noeribsl *>"# ‛ Cius vibab kica nolcâs í rloictlr nu kldí

ku Ajrbst oûol piur triuvlr dls siurals iò citrl snbct n pubsâ$

lt piur âtukblr dls bc`dulcals nvla dlsqulddls d(bc`dulcal kl

Abaâric s(lst rlcaictrâl# Qncs viudibr âtlckrl kâolsurâolct

citrl suglt$ lt suestbtulr í d(jbstibrl kl dn plcsâl k(Noeribslalddl kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl lddl/oçol$ aioolct cl pns

ngiutlr alttl rlonrqul qu(bd y n quldqul pnrnddâdbsol lctrl

als klux jbstibrls$ lt qul cius nddics rltriuvlr ucl kls kbrla/

tbics qul dn oirndl ajrâtblccl löt pu prlckrl$ sb lddl c(nvnbt lu

lc lddl/oçol dls prbcabpls k(ucl âvidutbic kb``ârlctl lt sb Uiol$S

ucl ìbs kâpdus$ c(nvnbt vnbcau d(Irblct# Onbs lddl cl d(n vnbcau

qu(lcsnssbobdnct dl olbddlur kl sn plcsâl$ kl sirtl

quld(âaidl

k(Ndlxnckrbl cic sludlolct onrqul uc oiolct kl dn oirndl

ajrâtblccl$ onbs lut sur dn aicstbtutbic kâ`bcbtbvl kl alttl

oirndl$ lt sur d(bkând kict cius vbvics$ sn pnrt râlddl k(bc/

`dulcal#

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl n bobtt($ kncs sic Kl ]nrnkbsbi$ dl trnbtâ kls Nddâhirbls

kls Dibs$ lt dl trnbtâ Kl dn Arântbic ku oickl kl ]jbdic 6 kncs sic Kl Anéc lt

Njld$ dl trnbtâ Kls Ajâruebcs lt kl Anbc ku oçol nutlur6 kncs sic kl Cil lt

Nb(an$ dl trnbtâ Kl PNhrbaudturl 6 kncs sic Kl Nernjno$ dl dbvrl kl ]jbdic

qub pirtl dl oçol tbtrl6 kncs sic Kl Gnaie lt vbtn tblntn$ dl trnbtâ bctbtudâ 7

ûl tiut jiool kl eblc lst dberl# K(nutrls bobtntbics kl kâtnbd sict í sbhcndlr#

Pibr lc pnrtbaudblr Kl [iebn$ 5= 6 lt Lpbsd# ZZPBB$ 5#

Qnbct Noeribsl s(bcspbrl tiugiurs k(Irbhêcl kncs d(bctlrprâtntbic kls

Âarbturls# K(nprês snbct Gârûol$ bd n bobtâ Irbhêcl kncs sic Jlxőolric# >>

su`jt kl rnppriajlr dls Aioolctnbrls kls ]snuolsZZZPB$ ZZZPBB ltZZZ Pddd

kls klux nutlurs piur qul dls lopructs kl snbct Noeribsl rlssirtlct nvla

âvbklcal# Qnbct Noeribsl n lcairl bobtâ Irbhêcl VJiobd# bc Dua"$ kncs sic

Lxpisbtbi Lanchldbb slauckuo Duano# Bd lst pdus qul prienedl lc`bc qu(bd n lulctrl dls onbcs dl Aioolctnbrl ku Anctbqul kls Anctbquls k(Irbhêcl$ lt s(lc

lst slrvb kncs sic Kl Bsnna lt Ncbon#



]BBBDIC# O

]jbdic#

]jbdic n âtâ ondbabluslolct nppldâ dl prloblr kls ]êrls kl

d(Âhdbsl *b"# Onbs d(Lhdbsl$ cl râussbssnct pns í kâoictrlr qul

]jbdic s(lst aicvlrtb *5"$ jâsbtl í rlaiccnãtrl al qu(lddl kibt í

uc Gub`# K(nutrl pnrt dls rneebcs dl rlcblct# ]rbs lctrl als klux

bchrntbtukls$ ]jbdic c(lst pdus k(nuauc pnrtb$ k(nuaucl rldbhbic$

lt sn hdibrl lc n siu``lrt# Bd sloedl qul dls prloblrs ajrâtblcs

nblct lu í sic lckribt oibcs kl sarupudls# Cius nddics kbrl

eblctût qul Adâolct lt Irbhêcl ùrlct sls kbsabpdls# Lt$ sb al

sict dí kls susplats$ ngiutics qul Gustbc *1" s(lst slrvb k*1 dub$ lt

nussb Ayrbddl# Ir Gustbc lt Ayrbddl sict kls snbcts# Lusêel vnctldn rbajlssl$ dn `âaickbtâ$ [âdâvntbic kl sic stydl lt dn priìcklur

kl sls plcsâls *;"# Qnbct Gârûol qundb`bl sls iuvrnhls kl rlonr/

qunedls *i"# Lc`bc cius cl cius iaaupics kl dub bab qul pnral

qul snbct Noeribsl c(n pns kâknbhcâ kl d(bobtlr# ‛ Ic triuvl

lcdub$ qu(lddls siblctkldub$ iu qu(bd `nbddl pdutût lc rlaudlr três

dibc d(irbhbcl$ kls bkâls qub sict klvlculs ajrâtblccls lc oâtn/

pjysbqul lt lc oirndl# Bd cius bctârlssl nu oibcs aiool dl

rlprâslctnct kl tiut uc pnssâ hris k(nvlcbr$ lt d(jârbtblr kl kia/

trbcls qul cius cl aiccnbssics pns# Bd rlprâslctl nussb$ lc oçol

tlops qul d(ucbic kls Gub`s lt kls Hrlas kncs alttl Ndlxnckrbl

eåtbl tiut lxprês piurdn ùsbic kls rnals lt kls bkâls$ d(ucbic kl dn

d(B" J#XL[$ dl Ajrbst bnbotcl lt sls irbhbcls$ t# BBB$ p# 1::#

*5" Alttl kâoicstrntbic n âtâ tlctâl pnrdl ]# E# kl Oict`nuaic$ [rnkua/

tbic kl dn vbl aictlopdntbvl$ ]nrbs$ > 8=2#

*1" Pibr surtiut Qnbo Gustbc$ NpiD$ B$ <2$ HI#

*;" LrsFbbF$ Jbst# LaaD$ BB#

*i" Qnbct Gfjòol$ Andnb$ sibgbt# alab# 7 « ipârn prőadnrn# ¶



<5 DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONB[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

ìb lt kl dn pjbdisipjbl# Lt pnr dí lcairl bd lst uc ncaçtrl# Dn

rldbhbic gubvl cl ùt qu(ucl rldbhbic# Dn pjbdisipjbl hrlaqul cl

ùt qu(ucl pjbdisipjbl# Ajlz ]jbdic cius triuvics dls klux

ajisls í dn ìbs$ aiool cius triuvics dls `nèics kl plcslr kl

rIrblct lt kl d(Iaabklct sb âtribtlolct nssiabâls lt aicìckuls

qu(ic lst siuvlct loenrrnssâ piur `nbrl kncs sls âarbts dn pnrt

kls ucls lt kls nutrls#

N alttl jnroicbl kl dn ìb lt kl dn pjbdisipjbl klux tjâirbls

vblcclct lc nbkl$ lt qub tiutls klux `brlct ìrtucl$ dn tjâirbl

kls lopructs lt alddl kls nddâhirbls# Qb cius triuvics kncs

]dntic kls bkâls aicìrols í alddls kl dn Ebedl$ a(lst qul

]dntic nvnbt aiccu dn Ebedl# Noeribsl neuslrn kl alttl lxpdb/

antbic aiooikl# Lt pdus tnrk bd `nukrn nussb qul Qâcêqul nbt

aiccu snbct ]nud# Bd lst vrnb qu(nvla uc lsprbt k(âqubtâ$ qub nurn

oibcs k(bobtntlurs$ ]jbdic bonhbcl$ kncs sn Pbl kl OiéslS qul

Oiésl í sic tiur nurnbt eblc pu aiccnãtrl ]dntic# Anr dn `bddl ku]jnrnic `bt sb eblc dls ajisls piur sic pritâhâ qu(lddl nppldn kls

onãtrls hrlas$ ondhrâ dn kâplcsl$ ltbdclalssnbtpdustnrkk(âtukblr

dlurs kiatrbcls *>"# ]lu bopirtlct dls aictrnkbatbics lt dls ncn/

ajricbsols# Iu pdutût bd y `nut vibr uc tâoibhcnhl kl pdus kl

d(bctlctbic kl d(nutlur qub cl rlaudl pns klvnct d(bcvrnbslo/

ednedl# Als lopructs râabpriquls lxpdbqulct qul alrtnbcs

kihols rldbhblux siblct nussb kls kihols pjbdisipjbquls# ‛ûnck bd y n$ nu aictrnbrl$ râpuhcncal lctrl dn rnbsic lt dn ìb$

a(lst í d(nddâhirbl qu(ic n rlaiurs# ]jbdic c(lst pns d(bcvlctlur

kl alttl oâtjikl# Dls fneendbstls nvnblct kâgí aiopnrâ dls

râabts kl dn dib nu vçtlolct kl dn dib$ lt nvnblct trnbtâ k(bcslcsâs

alux qub s(lc tblcclct nu vçtlolct *5"# ûnck dls Gub`s sl

triuvêrlct lc prâslcal kl Hrlas rnbddlurs í aicvlrtbr$ iu tiut

nu oibcs í kâsnrolr$ bds nppldêrlct vçtlolct kl dn dib tiut al

*>" ]jbdi#c$ Pbl kl Oiésl$ âkbtbic SOnchly$ t# BB$ p# :1 lt :><# Cius abtlrics

tiugiurs ]jbdic kncs alttl âkbtbic#

*5" WiuNJ$ abtâ pnr N# Bobncf$ dn Fneendl#



]JBDIC# <1

qub piuvnbt hçclr dls lsprbts ìrts$ lt obrlct sius al vçtlolct

í plu prês tiut al qu(bds viudurlct# ]iur çtrl gustl$ bd `nut

ngiutlr qul als oçols Hrlas dlur nvnblct kiccâ d(lxlopdl$ lt

alttl oâtjikl nddâhirbqul lst kl alddl kict ic cl snbt lc vârbtâ

sb lddl vblct k(Irblct iu k(Iaabklct# ûnck dls `nedls kl dn

oytjidihbl aioolcaêrlct í sanckndbslr dl eic slcs lt dl slcs

oirnd klvlcus pdus rlhnrkncts$ ic sl obt í dls bctlrprâtlr# Ic

y vbt d(lxprlssbic kl pjâcioêcls pjysbquls$ kl râvidutbics

aisobquls6 lt ic put kâaloolct rlstlr pnélc# Dn Ebedl suebt

kica dn oçol ipârntbic# Lt$ jnebtuâs pdus iu oibcs í plcslr lt

í pnrdlr pnr bonhls$ alux qub ndirs dbsnblct dn Ebedl lurlct oibcs

kl sarupudl qul c(lc nurnblct alux qub dn dbslct nugiurk(jub í

naalptlr alttl plrpâtulddl vbidlcal qub dub âtnbt `nbtl# Cius cl

klvics kica pns guhlr$ nvla cis lsprbts pdus ìroâs í dn prâabsbic

lt pdus rlsplatulux kls tlxtls$ kls jnebtukls kl plcsâl qub sict

k(ucnutrl

tlopslt

k(ucnutrl

pnys# ûibqu(bd

lcsibt$ d(bon/

hbcntbic suetbdl kls Ndlxnckrbcs sl kiccn dberl anrrbêrl$ lt sb$

í Gârusndlo$ dn dlttrl iesaurabssnbt d(lsprbt$ í Ndlxnckrbl d(lsprbt

`bt s(âvnciubr dn dlttrl#

Bd `nut abtlr quldquls lxlopdls kl alttl lxâhêsl kl ]jbdic$

pubsqu(nussb eblc d(lxâhêsl kl snbct Noeribsl lc priaêkl#

]jbdic n âarbt tribs dbvrls bctbtudâs Nddâhirbls kls Dibs# Qic

priaâkâ y nppnrnãt sb oâtjikbqulolct iutrâ qu(ic aribrnbt í

ucl hnhlurl# Dirsqu(bd lst kbt qul Kblu pdnctn dl pnrnkbs$ cl

vius `bhurlz pns qul Kblu `bt uc oâtblr kl gnrkbcblr# Al slrnbt

bopbâtâ lt hrissbêrltâ k(lsprbt# Lctlcklz qu(bd n sloâ dls vlrtus

kncs dl ai(ur kl d(jiool# Dl pnrnkbs ùt nppldâ Lklc pnral

qul Âklc vlut kbrl pdnbsbr$ lt qul dl pdnbsbr kibt çtrl dí ib.b lst dn

vlrtu# Lt al pnrnkbs ùt tiurcâ vlrs d(Irblct$ pnral qul dn vlrtu kbs/

sbpl$ aiool uc sidlbd dlvnct$ dls eriubddnrks kl d(íol *>"# ûntrl

cluvls d(nrrisnblct# Bds rlprâslctlct dls quntrl vlrtus *5"$

*>" ]dB\#IC$ t# B$ p# bgd lt QAbB#

*5" Bk#$ p# <=$ <8#



<; DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONÃ[ULQ KL QNBC[ NO\UIBQL#

D(jiool$ rjitl kl al pnrnkbs$ a(lst rlcdlcklolct ajnrhâ kl

audtbvlr dls vlrtus *>"# Kblu lc`bc dub kiccl ucl aiopnhcl$ ‛dn slcsbebdbtâ *5"# Lt aldn aictbcul nbcsb# Onbs ]jbdic olt kls

nddâhirbls nbddlurs qul kncs sls dbvrls kls Nddâhirbls# Bd lc olt

pnrtiut# Qnrn glttl Nernjno kncs dls erns k(Nhnr# A(lst qu(ic

cl plut nrrbvlr í dn snhlssl qu(nprês s(çtrl kiccâ í dn sablcal

qub lst sn subvnctl *1"# Aioolct cl pns vibr lc`bc kncs dl kuld

`rntrbabkl kl Gnaie lt k(Lsnbb dn duttl bctlstbcl kl cis eics lt kl

cis onuvnbs bcstbcats *;"9 D(jbstibrl kl dn tiur kl Eneld n uc slcs

lcairl pdus pri`ick# Dls oâajncts s(nssiablct piur dl ond$ onbs

triuvlct kncs dlurs vbals oçol dl prbcabpl qub kbssiut dlur

nssiabntbic# Bds cl s(lctlcklct pdus *<"#

Bd nrrbvl oçol qul ]jbdic ajlrajl uc slcs anajâ nux pnssnhls

kict dl slcs dbttârnd lst dl pdus adnbr lt dl pdus âdlvâ# Pibab d(nddâ/

hirbl bctrikubtl gusqul kncs dn oirndl# Qb tic priajnbc$ lst/bd

kbt$ t(n kiccâ lc hnhl sn aiuvlrturl$ tu dn dub rlckrns nvnct dl

aiuajlr ku sidlbd 6 anr a(lst sic slud nerb$ dl slud vibdl kl sn

cukbtâ 6 aioolct s(lcvldipplrnbt/bd piur kirobr 9 Bd arblrn vlrs

oib$ lt gl d(âaiutlrnb 6 anr gl subs dn pbtbâ# « Bd sloedl$ kbt

gustlolct O# Jnvlt$ qul gnonbs tlxtl c(n lu oibcs elsibc kl

aioolctnbrl kncs sn sbopdbabtâ sb tiuajnctl *0"# ¶ Onbs ]jbdic

cl plut nkolttrl qul Kblu s(iaaupl kl al qul klvblckrn ucl

aiuvlrturl# ]ubs qub prçtlrnbt sur ucl aiuvlrturl9 Lt sb ic

nvnbt prçtâ lc`bc$ ic `lrnbt eblc kl hnrklr sic hnhl# ]jbdic cl

aioprlck pns# A(lst qu(bd cl vlut pns aioprlckrl$ n`bc kl sl

olttrl kncs dn câalssbtâ kl ajlrajlr uc nutrl slcs# Dn aiuvlr/

turl a(lst dn rnbsic sur dnqulddl dls pnssbics ict prbs kl d(lopbrl#

*>" ]jbdic$ t# B$ p# 0>#

*5" Bk#$ p# 00$ 08#

*1" 8k#$p# k5=#

*;" Bk#$ p# 15=#

*e" )*W#$p# ;=0#

*0" Jnvlt$ dl Ajrbstbncbsol lt sls irbhbcls$ t# ddd$ p# ;50#



]BddDIC# <<

onbs *{brbd cius `nut nesiduolct kâdbvrlr nvnct qul dn cubt si

sibt `nbtl kncs citrl íol *>"# *bIool aldn lst pdus elnu lt k(ucl

pdus jnutl spbrbtundbtâ .

C(nddics pns aribrl alplcknct qul alttl bctlrprâtntbic kls

rêhdls oirndls prntbquls brn gusqu(í dls supprbolr# Ku oibcs

]jbdic s(bctlrkbt/bd alttl aicsâqulcal$ qub piurrnbt nddlr dibc$

kl sls prbcabpls# Bd edåol alux qub$ kncs dlur rlajlrajl k(uc

slcs ùynct lt bctârblur$ s(n``rncajbsslct kl tiutl ieslrvncal

lxtârblurl lt picatulddl# Dls `çtls cl sict qul kls `bhurls kls

gibls kl d(íoa# Al c(lst pns ucl rnbsic piur oncqulr nux aârâ/

oicbls ku audtl# Dn vrnbl abraicabsbic lst dl rltrncajlolct kls

viduptâs$ qub cl kbsplcsl pns kl d(nutrl abraicabsbic# Onbs

tiutl dib lst kiuedl# Lddl lst airps lt åol# Kl oçol qu(bd `nut

rlsplatlr dl airps qub lst d(lcvldippl kl d(åol$ ic jicirl

d(lsprbt kl dn dib lc lc ieslrvnct dn dlttrl *5"# O# Ulcnc n oçol

`nbt ieslrvlr qul alttl strbatl kbsabpdbcl lst dl rnajnt kls jnr/

kblssls kl dn plcsâl 7 « Dn pnuvrl juoncbtâ c(n pns nsslz k(bc/

tlddbhlcal piur suppirtlr klux dbelrtâs í dn ìbs *1"# ¶ D(lxâhêsl

lst susplatl$ qunck lddl neiutbt í kls booucbtâs lt ìurcbt kls

lxausls# Alddl kl ]jbdic lst kica nu/klssus kl als siupèics# Ic

c(lc piurrnbt kbrl nutnct kl tiutls alddls qub dub suaaâkêrlct# ‛Onbs aldn cius kâoictrl lc oçol tlops qu(lc nttrbeunct$ aiool

cius d(nvics `nbt$ nux elsibcs kl dn pripnhnckl dn ot(ddbikl kl

]jbdic$ cius cl d(nvics pns su``bsnoolct lxpdbquâl# Anr dls

aicalssbics sur dn ìrol lt sur dls prntbquls nurnblct âtâ ndirs

dls prlobêrls kl tiutls# Qb dls nddâhirbls ict nbkâ í nttbrlr alr/

tnbcls bctlddbhlcals qul ajiqunbt dn ontârbndbtâ ku tlxtl$ aiool

pdus tnrk Nuhustbc$ lddls c(nvnblct pns âtâ bonhbcâls qul piur

aldn# Lddls sict d(őuvrl sbcaêrl k(lsprbts nbcsb `nbts qu(bds cl

pluvlct vibr sbopdlolct dls ajisls$ qu(bd dlur `nut lc tiut ku

*>" ]jbdic$ t# B$ p# 01;$ 017g#

*5" O#$ t# B$p# ;6ã=#

*1" Ulcnc$ d(Âhdbsl ajrâtblccl$ p# :;#



<0 DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONB[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

oystêrl$ lt *|bb%uc dnchnhl qul d(ic aioprlck dlur sloedl bckbhcl

klKblu# Nussb ]jbdic suetbdbsl/t/bddl slcs kls oitsgusqu(ícldlur

dnbsslr lxprbolr qul kls vârbtâs k(irkrl oirnd lt bctlddlatuld#

N alux qub$ kncs dls oits$ dbslct tnct kl ajisls anajâls qul

cl kbslct pns dls cioerls9 A(lst lc l``lt lc vlrtu ku oçoltiur klsprbt qul ]jbdic aâdêerl dls oârbtls ku cioerl 0# Kblu

`bt dl oickl lc sbx giurs# Aldn c(lst kbt qul piur `nbrl vndibr dl

cioerl 0$ dl prloblr qub sibt í dn ìbs kbvbsbedl pnr 5 lt

kbvbsbedl pnr 1 *>"# Kblu s(lst rlpisâ dl slptbêol giur# Ir dl

cioerl 8 lst cic oibcs olrvlbddlux# Bd y n slpt pdncêtls$

slpt giurs kl dn slonbcl$ slpt oloerls ku airps juonbc$ *lc

nppldnct oloerls al qu(bd pdnãt k(nppldlr nbcsb"$ slpt trius

kncs dn `bhurl juonbcl *klux ylux$ klux irlbddls$ klux cnrbcls

lt dn eiuajl"# Dls lc`ncts vbvlct í slpt oibs# Dl slptbêol giur

lst kâabsb` kncs d(âvidutbic k(ucl ondnkbl *5"# Lt bd lst kls lxlo/

pdls qul cius cl abtics pns# ûb c(n pns du als pnhls cl aio/prlck pns ]jbdic# ûb dls n duls cl aioprlck pns knvnctnhl¶

onbs snbt nu oibcs qu(bd cl aioprlck pns#

[iutl dn pjbdisipjbl kl ]jbdic lst boprâhcâl kl al oystb/

absol# Onbs cius cl viudics pnrdlr cb kl sn tjâirbl ku Plrel$

cb kl dâenuajl kl [rbcbtâ qul d(ic triuvl ajlz dub# Cius cius

eircics í sn oirndl# Lddl`nbtairpsnvlasn oâtjikl# @ickâl tiut

lctbêrl sur ucl ippisbtbic rnkbandl kl dn ajnbr lt kl d(lsprbt$ lddl

n kl tiutl oirndl oystbqul dn sâkuatbic lt dls pârbds# Dn vlrtu lst

ajisl tiut bctârblurl# ]jbdic c(lst pns uc pjnrbsblc# Q(bd sl

siuolt$ aiool cius d(nvics vu$ nu ìrondbsol$ bd cl aribt pns

qul dl ìrondbsol su``bsl# Kblu c(lst pns npnbsâ pnr kl rbajls

jâantioels$ onbs pnr uc aőur pur# Lt quldqulìbs d(lxprlssbic

kl als jnutls vârbtâs kncs dn eiuajl kl ]jbdic lst tiutl stié/

ablccl *1"# Onbs vibab qub lst oibcs stiéablc# Kundbstl aicsâ/

*>" ]jbdic$ t# >$ p# ;;#

*5" Gr`#$ p# ;66$ ;0#

*1" Bk#$ p# 15;# Pibr dn `bc kl al ajnpbtrl#



]JBDIC# E8

qbbact$ ]dbbdicpiussida bbF(prbs ku oicki Gusqu(nu plssbobsol *>"$

lt aldub kl dn ajnbr gusqu(í dn outbdntbic *5"# >> n kl d(ucb/

vlrsld pâajâ ucl aicalptbic qub slrn kâpnssâl$ onbs qub

c(lc löt pns oibcs kiccâ dl `rbssic í uc Jlddêcl# Dl gu/

knésol$ prlcnct pjbdisipjbqulolct aicsablcal kl dub/oçol$

cl piuvnbt neiutbr qu(í al hlcrl kl kiatrbcl *1"# Dn ajutl lt

dn hâcârntbic sict piur ]jbdic ucl sludl lt oçol ajisl$ al

qub lxpdbqul d(bc`bcbl pripnhntbic ku ond# Dn `lool lst d(âdâolct

slcsbedl qub plrk d(jiool$ lt ]jbdic pnrdl k(lddl aiool Qaji/plcjnulr# Dn oirndbtâ aicsbstl kica í kâ`nbrl d(őuvrl ku pâajâ$

a(lst/í/kbrl í kâhnhlr d(åol ku airps qub lst sic tioelnu# A(lst

dn aicalptbic$ ic dl vibt$ dn pdus nsaâtbqul qu(bd sibt pissbedl

k(bonhbclr#

Onbs alttl vlrtu nsaâtbqul c(lst qul dl aioolcalolct kl dn

vlrtu# A(lst ucl vlrtu « k(lc`ncts ¶# Bd `nut qul d(bkâl kl Kblu lt

kl sic slrvbal s(ngiutl í lddl$ lt dub kiccl pdus kl prbx# « Dls

vlrtus sict eiccls lc lddls/oçols 6 onbs lddls sict olbddlurls

sb ic dls prntbqul piur jicirlr Kblu# ¶ O# Bdnvlt$ qub abtl al pns/

snhl$ ieslrvl qul dn oirndl qub$ piur Qiarntl lt dls sblcs$ âtnbt

siuvlrnbcl$ sl triuvl kâsironbs sueirkiccâl *;"# Aribrl klvblct

pnr subtl dl prloblr kls klvibrs# Dl oit rG‛76 prlck ucl `iral

lt uc slcs ciuvlnu *i"# Lt d(bcarâkudbtâ klvblct uc arbol *0"#

Qb lcairl alttl `ib âtnbt dn râaioplcsl kl dn sbcaârbtâ kl d(lsprbt$

lt aiool dl sbhcl lt dl aiuricclolct ku vrnb oârbtl# Onbs

Kblu `nbt pdluvibr sn hråal iò bd vlut *8"# Cius cl siools pns

dls nutlurs kl cis eiccls natbics# « Qb d(åol kbt 7 a(lst oib qub

pdnctl$ lddl lst snarbdêhl### D(åol qub lc`nctl k(lddl/oçol

*>" ]jbdic$ d# B$ p# >2:#

*5" X#$ p# 55;#

*#1" Pibr WbF`bb#FU$ Hasajbajtl klv ajrbsd\ajlc ldjb\$ p# ;: lt slq#

*;" Jnvlt$ dl Ajrbstbncbsol lt sls irbhbcls$ t# >>>$ p# bI(G#

*<" O#$ p# ;=1#

*0" ]jbdic$ t# >$ p# =516 d# >>$ .3# ddb#

*8"X#$ t# d$p# Ãb22#



i: DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONÃ[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

nvirtl *>"# ¶ Kblu sl rbt kl cis l`ìrts bckbvbkulds6 lt$ qunck

cius nvics aru cius vnbcarl$ bd cius nvlrtbt pnr ucl ajutl kl

citrl irhulbd# Dirsqul cius siools `nbedls nu aictrnbrl$ bd

cius `nbt trbiopjlr *5"# Lc uc oit Kblu lst dl aioolcalolct

lt dn `bc kl tiut *1"# Bd lst dl aioolcalolct 7 dn sablcal vblct

kl dub$ aiool dn vlrtu# ]iur lddl nussb bd y n ucl hråal# [iutl

sablcal juonbcl c(lst qul râobcbsalcal k(ucl râvâdntbic

prboirkbndl *;"# Anr d(jiool$ kbsics/dl ucl ìbs kl pdus$ cl

plut rblc pnr dub/oçol# Onbs$ piur rltriuvlr lc cius alttl

sablcal qub y n âtâ obsl$ bd cius `nut lcairl dl slaiurs kl Kblu#

]jbdic cius `nbt dn aic`bklcal kl sls priprls bopubssncals$ lt

kls anprbals kbvbcs$ nuxqulds sic lsprbt lt sic trnvnbd sict

siuobs * i"# ‛ Kblu$ nvics/cius kbt$ lst nussb dn `bc ku tiut# Dl

siuvlrnbc eblc kl d(jiool lstkl dl pissâklr# ]iur ietlcbr alttl

pisslssbic$ bd `nut ùbr dn tlrrl$ dl airps$ dls slcs$ dn rnbsic$ bd `nut

sl ùbr sib/oçol *0"# Ndirs í [åol erödnctl kl kâsbr$ gusqu(í `nbrl

trloedlr kl `bêvrl dl airps qu(lddl ncbol *8"$ Kblu sl dbvrl 7

a(lst d(lxtnsl#

[lds sict dls prbcabpnux trnbts kl dn oirndl kl ]jbdic# Cius

c(nvics lopructâ nuauc k(lux nu trnbtâ Kl dn vbl aictlopdntbvl$

kict d(nutjlctbabtâ lst klpubs quldquls nccâls aictlstâl *:"# Onbs

qu(bd sibt iu cic kl ]jbdic$ al trnbtâ nppnrtblct nu oçol aiu/

rnct k(bkâls# Bd cl dnbssl kica pns qul k(çtrl bcstruatb` piur

*>" O# Klos {Jbstibrl kls tjâirbls lt kls bkâls oirndls kncs Pnctbqbídâ$ t# Bd$

p# 1=0" n ìrtlolct aioolctâ als tlxtls#

*5" ]jbdic$ t# d$ p# :>#

*1" O#$ p# 1;1#

*;" Bk#$ t# BB$ p# ;=2#

*<" O#$ t# B$ p# ;;>#

*0" Bk#$ p# ;:5#

*8" Bk#$ p# 1:=#

*:" Pibr Obajld Cbaidns$ Ulvulkl

tjâidihblkl Qtrnseiurh$ >:0:$ p# 51/;5 6

Hrnltz$ Jbstibrl ku guknésol$ lt Plrcls$ Ulvul nctbqul$ >:8;$ p# 521# O# Cb/

aidns vibt kncs d(iuvrnhl lc dbtbhl ucl sirtl k(nopdb`bantbic ku trnbtâ kl]jbdic 7 ûl tiut jiool kl eblc lst dberl# O# Ulcnc lst tiut râaloolct



]dddDIC# <2

cius# Bd y lst pnrdâ k(uc vârbtnedl irkrl rldbhblux# Alux *Vub dl

aiopislct klolurlct dibc kls vbddls$ iò bd y n trip kl triuedl

ld kl erubt piur d(íol qu(nucl ìbs nttbrâl dn snhlssl$ *benauc

jnebtl uc oiklstl aittnhl$ nsslz âdibhcâ kl aldub ku vibsbc

piur qu(bd sibt pissbedl k(y olclr ucl vbl sidbtnbrl$ nsslz rnp/

priajâ piur qul quldqul dblc kl siabâtâ suesbstl# [lddl lst lclbélt

d(irhncbsntbic kl dlur vbl 7 ajnauc n ajlz dub ucl ajnoerl kl

pbâtâ$ uc irntibrl iò bd âvbtl tiutl iaaupntbic qub rlhnrkl dl

airps6 onbs bd y vbt nvla Kblu$ prbnct$ âtukbnct$ s(bchâcbnct ítriuvlr nux Larbturls uc slcs anajâ# Qbx giurs kl dn slonbcl

sl pnsslct nbcsb# Onbs$ dl slptbêol$ tius sl rlcklct kncs ucl

vnstl snddl sâpnrâl pnr ucl adibsic jnutl kl tribs aiukâls lc

klux pnrtbls$ d(ucl piur dls jiools$ d(nutrl piur dls `lools*anr

a(lst uc irkrl k(jiools lt kl `lools"$ kl `nèic í al qul$ sncs sl

vibr$ jiools lt `lools lctlcklct dn oçol pnridl$ alddl ku pdus

ncablc qub vblct dlur lxpdbqulr d(lcslbhclolct kbvbc# [iutls dls

slpt slonbcls uc encqult `ruhnd$ qul d(nutlur ippisl nux enc/

qults ku oickl$ râucbt tiutl dn aiooucnutâ# Ic y onchl$

aiool dls nutrls giurs$ ku pnbc lt ku sld$ lt ic y eibt kl d(lnu#

Onbsic y ajnctl lc aioouc kls jyocls í dn hdibrl ku Qlbhclur$

]ubs$ aiool kncs dls râabts k(Nudu/Hlddl$ ic kbsautl tius dls pri/

edêols qub sl prâslctlct# Dn `çtl sl pridichl lt dn cubt sl pnssl lc

kncsls jiccçtls# Bd lc lst oçol ucl qub lst dichulolct kâarbtl$ lt

qul cius npplddlrbics brrâvârlcabluslolct ucl `bhurl kl aitbddic#

Jiools lt `lools$ rnchâs sur klux`ricts kl entnbddl$ sl rlgib/

hclct nprês quldquls âvidutbics$ piur `bhurlr als klux ournbddls

k(lnu qub$ nprês nvibr dnbssâ pnsslr dls Jâerlux lctrl lddls kncs dn

olr Uiuhl$ ìckbrlct d(ucl sur d(nutrl piur ciylr dls Lhyptblcs#

Nbcsb als oibcls olttlct kl d(nddâhirbl gusqul kncs dlurs kncsls#

N qulddl kntl sl rnV"pirtl alttl pbttirlsqul klsarbptbic9

ûlds sict als sidbtnbrls kictlddl pnrdl9 Ict/bds oçol gnonbs

rlvlcu sur aa`tiquisdbic$ ltaica\\ lc `nvlur kl d(ndtbbdtutbic í BObbdibb dub/

oçol ku trnbtâ Kl tn vbl aictlopdntbvl# {Giurcnd bdas nnvncd`$ dâvrblr BJ(G5#"



0= DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONÃ[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

lxbstâ9 Al sict qulstbics onbctlcnct siudlvâls# Onbs uc trnbtâ

kl ]jbdic qub c(lst pns aictlstâ *>" cius i`[rl uc tnedlnu

prlsqul ncndihul kl dn vbl kls Lssâcblcs$ als qunflrs kl dn

Gukâl# ]nab`bquls nhrbaudtlurs$ bds bhcirlct dl aioolral lt dn

hulrrl# Bds c(ict pibct k(lsadnvls$ onbs sl slrvlct dls ucs dls

nutrls# Bds olttlct tiut lc aioouc# Kl sablcal$ bds cl vludlct

aiccnãtrl qul dn oirndl# [iutls dls plrsâautbics c(ict pu vnbcarl

dlur snbctltâ# Lc`bc$ al sict kls ajnstls *5"# ‛ ûnck ]jbdic

c(nurnbt pns âarbt dl trnbtâ Kl dn Pbl aictlopdntbvl$ bd c(lc slrnbt

kica pns oibcs uc kls pntrics ku oicnajbsol *1"# Lt kâgí cius

vivics sl klssbclr kncs d(Irblct alt bkând k(ucl vbl olcâl dibc

ku oickl$ riopnct nvla dls aickbtbics jnebtulddls kls siabâtâs

juonbcls$ pdus oâkbtntbvl$ pdus bctârblurl$ pdus iaaupâl kl

Kblu lc`bc$ qub klvnbt lxlralr sur dls åols ajrâtblccls ucl

sb aictnhblusl sâkuatbic#

]jbdiclst dl kbsabpdl

kltnct kl hlcs

*;"qu(bd c(lst$ í vrnb

kbrl$ dl kbsabpdl kl plrsiccl# Qn pjbdisipjbl$ lt aldn lc `nbt

piur cius d(bctârçt jbstirbqul$ lst uc rlcklz/vius kl kiatrbcls

lt aiool kl rnals kbvlrsls# Bd lst suplrtdu kl rnppldlr qu(bd lst

Irblctnd$ qu(bd lst Gub`# Onbs bd lst três kiutlux qul al Gub` nbt

pnrdâ ucl nutrl dnchul qul dn dnchul hrlaqul# Qb eblc qu(bd

lst nolcâ í ajlrajlr piur sn plcsâl$ piur sn ìb kls ìroudls

qub siblct hrlaquls# Lt a(lst ]dntic qub dls dub ìurcbt dl oblux#

K(ibb vblct alttl n``bcbtâ ku pdnticbsol lt kl d(Irblct9 [iugiurs

lst/bd qu(lddl lxbstl$ lt qul dls nutrls pjbdisipjbls hrlaquls ict

kö sl olttrl í dn rloirqul kl alddl/dí qub dlur nvnbt aiool

prâpnrâ dn vibl# Ic n sbhcndâ onbcts pibcts aiooucs í dn

tjâidihbl kl ]jbdic lt í alddl kl ]dntic yYi"$ sncs qu(ic pubssl

*>" ûl tiut jiool kl eblc lst dberl#

*5" ]jbdic$ t# BB$ p# ;i8 lt slq#*1" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ ZZBB$ 10$ dl abtl aiool tld#

*;g Pibr Eibs$ Lssnbs sur dls irbhbcls kl dnpjbdisipjbl gukâi/nfxnckrãcl$ >:2=#

{<g Jnvlt$ dia# abt#$ p# 12=/12<$ ;=< 6 Kldnucny$ ]jbdic kSNdlxnckrbl$ p# 18'



]BBBD\C# 0>

kbrl s(bds sict kus í kls lopructs kl ]bbbdic iu ídn rlcaictrl kl

dlurs klux plcsâls# Onbs al *gub$ oblux qul tlddl iu tlddl purdbl

kl sic systêol iò dl hâcbl kl d(Irblct sl rltriuvnbt$ kâsbhcnbt

]dntic í dn prâ`ârlcal lt í [bobtntbic kl ]jbdic$ a(lst d(lctjiu/

sbnsol qub d(ncbol$ a(lst dl slcs ku kbvbc qu(bd n pissâkâ í uc

tld klhrâ$ a(lst alttl citbic kl quldqul ajisl kl surcnturld

lt aiool k(ucl hråal qub sl oûdl í d(nrt$ í dn sablcal lt gusqu(í

dn vlrtu# \c âarbvnbc$ três kâdbant npprâabntlur kls ajisls kl

d(nctbqubtâ$ cius n oictrâ kncs d(âqubdberl kls `naudtâs$ kncs dn

olsurl lc tiutls ajisls$ kncs d(nuticiobl kl d(lsprbt$ kncs

d(najêvlolct kl al qu(bd y n lc cius kl vrnbolct juonbc$

tiutls qundbtâs qub aicstbtulct dl typl oirnd k(Nrbstitl$ dn

plr`latbic sldic dl hiöt kls Hrlas *Bg# Qb aldn lst$ dn oirndl

kl ]dntic lst oibcs hrlaqul qul alddl kl sic suaalsslur# Lt

d(ic aioprlck dl kiuedl slcs kl alttl pjrnsl sb siuvlct abtâl 7

« Lst/al ]dntic qub pnrdl aiool ]jbdic$ iu ]jbdic qub pnrdl

aiool ]dntic *5"9 ¶

]ubs cius nvics tiut dblu kl aribrl$ quibqul dls rlcslb/

hclolcts jbstirbquls cius `nsslct kâ`nut$ qul kls pjbdisipjls

lxbstêrlct qub piussêrlct dl pdnticbsol pdus dibc qul ]dntic#

Kl dn `nobddl pjbdisipjbqul kl ]dntic$ cius cl aiccnbssics

lc l``lt qu(ucl erncajl$ alddl qub$ kncs d(jârbtnhl ku onãtrl$

prbt piur lddl dn kbndlatbqul# Onbs bd slrnbt âtrnchl qul dl ]dntic

kl dn kbndlatbqul nbt âtâ piur dls hâcârntbics qub dl subvbrlct tiut

]dntic$ lt qul plrsiccl c(nbt sichâ í rlaulbddbr lt í `nbrl

`ruatb`blr dls nutrls pnrtbls kl sn plcsâl$ k(nutnct qul alrtnbcs

bckbals *1g onrqulct$ piur als oûols hâcârntbics$ kncs dn

aiurel kls slctbolcts juonbcs$ uc klhrâ âdlvâ kl oystbabtâ lt

kl rldbhbisbtâ# Anrcânkl c(lst kica pns dl vrnb kbsabpdl kl

]dntic# Lt k(nutrls$ qul cius cl aiccnbssics pns$ lt qub dbrlct

*>" Idb#f/Do(rbcf$ dn Oirndl k(Nrbsditl$ adb# bb#

*5" ]bbi[bis$ d\edbitf#$ p# :`"#

*1" Pibr J#vvL[$ tia# abt#$ t# bd$ Vf >526 B# BBB# _3# ;=i#



05 DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONB[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

anusl aiooucl nvla d(âaidl nttnrkâl iu rlcnbssnctl kl ]ytjn/

hirl$ aictbcuêrlct ucl trnkbtbic qub prâpnrn d(lsprbt hrla í sn

rlcaictrl nvla d(lsprbt kl d(Irblct# ]dutnrqul$ qub vbct pdus tnrk$

cius sloedl nvibr âtâ$ ondhrâ sic eic slcs râputâ$ d(uc kls

klrcblrs rlprâslctncts kl alttl trnkbtbic$ dub piur qub d(åol

juonbcl lst uc bcstruolct pnssb` lt stârbdl kncs dn onbc kl

Kblu *>"$ lt qub dnbt kl dn vlrtu ucl aickbtbic kl dn sablcal *5"#

Dn pjbdisipjbl k(Nooicbus Qnaans lt kl ]ditbc n kica kls

nctâaâklcts jbstirbquls dibctnbcs# Lt ]jbdic dub/oçol c(nvnbt

pns lu í kâaiuvrbr ]dntic# Ku oibcs al hrnck cio slrvnbt

klpubs dichtlops k(âtbqulttl í tiut uc lcsloedl kl kiatrbcls$

iu pdutût kl tlckncals$ qul dl kbsabpdl kl Qiarntl sl `öt plut/

çtrl âticcâ kl sl vibr nttrbeulr$ quibqu(bd y nbt kncs dl kâvldip/

plolct lt gusqul kncs dn kâ`irontbic kls kiatrbcls ucl dihbqul

slarêtl#

BB

Kl ]jbdic í Irbhâcl 7 dn hcisl#

Nprês ]jbdic$ nvics/cius kbt$ Noeribsl lut lc Irblct uc

nutrl onãtrl$ Irbhêcl# ]iur nrrbvlr kl d(uc í d(nutrl$ cius

c(nvics qu(í piursubvrl alttl rnpbkl jbstibrl ku pdnticbsol$

ku oibcs kncs sls rnppirts nvla dn rldbhbic qub vblct k(âadirl#

‛ Dirsqul dl ajrbstbncbsol cl s(nkrlssn pdus sludlolct nux

pnuvrls k(lsprbt$ dls åols qu(bd rlcaictrn c(âtnblct pibct$ tnct

s(lc `nut$ kls åols cluvls lt vblrhls kl tiutl spâaudntbic#

Eissult n oçol rlonrquâ *#1" qul elnuaiup kl kiatrbcls adns/

sâls aiool jârâsbls c(ict rblc ku tiut kl ajrâtblc$ lt qu(bs/

suls kl kiatrbcls nctârblurls$ iu nctârblurls lddl/oçols í dn

*>" ]dbtnrubl$ Kl]ytj# irna$ 5>#

*5" ]dbtnrödf$ Kl Bk# lt Isbr#$ 5#

*1" EissDL[$ Jbstibrl kls vnb(bntbics$ ZP#



KL d(BddD\C N IB\HLCF 7 DN HCIQL# 0<

vlcul ku Adbbbst$ lddls slrnblct oblux nppldâls pnélccls# A(lst

al obdblu ondsnbc qu(lut í trnvlrslr dn rldbhbic cnbssnctl$ aioolpiur âpriuvlr sn rieustl aicstbtutbic$ lt dn pjbdisipjbl aio/

olcèn pnr çtrl piur lddl uc knchlr# Alttl pjbdisipjbl âtnbt

lcairl dl pdnticbsol# [lrtuddblc npplddl ]dntic dl pntrbnrajl kl

kl tiutls dls jârâsbls# Ku oibcs ]dntic lst/bd aiool dl `natlur

pnélc kl dn hcisl# Onbs dn hcisl lst gubvl nussb$ lt lc`bc lddl

lst ajrâtblccl$ lt quldquls/ucs ict adnssâ dls hcistbquls sldic

dn prâkiobcncal kl d(uc iu kl klux kl als tribs âdâolcts6 dl

ajrbstbncbsol$ dl guknésol lt dl pnhncbsol *>"# Kncs alttl adns/

sb`bantbic$ `nut/bd ngiutlr$ bdscl tlcnblct aioptl qul kl al qu(bds

aiccnbssnblct# Anr dn hcisl lst nutrl ajisl lcairl$ lt kncs dls

irbhbcls kls kb``ârlcts systêols qul al cio râsuol ucl hrnckl

bcaiccul suesbstlrndichtlops 7 dn pnrt kl d(Irblct#‛ Qb oudtbpdls

alplcknct qul siblct dls kiatrbcls hcistbquls$ sb rnob`bâls$ sb

dibctnbcls$ sb plrkuls qu(lc siblctdls siurals$ al c(lst pns sncs

rnbsic qu(uc cio aioouc slrt í dls kâsbhclr# Anr lddls ict kls

anrnatêrls aiooucs qu(bd cius `nut kbrl nu oibcs piur lxpdb/

qulr al qub vblct nprês lddls$ lt piur olsurlr dl ajlobc pnr/

aiuru pnr dn pjbdisipjbl ajrâtblccl klpubs dl rêhcl kl dn `nc/

tnbsbl oâtnpjysbqul$ qub lst dl dlur$ gusqu(nu giur iò Noeribsl

sl obt í d(âaidl pdus snhl$ pdus prntbqul kl Abaâric#

[nckbs qul$ kncs dn trnkbtbic irtjikixl$ dn oirndl lst d(lsslc/

tbld$ lt qul plu í plu dl kihol sl `irol nutiur k(lddl$ onbs lc

hrnvbtnct vlrs lddl$ kncs dn hcisl tiut lst rçvlrbl snvnctl lt

bkândbsol suetbd# Qb lddl löt trbiopjâ$ dl ajrbstbncbsol c(löt pns

âtâ al qu(bd lst nvnct tiut 7 ucl rêhdl kls oőurs# Cius c(nvics

pns í kâarbrl als âajn`nuknhls kncs dl surcnturld qub kicclct

dl vlrtbhl í citrl âpnbs eic slcs k(Iaabklctnux# D(bkândbsol kls

hcistbquls n kl tlddls susalptbebdbtâs qu(bds cl ariblct gnonbs

piuvibr olttrl nsslz k(bctlroâkbnbrls lctrl dn ontbêrl lt dl arân/

*>" Enbr$ dn Hcisl a\râtblcca$ [uebchua$ >:71736 @ffb(B(Ld$ Qnbct Brâcâl#



0; DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONÃ[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOUUIBQÆ#

tlurqul siubddlrnbt dl aictnat kl sn arânturl# ]ubs bd dlur sloedl

qul [lxbstlcal ku ond c(lst pdus uc priedêol qunck bds ict

kâpdnaâ lt oiraldâ dls rlspicsnebdbtâs$ lt bds bccialctlct Kblu

nux kâplcs kls kbvbcbtâs bc`ârblurls# ]nrtbs kl tlds prbcabpls$

bds rlcajârbsslct sur dls bcvlctbics dls ucs kls nutrls$ lt oudtb/

pdblct dls çtrls$ aiool ic kbrn nu oiylc åhl$ nu kldí kl tiutl

câalssbtâ# Gâsus c(nppnrnãt pdus qu(í sic tiur kncs dn sârbl kls

âoncntbics aâdlstls$ lt bd nppnrnãt kâpiubddâ kl tiutl plrsic/

cndbtâ lt kl tiutl juoncbtâ# ]iur Rndlctbc$ bd nrrbvl trlctl/

tribsbêol sur dn dbstl kls âics *>"#

Aioolct$ piur kl tlddls nelrrntbics$ triuvnbt/ickls kbsabpdls 9

‛ Dls systêols hcistbquls `nvirbsnblct d(lsprbt kl slatl$ al pnrn/

sbtl ku slctbolct rldbhblux# Dl ajrbstbncbsol cl trbiopjlrn kâ`b/

cbtbvlolct kl dn hcisl qul$ dirsqul nvla dls irkrls oicnstbquls$

bd kicclrn kncs sic priprl slbc ucl sntbs`natbic í al kâsbr sb

râpncku kl `nbrl pnrtbl k(uc pltbt cioerl k(âdus# « Gl pnrdl

piur uc sur obddl$ ¶ kbsnbt uc hcistbqul *5g# ûld irhulbd sb d(ic

sl slct çtrl aldub/dí$ lt qulddl rnbsic k(çtrl k(nvncal aicvnbcau.

Dls hcistbquls lxpdibtêrlct als slctbolcts$ lt bds nvnblct ucl

`nèic í lux k(âvbtlr dls ieglatbics lt kl râpickrl pnr uc siu/

rbrl qub sbhcb`bnbt7 « Pius cl slrlz gnonbs qu(uc sbopdl dbkêdl###6

cius cl piuvics kbsautlr nvla vius *1"# ¶ Kica dn hcisl nvnbt

sls bcbtbâs# Ensbdbkl lxbhlnbt kl sls nkjârlcts uc civbabnt kl

abcq ncs *;"# ]nrìbs ic pnynbt piur alttl bcbtbntbic *i"$ lt ic tblct

í sn ìb qunck lddl n aiötâ# ]ubs$ lt a(lst dl ajåtbolct kl als

ìdbls oystbquls$ aiool dn rnbsic cl slrvnbt kl rblc piur nrrbvlr

í uc Kblu trip eblc anajâ$ ic y nrrbvnbt pnr k(nutrls oiylcs#

D(lxaês ku spbrbtundbsol neiutbt nu ontârbndbsol rldbhblux# Ic

*>" Pibr NEEÂ KuaJLQCL$ dls Irbhbcls ajrâtblccls$ aiurs dbtjihrnpjbl$ p# ><<#

*5"Qnbct Brâcâl$ B$

xxbv$ 0#

*1" [lrtuddblx$ Bc Pnd#$ b#

*;" Pibr NEEÂ Kdaulscl$ dia# abt#$ p# ><>#

*i" GaW#$p# ><:#



KL ]BBBDIC N IUBHÊC(L 7 DN *GCIQL# 0k

D(viqul al qu(ic cl plut aicalvibr# Dls aicgurntbics$ dls tndbs/

oncs suppdâlct í d(bopubssncal kl dn plcskl# [iutl ucl dbturhbl

`nbtl í dn ìbs kl obsl lc saêcl lt kl oystêrl `rnppnbt lt rltlcnbt

dls bonhbcntbics *>"# Dl oystbabsol$ k(nestrnbt$ klvbct kâvit lt

tioen kncs kls prntbquls âtrnchls# Bd y lut kls oits í piuvibr

onhbqul$ aiool aldub k(nûrnxns ajlz dls ensbdbkblcs# Ic nvnbt

aioolcaâ pnr tiutls dls jnrkblssls kl dn plcsâl$ ic `bcbt pnr

dn suplrstbtbic#

Dls aicsâqulcals oirndls kl pnrlbds âtnts k(lsprbt ict kltiut tlops âtâ dls oûols# Aiool dls kbsabpdls ku stiéablc

Nrbstic$ dls qubâtbstls kl tiutls dls rldbhbics ict âtâ aickubts í

d(bckb``ârlcal oirndl ìckâl sur uc bcsuppirtnedl irhulbd# Bd y n

tiugiurs quldqul knchlr í sl olttrl tlddlolct nu/klssus kls

nutrls qu(ic s(n``rncajbt kl dlurs klvibrs# Dn pdus hrnckl siool

kl vlrtu lst$ aiool dn pdus hrnckl siool kl eicjlur$ kncs

dls vibls oiylccls# Ir dls hcistbquls sl ariblctpnr dlur sablcal

klvlcus k(ucl nutrl cnturl# Bds sict dls spbrbtulds lt s(ippislct

nux ajnrclds# « Dls jiools$ a(lst cius$ kbslct/bds$ dls nutrls cl

sict qul piras lt ajblcs *5"# ¶ Dl hcistbqul lst aldub qub snbt#

Aldn dub slrt k(ucbvlrslddl kbsplcsl lt k(ucbvlrslddl nesidutbic#

Bd n piur jicirlr Kblu dn vârbtnedl oâtjikl qub lst kl dl aic

cnãtrl tld qu(bd lst# Qiu``rbr piur dub$ oiurbr piur dub sict kls

`nèics vudhnbrls$ í dn pirtâl kl tius# Dl onrtyrl lst ucl sit/

tbsl *1"# ûl sbhcb`blct piurdl hcistbqul als obsêrls qu(ic npplddl

kls `nutls iu kls vbals9 Qn vlrtu lst bcnobssbedl# « D(ir plut

trnãclr kncs dn eiul sncs sl airrioprl *;"# ¶ ]ubs bd dub pdnãt

k(bhcirlr al qul `nbt sic airps# « N dn ajnbr al qub lst kl dn

ajnbr$ í d(lsprbt al qub lst kl d(lsprbt *<"# ¶ [iutls dls priobsaubtâs

*b" Qnbct Brfcâl$ B$ xxb#

*5" Âpbpbbno7 $ ZZBP$ bb$

*1" Hdfolct$ Qtriontls$ BP$ ; 6 QvbZ[ Brfcâl$ B$ xxbv$ 0 6 BBB$ xvbtb$ Q#

*;" Qnbct Bjâcâ`#$ B$ vb$ 5#

*<" O#$ 1#

\CBPLUQB[Â KL Dyic# ‛ PB BB# N# 3'



00 DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONG[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

cl dl siubddlct pns$ pnral qu(lddls cl d(nttlbhclct pns# Hldn sl

pnssl lc kljirs kl dub# N pdus ìrtl rnbsic dls pnridls qul d(ic

kbt$ dls `çtls iò [ic vn$ dls vbnckls qul [ic onchl sict/lddls

ajisls bckb``ârlctls *>"# ‛ [lds$ pnr lxlopdl$ ùrlct dls Rndlctb/

cblcs$ dbebkbclux lt kâvits$ vârbtnedls tjâirbablcs kl d(jypi/

arbsbl *5"#

Anrpiarntl nddn pdus dibc qu(lux# Bd cl sl aictlctl pns

kl rlckrl d(booirndbtâ bccialctl# ]iur trbiopjlr k(íols

lctçtâls kncs dlurs prâguhâs$ bd dn vlut iedbhntibrl# Lddl klvblct

uc oiylc k(n``rncajbr d(åol kl dn ajnbr$ lt dn aiooucnutâ kls

`lools lst trncsìroâl lu bcstbtutbic pblusl *1"# Bd `nut nvibr

naaiopdb tius dls natls pissbedls piur oârbtlr dl sndut# D(åol

trip dlctl iu trip arnbctbvl piur âpubslr dn dbstl kls bcbqubtâs

kncs ucl sludl vbl cl slrn pns tlcul qubttl# Al slrn piur lddl í

rlaioolcalr# Qiyics kica kês onbctlcnct aicsablcabluslolct

bc`åols# Dn hdirb`bantbic ku ond ùt$ í k(nutrls âpiquls$ dl pnrn/kixl kl quldquls lsprbts rn``bcâs# Onbs alttl oirndl í rleiurs

ùt prbsl sârbluslolct ndirs piur ucl oirndl$ lt ucl `lool

qub dn prçajn í Uiol triuvn kls nukbtlurs *;"# Ic nppldn `bds

kl Hnbc$ iu Hnécbtls$ dls kbsabpdls kl Hnrpiarntl# Dls Nknobtls

cl vndnblct huêrl oblux# Dlur audtl aicsbstnbt í `bhurlr Nkno

lt Lvl# Bds nppldnblct dlur âhdbsl pnrnkbs$ bds dn ajnu``nblct lt

s(y tlcnblct cus$ al qub cl dls lopçajnbt pns kl vnctlr dlur

ajnstltâ *#g"# ‛ Hjisl í citlr$ tius als rçvlurs pdus iu oibcs

ond`nbsncts c(nvnblct pns iuedbâ dlur ]dntic$ lt s(nutirb/

snblct kl sn UâpuedbqulS kict bds prlcnblct í dn dlttrl tiutls dls

utipbls *0"#

*>" Qnbct Brâcâl$ d$ vb 6 Irbhêcl$ éc Lzaaj#$ dbt$ ;

*5" Qnbct Brâcâl$ bk#

*1" Qur Anrpiarntl vibr dls tlxtls abtâs pnr Ulcnc$ PÂhdbsl ajrâtblccl$

p# >82#

*;" Qnbct Brâcâl$ >$ x#vv$ 06 Adâolct$ Qtriontls$ BB$ 5= 6 TdT$ >8#

*<" Adâolct$ Qtriontls$ B$ di 6 BBB$ ;6 PBB$ 86 Irbhlcl$ Kl irntbicl$ 1#

*0" Pibr Ulcnc$ Onra/Nurêdl$ p# >5i#%



0: DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONÃ[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

ku oicklajktblc

*>"#Lt bd

ylut kls nsaêtls qub c(âtnblct pns

kls onrabicbtls#

Bd `nut k icclr klux rnbsics ku suaaês kl alttl rukl oirndl# Dn

prlobêrl vnut piur dl tlops ibb lddl nppnrnãt# Dn vbl ajrâtblccl

âtnbt ucl vbl kl duttl lt kl prâpnrntbic nu onrtyrl# Dn oirndl

klvnbt çtrl uc lctrnãclolct í dn râsbstncal lt í dn siu``rncal#

[lrtu\blc$ pnrdnct kl als prntbquls nustêrls$ ngiutl 7 « ]nr lddls

ic s(lckurabt í dn prbsic$ í dn `nbo$ í dn sib`$ nux prbvntbics lt

nux suppdbals6 hråal í lddls dl onrtyr c(n pns í arnbckrl kl

surprbsls6 tiutl kiudlur dub n âtâ rlckul `nobdbêrl6 bd n k(nvncal

tuâ sn ajnbr$ dl eiurrlnu cl plut rblc aictrl lddl *5"# ¶ \c

sbêadl lt klob pdus tnrk$ nu tlops k(Noeribsl$ dls åols ajrâ/

tblccls slrict kncs kls aickbtbics oirndls tiutls kb``ârlctls#

Dls obcirbtâs triuvlct kncs dn duttl oçol ucl nttbtukl lt uc

prbcabpl kl vlrtu$ surtiut sb lddls sict plrsâautâls# Bd `nut í dn

vlrtu kls ongirbtâs k(nutrls prbcabpls# Onbs d(nsaâtbsol n nussb

kls rnbsics âtlrclddls nu `ick kl dn cnturl juonbcl# Bd prâslctl

ucl aicalptbic rldntbvlolct sbopdl ku oârbtl oirnd lt sb$ pnr

dn vibl ku kâtnajlolct$ bd oêcl dl pdus siuvlct í dn eictâ$

piur aioolcalr$ bd klonckl surtiut kl d(lckurncal# Bd nttbrl

pnr sic åprltâ dls åols âprbsls k(l``irt$ lt qub nbolct dn duttl$

`öt/al aictrl dbddls/oçols# Lt alt nttrnbt qu(bd lxlral lst dn

prluvl sncs alssl rââkbtâl kl alttl rlonrqulkl

Fnct qulal

c(lst pns lc rlcknct dn vlrtu `nabdl qu(ic dn rlck pipudnbrl#

D(nctbqubtâ nvnbt lu sls nsaêtls 6 onbs bd `nut aribrl qul dn oi/

rndl ajrâtblccl pirtnbt$ pdus qul tiutl nutrl$ pnr dls jirbzics

oçol qu(lddl iuvrnbt$ nu oâprbs kls eblcs k(bab/ens# Anr dls

lxaês aictrl sib/oçol sict kl alux qu(lddl lut kl tiut tlops

í aioenttrl *1"# Lddl dls aioenttbt kiualolct lt cl alssn k(nvibr

{d"]jbdisipj#$Ro$5=#

*5" [lrtuddblc$ Kl glg#$ >5$

*1" Qnbct ]nud {Ui"bé# Aidiss#" rlcaictrl kâgí dls lxnhârntbics kl d(nsaâ/

tbsol lt dls aioent#



KL ]BBBDIC N IcbHÂCL 7 DN HCIQL# 02

uc `nbedl piur als vidictnbrls kl dn prbvntbic lt ku rlcical/

olct nuquld lddl iuvrbt sls aiuvlcts# Lddl nppldn jârâtbquls

alux qub viudnblct bopislr nux nutrls dlurs oikb`bantbics$ onbs

kl alux qub sl aictlctêrlct kl dls prntbqulr piur lux/oçols$

lt sncs vnbc irhulbd$ lddl `bt kls snbcts# D(nsaâtbsol cl plut çtrl

alplcknct qu(ucl oirndl k(lxalptbic lt aiool dn oirndl k(ucl

slatl# N ucl rldbhbic bd `nut nutrl ajisl# Cius vlrrics aioolct$

sncs rblc rltrncajlr kl d(bkând rçvâ pnr quldquls/ucs$ dn oirndl

ajrâtblccl sut s(naaiooiklr nux aickbtbics qul dub arânbt dn

vbatibrl oçol ku ajrbstbncbsol$ lt klvlcbr ucl oirndl piur

tius#

Dn hcisl$ qub nvnbt `nbddb ciylr d(Lvnchbdl kncs dn oâtnpjy/

sbqul *>"$ nvnbt âtâ nussb piur dn oirndl ajrâtblcl ucl arbsl# Lt

lc dn enddittnct kl d(lxaês ku rldåajlolct í d(lxaês kl d(nustârbtâ$

kl d(nctboirndl í d(udtrnoirndl$ sldic dls `irtls lxprlssbics kl

O#Ulciuvblr

*5"$lddl löt

pudub `nbrl plrkrl

tiutl olsurl lttiutl `bxbtâ# Dn subtl kl alttl âtukl oictrlrn dn oirndl ajrâtblccl

slaiunct plu í plu dls bc`dulcals qub d(nvnblct aiopriobsl$ lc

oçol tlops qu(lddl cius kbrn qulddls nutrls bc`dulcals lddl

prâ`ârn suebr# ‛ Onbs bd `nut nupnrnvnct cius prâoucbr aictrl

tiutl bcgustbal lt kbrl lc klux oits al qub$ kncs dn hcisl oçol$

klvnbt nbklr í sn kâ`nbtl lt prâpnrlr d(nvlcbr# Lddl pipudnrbsn

d(bkâl k(ucl rldbhbic ucbvlrslddl# Lddl najlvn kl kicclr í alttl

rldbhbic sic anrnatêrl spbrbtundbstl$ lt al c(âtnbt pns ajisl nbsâl

qul kl kâsnpprlckrl í kls Gub`s aicvlrtbs dls prntbquls âtribtls

lt dls lspârncals hrissbêrls# \c lxaês slrvbt í lc aioenttrl

# uc nutrl$ lt dls bctlopârncals oystbquls kl dn hcisl ict

nbcsb dlur pdnal utbdl kncs d(jbstibrl kls bkâls# ‛ Dn hcisl

lc`bc rnddbn dls lsprbts pjbdisipjbquls í dn rldbhbic$ lt lc oçol

tlops lddl `nobdbnrbsn dls lsprbts rldbhblux nvla dn pjbdisipjbl

#

]nr dí lddl `rnyn dn vibl í alux qub sl slrvbrict aictrl lddl kl

*>" Lxprlssbic kl O# tblcnc$ d(Âhdbsl ajrâtblccl$ p# (O(3/5#

*5" \ajricbl$ p# bS7`#



8= DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONB[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

dn pdbbdisipbdbl nctbqul$ nux Adâolct lt nux Irbhêcl$ lt$ nprês

lux$ í alux qub najêvlrict d(nddbncal kl dn audturl adnssbqul lt

ku ajrbstbncbsol#

BBB

Kl ]jbdic í Irbhêcl {subtl" 7 Adâolct k(Ndlxnckrbl$

Adâolct k(Ndlxnckrbl lt Irbhêcl sict dls nkvlrsnbrls kl dn

hcisl# Onbsic lst tiugiurs kl sic tlops# Kâpdus$ piur aio/

enttrl ucl kiatrbcl$ bd `nut pnrdlr dn oçol dnchul qu(lddl$ sl

pislr dls oûols priedêols kict lddl i``rl ucl sidutbic$ nvibr

nvla lddl uc ìck k(bkâls aiooucls qub rlckl dn kbsaussbic

pissbedl# Cius cl râùtics pns al qub lst vrnbolct dibc kl cius#

Kncs tiut nkvlrsnbrl bd y n kica ucl oibtbâ kl kbsabpdl# A(lst

nbcsb qul piur cius Adâolct lt Irbhêcl sict kls hcistbquls#

Ic rltriuvl lc lux al qub$ kncs dn hcisl$ oârbtnbt kl kurlr lt

oçol quldqul ajisl kl pdus# Adâolct npplddl hcistbqul sic

pnr`nbt ajrâtblc# Irbhêcl ùt dl aictloptlur kl dn ontbêrl qul

d(ic snbt# Bd n piur dls qulstbics iesaurls ucl prâkbdlatbic qu(bd

pnrtnhl nvla dls plcslurs aictrl dlsqulds bd lcslbhcl 6 aiool lux

bd lst uc aicstruatlur kl systêols sncs pibct k(nppub kncs d(ieslr/

vntbic lt dn rândbtâ# A(lst pnr dub qul dls `nèics kl plcslr kl d(Irblct

s(bopisêrlct lcairl nux ]êrls ku bv½ sbêadl$ lt lc pnrtbaudblr í

snbct Noeribsl# Adâolct c(lst pns í priprlolct pnrdlr$ aiool

Irbhêcl$ uc onãtrl k(Noeribsl# Noeribsl dl aiccut sncs kiutl$

onbs s(bcspbrnkl duboibcs kbrlatlolct# Bd lst$ kncs tius dls ans$ dl

onãtrl kl sic onãtrl Irbhêcl lt$ al qub cius bctlrkbt kl dl pnsslr

sius sbdlcal$ bd lstd(nutlur ku trnbtâ kloirndl dl pdus aiopdlt lt

dl pdus bopirtnct kncs dl ajrbstbncbsol nvnct dls I``bals k(No/eribsl$ kl sirtl qul dl sbopdl rnppriajlolct kl als klux âarbts

`lrn rlssirtbr al qul d(lsprbt dntbc lt d(bc`dulcal abaâricblccl#



KL d(JdDIC N IUBHÊ#C(L 7 ADÂOLC[ K(NDLZNCKUBL# 8>

nhbssnct k(nbddlurs kncs dl slcs oçol kl sn trnkbtbic$ ict

nppirtâ í d(âtjbqul ajrâtblccl#

Al c(lst oûol pns k(uc trnbtâ kl oirndl kl Adâolct qu(bd `nut

pnrdlr$ onbs kl tribs nu oibcs$ j( Lxjirtntbic$ dl ]t/knhihul lt

dls Qtriontls `irolct ucl trbdihbl# A(lst dn Qiool kl Adâolct#

Bd s(nhbt k(neirk k(nrrnajlr dls åols nu pnhncbsol# A(lst al qul

`nbt PLxji9(tntbi9b# Dl ]âknhihul dls krlssl í dn vlrtu# Dls Qtri/

ontls dls bcbtblct í dn plr`latbic ajrâtblccl$ í dn hcisl# Alttl

sueirkbcntbickl

dn

vlrtu í quldqul ajisl kl supârblur n kâgíkl quib cius bcqubâtlr# Adâolct$ piur k(nutrls rnbsics$ lst

susplat í d(irtjikixbl# Qn aicalptbic kl Kblu dl ]êrl lst sb

âdlvâl qu(lddl lc lst nestrnbtl *d"#Onbs cius cl viudics âtukblr

kncs sls őuvrls qul al qub prâpnrl dls I``bals k(Noeribsl$ iu

s(y ippisl# Eircics/cius kica nux bkâls oirndls kl aldub qu(uc

jbstirblc npplddl dl prloblr oirndbstl ku ajrbstbncbsol *5"#

(D(Lxjirtntbic nux Hrlas kâvldippl alttl tjêsl qub slrn

rlprbsl kncs dls Qtriontls$ lt qub lst piur cius ku pdus jnut

bctârçt$ a(lst qul tiut c(lst pns í rlgltlr kncs dn pjbdisipjbl

kl als Hrlas nuxqulds ic vlut kâoictrlr tiutl`ibs qul dlur

pjbdisipjbl cl su``bt pns# Bd `nut sludlolct `nbrl uc ajibx# Bd

`nut kbstbchulr kls ntjâls$ aiool dls Bicblcs$ kl alux qub ict

nkobs uc prbcabpl supârblur$ onbs pdus iu oibcs boonclct$

aiool Ncnxnhirl lt dn pdupnrt kls stiéablcs$ alux qub ict

lud(bkâl k(uc Kblu ucbqul$ ]ytjnhirl$ Adânctjl lt$ nu/klssus kl

tius$ ]dntic *1"# Aldub/dí lst dl « Oiésl kls Ntjâcblcs$ ¶ lt

Adâolct kâaiuvrl ajlz dub dls prbcabpnux kihols oirnux ku

ajrbstbncbsol# D(nddâhirbl nbknct$ bd prlck tiut lc eiccl pnrt

kl ]dntic$ oçol dn aiooucnutâ kl `lools *;"# Cius rltriu/

vlrics al pdnticbsol bctlopârnctkncs dls Qtriontls ibb Adâolct$

*>" Pibr NEEÂ KuabbLQCL$ dia# abt#$ p# 1;:#

*5" WbLHDLU$ dia# abt#$ p# >;1#

*1" Adâolct$ Lxjirtntbic$ i#

*;" Adâolct$ Qtriontls$ > lt P#



KL ]ddBDIC N Id\HÊCL 7 ADÂOLC[ K(NDLZNCKUBL# 81

Aioolct aicabdblr nvla alttl tjêsl dbeârndl dn tjâirbl kls

lopructs qul Adâolct rlèibt tiutl `nbtl cius snvics k(iò$ onbs

qu(bd rlprikubt$ kâoictrl lt nopdb`bl nvla tiutls dls rlssiurals

k(ucl ârukbtbic suetbdl9 Dl oûol jiool qub naairkl tiut nux

Hrlas lt lc `nbt kls prâaurslurs$ dls npplddl nussb kls vidlurs

lt kls dnrrics$ anr bds ict prbs nux pripjêtls tiutls dls vârbtâs

kict bds sl kicclct piur dls bcvlctlurs lt bds c(lc aicvblcclct

pibct *>"# Bds ict lopructâgusqu(í dlurs lrrlurs# Qb Nrbstitl n dbobtâ

d(natbic kl dn privbklcal í dn ducl$ a(lst qu(bd nvnbt du kncs dl

]sndobstl 7 « Pitrl obsârbairkl$ Qlbhclur$ lst jnutl aiool dl

abld# ¶ Qb Lpbaurl nenckiccl dl oickl nu jnsnrk$ a(lst piur

bctlrprâtlr dl « Pncbtâ kls vncbtâs### ¶ *5" Lt als lopructs cl

sl eirclct pns nux ajisls kl dn pjbdisipjbl lt kl dn oirndl#

Obdtbnkl c(n pu vnbcarl dls ]lrsls qul hråal nux dlèics qu(bd n

rlèuls kls dbvrls kl Oiésl *1"# Nbcsb klux bc`dulcals aictrnbrls

sl rlcaictrlct kncs Adâolct qu(bd cl sl kiccl oûol pns dnplbcl kl olttrl k(naairk#

Kncs dl ]aknr)ihulS a(lst dn pnrâcâtbqul stiéablccl qub

kiobcl# Ic cl kbrnbt pns nu prloblr neirk d(őuvrl k(uc oys/

tbqul# Al c(lst qu(uc trnbtâ kl oirndl prntbqul$ siuvlct oûol

qu(uc onculd kl eblcsâncals iò dn vbl lst râhdâl kncs tiutls

sls nttbtukls lt kncs tius sls kâtnbds# Qnu` quldquls trnbts qul

cius sbhcndlrics$ dn tjâirbl lc lst neslctl# Lt a(lst oûol al qub

kbstbchul dl ]çknrgiagcl kls I``bals k(Noeribsl# Ic slct qul

tiut c(lst pns kbt$ lt qu(bd `nut ajlrajlr nbddlurs tiutl dn plcsâl kl

d(nutlur# Al qub y lst kbt tiutl`ibs oârbtlrnbt kl rltlcbr d(nttlctbic

kl d(jbstirblc lt ku oirndbstl# Bd slrnbt pbqunct lc l``lt k(lxtrnbrl

kls kâ`lcsls lt kls sntbrls qub y sict `nbtls ucl plbcturl kls knchlrs

lt kls tlctntbics qul prâslctnblct dls oőurs ku tlops$ oőurs

plu ajrâtblccls$ í al qu(bd sloedl# ]nr uc priaâkâ ncndihul ic

*>" Adâolct$ Lxjirtntbic$ 06 Qtriontl+$ B$ >8#

*5" Adfofct$ Qtriontls$ P$ >;#

*1" Bk#$ >$ 5;#



8; DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONÃ[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

klvbclrnbt kl quld rnch siabnd âtnblct dls antâajuoêcls nux/

qulds Adâolct nkrlssnbt sls bctruatbics# Anr dl ]âknhihullst uc rlaulbd k(bcstruatbics$ aiool sict nussb dls I``bals

k(Noeribsl# Ic y vlrrnbt qul dl ajrbstbncbsol c(lst kâgí pdus

ucl rldbhbic kl pnuvrls# Anr uc kls priedêols kbsautâs pnr

Adâolct lst aldub kls aickbtbics ku sndut piur dls rbajls# Lc`bc

a(lst uc oystbabsol k(ucl lspêal rnrl lt k(uc anrnatêrl plu

bcqubâtnct qul aldub qub aioolcal pnr als obcutbls lt als saru/

pudls prntbquls kict dl `nbedl kls oystbquls lst gustlolct k(nbolrí s(n``rncajbr# A(lst al qu(bd cl `nukrn pns iuedblr dirsqul cius

pnrdlrics kuhcistbqul kl Adâolct#

]iur dl oiolct bd cl s(nhbt pns kl dn hcisl$ onbs kl al qul

kibt çtrl dn tlcul$ dn tibdlttl lt oûol dn tnedl kl d(npprlctb hcis/T

tbqul# Bd dnbsslrn piusslr sn enrel$ al qub kiccl uc nbr vâcâ/

rnedl lt lc bopisl nux lc`ncts * >" # Bd cl rbrn pns booikârâolct *5"

Bd sl oiuajlrn lt âtlrculrn nvla kbsarâtbic *1"# Bd eibrn sncs

hdiuticclrbl$ sncs erubtlt sncs rlcvlrslr dn tçtl *;"# Bd sl ciurrbrn

kl prâ`ârlcal k(âajndittls$ k(idbvls$ kl dâhuols$ kl dnbt$ kl

`rionhl$ kl tiut al qub klonckl plu k(npprût# Dl olcu ajrâtblc

plut aioprlckrl pnr`ibs kls vbnckls$ onbs sludlolct hrbddâls

iu rûtbls *<"# \c ajnpbtrl íw]âknhihul trnbtl kl dn ajnussurl *0"$

uc nutrl ku oiebdblr *8"# Lt Adâolct n rnbsic# Bd c(y n pns kl

ajisls bcutbdls í kbrl pnral qu(bd c(y n pns kl ajisls bckb``ârlctls$

lt bd cius `nut « tiugiurs vbvrl aiool lc prâslcal kl Kblu *:"# ¶

Onbs al qub lst oibcs ajrâtblc qul tiut dl rlstl a(lst al qub edlssl

dn puklur# Lt bd pnrnãt qu(lddl âtnbt siuvlct edlssâl í Ndlxnckrbl#

*>" Adâolct$ ]âknhihul$ BBB$ >>#

*5"rk#$bb$<#

*1" X#$ BB$ 8#

*;" Bk#$ BB$ 5#

*<"Gk#$BB$ >#

*0" O#$ BB$ >>#

*8" X#$ BB$ 1#

*:" Bk#$ Bd$ 5#



KL ]JBDIC N IUBHÊCL 7 ADÂOLC[ K(NDLZNCKUBL# 8<

Al qul Adâolct cius npprlck kls oőurs k(ndirs cius lxpdbqul

sic bcsbstncal sur al suglt# Qls klsarbptbics ict oûol ucl

prâabsbic qub klcisgiurs âticclrnbt kl dn pnrt k(uc prçtrl# Bd cl

arnbct pns kl pnrnãtrl trip bcìroâ *d"# Bd cius oictrl dls

âdâhnctls ku tlops kncs dlurs snddls kl enbc tiut âtbcaldnctls

k(nrhlctlrbl$ iò lddls rlèibvlct dn vbsbtl kl alux qub sict loprlssâs

prês k(lddls$ lt priviqulct pnr dlur cukbtâ tiutls dls nuknals#

Lt bd pnrdl kl `lools nynct kls onrbs *5"# K(nutrls trnbts

tâoibhclct kl oőurs âvbkloolct ìrt dbalcablusls$ lt lcnpprlckrnblct nux dlatlurs kl citrl tlops$ al qub c(lst pns plu

kbrl# Onbs bd `nut ngiutlr qbbl dn oirndl ciuvlddl n kls sâvârbtâs

nuxqulddls ic c(âtnbt pns jnebtuâ# Adâolct prâ`êrl uc bvrihcl í

ucl `lool trip pnrâl *1"# Dls `nux ajlvlux lt dls `rbsurls aickub/

slct `ntndlolct piur dub í d(nkudtêrl lt í dn pristbtutbic *;"# Kbsics

lc`bc qul Adâolct cic sludlolct lst uc ajrâtblc$ onbs lst uc

Irblctnd# Bd c(npplddl jiccçtl `lool qul alddl qub lst vibdâl *<"$

qub cl dbl gnonbs aicvlrsntbic$ qub cl s(nsslibt gnonbs í tnedl

nvla uc nutrl qul sic onrb# Dls hrncks kãclrs cl kibvlct çtrl

qul kls kãclrs k(jiools *0"# Qb dn oirndl kl Adâolct nvnbt

âtâ dl klrcblr oit kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl$ ic nurnbt

quldqul plbcl í siutlcbr qul dl ajrbstbncbsol n âoncabpâ dn

`lool#

Dn kâ`bncal kl Adâolct s(âtlck í tiut al qub ircl dn vbl#

Qic lstjâtbqul aicsbstl kncs dl kâknbc kl dn elnutâ# Lt a(lst kncs

dn dnchul kl al plupdl nrtbstl$ qub kiccnbt ucl ìrol jnroicblusl

nu oibckrl ustlcsbdl$ qu(bd lxprbol sic utbdbtnrbsol nustêrl# Ic

cl klonckl í ucl ajnrrul qul kl slrvbrn dneiurlr# Bd su``bt kl

*>" Pibr surtiut Adâolct$ ]âknhihul$ BBB$ 5#

*5" fd#$ o$ Pu

*1" Bk#$ BBB$ 5#

*;" Bk#

*i" Bk#$ Bd$ 86 BBB# >>#

*0" Bk#$ BB$ 8#




oçol qu(ucl tnedl$ qu(ucl aiupl sibt eiccl piur d(usnhl qu(ic

vlut lc `nbrl *>"# Dls vçtlolcts cl kibvlct çtrl `nbts qul piur

cius aiuvrbr *5"# Dls nvnctnhls pjysbquls kl @bbiool lt kl

dn `lool sict kls pbêhls tlckus í dlur vlrtu *1"# Lt Adâolct$

piur rubclr í gnonbs dl prlstbhl kl dn elnutâ$ abtl uc tlxtl kl

d(Larbturl iò bd lst kbt qul Gâsus/Ajrbst âtnbt dnbk *;"# Dn priprltâ

lddl/oçol dub klvblct susplatl# Dls jiools tiut nu oibcs cl

kibvlct sl enbhclr qul piur rnbsic kl snctâ *<"# Dl duxl lt dn

rbajlssl sict piur dl sndut kls lcclobs$ lt kls lopçajlolcts#n Dl ajrâtblc sl aictlctl kl plu### Dl pblk lst dn olsurl ku

siudblr 7 nbcsb dls elsibcs ku airps sict/bds dn olsurl kl al qul

cius klvics pissâklr *0"# ¶ Bd `nut çtrl dberl lt dâhlr piur dn

aicquçtl kl dn vârbtâ *8"# K(nutrls ìbs Adâolct n piur dls rbajls

kl als kurls pnridls qul `lrn lctlckrl snbct Noeribsl nvla tius

dls ]êrls dntbcs 7 « Bd lst jictlux qul dls ucs vbvlct kncs dls

kâdbals lt qul dls nutrls olurlct kl `nbo *:"# ¶ Onbs d(nuoûcl

trncsìrol lc uc oiylc kl sndut al qub âtnbt ucl anusl kl

plrkbtbic7 «Nkobrnedl aioolral$ kbvbc onrajâ. vius najltlz

d(booirtndbtâ í prbx k(nrhlct . «Al qub klvnbt kâsucbr dls jiools

dls râucbt$ lt arâl lctrl lux uc âajnchl kl slrvbals lt kl rlaic/

cnbssncal# Onbs dl prbcabpnd iedbhâ a(lst dl rbajl# Dl pnuvrl plut

rlùslr 6 dub kibt i``rbr 6 a(lst kica í dub kl prblr lt kl arnbckrl

dls rlùs *2"#

Cius lopructics í d(ipusaudl Qur dl sndut kls rbajls al hâcâ/

rlux pnrnkixl# Kncs al oçol ipusaudl Adâolct rnaictl alttl

*>" Adâolct$ ]âknhihul$ BB$ 1#

*5" Bk#$ BB$ >=#

*1" Bk#$ >>>$5#

*;" O#$ o$ >#

*<" Bk#$ BBB$ 2 lt >=#

*0" Bk#$ BBB$ 8#

*8" Bk#

*:" Bk#$ BB$ >5#

*2" Adâolct$ Qur dl sndut kls rbajls$ 15 lt slq#



KL ]JBDIC T IUBHÊCL 7 ADÂOLC[ K(NDLZNCKUBL# 88

saêcl tbrâl kls Lvnchbdls 7 uc eic glucl jiool$ lt qub arib dnvibr

ieslrvâ tius dls aiooncklolcts klonckl nu Qnuvlur al qub

dub rlstl í `nbrl# Lt dl Qnuvlur dub râpick 7 « Qb vius viudlz çtrl

pnr`nbt$ vlcklz tiut al qul vius nvlz$ kicclz/dl nux pnuvrls$ bd

vius slrn rlcku uc trâsir kncs dl abld$ pubs vlclz lt subvlz/oib # ¶

N als oits dl glucl jiool s(âdibhcn tiut onrrb$ anr bd nvnbt kl

hrncks eblcs# Lt Gâsus$ sl tiurcnct vlrs sls kbsabpdls$ dlur kbt pnr

klux `ibs 7 « ^u(bd lst kica kb``babdl nux rbajls k(lctrlr kncs dl

riynuol kls abluxd ¶ Dn ansubstbqul ajrâtblccl nkiuabt dls rb/

hulurs kl alt nrrçt pnr ucl kbstbcatbic qub tblckrn eblctût$ cius dl

vlrrics$ ucl hrnckl pdnal$ alddl kls aicslbds lt kls prâalptls# Dn

pnuvrltâ vidictnbrl lst$ aiool cius kbrbics nugiurk(jub$ uc kl/

vibr dnrhl pdutût qu(uc klPibr strbat# Adâolct$ piur qub dn rbajlssl

n kncs d(âaiciobl siabndl dl slcs qul cius vlcics kl kbrl$ s(lc lst

tbrâ k(uc nutrl oncbêrl$ lt sn oâtjikl irkbcnbrl k(bctlrprâtntbic

vblct bab í sic slaiurs# >> `nut prlckrl dn kbvbcl eiutnkl nu slcs

`bhurâ# Gâsusn viudu kbrl7 «Kâ`nbtls/viusklviseblcs sncsviuslc

kâ`nbrl$ kâ`nbtls/vius lc lclsprbt$ lc plcsâl$ kâtnajlz vius k(lux$

al qub lst ucl `nèic k(npprlckrl í s(lc slrvbr$ aiool ic kibt

s(lc slrvbr$ piur nutrub *>"# ¶ Kl oçol$ kncs dl ]âknhihulS elnu/

aiup kl kâ`lcsls qub sloednblct `nbtls k(ucl `nèic nesidul sict

rlprbsls$ quldquls dbhcls pdus dibc$ nvla uc ciuvlnu slcs# Qlrvlz/

vius kls oluedls qul vius pissâklz$ quldqul duxulux qu(bds

siblct *5" 6 euvlz kncs ucl aiupl k(ndeåtrl$ sb vius lc nvlz ucl *1"#

D(lsslctbld lst qul vitrl aőur sibt kâhnhâ kl als vncbtâs lt c(y

nttnajl pibct trip k(bopirtncal# Onchlz al qul vius viukrlz 7

« al qub lctrl pnr dn eiuajl cl siubddl pns d(jiool *;"$ ¶ piurvu

qul dn viduptâ cl s(y oçdl pibct# \cl `lool lc`bc plut sl pnrlr

oiklstlolct piur rltlcbr uc onrb vidnhl$ sb sic aőur í lddl

*>" Adâolct$ Qur dl sndut kls "/bajls$ >;#

*5" Adâolo$ ]âknhihul$ >>$2$ b5#

*1" O#$ >>$ 5#

*;" O#$ BB$ >#



8: DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONÃ[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

snbt rlstlr ajnstl sius alttl pnrurl *>"# ‛ A(lst dn oirndl stié/

ablccl kl d(bctlctbic$ lt bd lst kb``babdl kl piusslr uc plu dibc dn

râ^lxbic lt d(ncndysl sncs neiutbr í lddl# [iutlìbs$ qunck bd s(nhbt

kl pâknhihbl kbvbcl iu juonbcl$ a(lst/í/kbrl k(ucl kbsabpdbcl kl

kâeutnct qub kibt `nbrl prlckrl nux åols uc pdb$ cius prâ`ârlrbics

kls lxbhlcals oibckrls$ onbs clttlolct kâ`bcbls# \cl rêhdl

`bxl lst piur ucl glucl eiccl vidictâ d(nppub dl pdus sidbkl#

Al qub lst k(uc stiéabsol pdus nppnrlct lcairl$ a(lst alttl

kbstbcatbic oçol k(ucl vlrtu oiylccl lt privbsibrl lt k(uclvlrtu vrnbl qul dn prlobêrl plrolt k(nttlckrl$ qunck lddl cl dn

rlopdnal pns tiut í `nbt# Dn kâ`bcbtbic kl alttl vlrtu vrnbl cl

slrn pns dn oçol ajlz Adâolct lt ajlz dls stiéablcs# Onbs gus/

qu(bab bd c(lst qulstbic qul kl aicìrobtâ í dn rnbsic *5"# Dn vbl

ajrâtblccl$ kncs alttl prlobêrl ìrol$ c(lst qu(uc aiopisâ

k(natbics rnbsiccnedls *1"# Adâolct lopructl oçol nux pdbbdi/

sipjlshrlas dlur psyajidihbl$ dlur adnssb`bantbic kls `naudtâs*;"$

kls pnssbics *i"$ dlur tlrobcidihbl lc`bc$ lt cius pnrdl aiool

uc eic stiéablc$ kl y#n/bpIwbG#n lt kl )#/xJp#zS"# Dn vlrtu stiéablccl

lst í dn vlrtu ajrâtblccl al qul dn pjbdisipjbl kl ]dntic lst í

dn ìb$ ucl bctrikuatbic# Lt cius lc siools í alttl bctrikuatbic#

[iutlìbs$ aiool bd lst `nabdl kâgí kl vibr pibckrl al qub vn

subvrl$ lt aiool ic slct nutiur kl sib ucl tiut nutrl ntoi/

spjêrl k(bkâls. Aldtl aiopnrnbsic âtnedbl lctrl d(lcslbhclolcd

kls Larbturls lt dn kbrlatbic k(uc pâknhihul lst nussb vnhul qul

plu stiéqul# Al qub lst oibcs stiéablc lcairl$ al sict tiutls dls

suetbdbtâs kict Adâolct lctiurl lt aiopdbqul alttl aiopnrnbsic#

Kblu lst citrl ]êrl lt d(Âhdbsl lst citrl Oêrl# Onbs a(lst Gâsus/

Ajrbst qub cius ciurrbt kl sn pnridl aiool kuc dnbt nppriprbâ

*>" Adâolct$ ]âknhihul$ BBB$ BB#

*5" o#$ B$ >1#

*1" O#

*;" Gk#$BBB$ >#

*<" Bk#$ B$ >1#



BBL ]BBBDIC N IUBHÊCL 7 ADÂOLC[ K(NDLZNCKUBL# 82

í citrl `nbedlssl# Dl Plrel oçol lst nppldâ dnbt# Qb eblc qul dl

pâknhihul$ cius kbt tlxtulddlolct Adâolct$ lst lcoçol tlopsucl ciurrbal *> "# Al cl sict pns sludlolct dls oits lt dls bonhls

qub cius kâpnyslct bab$ onbs vrnbolct dls bkâls# Ublc qub rls/

sloedl í dn vlrtu nuticiol kls stiéablcs# >> `nut cius `nbrl

pltbts lc`ncts *5"# >> `nut prblr$ ‛ dl ]âknhihul s(najêvl pnr ucl

prbêrl# ‛ >> `nut nttlckrl dn hråal kbvbcl *1"# Dn siddbabtukl kl

Kblu piur cius lst k(nbddlurs lxprboâl lc tlrols k(ucl bc`bcbl

tlckrlssl*;"#

Onbs cl vn/t/lddlpns gusqu(í lxpriprblr d(jiool

kl sn vlrtu 9 lt dls klux oirndls qul cius nvics vuls sl rl/

gibckrl kncs dlurs nppdbantbics cl s(âdibhclct/lddls d(ucl kl d(nutrl

kncs dlurs prbcabpls9

Dls Qtriontls naauslct alttl kbvlrhlcal# Dn `ib$ dn sablcal lt

d(noiur nppnrnbsslct aiool dls sluds âdâolcts kldí plr`latbic

vârbtnedl# Lcairl kl alttl `ib$ nbcsb qul tiut í d(jlurl kl dn

vlrtu$ dn hråal vblct/lddl cius ûtlr tiut dl oârbtl *i"# A(lst d(Ls/

prbt Qnbct qub siu``dl lc aldub qub aribt *0"$ lt ajnauc snbt qul

d(Lsprbt siu``dl iò bd vlut# N alux oçol qub ict olcâ ucl vbl

sncs tnajl$ lt kict dl dberl nrebtrl tlck kl tiut sic l``(irt vlrs dn

vârbtâ$ bd `nut lcairl kls nbdls qul sludl dn hråal nttnajl nux

åols# Ku oibcs Adâolct ngiutl/t/bd qul cius aiddneirics pnr

citrl aicslctlolct í alttl sirtl k(âdlatbic *8"# C(iuedbics pns$

lc l``lt$ qul cius nvics n``nbrl í uc nkvlrsnbrl kls hcistbquls$

lt qub tlopêrl dlurs lxnhârntbics# ‛ Onbs alt nkvlrsnbrl kl dn

hcisl naairkl í dn sablcal ucl vndlur oirndl qub dl rnppriajl

kl ]dntic pdutût qul kl aldub qub lst vlcu rlckrl jioonhl nux

sbopdls k(lsprbt lt í dn eiccl vidictâ# D(Lvnchbdl nvnbt kbt 7

*>" Adâolct$ ]âknhihul$ d$ =#

*5" Bk#$B$e#

*1" Bk#$ B$ 5$ 0#

*;" O#$ B$ ãb$ 2$ >>#

*:" *Zfolct$ Qtriontls$ B$ 8$ BB$ ; 7 `" ttã/étb6 jé /)bS(#6#

*0" Bk#$T$ >1#

*8" dk#$P$ b#



:= DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONÃ[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

4* Jlurlux alux qub ict aru sncs vibr . ¶ Onbs$ piur Adâolct$

bd c(y n pns pdus kl ìb sncs sablcal qu(bd c(y n kl sablcal sncsìb*d" ¶# « Q(bd `nut aribrl nu @bds kl Kblu$ bd c(lst pns oibcs câ/

alssnbrl kl <nyizP quld lst dl @bds kl Kblu *5P ¶ Nu/klssus kl dn

ìb cnévl$ lt qul cius lcvbics cius nutrls nu ajnreiccblr$ bd y n

ucl ìb âadnbrâl lt hnrnctbl pnr dn sablcal aictrl tiutl nttnqul$

aiool pnr ucl jnbl lt pnr uc our *1"# Aldn cius priuvl ku

oibcs qul dn ìb ndirs cl sl kâ`bnbt pibct kl dn sablcal lt c(nt/

tlcknbt k(lddl qu(nbkl lt pritlatbic# Ngiuticsqul

a(lst pnr alttl

iuvlrturl qul Adâolct naaulbddbt kncs dl ajrbstbncbsol dn sablcal

nctbqul 6 lt tiut slrnbt í diulr bab$ sb dl dnchnhl kl Adâolct

c(nvnbt uc naalct plu ajrâtblc k(irhulbd bctlddlatuld$ lt cl rls/

pbrnbt gl cl snbs quld kâknbc oibcs ajrâtblc lcairl kls vlrtus

prntbquls # Cius nvics elnu cius rnppldlr dls snhls aicslbds ku ]â/

knhihul6 gustlolct pnral qul cius cius dls rnppldics $ cius nvics

plbcl í nkolttrl qu(bd vblccl uc oiolct iò d(ic pubssl sl pns/

slr k(lux# Lt dl pöt/ic vrnbolct$ als lxprlssbics k(jiool vud/

hnbrl$ k(jiool pntjbqul nppdbquâls í alux kict d(juoedl vlrtu

aicsbstl í dlur ieâbr sicclct ond kncs dn eiuajl k(uc kbsabpdl

kl Gâsus#

Al qub najêvl dn plr`latbic ajrâtblccl$ sldic Adâolct$ a(lst

d(noiur$ kbsics oçol$ kncs dl slcs kl citrl xvbbS sbêadl$ dl pur

noiur# Anr Adâolct siutblct dub nussb qul tiut bctârçt plrsic/

cld$ oçol aldub kl sic sndut$ lst âtrnchlr í d(íol âprbsl kl Kblu#

Qb$ pnr bopissbedl$ dl vbal âtnbt cic sludlolct bopucb$ onbs râ/

aioplcsâ$ lddlc(lc aictbculrnbt pns oibcs í prâ`ârlr dn vlrtu *;"#

Nrrbvâ í ucl tlddl jnutlur$ d(jiool cl plut pns pâajlr *i"# Bd

cl kâsbrl pdus rblc$ pubsqu(bd pissêkl tiut al qu(ic plut kâsb/

*>" Adâolct$ Qtrionbls$ P$ b#

*5" Bk#

*1" Bk#$ B$ 5$ 5=#

*;" O#$ BP$ 55#

*i"Wk#$PBB$ 8#



KL ]\BDIC N IUBHFCBb 7 ADÂOLC[ K(NDLZNCKUBL# :>

rlr*d"#dd vbt dberl sur dls rubcls kls pnssbics juonbcls# Ku airps

bd

cl sl slrtg"dus$

it dub plrolt sludlolct d(usnhl kl al qub lst câ/alssnbrl piur lc loprajlrdn kbssidutbic# Kl aiurnhl bdc(n pdus

elsibc$ âtnct nu/klssus kl tius dls onux# Bd `lrnbt elnu vibr

éNob kl Kblu iaaupâ kncs kls duttls `nstbkblusls lt tiugiurs í

rlaioolcalr *5"# Qn vbl lst uc dich giur kl `çtl *1"# Aictlo/

pdlr lst klvlcu sn oncbêrl k(çtrl$ sn suestncal *;"# Al c(lst pdus

nob kl Kblu qu(bd `nut d(nppldlr$ onbs bonhl lt rlssloedncal kl

Kblu# « D(jiool kl eblc$ kbt Adâolct$ lst kâb`irol *<"# ¶ Kls

lxprlssbics aiool alddl/dí lt aiool alddls k(bcbtbâs$ kl jbâri/

pjnctls$ kl oystnhihuls$ k(âpiptls$ aiool alddl lc`bc klhcistb/

qul lt oûol kl hcistbqul airypjâl$ pnr dnqulddl Adâolct kâsb/

hcl dl pnr`nbt ajrâtblc qu(bd vlut kâarbrl$ cius trncspirtlct lc

pdlbcl hcisl lt lc pdlbc oystbabsol *0"#

Onbs Eissult cius nvlrtbt kl cl pns prlckrl í dn dlttrl dls

hrncks oits lxnharntb`s kl Adâolct *8" lt râussbt$ sloedl/t/bd$

sbcic í dl olttrl kl sic aûtâ aictrl @âcldic$ tiut nu oibcs í

lopçajlr @âcldic kl dl olttrl ku sblc# A(lst qul Adâolct lst

surtiut uc âadlatbqul$ sb d(ic plut oçol nppldlr âadlatbqul dn

aioebcnbsic iu pdutût dl pçdl/oçdl kl kiatrbcls lt kl tlrols

qul dl tlops nvnbt kâpiubddâs$ alddls/dí kl dlur irbhbcndbtâ$ alux/

ab kl dlur slcs priprl# Ic triuvl kica tiugiurs lc dub ucl

nsslrtbic qub lc airrbhl ucl nutrl# Bd y nvnbt kncs dl ]âknhihul

quldquls âajnppâls oystbquls# Bcvlrslolct d(lcslbhclolct kuonãtrl stiéablc kl Adâolct$ ]nctêcl$ sl oçdl nu pdnticbsol kls

QdriontlsT lt dirsqu(bd sloedl pdnticbslr nvla dl pdus k(nenckic$

kncs sic pirtrnbt ku hcistbqul$ bd n k(âvbklctls râobcbsalcals ku

*>" Adâolct$ Qdriontls$ PB$ 2#

*5" O#

*1" Wr`#$ PBB$ 8#

*;" O#$ BP$ 55 6 PB$ 8$

*i" )k#$PB$ 2#

*0" Pibr BPvDU$ dia# abt#$ p# 76=5/7";=#

*8" Eissb L[$ [rnkbtbic kls ciuvlnux oystbquls#

\cbvlesbtâ D"L Dyic# ‛ PBBD N 0



:5 DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONÃ[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

snhl stiéablc# Bd lst vrnb qul al c(lst pns al stiéabsol/dí qul

Abaâric lcslbhclrn í snbct Noeribsl#

BP

Irbhêcl#

A(lst nussb ucl qulstbic qub sl pisl piur Irbhêcl kl snvibr

gusqu(í quld pibct bd lst pdnticbablc$ gusqu(í quld pibct stiéablc#

]lcknct dichtlops bd n pnssâ piur pdnticbablc$ lt klpubs snbct

Gârûol gusqu(í Ldult lt ]âtnu$ lt gusqu(í OS( @rlppld$ ic n rlcku

]dntic rlspicsnedl kls jârâsbls k(Irbhêcl$ aiool nussb eblc

kl tiutls dls jârâsbls# Lt bd y n lc l``lt kncs dl oytjl pdnticbablc

kl dn ajutl kls åols$ lt kl dlur rltiur nu dblu kbvbc kl dlur irb/

hbcl$ucl aicalptbic

qu(Irbhêcl trncsìrolrn lt oirndbslrnlc

quldqul sirtl pnr dls bkâls kl pâajâ$ kl râkloptbic$ kl prihrês$

onbs qub n âtâ bcaictlstnedlolct piur dub ucl bcspbrntbic lt uc

pibct kl kâpnrt# Alplcknct O# Klcbs `nbt rlonrqulr qu(uc tiut

nussb hrnck cioerl kl tlxtls lt k(lopructs dl rnchlrnblct

pnrob dls kbsabpdls ku ]irtbqul# Ku stiéabsol sloedlct vlcbr

sn tjâirbl kl dn ò ku oickl lt ku rlciuvlddlolct kls oickls$ sn

tjâirbl kl d(natbvbtâ vidictnbrl# Lt$ bcabkloolct$ qunck bd

lc n elsibc$ bd `nbt bctlrvlcbr$ aiool `lrnbt uc stiéablc$ dls

rnbsics sâobcndls iu dls ajisls oiylccls lt bckb``ârlctls#

N vrnb kbrl$ bd prlck sic eblc iò bd dl triuvl# Bd c(n pns$ aiool

Adâolct$ pnssâ pnr dn pjbdisipjbl piur nrrbvlr í dn ìb# Qn

prlobêrl âkuantbic lst tiutl ajrâtblccl$ lt al c(lst qu(nu ùr lt

í olsurl kls câalssbtâs kl sic lcslbhclolct qu(bd lcrbajbt sn

plcsâl kl dn plcsâl nctbqul# Lcairl sict/al kls oits qu(bd

lopructl pdutût qul kls bkâls# Bd rlvçt k(ucl ìrol hrlaqul kls

*>" Pibr Adâolct$ Qtriontls$ BB$ 56 PB$ >0#



IUBHÊCL# :1

kiatrbcls qub vblcclct k(nbddlurs# A(lst uc pdnticbsol kâonrquâ

qul dl sblc$ lt nussb sic stiéabsol# Bd cl kibt í als hrnckls

âaidls qul al qul tius sls aictlopirnbcs dlur kibvlct$ al

qu(lddls nvnblct dnbssâ k(lddls kncs dl vianeudnbrl lt kncs dl

kionbcl puedba kls bkâls *b"# Bd dls aiccnãt bckbrlatlolct$ lt

pnr uc bctlroâkbnbrl qul cius kbrics$ lt qub lst sic vrnb onãtrl$

sb d(ic tblct í dub kicclr uc onãtrl# A(lst í dn dulur triuedl kl

]jbdic$ âarbt O# Klcbs$ qu(bd dbsnbt lt bctlrprâtnbt ]dntic aiool

dls klux [lstnolcts *5"#

Irbhêcl lst í plbcl uc oirndbstl$ ku oibcs kncs dl slcs iò

Adâolct lst uc oirndbstl kncs sic ]âknhihulS lt Noeribsl kncs

sls I``bals# Qic lctjiusbnsol cl kbsautl pns# Ic snbt nvla quld

zêdl bctlopârnct bd râpickbt nux siupèics qul sls ìcatbics kl

glucl antâajbstl piuvnblct siudlvlr# @bds kl onrtyr$ í kâ`nut ku

onrtyrl qub cl viudnbt pns kl dub$ bd ùt uc nsaêtl$ í dn `nèic

kls hcistbquls lt kls oictncbstls# A(lst piurquib$ nddnct nu/klvnct kl tius dls klvibrs$ bd cl s(nrrçtl pns í dls kâoictrlr lt

í dls kâ`bcbr# ]ubs dls ajisls k(bab/ens c(ict pns piur dub k(bctârçt#

Aiool Adâolct$ bd cl `nbt pns kb``baudtâ k(nkolttrl qul dn oirndl

kls pjbdisipjls n quldqul rlssloedncal nvla dn oirndl ku

Ajrbst$ snu`$ dirsqul dn ajisl lc vnut dn plbcl$ í prâtlckrl qul

alttl rlssloedncal lst kul í uc dnrabc$ Sdnbs gustlolct pnral

qul dls pjbdisipjls pnélcs ict trnbtâ aicvlcnedlolct kls klvibrs

quitbkblcs$ dn pjbdisipjbl ajrâtblccl kibt nvibr k(nutrls siuabs#

« Cius aiccnbssics dl obdblu kls ajisls *1"$ ¶ âarbt Irbhêcl nvla

ucl bcariynedl prâsioptbic# A(lst dlur aioolcalolct lt dlur

`bc qub slrict kica d(ieglt kl sls spâaudntbics# Ublc cl onrqul

oblux dl tiur kl sic lsprbt qul sn `nèic k(lctlckrl dl « Aiccnbs/

*." Als `nèics kl vibr sict lxprboâls í pdusblurs rlprbsls lt nvla elnuocp

kl ìral pnr O# Klcbs$ dn ]jbdisipjbl k(Irbhêcl#

*5" Kfos$ dia# abt#$ p# <8

V1" Abtâ pnr Kfos$ Bvr# rbt#$ p# /5>=# Cius cl snvics kncs *pbid icvrnsra

k(Irbhêcl lst alttl pdbrnsl sb aurblusl pnr d(âtnt k(lsprbt *pblddl lxprbol#



:; DLQ d(ULOdLUQ ONÃ[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

tib tib/oçol ¶$ lt qul dl prihrnool kl sn psyajidihbl 7 « bd

`nukrn lxnobclr k(ucl `nèic tiutl pnrtbaudbêrl dn qulstbic kl

d(lsslcal kl d(íol$ alddl ku prbcabpl kl sn ìrontbic$ alddl kl

sic lctrâl kncs uc airps kl tlrrl$ kl al qub `nbt dl pnrtnhl kl

ajnqul åol lc alttl vbl$ lt kl sn kâdbvrncal k(bab/ens# Bd `nukrn

sl kloncklr s(bd lst pissbedl iu cic qu(lddl lctrl ucl slaickl

ìbs kncs uc airps$ lt aldn kncs dn oçol pârbikl$ kncs dn oçolaicstbtutbic ku oickl 6 sb a(lst kncs dl oçol airps iu kncs uc

nutrl 6 lt$ kncs dl prloblr ans$ sb a(lst kncs dl oçol airps$

rlstnct bklctbqul qunct í dn suestncal$ lt kb``ârnct qunct nux

qundbtâs$ iu eblc bklctbqul lt piur dn qundbtâ lt piur dn sues/

tncal6 lt sb lddl nurn tiugiurs dl oçol airps nesiduolct$ iu

sb$ quibqu(bd rlstl dl oçol nu ìck$ lddl dl vlrrn sl trncs/

ìrolr*d"# ¶ A(lst kica ondhrâ dub$ lt aiool suebssnct uc brrâ/

sbstbedl nttrnbt vlrs dls hrnckls bkâls oirndls qub sict @íol ku

kihol ajrâtblc$ qul al jnrkb tjâirbablc lc vblct í aicsbkârlr

d(jiool dub/oçol lt `nbt nucl tjâirbl kl dn dbelrtâ ucl pdnal

kncs sic systêol# Al qub kncs dn oirndl oçol d(iaaupl$

al sict$ ic dl vibt$ dls priedêols pdutût qul dls vârbtâs naqubsls

lt qul dls rêhdls prntbquls# Dn tjâidihbl nurn hrnck elsibc$

nprês dub$ qul dls ]êrls dntbcs d(nbklct í klsalckrl ku abld sur

dn tlrrl$ lt í rlprlckrl pblk# Alplcknct dl pdus Uionbc kl tius$

snbctNoeribsl$ lopructl í Irbhêcl sic aioolctnbrl kl

d(ŕuvrl kls slpt giurs lt sls jioâdbls sur dls ]snuols *5"#

D(irblctntbic kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl plut kica pnrnãtrl lcairl

bckâabsl nu quntrbêol sbêadl$ quibqu(bd sibt pissbedl$ nprês aiup$

kl rltriuvlr kncs sls nppnrlctls trncsìrontbics uc aicstnct

lsprbt kl subtl lt ucl nkobrnedl `bcndbtâ#

Dl kihol ku pâajâ irbhbcld lst dl pibct kl kâpnrt kl tiutl

dn pjbdisipjbl k(Irbhêcl# Onbs sic bonhbcntbic oâtnpjysbqul

dl trncsìrol lt d(âtlck# [ius dls lsprbts$ arââs kl tiutl âtlrcbtâ$

*>" Irbhêcl$ Bc Gij#$ PB$ 8$

*5" Pibr pdus jnut#



IUBHÊCL# :<

lt arââs âhnux$ ict `nbddb kl quldqul oncbêrl$ lt sl sict

nrrçtâs í d(uc iu í d(nutrl kls klhrâs k(ucl âajlddl qub$ í

d(bcvlrsl kl alddl kl Gnaie$ vn ku abld sur dn tlrrl *>"# D(nppn/

rbtbic kl citrl oickl lst lc l``lt uc oiolct kncs alttl

klsalctl kls örnls$ lt dl oit kl ajutl âqubvnut kncs dn dnchul

k(Irbhêcl í aldub kl arântbic# Dl pâajâ irbhbcld piurrnbt eblc

c(çtrl kncs alttl aicalptbic qul dl pâajâ bckbvbkuld kl tiutls

dls åols juonbcls nvnct d(juoncbtâ# Nkno y plrk uc plu kl

sn diurkl rlspicsnebdbtâ# Bd c(lst qul dl syoeidl kl dn `nutl

aiooucl$ dl pâajlur nrajâtypl *5"# Dn ontbêrl lst í dn ìbs

dn onrqul ku pâajâ lt dl rloêkl nux aicsâqulcals ku pâajâ#

Anr sncs lddl dn airruptbic kls lsprbts brnbt gusqu(í dlur kbssi/

dutbic# Lddl dls rltblct lt dls lc`lrol *1"# ]dus kl ontbêrl

bckbqul ucl ajutl pdus priìckl# Dls çtrls supârblurs í

@jiool sict kiuâs kl als airps aâdlstls qul dls jiools

lux/oçols rlvçtbrict nu giur kl dn râsurrlatbic *;"# Nu/klssiuskl d(jiool dls ncbonux s(lcìcalct kl pdus lc pdus kncs dn

ontbêrl# Qict/al kls åols nynct nppnrtlcu í d(juoncbtâ

pâajlrlssl qub vict `nbrl dlur purhntibrl kncs ucl lcvldippl

hrissbêrl9 Bd sloedl qu(Irbhêcl nbt âtâ tlctâ pnr dn oâtlo/

psyaisl$ onbs qul dl kâsbr siuvlct ond slrvb ajlz dub kl rlstlr

irtjikixl d(nbt `nbt alttl ìbs râsbstlr í dn tlctntbic *i"# Bd `nukrn

kica k(nutrls oickls$ iu k(nutrls pjnsls ku oickl$ piur d(lxpbn/

tbic kls `nutlsaioobsls bab/ens# ‛ D(jbstibrlsnbctl sl hrl``l sur

alttl jbstibrl aisobqul# Ondhrâ quldquls jlurlusls lxalptbics$

dl hlcrl juonbc$ kncs sic lcsloedl$ nddnbt kl ond lc pbs# Nvla

dn viantbic k(Nernjno aioolcal d(âkuantbic prihrlssbvl kl

d(juoncbtâ lt dl dlct rltiur vlrs dn plr`latbic plrkul# Kblu n

*>" Irbhlcl$ ]rbcabpls$ B$ vb lt vbc#

*5" Irbhâcl$ Bc Lpbst# nk Jio#*1" Irbhâcl$ ]rbcabpls$ B$ b$ B$ 5$ 1#

*;" Bk#$ BB$ BB$ 5#

*<" Pibr sur al suglt dn kbsaussbic kl O# Klcbs$ dir# abt#$ p# d(GB#



:0 DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONGÉULQ ddL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

ajibsb uc plupdl$ uc slud$ piur lc `nbrl [bctlroâkbnbri kl sic

natbic râpnrntrbal# BCBibcs dbeârnd qul Adâolct$ Irbhêcl c(naairkl

pns í [nctbqubtâ hrlaqul d(jicclur k(nvibr í sn `nèic prâpnrâ

dn vlcul ku Ajrbst#

Onbs vibab qul cius tiuajics í al qub vn klvlcbr dl priedêol

oirnd pnr lxalddlcal# ûb n aiopisâ dls rûdls kl al hrnck

krnol kict cius siools dls natlurs lt pnrìbs dls vbatbols9

ûb lst d(nutlur râld kl dn ajutl lt ku rldêvlolct9 Eblc kls

plrsiccnhls s(y triuvlct oçdâs$ sncs pnrdlr kl d(jiool lt klKblu# Irbhêcl kibt í sic tlops kl `nbrl bctlrvlcbr dls pubs/

sncals kâoicbnquls$ dl kbnedl# Onbs d(jiool jnraldâ pnr dub

plut sl kâ`lckrl$ kl oçol qu(bd c(n pns tiugiurs elsibc kl dub

piur `nbddbr *>"# D(nssbstncal kls nchls c(lctrnvl pns knvnctnhl

citrl dbelrtâ# Anr$ piur Irbhêcl$ cius siools dberls# ]lu

k(n``brondbics sict nussb clttls ajlz dub$ lt nussb siuvlct

râpâtâls# >> nvnbt aicsnarâ í dn dbelrtâ uc trnbtâ spâabnd qul

cius nvics plrku# Onbs dl trnbtâ kls ]rbcabpls lt dl trnbtâ kl dn

]rbêrl y suppdâlct# Lt al sict kls rnbsics oirndls qub ict

aickubt Irbhêcl í alttl n``brontbic# Qncs dn dbelrtâ bd sl rlùsl

í aicalvibr dl pâajâ dub/oçol qub lst dl cőuk kl tiut dl rlstl$

lt nussb dl oârbtl# Gd `nut qul dl eblc sibt priprl í ajnauc *5"#

Itlr dn dbelrtâ kl dn vlrtu$ a(lst dub ûtlr sic lsslcal *1"#

K(nutrls nrhuolcts pirtlct dlur kntl nvla lux# Irbhêcl abtl

uc hrnck cioerl kl prlsarbptbics kl d(Ncablc lt ku bZiuvlnu

[lstnolct$ ‛ lt bd nurnbt pu lc abtlr knvnctnhl sncs qul

d(nrhuolct `nssl uc pns kl pdus$ ‛ qub$ sb lddls cl s(nkrlsslct

í uc jiool dberl$ sict kâpiurvuls kl slcs# Dls fnctblcs

kbsnct « Gl kibs$ kica gl plux$ ¶ cl `lrict qul rlprikubrl sius

ucl ìrol pdus oiklrcl lt pdus nestrnbtl dl oûol rnbsicclolct#

\c nutrl nrhuolctls. tbrâ kls slctbolcts qul cius âpriuvics

*>" Irbhêcl$ ]rbcabpls$ BBB$ b$ bg lt tiut dl ajnpbtrl bb#

*5" 8k#$ BB$ BZ$ 5#

*1" Irbhêcl$ Aictrl Aldsl$ BP$ 74#



IUBHÊCL# :8

í BP(hnrG *Gl alux qub ict eblc iu ond nhb$ tba citrl npprientbic

lt *dl citrl klsnpprientbic *>"# Lc`bc ic ippisnbt kâgí í dn

dbelrtâ dn prlsablcal kbvbcl$ lt Irbhêcl prâtlcknbt kâgí qul dn

prlsablcal kl Kblu c(lst pns dn anwsl kls âvâclolcts$ qul dls

âvâclolcts slrnblct pdut*gt dn anusl kl dn prlsablcal *5"# Ic

nrhunbt kl dn oûol prlsablcal aictrl d(utbdbtâ kl dn prbêrl#

Cius cl ajnchlics rblc$ kbsnbt/ic$ nux pdncs kl Kblu# Onbs

Irbhêcl triuvnbt kncs sn pbâtâ ucl elddl râpicsl 7 qu(bopirtl

sb$ lc prbnct$ cius cius siools lopdbs kl dn plcsâl kl Kblu#Bd vnut dn plbcl kl prblr piur ietlcbr alttl kbspisbtbic kl

rnol$ prâ`ârnedl lc lddl/oçol í tiutls dls `nvlurs qul cius

piuvbics kloncklr *1"# « Bd pri`btl ku tiut nu tiut aldub b_ub

prbl# ¶ Ir bd lc lst kl dn eiccl vidictâ aiool kl dn prbêrl#

ûld qu(lc sibt d(l``lt lxtârblur$ lddl sl su``bt í lddl/oçol#

Onbs Irbhêcl ngiutl í alttl kâoicstrntbic oirndl ucl psy/

ajidihbl kl d(natl vidictnbrl lopructâl lc pnrtbl nux stiéablcs$

lc pnrtbl í Nrbstitl$ lt k(nutnct pdus loeriubddâl qu(bd `nukrnbt

qu(lddl pöt aicvlcbr nux cnturls nchâdbquls aiool nux cnturls

juonbcls# Ultlcics sludlolct d(bcsbstncal kl citrl nutlur

sur al qu(ic n nppldâ klpubs dl « slctbolct vb` bctlrcl ¶ kl dn

dbelrtâ *;"$ lt ucl tjâirbl kl d(noiur pdus iu oibcs aicìcku

nvla dn vidictâ lddl/oçol# Noiur lt vidictâ$ lt nussb rnbsic cl

ìct qu(uc kncs dlur lsslcal# Onbs d(noiur sl kâtiurcl kl

sic vârbtnedl ieglt *<"$ lt d(jiool oâsusl kl al kic kl Kblu#

Dn tåajl kl dn vidictâ lst kl dl rnolclr vlrs alt ieglt$ al

qub rlvblct í rlprlckrl lddl/oçol sn vrnbl cnturl$ lt í sl rl/

triuvlr# « Anr dls `rubts qul cius pirtics$ s(bds sict onuvnbs$

cl sict pns cûtrls$ onbs nppnrtblcclct nu pâajâ# Qict vrnbolct

*>" Irbhêcl$ Kl dn ]cârl$ PB#

*5" Irbhâcf$ Bc Hlc#$ Bdb$ bb ld db# Bc Lpbst nk Uio## Tdd$ :#

*1" Irb*6fcl# Kl dn rrbêra$ PBBB vT BZ #

*;" Irbhfcl$ Kls ]rbcabpls$ BBB$ b$ ;#

è" Irbhêcl$ Aioo# bc Anct#$ ]ridihul$ ìd# 1=/#(Sd#



IUBHÊCL# :2

citrl nppld# Onbs cius/oçols$ lc viudnct vibr adnbr kncs dn

plcsâl k(Irbhêcl$ c(y nvics/cius pns obs pdus kl prâabsbic lt

pdus kl kâabsbic qu(lddl c(lc aiopirtl9

Dl priedêol qul cius vlcics kl kbsautlr n nu kldí kl alttl

vbl sic pridichlolct# Irbhêcl n aru gusqu(í dn kurltâ í dn

gustbal kl Kblu lt í dn câalssbtâ kl d(lxpbntbic# >> eâcbt dls

ajåtbolcts juonbcs qub sict nutnct kl hnhcâ lt kl prbs sur

d(lxpbntbic ùturl# « Anr dl Qlbhclur cl pucbt pns klux ìbs

piur dn oçol `nutl *>"# «Dl aiupnedl kibt kica prblr qu(ic

dl ajåtbl$ n`bc qu(nynct lxpbâ bd pubssl sl rlpislr kncs dl slbc

k(Nernjno *5"$ Onbs kncs dls âprluvls suaalssbvls qul cius trn/

vlrsics$ nvnct dn aiopdêtl râhâcârntbic$ cius pirtics nvla cius

citrl dberl nrebtrl# Cius vibab kica aicknocâs í ucl suaalssbic

bckâ`bcbl kl rldêvlolcts lt kl ajutls lt í uc plrpâtuld rlaio/

olcalolct *1"# Lt aioeblc kl ajncals c(y n/t/bd pns kês dirs

piur qu(nbcsb nenckiccâl í lddl/oçol d(juoncbtâ c(nttlbhclgnonbs dl pirt9 Onbs Irbhêcl nkolt cic oibcs `lrololct dl

slaick tlrol kl alttl nctbciobl$ í snvibr dl prihrês câalssnbrl

lt dl sndut ucbvlrsld# [ius sict nppldâs lt tius slrict âdus# Dl

Ajrbst cl slrn oirt lc vnbc piur nuauc kl cius$ lt cius cl

piuvics qul rltnrklr citrl sndut# Dn eictâ kl Kblu trbiopjlrn

kica lc kâ`bcbtbvl kl dn dbelrtâ kl d(jiool# Irbhêcl cl aribt

pns lc l``lt í d(âtlrcbtâ kls plbcls# Qn oâtnpjysbqul y râpuhcl

aiool sic aőur# Bd oncqulrnbt quldqul ajisl í d(őuvrl kl dn

râkloptbic sb uc slud çtrl rlstnbt lc kljirs k(lddl# Kblu cl

plut siu``rbr qul dl ond dub tblccl tçtl gusqu(nu eiut$ lt

suesbstl lc `nal kl dub# Bd c(lst pns k(åol sb cibrl qu(ucl âtbcalddl

cl erbddl lcairl lc lddl kict Kblu sl slrvbrn piur y rndduolr

dn vbl *;"# Nutrlolct dn oirt slrnbt d(âhndl kl dn vbl$ dl ond

*>" Irbhêcl$ Bc Dlvbt# jiobd#$ ZB$ 5#

*5" Irbhfcl$ Qldlatu bc Lxikuo$ ìd# >58#

*1" Irbhâcf$ ]rbcabpls$ BBB$ b$ 5>

*;" Irbhêcl$ Bc Lpbst# nk Uio#$ BZ$ bd#



2= DLQ ]ULOBLUQ #OÅG[ULQ \L QNBC[ NOKUIBQL#

râhnd ku eblc *>"# Onbs dl eblc lt d(çtrl sict sycicyols$ lt dl

ond c(lst qul cic/êtrl *5"# Qb kica dn vbl lst l(tlrclddl$ dn oirt

cl [lst pns *1"# Ngiutlz qul dl eicjlur kl ajnauc lst lc

susplcs tnct qul dl eicjlur kl tius c(lst pns rândbsâ *;"# Dl

`lstbc cl aioolcal qul *Vunck bd cl oncqul pdus uc aicvbvl í

d(nppld# Dl Qnuvlur dub/oûol lst kncs d(nttlctl$ lt cl plut

hiötlr ucl gibl í dnqulddl oûol uc slud rlstlrnbt âtrnchlr *<"#

N al sndut ucbvlrsld sict aicvbâs cic sludlolct dls jiools$

onbs tius dls lsprbts# Dbrls aâdlstls lt tlrrlstrls ìrolrict ucslud triuplnu sius uc slud pnstlur# Nussb dn cnturl lctbêrl subt/

lddl nvla ncxbâtâ cis aioents6 anr a(lst ku trbiopjl kl d(juon/

cbtâ qul kâplck dn kâdbvrncal *0"# Qntnc dub/oûol slrn snuvâ#

« Dl Ajrbst lst vlcu cic sludlolct piur kâtrubrl dn oirt$ onbs

lcairl aldub qub n d(lopbrl kl dn oirt *8"# ¶ Qntnc slrn snuvâ lc

tnct qu(lsprbt `nbt í d(bonhl kl Kblu6 bd slrn kâtrubt lc tnct qul

prbcal ku pâajâ*:"#

‛D(Lhdbsl n lu sls rnbsics piur cl pns

rlalvibr aiool kihols tiutls als jnrkblssls# Lddls c(lc sict

pns oibcs k(uc hrnck lsprbt nu slrvbal k(ucl åol hâcârlusl#

Lt tribs bkâls eblc ajrâtblccls$ alddls ku pâajâ$ kl d(lxpbntbic

lt kl d(bc`bcbl obsârbairkl kl Kblu lc ìrolct dn trnol$ sncs

aioptlr alddl ku prihrês aictbcu qub nppnrnãt piur dn prlobêrl

ìbs kncs dn aicsablcal juonbcl#

Qb cius cius siools nttnrkâs í als spâaudntbics k(Irbhêcl$

al c(lst pns sludlolct piur dlur bctârçt tjâirbqul$ lt aioollc cius dnbssnct kâtiurclr kl dn pnhl k(jbstibrl qul cius

rnaictics# Cius cius l`ìrèics kl dls aicsbkârlr cic pns lc

*>" Irbhâcl$ Bc Lpbst#$ nk Uio#$ P$ >#

*5" Irbhâcl$ Bc Gi`b#$ Bd$ 8#

*1" Irbhlcl$ Bc Lpbst# nk Uio#$ P$ 8#

*;" Irbhâcl$ PBB$ <#

*<" Irbhâcl$ Bc Dlbbt# jio#$ Pbd$ 5#

*0" Irbhâcl$ Bc Lpbåt$ nk Uio#$ PBB$ ;#

*8" Irbhâcl$ ]rbcabpls$ B$ vb$ 5#

*:" Irbhâcl$ Bc Lpbst# nk Uio#$ P# 1#



IUBHLCL# 2g

lsprbts ku xbx, cb oûol ku xvbbS sbêadl 6 anr sb$ nu xvc( sbêadl$

ic sl prâiaaupnbt nrkloolct kl al qu(nvnbt plcsâ Nuhustbc$

Irbhêcl âtnbt$ aiool onbctlcnct$ pdutût ucl aurbisbtâ qu(ucl

nutirbtâ# Onbs cius cius l``irèics kl dls aicsbkârlr ku pibct

kl vul qub âtnbt aldub kl snbct Noeribsl qub$ bobtnct ucl

pnrtbl kl d(őuvrl k(Irbhêcl$ piuvnbt çtrl tlctâ pnr d(nutrl pnrtbl#

Dn ajrâtblctâ obt dichtlops í prlckrl tiut lctbêrl aictrl dub

dl pnrtb kl sic âvêqul Kâoâtrbus# Ntjncnsl dl rlaiccnãt piur

uc kl sls klvncablrs$ uc kls ]êrls kl dn `ib kl Cbaâl$ « ajlr/

ajnct sic vrnb slctbolct kncs sls n``brontbics clttls lt râpâ/

tâls$ lt cic kncs tiut al qul dn kbsaussbic lt dn spâaudntbic

d(ict nolcâ í aicglaturlr *>" ¶# Qnbct Ensbdl lt snbct Hrâhibrl

kl Cnzbncal sict iaaupâs í `nbrl ucl nctjidihbl kl sls âarbts$

sius dl cio kl ]jbdiandb`# A(lst pnr lux qul cius ict âtâ aic/

slrvâs lc hrla klux dbvrls kls ]rbcabpls# Qnbct Hrâhibrl kl

Cysslpiurrnbt prlsqul çtrl nppldâ

uckbsabpdl

k(Irbhêcl# Alsict dls oçols qulstbics qu(bd trnbtl$ lt a(lst nvla dl oçollsprbt dbeârnd$ juonbc$ pdus prâiaaupâ kl dn eictâ kl Kblu qul

kl sn gustbal# Eblc pdus tnrk lc`bc d(Lhdbsl hrâai/irblctndl

rlstn irbhâcbstl sur dn kiatrbcl ku prloblr pâajâ lt sur alddl kl

dn hråal$ quibqul sncs s(lc kiutlr$ lt nprês nvibr oçol sius/

arbt í dn aicknocntbic k(Irbhêcl# Lc Iaabklct$ iò ic c(nvnbt

pns lu iaansbic kl prlckrl pnrtb piur iu aictrl Irbhêcl$ ic

sl slrvbt kl dub nvla oibcs kl sarupudl lcairl# Qnbct Jbdnbrl

bobtl sn pnrnpjrnsl kls ]snuols lt trnkubt vrnbolct sls aio/

olctnbrls sur Gie lt sur snbct Ontjblu# Lusêel kl Rlralbd `nbt dn

oçol ajisl piur k(nutrls jioâdbls# Qnbct Gârûol$ nvnct qul

sn pidâobqul aictrl Uu`bc d(nbt lctrnãcâ í kls jistbdbtâs aic/

trl dl onãtrl kl Uu`bc$ s(jicirnbt k(bobtlr uc âarbvnbc qub$

kbsnbt/bd$ « n dls su``rnhls kl tiut jiool bctlddbhlct *5" ¶#

Qnbct Nuhustbc$ al qub lst nussb sbhcb`bantb`$ sl hnrkl kl oçdlr

*>" Kl Klar# syc#Cba$ p# 511#

*5" Qnbct Gfròol$ Aioolctnbrl nur Obajâl$ prâ`nal#



25 DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONÃ[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

Irbhêcl í sic kâent aictrl ]ldnhl# Lt dls nttnqcls kl snbct

Gârûol d(ict piurtnct kâgí rlcku susplat# Onbs$ kncs dls prl/

obêrls nccâls kl [âpbsaipnt k(Noeribsl$ sic nutirbtâ âtnbt

lctbêrl#

Lddl sl pridichl$ kbobcuâl lt aictlstâl$ kncs dls sbêadls qub

subvbrlct# ]ldnhl rldêvl kl dub pdus iu oibcs kbrlatlolct# Dl

oibcl Onxbol$ pubs Glnc Qait rltriuvlrict dn trnkbtbic$ qub

sloedl cl s(çtrl gnonbs plrkul$ kls lspârncals bc`bcbls

qu(Irbhêcl nvnbt snduâls kncs dl ajrbstbncbsol# N aûtâ kls prâ/

absbics kl dn saidnstbqul cnbssnctl$ dl syoeidbsol hnrklrn

dichtlops sur dls lsprbts ucl bc`dulcal rbvndl# « ]iur cius$

ajrâtblcs$ tiut lst `bhurl$ ¶ kbt uc oibcl kl d(nc > ===$ Uniud

Hdnelr *>"# Lt bd âarbt uc dbvrl sur dn Kbvbcl ^untlrcbtâ qub$

pnr dl tiur k(lsprbt qu(bd râvêdl$ cius `nbt rloictlr nu kldí

k(Irbhêcl$ gusqu(í ]jbdic# Irbhêcl lc`bc lst d(ncaçtrl lt d(bcspb/

rntlur kl PLvnchbdl âtlrcld# Onbs bd slrnbt jirs kl citrl suglt

kl piursubvrl pdus dichtlops alttl klsalckncal oystbqul kl

d(âaidl k(Ndlxnckrbl$ lt alt âaji qub sl pripnhl kncs citrl Iaab/

klct kls oâtjikls lt kls tjâirbls kl d(Irblct#

Klux bc`dulcals rbvndls suebls pnr snbct Noeribsl]jbdic lt Abaâric#

Ulvlcics kica sur cis pns# Cius cius âtbics klonckâ$ lt

piur Adâolct$ lt piur Irbhêcl$ s(bds âtnblct pdutût pdnticbablcs

qul stiéablcs$ lt cius nvbics râpicku qu(bds âtnblct d(uc lt

d(nutrl$ iu pdutût qu(bds c(âtnblct cb d(uc cb d(nutrl# Anr dlur

vrnb onãtrl lst ]jbdic$ ]jbdic qub pnrnãt í Irbhêcl « nvibr

pâcâtrâ d(lsprbt kls Âarbturls ¶$ ]jbdic qub « nurnbt `nbtd(nkob/

*>" Pibr Hlejnrt$ Ulvul kls Klux Oickls$ >% iatierl k:2>$ p# 0>1#



KL\Z BC@D\LCALQ UBPNDLQ 7 ]JBDIC L[ ABAÂUIC# 21

rndbic kis pjbdisipjls hrlas$ s(bds rnvnbict aiccu# ¶ Lt a(lst

nu BrnvtO(skl ]jbdic$ lt sbcpSudbaraolct kkb(iroâ pnr dub$ qu(bds

ict aiccu ]dntic# Dlur pdnticbsol *Vub lst râld$ lt pdus prês

kl ]dntic qul aldub kls hcistbquls$ c(lst piurtnct lcairl qul

al pdnticbsol kb`ùs lt naaiooikâ nu hiöt kl d(Irblct kict cius

pnrdbics pdus jnut# Bds bhcirlct [lrtuddblc qub lst uc Dntbc6

onbs bds bhcirlct nussb alux kls npidihbstls iaabklctnux qub

ict âarbt lc hrla# Dlur rlhnrk c(lst pns tiurcâ kl al aûtâ#

A(lst í ]jbdic qu(bds lopructlct dlurs priaâkâs k(lxâhêsl$ lt bd

c(lst pns âticcnct qul k(nutrls lopructs s(lc siblct subvbs#

K(nbddlurs alttl lxâhêsl lddl/oçol bopdbqul uc kâknbc ku slcs

ontârbld$ a(lst/í/kbrl lc kâ`bcbtbvl kl dn ontbêrl$ qub lst kâgí

ucl tjâirbl$ lt qub lst dl prbcabpl k(ucl ìudl k(nutrls# A(lst

lcairl ]jbdic qub dlur n lcslbhcâ qul dls pjbdisipjls hrlas sl

sict bcspbrâs kls dbvrls kl Oiésl# ‛ Bd su``bt k(nbddlurs k(iuvrbr

d(âkbtbic qul Onchay n kiccâl kls ILuvrls kl ]jbdic piur dbrl$

citâls nu ens kls pnhls$ dls bccioernedls lt siuvlct tlxtulddls

bobtntbics kl Adâolct lt k(Irbhêcl *>"#

Dirs kica qu(Noeribsl s(bcspbrl cic pdus kl ]jbdic$ onbs

k(Irbhêcl$ a(lst lcairl quldqul ajisl kl ]jbdic qub nrrbvl

gusqu(í dub# ]jbdic$ qub âtnbt kâgí uc âadlatbqul$ rlprâslctl nsslz

eblc al qub kl dn pjbdisipjbl irblctndl lst lctrâ kncs dl ajrbstbn/

cbsol# K(iò vblcclct als âdâolcts qu(bd n nssloedâs iu aio/ebcâs9 aldn lst ucl nutrl qulstbic# Onbs a(lst lc pnssnct pnr dub

*>" N ]jbdic Adâolct kibt$ icdrl nutrls ajisls$ ucl tjâirbl sur _*3s kbx

pnrtbls kl rbbibcbcl$sur tribs arbtêrls kl dn vârbtâ *Vub sict dls slcs$ dn pnridl

ld rbctaddbhlcal'# Bd dl aipbl b"rlsqui tlxtulddlolct kncs d(jbstibrl kl Oiésl

qub tlrobcl dl prloblr dbvrl kls Qtrioutas# Qic hcistbqul rnpplddl pnr

d"blc kls trnbts dls sidbtnbrls kl BSjbdic# ‛ A(lst dl oçol ]jbdic qub n bckubt

Irbhêcl í aicìckrl *ricùsbic qub c(lst k(nbddlurs ajlz dub *Sd(nppnrlctl lt

|"nssnhêrl" dl oickl lt dl Plrel$ nutlur ku oickl'' iu$ k(nutrls ìbs$

d(jiool lc qub lt piur *gub tiutls ajisls suesbstlct$ lt dl prloblr/câ kl dn

arântbic$ a(lst/í/kbrl lcairl dl Plrel#

• A`# @rlpb(LD$ Adâolct k(Ndlxnckrbl$ p# ;5:$ citl B#

'• Irbiêce$ )c #)i)b#$ Obd$ 1;#



2; DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONB[ULQ KL QNBC[ N#OJJIBQL#

qu(bds ict aictrbeuâ í `irolr dn plcsâl# ‛ oçol kls ]êrls kld(Lhdbsl dntbcl# ‛ Abaâric$ uc âadlatbqul dub nussb$ uc Uionbc$

onbs uc kbsabpdl kls Hrlas$ lxprbol kl sic aitâ$ surtiut kncs

dls qulstbics oirndls$ dn plcsâl oiylccl kl d(Iaabklct# Bd lst

dl typl k(uc lsprbt lt k(ucl pjbdisipjbl kbd[ârlcts kl d(lsprbt lt

kl dn pjbdisipjbl qul ]jbdic rlprâslctl piur cius# D(irbhbcndbtâ$

qu(ic dub rlpriajl siuvlct kl cl pns nvibr lul$ c(nurnbt pu

qul cubrl í al ròdl qu(bd n giuâ lt qul cius âtukbics# Dn rlc/

aictrl kl als klux bc`dulcals kncs d(lsprbt k(Noeribsl$ iò alddl

kl Abaâric klvnbt lc kâ`bcbtbvl kl elnuaiup d(lopirtlr$ lst

ucl bonhl `irt lxnatl$ quibqul râkubtl$ ku pdus hrnck `nbt

oirnd kl citrl jbstibrl$ d(nddbncal rândbsâl pnr dn plcsâl ajrâ/

tblccl kl dn pjbdisipjbl kl d(Irblct lt kl alddl kl d(Iaabklct# Lt

a(lst al qub lc nuholctl piur cius @bctârût#

Onbs vibab piur d(jbstirblc kls bkâls$ qub viukrnbt `nbrl nvla

lxnatbtukl dn pnrt kl ajnqul kiatrbcl kncs d(őuvrl aiooucl$ucl anusl ciuvlddl kl kb``baudtâs lt kl sarupudls# ]jbdic dub/

oçol$ ]jbdic dl Gub` lst kâgí tiut boprâhcâ kls tjâirbls kl dn

Hrêal$ lt al c(lst pns sludlolct kls tjâirbls pdnticbablccls qul

cius viudics kbrl$ anr aldn n kâgí âtâ kbt$ onbs nussb kls stié/

ablccls# >> `nut lctlckrl lc al slcs sic âadlatbsol# Bd rlprâslctl

piur cius tiut d(Irblct$ onbs d(Irblct nynct kâgí sueb dl aictnat

bctlddlatuld kl d(Iaabklct# Qn tjâirbl kl dn ontbêrl$ pnr lxlo/pdl$ lst$ nu kbrl kl O# Klcbs$ uc oâdnchl nsslz bcaijârlct kl

dn kiatrbcl stiéablccl lt kl dn kiatrbcl pdnticbablccl *>"# Onbs

dl tiut lst pdnaâ sius d(bcviantbic kl _Oiésl# Qn oirndl$ qub

surtiut cius bctârlssl$ nvnbt nvla dl stiéabsol aiool k(iedb/

hntibrls n``bcbtâs# « Dls klux hrnckls vlrtus stiéquls$ kbt lc

l``lt O# ddnvlt$ d(nustârbtâ lt d(juoncbtâ$ sloednblct çtrl ajlz

dls Gub`s dls vlrtus kl tiutl ucl rnal *5"# ¶ Dn tjâirbl stiéablccl

s(nknptl kica í olrvlbddl nux oőurs kl alttl rnal# Nussb

*>" Kl#os$ dia# abt#$ p# >1;/>1i#

*5" Jnvft$ dl Ajrbstbncbsol lt sls irbhbtbls$ d# >>>$ p# ;8>/b/85#



KL\Z BC@D\LCALQ UBPNDLQ 7 ]JBDIC L[ ABAÂUIC# 2<

viyics/cius ]jbdibb âarbrl uc trnbtâ kl oirndl sius al tbtrl$ qub

sloedl ûtrl uc tbtrl kl Hjrysbppl 7 ûl tiut jiool kl eblc lst

dberl# Lt bd c(y n pns qul dl tbtrl kl stiéablc kncs alt iuvrnhl#

Nctbsdjêcl lt Wlcic y sict abtâs# Lt a(lst dí qu(bd lst pnrdâ kl

als Lssâcblcs qub$ aiool quldquls stiéablcs bctrncsbhlncts$

rlùsnblct kl s(iaauplr kl pjysbqul lt kl dihbqul piur sl kic/

clr tiut lctblrs í dn oirndl# Nbddlurs ]jbdic prlck aiool

pibct kl kâpnrt$ sncs dn kâoictrlr cb dn kbsautlr$ dn tjâirbl

stiéablccl kls quntrl vlrtus *>"# Kl pnrlbds lopructs kl kâtnbd

neicklct ajlz dub *5"# Qius d(bc`dulcal kl dn pjbdisipjbl lc`bc$

dn vlrtu gubvl k(juoncbtâ prlck uc slcs lt ucl pirtâl ciu/

vlddl# Dl plupdl âdu kl Kblu plrk dn trnkbtbic âhiéstl kl alttl

âdlatbic lxadusbvl$ lt ]jbdic aicvbl tius dls jiools í ucl

ucbvlrslddl `rntlrcbtâ# [ius cl sict/bds pns `bds ku Plrel9 Qludls

dls pnssbics juonbcls ict obs pnrtiut dn kbvlrsbtâ lt dn kbs/

airkl# Klvnct dn cnturl lt klvnct Kblu bd c(y n pibct k(lsadnvls6

onbs tius sict dberls lt tius sict ciedls# ‛ Lt lc pnssnct klHrêal lc Gukâl$ kl dn pjbdisipjbl kncs ucl rldbhbic$ als bkâls

prlcclct uc naalct ciuvlnu lt qub klvnbt dlur aicquârbr dl oickl#

Onbs al oçol slctbolct rldbhblux$ qub kiccn tnct kl ìral

nux bkâls qu(bd nkiptn$ klvlcu bctlopârnct$ vlrsn kncs d(lx/

tnsl lt dn suplrstbtbic# Kl pdus dn pjbdisipjbl lddl/oçol$

pâcâtrnct lc Irblct$ s(âtnbt `nbtl oystbqul# Bd y nvnbt dí uc

knchlr piur dl ajrbstbncbsol cnbssnct# Onbs tnckbs qul dls

hcistbquls lxnhêrlct dl oystbabsol kl ]jbdic$ Adâolct lt

Irbhêcl$ tiut lc rldlvnct kl dub$ s(najlobclct kl pdus lc

pdus vlrs alt naairk kl dn rnbsic lt kl dn ìb$ vlrs al pnr`nbt

âqubdberl kls åols nuquld s(nttnajlrn d(irtjikixbl ajrâtblccl#

Cb d(uc cb d(nutrl c(löt obs dl siuvlrnbc eblc kncs dn pns/

sbvbtâ kl d(åol$ kncs d(nekbantbic kl dn rnbsic$ lt aiool dl

*>S BObbb#KC$ ># >$ p# 66i/768#

*5"Pibrpnrlx*(cbpdt($ t# B$ p# *15# A`# dis rnppriajlolcts `nbts pnr Ubttlr$

Jbstibrl kl dn pBbbdiJ# ncablccl$ trnk# Brnc *#nb sl$ t# BP$ p# 7{;B$ citl 5#




sbdlcal kl dn aicsablcal bckbvbkulddl# Bds sict tripHrlas piur

aldn$ lt$ ic al slcs cbroa$ pdus Hrlas qul ]ditbc# Ngiutlz qu(bds

ariblct í dn dbelrtâ$ nu dberl sndut kl ajnauc$ lt qu(bds c(nurnblct

gnonbs âarbt alttl kâaiurnhlnctl pnridl 7 « D(åol qub lc`nctl

k(lddl/oçol nvirtl *>" ¶# ‛ ]dus qul Adâolct lcairl$ Irbhêcl

n dl siuab kl snuvlhnrklr dl oârbtl bckbvbkuld lt dn pnrt kl

ajnauc kncs sn priprl klstbcâl# Anr al sict dí dls pistudnts kl

tiut sic systêol# Bd slrnbt pissbedl$ ariyics/cius$ lc aiopnrnct

sur k(nutrls pibcts Adâolct lt Irbhêcl$ k(najlvlr kl priuvlr$

ondhrâ quldquls nppnrlcals aictrnbrls$ qul kl d(uc í d(nutrl$

dn rânatbic aictrl dl oystbabsol kls hcistbquls s(naalctul#

Qur d(bcaioprâjlcsbebdbtâ kl Kblu$ Irbhêcl bcsbstl oibcs qul

Adâolct$ qub bcsbstnbt oibcs qul ]jbdic iu qul dls hcistbquls#

Bd aictlstl oûol pnr lckribts qul Kblu sibt nesiduolct bcaic/

cnbssnedl lt bccioonedl *5"# Qn oirndl lst piurtnct oibcs oystb/

qul lcairl qul sn tjâidihbl$ lt al c(lst pns dub qub n âarbt

sur dl pur noiur dls pnhls kict s(nutirbsl @âcldic$ a(lst Adâ/

olct$ aldub qu(ic npplddl$ piur d(ippislr í sic ìuhulux kbsab/

pdl$ dl snhl Adâolct#

Nbcsb dls prloblrs onãtrls k(Noeribsl qub$ lc uc slcs$ s(ippi/

slct í Abaâric$ lc uc nutrl slcs cius y oêclct# Lc lux kâgí

d(lsprbt adnssbqul prlck plu í plu dl klssus sur dls nutrls âdâ/

olcts qub ict aicaiuru í ìrolrdl

ajrbstbncbsol# Onbs nuauck(lux cl kbspnrnãtrn tiut í `nbt$ lt kl als rçvlrbls oystbquls

lddls/oçols qul dn dihbqul kl d(Iaabklct dbt s(âvnpirlr$ bd rlstlrn

kncs d(åol ajrâtblccl uc pnrùo kl piâsbl lt kl tlckrlssl# Dl

ajrbstbncbsol sut kica aicabdblr ucl rnrl pubssncal k(nssbob/

dntbic nvla dn aictbcubtâ kl sic kâvldipplolct$ lt ucbr nbcsb lc

dub klux sbhcls kbstbcatb`s$ nu kbrl ku anrkbcnd Clwonc$ kl dn

vbtndbtâ k(ucl kiatrbcl *1"#

*>" Pibr pdus jnut#

*5" Irbhêcl$ Aictrl Aldsl$ PB$ 0("#

*1" Clwonc$ Jbstibrl ku kâvldipplolct kl dn kiatrbcl ajrâtblccl$ aj# b#



AJN]B[UL BBB

DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

B

D(lsprbt ajrâtblc lt d(lsprbt rionbc#

« ]iur uc ieslrvntlur qub sl pdnalrnbt lc kljirs kl tiutl ìb

rldbhblusl spâabndl$ a(arbt uc oiklrcl npidihbstl *>"$ dl ajrbstbn/

cbsol sloedl çtrl dn rldbhbic luripâlccl6 aiool dls nutrls

âdâolcts kl dn abvbdbsntbic luripâlccl$ kribt$ nrt$ dbttârnturl$

pjbdisipjbl cnturlddl$ bd lst bckbhêcl kl aldtl pnrtbl ku oickl

kict dn Oâkbtlrrncâl lst dl alctrl# Qic kâvldipplolct s(lst

`nbt subvnct sn ìrol priprl sncs kiutl$ onbs pnr nssbobdntbic

k(âdâolcts lxtârblurs pjbdisipjbquls$ gurbkbquls$ oirnux$

rldbhblux oçol qub lxbstnblct nvnct dub# ¶

]râabsics knvnctnhl lt kbsics qul$ piur dn oirndl$ bd lst

surtiut rionbc# Al qub sbhcb`bl k(neirk qul alttl oirndl sl

sueirkiccl dn spâaudntbic# Lddl dub bopisl í dn ìbs uc eut lt

kls dbobtls# Dn oirndl ajrâtblccl `bt dl kihol ajrâtblc eblc

pdutût qu(lddl c(lc ùt ucl kâplckncal# Nbcsb dl stiéabsol

c(nvnbt viudu çtrl qu(ucl oirndl$ lt$ í Uiol ku oibcs$ cl

ùt qul aldn lc l``lt# Dn prbonutâ kl dn rnbsic prntbqul$ al

kihol aictlopirnbc$ cius vblct kica í dn ìbs kl citrl kiuedl

irbhbcl$ rionbcl lt ajrâtblccl# ‛ Nutrl trnbt kl oystârblusl

*>" Neeâ Kuaulscl$ dls Irbhbcls ajrâtblccls$ aiurs dbtjihrnpjbl$ p# 5$ citl#

\cbvlrsbtâ kl Dyic# ‛ PBBB# N# 8



2: DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

n``bcbtâ qub sl aicìck prlsqul nvla dl prâaâklct 7 dn vlrtu

rionbcl lst ucl vlrtu qub nhbt 6 dn aictlopdntbic$ dl pur noiur$

d(lxtnsl sict ajisls bcaicculs kls hrnvls slrvbtlurs kl dn pntrbl

rionbcl# Ir dn oirndl ajrâtblccl$ quibqu(lddl nbt lu sls aic/

tlopdntb`s$ n kl tiut tlops lcslbhcâ d(lxalddlcal lt dn câalssbtâ

kls őuvrls# Plcul kl d(Irblct$ lddl lc râpukbl dbckidlctl

oystbabtâ# Cic sludlolct lddl pdnal dn vlrtu nu/klssus kl dn

sablcal$ onbs al sict dls vlrtus prntbquls qu(lddl prâ`êrl# « Cius

siools pjbdisipjls$ kbt snbct Ayprblc$ cic lc pnridls$ onbs

lc natbics *>"# ¶ ‛ K(ibb bd râsudtl qul dn vlrtu ajrâtblccl lst í

dn pirtâl kl tius$ aiool dn jiccl vidictâ lddl/oçol# ¶ Ajlz

cius$ kbtNtjâcnhirl$ ic triuvlrn kls bhcirncts$ kls oncőuvrls$

kls vblbddls `lools$ bcanpnedls plut çtrl kl kâoictrlr pnr dn

pnridl [lxalddlcal kl citrl kiatrbcl$ onbs qub _"riuvlct sic

l``banabtâ pnr dlur aickubtl *5"# ¶ Lt alttl aicalptbic kl d(ucbtâ

oirndl kl tiut dl hlcrl juonbc n lcairl quldqul ajisl klrionbc# D(lsprbt âhndbtnbrl lst priprl nux pnys kl abvbdbsntbic

dntbcl$ lt al c(lst pns í Uiol qu(bd löt pu çtrl qulstbic kucl

râpnrtbtbic sncs âqubtâ kls jiools lc pcluontbquls$ psyajbquls

lt ajnrclds# A(lst lc iutrl ucl vârbtâ encndl qul d(ucbtâ pidbtbqul

rândbsâl kncs d(lopbrl n prâpnrâ tius dls nutrls hlcrls k(ucbtâ#

Nbcsb kls vbidlcals lt kls aicquçtls uc bkând oirnd lst câ$ tlddl/

olct bd nrrbvl qul dls l``lts rlssloedlct plu í dlurs anusls# D(bkâl

kl dib lc`bc qub lst ucl bkâl ajêrl nux Gub`s lst nussb ajêrl

nux Uionbcs# D(Âhdbsl prbobtbvl í Uiol âtnbt oçol ncboâl

k(uc tld lsprbt k(irkrl lt k(nutirbtâ qu(ic n suppisâ qul kls

Gub`s dl dub nvnblct aiooucbquâ# Quppisbtbic bcutbdl# Q(bd `nut

nppldlr guknésol$ aiool dl ìct alrtnbcs âarbvnbcs pritlstncts$

d(lsprbt kl kbsabpdbcl oçdâ nux ajisls kl dn ìb$ bd y n kls åols

cnturlddlolct gubvls$ aiool bd y n$ piur [lrtu\blc$ kls åols

*>" Qnbct Ayprbfc$ Kl eic# pntblct$ sbte# bc\# 7 Cis pjbdisipjb cic vlrebs

slk `natbs sucbus#

*5" Ntufcnhirl$ Quppdbl$ pri ajrbst#$ >>#



D(LQ]UB[ AJUÂ[BLC L[ DLQ]UB[ UIONBC# 22

cnturlddlolct ajrâtblccls$ lt al sict tiutls dls åols rionbcls#

Dl plupdl qub kbvbcbsnbt sls loplrlurs âtnbt `nbt piur aioprlc/

krl dls pnridls qul ]nud dub nkrlssnbt 7 « [iutl pubssncal vblct

kl Kblu *>"# ¶

Dls prloblrs âarbts kls ajrâtblcs nppnrtblcclct í klux typls

kb`[ârlcts$ dl typl ndlxnckrbc$ lt dl typl rionbc# [nckbs qul

[âpãtrl nttrbeuâl í Enrcnens oârbtlrnbt pnr sic syoeidbsol *5"

k(çtrl aicsbkârâl aiool dn prâ`nal kl dn hcisl$ lt qu(lddl ùt$ lc

tiut ans$ ucl nutirbtâ prâablusl piur d(âaidl k(Ndlxnckrbl *1"$ Adâ/

olct kl Uiol pnrdl uc tld dnchnhl qu(bd n pu sncs bcvrnbsloedncal

çtrl aicìcku nvla uc aicsud ku oçol cio *;"$ Bd lst nsslz

sbhcbtbantb` lc iutrl qul dl prloblr tâoibhcnhl âarbt kl sic lxbs/

tlcal qul cius nbt dnbssâ [âhdbsl kl Uiol sibt uc aiurs kl kbsab/

pdbcl lt k(ieâbssncal nkrlssâ pnr alttl âhdbsl í ucl âhdbsl sőur#

Bd y nvnbt lu í Airbctjl kls kbsslctbolcts lt kls rbvndbtâs kl

plrsiccls# Adâolct kl Uiol y lcviyn quldquls/ucs kl sls

prçtrls pirtlr kls pnridls kl pnbx lt k(juobdbtâ# [lddl ùt d(irb/

hbcl kl alttl dlttrl nux Airbctjblcs qub lut d(nutirbtâ k(uc âarbt

npistidbqul# Lddl lst dl prloblr sbhcl lt dl prloblr râsudtnt kl

d(nddbncal `âaickl kl d(lsprbt rionbc lt kl d(lsprbt ajrâtblc#

A(lst uc Uionbc qub n sur dn gustbal$ dn kbsabpdbcl$ sur dl eic

irkrl qub kibt râhclr kncs dls âhdbsls$ aiool pnrtiut$ kls bkâls sb

nrrçtâls *i"# A(lst uc ajrâtblc qub olt nu slrvbal kl al eic

irkrl ucl ieâbssncal k(uc anrnatêrl ciuvlnu$ ucl ieâbssncal

{{" Qnbct ]nud$ Uio#$ ZBBB$ >$ 8#

*5" Lxlopdl kl al syoeidbsol 7 qunck Nernjno n abraicabs 1>: kl sls

slrvbtlurs$ bd n viudu pnr als ajb``rls syoeidbquls$ nccicalr qul Gâsus/

Ajrbst slrnbt aruab`bâ# Lc l``lt dl cioerl >: lst bckbquâ lc hrla pnr dls

dlttrls B lt BB qub sict dls klux prlobêrls dlttrls ku cio kl Gâsus$ lddl

cioerl 1== lst bckbabuâ pnr [$ qub `bhurl dn aribx#

*1" Pibr dls rnppriajlolcts bckgquâs pnr @dcf$ Ipârn pntruo npistidbai/

"(uo$ B$ ]ridlhiolcn$ b#

*;" Pibr dn dlttrl kl Adâolct í ]blrrl$ kncs dls Adâolctbcls#

(#<" Adâolct U#$ Nk Air#$ 1$ ;$ ;=$ ;5#



>== DF a6bBJBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

qub c(lst pns bopisâl$ onbs viudul$ ucl ieâbssncal`nbtl

k(ju/obdbtâ *>"# Adâolct n ucl sidbkbtâ lt ucl sârâcbtâ k(lsprbt tiutl

rionbcl# Onbs al Uionbc lst pdlbc kl d(noiur kl Gâsus/Ajrbst

lt d(lxprbol lc tlrols lcddnooâs *5"# Qn pbâtâ c(n rblc k(nbddlurs

k(lxadusb` cb k(nsaâtbqul# >> c(n pns piur dn cnturl dl kâknbc kls

Ndlxnckrbcs# >> triuvl kncs dl eld nhlcalolct kls ajisls *1"$

lt gusqul kncs dn struaturl ku airps juonbc *;" kls nrhuolcts

lc `nvlur kl alttl dib k(jnroicbl qu(bd vlut rlckrl prâslctl í

d(lsprbt kls Airbctjblcs# Bd dlur abtl uc lxlopdl pdus anrnatârbs/

tbqul lcairl kl dn kbsabpdbcl í dnqulddl bd dls lxjirtl$ dn dâhbic

Uionbcl *<"# Alt lxlopdl vlcnct nprês alux kl Gie lt k(Nern/

jno `nbt uc sbchudblr l``lt# Kncs snbct Noeribsl cius rltriu/

vlrics kl oçol klux audturls lt klux trnkbtbics pnr`ibs ebznr/

rlolct naaiupdâls# Adâolct$ ic dl vibt pnr al qub prâaêkl$ c(n

aictrl d(nctbqubtâpnblccl nuauc prâguhâ# Bd dub lopructl k(nutrls

lxlopdls$ alux k(uc elnu kâviulolct nu eblc puedba *0"# Jtriuvl kncs sls `nedls$ kncs alddl ku pjâcbx lc pnrtbaudblr *8"$

ucl kâoicstrntbic bcaicsablctl$ aiool cius kbrbics$ kl dn râ/

surrlatbic$ kict elnuaiup kl pjâcioêcls cnturlds sict nussb dl

syoeidl lt dn priolssl *:"# \c ajrbstbncbsol qub cl jnbt pibct

dl oickl lxtârblur lt qub cl râpukbl pibct d(jârbtnhl kl d(nctb/

qubtâ$ vibdí kâgí dl ajrbstbncbsol rionbc# Ngiutics uc trnbt

lcairl7 dn tjâirbl oirndl kl Adâolct lst nsslz pnuvrl# Onbs

alttl pnuvrltâ oûol lst í citlr# >> nbol oblux dub nussb dls

natls qul dls pnridls *2"# Dn kiatrbcl kl dn hråal cl triuedl

*>" Adâofct c#$ Nk Air#$ db/dH$

*5g d(B#$ 1=#

*1d )*)#$ 5=#

*;" Bk#$ 18#

*<" Bk#

*0" Bk#$ ;=#

*8" Bk#$ 5<#

*:" Bk#$ 5;#

*2" Bk#$ 7G=#



d(lsprbt ajrâtblc lt D(LQ]UB[ UIONBC# >=>

pibct dn pnbx kl sic åol$ lt Kblu lst nppldâ pnr dub d(ucbvlrslddl

obsârbairkl *>"#

Ir dls pnridls kl Adâolct rltlctbrlct `râquloolct kncs dls

âhdbsls plcknct dls prloblrs sbêadls# Adâolct dub/oçol lst

nppldâ dl Gisuâ ku xCiuvlnu [lstnolct$ dl kbsabpdl pnr lxald/

dlcal kls npûtrls$ lt aiool dl slarâtnbrl kl d(nssloedâl bkândl

kncs dnqulddl bds sict alcsâs nvibr `bxâ dn dbturhbl lt dn kbsab/

pdbcl *5"# Dl cioerl kls âarbts nttrbeuâs `nusslolct í Adâolct

tâoibhclct k(ucl nutirbtâ qul ajnauc viudnbt tbrlr í sib *1"#

Dls pnhls qul cius vlcics k(ncndyslr sict kica í tius

âhnrks uc bopirtnct kiauolct piur d(jbstibrl kl dn oirndl

ajrâtblccl$ lt lddls lc onrqulct ku prloblr aiup d(irblctn/

tbic nvla ucl clttltâ qul dn subtl kl alttl jbstibrl cl kâolc/

tbrn pns#

Dls âarbts kls prloblrs npidihbstls lc sict dn prluvl# Nrbs/

tbkl lt ûnkrntus$ dls tiut prloblrs lc kntl$ bcviqulct sncssarupudl d(nutirbtâ kls pjbdisipjls hrlas# ûldquls nccâls

pdus tnrk Ntjâcnhirl$ uc vârbtnedl ârukbt$ `lrn lctrlr tiut al

qu(bd piurrn kl pjbdisipjbl pnélccl kncs sn râùtntbic oçol

ku pnhncbsol# Bd trnbtlrn ku airps lt kl dn vbl pjysbqul nvla

ucl neslcal kl oâprbs lt kl kâ`bncal qub vn klvlcbr rnrl#

Oâdbtic lc`bc$ kês dl bbS sbêadl$ lsqubssn uc priglt k(nddbncal ku

ajrbstbncbsol cic pdus sludlolct nvla dn audturl adnssbqul

onbs nvla d(Âtnt *;"#‛ Onbs a(lst snbct Gustbc qul cius viudics

prlckrl surtiut aiool typl kl als prloblrs kâ`lcslurs ku

ajrbstbncbsol# Bd lst dl pdus bopirtnct kl tius lt aldub qul cius

aiccnbssics dl oblux# Al c(lst pns uc Uionbc# Onbs bd tblct

âaidl í Uiol *<" Qls bkâls cius kicclct kica dn olsurl kl al

*>" Adâolct X#$ Nk Air#$ 57t#

*5" Pibr NEEÂ KuabbLQSF$ dia# abt#$ p# >:5#*1" Bk#$ citl#

*;" LusÂEL$ Jbst# laaD$ BP$ 50#

*<G dk#$dT$ >>#



>=5 DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

qul plcsnblct kncs alttl vbddl dls pdus bcstrubts pnrob dls ajrâ/

tblcs$ k(nutnct qu(bd lsd uc lsprbt pdus `lrol qu(irbhbcnd# >>

c(lst pns lxlopt kl tiutl bc`dulcal irblctndl# Bd `nut prlckrl

sic pnrtb kl vibr dls priaâkâs lt dls nrhuolcts kl ]jbdic pâcâ/

trlr pnrtiut iò pâcâtrnbt dn ìb ajrâtblccl lddl/oçol# Bds sl

oçdlct í d(npidihbl kl Gustbc í plu prês kncs dn oçol pripirtbic

qu(nux âarbts kls ]êrls dntbcs ku bv(( sbêadl# Gustbc cius kbrn

kica qul dls snhls kl dn Hrêal sict dls kbsabpdls kl alux kl dn

Gukâl$ lt piur priuvlr dls oârbtls kl dn aribx$ bd lc ajlrajlrn

dn ìrol syoeidbqul kncs dls oåts kls cnvbrls$ kncs dn ajnrrul$

kncs dl airps juonbc$ qunck dls erns sict âtlckus$ lt bd ngiutlrn$

aiool piur olttrl kl sic aûtâ dl pntrbitbsol rionbc$ kncs dls

lcslbhcls lt dls tripjâls *>"#

Onbs al c(lst pns dí sic jnebtulddl oncbêrl$ sb al oit plut

aicvlcbr í als prbobtb`s lt í als snbcts# Qb sbopdls qu(bds siblct$

dls nutlurs kls npidihbls cl pnrdlct alplcknct pns dl dnchnhlkls npûtrls# Adâolct Uionbc dub/oçol kâvldippnbt sn plcsâl$

kiccnbt kls rnbsics$ kbsslrtnbt lc`bc# >> y nvnbt kâgí kl dn rjâti/

rbqul kncs sic ans# N pdus ìrtl rnbsic snbct Gustbc qub s(l`d(iral

kl aicvnbcarl kls nkvlrsnbrls$ kls plrsâautlurs$ yolt/bdtiutd(nrt

cnturld í qubaicqul kbsautl lc hrla # Bd sl hnrkl eblc kl pnrdlr pnr

npipjtlhols$ lt k(lopdiylr als ìroudls erêvls qub rlssloedlct

íkls kâ`bs lt í kls irkrls# Qn pârbikl s(nddichl$ sl `nbt prlsqul

bcsbcunctl# Nvla dub dl ajrbstbncbsol klvblct pdus dbttârnbrl# ‛Onbs bab dn ìrol lctrnãcl dl ìck$ lt dls bkâls sict aiool nttn/

ajâls í d(bcstruolct qub dlur n dichtlops slrvb# Ribdí kica dls

npidihbstls$ piur pdnbklr dn anusl ku ajrbstbncbsol$ aickubts$

sncs dl snvibr$ í pnatbslr nvla d(nctbqubtâ pnélccl#

Bds dl ìct nussb lc dl snajnct$ lt piur ucl nutrl rnbsic# Ic

rlpriajnbt nu ajrbstbncbsol$ s(bd lst câalssnbrl nu sndut kls åols$

k(çtrl vlcu sb tnrk$ lt k(nvibr dnbssâ jirs kl dub tnct kl hâcârn/

*>" Qnbct Gustbc$ NpiD$ >$ (ûi# Kis bkâls ncndihuls sict lxprboâls lc dntbc

pnr [lrtuddblc$ NpiD$ >0$ lt Obcuabus @âdbx$ 52#



D(LQ]UB[ AJUÂ[BLC L[ D(LQ]UB[ UIONBC# >=1

dbics lt kl plupdls *>"# Bd `nddnbt$ piur râpickrl í als rlpriajls$

*surtiut í ucl kpiqul iò dls kâarlts bopâcâtrnedls kl dn hråal

cl ìurcbssnblct pibct lcairl ucl râpicsl í tiut$" rlckrl aioptl

nu pibct kl vul ajrâtblc k(uc pnssâ qub nvnbt lu sls hdibrls$ lt

aicsbkârlr dn snhlssl nctbqul aiool ucl sirtl kl ajrbstbncbsol

nctârblur$ kict dls rlprâslctncts nurnblct lu kncs dl pdnc kbvbc

uc rûdl aiopnrnedl í aldub kls pripjêtls kl dn Gukâl# Dn pjbdi/

sipjbl ùt kica kl eiccl jlurl d(nddbâl kl dn tjâidihbl# Alttl

tnatbqul iedbhntibrl aiötnbt í snbct Gustbc oibcs qu(í tiut nutrl#

Anr dub/oçol âtnbt uc pjbdisipjl# Bd nvnbt ajlrajâ dn vârbtâ

kncs tiutls dls âaidls nvnct kl dn triuvlr kncs dl ajrbstbncbsol#

]jbdisipjl nvnct sn aicvlrsbic$ bd klolurn pjbdisipjl nprês$

sncs y vibr d(ioerl k(ucl kb``baudtâ iu k(ucl aictrnkbatbic# Dl

ajrbstbncbsol lst piur dub ucl pjbdisipjbl supârblurl$ onbs cic

sncs ncndihbl nvla dls nutrls# Bd bcviqul dn râvâdntbic *5" 6 onbs$

aiool dn pdupnrt kls npidihbstls$ a(lst surtiut pnr kls nrhu/olcts rntbicclds qu(bd kâoictrl tius dls kihols# Lt dls ipbcbics

kls pjbdisipjls vblcclct í d(nppub kl als kâoicstrntbics *1"# Bd y

n lc l``lt ucl sirtl kl râvâdntbic âtlrclddl qub sl aicìck nvla

dn pubssncal cnturlddl kl dn rnbsic# Dl Ajrbst dub/oçol c(lst qul

alttl rnbsic plrsiccb`bâl# [ius alux qub d(ict plrsiccb`bâl nvnct

dub$ quibqul nvla ucl oibckrl pdâcbtukl$ sict kls prâaurslurs#

[ld Qiarntl qub$ nvnct dub$ nvnbt aioenttu dl rêhcl kls kâoics$

a(lst/í/kbrl dl pidytjâbsol *;"# Kncs dl oçol lsprbt dls kihols

ajrâtblcs sict rnppriajâs kls kihols pjbdisipjbquls$ pdutût

qu(bds cl dlur sict ippisâs *<"$ lt oçol kls oytjls pnélcs *0"#

*>" Çpbtrl í Kbihcêdl$ ># « ]iurquib dn kiatrbcl ajrâtblccl n/t/lddl pnru

kncs dl oickl í citrl âpiqul$ lt cic nupnrnvnct 9 ¶ A`# Qnbct #Bârûol$

í Atâsbpjic$ sur dls lrrlurs kl ]ldnhl#

*5" Qnbct Gustbc$ NpiD$ B$ 15 6 Kbnd# nvla [rypj#$ 8$ >>$ 12$ 02#

*1" Qnbct Gustbc$ Kbnd# nvla [rypj#*;" Qnbct Gustbc$ NpiD$ B$ >16 AÅ# ;0#

*<" Bk#$ B$ 0=#

*0" Bk#$ B$ 5>$ 55$ 5;#

8'



>=; DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

Bd lst aurblux kl vibr prlckrl pnr dls npidihbstls gustlolct

dn pisbtbic qul prlcclct kl cis giurs dls nkvlrsnbrls ku

ajrbstbncbsol# Lc`bc dls klux oirndls sict aicsbkârâls

aiool dl pridichlolct d(ucl kl d(nutrl# Alux qub ict eblc

vâau nvnct dl Ajrbst oârbtlct dl cio kl ajrâtblcs *>"# Dl Ajrbst

lc l``lt âtnct dn rnbsic âtlrclddl$ vbvrl aicìroâolct í dn rnb/

sic$ a(âtnbt vbvrl aicìroâolct nu Ajrbst *5"# ‛ Cius triuvl/

rbics vidictblrs qul als npidihbstls ict dl ajrbstbncbsol trip

oiklstl# Onbs$ kncs dn duttl$ ic cl olsurl pns oblux dls aicals/sbics qul dls aiups# ûib qu(bd lc sibt$ cius siools kâgí dibc

ku tlops iãb snbct ]nud ippisnbt í dn sablcal lt í d(irhulbd kls

pjbdisipjls d(bhcirncal lt d(juobdbtâ kls kbsabpdls ku Ajrbst#

Dl ajrbstbncbsol n dl prloblr pripisâ í dn snhlssl nctbqul uc

trnbtâ kl pnbx#

BB

Dl ajrbstbncbsol kls pnélcs

Onbs bd `nut ngiutlr qul alttl snhlssl nctbqul$ oçol lc Iaab/

klct$ âtnbt nddâl aiool nu/klvnct kl dn glucl rldbhbic$ lt qul$

sius kls bc`dulcals kbvlrsls$ lddl nvnbt prbs uc nsplat ciuvlnu

lt kâgí ajrâtblc# A(lst ucl kâoicstrntbic siuvlct `nbtl qul tius

dls slctbolcts ajrâtblcs cl kntlct pns ku ajrbstbncbsol# Nussb

cl viudics/cius pns dn rl`nbrl$ onbs bcsbstlr sludlolct sur

d(nknptntbic sbchudbêrl kls bkâls lt kls tlckncals$ qub onrqulct

dn ò ku pnhncbsol$ í dn ìb qub vn dub suaaâklr# ‛ \c piêtl

kict ic `lrn uc prâaurslur$ lc oçdnct sic åol í d(åol rionbcl$

dub n bciaudâ ucl tlckrlssl qu(lddl cl kâsnpprlckrn pdus# Dn

syopntjbl piur dls juoedls$ piur alux qub siu``rlct$ rltlctbt

aiool uc âaji pnrtiut iò nvnblct âtâ lctlckus alrtnbcs vlrs

*b" Qnbct Gustbc$ NpiD$ BB$ :$ >=#

*5" Ntjâcnhirl Quppdbl$ pri Ajrbst#$ 1<#



DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL KLQ ]NÉLCQ# >=<

kl Pbrhbdl *>"#Lt kncs al

oçolpiêol$ iò d(bbiool klvblct

pdus kiux lcvlrs d(jiool$ bd nppnrnãt lcvlrs Kblu pdus aic`bnct

lt pdus râsbhcâ *5"# Nussb uc ajrâtblc kl cis giurs cl sl slct/bd

pns kâpnysâ lc dbsnct Pbrhbdl# Ajlz al `lrvlct pnélc bd c(y n

pdus kl pnélc qul dn obsl lc saêcl lt dls cios priprls# Lt

[ic aioprlck qul dn dlaturl kl sls őuvrls nbt$ aiool ucl dla/

turl pblusl$ prâpnrâ$ dn dâhlckl kbt oçol ipârâ í lddl sludl

kls aicvlrsbics *1"# Onbs d(lxqubsl piâsbl kl Pbrhbdl c(lst qu(uc

syoptûol$ dl prloblr plut/çtrl$ k(ucl `nèic ciuvlddl kl

plcslr lt kl slctbr kict dls oncb`lstntbics vict nddlr sl oud/

tbpdbnct#

Dl stiéabsol nvnbt klpubs dichtlops lcslbhcâ qul tius dls

jiools ìrolct ucl oçol siabâtâ$ lt a(lst Hbaâric$ cius

nurics iaansbic kl dl rlkbrl$ qub nvnbt lxprboâ alttl bkâl kncs

dl pdus onhcb`bqul dnchnhl *;"# Kl alttl pnrlctâ irbhbclddl tius

dls klvibrs siabnux âtnblct kâkubts7 « Dn cnturl vlut qul

d(jiool `nssl ku eblc í d(jiool$ lt piur alttl sludl rnbsic

qu(bd lst jiool# ¶ Onbs dls sbêadls subvncts ìct sirtbr kl alttl

tjâirbl nestrnbtl uc slctbolct pdus vb` kl râlddl `rntlrcbtâ# « Qb

dn cnturl cius n kiccâ klux erns$ kbt ìrtlolct Qâcêqul *0"$

a(lst piur nbklr cis sloednedls 6¶ lt bd rnpplddl dl elnu vlrs

sb siuvlct râpâtâ kl [ârlcal$ lt kict dl slcs nppnrnãt kl pdus

lc pdus pdlbc# Al qub lst í citlr kl dn pnrt k(uc stiéablc$

bd sloedl kloncklr nu aőur kl sl olttrl kl dn pnrtbl$ lt

k(ngiutlr í d(nbkl ontârblddl alddl qub cl plut vlcbr qul kl

dub *8"# Nux hlcs nbhrbs lt tiugiurs oâaictlcts bd nkrlssl alttl

*." Pbrhbdl$ Lcâbkl$ vibr surtiut B$ ;05 6 PBBB$ ;=8#

*5"Gk#$ B$ <;56 BB$ ;5:$ 0== 6 BP$ <0# Pibr Eibssblr$ Uldbhbic Uionbcl$

B$ BP$ 1#

*1" [bDDLOIC[$ Jbst# laaD$ t# BBB$ p# 11>#

*;" Pibr surtiut Kl dlhbeus$ B$ 8$ 51#

*<" AbaÂUIC$ Kli``#$cT$ 0#

*0" Qâcêqul$ Lp# nk DuabD$ 2<#

*8" Qâcêqul$ Kl brn$ B$ >;$ 1#



DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL KLQ ]NÉLCQ# >=8

Kl ciuvlnux klvibrs lcvlrs cius/oçols nppnrnbsslct í dn

oçol kntl lt nvla dls oçols jiools# Lt bd c(lst pns sncs

bctârçt kl citlr *lut/ic pu lc l``lt n prbirb d(âtnedbr9" qulddl

oikbdbantbic kl dn oirndl bckbvbkulddl n airrlspicku í ucl

aicsablcal pdus kâvldippâl kl dn `rntlrcbtâ# Ir alttl oikb`b/

antbic n aicsbstâ kncs d(nppnrbtbic ku sarupudl$ aiool sb

alrtnbcs slctbolcts$ lc lctrnct kncs d(òol juonbcl$ dibc

k(âpubslr tiutls sls rlssiurals piur dl eblc$ dub lc `nbsnblct

kâaiuvrbr qu(lddl cl sl aiccnbssnbt pibct# Bab lcairl bd c(y n

rblc k(nesiduolct ciuvlnu# A(lst ucl vblbddl bkâl stiéablccl

qul cis bctlctbics sict$ pdus qul cis natls oçol$ dls âdâolcts

kl citrl oirndbtâ# Onbs bd y n dibc kl al qub lst aiccu í al qub

lst slctb$ aiool kbrnbt Dlbecbtz$ lt a(lst nux nppriajls ku

ajrbstbncbsol sludlolct qul al slctbolct k(bctbol rlspicsneb/

dbtâ triuvl sic lxprlssbic# « ûbaicqul ciurrbt uc onuvnbs

kâsbr lst aiupnedl$ ¶ kbt Qâcêqul$ lt bd ngiutl qu(ic plut nbcsb

çtrl nssnssbc sncs vlrslr dl snch *>"# Onbs a(lst Lpbatêtl qub sur

al pibct lcairl lst dl pdus ajrâtblc kls pnélcs 7 « Nugiurk(jub$

nynct rlcaictrâ ucl elddl `lool$ gl cl ol subs pns kbt 7

jlurlux qub aiuajl nvla lddl . jlurlux sic onrb > anr sl kbrl

aldn alst çtrl nkudtêrl lc plcsâl *5"# ¶ Al tlxtl cius priuvl

lcairl qul dn ajnstltâ lst klvlcul ucl vlrtu# N vrnb kbrl$ lddl

lc nvnbt tiugiurs âtâ ucl$ lt bd slrnbt puârbd kl prlckrl ZNrtk(nbolr piur dn rlprâslctntbic lxnatl kls oilurs lt surtiut kl

dn oirndl kls ncablcs# D(âaidl kl ]ytjnhirl nvnbt$ lctrl nutrls

trnkbtbics$ alddl kl dn purltâ kls oőurs$ lt al ùt uc pytjnhi/

rbablc$ Nttndl$ qub pdus tnrk y aicvlrtbt dl glucl Qâcêqul# ]dntic

kâadnrl bc`åol aldub qub vbt nvla ucl nutrl qul sic âpiusl dâhb/

tbol *1"# ûnct í dn `lool nkudtêrl$ al c(lst pns sludlolct kncs

dn abtâ bkândl kl ]dntic$ a(lst kncs Ntjêcls qu(lddl lst ajnssâl ku

*>" Qâslqdl$ Kl elcl`#$ T$ d (b#

*5" Fpbatltl$ Kbss#$ >># BQ#

*1" ]dntic$ Digs$ PBBB#



DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL KLQ ]NÉLCQ# ddd

nuquld s(nkrlsslct als hrnckls åols n plbcl$ oûol piur lddls$

í sl kâhnhlr ku oickl lt kls dibs ku oickl qub$ piur dls

prloblrs tjâidihblcs ku ]irtbqul$ dl aictblcclct lt d(lxprbolct#

Lddls ict pdus kl kâvitbic qul kl ìb$ lt a(lst alttl kâvitbic

qub$ ajlrajnct sic ieglt$ dl priglttl pnrìbs lc kljirs k(lddl#

Dl Kblu stiéablc isd kês dirs aiool kbsputâ lctrl dn oâtnpjy/

sbqul lt dn oirndl ku stiéabsol# Bd nppnrnãtaiool ucl plrsiccl$

pubs kl ciuvlnu sls trnbts sl ìcklct$ lt bd s(âvnciubt# Oçol

ajlz Onra/Nurêdl bd lst bctlrobttlct# Onbs alttl nkirntbic qubs(iestbcl$ qunck tiut çtrl nkirnedl sl kâriel í lddl$ c(lc lst

qul pdus sbhcb`bantbvl$ lt lddl onrqul eblc alttl kbspripirtbic

lctrl dls åols lt dls ariyncals qub dls prâpnrnbt í rlalvibr$

aiool ucl ajisl klpubs dichtlops nttlckul$ dn râvâdntbic

ajrâtblccl# Alt âtnt k(bcqubâtukl bctlddlatulddl lt oirndl lst

ìrtlolct kâplbct pnr d(nutlu"( kls Adâootbcls# « Kês on pdus

tlckrl lc`ncal$ g(âtnbs trnvnbddâ kl kiutls qub âtnblct lctrâs$ gl

cl snbs aioolct$ kncs oic åol# Cl slrnb/gl pdus rblc nprês

on oirt$ lt cud cl sl siuvblckrn/t/bd pdus kl oib$ pubsqul dl

tlops lchdiutbt kncs d(iuedb tiutls dls ajisls juonbcls 9 Al

slrn kica aiool sb gl c(âtnbs pns câ. ûnck dl oickl n/t/bd

âtâ arââ$ lt qu(y nvnbt/bd nupnrnvnct 9 Q(bd n lu uc aioolcalolct$

nurn/t/bd ucl `bc9 Lt qu(y nurn/t/bd nprês dn `bc ku oickl$ sb al

c(lst dl sbdlcal kl dn oirt9 [nckbs qul gl pirtnbs lc oib als

bkâls$ g(âtnbs sb ìrt tiurolctâ qul gl pådbssnbs lt qul gl olaicsuonbs# Lt al qu(bd y n kl pdus l``rnynct$ a(lst qul sb gl

viudnbs ol kâ`nbrl uc oiolct kl ols kiutls bcutbdls$ alttl

siu``rncal sl rncbonbt lc oib pdus vbidlctl lt pdus vbvl# ¶ Ndirs

d(nutlur `nbt viynhlr alttl åol nvbkl kl vârbtâ kncs dls âaidls

kls pjbdisipjls iò lddl cl triuvl qul aictrnkbatbic$ kncs dl

pnys ku surcnturld$ lc Lhyptl$ iò lddl cl triuvl qul oystb`b/

antbic$ gusqu(í al qu(lc`bc$ nynct rlcaictrâdl ajrbstbncbsol

sur sic ajlobc$ lddl sl rlpisl kl sls pârâhrbcntbics lt giubssl

kl pissâklr al qu(lddl ajlrajnbt sncs dl snvibr# ‛ [lddl lst



>>/5 DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

d(jbstibrl vrnbl kl elnuaiup k(íols pnélccls# Lt a(lst al qub

cius n plrobs kl kbrl qul dn kbstncalsl `nbsnbt kl oibcs lc

oibcs hrnckl lctrl dl pnhncbsol kls olbddlurs pnrob dls

pnélcs lt dl ajrbstbncbsol dub/oçol#

BBB

\c bctrncsbhlnct 7 [lrtuddblc$

Alplcknct dl prloblr ajrâtblc qub lut ku tndlct lc dntbc *>"

[lrtuddblc$ lst d(nkvlrsnbrl kâadnrâ kl tiutl aiopriobssbic nvla

dl pnssâ# Dn dbttârnturl dntbcl ajrâtblccl kâeutl nvla dub pnr

d(bctrncsbhlncal# ‛ [lrtuddblc lst irbhbcnbrl kl Anrtjnhl$ iò bd

cnqubt k(uc alcturbic# Bd lst eblc Uionbc pnr klux trnbts nu

oibcs kl sic anrnatêrl lt kl sic tndlct 7 a(lst uc rândbstl lt

uc gurbstl *5"# Qic npidihbl lst oibcs ucl kâ`lcsl ku ajrbstbn/

cbsol$ nu pibct kl vul pjbdisipjbqul$ qu(ucl kâ`lcsl kls ajrâ/

tblcs$ nu pibct kl vul kls dibs# Eblc kb``ârlctl lc aldn kl alddl kl

snbct Gustbc$ lddl râpicknbt oblux í kls elsibcs booâkbnts# Lc

iutrl$ oibcs pjbdisipjbqul$ lddl âtnbt pnr aldn oûol pdus

rionbcl# A(lst oçol uc « vblux Uionbc ¶ qul [lrtuddblc$ lc al

slcs qu(bd `nbt l`ìrt piur kâpiubddlr tiutl audturl jlddâcbqul#

Lc rlvncajl$ pnr d(Ncablc [lstnolct$dn audturl sâobtbqul n

lxlraâ sur dub ucl natbic qul sic tlopârnolct k(N`rbanbc dl

prâkbspisnbt plut/çtrl í rlalvibr# Lt$ pnr dub$ lddl n pâcâtrâ kncs

dn dbttârnturl dntbcl ajrâtblccl lt dub n kiccâ$ ndirs oçol qu(lddl

ùt klvlcul oibcs rlelddl í d(nutirbtâ kls oikêdls pnélcs$ sn

*>" A(lst snbct Gârûoi qub cius kbt qul [artuddbic ùt dl pricbbir âarbvnbc

ajrâtblc lc dntbc nprês dl pnpl Pbatir$ nutlur k(ipusaudls sur dn `çtl kl

]åquls$ lt dl sâcntlur Npiddikirl$ qub nvnbtkâ`lcku dl ajrbstbncbsol klvnct

dl sâcnt# Kl vbrbs bddustrbeus$ <1#

*5" Lusâel d(npplddl uc aiccnbsslur jnebdl kls dibs rionbcls# Jbst# laaD$

>>$5#



\C BC[UNCQBHLNC[ 7 [LU[\DDBLC# >>1

snviur priprl# Pibdí aioolcd oòol dls bobtntlurs kl Abaâric

priaêklct kl [lrtuddblc# D(bckb``ârlcal piur dn elnutâ lt dn râ/

hudnrbtâ kl dn ìrol qu(bd pri`lssl su``bt í arâlr ucl ìrol dbttâ/

rnbrl ciuvlddl$ pdus dåajâl$ onbs pdus irntibrl$ pdlbcl kl snbddbls

lt kl triuvnbddls$ aiool kl câhdbhlcals$ plu sarupudlusl sur

dl ajibx kls oits$ pnr aldn oçol pdus kâoiarntbqul lt pdus

pipudnbrl# Dl ajrbstbncbsol$ qub vlut çtrl lctlcku nu dibc lt kl

tius$ sl arâl nbcsb ucl dnchul prlsqul aisoipidbtl qub cl klvnbt

pns çtrl ku hiöt kls rjâtlurs# Oçol ajlz snbct Noeribsl$oçol ajlz snbct Nuhustbc bd rlstlrn quldqul ajisl kl aldtl

bckâplckncal dbttârnbrl# [lrtuddblc lc`bc `nerbqul uc hrnck

cioerl kl suestnctb`s nestrnbts *> "# Dl dntbc adnssbqul lc âtnbt ìrt

pnuvrl# \c guhl nutirbsâ *5" rlaiccnãt kncs alttl tlckncal

í plrsiccb`blr kls nestrnatbics$ kls qundbtâs$ kls oncbêrls k(çtrl

iu k(nhbr$ uc tiur k(lsprbt pdutût irblctnd$ onbs qub klvblckrn

aiooucnux cntbics ajrâtblccls$ ‛ Lc vibdí nsslz sur dl stydl

kl [lrtuddblc$ lt cius c(lc nurbics oçol pns kbt nutnct s(bd c(y

nvnbt ajlz dub uc rnppirt âtribt lctrl dl stydl lt dls bkâls#

A(lst kncs PNpidihbl qu(âadntl piur dn prlobêrl ìbs sn jnbcl

aictrl dls pjbdisipjls# Kls pnélcs âadlatbquls siutlcnblct$ al

qul snbct Gustbc nvnbt siutlcu$ qul dl ajrbstbncbsol c(âtnbt nprês

tiut qu(ucl pjbdisipjbl ciuvlddl# Bd y nvnbt dí aictrl dn plrsâ/

autbic uc rlùhl pissbedl lt ucl lxausl# Onbs bd c(lst pns kncs

dl tlopârnolct kl [lrtuddblc kl prlckrl kls ebnbs lt kl pdnbklr

dls abraicstncals nttâcunctls# Bd rlpiussl$ aiool ucl bcgurl$

al rnppriajlolct ku ajrbstbncbsol lt kl dn pjbdisipjbl# Lt bd

kâedntêrl$ í al pripis$ aictrl dls pjbdisipjls$ nvla uc lsprbt

k(bctidârncal qub n âtâ âhndâ$ onbs gnonbs kâpnssâ# Bd c(lst pns

kl andiocbl qu(bd cl rnonssl# Bd `nbt plcslr í uc aurâ kl ano/

pnhcl prçajnct aictrl Pidtnbrl# Bd c(âpnrhcl plrsiccl$ cb

*>" Jnusajbb#k$ ]rbcabpls lt oiylcs kl ìrontbic kls oibs kncs [lrtuddblc$

Dlbpzbh$ >:80/>::>#

*5" Lelrt$ )ia# abt#$ trnk# `rncènbsl$ t# B$p#;8#

CBPLUQB[Â [L DyIC# ‛ PBBB# N# Q



>>; DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L

Kâoiarbtl$ cb Ncnxnhira$ cb Nrbstitl$ cb ]dntic$ cb oçol

Qiarntl#

Bd `nut ngiutlr tiutlìbs qu(bd cl s(lc prlck pns sludlolct nux

pjbdisipjls$ onbs í dn pjbdisipjbl# Lctrl lddl lt dn ìb bd kiccl

í ajibsbr$ lt bd triuvl ucl gibl kl eiurrlnu í bcsbstlr sur dn

câalssbtâ kl al ajibx nuquld tnct k(íols$ kl tiut tlops$ ict

aru piuvibrslsiustrnbrl#bd cl sblk pns í uc ajrâtblc kl ajlrajlr

quldqul ajisl nu kldí kl d(lcslbhclolct kbvbc$ lt k(nbddlurs

tiut cius lst kiccâ kncs alt lcslbhclolct *>"# Citrl ìb cius

su``bt kica$ lt dl prloblr nrtbadl kl alttl ìb lst qu(bd c(y n rblc

lc kljirs k(lddl# Dn ìb vblct kl Kblu$ dn pjbdisipjbl ku kâoic$

tls jârâsbls sict câls ku oâdnchl nkudtêrl kl dn pjbdisipjbl

lt kl dn ìb# Dls pjbdisipjls lc sict dls pntrbnrajls *5"# Dn kia/

trbcl kls npûtrls trncsobsl pnr dn trnkbtbic lst tiutl citrl

sablcal# Ublc cl prâvnut aictrl lddl$ onbs$ nvla lddl$ bd `nut

nkolttrl d(nesurkl lt d(bopissbedl *1"# [lrtuddblc lstdl prloblr

lt dl pdus `nriuajl kls trnkbtbiobndbstls#

Cius vibdí eblc dibc kl dn dberl lt dnrhl lxâhêsl k(Irbhêcl#

Irbhêcl lt [lrtuddblc$ als klux hrncks aictlopirnbcs$ ict prbs

lc `nal kl dn plcsâl kl d(nctbqubtâ dls klux nttbtukls dls pdus

ippisâls# Câ k(ucl `nobddl pblusl$ Irbhêcl c(n lctrlvu dl oickl

qu(í trnvlrs dls âarbts kls pdus snhls pnrob dls jiools$ lt sn

tidârncal bctlddlatulddl lst câl kl sn ancklur oçol lt kl dn

sâaurbtâ kl sn ìb# Aicvlrtb tnrk$ [lrtu\blc n aiccu dn siabâtâ

pnélccl kncs sn airruptbic$ lt bd erödl nvla rnhl al qul dub/

oçol n sncs kiutl nkirâ# Onbs dn kb``ârlcal k(âkuantbic kl als

klux jiools$ lt nussb dn kb``ârlcal kl dlurs tlopârnolcts

cl sict bab qul kls anusls iaansbicclddls# Bds rlprâslctlct í

vrnb kbrl klux kbrlatbics lt aiool klux kiatrbcls aictrnbrls nu

*b" [lrtbdb#bfc$ Kl ncbbo$ 5# Cic nopdbus bcvicbrb dbrlt qbbncb quik n Kli

kbsabdur# ûik nudlo n Kli kbsabtur tiduo lst#

*5" [lrtuddblc$ Kl ncbon$ 16 Kl gvxsa# jnr#$ 86 NtjT Onra$ P$ >=#

*1" [lrtuddblc$ Kl anrcl Ajrbstb$ ãb#



\C BC[UNCQBHLNC[ 7 [LU[\DDBFC# db66

slbc oçol ku ajrbstbncbsol# « Kncs tiutl őuvrl kl rbbiool$

[artuddblc c(nplrèibt qul rbcddulcal ku kâoic qub [n plrku6

Irbhbcl sl oictrl tiugiurs nttlctb` í rltriuvlr d(loprlbctl kl

dn onbc kbvbcl qub [n arââ *> " ¶ Aldub/ab lst d(npûtrl k(ucl rldbhbic

jispbtndbêrl lt ku sndut ucbvlrsld 6 aldub/dí c(n í dn eiuajl

qu(ncntjêols lt olcnals k(lc`lr# D(uc lcslbhcl d(nddbncal kl

dn rnbsic lt kl dn ìb$ d(nutrl dlur brrâobssbedl kbviral# Bds sict

d(uc aiool í d(lxtrçol kribtl kl d(Lhdbsl dntbcl$ d(nutrl aiool

í d(lxtrçol hnuajl kl d(Lhdbsl hrlaqul# Qb d(uc lst d(ncaçtrl kls

oystbquls$ d(nutrl lst d(ncaçtrl kls bcqubsbtlurs# @nbt í citlr$

d(irtjikixbl$ nobl ku gustl obdblu$ cl subvrn cb d(uc cb d(nutrl#

Cius snvics kâgí í qulds aioents kiccn dblu d(irbhâcbsol#

3'ius nddics vibr eblctût qu(í ìral kl vibr kls jârâsbls pnrtiut

[lrtuddblc `bcbt jârâtbqul#

[iutl dn pjbdisipjbl$ cius [nvics vu$ c(âtnbt piur dub

qu(jârâsbl# Onbs dn audturl pri`ncl$ sius tiutls sls ìrols$ âtnbt

dihâl í dn oçol lcslbhcl# A(lst í pripis kls splatnadls qul

[lrtuddblc dub `bt sic priaês# Ic snbt qulddl pdnal bds tlcnblct

kncs dn vbl nctbqul$ kict bds âtnblct dl pdnbsbr i``bablddlolct

aicsnarâ# Nussb dl snarb`bal kl al pdnbsbr pnrnbssnbt tlddlolct

kur qu(ic guhlnbt aiurnoolct qul alux qub s(y râsbhcnblct

viudnblct sl rlckrl dl onrtyrl pdus `nabdl$ lc rltrncajnct kl dlur

vbl tiut al qub `nbsnbt dn vbl kbhcl k(çtrl vâaul *5"# Onbs k(nutrls

cl piuvnblct s(y râsbhclr lt ajlrajnblct kls lxausls# A(lst alux/

dí qul [lrtuddblc ondoêcl$ dlur rnppldnct nvla jnutlur dls lchn/

hlolcts kl dlur enptçol *1"$ lt alttl triuednctl pnridl qu(ic cl

plut slrvbr klux onãtrls *;"# ûl dls pdnbsbrs ku abrqul siblct plu

ajrâtblcs$ bd c(n pns kl plbcl í dl kâoictrlr# Loitbics trip

ìrtls$ qub cius kbsputlct í d(Lsprbt Qnbct lt kict bd lst gn/

*b" Kf Euiiur6$ ALhdbsa lt d(lopbrl rionbc$ t# B$ p# >55#

*5" [Fc[DDDbbaC$ Kl splatnabkbb6$ B#

*1" dbD$ ;#

*;" Bk#$ 50#



>>0 DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

diux*d"$ âoitbics ondsnbcls$ lt qub cius ìct kls åolskl eiur/

rlnux# >> cius sloedl oIol qu(bd löt pu sl oçdlr í alttl kâoics/trntbic kl [lrtuddblc pdus kl pbtbâ piur dls vbatbols *5"# Onbs dn

pbtbâ c(lst pns sic `nbt# Nussb cl `nbt/bd lctrl dl abrqul qub

lxpdibtl citrl `âriabtâ lt dl tjâåtrl qub vbt kl @bopukbabtâ

nuaucl kb``ârlcal k(bc`nobl# D(bkâl qul d(nrt purb`bl tiut lst

eblc dibc kl [lrtuddblc# « Al qub cl kibt pns çtrl `nbt cl kibt

pns çtrl kbt cb rlprâslctâ *1"# ¶ D(nrt lst ajisl câhdbhlnedl piur

dub# Al c(lst pns nsslz kbrl7 bd lst ucl ìrol kl dn aicaupbs/

alcal *;"# Lt piur lxtbrplr kls aőurs ajrâtblcs dl audtl pnélc kl

dn elnutâ$ [lrtuddblc s(najnrcl ondbabluslolct í kâoictrlr qul

Gâsus/Ajrbst âtnbt dnbk *<"#

[iutl rnbsic kbspnrnãt kês dirs kl aicslrvlr piur dn dbttârn/

turl pri`ncl ucl pbâtâ snarbdêhl$ lt [lrtuddblc d(lcvldippl tiut

lctbêrl nvla dn dbttârnturl krnontbqul kncs uc oâprbs qu(bd cl

onrajnckl pns# Lddl lst ìdbl klvnct Kblu$ kbt/bd *0"# ûl sb d(ic

siutblct qul dl oickl sncs elnutâ slrn vbkl kl gibl piur dl

ajrâtblc$ [lrtuddblc âcuoêrl dls gibls bclxpdirâls qul dn pis/

slssbic kl dn vârbtâ lt qul dn râaicabdbntbic kl sic åol nvla

Kblu dub `lrn kâaiuvrbr# Lt bd ngiutlrn$ al qub lst nussb k(ucl

psyajidihbl bcaiccul kls ncablcs$ sbcic plut çtrl k(Âpbaurl$

qu(ucl vidictâ suprçol cnãt ku kâknbc kl tiutl viduptâ *8"#

Lc`bc dl ajrbstbncbsol n kl quib sntbs`nbrl oçol dls nontlurs

*>" [@#c[bDDbLx$ Kl spaatnabb\s$ ><#

*5" Pibab dn _"jrnsl dn pdus âoul qul cius nyics rlcaictrâl 7 « Eicuolst auo pucbuctur ciaactls# ûbs jia cbsb cialcs clhnebt 9 Lt tnbclc

bccialcs kl suppdbabi ndtlrbus dn(tnrb cic pidlst$ auo onhbs aicbpltnt

bccialctb kidlrl quik jioi pnr lgus tno cialcs d(natus lst$ ut tno arukl/

dbtlr boplckntur# ¶ Bk#$ >2#

*1" Bk#$ >:# ûik bc `nati rlgbabtur$ ltbno bc kbati cic lst rlabpbklckuo#

*;" [lrtuddblc$ Kl bkiD$ 2#

*e" [lrtuddblc$ Kl anrcl Ajrbstb$ 2#

*0" [lrtuddblc$ Kl splatnaudbs$ >:# Qbc lt kiatrbcno sőaudnrbs dbttlrn/

tura[$ ut studtbtbaH npuk Kluo klputntno$ nsplrcnour###

*8" Gk#$52#



\C BC[UNCQBHLNC[ 7 [LU[\D\LC# >>8

kl splatnadls# A(lst dl splatnadl ku Guhlolct klrcblrqul

[irtuddblc klonckl qul cis bonhbcntbics âviqulct# Ic y

lctlckrn kls trnhâkblcs kicclr kl dn vibx piur lxprbolr

dlurs priprls siu``rncals# Ic y vlrrn dls ddnools najlvlr kl

kbssiukrl dls pdus kbssidus$ dls aiajlrs lopirtâs kncs ucl riul

kl `lu# Lt citrl nutlur aictbcul$ nvla pdus k(lopirtlolct qul

kl hiöt$ alttl klsarbptbic iò dl `lu giul dl prbcabpnd rûdl#

Qbchudblr ajrbstbncbsol$ lt qub slrn alplcknct aldub kls saudp/

tlurs lt kls plbctrls prbobtb`s# Kl al hiöt kl d(jirrlur uc nrt

cnãtrn#

Dl trnbtâ Kl d(Bkidåtrbl lst aiool dn subtl ku trnbtâ Kls

Qplatnadls# \c kls hrbl`s kl [lrtu\blc aictrl dls tjâåtrls âtnblct

qu(bds sict câs ku audtl kl Pâcus lt kl Enaajus *>"# Bd piur/

ajnssl kl oçol d(bkidåtrbl pnrtiut iu lddl pâcêtrl$ nprês nvibr

pisâ al prbcabpl)bul aldub qub s(lc rlck aiupnedl lst ku oçol

aiup jiobabkl lt nkudtêrl# Anr bd sl tul dub/oçol lt bd vbidl dn

vârbtâ *5"# Onbs aioolct cl pibct s(lc rlckrl aiupnedl9 D(bki/

dåtrbl lst dl pbrl kls arbols lt dl pdus aioouc# Dls ajrâtblcs

ku o® sbêadl sict oçdâs í dn siabâtâ kl dlur tlops$ bds lxlralct

kls oâtblrs$ kls ìcatbics puedbquls6 bds pnrdlct dn dnchul

aiooucl$ sl aicìrolct nux usnhls$ nu aârâoicbnd# Ir tiut aldn

lst boprâhcâ kl pnhncbsol$ lt d(ic lst í ajnqul jlurl pnélc

ondhrâ sib# Onbs$ piur élrtuddblc$ bd cl su``bt pns qul d(bkidåtrbl

cl sibt pns kncs cis aőurs$ sb lddl lst kncs cis pnridls lt kncs cis

natbics# Lt vibdí kl ciuvlnu tiut al qub tiuajl í d(nrt pnélc lxadu

kl dn vbl ajrâtblccl$ lt$ aiool ic cl aicèibt pns lcairl uc

nutrl nrt qul d(nrt pnélc$ d(iuvrblr ajrâtblc sl aictlctlrn kl

`nbrl kls nroibrls lt kls onrobtls *1"# Ic kibt rlcicalr í pdnbrl

nux jiools lt í Kblu tiut í dn ìbs *;"# Ic cl plut slrvbr klux

*>" [lrtuddblc$ Kl splatnaudbs$ >=#

*5" [lrtuddblc$ Kl bkiD$ B#

*1")k#$2$ O#

*;" O#$ b7b#



>>: DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L

onãtrls$ râpêdl [lrduddblc *>"# ‛ Onbs bd `nut eblc vbvrl$ ieglatl

uc pnuvrl kbnedl kl ajrâtblc$ í qub [lrduddblc ûtl nbcsb sic

hnhcl/pnbc# ‛ Jlurlux dls pnuvrls. n kbt dl Qlbhclur$ râpick

dl tlrrbedl jiool *5"# Aldub qub n dn `ib cl arnbct pns dn `nbo#

Lctrl dls oâtblrs prisarbts lst aldub kl pri`lsslur kl elddls/

dlttrls# Anr bd `nbt vbvrl alux qub d(lxlralct lc plrpâtuld aictnat

nvla d(bkidåtrbl# Anr bd dlbbr `nbt k(uc sloednct nu oibcs kl

ariyncal nux `nedls qu(bds lcslbhclct$ lt kl d(ieslrvncal kls

`ûtls qub sict piur dlurs jicirnbrls kls âajâncals k( usnhl$nutnct kl câalssbtâs pri`lssbicclddls# ‛ Gudblc bctlrkbrn nussb

nux ajrâtblcs$ onbs piur k(nutrls rnbsics k(lcslbhclr dn dbttâ/

rnturl#

Ic kbstbchul k(irkbcnbrl kncs dls âarbts kl [lrduddblc alux

qub nppnrtblcclct í dn pârbikl irtjikixl lt alux qub nppnr/

tblcclct í dn pârbikl oictncbstl kl sn vbl# Bcaictlstnedlolct

lt%$ pnr lxlopdl$ sur dn qulstbic sb aictrivlrsâl ndirs kls

slaickls cials$ sic rbhirbsol vn aribssnct *1"# Onbs a(âtnblct

sls prbcabpls qub d(lctrnãcnblct$ lt ic plut siutlcbr qu(bd `ut kl

tiut tlops uc slatntlur kl Oictnc lc pubssncal$ aiool

kbslct dls pjbdisipjls# Pibdí kica uc jiool qul sic lxaês kl

zêdl slrt ond lt qul rlck jârâtbqul dn plur kl dl klvlcbr# Ir

rblc cl priuvl oblux qulddl sidbknrbtâ lxbstnbt lctrl dn audturl

nctbqul lt dl eic slcs ajrâtblc qul kl aicstntlr lctrl dls ipb/

cbics dbttârnbrls kl [lrduddblc lt sls ipbcbics oirndls aiooluc dblc cnturld# Qn jnbcl kl d(nrt nctbqul c(n k(âhndl qul sn

jnbcl kl dn cnturl lddl/oçol# Bd prisarbt dls slaickls cials$

s(bd c(isl prisarbrl dls prlobêrls$ lt bd isl ku oibcs siujnbtlr

qu(lddls siblct stârbdls# Dl Qlbhclur c(n/t/bd pns kbt7 « Ondjlur

nu slbc qub n aicèu lt nux onolddls qub ict ciurrb . ¶ Ic

*>" [lrtuddblc$ KlbkiD$ >5#

*5" Bab#

*1" Pibr alttl hrnkntbic ku trnbtâ Nk uxirlbc nux trnbtâ9 Kl lxjirtntbic

anstbtntbs$ lt Kl oicihnobn#



\C BC[UNCQBHLNC[ 7 [LU[\DDBLC# >>2

c nurn qul `nbrl k(lc`ncts nu giur ku Guhlolct *>"# « >> `lrn

elnu vibr kls slbcs enddncts$ kls cnusâls k(naaiuajâl$ kls

obiajls qub ernbddlct sl oçdlr í dn vlcul ku Guhl lt nux sics

kl dn trioplttl# Ij . dls eiccls snhls/`lools qul dls eiur/

rlnux kl d(Nctâajrbst *5"# ¶ Kica pdus kl `nobddl$ onbs kls glöcls$

kls nestbclcals$ lt dn rlajlrajl pnssbiccâl ku onrtyrl# Oiurbr

kncs sic dbt lst uc ondjlur$ sb al c(lst ucl dåajltâ *1"# Alttl

oirndl sncs juoncbtâ lst ucl oirndl sncs pbtbâ lt sncs

pnrkic# [lrtuddblc rl`usl í d(Lhdbsl dl kribt kl pnrkicclralrtnbcls `nutls# Lt$ aiool lddl dls pnrkiccl$ bd dn trnbtl

kl anvlrcl k(nkudtêrls lt kl pristbtuâls *;"# Anr dls bctlo/

pârncals kl dnchnhl sict dls sludls qul [lrtuddblc cl râpriuvl

pibct#

Alplcknct dl pdus bctrncsbhlnct kls jiools cl plut pns çtrl

gusqu(nu eiut aicsâqulct nvla dub/oçol# [lrtuddblc nvnbt oâkbt

kl dn pjbdisipjbl$ ltbd

yn ucl pjbdisipjbl kl [lrtuddblc# A(lst qu(bd

dub âtnbt ondnbsâ kl kâ`lckrl sls ariyncals aictrl sls cioerlux

nkvlrsnbrls$ pnélcs iu hcistbquls$ sncs dls aioolctlr$ sncs dls

bctlrprâtlr$ sncs pjbdisipjlr lc uc oit# Onbs bd c(lst oûol pns

bopissbedl kl triuvlr kncs dn pjbdisipjbl kl [lrtuddblc dn trnal

kl als pjbdisipjbls nctbquls piur dlsqulddls bd c(n pns nsslz kl

oâprbs# Al hrnck aictloptlur kl tiut slctbolct cnturld `nbt

nussb í dn cnturl ucl pdnal k(jicclur kncs al qu(ic plut nppl/

dlr sic systêol# A(lst Kblu lc l``lt qub cius pnrdl pnr lddl6

d(åol lst d(âdêvl$ dn cnturl lst d(bcstbtutrbal# Kblu lst d(bcstbtu/

tlur kl alttl bcstbtutrbal *Q"# Lt bd y n nbcsb ucl râvâdntbic prb/

obtbvl$ rlèul pnr d(åol aiool ucl kit$ nctârblurl nux pri/

*>" [lrtdddblc$ Nk uxiric$ >$ tg6 Kl axfirt# anst#$ H#

*5" [lrtuddblc$ Kl oicihnobn$ >0#

*1" Pibr Kl `bbhn#

*;"[lrtuddblc$

Klpukbabtbn$ >#

{%"" [lrtuddblc$ Kl tlst$ ncbbcx$ <# Onhbstrn cnturn$ ncbon kbsabpudn#

^bbbaqubk nut bddn lkiaut$ nut bstn pirkbkbabt$ n Kli Brnkbduo lst$ onhbstri

sabdbalt bpsbus onhbsdr#b(#



>5= DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

pjktbls *>"$ lt qub aicstbtul ucl sirtl kl ajrbstbncbsol cnturld

lt ucbvlrsld *5"# ‛ Adâolct k(Ndlxnckrbl c(n pns kbt nutrl ajisl#

Onbs bd aicadunbt qul Qiarntl$ pnr lxlopdl$ nvnbt aictrbeuâ í

alttl râvâdntbic# A(lst piur dls plrsiccls lt dls cios priprls

qul [lrtcddblc lst surtiut bopbtiynedl# ‛ Ql kiutl/t/bd qul

alttl aic`bncal `bdbndl kncs ucl cnturl qub lxprbol Kblu$ lt

kict dn rnbsic juonbcl lst uc rl`dlt$ dub vblct lc kribtl dbhcl ku

stiéabsol 9 Bd n ucl bkâl eblc stiéablccl lcairl kl d(irkrl ucb/

vlrsld# Bd `nbt rlonrqulr qul dl oit hrla qub kâsbhcl dl oicklsbhcb`bl irkrl lt elnutâ$ al qub lst ic cl plut pdus pnélc *1"#

Lt Ubttlr ieslrvl qu(bd kâkubt pnrìbs dn gustbal kbvbcl cic kl

dn câalssbtâ k(ucl sncatbic$ onbs kl alddl k(ucl râpnrntbic

pdutût lstjâtbqul# Dls oâajncts sict pucbs lc vlrtu kl dn

oûol dib qub `nbt suaaâklr dl giur í dn cubt$ lt piur râtnedbr dl

eld âqubdberl kl dn arântbic *;"# Ir dl ajrbstbncbsol lt oçol dn

pjbdisipjbl oiklrcl sl ìct kl dn gustbal ucl bkâl pdus lxadu/

sbvlolct oirndl#

Kl oçol alt nkvlrsnbrl kl dn rjâtirbqul ùt uc rjâtlur# Bd

d(nvnbt âtâ$ lt uc kl sls prloblrs iuvrnhls$ uc dbvrl aictrl dl

onrbnhl$ lst$ cius kbt snbct Gârûol *<"$ âarbt lc stydl kl rjâ/

tlur$ a(lst/í/kbrl tiut rlopdb kl dblux aiooucs# Bd dl rlstn tiutl

sn vbl$ lt$ gusqul kncs sls bcvlatbvls dls pdus pnssbiccâls$ dl

stydbstl oictrl siuvlct dl eiut kl d(irlbddl# Kâadnol/t/bd aictrl

dn tibdlttl kls `lools *0"$ ic vibt qu(bd sl pdnãt kncs dn klsarbp/

tbic$ lc oçol tlops qu(bd y `nbt prluvl k(ucl aiopâtlcal qub

rlckrnbt tiut nutrl susplat# Cius nvics vu qu(bd bctlrkbsnbt nux

*>" [lrtuddblc$ NkbF Onra$ B$ >=# Nctl ncbon quncb pripdbltbn# Ncbonã

lcbo nprboirkbiaicsablcdbn Klb kis lst#

*5" [lrtuddblc$ NpiD$ >8# [lsdboicbuo ncbota cnturndbtlr adbrbstbncnb#

*1" [lutdddblc$ NpiD$ >86 Nkv# Onra$ B$ >1 6 Nt)v# Jlr¶6#$ ;=#

*;"Pibr Ub[[LU$ Jbstibrl kl dn pjbdisipjbl ajrâtblccl$ Brnk# `rncènbsl$ t# B$

p# 1<0#

*<" Qnbct Gârûol$ Nkv# Givbc#$ >#

*0" [lrtuddblc$ Kl audtu `őobcnruo#



\C BC[UNCQBHLNC[ 7 [LU[\DDBLC# >5>

ajrâtblcs k(ûtrl |1ri`lsslurs# Onbs bd cl dlur bctlrkbt pns k(çtrl

âdêvls# Al c(lst pns dn oûol ajisl# Dl pri`lsslur lst alcsâ

aribrl í al qu(bd lcslbhcl *d"$ a(lst/í/kbrl í dn oytjidihbl#

D(âdêvl lc prlck lt lc dnbssl# ]ubs bd iuedblrn *5"# Dls ajrâtblcs

c(ict kica qul dl kribt k(çtrl onuvnbs âdêvls# [iut aldn lst

pdlbc k(bcaicsâqulcals# [lrtu\blc c(isl pns gltlr pnr/klssus

eirk d(âkuantbic adnssbqul$ c(nynct rblc í olttrl í dn pdnal# Bd

lc vlut lt c(lc vlut pns# Onbs aribt/bd$ s(bd y n vrnbolct pârbd

oirnd í lcslbhclr$ qul dls lc`ncts qub vict í d(âaidl$ qul ku

oibcs alux qub dls y lcviblct iu qub aicslbddlct kl dls y lcviylr

c(lcaiurlct nuaucl rlspicsnebdbtâ$ qul tbrlr pri`bt kl dn `nutl

k(nutrub cl sibt pns s(lc `nbrl dl aiopdbal$ lt qu(ic pubssl nbcsb

sncs rloirks nbklr dls hlcs í sl knoclr9 Bd y n dí uc sarupudl

qu(ic s(âticcl kl cl pns triuvlr ajlz [lrtu\blc$ qub lc n tnct#

Onbs vibab tiut uc trnbtâ$ lt qub lst alplcknct kl dn klrcbêrl

pnrtbl kl snvbl$

qu(bd sloedl nvibr âarbt piur priuvlr qul dl

rjâtlur cl `nbsnbt ajlz dub qul sioolbddlr *1"# >> nvnbt qubttâ

dn tihl$ dl vçtlolct rionbc$ vçtlolct ìrt bcaiooikl$ onbs

kncs dls pdbs kuquld sloednblct ddittlr tnct kl siuvlcbrs hdi/

rblux$ lt qub âtnbt aiool uc loedêol cntbicnd$ piur dl onc/

tlnu hrla$ dl pnddbuo# Dl pnddbuo âtnbt aiool dl `ria k(uc

tlops iò bd c(y nvnbt pns lcairl kl oibcls$ í priprlolct

pnrdlr$ onbs kls nsaêtls$ iu aiool ic kbsnbt$ kls aictbclcts#

Bd nvnbt slrvb nux pjbdisipjls hrlas$ í als aycbquls qub ùrlct

dls vrnbs ncaçtrls kl cis `rêrls prçajlurs lt olckbncts# Bd lst

plrobs kl aribrl qu(bd âtnbt quldqulìbs ond pirtâ# Lc dl rlvç/

tnct tiutlìbs$ [lrtu\blc lctlcknbt kâadnrlr nu oickl qu(bd

rlcicènbt í dub# A(âtnbt ucl `nèic kl `nbrl pri`lssbic# Alt

jiool âtnbt pnrnkixnd gusqul kncs sls natbics# Hiool bd cl

*>" [lrtuddbfc$ KlbkiD$ >=#

*5" [LU[\DDbLCgKl tlst # ncbonl$ B#

*1" Pibr d(âdâhnctl lt aicadunctl kbsslrtntbic kl O# Eibssblr$ dn @bc ku

pnhncbsol$ dbv# ddd$ aj# b#



b55 DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

oncqunbt pns k(lcclobs$ bds snbsbrlct alttl iaansbic kl s(âhnylr

ò sls kâplcs# Lt dub aâkn í dn tlctntbic kl olttrl dls elnuxlsprbts ku tlops kl sic aûtâ$ lc dlur slrvnct uc oiralnu kl

dlur hiöt# Bd cl s(nhbssnbt pns k(ucl qulstbic kl ìb$ lt bd dub

sloedn qu(bd piuvnbt$ sncs sl kicclr í dub/oçol uc kâolctb$

qu(bd klvnbt plut/çtrl lopdiylr ucl nutrl oncbêrl kl kbsautlr

qul kncs PNpidihbl# Bd sl siuvbct kica qu(bd nvnbt âtâ uc

erbddnct âdêvl kls rjâtlurs$ O# Eibssblr n lxaaddlolct kâoictrâ

qul dls priaâkâs kl kâvldipplolct kict usl élrtuddblc kncs al

pltbt trnbtâ sict dls priaâkâs adnssbquls kl dn rjâtirbqul k(ndirs#

« Lj eblc$ iub. g(nb ajnchâ kâvitlolct# Onbs qu(lst/al qub cl

ajnchl pns bab/ens 9 ¶ Qubtndirs uc dbluaioouc sur dlstrncsìr/

ontbics kls ajisls# Dl aistuol kls jiools lc pnrtbaudblr n

sueb eblc kls vnrbntbics# Lt dirsqul [lrtu\blc nrrbvl í al onc/

tlnu qul dls pjbdisipjls ict pirtâ$ piur lc `nbrl d(âdihl$ bd `nbt

d(âdihl kls pjbdisipjls lux/oçols 6 al qub lst hrnvl kl sn pnrt$

lt al qub priuvl gusqu(í quld pibct$ kncs dls kbsaiurs kls

jiools$ dn ìrol lctrnãcl dl ìck# ]nrdnct lc rjâtlur$ élrtud/

dblc plcsl lc rjâtlur# Lt dl trnbtâ Ku Onctlnu n elnu c(çtrl

kncs sn vbl qu(uc naabklct$ lt aiool dl râsudtnt k(ucl hnhlurl$

bd slrt í olttrl lc âvbklcal alttl onrqul bckâdâebdl kl dn audturl

nctbqul oçol sur alux qub dl prlcnblct kl pdus jnut nvla lddl#

Ic piurrnbt kica ajlrajlr pdus k(ucl ajbancl í [lrtu\blc$

lt piusslr d(brrâvârlcal gusqu(í dl aioptlr nu cioerl kls prâ/

aurslurs kl d(nddbncal$ qu(bd râpriuvl$ lctrl dn trnkbtbic oirndl

lt bctlddlatulddl qub `bcbt lt alddl qub aioolcal# Al c(lst pns í

al tbtrl qul cius dub nvics `nbt ucl pdnal kncs citrl âtukl#

Onbs bd bopirtnbt kl aiccnãtrl dn tnatbqul ippisâl í alddl qub

vn d(lopirtlr kncs dl anop kls âarbvnbcs abbrâtblus$ lt kict

cius pnssics lc rlvul dls pdus bddustrls rlprâslctncts#

[lrtu\blc lst k(nbddlurs$

ku oibcs kncsdn dbttârnturl$ uc ans

prlsqul bsidâ$ lt aiool uc ajl` sncs sidknts# ûldqul ajisl kl

sic lsprbt pâcêtrl tiutlìbs ajlz prlsqul tius dls ]êrls dntbcs$ y



\C BC[UNCQBHLNC[ 7 [FU[\DDBLC# >51

aioprbs snbct Noeribsl# Ic plut lc iutrl rnttnabblr pdus kbrla/

tlolct í sicbcbdulcal klux N`rbanbcs aiool dub$ snbct Hyprblc

lt Nrciel# Qnbct Hyprblc d(nppldnbt sic onãtrl *>" lt `nbsnbt kl

sls őuvrls kls dbvrls kl ajlvlt# Bd lc n bobtâ quldquls/ucls *5"#

Bd siutlcnbt$ dub nussb$ cic sncs quldqul íprlti$ al kihol qul

jirs kl @Âhbbsl bd u(y n pns kl sndut *1"# Onbs a(lst uc kbsabpdl$

lt dls nrklurs ku onãtrl nrrbvlct ídub nttâcuâls# Dls bobtntbics

oçol *gu(bd `bt kl [lrtu\blc slrvlct í `nbrl rlssirtbr lctrl dl

oikêdl lt dn aipbl dls kb``ârlcals kl oncbêrl lt kl tic# ]ubs$ al

qub tâoibhcl k(uc alrtnbc âadlatbsol$ kncs uc kls iuvrnhls iu bd

bobtl [lrtu\blc$ kncs dl Kl Bkidiruo vncbtntl$ bd bobtl nussb

Obcuabus @âdbx$ dlquld nvnbt bobtâ Hbaârhc# ‛ ûnctn Nrciel$

bd n âarbt alttl pjrnsl 7 « ûnck bd s(nhbt kl ajisls sncs istlc/

tntbic$ bd `nut rlhnrklr dl ìck lt cic dn hråal kl dn ìrol 6 bd

cl `nut pibct sl prâiaauplr kl al qub lst oâdikbl piur d(irlbddl$

onbs kl d(utbdbtâ kls nukbtlurs 6 dn vârbtâ oâprbsl dl `nrk *;"# ¶

Onbs sn dnchul í dub lst tiutl pnélccl# Onbs bd ajlrajl kls ncn/

dihbls lctrl dl ajrbstbncbsol lt dn pjbdisipjbl pdnticbablccl

piur dls `nbrl slrvbr í dn kâ`lcsl ku ajrbstbncbsol *<"$ al qub

lst k(ucl oâtjikl npidihâtbqul ìrt tbobkl# Lc`bc kncs al

pnélc klvlcu tnrkbvlolct ajrâtblc bd rlstl tnct kl pnhncbsol

qul cius triuvlrbics pnrìbs sn pidâobqul trip aiopdnbsnctl#

Cius cius âdibhcics kica kl pdus lc pdus kls pisbtbics prbsls

pnr [lrtu\blc# Qnbct Gârûol rnppirtl qul Dnatncal ùt d(âdêvl

k(Nrciel *0"# Ir Dnatncal lst kl tius dls âarbvnbcs ajrâtblcs$

cius dl vlrrics$ aldub qub suebt nvla dl oibcs kl `nussl jictl$

d(bc`dulcal kls onãtrls adnssbquls lt lc pnrtbaudblr kl Abaâric#

*>" Qnbct #BbbUÒOb7$ Kl vbr# bddusdr#$ i1#

*5" TibrscrbicbTl KljnOtuvbrhb8buo$aVTtbKleici pntblcdbx kasnTcdART"rblc#

*1" Qnbct *Syb(fbfc$ Kl ucbtntl laadlsbő#

*;" Pibr LbGFU[$ )ia# abt#$ *trnk# `rncènbsl"$ B# B$ p# Qb.$

*i" Nfcieb7$ Nkv# bbntbiclS$ bd$ B (f

*0" Qnbct Gfrû#ol$ Kl vbr# bddusdr#$ := 6 Lp#$ BNT$ Nk Onhcuo#



>5; DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

BP

]rluvls kbvlrsls kl d(nddbncal kl dn audturl adnssbqul

lt ku ajrbstbncbsol#

Al qub sl pnssl kncs dn dbttârnturl c(lst qu(uc ans pnrtbaudblr

k(uc pjâcioêcl pdus hâcârnd$ qub ùt dub/oûol dn oncb`lstntbic

k(ucl dib jbstirbqul qu(ucl lxpârblcal k(jblr n rlckul prâslctlí cis lsprbts# Dls pdus hrnckls râvidutbics pnsslct nu/klssus kl

alrtnbcs usnhls$ aiool kl alrtnbcs riunhls siabnux$ sncs dls

oikb`blr cb dls nttlbckrl# Nprês nvibr âobs dn prâtlctbic kl

tiuajlr í tiut lt kl tiut rlciuvldlr$ dn Uâvidutbic `rncènbsl

trnbtn nvla pdus k(uc prâguhâ lt$ piur onbctl bcstbtutbic$ sl aic/

tlctn kl d(nvibr kâonrquâl # Lddl lctrn kncs dls oőurs lc s(y pdbnct$

lt al ùt piur lddl uc oiylc kl d(lopirtlr sur dls hrnckls ajisls

qul kl aâklr sur dls pltbtls # Nbcsb$ nprês dl prloblr irnhl$ al qu(ic

ariynbt oirt rlpnrut lc pnrtbl$ lt dl pnssâ `bt$ pnr uc rltiur

i``lcsb`$ sn erêajl kncs dl prâslct# Ic löt kl oçol ìrt surprbs

dls prloblrs ajrâtblcs lc dlur prâkbsnct al qul dl ajrbstbncbsol

lc vblckrnbt í naalptlr piur sblc$ aiool nussb qulddls hlcs$

lt vbvnct kl qulddl oncbêrl$ nurnblct pdus tnrk dl kribt kl

s(nppldlr ajrâtblcs# D(âkbt kl Obdnc lt dls l`ìrts diynux kls

suaalsslurs kl Aicstnctbc piur `nbrl vbvrl lc pnbx dls klux

audtls râpnckbrlct uc lsprbt kl tidârncal qub nbkn í als lopructs

lt í als nknptntbics kict cius viudics pnrdlr#

Qb dn jnutl siabâtâ rionbcl n kncs dl snch sn pnssbic piur dl

pnrdlr âdâhnct lddls pibctls kls rjâtlurs$ dn pipudnal klvlcul

ajrâtblccl aictbcul k(nbolr dls `çtls k(uc noiur tiut pnélc#

Lddl n ajnchâ kl Kblu pdus `nabdlolct qu(lddl cl ajnchlrnbt sn

`nèic í lddl kl `çtlr dn kbvbcbtâ$ pdus `nabdlolct oçol qu(lddl

cl ajnchlrnbt kl giur piur sls `çtls# Qius d(âpbsaipnt oçol

k(Noeribsl$ lt ondhrâ sic nutirbtâ sb rlsplatâl$ dls `bkêdls kl



]UL\PLQ KBPLUQLQ#### >5e

Obdnc sl gibhcnblct nux pnélcs piur aâdâerlr dls andlckls kl

gncvblr$ qub âtnblct lddls/oçols uc siuvlcbr kls ncablccls

Qnturcndls# Lt bd oictn lc ajnbrl piur `dâtrbr alttl pri`ncntbic

lt alttl sirtl kl aictrlslcs oirnd# Onbs dls andlckls kl gncvblr

klvnblct çtrl pdus ìrtls qul snbct Noeribsl lt qul dn dihbqul#

Kncs sn râìrol ku andlckrblr pnélc$ [jâikisl kut dls aicslr/

vlr aiool giurs `ârbâs# ]lu s(lc `nddut oçol qul quldqul aic/

ùsbic cl s(âtnedãt lctrl alttl vblbddl `çtl tlcnal lt dn glucl `çtl

kl Ciæd *>"#Lt vibdí

aioolct cius cius triuvics ajnqulnccâl `çtlr Qnturcl sncs dl snvibr# Dl pdus siuvlct$ lt dirsqu(bd

s(nhbssnbt k(ucl aiooâoirntbicoibcs bopirtnctl qul alddl kl dn

cnbssncal ku Qnuvlur$ dn `çtl ajrâtblccl sl suestbtunbt tiut

eicclolct í dn `çtl pnélccl *5"# Kl oçol dls snbcts kl dn ciu/

vlddl rldbhbic prlcclct dn pdnal ‛ lt dls tlopdls ‛ kls kblux

kl d(ncablccl# \c jbstirblc laadâsbnstbqul ku aioolcalolct

kuvS sbêadl `bt aiool dntjâirbl kl als trncs`lrts 7 « Dl Qlbhclur$

kbt [jâikirlt$ n ajnssâ dls kblux kl dlur tlopdl$ lt obs í dlur

pdnal sls priprls oirts lc `nbsnct rlpirtlr sur lux tius dls

jicclurs rlckus í als kblux# Nu Jlu kls ]nckbls$ kls Kbnsbls$

kls Kbicysbls lt kls nutrls `çtls$ bd y n onbctlcnct dls giurs

iò ic aâdêerl alddl kl snbct ]blrrl$ kl snbct ]nud$ kl snbct

[jions$ kl snbct Qlrhl$ kl snbct Onrald lt k(nutrls onrtyrs# ¶

Dl prloblr nrt ajrâtblc sirtbt$ pnr uc prialssus aiopnrnedl$

kl d(nrt pnélc lt obt quldqul tlops í s(lc kâhnhlr piur triuvlr

sls ìrols priprls# D(jbstibrl aiool dn cnturl cl `nbt pibct kl

snuts# Lt aldn lst vrnb kl d(jbstibrl kls syoeidls lt kls bkâls#

« \c nrt cl s(boprivbsl pns *1"# ¶ Cic qu(bd `nbddl rlùslr nu

ajrbstbncbsol tiutl spictncâbtâ lt tiutl `âaickbtâ nrtbstbquls#

ûldquls ucs ict piussâ í d(lxaês dn tjêsl qul cius prâslctics#

*>" Pibr dÃLb[#CI[$ Jbstibrl kl dn klstruatbic ku pnhncbsol$ B# B$ p# 1:5/1:7D

*5" Kndr$ d(Âhdbsl ajcStblccl ku aioolcalolct ku bvS sbêadl gusqu(í dn `bc

ku vb%$ p# 58;#

*1" Unidd/Uiajlttl#



>50 DL ABdUdQ[BNCBQOdb7 L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

Ic n iutrâ dls rnppriajlolcts lt$ kncs dn aribx lddl/oçol$ ic

n ajlrajâ kls loedêols lc usnhl ajlz dls Lhyptblcs piur

kâsbhclr dls âdâolcts *>"# Ic n kl oçol viudu vibr kncs dl typl

ku Eic ]nstlur dn rlprikuatbic kl d(Jlroês Arbipjirl *5"$

kncs tius dls Ajrbsts kls Npiddic$ kncs dls Qnbct ]blrrl kls

Jlraudl# Al sict dí lxpdbantbics eblc dneirblusls kl aicalptbics

nrtbstbquls ìrt sbopdls# Onbs$ piur k(nutrls syoeidls pdus aio/

pdbquâs$ d(lopruct lst oibcs aictlstnedl# Irpjâl lctrnãcnct

dls ncbonux nu sic kl sn dyrl lst klvlcu dl Ajrbst ajnrolurk(íols# Nbcsb ucl bonhl nrtbstbqul `nobdbêrl rlvçt sncs trip kl

plbcl uc slcs ciuvlnu# Dl cboel lctiurl dn tçtl ku Ajrbst lt

kls snbcts nprês nvibr lctiurâ alddl kls `nux kblux lt oûol alddl

kls loplrlurs *1"# Dirsqu(bd cl s(nhbssnbt pns kl dn rlprâslctn/

tbic kl dn kbvbcbtâ$ dls sarupudls âtnblct lcairl oibckrls# \c

`bkêdl aioonckl/t/bd uc snraipjnhl piur sn tioel$ bd ajibsbt$

lctrl dls oitb`s kl kâairntbic dls pdus usbtâs$ alux qub pluvlct$

nvla uc plu kl eiccl vidictâ$ s(bctlrprâtlr kncs uc slcs

ajrâtblc# Alrtnbcls bcsarbptbics kl ]jryhbl$ tnctût pnélccls$

tnctût ajrâtblccls$ prâslctlct bckbstbcatlolct dls oûols

bonhls *;"# Lst/bd tâoârnbrl kl plcslr qu(lctrl dls vbvncts

râhcnbt dn oûol aicùsbic qu(lctrl dls oirts$ lt qul sls `nèics

kl pnrdlr$ lt oûol kl plcslr$ c(nurnblct pns tiugiurs su``b

cic pdus í kâsbhclr uc ajrâtblc9 ûib qu(bd lc sibt$ al qub sl

pnssn kncs dl kionbcl kl d(nrt lst d(bonhl kl qub sl pnssn

kncs dl kionbcl kls dlttrls lt kl dn oirndl# Dls ìrols

dbttârnbrls sl trncsobrlct aiool dls nutrls$ lt nvla lddls dls

bkâls# Ublc cl snurnbt$ oblux qul dn sboudtncâbtâ kl als klux

*>" AbNO]bO$ Jbstibrl kls âkb`bals snarâs aicstrubts pnr Aicstnctbc#

*5" Uniud/Uiabblttl#

*1" Pibr Nddnrk$ Uiol siutlrrnbcl$ p# 5:5#*;" PibrPb[L[$ Giurcnd kls snvncts$ k:HH6 Enylt$ Ulajlrajls piur slrvbr í

Pjbstibrl kl dn plbcturl$ p# >1$ 58$ 1= 6 ad Jbstibrl kl Pnrt$ p# > >5 6 *Bribsslt$ dls

Qnraipjurgls ajrâtblcs#



• 5: DL AJJBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

ab6 qub priuvl ku oibcs qu(bd oncbl dbnbkbolcd sn dnchul lt

c(lst pns uc bobdndlur slrvbdl# Dl pdus siuvlct tiutlìbs bd

bobtl oçol dl stydl$ lt al sict dls Hâirhbquls lt PÂcâbkl qu(bd

bobtl# Alddl kiuedl `bkâdbtâ í dn vârbtâ rldbhblusl piur dl ìck$ í

Pbrhbdl piur dn ìrol$ `lrn k(nbddlurs sic suaaês prês kls juon/

cbstls ki dn Ulcnbssncal$ kict lddl aictlctlrn dl kiuedl bcstbcat#

Lddl dl `lrn oblux qul cl d(löt `nbt d(irbhbcndbtâ kl sls bkâls iu

kl sic dnchnhl#

Nutiur kl d(őuvrl kl Guvlcaus$ bd `nut hriuplr pdusblursnknptntbics kl dn Ebedl$ nknptntbics pdus bckâplcknctls ku

tlxtl$ anr uc ajrâtblc lc usl pdus dberlolct nvla dn Ebedl qu(nvla

d(Lvnchbdl# A(lst dí d(irbhbcl kl tiutl ucl trnkbtbic dbttârnbrl í

dnqulddl ic kibt dls piêols ku [nssl$ kl Obddic lt klFdipsdiaf#

D(ucl kl als nknptntbics$ PJbstibrl kl QikiolS s(bcspbrl k(Ivbkl

pdutût qul kl Pbrhbdl$ pnral qu(bd s(nhbt k(ucl oâtnoirpjisl$ lt

lddl ippisl dn oâtnoirpjisl kl dn `lool kl Ditj í alddl qul

rnaictl dl piêtl$ aiool dn vârbtâ í dn `nedl# ‛ \c nutrl kl als

pnstbajls lst ucl tlctntbvl piur rnaictlr tiutl d(jbstibrl snbctl$

klpubs dl kâduhl gusqu(í d(Nsalcsbic$ nvla kls vlrs kl Pbrhbdl$

prbs kl aûtâ lt k(nutrl$ lt obs eiut í eiut *d"# Aldn `nbt uc râabt

aiupâ lt bcbctlddbhbedl piur qub cl aiccnãtrnbt pns k(nvncal dls

`nbts kict bd s(nhbt# A(lst ucl sârbl k(nddusbics lt kl râeus í

klvbclr# Onbs sb cius ngiutics qul d(nutlur lst ucl `lool qub

nppnrtlcnbt í d(bddustrl `nobddl kls ]rieus$ iò `râqulctnbt

Noeribsl$ cius snurics kl qulddl suplrstbtbic d(nctbqubtâ âtnbt

d(ieglt kncs dl obdblu iò sl pnssn dn gluclssl ku ùtur âviqul#

Lc`bc vibab uc piêol kict ic cl snurnbt kbrl sb d(nutlur lst

pnélc iu ajrâtblc$ quibqu(bd cius nppnrnbssl pdlbc kl pbâtâ# Onbs

bd y nvnbt lcairl kls pnélcs ìrt kâvits# A(lst dl oytjl ku ]jâcbx

qu(bd rnaictl$ oytjl qub$ nvla kl dâhêrls oikb`bantbics$ ùt

nkiptâ pnr dl ajrbstbncbsol$ lt klvbct dl syoeidl kl dbooir/

*>" A(lst dl Alcti Pbrhbdbncus kl ]rien @ndaicbn#



]UL\PLQ KBPLUQLQ#### >52

tndbtâ# Qb al pltbt piêol âtnbt sörlolct ajradblc$ bd tâoibhcl/

rnbt lxalddloolct kl dn onrajl pnrnddêdl subvbl pnr d(nrt lt dn

dbttârnturl ajrâtblccl# Anr d(ibslnu olrvlbddlux nppldâ dl pjâcbx$

aiool dl pndoblr qub pirtl dl oûolcio$ lt nuquld ic nttrbeul dn

oircl ìral kl râsurrlatbic$ slrvnbt kncs dls antnaioels klpblux

loedêol *>"# Onbs [bckâabsbic sur dn rldbhbic kl d(nutlur c(lst/

lddl pns í lddl sludl âtrnchl lt sbhcb`bantbvl9 ‛ ]iur ucl őuvrl

k ucl kntl eblc pistârblurl$ lt piur ucl őuvrl oirndl$ al qub

rlck dn ajisl lcairl pdus pbqunctl$ dl oçol kiutl lxbstl#D(nutlur kl dn Aicsidntbic$ Eiæal$ lst/bd ajrâtblc$ lst/bd pnélc9

Qb a(lst uc ajrâtblc$ aioolct klonckl/t/bd kls aicsidntbics í dn

pjbdisipjbl lt cic nu Ajrbst9 Lt alplcknct bd lst vrnbsloednedl

qul a(lst uc ajrâtblc *5"# ûlddl olbddlurl prluvl kl alttl

ailxbstlcal kl klux âkuantbics$ d(âkuantbic rldbhblusl lt d(âku/

antbic adnssbqul$ lt aiool kl klux åols kncs ucl åol9 Ajlz

snbct Noeribsl d(ucl slrn sueirkiccâl í d(nutrl 6 ajlz

snbct Gârûol lddls duttlrict kiudiurluslolct6 ajlz Eiæal lddls

vbvlct aûtl í aûtl sncs sl aicìckrl#

Lctrl tius dls nutlurs ajrâtblcs nctârblurs í snbct Noeribsl

*dls sluds kict cius viudbics cius iaauplr piur dl oiolct"$

aldub qub dub rlssloedl dl pdus lst snbct Jbdnbrl# Aiool

Noeribsl$ Jbdnbrl lst uc piêtl lc oçol tlops qu(uc prisntlur$

lt sls piêols ùrlct kls jyocls# Aiool Noeribsl$ bd âtnbt kl

hrnckl cnbssncal$ aiool dub bd ùt âviqul# [ius klux duttêrlct

aictrl d(nrbncbsol lt aictrl kls aiurs nrblccls# [ius klux

ùrlct kls kbsabpdls k(Irbhêcl *1"$ lt bctrikubsbrlct kncs dn dbttâ/

rnturl dntbcl dls lxpdbantbics nddâhirbquls qub klvnblct kicclr

sn ìrol irbhbcndl í d(bonhbcntbic ku oiylc åhl$ arâlr uc nrt

lt ucl piâsbl# Alt bkândbsol bctlopârnct lst kl tius dls âdâolcts

*>" Pibr Nb#b#Tuc# Gir# abd#$ p# #1=5#

*5" Pibr cibssbFbb$ Giurcnd tbas snvncts$ >::=#

*1" Dl Aioolcdnbrl sur snbct Ontjblu kl snbct tbbdnbrl lst bobtâ kl aldub

k(Irbhêcl#

\cbvljsbtâ ul Dyic# ‛ PBBB# N# 2



>1= DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

kl dlur plcsâl aldub qub lst dl gãBus âtrnchlr í dn trnkbtbic

adnssbqul 6 anr$ qunck eblc oçol ]dbbdic löt bobtâ alttl oâtjikl

k(bctlrprâtntbic kls stiéablcs$ al c(lst pns ku stiéabsol$ onbs

kl ]jbdic$ lt sbchudbêrlolct kâvldippâl$ qu(lddl vbct nu ajrbs/

tbncbsol# Lctrl snbct Bdbdnbrl lt snbct Noeribsl$ bd y n tiutlìbs

ucl bopirtnctl kbtdarlcal# Qnbct Noeribsl lst câ ajrâtblc$

snbct Jbdnbrl nppnrtblct í alttl lspêal oirndl k(jiools qub

ùrlct piur dl ajrbstbncbsol kl sb utbdls kâ`lcslurs$ lt qul dn

pjbdisipjbl nvnbt nolcâs í dn ìb# Alttl âvidutbic cnturlddl klsic lsprbt dnbssn ajlz dub$ aiool ajlz snbct Gustbc$ uc rlaic/

cnbssnct siuvlcbr piur tiut al qub d(nvnbt prâpnrâl# Bd cl riopt

kica pns nvla sic pnssâ lt c(lc n pns jictl# Bd ùt dl prloblr

pjbdisipjl ajrâtblc lc dntbc# Ic d(n nppldâ d(Ntjncnsl kl

d(Iaabklct# Bd ùt lc oçol tlops dl tjâirbablc lt d(npidihbstl

kl dn rjâtirbqul nppdbquâl í dn kâ`lcsl kl dn ìb# Q(bd n kls prâ/

tlctbics í d(âdâhncal$ s(bd bobtl ûbctbdblc *>"$ al c(lst pns slu/

dlolct pnr jnebtukl iu pnr tnatbqul pblusl$ piur aicvnbcarl dls

hlcs kl sic oickl lt kl sic âkuantbic6 a(lst í Kblu qu(bd vlut

pdnbrl$ lt a(lst Kblu qub klonckl í alux qub pnrdlct lc sic

cio$ kl pnrdlr nu oibcs kl dlur oblux# Aldub qub râkbhl dls

rlsarbts k(uc rib y olt tiut sic sibc lt tiut sic tndlct$ lt d(ic

nccicalrnbt dn pnridl kl Kblu kncs uc dnchnhl vudhnbrl lt sncs

rlsplat piur al qu(bd lxprbol. Nvla snbct Jbdnbrl$ dn rlajlrajl

ajlz uc âarbvnbc iu ajlz uc irntlur ajrâtblc$ dibc k(çtrl snarb/

dêhl$ klvblct kica ucl onrqul k(âhnrks lt ucl ìrol kl dn

pbâtâ *5"# Cius c(nvics pns n``nbrl$ ic dl vibt$ í uc adnssbqul

jictlux lt bd cl s(nhbt pdus piur dn rjâtirbqul kl abraicstncals

nttâcunctls# Qnbct Noeribsl$ qub slrn pdus âdiqulct qul

snbct Jbdnbrl$ c(nurn pns al audtl kl d(âdiqulcal#

*>" K(nprês snbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ DZZZBBB6 Nk Onhcuo#

*5" Qnbct Jbdnbrl$ Kl [rbcbtntl$ >6 [rnat$ bc ]+# Zddb#

B



>15 DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

al ajrbstbncbsol qu(bd nebbirrl$ í sic systêol kl prâkbantbic$ í

sic irhncbsntbic kl dn eblc`nbsncal$ jioonhl bcvidictnbrl

k(uc lcclob í alux qub âtnblct nddâs nu/klvnct kl tnct kl elsibcs

ontârblds lt oirnux#

Onbs ic y triuvl surtiut tribs ajisls 7 dl audtl kl dn cnturl$

ku pnssâ lt kls dlttrls# Gudblc n kbvbcbsâ dl sidlbd$ « al rib aioouc

kl tius dls çtrls$ ¶ lt bd aicsnarn tribs cubts í aiopislr uc

kbsaiurs lc sic jicclur *>"# A(lst uc nkirntlur kl tiutls dls

ìrals lt kl tiutls dls spdlcklurs kl dn cnturl qu(bd rlpriajl

í dn rldbhbic ciuvlddl$ tiutl oirndl lt tiut bctârblurl$ k(bhcirlr#

‛ Al qul Gudblc rlpriajl lcairl í alttl rldbhbic ciuvlddl$ a(lst

k(çtrl ciuvlddl# Bd n dn suplrstbtbic kl d(nctbqubtâ# Als lxprls/

sbics 7 dls oőurs$ dls dibs$ dls kblux kl cis pêrls *5" rlvblcclct

sncs alssl sius sn pduol# « Kblu lst âtlrcld$ kbt/bd$ lt bd aicvblct

qul al qu(bd n âtnedb sibt âtlrcld *1"# ¶ Pibdí dn pidbtbqul aicslr/

vntrbal kâkubtl kl d(booutnebdbtâ kbvbcl# Gislpj kl Onbstrlc(bcvlctlrn rblc kl pdus ìrt# Nussb dn râvidutbic naaiopdbl pnr

Gudblc prâtlck/lddl c(çtrl qu(ucl rlstnurntbic# Lt bd rlstnurl

nvla tnct kl rnhl qul plu s(lc `nut qul alt loplrlur cl sl

`nssl râpuedbanbc *;"#

Onbs al qub [n aickubt í al audtl ku pnssâ$ a(lst dl audtl dbt/

târnbrl qu(bd n rlsslctb piur dub# Qn pidbtbqul lst ucl pidbtbqul

kl rjâtlur# A(lst Dbencbus qub lc ùt dl prloblr aicslbddlr$ lt

pdus tnrk bd put kbrl í sic âdêvl 7 « A(lst dn rjâtirbqul qub vius

n rnolcâ nu rlsplat kls kblux *<"# ¶ Lddl lst lc l``lt$ kl tiut dl

pnssâ$ al qub n dl oblux survâau$ lt a(lst nvla al qub klolurl

kl vbl lc lddl qu(lddl lssnyl k(lc rncbolr dls rlstls# D(nkobrn/

tbic kls nutlurs ncablcs sl ajnchl kica lc kâvitbic# Dls piêols

*>" Gudblc$ Irntbi PBB$ p# 5516 BP$ p# ><8 *âkbtbic kl Qpncjlbo$ >020"#

*5" Gudblc$ Obsipihic$ p# 1056 Irntbi BBB$ p# >>;6 P$ p# ><2# [n [rn[pãn éût"$

8ãn[pãiv¶s viniu6$ xö rn[iãw Ilö¶#

*1" Ayrbddl$ Aictrn Gud#$ ;#

*;" Gudblc$ Obsipihic$ p# 1;1#

*<" DbENO\s$ ]rispjic#



\CL KLUCBÊUL ]UL\PL 7 D(ÂKB[ KL G\DBLC# >11

brbdioêrl$k(BBksbikl pnsslct nu rnch kl dbvrls snbcts$ kl Ebedls

qul [ic ippisl í dn Ebedl# Dl slctbolct qu(bcspbrlct kl sb vblbddls

hdibrls c(n pns kl plbcl lc l``lt í rlvçtbr ucl ìrol pblusl$ sur/

tiut ajlz kls hlcs kict dn pbâtâ c(n pns k(nutrl ieglt# D(irbhb/

cndbtâ lt dn tâoârbtâ kl Gudblc ùt kl kloncklr í alttl pbâtâ dbt/

târnbrl ucl sêvl qu(lddl cl pissâknbt pibct$ lt kl viudibr ìcklr

ucl rldbhbic nvla kls rlhrlts# D(jlddâcbsol ùt dl cio kl alttl

rldbhbic# ûnct í alddl qu(bd vlut kâtrubrl$ bd sl aribt três plr`bkl

lc d(nppldnct dl hndbdâbsol# Lt sic kiuedl irhulbd$ cntbicnd lt

dbttârnbrl$ sl aiopdnãt kncs d(ippisbtbic kl als klux cios$ d(uc

qub râsuol ucl tlddl jbstibrl$ d(nutrl qub lst d(nvlu k(ucl sb

juoedl irbhbcl# Onbs d(nvlcbr$ quib qu(nbt plcsâ Gudblc$ c(nppnr/

tblct pns kl kribt í alux kict tius dls tbtrls sict kncs dl pnssâ#‛Nprês dls quldquls elnux giurs qu(bd kut í Gudblc$ dl pnhncbsol

cl klvnbt pdus lctrlvibr d(lspârncal qul sius dl rêhcl ku rjâ/

tlur Luhêcl# Olttrl uc rjâtlur sur dl trûcl ùt lc l``lt dn klr/

cbêrl rlssiural k(uc pnrtb kict dls rjâtlurs âtnblct dl pdus

sidbkl nppub# Alttl rââkbtbic kl dn tlctntbvl kl Gudblc najêvl k(lc

onrqulr dl anrnatêrl#

Ic aioprlck kês dirs nvla qulddl gndiusbl lt qulddl nchibssl

dls pnélcs klvnblct vibr dls ajrâtblcs s(bcbtblr í al audtl kl d(nc/

tbqubtâ qu(bds viudnblct lxpdibtlr aiool uc oicipidl$ lt ku

oçol aiup dlur ûtlr dlur klrcbêrl rnbsic k(çtrl# « >> cl `nut

pns$ kbt Gudblc$ qu(ic cius plral kl cis priprls `dêajls$ qu(ic

s(nrol kl cis âSbSbts piur cius `nbrl dn hulrrl *>"# ¶ D(âkbt pnr

dl*buad bd bctlrkbt nux ajrâtblcs k(lcslbhclr dn rjâtirbqul nvnbt

piur eut kl ìralr ajnauc í rlstlr ajlz sib lt í vbvrl kl sic

eblc# Nux pnélcs Jioêrl$ Jâsbikl$ Kâoistjêcl$ [juaykbkl$

Qiarntl# ûl dls Hndbdâlcs nbddlct aioolctlr kncs dlur âhdbsl

Ontjblu lt Dua# Ir$ piur al pnélc aicvnbcau$ bd c(y n pns k(âku/

antbic lc kljirs kl alddl qul d(nctbqubtâ plut kicclr# « Lddl

*>" Np# [jfikirft$ Jbnt# laa)#$ BBB$ >Q#



>1; DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

sludl npprlck dl aiurnhl$ dn snhlssl lt dn vlrtu# Bd aioptl

kica eblc râkubrl alux qu(bd lc sêvrl í dn kbslttl bctlddlatulddl

lt oirndl# « Al qub lst dl pdus surprlcnct$ ngiutl O# Eibssblr$

a(lst qu(nu ìck dls ajrâtblcs plcsnblct aiool dub *>"# ¶ Bds

slctbrlct nu vb` alttl plrsâautbic ondbablusl lt lc hnrkêrlct

rncaucl í Gudblc# Qnbct Hrâhibrl rlvlckbqul jnutlolct alttl

qundbtâ k(bdlddacl qub$ piur dub$ c(lst pns bcaiopntbedl nvla alddl

kl ajrâtblc *5"# Lt pdus tnrk snbct Noeribsl ieglatlrn nux pritls/

tntbics kl Qyoonqul lc `nvlur kl dn tidârncal al siuvlcbr

lcairl vbvnct lt aruld piur dls ajrâtblcs kl dibs « qub viudnblct

dls lopçajlr kl pnrdlr lt k(bcstrubrl ¶#

Nbcsb a(lst uc pnélc$ lt kncs d(bctârçt kl sn anusl$ qub rlprlck

aictrl d(nddbncal kl dn audturl adnssbqul lt ku ajrbstbncbsol dn

anopnhcl qu(uc sbêadl nupnrnvnct$ lt kncs uc bctârçt ippisâ$

[lrtuddblc nvnbt sb vbhiurluslolct olcâl# Lt bd lst tiut í `nbt

pbqunct kl rltriuvlr kncs dn eiuajl kl d(loplrlur dls nrhu/olcts ku trbeuc ajrâtblc# Dub nussb rlùsl kl kbstbchulr kncs

dls âarbts kl d(nctbqubtâ dl ìck lt dn ìrol$ lt bd rlpriajl nux

rjâtlurs qub$ cl ariynct pns nux kblux k(Jioêrl$ aictbculct í

aâdâerlr Jioêrl dlur bcaicsâqulcal lt dlur jypiarbsbl# ‛ Onbs$

lctrl alttl bctrncsbhlncal pnélccl lt d(bctrncsbhlncal ajrâ/

tblccl$ ucl trnkbtbic s(âtnbt ìroâl$ dnrhl lt aicabdbnctl$ ibb

triuvnblct pdnal$ nvla dn ìb ciuvlddl$ tiutls dls hdibrls lt tiutls

dls naqubsbtbics oirndls qub `nbsnblct kâsironbs pnrtbl ku pntrb/

oibcl bcndtârnedl kl d(juoncbtâ# Bd cius `nut onbctlcnct râtrâabr

citrl ajnop k(âtukl$ lt vibr qulddl ùt$ sur dn dbttârnturl ajrâ/

tblccl$ d(bc`dulcal k(uc pnélc lctrl tius$ kl Abaâric#

*>" Eibssblr$ dn @bc ku pnhncbsol$ t# B$ p# > >5#

*5" Qnbct Hrâhibrl$ Aictrn Gud#$ d$ >=8#



AJN]B[UL BP

DL ABALUICBNCBQOL N\ BPS QBLADL ddT

]iurquib Abaâric n lu kls bobtntlurs pnrob dls ajrâtblcs#

Ic plut sl kloncklr qulddls rnbsics ict nttbrâ í Abaâric dls

syopntjbls pdus iu oibcs nviuâls kls âarbvnbcs ajrâtblcs$ lt

`nbt kl dub dlur oikêdl prâ`ârâ# ‛ Ic râpickrnbt k(neirk qu(bds

c(nvnblct huêrl dl ajibx# Abaâric lt Qâcêqul sict í lux klux

tiutl dn pjbdisipjbl dntbcl$ lt Qâcêqul lut nussb sn adblctêdl

ajrâtblccl$ surtiut í pnrtbr ku giur iò dls ajrâtblcs arurlct

piuvibr dl prlckrl piur uc kls dlurs# Onbs$ pdus qul Qâcêqul$

Abaâric prâslctnbt kncs sls iuvrnhls aiool uc râsuoâ í pibct

kl dn pjbdisipjbl nctbqul piur kls hlcs qub sl siuabnblct plu

kl rlaiurbr nuxirbhbcnux lt

klkbstbchulr lctrl dls kiatrbcls#

]iur lux dl pnssâ `ironbt uc tiut$ uc edia# Ir Abaâric nvnbt

âtâ gustlolct uc âadlatbqul$ lt rlprâslctnbt d(lsprbt oiylc kls

onãtrls kbvlrs kict bd nvnbt rlèu d(lcslbhclolct# \c plcslur

ib/bhbcnd nurnbt oibcs eblc `nbt d(n``nbrl kls dlatlurs ajrâtblcs

qub$ lc dbsnct Abaâric$ `nbsnblct ku oçol aiup tnct k(nutrls

aiccnbssncals# Abaâric$ qub viudnbt npprlckrl í sls aictlopi/

rnbcs dn pjbdisipjbl hrlaqul$ sl triuvn kica d(npprlckrl sur/

*>" Cius cl pnrdlrics sius al tbtrl qul kls abaâricbacs qub sict lc oçoltlops kls ajrâtblcs$ quibqu(bd cl sibt pns sncs bctârçt kl vibr pnélcs lt

ajrâtblcs bobtlr í d(lcvb *dbaâric$ lt sl dl kbsputlr# Onbs bd `nut cius eirclr#



>10 DL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L#

tiut nux hâcârntbics ajrâtblccls qub subvbrlct# Nprês nvibr

elnuaiup bobtâ$ bd âtnbt kncs sn klstbcâl k(çtrl bobtâ í sic tiur

lt kl slrvbr kl trnbt k(ucbic lctrl kls onãtrls iuedbâs lt kls

âdêvls nuxqulds als onãtrls c(nvnblct pibct plcsâ# \c pjbdi/

sipjl kl pri`lssbic nurnbt lxabtâ pdus kl kâ`bncal# Qn anrrbêrl

pidbtbqul k(jiccçtl jiool âtnbt piur sn pjbdisipjbl ucl rlaio/

onckntbic$ surtiut prês kls hlcs qul dls jârbtblrs k(Nuhustl

plrsâautnblct#Qic

hrnck tndlct k(irntlur lt k(âarbvnbc slrvnbt í

sls bkâls$ lc nttlcknct qu(bd cl dlur `bt tirt kncs citrl ipbcbic

í cius$ qub cl plrolttics pdus nux pjbdisipjls kl sb eblc pnrdlr#

Bd nvnbt vâau í dn pdus elddl âpiqul kl dn dnchul dntbcl$ kl sirtl

qul dl dntbc kl Abaâric klvnbt çtrl piur dls adnssbquls kl d(nvl/

cbr dl vrnb$ dl slud dntbc# Nvla dub ic npprlcnbt dn rjâtirbqul

lc oçol tlops qul dn pjbdisipjbl# A(âtnbt uc onãtrl í pdu/

sblurs `bcs# Ic triuvnbt kncs sls âarbts tiut al qu(ic tlcnbt í

snvibr kl d(nctbqubtâ# Bds âtnblct kls onculds kl jnutl audturl#

Ngiutics qul Abaâric$ âtnct Uionbc$ lst kâgí ajrâtblc pnr

pdus k(uc trnbt# Bd y n uc naairk slarlt kl plcsâl lctrl dub lt

alux qub d(bobtlct$ sur kls pibcts lsslctblds# Nttbaus rnaictl

qu(uc priaicsud rionbc râucbt tius dls pjbdisipjls qub âtnblct

í Ntjêcls lt dls sioon kl sl olttrl k(naairk$ priolttnct kl

aicsnarlr i``bablddlolct alt naairk *>"# Al priaicsud sloedl

nvibr lu d(bkâl kls aicabdls lt kls kihols qub sirtlct kl dlurs

kâabsbics# Kl oçol Abaâric vlut ìralr í s(lctlckrl Nrbstitl

lt dls stiéablcs$ lt s(iestbcl í cl vibr kncs dlurs kbsslctbolcts

qul kls qulrlddls kl oits# ûnct í dn pjbdisipjbl k(Lpbaurl$

alt jiool kiux lt pnab`bqul$ dn olcnal ku erns sâaudblr *5"#

A(lst qu(ucl ajisl bopirtl nu/klssus kl tiut piur dub$ aiool

piur d(Lhdbsl rionbcl$ dn oirndl# Dls nrhutbls kls Hrlas dl

dnbsslct nu ìck nsslz bckbdãârlct# Bd olt quldqul aiqulttlrbl ídls lxpislr$ lt í `nbrl nuprês kl sls aictlopirnbcs d(jiool

*>" AbaÂFIC$ Kl dlhbeus$ B$ 5=#

*5" Abaâric$ Kl `bcbeus$ BB$ >=#



]I\U^\IB ABAÂUIC N L\ KLQ BOB[N[L\UQ# >18

qub lst nu aiurnct kls ajisls# Onbs a(lst qunck bd s(nhbt klsprbcabpls kl d(irkrl siabnd lt oirnd qu(bd sl oictrl vrnbolct lt

pnrdl lc sic cio#

Lt alttl oirndl abaâricblccl c(âtnbt pns piur kâpdnbrl í kls

ajrâtblcs qub cl s(brrbtnblct pns lcairl$ onbs sl râgiubssnblct

kl triuvlr í dlur lcslbhclolct kls nctâaâklcts# Nu bv½ sbêadl

sludlolct dls sarupudls vblckrict$ lt snbct Noeribsl dl prlckrn

kl jnut nvla sic oikêdl# Nu bbb% sbêadl ic lst tiut í dn gibl kl

dn rlcaictrl lt kl d(naairk qul d(ic aicstntl# Cl pnrdics pns

lc l``lt ku Kl I``babbs kict cius pnrdlrics dichulolct# Onbs

d(nutlur kls [bbsabkncls$ onbs d(nutlur kl dn Uâpuedbqul âtnbt

dub nussb$ aiool Rbrhbdl$ uc prâaurslur6 lt dn oirndl hrlaqul$

lc pnssnct pnr sn eiuajl$ prlcnbt kâgí alt naalct kl hrnvbtâ

rionbcl$ lt aiool kl pbâtâ$ qul dls sbêadls subvncts najêvl/

rict$ cius d(nvics oictrâ$ kl dub kicclr$ A(lst snbct Nuhustbc

qub vnctl d(nustârbtâ kl als dbvrls Kl dn Uâpuedbqul qul cius

nvics plrkus *>"# Dls [usaudncls rl`dêtlct ucl kiual oâdnc/

aidbl$ ucl trbstlssl kl vbvrl qub lst dn prâ`nal irkbcnbrl kl

d(nsaâtbsol lt k(uc rlaiurs nu surcnturld# Bd y lst kâgí qulstbic

kl als nsaêtls kl d(Bckl *5" kict dl stiéabsol `lrnbt jictl í kls

stiéablcs$ lt kict dls âoudls klvnblct pdus tnrk plupdlr dls

oicnstêrls kl d(Iaabklct# ]ubs$ aiool dn siu``rncal npplddl í

sn subtl d(lspârncal$ al oâaictlctlolct kl dn vbl neiutbt íd(nttlctl k(ucl nutrl vbl# Ajlz Hbaâric cius triuvics$ í al suglt$

kls n``brontbics pdus aic`bnctls qul alddls oûols kl Onra/

Nurêdl lt k(Âpbatêtl *1"# Lddls c(ict pns lu dlur pdnal$ bd lst

vrnb$ kncs sic trnbtâ Kls KlvibrsS onbs kncs sic trnbtâ Kl dn

PblbddlsslS iò lddls vblcclct í pripis rnssârâclr sls klrcbêrls

nccâls$ lt surtiut aicsidlr sic aőur pntlrcld tiugiurs lcki/

dirb# Qn `ib lst oibcs ucl kiatrbcl qu(uc elsibc kl sic åol#

*>" Qnbct Ndhbstbc$ Lp#$ TPT#

*5" *Hbaâric$ [usaudncls$ P$ bd#

*1" AbaÂUIC$ Kl slcakudl$ d.3/51#



>1: DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ BP% QBÊADL#

^uib qu(bd lc sibt$ al sict als ariyncals iu als loeryics kl

ariyncals qub `lrict bonhbclr í Aicstnctbc qul Abakric$ aioolPbrhbdl$ slarêtlolct âadnbrâ pnr dls prâkbatbics kl dn sbeyddl

Lrytjrâl$ nvnbt aiccu k(nvncal dn vlcul ku Ajrbst$ lt s(âtnbt

aicvlrtb í dub nvnct qu(bd cl `öt câ#

\cl klrcbêrl rnbsic rlcknbt Abaâric syopntjbqul nux

ajrâtblcs# Bd nvnbt aioenttu dn kbvbcntbic$ kict dn aicaurrlcal

âtnbt pdus í arnbckrl piur dl ajrbstbncbsol qul alddl kl dn

pjbdisipjbl# Bd nvnbt oçol âarbt$ í pripis kl dn tjâidihbl

stiéablccl$ alttl pjrnsl kict ic âtlckrn dl slcs lt dn pirtâl *>"7

« Bd c(y n pns k(bcsncbtâ cb kl rçvl kl ondnkl qu(ic cl triuvl

ajlz uc pjbdisipjl ¶# Qls dbvrls klvbcrlct kica kls râplrtibrls

k(nrhuolcts aictrl dls suplrstbtbics pnélccls# Lt Lusêel *5"

lstbol í sbx alcts dl cioerl k(iuvrnhls kl pidâobqul rldbhblusl

nuxqulds dl trnbtâ Kl dn Kbvbcntbic lt dl trnbtâ Kl dn Cnturl kls

Kblux kiccêrlctcnbssncal(#

Nussbdls

pnélcs prisarbvnblct/bdsals klux trnbtâs qub cl cius sict sncs kiutl pnrvlcus qul pnr

d(bctlroâkbnbrl kls ajrâtblcs# Lc 1=5 Kbiatâtblc dls aicknocl

oçol nu `lu$ al qub priuvl qul$ lctrl tius dls lxlopdls kl

kâdbantlssl oirndl qul cius cius pdnbsics í dub nttrbeulr$ dl

pnhncbsol n kiccâ aldub kl suppdbablr dls dbvrls í kâ`nut kls

nutlurs# Abaâric nvnbt âtâ piur sic tlops uc vidtnbrblc# Bd

âtnbt kica piur dls ajrâtblcs uc nddbâ cnturld# Lt sls iuvrnhls

pjbdisipjbquls eâcâ`babêrlct k(ucl vihul qu(bds c(nvnblct pns

arââl# ]lu npprâabâs$ sloedl/t/bd$ pnr dls oirndbstls kls klux

prloblrs sbêadls$ ku oibcs plu abtâs$ oçol pnr Qâcêqul *1"$

*ic sl klonckl piurquib"$ bds cl klvnblct çtrl obs í dlur vrnbl

pdnal qul pnr dls ]êrls kl d(Lhdbsl# Qbchudbêrl `irtucl piur uc

pjbdisipjl pnélc .

*>"Abaâric$ Kl kbubcn`bicl$ BB$ <:#

*5" Lb(QÂEL$ ]rőplr# Lvnch#$ BP#

*1" BB c(lc lst qulstbic qul kncs dn dlttrl A#



OBC\AB\Q @ÂDBZ# >12

BB

Obcuabus @âdbx#

Obcuabus @âdbx$ dl prloblr âarbvnbc ajrâtblc qul d(ic pubssl

adnsslr pnrob dls abaâricblcs$ lst lxnatlolct dl aictlopirnbc

kl [lrtuddblc# K(nprês Dnatncal*;"$ bddub slrnbt oçol nctârblur#

Kl tiutl `nèic$ a(lst í quldquls nccâls k(bctlrvnddl qul s(n``br/

olct kncs dn dbttârnturl dntbcl dls klux tlckncals ippisâls#

‛ Obcuabus @âdbx lst uc nviant qub pri`btl kls vnancals ku enr/

rlnu piur sl priolclr nu eirk kl dn olr nvla klux nobs$

d(uc Iatnvbus$ ajrâtblc aiool dub$ d(nutrl pnélc$ A`labdbus#

Djistbdbtâ k(uc audtl í d(nutrl c(âtnbt kica pns tlddl qu(bd cl

pöt y nvibr kls nobtbâs obxtls$ kl oçol qu(bd y nvnbt kls

onrbnhls obxtls# Aiool al trbi k(nobs pnssnbt prês k(ucl

stntul kl Qârnpbs$ An(abdbus$ sldic d(usnhl pnélc$ dn sndun lc dub

lcviynct uc enbslr# Iatnvbus qub d(n rlonrquâ$ lt qub n uc

tlopârnolct k(npûtrl$ *a(lst dub kâgí qub n aicvlrtb Obcuabus

@âdbx"$ `nbt jictl í al Obcuabus @âdbx kl c(nvibr rblc `nbt í sic

tiur piur aicvlrtbr uc jiool qub vbt prlsqul nvla dub lt dub

lst sb ajlr# AnSabdbus n lctlcku als rlpriajls lt alttlkbsaussbic

kict bd lst anusl# [iut dl pdnbsbr kl sn priolcnkl lc lst håtâ$

gusqu(í al qu(bd sl kâabkl í priviqulr ucl lxpdbantbic# Bd kbrn

dls rnbsics kl sic pnhncbsol plrsbstnct# Iatnvbus dub râpickrn#

Lt Obcuabus @âdbx slrn dl guhl ku tiurcib# Pibdí ucl obsl lc

saêcl tiutl abaâricblccl$ aiool a(lst nussb pnr bobtntbic kl

Abaâric qul dl kbndihul pirtl dl cio ku prbcabpnd bctlrdiautlur$

Iatnvbus# Pibdí nussb kls `nèics eblc aiurtibsls lt eblc nankâ/

obquls piur ucl kbsputl rldbhblusl# Onbs Obcuabus @âdbx tblct

âvbkloolct í priuvlr qul dls ajrâtblcs snvlct çtrl hlcs ku

*>" Dnatncal$ Bcst# kbv#$ P$ >#



>;= DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ BP QBÊADL#

oickl lt siutlcbr ucl aictrivlrsl kncs dls ìrols *>"# Ic dlur

rlpriajnbt sncs kiutl k(irkbcnbrl k(ûtrl pdus nrklcts qul airrlats$

lt alttl nrklur oûol cubsnbt í dlurs nrhuolcts kncs uc oickl

jnebtuk í [atbqulttl kl d(âaidl# A(lst piur dn oçol rnbsic qu(í

dn ò kl ajnqul kbsaiurs dls bctlrdiautlurs sl ìct kls aiopdb/

olcts qub$ kncs ucl kbsaussbic kl alttl hrnvbtâ$ cius sloedlct

í cius prlsqul kâpdnaâs$ lt qub ìct rlssloedlr al kuld kl klux

rldbhbics í uc nssnut eblc irkiccâ#

ûnct nu stydl kl Obcuabus @âdbx$ bd lst `nbt kl pjrnsls klAbaâric$ lt quldqulìbs kl Qâcêqul$ obsls eiut í eiut aiool

kncs ucl aipbl kl aicaiurs hâcârnd iu aiool ajlz uc purbstl

kl dn Ulcnbssncal$‛ nvla pdus k(nbsncal tiutlìbs lt sncs nuaucl

n``latntbic k(nrajnésol# Ic slct qu(bd pnrdl cnturlddlolct dl

dntbc dl pdus âdâhnct lt$ sb dls rnppriajlolcts cl s(bopisnblct$

ic piurrnbt aribrl qu(bd c(bobtl plrsiccl#

Cic sludlolct alplcknct bd bobtl$ lt bd bobtl Abaâric$ onbs

a(lst uc iuvrnhl pnrtbaudblr$ dl Kl Cnturn KliruoS qu(bd n sius

dls ylux$ kict bd rlprikubt d(nrhuolctntbic$ dn ìrol oçol *5"$

nvla ucl tlddl lxnatbtukl qul dl tlxtl kl Abaâric n slrvb nux

âkbtlurs í airrbhlr dls `nutls qub s(âtnblct hdbssâls kncs aldub kl

Obcuabus *1"# Bd c(lst oûol pns bopissbedl qul Obcuabus @âdbx

nbt âtâ aiutuoblr kl als nknptntbics$ lt qu(bd nbt aiopisâ uc Kl

@nti qul cius nurbics plrku *;"# Kncs dl Kl Cnturn KliruoS

Abaâric olt nux prbsls uc âpbaurblc Rlddlbus$ uc stiéablc$

*>" Pibr Iatcvbus$ ;# A`# :#

*5" Pibr surtiut G0$ >:$ >2$ 5>$ 55$ 50$ 58#

*1" Obcuabus @âdbx$ Iatnvbus$ >2 7 Wluxbppuo vbbc cnturndlo$ ncbondlo

qun iocbn rlhnctur$ Klubc cissl# Jluoncc supprbol nvla rnbsic dl « cntu/

rndlo ¶ oit qub lst bcutbdl nu slcs$ qu(uc aipbstl nurn rlprikubt onajb/

cndlolct pnral qu(bd sl triuvl í dn dbhcl prâaâklctl$ oit lc`bc qub lst

neslct ku tlxtl airrlspicknct kl Abaâric 6 anr a(lst dí dl hrnck nrhuolct###

Pbo qunokno kbalcs$ qun iocbnrlhnctur$ lnoqul ncbondlo# Kl Cnturn

Kliruo$ B$ >1#

*;" Obcuabus @fdbx$ Iatnvbus$ 10# Na kl `nti sntbs 7 vld sb pnuanpri tlopêrl$

kbsputnturb ndbns lt uelrbus lt pdlcbus#



OB#C\AB\Q @ÂDBZ# >;>

Endeus$ lt un nankâobablc$ Aittn$ qub rlcvibl kis í kis [âpb/

aurblc lt dl stiéablc$ sl aictlctnct kl kiutlr$ lt nutirbsnct kl

al kiutl sur dl ìck kls ajisls sn `bkâdbtâ nux ncablcs usnhls lt

nux ncablcs kblux# Dl pnélc kl Obcuabus @âdbx$ Aalabdbus$ rlprlck

dn tjêsl lt [nttbkukl kl Aittn *>"$ quibqul nvla ucl bcarâkudbtâ

oibcs `nc`nriccl# Aittn$ a(lst/í/kbrl Abaâric$ nvnbt pricicaâ

als pnridls qub ìct rçvlr$ vlcnct k(uc pictb`l 7 « Bd lst kb``babdl

kl cblr qu(bd y nbt kls kblux$ qunck ic lst lc puedba$ onbs lctrl

nobs qub kbsautlct$ a(lst nutrl ajisl *5" ¶# Aőabdbus vbt í uclâpiqul pdus rldbhblusl$ iò# dn rldbhbic c(lst pdus n``nbrl kl

aicvlctbic i``bablddl$ onbs vrnbolct n``nbrl k(åol# Dn `nèic

kict bd gustb`bl al qub dub rlstl kl ìb c(lc lst qul pdus âtrnchl#

/Citrl rnbsic cl plut cius `nbrl nttlbckrl dn kbvbcbtâ# Qiarntl

c(n/t/bd pns kbt 7 « Al qub lst nu/klssus kl cius cl cius rlhnrkl

pns ¶ 9 Lt$ klpubs$ Nraâsbdns lt Anrcânkl cius ict lcslbhcâ kncs

als jnutls qulstbics dn pruklcal ku kiutl *1"# ‛ Ic vibt í

qulddl âaidl pjbdisipjbqul nppnrtblct citrl pnélc# ‛ Qboicbkl

lc`bc$ bcvbtâ í kbrl al qu(âtnblct dls kblux$ klonckn uc giur kl

râ`dlxbic$ pubs klux lcairl$ pubs tribs *;"$ kbsnct qul pdus bd

nddnbt oibcs bd viynbt adnbr# Dn aicadusbic kl tiut alab lst

qu(bd `nut aribrl nux kblux ku pnhncbsol# Onbs bd c(y n rblc dí$

ondhrâ d(nppnrlcal$ qub rlssloedl í dn trnhbqul ippisbtbic kl

dn rnbsic lt kl dn ìb$ rblc qub rnpplddl dls nrklurs k(uc ]nsand iu

oçol kl cis oiklrcls arbtbabstls# Dn ìrol kl d(nrhuolct lst

*>" Pibr Lelrt$ Unppirt kl [lb(tc\blc í Obcuabus @âdbx$ lt Jbstibrl hâcârndl

kl dn dbttârnturl ku oiylc årga *trnkuatbic `rncènbsl"$ p# 18# Onbs cius triu/

vics al rnppriajlolct nctârblub/lolct bckbquâ kncs dls citls kl Endkubc#

*5" Abaâric# Kl cndurn Kliruo$ d$ 55#

*1"[utn kuebtntbi$ >1#

*;" A(lst nbcsb ku oibcs qul cius aioprlcics al tlxtl 7 ]rboi kâdbeârn/

tbic. kblo pltbbt$ pistrbkbl ebkuuo pririhnvbt$ oix ndtlruo tnctuo nkoi/cbtus nkgucxbt VIatnvbus$ >1"$ *duibqul O# Eibssblr trnkubsl 7 « >> klonckn ucgiur piur y râ`dâajbr$ pubs uc nutrl$ pubs uc tribsbêol# ¶ VDn `bc ku pnhn/

cbsol$ t# >$ p# 1>:#"



>;5 DL ABAÂUICBÅCBQOL N\ BP QBÊADL#

dn oçol$ onbs d(lsprbt kb`dêrl# Bd `nut aribrl$ a(lst/í/kbrl bd `nut

aicslrvlr dls kblux qu(ic n$ pubsqu(ic dls n$ s(lc rnppirtlrnux vblbddls trnkbtbics$ aictbculr sic pltbt trnbc k(ieslrvncals

lt kl pbâtâ$ lt snvibr$ lc `nbt kl rldbhbic$ sl aictlctlr kl plu# ‛Pibdí uc pnélc qub cl sl `nbt pns ku pnhncbsol ucl bkâl trip

jnutl$ lt qub cius pnrnãt oör piur dn aicvlrsbic# C(nddics pns

suppislr alplcknct qul al sibt$ kl dn pnrt kl d(nutlur$ uc nrtb/

`bal kl kbsaussbic$ lt qu(bd nbt viudu sl rlckrl dn râùtntbic `nabdl#

Bd rlprâslctl nvla sbcaârbtâ d(âtnt k(åol kl elnuaiup kl hlcs

qul dls ciuvlnutâs l``rnynblct$ lt qub âpriuvnblct pdus k(âdibhcl/

olct piur dn ìb ciuvlddl qul k(nttnajlolct í d(ncablccl# Ic n

oçol rlonrquâ *>" qul dls ieglatbics nkrlssâls nu ajrbstbncbsol

pnr Hőabdbus c(âtnblct lc rblc kbobcuâls# Obcuabus @âdbx$ qub

âtnbt nviant n obs ucl âvbklctl aiqulttlrbl í pdnbklr kl sic

oblux oçol dn anusl qu(bd aribt onuvnbsl# Lt sic pdnbkiylr

n uc tld nbr kl aicvbatbic qu(ic n pu sl kloncklr s(bd cl d(nvnbt

pns prbs tiut `nbt í quldqul lcclob ku ajrbstbncbsol$ í @rictic

pnr lxlopdl *5"# Pibdí ucl jypitjêsl qub löt râgiub sic noiur/

priprl pri`lssbiccld#

Iatnvbus râpick í Hnãabdbus# Alttl ìbs a(lst ucl nutrl pnrtbl

kl trnbtâ Kl dn Cnturl kls Kblux$ a(lst dl kbsaiurs ku stiéablc

Endeus qul subt prlsqul pns í pns citrl nutlur# Aldn n uc slcs

qub cl klvnbt pns âajnpplr nux dlatlurs pnélcs `nobdblrs nvla

dl kbndihul kl Abaâric# Dl ajrbstbncbsol prlck lc onbc dn

suaalssbic oirndl ku stiéabsol$ lt sloedl tlcbr í s(lc priadnolr

d(jârbtblr# Kl alttl pjbdisipjbl í alttl rldbhbic cius snvics kâgí

qu(bd y nvnbt aiool ucl plctl cnturlddl iò s(lchnhlnbt k(lddl/

oçol d(âdbtl kls lsprbts# Cius snvics lc iutrl onbctlcnct qul

dl ajrbstbncbsol nvnbt aioprbs kl quld aûtâ ku oickl pjbdisi/

pjbqul bd piuvnbt ajlrajlr kls nddbâs lt nttlckrl kls rlaruls# ‛A(lst uc sbhcl kls tlops kl vibr dl ajrâtblc$ kncs dl kbndihul kl

*>" EibssbLU$ Dn `bc ku pnhncbsol$ t# B$ p# 1J#

*5" O# Ulcnc sl rnchl í alttl jypitjêsl#



\; DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ BP' QBÊADL

rbcstruolct kl dn râkloptbic# Bd ajlrajl í dn `irol kl dn aribx

kls ncndihbls jicirnedlskncs

dnstruaturl kls oåts$

kls âtlc/

knrks$ kls tripjâls$ kncs d(nttbtukl lc`bc k(uc jiool lc

prbêrl *>"# ‛ Al qu(bd y n kl pdus âtrnchl$ lt al qub priuvl

aioeblc dl rlsplat juonbc qu(bcspbrnbt al pblux syoeidl âtnbt

uc slctbolct râpncku$ a(lst qul cius nvics triuvâ ajlz snbct

Gustbc dls oçols lxpdbantbics loenrrnssâls# Bd y nvnbt dí piur

uc puedba pdlbc kl prâguhâs ucl `nutl kl hiöt kncs dl ajrbstbn/

cbsol$ lt dls npidihbstls sl dâhunblct$ aiool ucl rlalttl$ uc

nrhuolct kbhcl ku sarupudl nuquld bd râpicknbt# ]nr al qu(lddl

n kl pnrnkixnd$ d(âtrnchltâ kl al pdnbkiylr cius nbkl í aio/

prlckrl dl ajrbstbncbsol kl Obcuabus# Cius cius âticcics

oibcs kl tiut al qul cius cl triuvics pns kncs alttl npidihbl$

lt cius c(nvics pns elsibc kl suppislr$ aiool ic d(n `nbt *5"$

qul Obcuabus nbt âtâ uc ciuvlnu aicvlrtb plu nu aiurnct kl sn

rldbhbic$ iu oçol uc jârâtbqul# Bd prâslctl dn rldbhbic$ kict bd lst

d(âdâhnct npûtrl$ pnr dl aûtâ qub plut nttbrlr alux qub$ piur dls

bkâls aiool piur dl stydl$ vbvlct sur Hbaâric# Iu pdutût bd d(n

pbrbsl dub/oçol kl al aûtâ# Lddl n âtâ piur dub$ aiool piur

snbct Gustbc$ ucl pjbdisipjbl olbddlurl# Lt bd Gub lst sncs kiutl

vlcu í d(lsprbt qul$ sb Abaâric d(löt aiccul$ Hbaâric c(lc `öt pns

rlstâ í sic kiutl nankâobqul# C(lst/al pns lc tiut ans d(bkâl

qul suhhêrl dn aicadusbic kl PIatnvbus rnppriajâl kl alddl ku

Kl Cnturn Klirbbo 9 [nckbs qul Hittn sl râpncknbt lc pnridlsnbonedls piur dl stiéabsol$ onbs cl sl rlcknbt pibct$ H'abdbus

n d(åol bdduobcâl pnr dl stiéabsol rlciuvldâ qu(Iatnvbus dub n

prçajâ# Ir Hnlabdbus a(lst Hittn$ lt Hittn a(lst Hbaâric#

P Iatnvbbbs kbTbP^#Tb kica pu s(nppldlr 7 dn Hicvlrsbic kl Hbaâric#

\c âarbt sb pdlbc kl Hbaâric lst pdus qu(uc najlobclolct

vlrs dl dbvrl kl snbct Noeribsl$ qul cius ajlrajics í lxpdbqulr

pnr sls nctâaâklcts nvnct kl d(âtukblr lc dub/oçol# Bd cl dl

*>" Iabnb/òbs$ 52#

*5" FòJC$ Klr Iatnvbus#



DÅA[NCAL# >;<

prâpnrl pns$ bd dl kâpnssl# Cius viudics kbrl pnr dí qulPIatnvbus tâoibhcl kl pdus kl `lrvlur piur d(nctbqubtâ qul dl

Kl I``babbS$ qul Obcuabus @âdbx$ quibqu(bd bobtl k(ucl `nèic

pdus kbssboudâl lt nvla pdus k(nrt$ iu pdutût piur alttl rnbsic

ngiutâl í eblc k(nutrls$ lst uc abaâricblc pdus najlvâ qul

d(âviqul kl Obdnc# Aldub/ab nppirtlrn kncs sn oncbêrl kl `nbrl

kls râslrvls qul dub kbatlrn sic noiur/priprl kl ajrâtblc# Dl

ajrbstbncbsol nurn prbs ucl aicsablcal pdus clttl lt pdus jnu/

tnbcl kl sic irbhbcndbtâ# Ql slctnct pdus `irt$ bd sl râadnolrn

oibcs bcstnoolct k(ucl trnkbtbic qub$ nprês tiut$ c(lst pns

sblccl# Nvla Obcuabus @âdbx dlpnssâc(lstpnssueb$ onbs bcviquâ$

lt dl ajrbstbncbsol nppnrnãt aiool pdnaâ sius dl pntricnhl kl

Abaâric# Al c(âtnbt pns uc pntric í kâknbhclr$ pubsqu(lc dub tiutl

dn snhlssl nctbqul sl râsuonbt lt sl plrsiccb`bnbt$ lt bd cl `nut

pns siurbrl kl dn pusbddncbobtâ k(lsprbt kl als ajrâtblcs qub

c(nkirlct dl Ajrbst qu(í aickbtbic kl `nbrl kl Abaâric uc kl sls

snbcts# « Kls jiools sur al oikêdl c(nurnblct arââ cb d(Lvnc/

hbdl$ cb d(Npiandysl6 onbs$ râabpriqulolct$ sncs kl tlds nkjâ/

rlcts$ d(Âvnchbdl$ d(Npiandypsl$ dls âpãtrls kl ]nud `usslct rlstâs

dls âarbts slarlts k(ucl slatl `lroâl qub$ aiool dls lssâcblcs

iu dls tjârnplutls$ löt `bcndlolct kbspnru *>" # ¶

BBB

Dnatncal#

Aldub kict cius nddics pnrdlr onbctlcnct n âtâ nppldâ dl

Abaâric ajrâtblc$ tlddlolct bd n âtâ uc bobtntlur jlurlux kl

d(irntlur pnélc# Dnatncal âtnbt uc pri`lsslur kl rjâtirbqul

qu(nttbrn dn pjbdisipjbl$ lt qul dl stiéabsol sncs kiutl aickubsbtnu ajrbstbncbsol# Bd s(nutirbsl$ nu kâeut kl sic prbcabpnd iuvrnhl$

*> $ J`#cnc$ Onra/Nurêdl$ p# ;=5/b=1#

D(cbvljsbtâ eL Dyic# ‛ PddB# N# >=



>;0 DL HBHÂUICBNCBQOL N\ BP%S QBÊADL#

kl d(lxlopdl kl als irntlurs bddustrls kict dls âtukls pjbdisi/

pjbquls ict ciedlolct najlvâ dn vbl *>"# A(lst í Hbaâric qu(bd

plcsl$ lt alttl ncndihbl kl dlurs anrrbêrls dl `dnttl âvbkloolct#

Bd lut pu ngiutlr qul$ aiool Hbaâric$ bd âarbvnbt sur tius dls

suglts$ lt nvla quldqul pridbxbtâ# Cius nvics plrku dn oibtbâ kl

sls iuvrnhls# Bd cl cius rlstl qul d(őuvrl ku Dnatncal ajrâtblc

lt npidihbstl# Dn pdnal qu(y tblct Hbaâric c(lc lst qul pdus

sbhcb`bantbvl# Lddl tâoibhcl k(ucl vârbtnedl ieslssbic#\c pltbt âarbt ìrol ucl trncsbtbic lctrl dls klux vbls kl

Dnatncal$ dn vbl pnélccl lt dn vbl ajrâtblccl# Dl kâeut lt dn `bc

sludlolct bckbqulct qul d(nutlur lst kâgí ajrâtblc# A(lst uc

âarbt pjbdisipjbqul sur dn ]rivbklcal# Dn kâoicstrntbic kl dn

]rivbklcal kbvbcl âtnbt kica dl vlstbeudl kl tiutl npidihbl# Dí

âtnbt dl prloblr nrtbadl kl dn ìb ciuvlddl# Dí âtnbt lc oçoltlops dl pibct kl aictnat lctrl alttl ìb lt dl stiéabsol# Cius

nvics vu uc ncablc stiéablc$ aiool Obcuabus @âdbx$ sl aictlc/

tlr prlsqul kl al kihol$ lt rlstlr aiool sius dl pirajl ku

tlopdl# Qb cius c(nvbics qul alt âarbt kl Dnatncal$ cius dl

rnchlrbics kncs dn oûol antâhirbl k(lsprbts# Bd n rlonrquâ

qu(ic c(n pns gusqu(í dub tbrâ tiut dl pnrtb pissbedl ku splatnadl

qu(i``rl alttl őuvrl ucbqul 7 d(jiool$ piur nkobrlr d(jnebdltâ

kl d(iuvrblr# Hbaâric n bckbquâ al kâvldipplolct kncs dl slaick

dbvrl ku Kl Cnturn Klicbo lt surtiut kncs dl quntrbêol dbvrl

Kl dn Ub(pbbedbqul *5"# Onbs al cl sict qul kls bckbantbics qul

sic âdêvl vlut olttrl í pri`bt# A(lst kica aiool uc suppdâolct

nu trnbtâ Kl dn Uâpuedbqul qu(bd vn âarbrl$ lc s(lxausnct kl al

qul alttl lctrlprbsl n k(nuknablux *1"# Aictbculr lt nopdb`blb/

Hbaâric âtnbt alplcknct lcairl ucl `nèic kl d(jicirlr# Lt alttl

ìbs dl kâvldipplolct lst aiopdlt$ lt bd c(y nurn pdus rblc í y

ngiutlr# Nprês nvibr$ lc eic stiéablc$ aioenttu dbckb``ârlcal

*>" Dnatncaf$ Ebv# bcst#$ >$ >

*5" DTA[NCAL$ Kl ipb`babi Kab$ >#

*1" X#$ >6 A`# 5=#



DNA[NCAL# >;8

sur alttl ontbêrl ad dls câhntbics kls âpbaurblcs$ Dnadncal

s(bcs`âcbl$ nvla tiutl dn suetbdbtâ k(uc Elrcnrkbc kl Qnbct/]blrrl$

í kâaiuvrbr kls dbcs lt kls jnroicbls#

\c trnbt anrnatârbstbqul kl sic lsprbt lt kl sic âkuantbic

âadntl kncs alttl rlajlrajl# Anr ic cl prçtl gnonbs í Kblu qul

dls bctlctbics qul d(ic nurnbt sib/oçol# LtDnatncaa$ `nbsnct í

dn elnutâ ucl pdnal prâpickârnctl pnrob dls `bcs kl dn arântbic$

cius dnbssl vibr kncs sn plcsâl kl adnssbqul bopâcbtlct *>"# Dn

onbc kl d(jiool$ lc pnrtbaudblr$ dub sloedl uc ajl`/k(őuvrlkl hråal$ lt bd lc lxpdbqul$ pnr kls aicsbkârntbics lstjâtbquls

pdutût qu(utbdbtnbrls$ tiutl dn struaturl *5"# Pibdí qub lst pdus

pnélc qul ajrâtblc# Lt al tic pnélc k(uc âarbt ajrâtblc lst

gustlolct al qub cius bctârlssl# Abaâric löt pu sbhclr$ í plu

kl ajisl prês$ d(őuvrl kl sic aictbcuntlur#

Bd `nut pnrdlr tiut nutrlolct ku hrnck oicuolct âdlvâ pnr

Dnatncal í sn ìb ciuvlddl$ kls slpt dbvrls kls Bcstbtubics

kbvbcls# Dl tbtrl lst lopructâ í dn dnchul gurbkbqul kl Uiol$

lt alt lopruct `nbt nu pnssâ c(lst pns dl slud6 onbs al c(lst pns

k(ucl pjbdisipjbl pdus iu oibcs ajrâtblccl$ a(lst k(uc ajrbs/

tbncbsol três prâabs alttl ìbs qu(bd s(nhbt# A(lc lst oçol dn

pdus aiopdêtl lxpisbtbic qub nbt âtâ `nbtl gusqu(bab lc dntbc#

Dnatncal lstbol qul [lrtu\blc n eblc kâ`lcku dn ìb ajrâtblccl

onbs c(n pns kbt lc quib lddl aicsbstnbt *1"$ qul snbct Ayprblc

c(n âarbt qul piur kls aicvnbcaus *;"$ lt qul Obcuabus @âdbx n

trip plu âarbt *i"# ]iur dub bd s(nkrlssl oçol í kls pnélcs$ lt

í alux/dí surtiut qub c(naalptlct qul dls rnbsics âdâhnoolct

lxprboâls# Bd dlur lc ìurcbt aictrl dl pnhncbsol qu(bd râùtl$

pubs piur dl ajrbstbncbsol qu(bd lxpisl# Qic dbvrl lst dn vârbtnedl

*>" Pibr Lelrt$ dia# abt#$ t# d$ p# :<#

*5" Dnatncaf$ B"l ipb`babi Klb$ >=#

*1" DNA[NSAL$ Kbv# bgbst#$ P$ >$ ;#

4;" Bk#

*#égX#$ P$ >#



>;: DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ >P½ QBÊADL#

Qibéucl kls prlobêrls nccâls ku bv% sbêadl# Kls lrrlurs kihontb/

quls hrnvls ict lopûajk Dnatncal k(çtrl trnbtâ lc ]êrl kl

d(Lhdbsl$ lt ict ûtâ kl d(nutirbtâ í siu dbvrl# >> c(n âtâ trnkubt

quucl ìbs lc `rncènbs *>"$ lt ic cl d(âtukbâ pdus nutnct qul$

piur sls qundbtâs dbttârnbrls tiut nu oibcs$ bd oârbtlrnbt kl

d(çtrl# bCius cl piuvics bab qu(bckbqulr kncs quld ankrl k(bkâls

nppnrnbsslct sibt dls bobtntbics kl Abaâric$ sibt dls kbsaussbics

iò Abaâric lst prbs í pnrtbl#

Dnatncal pnrt ku kihol kl dn ]rivbklcal qu(bd prlck aioolkiccâ$ aiool bcaictlstâ# Dls stiéablcs lt Abaâric d(ict su``b/

snoolct kâoictrâ *5" # Pibdí kâgí dls stiéablcs lt Abaâric naalptâs

aiool nuxbdbnbrls lt adnssâs aiool prâaurslurs# Onbs lst/bd

pissbedl k(nkolttrl pdusblurs privbklcals$ a(lst/í/kbrl pdusblurs

kblux9 ‛ Cius vibab k(loedâl bctrikubts kncs dn kbsaussbic ku

pidytjâbsol# Dnatncal bcviqul aictrl dub kls rnbsics pjbdisipjb/

quls lt nussb kls nutirbtâs# ]nr dí c(lctlcklz pns sludlolct dls

pripjêtls jâerlux$ onbs kls âarbvnbcs pnélcs$ vibrl kls piêtls#

Aioolct ndirs dl pnhncbsol lst/bd câ9 Anr bd `nut lxpdbqulr

oçol d(lrrlur# D(lxpdbantbic kl Dnatncal pirtl dn trnal kl klux

tjâirbls ndirs rbvndls# Bd `nbt kls kblux tnctût kls jiools$

tnctût kls kbnedls# Onbs bd rlùsl surtiut í als nctbquls suplrs/

tbtbics dl kribt kl sl râadnolr kl dlur nctbqubtâ# Lc ontbêrl kl

ìb$ d(nctbqubtâ$ dn trnkbtbic cl sict rblc# Ic cl kibt s(lc rnp/

pirtlr qu(í sib/oçol# Kblu n viudu qul ajnauc ajlrajåt lt

naalptåt dberlolct dn vârbtâ# Lt Dnatncal râadnol piur dn ìb

alttl bckâplckncal kl tiutl nutirbtâ qul ]nsand râadnolrn piur

dn rnbsic$ pubs qul k(nutrls râadnolrict kl ciuvlnu piur dn ìb#

Onbs dl ajrbstbncbsol dub/oûol âtnbt ndirs ucl ìrol kl dn

dberl plcsâl#

]nssics nux pjbdisipjls# D(jbstibrl kl dlurs vnrbntbics su``bt í

dls aicknoclr# Bds cl s(lctlcklct oçol pns sur d(ieglt kl dlur

*>" ]nr Ulcâ @noâ$ slarâtnbrl ku rib @rncèibs B%%%$ bc/ìdbi# ]nrbs$ ><;0#

*5" Dnatncal$ Ebv# bcst#$ B$ 5#



><= DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ BP( QBÊADL#

qu(bds vbcsslct í dub *>"# Pibdí ucl `nèic kl pnrdlr kl dn aribx

qub vnut eblc alddl kl Obcuabus @âdbx#

Dl dbvrl subvnct cius `nbt lctrlr kncs d(âtukl kl dn oirndl

ajrâtblccl# Bd lst bctbtudâ Kl dn gustbal$ lt dl oiralnu anpbtnd kl

al dbvrl lst lc l``lt ucl ncndysl kl d(bkâl kl gustbal# Nu dblu kl

tlcbr tiut lctbêrl kncs uc rlsplat k(nutrub oçdâ k(bckb``ârlcal$

lt kncs dn strbatl lxâautbic kls aictrnts$ dn gustbal ajrâtblccl

kâeirkl piur nbcsb kbrl# Bcspbrâl pnr d(noiur kl Kblu$ lddl lst

al slctbolct vb` kl citrl âhndbtâ qul cius kiccl d(bkâl kl citrl

aiooucl irbhbcl# Qludl$ alttl plcsâl k(uc pêrl qub lst dl

oçol piur tius$ lt qub vlut í tius dl oçol eblc$ `nbt lc l``lt

dls jiools âhnux lt vrnbolct `rêrls *5"# Dls ncablcs$ c(nynct

pns alttl citbic kl d(âhndbtâ$ c(ict pu nvibr dn citbic kl gustbal#

Nussb dlur siabâtâ lst/lddl `nbtl kl enrrbêrls lt kl kbspnrntls# Bd

plut eblc y nvibr ajlz dls ajrâtblcs kls pnuvrls lt kls rbajls#

Onbs aldn c(lst pns dn

oçolajisl# Als kb``ârlcals c(ict qul dl

prbx qu(ic y nttnajl *1"$ lt piur kls çtrls booirtlds$ lddls lc

aicslrvlct plu#

Dl sbxbêol dbvrl trnbtl kl klux klvibrs qub prbolct lt

râsuolct tius dls klvibrs# Dn pbâtâ$ iutrl al qu(lddl vnut

pnr lddl/oçol$ trncs`irol dls nutrls vlrtus$ iu pdutût

lddl lc lst dl prbcabpl aioouc$ lt sludl dlur kiccl dlur vrnb

anrnatêrl$ nu pibct qul$ sncs lddl$ dls vlrtus rlssloedlrnblct

í uc airps sncs tçtl *;"# D(nutrl klvibr ajrâtblc pnr lxalddlcal

lst aldub kl ajnrbtâ$ iu$ aiool kbt Dnatncal$ k(juoncbtâ# Cius

vlcics kl vibr qu(lc uc slcs d(juoncbtâ lddl/oçol c(lst qu(ucl

`irol kl dn pbâtâ$ lt qul d(noiur kl Kblu s(najêvl pnr d(noiur

ku priajnbc# Lt dn ajnrbtâ nbcsb lctlckul lst `âaickl lc iedb/

hntbics qul dn oirndl nctbqul cl siupèiccnbt pibct# \c klrcblr

*>" Dnatncal$ Kbv# bcst#$ BP$ 50#

*5"O#$P$ ><#

*1" O#$ P$ >0#

*;" O$ PB$ 2#



DNA[NCAL# bed

trnbt *nprês eblc k(nutrls qbb(icuoêrl citrl nutlur" kiccl lc`bc

í dn vlrtu ajrâtblccl ucl onrqul priprl 7 dl oâprbs kl tiutl

viduptâ# Alttl vlrSu cl vn pns sncs aioent aictrl sib/oçol lt

sncs oirtb`bantbic# Dl dbvrl$ iò alttl lsqubssl k(ucl vbl sldic

Kblu lst pripisâl$ n uc tbtrl qu(bd `nut abtlr lt rltlcbr 7 Ku vârb/

tnedl audtl#

A(lst nu aictrnbrl sius uc tbtrl tiut adnssbqul 7 Kl dn vbl

jlurlusl$ qul dl klrcblr dbvrl trnbtl kls suglts qub dl sict dl oibcs$

kld(booirtndbtâ

kl d(íollt

kldn

rnbsick(çtrl

kl tiutls ajisls#Als klux suglts k(nbddlurs c(lc ìct qu(uc# Anr dl oickl n âtâ

`nbt piur d(jiool$ lt d(jiool piur aiccnãtrl Kblu$ dl slrvbr$ lt

oârbtlr pnr dí d(booirtndbtâ# Onbs Dnatncalcl sl aictlctl pns kl

alttl vbsbic kl d(nvlcbr# Bd prâtlck nppirtlr kls prâkbatbics pdus

aicarêtls lt pdus prâabsls# Dl oickl$ nprês uc dnelur kl sbx

hrncks giurs$ kict ajnauc kurl obddl ncs$ giubrn$ kncs uc

slptbêol giur kl obddl nccâls lcairl$ ku rlpis qul dub priaurlrn

dl rêhcl ku Ajrbst# Al slptbêol giur nppriajl# Onbs nvnct qul

dl sbxbêol tiuajl í sn `bc$ ucl arbsl sl prikubrn qub slrn

onrquâl pnr dn ajutl kl dn pubssncal rionbcl$ í dnqulddl bd

sloedl í Dnatncal qul dl sirt ku oickl sibt dbâ# Gusqul kncs

als rçvlrbls npiandyptbquls dl Uionbc sl rltriuvl$ lt$ piur dub$ dl

rêhcl kl d(Nctâajrbst sl aicìckrn nvla dn kiobcntbic kl d(Nsbl

sur d(Btndbl *>"# Nprês alttl arbsl lt nprês dls obddl ncs lc`bc

qu(nurn kurâ dl rêhcl ku Ajrbst$ tiutls dls pubssncals onu/vnbsls tlctlrict uc klrcblr nssnut$ lt Kblu `lrn dl kâpnrt

kâ`bcbtb` kls bopbls$ qu(bd lcvlrrn nu `lu âtlrcld$ lt kls gustls$ qub

klvblckrict sloednedls nux nchls# ‛ Dn aicadusbic kl tiut

alab$ a(lst qu(bd `nut sichlr nux rbhulurs kl al guhlolct$ lt cl

vbvrl qul piur d(âtlrcbtâ#

ûl plut nvibr kl aioouc Abaâric nvla uc obddâcnbrl 9 ‛Onbs dl obddâcnrbsol$ iutrl qu(bd nvnbt âtâ ucl trncsbtbic plut/

Bd" DTA[NCAL$ B"bv# bcst $ P\$ d.b#



><5 DL ABAÂUICBNCBQ#OL N\ BP QBÊADL#

çtrl câalssnbrl vlrs @bkâl trip pjbdisipjbqul lt trip vbkl

k(booirtndbtâ$ c(âtnbt pdus tiugiurs prbs kncs dl slcs hrissblr

iò d(nvnblct prbs dls gukâi/ajrâtblcs *>"$ lt bd âtnbt í alttl âpiqul

aicabdbnedl nvla dl pdus jnut klhrâ kl audturl# Lc `nbt cius

siools kâgí âkb`bâs sur dl aioptl kl Dnatncal6 cius snvics

qul sn aicvlrsbic cl dub nvnbt rblc `nbt iuedblr$ lt qul$ aiool

elnuaiup kl sls bddustrls prâkâalsslurs kncs d(npidihbl$ bd

âtnbt rlstâ pjbdisipjl lc klvlcnct ajrâtblc# ‛ >> âtnbt

kl pdus rlstâ abaâricblc# N quld pibct sic stydl lst pdlbc kl

Abaâric$ a(lst al kict ic cl plut sl `nbrl ucl bkâl$ qunck ic

cl d(n pns du# bZic sludlolct bd âarbt uc dntbc âdâhnct$ irntibrl$

lt pnr dí rlssloedl í sic oikêdl6 onbs s(bd lst ucl lxprlssbic

pdus priprlolct abaâricblccl$ ic lst sör kl dn rltriuvlr ajlz

Dnatncal# [ius dls `nbts kl d(nctbqubtâ qu(bd rnppirtl ict âtâ

prâaâkloolct rnppirtâs pnr Abaâric *5"# Qic ârukbtbic pjbdi/

sipjbqul$ kict cius pnrdbics tiut íd(jlurl$ n eblc d(nbr kl vlcbr

kl dn oûol siural *1"# Bd pnrdl kl Abaâric nvla pbâtâ 7 a(lst

d(bcaiopnrnedl irntlur$ dl prloblr kls âarbvnbcs dntbcs *;"$ dl

pdus hrncks kls pjbdisipjls *<"$ *al qul cius siools nugiur/

k(jub oibcs kbspisâs í nkolttrl"# >> npplddl sn pnridl prlsqul

kbvbcl *0"# ûnck bd lst ìraâ kl dl aictrlkbrl$ a(lst nvla ucl

cuncal kl rlhrlt# >> dub ajlrajl kls lxausls *8"$ iu s(l`ìral kl

dl oictrlr râpnrnct dub/oçol sic lrrlur *:"# Onbs$ qunck

*>" Pibr lc pnrtbaudblr snbct Noeribsl$ Lcnrr# bc @sndo# B$ <;#

*5" [ius dls rnppriajlolcts$ piur dl ìck lt piur dn d(irol$ ict âtâ `nbts

nvla tnct k(neickncal pnr dls âkbtlurs qu(bd su``bt k(y rlcviylr# Pibr lctrl

nutrls Dnatncal$ âkbtbic Obhcl$ t#B$ p# 5:5$ 52=$ 10:$ 80=$ 801#

*1" Pibr Dnatncal$ Kbv# bcst#$ dbt$ 8#

*;" Bab#$ BBB$ >1#

*<" )()#$ BBB$ >;# Bklo plr`ladus irntir$ bklo suoous pjbdisipjus6 A`#$ d$

>< 6 BBB$ > 6 PBB$ >#

*0" X#$PB$ :#

*8" Bk#$ >>$2#

V2">*>$ BB$ 26 BBB$ ><$ >06 PB$ >>$ >:#



DNA[NCAL# ><1

Abaâric s(lst triopâ$ bd lst bcutbdl k(lspkrlr triuvlr dn vârbtâ

ajlz uc nutrl pjbdisipjl$ oçol ajlz Qâcêqul *>"# K(nbddlurs

bd cl s(lst pns tiugiurs triopâ$ lt Dnatncal dub lc snbt k(nutnct

pdus kl hrâ$ qubd c(nvnbt piur d(âadnbrlr qul sls duobêrls cntu/

rlddls (5"# ^uibqu(bd pubssl slojdlr dub ajlrajlr pdus k(ucl

onuvnbsl qulrlddl *1"$ lt s(najnrclr aictrl dub$ bd âpriuvl ucl gibl

sbcaêrl qunck sn aicsablcal kl ajrâtblc dub plrolt kl `nbrl trçvl$

lt sl triuvl k(naairk nvla sic nkobrntbic kl dlttrâ *;"# Lt bd abtl

quldquls ucls kls jlddls kâ`bcbtbics kl Abaâric nvla alt noiur/priprl kl kbsabpdl qub rlssloedl í uc noiur/priprl k(nutlur#

A(lst dn kâ`bcbtbic kl d(jiool qul dl siuvlrnbc kls kblux n arââ

aiool jirs rnch kncs dn cnturl$ qul slud kl tius dls çtrls ncboâs

bd n kiuâ kl rnbsic lt kl plcsâl *<"6 ‛ alddl kl dn aicsablcal$ uc

kblu bctârblur$ a(lst/í/kbrl citrl åol priprl qub lst al qul Kblu n

obs lc cius kl pdus sloednedl í dub *0" 6‛ alddl kl d(jiool kl eblc

qub c(isl cic sludlolct rblc `nbrl$ onbs rblc plcslr qu(bd cl

pubssl kbrl tiut jnut *8" 6 ‛ alddl lc`bc kl dn dib oirndl qub c(lst

kb``ârlctl cb í Ntjêcls cb í Uiol$ qub cl ajnchl pns cic pdus

nvla dls sbêadls$ onbs qub piur tiutls dls cntbics$ piur tius dls

tlops$ lst dn oçol dib$ âtlrclddl$ boounedl *:"# Oçol kncs dls

arbtbquls qul Dnatncal nkrlssl í Abaâric$ bd y n ucl oncbêrl

k(jioonhl6 bd dl prlck piur dl rlprâslctnct dl pdus najlvâ kldí

aicsablcal nctbqul$ lt c(ippisl í sic lcslbhclolct qul d(lcslb/

hclolct ku Ajrbst# Dbobtntbic$ aiool dn arbtbqul kl snbct No/eribsl$ slrict oibcs nttlctbvls í dn plrsiccl oçol kl Abaâric#

D(bckb``ârlcal piur dl tndlct$ qub âtnbt bopissbedl ajlz uc ncablc

*>" Dnatncal$ Kbv# bcst# BBB$ dn#

*5" O# $>>$>5#

*1" Pibr lc pnrtbaudblr Bab#$ BBB$ >;#

*;" O#$ PB$ 5=$ 5;#

*<" Bk#$ BB$ >5$ lt BP$ ;#

*0"8k#$PB$ 5;#

*8"Gk#$PB$5;#

*:")k#$PB$ :#



><; DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ BP( QBÊADL#

pri`lsslur kl rjâtirbqul klvblct cnturlddl ajlz uc kvçqul bcs/

trubsnct sls adlras#

Abaâric lst pnrtiut kncs dl dbvrl kls BcstbtutbicsS lt bd y lst

`nbt kls lopructs í tius sls iuvrnhls# Bd lc lst tribs alplcknct

qub sict$ pdus qul dls nutrls$ obs í aictrbeutbic$ lt kncs tribs

pnrtbls kb``ârlctls kl d(őuvrl kl Dnatncal6 al sict dl Kl Cnturn

Klioo$TaKl Ulpuedban atdl)"l =))ãa)«<# DirsqulDnatncal trnbtl

kls `nux kblux$ dls âarbts tjâidihbquls kl Abaâric dub sict$

aiool bds d(âtnblct piur tius dls pidâobstls ajrâtblcs$ uc utbdl

rlaulbd kl kiauolcts lt k(nrhuolcts *>"# Oçol kncs als âarbts

alplcknct Abaâric lst uc nddbâ plu sör$ pubsqu(bd y rlvçt kb``â/

rlcts plrsiccnhls lctrl dlsqulds sn syopntjbl sloedl pnrìbs

pnrtnhâl# Lt Dnatncal olt sls dlatlurs lc hnrkl aictrl kl knc/

hlrlusls bopbâtâs piur dlsqulddls d(nutlur ku Kl Cnturn Klirbto

sloedl nvibr quldqul `nbedl# Al sict kls ipbcbics pdnticbablccls

iu stiéablccls lctnajâls kl kundbsol *5" iu kl pnctjâbsol *1"#

Onbs al qub dl sanckndbsl pdus qul tiut dl rlstl$ a(lst dn aicadusbic

ku dbvrl# ûl Abaâric lxalddl í kâtrubrl pdutût qu(í âkb`blr$ bddl

aicstntl sncs dl dub rlpriajlr *;"# Ic cl plut lc viudibr í uc

jiool kl c(nvibr pns bcvlctâ dl ajrbstbncbsol *<"# Onbs qul

Abaâric nynct nplrèu dn vncbtâ ku pnhncbsol cl dn priadnol

pns$ aldn dub pnrnãt ìr`nbturl lt dåajltâ# >> d(naausl$ nvla ucl

kurltâ qub cl dub lst pns irkbcnbrl$ k(nvibr arnbct dl sirt kl

Qiarntl *0"$ lt pri`lssl qul aldub qub pissêkl quldqul vârbtâ

n uc klvibr lcvlrs lddl$ qub lst kl cl dn pibct aldlr# Bd c(lst pns

âvbkloolct kncs uc âtnt k(íol í aioprlckrl dls sarupudls

*>" Pibr lc pnrtbaudblr$ Dnatncal$ Kbl# bcst#$ B$ 0$ >8#

*5" Bab$ BB$ 2#

*1" O#$ BB$ <#

*;" Gk#$ >$>86 >>$1$ 2#

*<" Bab#$ Bd$ 1# @ndsucb vlri bctltdbhlrllst qubklo snpblctbn6$ slk juoncő#\dtrn jucl hrnkuo prialkb nd" jiobcl cic pitlst### Plruo nutlo sabrl

kbvbcn% lst snpblctbù#

*0" Bk#$ BB$ 1#



DNA[NCAL# ><8

piur ucl pdncajl# A(lst dl pdus `nbedl kls klux qub dn tblct# Dl

pdus ìrt dn dub nrrnajlrn/t/bd qunck sic sndut lst í al prbx9 Qb

vrnbolct bd n dl dibsbr kl kâdbeârlr$ uc ajibx kiudiurlux dub lst

dnbssâ 7 iu bd snarb`blrn dn vbl kl sic sloednedl lt slrn quldqul

ajisl aiool uc nssnssbc$ iu bd snarb`blrn dn sblccl lt slrn ucl

kupl# Kl oçol$ dl sidknt lc ùbtl qub prlck sic ajlvnd í uc

edlssâ aioolt ucl onuvnbsl natbic$ onbs$ s(bd cl dn aioolttnbt

pns$ vius dl trnbtlrblz k(bcslcsâ# Lt Dnatncal ngiutl qul Abaâric

cl râussbssnbt pns í sl tbrlr kls kb``baudtâs siudlvâls pnr Anrcânkl#Qnbct Noeribsl pnsslrn nvla kâknbc sur als obsêrls kl dn oirndl

pnélccl# Dnatncal sl pdnãt í naauslr alttl aictrnkbatbic bcsi/

duedl kl cis bctârçts lt kl cis klvibrs$ iò kibt sioerlr sldic dub

dn vlrtu râkubtl í lddl/oçol# Qludl dn vlrtu ajrâtblccl cl

sioerlrn pns$ pnral qul sludl lddl s(nppubl sur d(âtlrcbtâ# Alux

qub dn prntbqulct sict ìus sldic dl oickl$ onbs snhls sldic

Kblu# Dlur vlrtu lst uc pdnalolct nssurâ# Bds nonsslct piur

d(nutrl vbl# Cius triuvlrbics oçol$ nvla cis sarupudls oi/

klrcls$ qul Dnatncal `nbt í dn supputntbic kls plbcls lt kls

râaioplcsls pdus kl pdnal qul c(lc `nbt dl vârbtnedl jiool kl

eblc$ quldqul ariynct qu(bd sibt# ]iur oblux aicvnbcarl dn

vlrtu pnélccl k(bopubssncal$ bd `nbt dn vlrtu ajâtblccl trip

diurklolct bctârlssâl# Lt a(lst dub$ dl ajrâtblc$ qub cbl qul

d(jiool sibt anpnedl kl al kic hrntubt kl dub/oçol$ kl alttl

ìdbl$ sb d(ic vlut$ sncs dnqulddl bd c(y n pns kl vrnbl vlrtu#

Cius pnssics sur eblc k(nutrls rnppriajlolcts kl kâtnbd lctrl

Dnatncal lt Abaâric# Kncs dl dbvrl RB kls Bcstbtutbics lc`bc$ Dna/

tncal ippisl dn ajnrbtâ ajrâtblccl í dn eblc`nbsncal trip pnr/

aboicblusl kls pnélcs# A(lst kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs qu(bd

triuvl lc l``lt kls rêhdls aiool alddl/ab 7 « Bd `nut oâcnhlr

sic eblc$ cl slrnbt/al qul piur hnrklr kl quib kicclr lcairl# ##$ ¶

qub sict kls rlstrbatbics *>"# ]ubs Abaâric c(lst pns bckbd[ârlct

*>" Abaâric$ Kl i``#$ BB$ di#



DNH[NCAL# ><2

ond$ PI\Q aictrbeulz í dl plrpâtulr$ lt í nttbrlr sur vius kls

rlprâsnbddls lchlckrâls pnr kls rlprâsnbddls# ‛ Dn kiatrbcl kl dn

cic/râsbstncal$ rlobsl lc jicclur pnr [idstié$ n$ aiool ic dl

vibt$ k(bddustrls ncaçtrls#

Cius rltriuvlrics kncs dl trnbdâ Kls Klvibrs kl snbct Noeribsl

klux kbsaussbics tiut í `nbt sloednedls í alddls qul als klrcbêrls

pnhls vblcclct kl râsuolr# D(irbhbcndbtâ kl citrl nutlur s(lc

triuvl kbobcuâl lt cius vibdí k(nvncal aicknocâs í kls rlkbtls#Cius cl dl rlhrlttics pns# Anr dl dbvrl kl snbct xToeribsl lst

k(nutnct pdus bctârlssnct lc uc slcs qu(bd lst oibcs irbhbcnd$ lt

qul dls bkâls qub y sict lxprboâls nppnrnbsslct aiool alddls

k(uc tlops lt cic k(uc jiool# Cius ajlrajlrbics kica$ pdutût

qul kl dls âvbtlr$ als iaansbics kl cius râpâtlr lt kl oictrlr

kb`[usls kncs dn aicsablcal k(ndirs als `nèics kl plcslr lt kl

slctbr$ als kbsaussbics oçols lt als bobtntbics# \cl őuvrl n

k(nutnct pdus kl pirtâl piur d(jbstibrl hâcârndl kls bkâls

qu(lddl lst oibcs plrsicclddl#

Lctrl Dnatncal lt snbct Noeribsl al cl sict pibct sludlolct

kls rlcaictrls âpbsikbquls qu(bd `nut sbhcndlr$ onbs uc tiur

k(lsprbt aioouc# Kncs dl ajrbstbncbsol bds viblct surtiut$

d(uc lt d(nutrl$ dn oirndl ajrâtblccl# Aldn nppnrnãt k(ucl `nèic

duobclusl kncs d(őuvrl kl Dnatncal$ qub lst ucl lxpisbtbic

kihontbqul$ lt kncs dnqulddl bd n viudu lt aru olttrl tiut d(lsslc/

tbld# Ir cius snvics al qu(bd y n obs# Qb d(ic rltrncajl tiut al

qub lst râ`utntbic ku pnhncbsol$ al qub rlstl piurrnbt s(nppldlr7

Kâ`lcsl kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl# Dl slptbêol dbvrl dub/oçol

cl `nbt qu(lcankrlr kncs ucl rnpbkl jbstibrl ku oickl dn

tjâirbl kls sncatbics$ âtribtl kâplckncal kl tiutl oirndl# Dn

oirndl lst kica nu alctrl ku systêol# Lt kncs alttl oirndl$

*alab lst dn aicsâqulcal kl aldn"$ dls őuvrls sict al qub bo/

pirtl# Dl vrnb oiylc piur jicirlr Kblu$ a(lst kl `nbrl dl eblc#

uobo plr kbsalptntbicao$ ndtlruo plr vbo$ quucbqul bdduk priprbubc sbt

jiobcbs$ jia eaddunrubc Kl i``#$ d$ >>#



>0= DL ABAÂUIONCBQOL N\ dR%S QBLADL#

Ublc kl pdus lxprlssb` qul al tbtrl$ sur dlquld cius nvics kâgí

nppldâ d(nttlctbic$ kiccâ í uc dbvrl iò sict lxpisâs cis klvibrs 7

Ku vârbtnedl audtl# >> y n dí ucl aicalptbic tiutl stiéablccl kl

dn rldbhbic qul dl ajrbstbncbsol$ sncs s(y aic`irolr nesiduolct$

n alplcknct `nbtl sblccl# Cius cl siools pdus í Ndlxnckrbl$

onbs í Uiol# Al c(lst pdus dn sablcal qub snuvl$ onbs dn vlrtu#

Lt aldn$ ondhrâ kls rltiurs i``lcsb`s kl dn spâaudntbic ndlxnc/

krbcl$ lst rlstâ dl anrnatêrl kiobcntlur kl dn rldbhbic ajrâtblccl$

al qub dn kbstbchul kls rldbhbics nctbquls# Alttl rldbhbic lst

ucl oirndl$ lt sls npidihbstls cl vict pdus çtrl qul kls oèrn/

dbstHs# ‛ Dnatncal abtl quldqul pnrt d(ipbcbic prçtâl pnr Abaâric

í uc kl sls plrsiccnhls$ lt qub lst$ kbt/bd$ d(ipbcbic vrnbl kl

Abaâric$ qul quldquls oits sur dls klvibrs vndlct dl pdus

elnu kbsaiurs *>"# Lt Dnatncal plcsl kl oçol# Lc aldn lcairl

bd lst kica uc kbsabpdl kl Abaâric$ s(bd c(lst pns pdus sbopdl kl

kbrl qu(lc aldn bd lst tiut sbopdlolct Uionbc#

BP

Qnbct Gârûol lt snbct Nuhustbc kbsabpdls kl Abaâric#

Cius nrrbvics í ucl pârbikl kl d(jbstibrl dbttârnbrl eblc kb``â/

rlctl kl alddl qul onrqulct dls cios kl Dnatncal lt kl

Obcuabus @âdbx# Bd c(y n pibct kl dnchul cb kl stydl priprl í als

klux âarbvnbcs# A(lst ku Abaâric kâonrquâ# Bd y n ucl dnchul

lt uc stydl kl snbct Gârûol lt kl snbct Nuhustbc# D(bobtntbic

ku oikêdl nctbqul c(lst pdus uc nsslrvbsslolct# Lddl c(lc lst

qul pdus `âaickl# Lc oçol tlops kls sarupudls sict vlcus í

als ajrâtblcs trip âprbs kl d(nctbqubtâ# Onbs bds lc trbiopjlctlt sl plrsunklct qul d(bctârçt eblc lctlcku kl dn rldbhbic dlur

*b" DTA[NCAL$ Kb((# JQS$ O$ 5#



QNBC[ GÂUÛOL L[ QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC KBQAB]DLQ KL ABAÂUIC# >0>

kâ`lck gustlolct dl Qabarb`bal qub dlur aiötlrnbt dl pdus# [iutaldn

c(lc n pns oibcs kiccâ dblu í kls krnols bctbols qub nuholctlct

piur cius d(bctârçt kl alttl jbstibrl# Anr kncs tiutl aicsablcal

triuedâl bd y n quldqul ajisl qub cius nttbrl# Cius nddics kica

vibr Abaâric$ qub cl sloednbt pns `nbt piur aldn$ çtrl cic sludl/

olct d(ieglt kl hrnckls pnssbics$ onbs dn anusl klhrncks rloirks#

Qnbct Gârûol nvnbt rlèu d(âkuantbic adnssbqul k(ndirs# Bd nvnbt

najlvâ sls âtukls í Uiol$ sius dn kbrlatbic kl d(bddustrl hrno/

onbrblc Kicnt# Cius snvics oçol qulds dbvrls kl adnssl dub

nvnblct âtâ obs lctrl dls onbcs# A(âtnblct kls aioolctnbrls

sur Pbrhbdl$ Abaâric$ Qnddustl$ [ârlcal$ ]dnutl$ Duarêal$

Jirnal$ ]lrsl lt Duanbc *>"# Bd cl pnrdl gnonbs kl Kicnt sncs

quldqul tâoibhcnhl kl rlaiccnbssncal# [iugiurs bd d(npplddl

« sic onãtrl ¶ *5"# Lt dn dlaturl kl sls őuvrls cius priuvl lc

l``lt qu(bd `ut uc eic âdêvl# Bd kbsslrtl vidictblrs sur dl hlcrl$

dl cioerl lt dls `bhurls#Bd

n dn suplrstbtbic kl dn hrnoonbrl$gusqu(í rlhnrklr aiool ucl bcgurl hrnvl dl rlpriajl k(nvibr

dnbssâ âajnpplr kls sidâabsols *1"# Bd s(lst `nbt ucl ebedbitjêqul

lc aipbnct kl sn priprl onbc dls iuvrnhls kl sic ajibx *;"#

]dus tnrk bd c(nurn pdus elsibc kl dbrl sls nutlurs `nvirbs$ lt bd

c(lc vbvrn pns oibcs nvla lux$ oûol qunck bd cl dl viukrn

pdus$ tlddlolct bds lopdbsslct sn oâoibrl *<"# \c snvnct aictlo/

pirnbc n piussâ d(nrt kl dn kbsslatbic dbttârnbrl gusqu(í ajlrajlr

kncs dl stydl kl snbct Gârûol tiutls dls râobcbsalcals$ oçolbcvidictnbrls$ kict bd lst `nbt$ lt bd triuvl pnr lxlopdl uc aio/

olctnbrl sur Obajâl tiut pdlbc k(uc nutlur qu(ic c(y nttlckrnbt

huêrl$ kl [ârlcal *0"# ^unct í Abaâric$ bd lst piur snbct Gârûol$

*k" Qnbct Gârûol$ Nkv# Ubt`bc#$ Bd$ >=#

*5" Qnb#o #Gârûol$ Bc Ajric# nk nc# p# ajr#$ 11: 6 Nkv# Ju`bc#$ >$ BH#

*1" Qnbct Gârûol$ Bc Lzlaj# ZBB$ nk ;=$ 636 Bc Knc#$ nk <$ 8#

*;"Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp# ZZBB$ Nk Lustiajbuo#

*<" Qnbct Gârûol$ Nkv# Uu`bc#$ B$ 1=#

*0" DòELAF$ Jblricyous quis civlrbdsarbptirls lt lx qubeus jnuslrbt# Dbpsbő$

[lueclr$ >:85#

\cbvlrsbtâ kl Dyic# ‛ PBBB# >>



>=5 DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ BP? QBLADL#

aiool piur tius dls ajrâtblcs$ lc oçol tlops qul dl onãtrl

pnr lxalddlcal$ @nutlur bckbsplcsnedl í aicsudtlr sur tiutls

dls kiatrbcls nctârblurls í dub$ d(ucbqul trnbt k(ucbic nvla d(jld/

dâcbsol# Qnbct Gârûol$ qub snbt dl hrla$ cl aiccnãt ]dntic

qul pnr Abaâric$ lt cl dl abtl qul kl slaickl onbc *>"# ‛ Kl

d(âaidl kl Kicnt$ snbct Gârûol nvnbt kö pnsslr kncs alddl kl

quldqul rjâtlur$ plut/çtrl kncs alddl kl Pbatirbcus# [ld âtnbt

dl aiurs râhudblr kls âtukls# >> cius rnaictl dub/oçol qu(bd

s(lxlrènbt nux kâadnontbics$ nux aictrivlrsls lt `râqulctnbt dls

trbeucnux *5"# [iutl sn vbl bd hnrkn piur dls bonhls$ dls

piotls$ dls glux kl oits$ dls abtntbics uc hiöt kl rjâtlur

iu k(âdêvl kl rjâtlur# Cius snvics alplcknct$ tiugiurs pnr

dub$ qu(bd `bt l`ìrt piur kâenrrnsslr sic stydl kl tius als siu/

vlcbrs kucl rjâtirbqul trip eblc `nbtl *1"# Nvla quld noiur bd

d(nvnbt `nbtl$ lc l``lt$ dn subtl vn cius dl oictrlr#

Kl eiccl jlurl tiutlìbs$ sius dl erbddnct âtukbnct$ uc snbct

s(nccicèn# Dl kboncajl$ nvla quldquls anonrnkls$ bd sl rlc/

knbt nux antnaioels$ piur s(y lopdbr k(nustêrls siuvlcbrs lt

k(âoitbics rldbhblusls# >> lst vrnb qul$ piur plbckrl dl slctbolct

qu(bd y âpriuvl$ bd cl triuvl rblc kl oblux qu(uc vlrs kl

Pbrhbdl *;"# Bd qubttl Uiol piur nddlr « `nbrl sn tjâidihbl ¶ í

[rçvls# Kl [rçvls$ iò kâgí bd nvnbt slctb dn viantbic pibckrl lc

dub$ bd sl rlckbt í Nqubdâl$ pubs lc Irblct# Kurnct als viynhls$ kls

bc`dulcals kbvlrsls$ kls nobtbâs pblusls kict d(ucl ùt erbsâl pnr

dn oirt$ ucl ondnkbl hrnvl qu(bd `bt dub/oçol$ dn aictnhbic kl

d(lxlopdl lc`bc$ qu(bd âtnbt aiool vlcu ajlrajlr$ kiccêrlct

í alttl viantbic uc tiur boprâvu# Dl hiöt kl d(nsaâtbsol cnãt

ajlz alt jiool qub klvnbt tnct aictrbeulr í dl râpnckrl kncs

d(Iaabklct# Lt vibdí d(âdêvl kl Kicnt$ nu obdblu k(ncnajirêtls kl

*>"Qnbo #Gfuòob7$ Nkv# Uu`bc#$ >>># 1/" lt ;=#

*5" Qnbct Gârûol$ Bc Hnb# B$ nk# 5# > >$

*1" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ D\$ >#

*;" Qnbct Gârûol$ Bc Lzaaj# ZBB$ nk ;=$ 1#



QT>C[ GÂ\c#OL L[ QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC KBQAB]DLQ KL ABAÂUIC# >01

tiutl privlcncal$ kncs dl kl(slrt kl Ajndabs$ dn [jâenékl Qy/

rblccl# Bd pdlurl sls `nutls pnssâls$ onbs sl rlùsl lcairl í

aioptlr pnrob sls `nutls d(nttnajlolct qu(bd aicslrvl piur dls

nutlurs pnélcs# Gusqul kncs dl kâslrt bd n nvla dub ucl ansslttl

iò sict lc`lroâs kl ajlrs oncusarbts# Lt nvla lux dn sidbtukl

c(lst pdus dn sidbtukl# «Gl glöcnbs$ kbt/bd$ lt pubs gl dbsnbs Abaâ/

ric# ¶

Onbs uc sichl trnhbqul vblct kâtrubrl alttl pnbx nppnrlctl kl

sic åol$ lt dub kâcicalr uc aic`dbt sur dlquld sn aicsablcal

s(iestbcnbt í `lrolr dls ylux# \cl `bêvrl nrklctl nvnbt pâcâtrâ

kncs dn oilddl kl sls is$ nu pibct qul sls oloerls cl slo/

ednblct pdus tlcbr lcsloedl# Lt plcknct qu(ic npprçtnbt sls

ùcârnbddls$ kbt/bd$ sn plcsâl klvncèn sic airps$ lt dl vibdí

trncspirtâ klvnct dl trbeucnd ku guhl# Ic dub klonckl al qu(bd

lst 7 4* Gl subs ajrâtblc$ râpickbs/gl# Ndirs aldub qub âtnbt nu

trbeucnd o(bctlrriopt7 « [u olcs$ tu ls abaâricblc lt cic pns« ajrâtblc$ anr iò lst tic trâsir$ dí nussb lst tic aőur# ¶ Lt bd

irkiccl kl dl riulr kl aiups# Onbs sn aicsabluDãl dl tirturl

knvnctnhl lcairl# Bd arbl alplcknct$ lt sn vibx sl oçdl nu

erubt kls vlrhls 7 « Qlbhclur$ nylz pbtbâ kl oib# ¶ Lt dls nssbstncts

âous kl al splatnadl$ tioelct nux pblks ku guhl$ dl suppdbnct

kl pnrkicclr í sn gluclssl$ kl dub dnbsslr dl tlops ku rlplctbr$

snu` í dl ajåtblr pdus arulddlolct$ s(bd rlaioolcal í dbrl kls

dbvrls pnélcs# Lt aiool bd âtnbt prçt í `nbrl tiutls dls priolssls

qu(ic löt viudu$ bd nttlstl dl cio kl Kblu lt kbt 7 « Qb gnonbs gl

aicslrvl dls dbvrls ku sbêadl$ sb gnonbs gl dls rldbs# Qlbhclur$

gl vius nurnb rlcbâ# ¶ Lt nprês al slrolct bd ùt rlobs lc

dbelrtâ *>"#

ûb cl rlaiccnãt kncs al sichl ucl kl als vibx bctârblurls

vlcnct ku pdus priìck kl citrl çtrl lt plrènct tiut k(uc aiup

dls iestnadls qu(bcstbcatbvlolct cius naauoudbics piur ci

*>" Qnbct #Bljòol$ Lp#$ ZZBB$ 1=#



>0; DL ABAÂUICBNBPBQOL N\ BP' QBÊADL#

pibct lctlckrl9 A(lst dirsqul Gârûol âtnbt âvlbddâ qul sn

aicsablcal sioolbddnbt# Lt dn plcsâl kls rçvls$ pdus dberl kl

tiutl lctrnvl$ lst siuvlct nbcsb citrl vrnbl plcsâl# ‛ Dn vibx

ku sichl n kbt 7 [u ls abaâricblc# Lddl cius kiccl kica rnbsic

qunck cius nppldics kl al cio$ qub kâsbhcl k(irkbcnbrl dls

purbstls kl dn Ulcnbssncal$ dls prbcabpnux rlprâslctncts kl

alttl nutrl Ulcnbssncal kict dl bv½ sbêadl `ut tâoibc# Lc `nbt$

snbct Gârûol c(âtnbt pibct nttnajâ í Abaâric sludlolct$ onbs í

]dnctl$ onbs í [ârlcal$ onbs í ^ubctbdblc$ onbs í ]dbcl$ onbsí @rictic lt í eblc k(nutrls *>"# Abaâric alplcknct d(lopirtnbt

sur tius kncs sn kâvitbic kl dlttrâ# ]ubs$ piur kls oitb`s qul

cius nvics kbts$ bd lst$ nux ylux kls ajrâtblcs$ dl vrnb rlprâslc/

tnct kl tiutl alttl nctbqubtâ# A(lst ucl rnbsic siabndl# Dí lcairl

dl sichl n kbt vrnb# Lt Gârûol$ nvlrtb pnr alttl suebtl bdduobcn/

tbic kl sn aicsablcal kl aictrnkbatbics qu(nupnrnvnct bd c(y

viynbt pibct$ prbt nu sârblux dl slrolct `nbt lc rçvl$ lt rlcicèní Abaâric$ a(lst/í/kbrl lc oçol tlops í tius dls nutlurs qu(bd

nvnbt nboâs# N quld pibct `nut/bd qul dl hiöt kl dn oirtb`bantbic

s(lopnrl k(ucl íol piur sl plrolttrl kl tlddls bctidârncals 9

Onbs qulddl pnssbic piur d(nctbqubtâ nussb qul alddl qub cl aêkl

qu(í kl pnrlbddls slaiussls$ lt piur eblctût rlcnãtrl .

]lcknct abcq nccâls snbct Gârûol tbct pnridl# Bd sl dbvrl í

tiutls dls prntbquls kl d(nsaâtbsol# Bd s(iaaupl kl trnvnux

onculds# Lc`bc$ piur najlvlr kl sl oirtb`blr$ bd npprlck

d(jâerlu# \c Gub` aicvlrtb dub lcslbhcl d(ndpjnelt$ lt bd s(lxlral

aicsablcabluslolct sur als oits « sb``dncts lt jndltncts ¶# Dn

râpuhcncal qu(bd kibt vnbcarl piur vlcbr í eiut kl sic lctrl/

prbsl priuvl su``bsnoolct k(nbddlurs quld dlttrâ kâdbant survbvnbt

lc dub# « D(ipbcbåtrltâ qul gl kâplcsnb kncs alttl âtukl$ dls

kb``baudtâs qul g(lus í suroictlr$ tius ols kâslspibrs$ tius ols

rlaioolcalolcts$ on vidictâ iestbcâl k(npprlckrl$ on aics/

*>" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ ZZdd$ 1=6 AZZP$ b5#



S00 DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ bP QBLADL#

ric 6 onbs al c(lst pns dl oûol Abairic# K(nutrls dlttrls kl snbct

Gârûol slrict kl vrnbls kbsslrtntbics$ aiool alddls kl Qâcêqul#

Aiool Qâcêqul lcairl$ lt aiool tnct k(nutrls$ bd âarbrn kls

aicsidntbics# Qius dn ìrol k(ucl dlttrl$ bd trnbtlrn kl d(âkuantbic

kls `bddls$ lc sl siuvlcnct kl ûbctbdblc *>"# \c prâ`lt ku prâtibrl$

Klxtlr$ dub nynct suhhârâ d(bkâl kl `nbrl uc antndihul kls nutlurs

laadâsbnstbquls$ lc prlcnct Quâticl piur hubkl$ bd aiopisl dn

prlobêrl jbstibrl kl dn dbttârnturl ajrâtblccl qul cius pissâ/

kbics# Bd rnppriajl dub/oçol sic trnvnbd cic sludlolct kl aldub

kl Quâticl$ onbs ku Ecbtbbs kl Abaâric# D(bctlctbic hâcârndl ku

dbvrl lst kl râùtlr alttl ieglatbic sb siuvlct nkrlssâl nu ajrbs/

tbncbsol$ qu(bd oncqunbt kl dbttârnturl# \cl rldbhbic sncs dbttârn/

turl pnrnbssnbt ndirs bcnaalptnedl í tnct kl hlcs *5" . Qnbct Gârûol

c(lc lst pns oibcs sâvêrl piur dn pdupnrt kls nutlurs ajrâtblcs#

Ic slct qul sic âkuantbic n obs lc dub uc typl k(âarbvnbc kict

bd n plbcl í triuvlr ajlz lux dn rlssloedncal# Kl sirtl qul alt

iuvrnhl$ lctrlprbs lc d(jicclur kl dn dbttârnturl ajrâtblccl$ lst

bckbrlatlolct uc plrpâtuld jioonhl í dn dbttârnturl pnélccl#

K(nprês uc tlxtl qul cius nvics kâgí abtâ$ ic piurrnbt prçtlr í

snbct Gârûol d(bctlctbic k(âtnedbr lctrl dls hdibrls dbttârnbrls ku

ajrbstbncbsol lt ku pnhncbsol ucl sirtl kl pnrnddêdl# « Knvbk$

a(lst citrl ]bcknrl í cius$ citrl Qboicbkl$ citrl Ndaâl$ citrl

Jirnal$ citrl Antuddl$ citrl Qârâcus *#1"# ¶ Onbs bd slrnbt lo/

enrrnssâ kl piusslr pdus dibc dn aiopnrnbsic$ lt bd c(lst pns ku

tiut kncs sn plcsâl kl ajlrajlr nux onãtrls pnélcs kls âqub/

vndlcts piur nrrbvlr í sl pnsslr k(lux#

Bd n nu aictrnbrl `nbt aiool dn tjâirbl kl d(nssbobdntbic pnr

dl ajrbstbncbsol kl dn audturl nctbqul *;"# Bd bcviqul k(neirk

k(nuhustls lxlopdls$ Oiésl$ snbct ]nud$ qub sl sict$ í d(iaansbic$

*>" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ AZPBB$ ;6 A`# AZZPBBB#

*5" Qnbct Gârûol$ Kl vbv\ bddustrbeus$ pbâ`#

*1" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ ZZZ#

*;" fd#$ DZZ#



QNBC[ GÂUÛOL L[ QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC KBQAB]DLQ KL#ABAÂUIC# >08

slrvbs kls dbvrls kls hlctbds# Bd ngiutl ]jbdic# ]ubs bd oictrl

qul$ klpubs @l(tnedbsslolct ku ajrbstbncbsol$ dn trnkbtbic s(lst

aic`broâl k(lopructlr í d(nctbqubtâ sls nrols# Nbcsb ict `nbt

tius dls npidihbstls 6 lt snbct Gârûol$ kncs ucl rlvul rnpbkl$

cius kiccl$ nvla tiutl d(nutirbtâ qub s(nttnajl nu prloblr

jbstirblc kl dn dbttârnturl ajrâtblccl$ aiool uc sioonbrl kl

dn kâoicstrntbic qul dl prâslct ajnpbtrl najêvl# Nbcsb n `nbt [lr/

tuddblc dub/oçol# Qnbct Jbdnbrl n bobtâ ^ubctbdblc# Dnatncal n

kncs sls priprls iuvrnhls `nbt lctrlr kls ncndysls kl alux kl

Abaâric# Knvbk nvnbt kl oçol aioenttu Hidbntj nvla sn priprl

âpâl# D(Larbturl cius râpêtl$ sius ucl nutrl `bhurl$ dl oûolaicslbd# Bd lst kbt kncs dl Klutâriciol qu(ic plut âpiuslr ucl

anptbvl nprês dub nvibr rnsâ dls ajlvlux$ dls siurabds$ nprês dub

nvibr aiupâ dls pibds lt dls ichdls# Lprbs kl dn hråal lt kl dn

elnutâ kl dn snhlssl ku sbêadl$ cius piuvics `nbrl k(lddl ucl

Bsrnâdbtl$ kl slrvnctl lt kl anptbvl qu(lddl âtnbt$ piurvu qul

cins supprbobics lc lddl d(bkidåtrbl$ dn viduptâ$ d(lrrlur$ dls

pnssbics$ tiut al qu(lddl aictlcnbt kl oirt# Ndirs citrl ucbic

nvla lddl slrn `âaickl piur dl Qlbhclur#

Lt snbct Gârûol n gibct d(lxlopdl nu prâalptl# Dnatncal lt

Obcuabus @âdbx sict kls abaâricblcs trip `bkêdls# Onbs$ pnr

dlur purbsol oçol$ bds nurnblct cub í dn anusl kl dn dbttârnturl

ajrâtblccl qu(bds viudnblct slrvbr# Bds rlhnrklct trip vlrs dl

pnssâ lt olttlct kncs dl pnstbajl dlur bkând dbtttârnbrl# Qnbct

Gârûol n rlèu nussb dls olbddlurls dlèics$ onbs bd n su s(lc

n``rncajbr# Lt kncs sic stydl$ k(ucl adnrtâ tiutl adnssbqul$ pns/

slct pnr bcstncts aiool kls eiu``âls kl [lrtuddblc# Al oâdnchl

irbhbcnd c(lst qu(í dub# ]nr tiut al qul sic hâcbl priprl$ sic

tlops$ sn rldbhbic nppirtlct k(âdâolcts ciuvlnux$ bd rnglucbt

lt aictbcul dn dbttârnturl dntbcl$ nu dblu kl sl eirclr í aipblr lt í

rlprikubrl# Oblux qul tiut nutrl$ bd plrsiccb`bl al qul ciusnvics nppldâ dn Ulcnbssncal ku bv(? sbêadl$ sb pnr Ulcnbssncal bd

`nut lctlckrl ucl trnkbtbic rlciuâl pdutût qul dn snvnctl lt



Q#PBC[ GÂUÛOL L[ QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC KBQAB]DLQ KL ABHÂUIC# ;02

cioerl kls âarbvnbcs ajrâtblcs$ olt ]dbbdic dl Gub`# Al abaâri/

cblc$ qub aioenttrn dls irbhâcbstls$ trnkubsbt lt aioolctn

Irbhêcl# ûldqul dntbcs qu(bds siblct$ lt cius ariyics nvibr

nsslz kbt qu(bds dl sict$ als hrncks ajrâtblcs ict tius klux

rlspbrâ uc nbr vlcu k(Ndlxnckrbl#

Kl snbct Nuhustbc nussb cius nurics í rlpnrdlr# >> cius `nut

tiutlìbs olctbicclr kês onbctlcnct klux oiolcts kl alttl vbl

nhbtâl iò d(bc`dulcal kl Hbaâric sl dbthrncklolct slctbr# Bd c(lst

pns lc l``lt kl prluvl pdus âadntnctl kl d(nutirbtâ cic sludl/

olct dbttârnbrl$ onbs oirndl$ lxlraâl pnr dub sur tiutl alttl

hâcârntbic k(jiools$ lt kl d(nknptntbic sbchudbêrl kl quldquls/

ucls kl sls `nèics kl plcslr nvla dls dlurs# Qnbct Nuhustbc

âtnbt câ k(uc pêrl pnélc lt k(ucl oêrl ajrâtblccl$ snbctl Oi/

cbqul# Qic âkuantbic d(nvnbt tbrâ kncs dls klux slcs$ lt lddl

lxpdbqul plut/çtrl lc pnrtbl dls vbabssbtukls lt dls kâajbrlolcts

kl sn vbl# Ic nvnbt viudu lc `nbrl í dn ìbs uc pri`lsslur kl

rjâtirbqul lt uc snbct# Bd ùt d(uc nprês d(nutrl# Onbs al qub lst

í citlr$ a(lst qul d(bc`dulcal kl Abaâric sur Nuhustbc cl kibt

pns çtrl obsl nu cioerl kls bc`dulcals pnélccls# Kncs dls klux

abraicstncals$ nuxqulddls cius `nbsbics nddusbic$ bd ùt d(nhlct

k(ucl râcivntbic oirndl$ dl `nobdblr bcnttlcku kls kâeuts k(ucl

aicvlrsbic#

Qnbct Nuhustbc n kbx/clu` ncs# >> lst âtukbnct lt s(nenckiccl

í tiutls dls kbssbpntbics# Onbs pnrob dls dbvrls qul dls pri/

hrnools d(iedbhlct í dbrl sl triuvl PJirtlcsbbbs kl Abaâric#

A(âtnbt uc âdihl kl dn pjbdisipjbl âarbt í uc oiolct iò Abaâric

ajlrajnbt sbcaêrlolct lc lddl uc rlùhl í sic klubd kl pêrl# Als

pnhls âouls cl sict pibct pnrvlculs gusqu(í cius# Qnbct Nu/

hustbc n rnaictâ kncs dls Aic`lssbics *>" d(boprlssbic qu(bd lc

rlèut# Al qub dl `rnppl$ al c(lst pibct dn `nèic kl kbrl kl d(âarb/

vnbc$ onbs al qu(bd kbt# >> s(nhbt eblc onbctlcnct piur dub kl

*>" Qnb3t Nt*6us[b#C$ Aic`#$ BBB$ ;/<6 A`# PBBB$ 8#



>8= DL ABALUICBNCBQOL N\ BP½ QBÊADL#

prlckrl kl Abaâric ucl dlèic k(kGiqulcal# Al dbvrl d(n trncs/

ìroâ lt n tiurcâ sic íol vlrs Kblu# \cl rlaiccnãt pdus sls slc/

tbolcts cb sls kâsbrs# « [iut í aiup s(nvbdbrlct í ols ylux olsvnbcls lspârncals$ lt gl erödnb nvla ucl nrklur bcariynedl kl

pissâklr [booirtlddl snhlssl# Lt kâgí gl ol dlvnbs$ Qlbhclur$

piur nddlr vlrs vius$ ¶ ]dus tnrk bd npprlckrn í kbstbchulr lctrl

dn snhlssl qu(lcslbhclct dls jiools lt alddl kl Gâsus/Ajrbst#

Onbs$ piur d(bcstnct$ a(lst aiool uc bcstbcat qub d(âdêvl nu/klssus

kl tiutls dls kbsaussbics k(âaidl lt dl `nbt nspbrlr í dn snhlsslvârbtnedl# \cl sludl ajisl dub sloedl oncqulr nu dbvrl kl

Abaâric 7 dl cio ku Ajrbst c(y lst pns# Aiool bd cl piuvnbt

huêrl lspârlr d(y triuvlr$ cl dub `nbrl qul al rlpriajl a(lst

lc `nbrl dl pdus eld âdihl qu(ic pubssl nttlckrl k(uc ajrâtblc#

Onbs d(âkuantbic ontlrclddl n dnbssâ kncs Nuhustbc ucl trnal sb

priìckl qul$ sncs qu(bd s(lc rlckl tiut í `nbt aioptl$ rblc sncs

dl Ajrbst cl plut pdus dl sntbs`nbrl# ]iur râpickrl nux slarêtls

nspbrntbics kl sic åol$ bd iuvrl kica dls Larbturls nuxqulddls

bd sl triuvl nbcsb qul a(lst Abaâric qub d(n aickubt# Onbs d(jlurl

c(âtnbt pibct vlcul piur dub k(lc hiötlr dn oystbqul sbopdb/

abtâ# Lt Abaâric alttl ìbs vn slrvbr dub/oçol í kâ`nbrl dl

eblc qu(bd nvnbt `nbt# Anr a(lst lctrl sic stydl lt dl stydl kls

Larbturls qu(Nuhustbc sl olt í âtnedbr ucl aiopnrnbsic `å/

ajlusl piur dls Larbturls lt qub$ piur dichtlops lcairl$ d(lc

kâtiurclrn#

Ic piurrnbt aribrl$ lc dbsnct als dbhcls âarbtls í ucl hrnckl

kbstncal kls âvâclolcts qu(lddls rnaictlct$ qul dl tlops n hrissb

lt krnontbsâ dls boprlssbics sur dlsqulddls bd lst pnssâ$ aiool

bd `nbt siuvlct piur tiutls alddls qu(bd c(ld[nal pibct# Onbs$ s(bd

lst ucl ajisl qul d(âvçqul qub `nbt í Kblu sn aic`lssbic c(lst

pibct pirtâ í lxnhârlr$ a(lst al qu(bd kibt í Abaâric# Dn arbtbqul

kâ`bnctl qub tblckrnbt í `nbrl kncs al râabt dn pnrt ku oiolctiò bd n âtâ aiopisâ cl klvrnbt kica kiutlr qul kls rlstrbatbics$

sb `nbedls siblct/lddls$ nppirtâls pnr snbct Nuhustbc nu tâoib/



>85 DL ABHÂUICBNCBQOL N\ BP QBÊADL#

cius nvics oictrâ qul alttl rldbhbic lst kâgí ajrâtblccl#

Qnbct Nuhustbc c(n kica pns í riuhbr klvnct Kblu kl sic nkob/

rntbic piur Abaâric# Bd lst uc kl sls ncaçtrls oirnux$ lt í sn

oncbêrl$ dub nussb$ uc ]êrl kl d(Lhdbsl#

[rlbzl ncs pdus tnrk$ snbct Nuhustbc$ nprês dls bcalrtbtukls$

dls aioents qul Bic snbt$ n vu lc`bc$ « sl kbssbplr dls cunhls kl

sls kiutls *>" ¶# Aiool d(nccâl saidnbrl s(najlvnbt$ bd kâadnrl

nux onhbstrnts kl Obdnc$ iò bd iaaupnbt ucl ajnbrl i``bablddl$

qu(bds nurnblct í sl piurvibr n k(uc nutrl vlcklur kl pnridls *5" ¶

>> vn lopdiylr dls dibsbrs qu(bd s(lst `nbt nbcsb í sl prâpnrlr nu%

enptçol qu(bd kibt rlalvibr kls onbcs k(Noeribsl quldquls oibs

nprês# Bd sl rltbrl í Anssbabnauo$ kncs ucl onbsic kl anopnhcl

qu(uc kl sls nobs dub prçtl# Bd s(y rltbrl nvla sn oêrl$ nvla sic

`bds$ lt quldquls kbsabpdls$ rândbsnct uc rçvl kl vbl aiooucl

qu(bd nvnbt `iroâ quldqul tlops nupnrnvnct *1"# ]dusblurs iu/

vrnhls kl snbct Nuhustbc kntlct kl alttl rltrnbtl í Anssbabnauo#

\s cius kbslct nsslz qulddl vbl ic y olcnbt$ lt quld âtnbt dl

aiurs irkbcnbrl kls plcsâls lt kls kbsaussbics# Qb ic ajlrajnbt

í lc klvbclr dls suglts$ ic bonhbclrnbt quldqul ajisl kl slo/

ednedl nux Aic`lssbics lddls/oçols iu í PBobtntbic# Qb ic sl

kloncknbt í qulddl siural pubsnblct als ajrâtblcs kncs d(nttlctl

ku enptçol$ ic plcslrnbt nux âpbtrls kl snbct ]nud$ kl al

snbct ]nud kict quldquls pnridls jlurluslolct nppriprbâls

vlcnblct kl `nbrl dn aicquçtl kâ`bcbtbvl kl d(åol k(Nuhustbc$ iu

nu dbvrl k(Bsnél$ kict Noeribsl aicsudtâ dlur rlaiooncknbt

tiut pnrtbaudbêrlolct dn dlaturl *;"# Ic cl plcslrnbt alrtls pns

í Abaâric$ pns pdus qu(ic cl suppislrnbt qul snbct Nuhustbc n

ajibsb aloiolct kl sn vbl piur âarbrl kls kbndihuls pdnticbablcs

aictrl kls kbsabpdls kl ]dntic#

*>" Qnbct Nbhdstbc$ Aic`#$ Obd$ >5#

*5" X#$ BZ$ <#

*1" Bk#$ PB$ >;#

*;" O$ BZ$ <#



QNBC[ GÂUÛOL L[ QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC KBQAB]DLQ KL ABAÂUIC# >81

Cius klvics piurtnct$ pnr tiut al qub n âtâ kbt gusqu(bab$ çtrl

prâpnrâs í aioprlckrl dls rnppirts kl dn pjbdisipjbl lt kl dn

rldbhbic$ [ucl slrvnct í d(nutrl k(bctrikuatbic# Kl sirtl qul dls

kbsaussbics pjbdisipjbquls icb dlur pdnal tiutl onrquâl kncs

dls lxlrabals k(uc civbabnt aiool aldub kict Nuhustbc lst

d(íol# Kl pdus dn arbsl qu(bd vblct dub/oçol kl trnvlrslr n âtâ$

piur ucl eiccl pnrt$ ucl arbsl bctlddlatulddl$ ucl entnbddl k(bkâls

lt kl systêols# Ir$ k(nprês sls priprls nvlux$ lctrl tiutls dls

pjbdisipjbls$ alddl kls nankâobablcs d(nvnbt piur uc tlopssâkubt *b"# Lddl cl sâkubsnbt pns qul dub$ lt cius nvics kâgí

vu *5" qul$ pnr al qu(lddl nvnbt k(bckâabs lt kl `uynct$ lddl aic/

vlcnbt í tius dls lsprbts jâsbtncts$ qub âtnblct ndirs dâhbic# Cius

nvics vu lc oçol tlops qul dl pnhncbsol$ lc quçtl k(nddbâs$

tlcnbt í `nbrl eic oâcnhl nvla lddl# Bd âtnbt$ kica cnturld qu(nus/

sbtût sirtb ku kiutl Nuhustbc sl rltiurcåt aictrl alttl kiatrbcl

kl kiutl$ aiool piur kbsautlr aictrl sic priprl pnssâ lt lcslaiulr dls rlstls# Bd âarbvbt nbcsb tribs kbndihuls Aictrl dls

nankâobablcs# ‛ ]ubs dl kihol kl dn ]rivbklcal dub pnrut çtrl$

aiool í Obcuabus @âdbx$ aiool í Dnatncal$ sur dls `rictbêrls

aiooucls kl dn pjbdisipjbl lt kl dn rldbhbic# Bd sloedl qul

d(ic aioolcal k(çtrl ajrâtblc qunck ic d(n naalptâ# Aicvlrtb

k(jblr$ snbct Nuhustbc aioolcal lt `nbt aioolcalr sls nobs pnr

al aioolcalolct# Bd lctrlprlck kica uc trnbtâ Qur ] Irkrl ku

oickl#$ qub sl ajnchl$ í ob/ajlobc$ lc uc trnbtâ Qur d(irkrl kls

âtukls# ^unck ic n âtâ pri`lsslur$ ic dl `nbt tiugiurs vibr$

lt ic olt kl dn pâknhihbl pnrtiut# ‛ Lc`bc dl priedêol ku

siuvlrnbc eblc$ qub nvnbt dnssâ dn plcsâl nctbqul$ `nbsnbt pnrtbl

kl d(jârbtnhl dâhuâ nu ajrbstbncbsol pnr dn pjbdisipjbl# Onbs

dl ajrbstbncbsol nppirtnbt ucl sidutbic ciuvlddl$ irbhbcndl$

boprâvul$ dn ariyncal í d(booirtndbtâ# Dl priedêol âtnbt

pnélc$ dn sidutbic âtnbt ajrâtblccl# Bd y nvnbt dí uc pnssnhl tiut

*>" Qnbct Ndhdstb#c$ Aic`#$ P$ >=#

*5" Pibr al qub n âtâ kbt í pripis kl RIatnvbus#



>8; DL ABAÂUICBNOQOL N\ BP( QBÊADL#

trnaâ kl dn pjbdisipjbl í jb ìb# [iutlìbs$ aiool s(bd cl viudnbt

pns neuslr kl alttl sidutbic `nabdl$ snbct Nuhustbc rlstl pdutût

lc klèí ku ajrbstbncbsol lt ku aûtâ kl dn pjbdisipjbl# >> `nbt

aicsbstlr dl siuvlrnbc eblc kncs dn snhlssl qul kês bab/ens

cius piuvics nttlbckrl6 onbs bd `nbt$ bd lst vrnb$ aicsbstlr

alttl snhlssl kncs dn pisslssbic kl Kblu# Lt í alttl kbsslrtntbic

tiutl adnssbqul bd kiccl al tbtrl adnssbqul 7 Kl dn vbl jlurluslS

qul Dnatncal nvnbt kâgí bctrikubt kncs dl vianeudnbrl ajrâtblc#

‛ Dl ajibx kl als suglts sl gustb`bl kica# Bd c(lc rlstl pns

oibcs quldqul âticclolct kncs citrl lsprbt qunck cius

viyics kbsautlr pnr snbct Nuhustbc kls qulstbics aiool

alddls/ab 7 « Dn ìrtucl lst/lddl câalssnbrl nu snhl9 ‛ R n/t/bd

ucl plralptbic vrnbl9 ‛ ]iuvics/cius tiugiurs rlùslr

citrl nsslctbolct 9 qunck cius dl viyics s(lc prlckrl í

Anrcânkl iu bcviqulr Wlcic# Bd cius sloedl qul cius

siools lc rltnrk kl quldqulssbêadls# Lt$ lc l``lt$ dn spâ/

audntbic c(n huêrl nvncaâ lc Iaabklct klpubs quntrl alcts

ncs# Lddl nttlcknbt qul dl ajrbstbncbsol$ qul snbct Nuhustbc

dub/oçol dn rlciuvldåt# Pibdí aioolct bd sl `nbt qul$ sb

cius c(âtbics nvlrtbs pnr quldquls kbspnrntls kl stydl iu kl

plcsâl$ cius piurrbics prlckrl dls kbndihuls Aictrl dls nan/

adâ9"bbablcs piur ucl őuvrl aictlopirnbcl kls Nankâobquls

kl Abaâric#

Ngiutics qul sb al rnppriajlolct s(bopisl í cius$ a(lst qul

snbct Nuhustbc n viudu qu(bd s(bopisåt# Abaâric$ tld lst$ lc l``lt$

dl oikêdl qu(bd cl alssl k(nvibr kncs d(lsprbt# Cic sludlolct dls

suglts trnbtâs$ onbs dn obsl lc saêcl ku kbndihul$ dl tic kl dn

kbsaussbic$ tiut `nbt plcslr í dub# Dn dnchul lddl/oçol lst pdus

abaâricblccl$ a(lst/í/kbrl oibcs jlurtâl$ oibcs pdlbcl kl câi/

dihbsols qul alddl kls Aic`lssbics pnr lxlopdl# O# Eibssblr$

kict ic kbrnbt qu(bd n vâau alttl vbl kl Anssbabnauo$ tlddlolct bd

cius dn `nbt rlvbvrl$ n rlonrquâ pdnbsnoolct qul snbct Nuhustbc

piussl d(bobtntbic kl Abaâric gusqu(í aioolttrl sic pâajâ



QNBC[ GÂUÛOL L[ QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC KBQAB]DLQ KL ABHÂUIC# >8<

`nobdblr$ dl pâajâ k(irhulbd *>"# Bd sl `nbt nkrlsslr lc l``lt$ pnr

uc kl sls bctlrdiautlurs kl als aiopdbolcts qu(lctrl ùturs

snbcts ic klvrnbt dnbsslr kl aûtâ# [iutl dn aictrivlrsl tiurcl

nutiur kls ipbcbics$ kls nrhuolcts kl Hbaâric$ Dirsqu(ic dl

râùtl$ a(lst lc dl aiuvrnct kl `dlurs *5"# Ic dl suppdbl nvla

âoitbic kl rlcicalr í siutlcbr ucl slatl qub ûtl í dn aickubtl

tiut ìcklolct nssurâ$ aicsâqulcal í dnqulddl ic sl rlùsl í

aribrl qul sic jiccçtltâ aicslctl *1"# Ic d(npplddl « citrl

Abaâric *;" ¶# Bd lst kbt kl dub lc`bc qu(bd n bcnuhurâ í Uiol dn

pjbdisipjbl lt d(n pirtâl ku prloblr aiup í dn plr`latbic *<"#

Qnbct Nuhustbc hnrkn/t/bd tiugiurs als slctbolcts í d(âhnrk

kl Abaâric9 Kncs dls Aic`lssbicsS bd pnrdl nvla quldqul kâknbc

kls iaaupntbics kl Anssbabnauo *0"# Lt í uc nob qub dub klonc/

klrn kls rlcslbhclolcts sur Abaâric$ bd tâoibhclrn k(neirk kl

d(juolur qu(ic sl siuvblccl trip kl sic ncablc oâtblr$ snu` í

râpickrl lcsubtl aiool uc jiool qub c(n rblc iuedbâ *8g# Bd

s(bcspbrlrn kl Abaâric kncs sic trnbtâ Kl dn Kiatrbcl ajrâtblccl$

iò bd lssnyl piurtnct kl `nbrl í ucl dbttârnturl ciuvlddl sn pdnal

kncs d(âkuantbic$ kncs d(âkuantbic kls adlras tiut nu oibcs# Bd

andqulrn dls rêhdls kl dn rjâtirbqul ajrâtblccl sur alddls kl dn

rjâtirbqul kl Abaâric# Bd kbstbchulrn dub nussb tribs stydls 7 dl

stydl sbopdl$ dl stydl `dlurb$ lt dl stydl suedbol$ lt kloncklrn$

tiugiurs aiool Abaâric$ qul d(irntlur snajl bcstrubrl$ pdnbrl

lt aicvnbcarl *:"# K(nbddlurs$ s(bd lopructl kls rêhdls í d(nctbqubtâ$

bd aictbcul nussbí dub lopructlr kls oikêdls# Bd plcsl dí/klssus$

aiool snbct Gârûol$ qu(bd `nut prlckrl sic eblc iò ic dl triuvl$

*>" EibssbLU$ Dn `bc ku pnhncbsol$ t# B$ p# 185#

*5" Qnbct Ndhdstbc$ Aictrn Nanklobais$ >>>$ 8#

*1g bk#$ o$ >0#

*;" Bk#$ B$ 1#

*k" Bk#$ >$ 1#

*=" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Aic`#$ BZ$ ;#

*8" Qnbct Ndhustbc$ Lp#$ AZP\ lt AZPB\#

*:" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl kiadr# ajrbst#$ BP#



ABAÂUIC N\ OIRLC ÅHL# >8(

Abaâric nu oiylc åhl#

D(őuvrl k(Noeribsl n âtâ onbctlcnct rlpdnaâl pnr cius

kncs sic vârbtnedl obdblu$ lctiurâl kl tiutls alddls qub ict ieâb

nu oçol aiurnct$ í dn oçol bcspbrntbic# Al aiurnct cl s(nr/

rçtn pns í snbct Noeribsl$ cb oçol í snbct Nuhustbc$ lt bd y

nurnbt ucl âtukl bctârlssnctl í `nbrl sur d(bc`dulcal kl Abaâric

nu oiylc åhl#

Dl oikêdl lc slrnbt `iurcb pnr dl dbvrl kl Aiopnrlttb sur

Pbrhbdl *>"# Kncs dls abtntbics qu(bd `nbt kls nutlurs kls prloblrs

sbêadls$ Aiopnrlttb rlcaictrl siuvlct dls cios kl Pbrhbdl

lt kl Abaâric naaiupdâs# Pbrhbdl lt Abaâric$ tlddls sict dls

klux kbvbcbtâs dbttârnbrls qub ict triuvâ pdnal kncs d(irntibrl

k(Ndlxnckrl Qâvêrl *5"# Dlurs klux hdibrls sict pnrnddêdls# [nc/

kbs qul Abaâric lst dl pjbdisipjl$ d(irntlur pnr lxalddlcal$ Pbr/

hbdl lst dl piêtl cntbicnd$ dl ajnctrl kl dn hdibrl rionbcl# Dl

audtl kl Pbrhbdl âtnbt ucl `irol ku pntrbitbsol# ]ubs Pbrhbdl

âtnbt pnssâ dub nussb dbvrl kl adnssl# Dls hrnoonbrblcs d(nvnblct

nkiptâ$ lt bd c(lst pns kl pntricnhl qub pirtl pdus dibc# Bd y lut

ajlz dls ajrâtblcs í sic suglt uc oiolct k(bckâabsbic# Onbsqunck ic lut kâaiuvlrt qul Pbrhbdl nvnbt nccicaâ dn vlcul ku

Ajrbst *1"$ dls ajrâtblcs trbiopjêrlct kl rnvbr nbcsb nu pnhncbsol

sn hdibrl dn pdus purl# Dls pnélcs nvnblct `nbt kl Pbrhbdl uc pjb/

disipjl 6 dls ajrâtblcs rlcajârbrlct nu pibct k(iuedblr qu(bd âtnbt

surtiut uc piêtl# Bds dub nppdbquêrlct dl systêol kl d(bctlrprâ/

tntbic nddâhirbqul nvla dlquld ic `nbt kbrl nux hlcs tiut al qu(ic

siujnbtl qu(bds nblct kbt# Lt Pbrhbdl klvbct dl snvnct ucbvlrsld$

#>6 Aiopnrlttb$ Pbcg\bi cld bclbdbi lbi$ 5 vid#$ Dbviurcl$ >:85#

5g Dnoprbkl$ Ndlx# Qlb#$ 1=#

b1. Pibr Qnbct NbADQ[bC$ Lp#$ AZZZPBB$ >5#

\QBP@UQB[Â KL DyIC# ‛ PddB# N# $ >5



>8: DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ BP( QBLADL#

d(jiool prlsqul surcnturld qul Kncdl prlckrn piur hubkl#

Lt cius cl pnrdics pns bab ku Pbrhbdl kict d(bonhbcntbic pipu/

dnbrl$ tiut lctbêrl nux jbstibrls kl onhbl$ s(lopnrn$ lt kncs

dlquld bd klvbct eblctût bopissbedl kl rlaiccnãtrl Pbrhbdl *>"#

Dl slud hrnck âarbvnbc qub$ nvla Abaâric$ pjbdisipjn lc

prisl dntbcl$ Qâcêqul$ klvbct nussb ucl sirtl k(nutlur pblux *5"#

Onbs sn râputntbic n ucl jbstibrl pdus oiuvlolctâl lt kut

lcairl pdus nux ajrâtblcs# Nprês nvibr âtâ uc ieglt k(lchiul/

olct$ dl stydl í dn Qâcêqul âtnbt lc enbssl kncs d(ipbcbic kls

rjâtlurs$ ‛ lt pnr subtl Qâcêqul dub/oûol# Dls ajrâtblcs cl

tbrêrlct pns í lux alttl `ibs ucl hdibrl tiutl `nbtl$ bds snuvêrlct

ucl hdibrl aiopriobsl# \cl dâhlckl$ câl ic cl snbt aioolct$

nvnbt `nbt kl Qâcêqul dl kbsabpdl kl snbct ]nud# Dls ajrâtblcs$

qub ajlrajnblct í olttrl kl dlur aûtâ kl hrncks cios$ sl

gltêrlct sur alttl dâhlckl lt lurlct í aőur kl `nbrl nussb hrnck

qul pissbedl dl cio kl d(nddbâ qub dlur vlcnbt# Citlz qul cius

siools í ucl âpiqul iò dn arbtbqul jbstirbqul c(lxbstl pns$ lt

qul dn oirndl kl Qâcêqul kiccnbt pdutût í d(jypitjêsl ajrâtblccl

quldqul vrnbsloedncal# Qnbct Gârûol dl aioptn kica nu cioerl

kls âarbvnbcs laadâsbnstbquls# Lt plcknct kiuzl sbêadls al `ut

ucl trnkbtbic bcaictlstâl# Dl slaick aicabdl kl [iurs bcviqul

ucl pjrnsl kl Qâcêqul aiool uc tlxtl snarâ# D(nutlur kl

Pdobtndbic dl abtl# Lt Gislpj kl Onbstrl$ lc pdlbc xvo(( sbêadl$

npprbt dl dntbc kncs uc dbvrl bctbtudâ 7 Qâcêqul ajrâtblc$ rlaulbd

kl quldquls/ucls kls slctlcals ku pjbdisipjl rionbc# O# Onrtjn

rnaictl ucl jbstibrl pdus âtrnchl 7 dn oirt lt d(npitjâisl kl

Qâcêqul rlprâslctâls kncs uc tjâåtrl kl onrbicclttls$ lc

Lspnhcl$ nu aioolcalolct kl al sbêadl# Dls onrbicclttls sict

kls tâoibcs `bkêdls kls trnkbtbics pipudnbrls# Onbs dls onrbic/

*b" Pibr lc pnrtbaudblr Dls `nbat+ olrvlbddlux kl Pbrhbddl$ rlprikubt pnr

Aiopnrlttb$ t# BB$ p# 50; lt slq#

*5" P(ibr Onrtjn$ Qoêqul *Qâncals lt trnvnux kl rNankâobl kls sablcals

oirndls lt pibkbqul3S$ >:2>$ >(%( slbc#"#



ABAÂUIC N\ OIRLC ÅHL# >82

clttls rltnrklct aiool dls dbvrls kl adnssl# Klpubs dl xvb« sbêadl$

Qâcêqul c(lst pdus ajrâtblc$ ku oibcs piur dls hlcs eblc bcìr/

oâs# Qn hdibrl$ rlklvlcul dnéqul$ c(n pns siu``lrt kl al ajnc/

hlolct# Nu xvc% sbêadl$ ic n lcairl uc Qâcêqul sur sn tnedl#

\c jiool$ qub piurtnct c(nbol pns dls ncablcs$ Klsanrtls$ dl

dbt lt dl `nbt dbrl# [iutlìbs bd aioolcal í klvlcbr susplat í dn

oirndl ajrâtblccl# Ic pnrdl oibcs kl dub gusqu(í al qul Kbklrit

aribl dl kâaiuvrbr lt s(lc `nssl ucl nrol# Lt Qâcêqul pnssl

ndirs í RLcayadipâkbl# Bd âtnbt kncs dn klstbcâl kl al pjbdisipjl$

rlonrqul O# Onrtjn$ k(lxabtlr dls pnssbics lt kl c(çtrl gnonbs

guhâ `ribklolct#

Qb cius gltics sur d(jbstibrl kl als hdibrls uc rnpbkl aiup

k(őbd$ a(lst piur âvbtlr kl pnrnãtrl aribrl qul dl oiylc åhl `bt

ucl lxalptbic piur Abaâric lc sl siuvlcnct kl dub# Bd lc lst plu

alplcknct kict bd sl siuvbct nutnct# Dls ]êrls kl d(Lhdbsl d(y

nbknblct# Dl oiylc åhl nbol dls tlxtls$ lt alux kl Abaâricabtâs pnr dls ]êrls dub sloednblct rlvçtus k(ucl kiuedl nutirbtâ#

Ircics snvics qul dls ]êrls dub lc ìurcbssnblct neicknoolct#

BB dls aiddlatbiccn lt dls rlssnssn# Dl pdus du nu oiylc åhl$ cic

sludlolct kl tius dls ]êrls$ onbs kl tius dls âarbvnbcs$ qulds

qu(bds siblct$ ùt snbct Nuhustbc# Nussb dls kbndihuls âarbts í

Anssbabnauo ùrlct/bds piur kl cioerlusls hâcârntbics uc

râplrtibrl kl kiatrbcls lc oçol tlops qu(ucl dlèic prntbqul

kl kbndlatbqul *d"# Ircics snvics qu(bds âtnblct pdlbcs kl Abaâric#

]iur dls bkâls oirndls surtiut$ dl oiylc åhl$ kict d(bcvlctbic

lst tiurcâl k(uc nutrl aûtâ$ dls vlut tiutls `nbtls# Q(bd lc n í

dub$ a(lst ondhrâ dub# Lt$ s(bd dls nvnbt aicculs$ bd dls löt aickno/

câls# Anr bd pdnal dn vârbtâ$ dn vârbtâ oirndl pdus qul tiutls dls

nutrls$ kncs al qub lst âarbt klpubs dichtlops# \cl râ`dâajbt pns$

bd cl s(bcqubêtl pns$ bd aiopbdl# Qn aicsablcal lst kncs sls

rlaulbds ebhnrrâs kl slctlcals$ kncs sls « obribrs ¶# A(lst ucl

*>" Pibr Lelrt$ )ii# ab)#$ t# d$ p# 50>#



>:= DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ BP% QBLADL#

aicsablcal « dbvrlsqul ¶# Lt aldn nuholctl [bopib tncal kls

bobtntbics kl Abaâric qub cius ict iaaupâs gusqu(bab$ aiool

kl alddl qub cius iaauplrn lcairl# Dl rltlctbsslolct lc slrn

bcdbcb kncs kls åols kiabdls lt riutbcbêrls# ]nr lddls quldqul

ajisl kl dn plcsâl pnélccl lst lctrâ kncs dn suestncal oirndl

kict sl sict ciurb(bs kbx sbêadls kl ajrâtblcs#

Ngiutlz qul dls ]êrls sl triuvlct rlaiooncklr ondhrâ lux

uc nutlur kict dl cio rlvblct sncs alssl kncs dlurs őuvrls# Bds

ìct kl dn râadnol piur dub$ oûol lc dl aioenttnct# Nussb dl

oivlc åhl s'nkrlssn/t/bd kbrlatlolct í Abaâric$ lt cic pdus

sludlolct pnr dlur bctlroâkbnbrl# ]iur olsurlr al qu(bd dub kibt$

bd `nukrnbt pâcâtrlr kncs uc oiylc åhl lcairl plu aiccu# Anr

bd `nut eblc kbrl qul cius cl aiccnbssics kl alttl dbttârnturl qul

dls őuvrls k(lxalptbic$ alddls qub sloedlct rlhnrklr ku aûtâ

kl d(lsprbt oiklrcl# Dls iuvrnhls dls pdus râpnckus nu oiylc

åhl cl sict pns câalssnbrlolct dls iuvrnhls ku oiylc åhl dls

pdus râpnckus nugiurk(jub# Lt rblc cl cius nttbrl vlrs als oirn/

dbstls sncs irbhbcndbtâ$ pdnhbnbrls pnr systêol$ qub vâaurlct lc

pnrtbl sur citrl nutlur# Cius nvics alplcknct kl dn vihul kl

Abaâric kls tâoibhcnhls su``bsncts# Aioeblc bd lut kl dlatlurs$

dls cioerlux oncusarbts kl sls iuvrnhls qub cius sict pnr/

vlcus lc ìct ìb# Bd c(y n huêrl kl oicnstêrl iu k(neenyl

qub c(lc pissêkl quldquls/ucs *>"# Al sict surtiut kls oncus/

arbts k(iuvrnhls iò Abaâric trnbtl kl dn rjâtirbqul$ lt$ s(bd c(löt

âtâ dl onãtrl bcaictlstâ kl alt nrt$ bd `nut eblc nviulr qul sn

oirndl löt lu uc oibckrl rlcio# Onbs dl Kl I``babbs vblct

lcairl$ piurdlcioerl kls oncusarbts$ lc uc eic rnch# Dlsiuvrn/

lls kbvlrs kl Abaâric sl siutblcclct nbcsb dls ucs dls nutrls# ]iur

dls dlatlurs ku oiylc åhl a(lst uc oârbtl k(çtrl pidyhrnpja#

Lcayadipâkbstl dub/oûol$ Abaâric âtnbt `nbt piur pdnbrl í kls

lcayadipâkbstls# Pbcalct kl Elnuvnbs$ qub `bt nu xbbb( sbêadl d(bc/

*>" Pibr D# \ldbsdl$ Dl anebclt kls oncusarbts kl dn Ebedbitjêqul cntbicndl#



ABAÂUIC N\ OIRLC ÅHL# >:>

vlctnbrê kl tiutls dls aiccnbssncals juonbcls$ olctbiccl prls/

qul tius sls iuvrnhls lt oçol quldquls npiarypjls#

Elnuaiup du$ Abalric lst elnuaiup abtâ lt siuvlct obs í

aictrbeutbic# >> y n í alt âhnrk aiool ucl trnkbtbic bcbctlr/

riopul klpubs snbct Noeribsl# Qndvblc$ nu P sbêadl$ kbsautl dls

ieglatbics nkrlssâls nu kihol kl dn ]rivbklcal nvla kls

nbSuolcts tbrâs kl Abaâric *>"# \c plu pdus tnrk$ @udhlcal

bobtl dl sichl kl Qabpbic *5"# Untjlr$ lc pdlbc oiylc åhl$ nu

x% sbêadl$ aribt lcairl ngiutlr í d(nutirbtâ kl alrtnbcls slctlcals

kls ]êrls lc dls aic`bronct pnr kls tlxtls kl Abaâric *1"#

Jbdklelrt aiopisl sn Oirndbs ]dbbdisipjbn nvla kls lxtrnbts ku

trnbtâ Kls Eblc`nbts kl Qâcêqul$ lt nussb ku trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs

kl Abaâric# Nu xcb(( sbêadl$ Glnc kl Qndbseury$ @nutlur kl [uc

kls dbvrls dls pdus râpnckus nu oiylc åhl$ dl ]idbarntbqulS yrlprlck alttl âtlrclddl qulstbic kl dn ]rivbklcal qul dl ajrbs/

tbncbsol triuvn kncs d(jârbtnhl pjbdisipjbqul kls stiéablcs# Ltbd sloedl lopructlr í Abaâric cic sludlolct dls ontârbnux

kl dn kbsaussbic$ onbs sls jâsbtntbics lt sic kiutl# « Nvla dls

nankâobablcs$ kbt/bd$ g(nbol oblux kiutlr kl tiut qul k(n``br/

olr ucl sablcal trioplusl$ lt kl kicclr í dn dâhêrl kls sidu/

tbics qul gl cl vibs pibct$ iu qul gl cl `nbs qu(lctrlvibr *;"# ¶

Kncs Abaâric lst lcairl d(irbhbcl kl d(ucl kls tjâirbls oirndls dls

pdus irbhbcndls kl Qndbseury$ dn tjâirbl ku tyrnccbabkl *i"# \c

nutrl âarbvnbc aâdêerl$ Glnc kl Oluch$ d(nutlur kl dn slaickl

pnrtbl ku Uionc kl dn UislS kibt í Abaâric klux kls kbhrls/

sbics kict dl tbssu `irol sic őuvrl 7 d(ucl sur dn vblbddlssl$

d(nutrl sur d(nobtbâ *0"# ]iur alddl/ab tiutl`ibs ic plut sl

*> g Kl rgujlrcntbicl ounkb#

*5" Oytjidibgbx#

*1" ]rwdi(gbkn#

*;" Qnused(ry$ @idbarnt#$ BZ$ 55#

*e" >> d(nvnbt lxpisâ kncs uc iuvrnhl plrku$ dl Kl lxbtu tyvntvwrbbo# bOnbs

dl ]idbarntbqul su``bt í cius dn `nbrl aiccnãtrl#

*0" Pibr Dnchdibs$ Irbhbcib lt siurals ku Uionc kl *n Uisl$TS# > bd lt slq#



>:5 DL ABAÂUIONCBQOL N\ BP QBÊADL#

kloncklr sb Glnc kl Oluch s(lst slrvb kbrlatlolct ku Kl Nobab/

tbn kl Hbaæric$ iu sludlolct k(uc dbvrl bcspbrâ kâgí kl aldub kl

Abaâric lt kict bd cius rlstl í pnrdlr#

Cius siools dibc k(nvibr âpubsâ dn dbstl kls nutlurs qub

kibvlct quldqul ajisl í Abaâric$ lt sb oçol cius nvics abtâ

kls cios$ al c(lst qu(í tbtrl k(lxlopdls# Onbs cius nvics

râslrvâ$ piur dls olctbicclr í pnrt$ klux őuvrls bobtâls kl

Abaâric$ í plu prês kncs dn oûol olsurl$ qub lst nsslz dnrhl$

qul dl dbvrl kl snbct Noeribsl sur dls Klvibrs# Dn prlobêrl$ dn

oibcs bctârlssnctl piur cius$ lst dl trnbtâ kl rjâtirbqul

k(Ndaubc *>"# Ndaubc rlcvibl dub/oûol$ piur qu(ic cl s(y triopl

pns$ nu Kl Bcvlctbicl kl Abaâric# Al qub lst í citlr$ a(lst qul$

aiool snbct Noeribsl$ bd sl `nbt uc klvibr k(ngiutlr kls lxlo/

pdls tbrâs kl dn Ebedl í tius dls lxlopdls qul Abaâric lopructl

í d(jbstibrl ncablccl# Dl oûol Ndaubc nvnbt âarbt uc pltbt trnbtâ

Qur dn vlrtu qub$ kncs dls oncusarbts$ `nbt subtl nu trnbtâ Kl dn

Ujâtirbqul# Bd y rlprikubsnbt dn kbvbsbic kls quntrl vlrtus anr/

kbcndls#

Dn slaickl őuvrl qul cius viudbics sbhcndlr lst kul í uc

neeâ nchdnbs ku xuS sbêadl$ Nldrlk# Nldrlk s(âtnbt âprbs ku dbvrl

kl Abaâric sur PNobtbâ#$ nvnct k(lctrlr nu adiãtrl# ]dus tnrk$

viudnct kicclr ucl tlbctl pdus ajrâtblccl nux slctbolcts qul

al dbvrl lxprbol$ bd âarbvbt dub/oûol tribs kbndihuls sur

RNobtbâ spbrbtulddl# Dldbus lt sls hlckrls sict rlopdnaâs pnr

Nldrlk dub/oûol aicvlrsnct nvla kls oibcls# Alt lxalddlct

neeâ nvnbt k(nbddlurs$ aiool Dldbus$ dn râputntbic k(çtrl dl

oikêdl kls nobs# Bd cl kbssboudl pns sls lopructs lt bd abtl

Abaâric í pdusblurs rlprbsls$ siuvlct nvla âdihl# Dn kbvbsbic

lc tribs kbndihuls$ qub trnbtlct suaalssbvlolct kl d(irbhbcl kl

d(nobtbâ$ kls eblc`nbts kl d(nobtbâ$ ku anrnatêrl kls vrnbs nobs$

c(nppirtl kncs d(lxpisbtbic qu(ucl nppnrlctl rbhulur# Kl oûol

*>" Kbsputntbi klrjltirban lt vbrdutbeus#



ABAÂUIC N\ OIRLC ÅHL# >:1

alrtnbcls âcuoârntbics kls klhrâs kl rnobtbâ$ kls qundbtâs

rlqubsls ajlz uc nob# Als prâtlctbics í dn prâabsbic cl sict

pns gustb`bâls 6 dl pdnc kl Hbaâric lst pdutût iesaurab# Onbs cius

rlaiccnbssics í ajnqul pnhl sls bkâls lt quldqulìbs sls pjrn/

sls# Al c(lst pibct d(bctârçt qub ìckl d(nobtbâ$ onbs dl elsibc

k(nbolr bcjârlct í dn cnturl juonbcl lt$ piur nbcsb kbrl$ í dn

cnturl tiut lctbêrl# Lctrl nobs d(nobtbâ cl cnãt pns kls slrvb/

als$ onbs dls slrvbals cnbsslct kl d(nobtbâ# [iutlìbs d(bcstbcat

pnrdl sb ìrt lc cius qu(ucl nobtbâ vrnbl plut cnãtrl$ trbio/

pjnct kl dn ensslssl kl sic irbhbcl$ lctrl hlcs qul d(bctârçt

slud nvnbt k(neirk rnppriajâs# Nldrlk râpêtl pdusblurs ìbs

alttl elddl plcsâl kl Abaâric qul d(nobtbâ$ kl pdusblurs åols$

c(lc `nbt qu(ucl# >> dn aiopnrl í ucl vlrtu$ í dn snhlssl$ aio/

pnrnbsic encndl kncs d(nctbqubtâ$ onbs qul dl oibcl qub

d(âaiutl n quldqul plbcl í aioprlckrl# D(nobtbâ lst citrl rls/

siural kncs dl ondjlur$ lddl ngiutl í cis pdnbsbrs uc pdnbsbr

kâdbant qub aicsbstl í dls pnrtnhlr nvla nutrub# Qic ajnrol

survbt í dn oirt$ lt lddl rlck prâslcts pnr dl siuvlcbr alux

qul cius nvics plrkus# N alux qub arnbhclct kl oudtbpdblr dlurs

siuabs$ lc y ngiutnct alux kl dlurs nobs$ Nldrlk râpick$ nvla

Abaâric$ qul als siuabs/dí sict al qub cius `nbt vbvrl lt qu(ucl

vbl sncs nobtbâ slrnbt aiool ucl tlrrl sncs sidlbd# ]ubs vblc/

clct dls ans kl aicsablcal kl d(nobtbâ 7 @lrn/t/ic dl ond piur

pdnbrl í uc nob9 [jâirbqulolct alttl qulstbic c(n pns kl rnbsickSçtra$ pubsqu(bd c(y n kl vrnbl nobtbâ qu(lctrl hlcs kl eblc#

Onbs pnr jiool kl eblc Nldrlk lctlck$ nvla Abaâric$ uc jioolpiurtnct lt cic uc snhl stiéablc6 lt ic aicèibt qul$ kncs dn

prntbqul$ citrl nobtbâ sibt pnrìbs obs(l í kl triuednctls âprlu/

vls# Bds sict kl Abaâric lc`bc als aicslbds sur d(nrt kl kâciulr

sncs âadnt kls dblcs klvlcus bcsuppirtnedls$ lt sur dl klubd kbsarlt

qu(bd aicvblct kl pirtlr kl als nobtbâs erbsâls# ‛ Nldrlk n

ngiutâ kl sic priprl ìck dls dichulurs$ dls rlkbtls lt ucl pnhl

sur dl enbslr# >> n tius dls kâ`nuts kl sic tlops# Onbs dl hiöt



>:; DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ BP% QBÊADL#

qu(bd n rlsslctb piur d(őuvrl kl Abaâric$ lt dl ajibx qu(bd n su

`nbrl$ piur sl dls nppriprblr$ kls pdus elddls plcsâls$ tâoibhclct

jnutlolct lc sn `nvlur#

N quib rlaiccnbt/ic uc ajrâtblc kncs sic őuvrl 9 ‛ >> âdb/

obcl tius dls lxlopdls pnélcs lt cl abtl aldub k(Irlstl lt kl

]ydnkl qul piur ngiutlr qul c(bopirtl quld ajrâtblc lc löt

`nbt nutnct# ]ubs bd ìckl sur d(nutirbtâ kls Larbturls tius dls

aicslbds kl Abaâric$ Cius snvics pnr sic priprl nvlu qul a(lst

dí uc ìcklolct ajlrajâ nprês aiup# Al c(lst pns d(Larbturl qub

dub n lcslbhcâ d(nobtbâ$ onbs bd löt kiutâ kl d(nobtbâ sb d(Larb/

turl cl [nvnbt nutirbsâ í y aribrl# ]iur dub lc`bc$ d(nobtbâ pnr/

`nbtl$ d(nobtbâ spbrbtulddl lst alddl qub n kncs dl Ajrbst sic prbc/

abpl lt sn `bc# Onbs al cl sict dí qul kls oits$ cius kbrbics

prlsqul kls prâanutbics irntibrls qul prlck lcvlrs dub/oçol

> pblux neeâ# Nprês nvibr obs sn aicsablcal í d(nbsl pnr als

kâadnrntbics$ bd sl dnbssl nddlr pdus dberlolct nu pdnbsbr kl plcslrnvla Abaâric# D(bobtntbic kl Abaâric n eircâ k(uc nutrl aûtâ

sn vul lt sn râ`dlxbic# Dls adiãtrls ict kö vibr âadirl tnct

k(nobtbâs$ lt kncs kls aickbtbics kl sb âtribtl bctbobtâ kl vbl lt

plcsâl# Nldrlk$ qub âarbt kncs uc adiãtrl$ `nbt eblc nddusbic í

als nobtbâs oicnstbquls# Onbs bd y nvnbt dí$ aiool ic kbt

nugiurk(jub$ uc dbvrl í `nbrl qu(bd c(n pns `nbt# Bd lst alplcknct

ucl bkâl ajrâtblccl qub dub lst tiugiurs prâslctl$ a(lst d(bkâl

k(ucbvlrslddl ajnrbtâ# Bd abtl dn pnridl ku Qnuvlur 7 « [u nbolrns

tic priajnbc aiool tib/oçol# ¶ Al c(lst pibct dí d(nobtbâ âdla/

tbvl lt lxadusbvl kls ncablcs$ lt bd sloedl eblc qul dn oirndl

ajrâtblccl cl olttl pns als klux slctbolcts sur dl oçol pblk$

onbs `nssl kl d(uc uc klvibr$ kl d(nutrl uc duxl oirnd *>"#

Nldrlk cl sl râsiut pns í al ajibx$ lt sls lxpdbantbics sict

loenrrnssâls# Lc rândbtâ klux tjâirbls oirndls sl aûtiblct

kncs sic dbvrl$ sncs sl ìckrl# ‛ Qb$ nprês nvibr du citrl pri/

*b" Pibr ajnpbtrl subvnct#



ABAÂUIC N\ OIRLC ÅHL# >:<

ajnbc ajnpbtrl$ ic sl siuvblct kl als quldquls rlonrquls$ bd

nppnrnãtrn qul alttl nknptntbic k(ucl őuvrl kl Abaâric$ vlcnct

jubt sbêadls nprês alddl kict snbct Noeribsl lst @nutlur$ lst

`nbtl kncs dl oçol lsprbt lt k(nprês dn oçol oâtjikl# Ir

Nldrlk n aiccu dls I``bals k(Noeribsl$ lt$ kncs dl trnbtâ oçol

qul cius vlcics k(ncndyslr$ bd dls abtl onbctls ìbs# û(lst/al í

kbrl$ sb al c(lst qul d(lxlopdl kl snbct Noeribsl nvnbt kâ`bcbtb/

vlolct `bxâ$ lt gusqul kncs dn olsurl lt kncs dl tic í hnr/

klr$ d(usnhl qu(uc âarbvnbc ajrâtblc piuvnbt `nbrl k(uc iuvrnhlnctbqul 9

Dn hdibrl kl Abaâric nu oiylc åhl cl slrnbt pns aiopdêtl

s(bd cl s(y âtnbt oçdâ uc plu kl `nctnbsbl lt kl dâhlckl *>"# û(bd

sibt dl rib kl dn rjâtirbqul$ a(lst ajisl lctlckul# ûldquls/ucs

vludlct oçol qu(bds d(nblct bcvlctâl *5"# Kloibslddl Ujâtirbqul$

kncs dn Pbsbic kâdlatnedlS őuvrl k(uc Lspnhcid ku xv'S sbêadl *1"$

dub onrqul k(bckbsautnedls prâ`ârlcals# Kâoistjêcl pnssl tiu/

giurs nprês dub# Bd n ucl râputntbic prlsqul âhndl lc tnct qul

pjbdisipjl# Ndnrs kl Anoernb$ nutlur íSvo# Uionc kls pjbdisi/

pjls$ dl olt nu/klssus kl Qndioic# Bd lst vrnb qul dl oçol

Ndnrs kl Anoernb `nbt kl [uddbus lt kl Abaâric klux plrsiccn/

hls$ lrrlur kict bd c(n oçol pns dl oicipidl# [uddbus lst nu

prloblr rnch kls snhls$ Abaâric c(lst qu(nu slptbêol# Onbs

c(lst/al pns dn vrnbl hdibrl k(çtrl nkobrâ pnr kls hlcs qub cic

sludlolct cl snvlct pns piurquib bds vius nkobrlct$ onbs

snvlct í plbcl vitrl cio9 A(lst tiut nu oibcs d(bckbal qu(ucl

hdibrl klvblct pipudnbrl# Lt qunck ic lst uc sb hrnck jiool$

ic lst eblc prês piur dl oiylc åhl k(çtrl pdus qu(uc jiool#

[iut al qub lst lxtrnirkbcnbrl bcspbrl í als tlops suplrstbtblux

*>" PibrHU#v@$ \ioncaddn oloirbu l caddl boonybcnzbicb kld olkbi lvi$ anpb/

tidi ZPBB# A(lst í alt nutlur qul cius lopructics dn pduggnrd kls `nbts qub

subvlct#

*5" @rn HbObi[[k$ @birl kb Ultdirfn#

*1" Ndìcsi kf b#n [bbffl#



>:0 DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ BPS QBFADL#

uc slctbolct kl pbâtâ# Lc iutrl bds cl oiralddlct pns dlur

nkobrntbic6 lt dí iò bds viblct ucl qundbtâ$ bds ariblct dls vibr

tiutls# Bds bkândbslct lc uc oit# ]nral qu(bd lst três âdiqulct$

Abaâric pissêkl d(iocbsablcal$ tiut aiool Pbrhbdl$ pnral

qu(bd lst uc p7rnck piêtl# ]lu s(lc `nddut qu(ic cl `ãt kl dub nussb

uc tjnuonturhl# Eiaanal rnaictl qu(ucl ìctnbcl obrnaudlusl$

prês kl ]iuzzidls$ pirtnbt dl cio kl ìctnbcl kl Abaâric# Bd onc/

qun í dn dâhlckl kl Abaâric$ piur qu(lddl prãt pdus k(nopdlur$ uc

tioelnu pdus iu oibcs nutjlctbqul nutiur kuquld lddl sl ìr/

oåt# ‛ û(bd `ãt iu cic kls obrnadls$ uc tld oirt cl piuvnbt

çtrl dnbssâ nu cioerl kls knocâs# Aicstnctbc nvnbt kâgí kiccâ

kl eiccls rnbsics lc sn `nvlur$ cius d(nvics vu *>"# Diup kl

@lrrbêrls *5" rnaictl qu(uc alrtnbc ]rieus olttnbt Abaâric$

Pbrhbdl lt quldquls nutrls nu cioerl kls Eblcjlurlux# Alttl ipb/

cbic s(naarâkbtn# Lt eblc pdus tnrk$ ]âtrnrqul kloncklrn piur

Abaâric dl tbtrl kl ]êrl kl d(Âhdbsl# Oibcslxbhlnct$ Lrnsol$ kncs

dn prâ`nal kls [usaudnclsS siutblct ku oibcs qu(bd lst snuvâ#

Dls jiools kldí Ulcnbssncal `nbddbrlct `nbrl tirt í Abaâric$

aiool ìct tiugiurs kls nkobrntlurs ondnkribts lt lxadusb`s#

Dl audtl suplrstbtblux kl dn dnchul `nbsnbt iuedblr dls bkâls

qu(lddl rlvçtnbt# Onbs bd y lut$ oçol ndirs$ abaâricblcs lt abaâ/

ricblcs *1"# Lt quibqul elnuaiup pdus tiuajâ pnr d(nrt kl

Abaâric qu(Ndaubc iu qul Diup$ Lrnsol lt Ourlt viynblct

nutrl ajisl kncs sls őuvrls# Ourlt `bt ucl dlèic k(iuvlrturl

tiut lxprês sur d(ucbic âtribtl kl dn ìrol lt ku ìck$ kl dn

rjâtirbqul lt kl dn pjbdisipjbl$ piur râpickrl nux rjâtlurs

qub prâtlcknblct qul dn rjâtirbqul sl su``bt í lddl/oçol *;"#

Lt bd n``latnbt k(lxpdbqulr kl prâ`ârlcal kncs sls dlèics dls

őuvrls pjbdisipjbquls kl Abaâric# Dl trnbtâ Kls KlvibrsS

*>" Oçol ajnpbtrl$ b#

*5" Dlttrl 5=#

*1" Pibr D`#cbfct$ Kl Elddi crlricbnci#

*;" Iatierl d\bG[# T(ibr Klgie$ Ourlt#



ABAÂUIC N\ OIRLC ÅHL# >:8

surtiut$ ùt ndirs d(ieglt k(ucl Gl(vitbic qub c(âtnbt pns sludlolct

dbttârnbrl# Ârnsol lc enbsnbt pbluslolct dl oncusarbt *>"# Dlxvb% sbêadl lc kiccn alct qunrnctl âkbtbics *5"# Dls pritlstncts

d(nkiptêrlct# Oâdncajtjic lc `bt uc dbvrl k(lcslbhclolct kncs

sls âaidls# Dutjlr dl aiopnrl í RÂtjbqbő k(Nrbstitl# Lt$ tnckbs

qul d(őuvrl k(Nrbstitl dub sloedl pdlbcl k(ucl gibl kl vbvrl

qu(bd cl snurnbt npprâablr$ bd slct kncs alddl kl Abaâric dn

onrqul k(uc jiool qub n duttâ lt siu``lrt *1"# Nu ùr lt í

olsurl quldn

oirndlnppnrnãt oibcs âtribtlolct dbâl í dn

rldbhbic$ dl prlstbhl kl alttl őuvrl hrnckbt# Dn oirndl qu(lddl

lxprbol n$ aiool alddl kl Qâcêqul$ al oârbtl$ qub aio/

olcal í çtrl hiötâ$ k(çtrl ucl oirndl dnéqul# Lt cius nurics

í cius kloncklr gusqu(í quld pibct alttl rlvncajl ku trnbtâ

Kls Klvibrs kl Abaâric sur d(őuvrl iuedbâl kl snbct Noeribsl

cl ùt pns ucl rlvncajl ku pnhncbsol dub/oçol sur dl

ajrbstbncbsol#

*>" Âr#Tsol$ Aiddiq# Aicv# Uldbh#

*5" Pibr Klsgnrkbcs$ dls Klvibrs$ aj# xb# Dl oçol nutlur rnpplddl qu(bd ùt

âkbtâ piur dn prlobêrl ìbs í Onylcal lc >;01$ lt qul$ d(boprbolrbl âtnct

aiccul í Uiol lc >;08$ í ]nrbs lc >;8=$ dn prlobêrl âkbtbic rionbcl qub

lc ùt kiccâl lst kl >;02$ dn prlobêrl âkbtbic pnrbsblccl kl >;8>#

*1" Pibr @rncaf k(Nrvlrt$ Dn pâknhihbl kl dn Ulcnbssncal {Ulvul kl rlcslb/

hclolct supârblur$ >::2$ t# d$ p# 11"#



AJN]B[UL P

DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ KLQ KLPIBUQ

• Dl trnbtâ « Kls Klvibrs •3 kl ]ncâtbus lt aldub kl Abaâric#

A(lst kl tribs trnbtâs Kls Klvibrs qul cius klvrbics pnrdlr$

lt cic kl klux# Anr lctrl aldub kl snbct Noeribsl lt aldub kl

Abaâric bd y n alttl prlobêrl rlssloedncal qu(bds sict [uc lt

[nutrl kls bobtntbics# Qnbct xToeribsl bobtl Abaâric# Onbs

Abaâric nvnbt bobtâ ]ncâtbus$ Kl sirtl qul dl dbvrl kl ]ncâtbus

lst dl oikêdl ku oikêdl kl citrl snbct$ lt qu(bd `nut ajlrajlr

gusqu(í dub [irbhbcl kl quldquls/ucls kls bkâls qu(bd lxprbol#

Al dbvrl lst plrku# Qlrnbt/bd bopissbedl kl dl rlaicstbtulr lc

pnrtbl9

Cius c(nvics$ sb cius viudics d(lssnylr$ qu(uc priaâkâ í

citrl kbspisbtbic$ qub lst kl kâkubrl kl d(őuvrl kl Abaâric al

qub cius pnrnãtrn dub nppnrtlcbr lc priprl# Onbs$ kl oçol qul

Abaâric n pu ngiutlr$ bd n pu nussb rltrncajlr# Citrl rlstbtutbic$

qub ûtlrn quldqul ajisl í ]ncâtbus$ cl dub rlckrn rblc# Ku rlstl

ic sl trioplrnbt ku tiut nu tiut lc `nbsnct í prbirb$ kncs dl trnbtâ

B"ls KlvibrsS dl kâpnrt kl tiut al qub lst prntbqul$ kl tiut al qub

lst rionbc piur d(nttrbeulr í Abaâric# ]ncâtbus lst uc kbsabpdl

nkiuab *>" kl Wlcic# Dn pnrâcâtbqul n klpubs dichtlops

*d"Obdbir$ Abaâric$ Kl S«b0«4s$ BP($ 5:#



>2= DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

trbiopjâ kl d(bctrncsbhlncal prbobtbvl kls kihols# Dl stié/

absol s(lst juoncbsâ piur aickubrl dls jiools# Lt ]ncâtbuslst uc kl alux qub ict irblctâ dl pdus clttlolct dn kiatrbcl$ kl

d(nestrnatbic$ vlrs dls rândbtâs kl dn vbl oirndl# Lc iutrl al

]ncâtbus n vâau í Uiol# Bd `bt pnrtbl kl al hriupl k(lsprbts

âdlvâs qul Qabpbic lt Dldbus râucbrlct nutiur k(lux# Dl gurbs/

aicsudtl Qaâvidn lc `nbsnbt pnrtbl nvla dub# Dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs

*87apT xnIû)#sv/776" `ut âarbt piur als jiools lt prlsqul âarbt pnr

lux# Bd âtnbt pdlbc kl dlurs bkâls aiooucls$ kl al qub dls iaau/

pnbt lt dls prâiaaupnbt# A(âtnbt kâgí ucl őuvrl rionbcl# Cius

slrbics tlctâs pnr lxlopdl k(nttrbeulr íAbaâric tiutls dls rêhdls

oirndls rldntbvls nu oâtblr k(nviant$ lt cius plrsbstics í

aribrl qu(bd s(lst aiopdu kncs alttl pnrtbl kl sn tåajl# Alplc/

knct dí oçol$ kl sic priprl nvlu$ bd bobtl ]ncâtbus$ qul sls

aicvlrsntbics nvla Qaâvidn sncs kiutl nvnblct nolcâ í sl

pislr kl als ans kl aicsablcal tiut pri`lssbicclds *>"# Dl hrnck

Uionbc qub n vnbcau Anrtjnhl$ Qabpbic$ tblct kl oçol kncs dl

dbvrl kl sic nob ]ncâtbus ucl pdnal pdus hrnckl qu(ic cl s(y

nttlckrnbt$ piur uc dbvrl âarbt lc hrla# Cic sludlolct sls

pnridls sict rlaulbddbls lt bcviquâls *5"$ onbs sls vlrtus sict

abtâls lc lxlopdl *1"# Qls vbatibrls cl d(lcrbajbrlct pns# Ir dls

hâcârnux rionbcs cl plrknblct pns d(jnebtukl kl dn vbatibrl$

onbs plrknblct$ pnrnãt/bd$ alddl ku kâsbctârlsslolct# Lc trnbtnct

kls qulstbics kl alttl cnturl$ ]ncâtbus `nbt nsslz vibr k(nbddlurs

í quld plupdl lt í quld puedba k(jiools câs piur aiooncklr

lt piur vnbcarl bd kâkbnbt sic dbvg(l# Bd c(lst qulstbic kncs

al dbvrl cb kls `lools$ cb kls lsadnvls$ cb kls pltbtls hlcs#

Onbs a(lst lcairl uc ans kl aicsablcal tiut rionbc$ tiut

pntrbablc qu(bd kbsautl$ qunck bd `bxl í d(jiool k(Ltnt ucl

olsurl piur sls kâplcsls k(nrt lt kl duxl$ aiool piur dls

*>" AbaÂUIC$ Kl i``#$ BB$ >;#

*5" Gk#$ B$ 50#

*1" X#$ BB$ 55#



DL [UNB[Â « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL ]NCÂ[B\Q L[ ALD\B KL ABAÂUIZ# >2>

prikbhndbtâs í `nbrl nu plupdl *>"# Abaâric nvnbt kica `irt plu

kl ajisl í `nbrl piur olttrl nu pibct al onculd kl vlrtu

pntrbablccl#

C(iuedbics pns alplcknct qu(nvnct kl oârbtlr nbcsb qul cius

dl cnturndbsbics Uionbc$ ]ncâtbus âtnbt uc pjbdisipjl stiéablc#

Al sict kls prbcabpls lt al sict kls ankrls qul Abaâric vblct

ajlrajlr ajlz dub# A(lst d(jnebtukl kl Abaâric kl prlckrl$ lc

`nbt kl pjbdisipjbl$ sic eblc iò bd dl triuvl# Onbs alttl `ibs bd

nvnbt eblc ajibsb# Anr dl dbvb/l kl ]ncâtbus nvnbt ucl tlddl râpu/tntbic$ qu(âtnct rlstâ bcaiopdlt$ plrsiccl c(isn dl aiopdâtlr#

Ic c(nvnbt piurtnct ndirs nuaucl bkâl kl dn priprbâtâ dbttârnbrl$

lt dls dbvrls pjbdisipjbquls kl Abaâric$ `nbts k(bobtntbics lt kl

trnkuatbics$ su``brnblct í dl priuvlr# Onbs$ kbt uc nkobrntlur

kl ]ncâtbus$ ic âtnbt rltlcu pnr al oçol rlsplat qub lopiajl

kl olttrl dn klrcbêrl onbc í dn Pajubs k(Npplddl *5"# [iut lc

prlcnct nvla sic oikêdl dls dbelrtâs qul cius kbrics$ Abaâric

rlaiccnãt í pdusblurs rlprbsls al qu(bd dub kibt *1"# Bd dl priuvl

kl dn olbddlurl `nèic$ lc `nbsnct kls aictrlslcs dirsqu(bd lst

dnbssâ í dub/oçol *;"# Alplcknct$ dirsqu(bd s(âanrtl kl ]ncâtbus$

Abaâric s(lc bcspbrl lcairl *i"# Bd râpick nux arbtbquls qu(ic

dub nkrlssl *0"# Bd c(lst pns sludlolct sic âdêvl$ onbs sic nviant#

Bd sloedl oçol qu(lc sic jicclur bd s(nestblccl k(nddlr$ sldic

sic irkbcnbrl$ k(ucl âaidl í d(nutrl# K(nbddlurs bd s(nhbt kl oirndl#

Lc pnrlbddl ontbêrl uc Uionbc cl kiutl pns# Dl kbsabpdl jnebtuld

kl Anrcânkl s(lst kica `nbt pnr lxalptbic stiéablc *8"# Lt

aiool ]ncâtbus n âtâ$ piur dn abraicstncal$ sic pri`lsslur kl

stiéabsol$ ic plut olttrl sic cio$ nvla ucl prlsqul alrtbtukl$

*>" Abaâric# Kl i``(#$ B@$ >8#

*5" Bk#$ BBB$ 5#

*1" Bk#$ B$ 1 6 BB$ >=$ >8#

*;" Qur dl slcs kl « vbvlrl aicvlcblctar cntubv[ ¶#

*1" Bk#$ BBB$ 1#

*0" Bk#$ o$ 8#

*8" Bk#$ B$ 56 >>>$ ;#



>25 DLQ KL\Z « [UNB[ÂQ KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

QI\Q tiut al qu(bd y n kl kihontbqul kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs#

Dn tjâirbl kl dn rnbsic qub olt lc ajnauc kl cius uc çtrl

supârblur í cius$ lt qub lst aldub nuquld cius klvics ieâbr *>"$

d(juoncbtâ aiopnrâl í ucl vnstl `nobddl$ aiopnrnbsic qub

klvblct dl `icklolct kl tiutls dls vlrtus siabndls *5"$ dl oâprbs

klspnssbics *1"$ oçolkldn aidêrl *;"$ piur dlsqulddls Abaâric lst

nbddlurs pdus bckudhlct$ dl slqud cnturno *i"$ quldquls erbels

kl psyajidihbl lc`bc *0"$ vibdí kls lopructs `nbts í ]ncâtbus$

lopructs kict c(bopirtl quld stiéablc$ bd lst vrnb$ nurnbt nussb

eblc `iurcb d(iaansbic# Cius cl pnrdics pibct kl alt naalct

pnrtbaudblr qul Abaâric olt í trnbtlr alrtnbcls qulstbics$ kl

alttlnrklur í oâprbslr dn viduptâ$ klal vb` slctbolct ku klvibr$

tiutls ajisls qub `lrict dl suaaês âtlrcld kl sic dbvrl$ lt qub

dub vblcclct kl d(âaidl í dnqulddl bd n klonckâ uc onãtrl *8"#

D c Uionbc c(löt pns triuvâ cic pdus lc dub/oçol alt noiur

pblux dbl dn sablcal *:"$ lt c(löt pns `nbt k(lddl ucl vlrtu *2"# \c

Uionbc c(löt pibct aicèu dn vbl lctbêrl aiool ucl őuvrlk(nrt$ lt c(löt pibct aiopnrâ dl oâtblr k(jiccçtl jiool í

aldub kl piêtl *>="$ kl giulur kl `dötl *>>"$ iu kl aioâkblc *>5"#

>> y nvnbt quldqul ajisl kl pdus rukl$ kl oibcs nrrnchâ$ kl

oibcs jnroicblux plut/çtrl kncs dn vlrtu rionbcl# Al sict

dí dlèics râpâtâls pnr Abaâric lt cius snvics qub dls dub n

npprbsls#

*>" Abaâric$ Kl i``#$ b$ 1=#

*5" o#$ >$ >8#

*1" Gk#$ >$526 BB$ <#

*;" Gk#$ B$ 5<#

*<" Gk#$ BBB$ =#

*0" O#$ >$5:#

*8" Pibr surtiut B$ 5=6 bd$ >=#

*:" Bk#$ >$;#

*2" Bk#$ >>$<#

*>=" Bk#$ >$5:#*>>" Bk#$ B$ ;=#

*>5" [k#$ B$ 1=#



DL [UNB[F « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL ]NCÂ[B\Q L[ ALD\B KL ABAÂBBIZ# >21

Gusqu(bab tiutlìbs cius cl viyics dí qu(uc stiéabsol aiooucí tius dls stiéablcs# Dn tlcsbic$ d(l`ìrt y sict kbssboudls$ lt

dn vbl jiccçtl c(nppnrnãt qul kncs sic âpnciubsslolct jlurlux#

Onbs aldn lcairl lst aicìrol nu hâcbl ku plupdl qub n kiccâ

cnbssncal nu stiéabsol$ lt a(lst dirsqu(lddl s(nkrlsslrn í k(nutrls

tlops lt í k(nutrls hlcs qul sl kâaiuvrbrict k(nutrls nsplats

kl alttl rbajl kiatrbcl# D(irbhbcndbtâ kl ]ncâtbus kibt çtrl

ajlrajâl kl prâ`ârlcal kncs dn sablcal kl als kâtnbds sncs

dlsqulds bd c(y n pns k(őuvrl cb kl vbl naaiopdbl# Q(bd c(lst

pibct kl alttl `nobddl kl oirndbstls qub$ aiool Wlcic iu

aiool Fnct$ snvlct kicclr í dn vidictâ kl ìrtls bopudsbics$

bd lst kl alux qub oârbtlct kl klvlcbr kls aicslbddlrs kl tius dls

giurs piur kls aicsablcals oblux bctlctbiccâls qu(âadnbrâls#

Bd lcslbhcl qul dn vlrtu$ lc kâtãcbtbvl$ lst `nbtl kl vlrtus# Bd dn

kbvbsl$ bd dn kâtnbddl kica$ köt dl kihol stiéablc kl sic ucbtâ

bckbssiduedl lc siu``rbr *>"# Lt a(lst$ lc vârbtnedl âadlatbqul$ dn

adnssb`bantbic pdnticbablccl kls quntrl vlrtus anrkbcndls qu(bd

nkiptl$ adnssb`bantbic qub kl sic dbvrl pnsslrn kncs aldub kl

Abaâric$ lt kl aldub kl Abaâric kncs aldub kl snbct Noeribsl#

Onbs al sict dí lcairl kls nestrnatbics kl vlrtu# ]ncâtbus lc

piursubt dn rândbtâ kncs kls vbls bckbvbkulddls$ nu obdblu k(âvâ/

clolcts kiccâs# Pibdí piurquib bd oudtbpdbl dls lxlopdls lt

dls ans# Anr dn vlrtu$ kict cius nvics kâgí kbt qu(lddl lst aio/

pnrnedl nu pdus kb``babdl oâtblr$ kibt s(naaiooiklr nux abraics/

tncals6 dls klvibrs vnrblct nvla dls bckbvbkus$ nvla dls

anrnatêrls *5"$ nvla dls åhls *1"# \dyssl lst vlcu í eiut

k(bcariynedls kb``baudtâs pnr ucl rusl pntblctl qul dn cnturl

k(Ngnx dub löt bctlrkbtl *;"# Nussb ]ncâtbus vibt/bd kncs d(nrt

kl `nbrl ajnqul ajisl í sn pdnal lt lc sic tlops ucl kiuedl

*>" Abaâric$ Kl i)`#$ Bd$ >=#

*5" Bk#$d$ 11#

*1" Bk#$ B$ 1;#

*;"X#$ B# 1>#

\cbvlrsbtâ kl Dyic# ‛ PdBB# N# >1



)>2; DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶# # $

vlrtu# Klux kâdbablux oits hrlas dn kâsbhclct$ £g/nSbn lt lòxntpn$

qulAbaâric

trnkubt nsslz hnuajlolct *>"# Kbsics lc l``lt qulal hlcrl kl vlrtu$ qub aicvlcnbt olrvlbddluslolct nu pdus siupdl

lt nu pdus nrtbstl kls plupdls$ lst pdus hrla qul rionbc# >> löt

râpuhcâ nu hâcbl hrla kl olttrl tiutl dn oirndbtâ kncs ucl

ieâbssncal strbatl lt sncs irbhbcndbtâ# Lt bd aiopisl sic bkând

kls qundbtâs qu(bd sl aiccnãt lt qu(bd nbol lc dub# \dyssl lst dl

vârbtnedl jâris kl alttl rnal# ]ncâtbus$ quib qu(bd cius nbt

k(neirk sloedâ$ c(lst kica qu(uc Uionbc kl abraicstncal# Dl

`ick kl sn plcsâl lst rlstâ hrla#

Klonckics/cius onbctlcnctqulddl lst$ kncsdl dbvrl kl Abaâric$

dn pnrt kl Abaâric# Bd d(n `nbtl dub/oûol nvla pdus kl sibc qu(bd

c(lc olt k(irkbcnbrl lc pnrlbd ans$ aiool s(bd löt tlcu í

priviqulr ucl aiopnrnbsic$ lt í oictrlr qul$ oçol nprês

]ncâtbus$ bd triuvnbt quldqul ajisl í ngiutlr# ]ncâtbus nvnbt

kbvbsâ sic suglt lc tribs pnrtbls# Bd klvnbt trnbtlr suaalssbvlolct

kl d(jiccçtl lt kl d(utbdl$ pubs dls aiopnrlr lctrl lux# Bd c(nvnbt

pns rlopdb dn tribsbêol pnrtbl kl sn tåajl# Abaâric aioedl alttl

dnaucl$ tiut lc s(l`b(irènct kl cl `nbrl qul aictbculr ]ncâtbus$

lt aiool kl klvbclr al qu(bd löt pu kbrl# Onbs bd nvnbt lc iutrl

ngiutâ í ajnauc kls klux prloblrs dbvrls ucl sirtl k(npplc/

kbal piur aiopnrlr dls ajisls jiccçtls lctrl lddls$ lt kl oçol

dls ajisls utbdls# Lc`bc$ rlpriajnct í ]ncâtbus kl c(nvibr pns

aioolcaâ pnr kicclr ucl kâ`bcbtbic ku klvibr$ qub ajlzdub

sncs kiutl lst sius/lctlckul$ bd tblct$ piur sn pnrt$ í pislr

k(neirk kls prbcabpls$ lt rlprikubt$ kncs alttl bctlctbic$ dn

kbstbcatbic adnssbqul kls klvibrs pnr`nbts lt kls klvibrs

oiylcs *5"# Abaâric$ qub cl kiutl gnonbs kl rblc$ vlut kica

sl oictrlr bab pduS stiéablc qul ]ncâtbus# Al qub lst pdus sör$

a(lst qu(bd `nbt eblctût prluvl k(ucl neickncal kl kâvldipplolct

qub c(lst qu(í dub# Lc oçol tlops$ quibqul lcairl ucl `ibs bd nbt

*b" Abaâric$ Kl i6`#$ B$ ;=#

*5" O$ B$ 5/1#



DL [Bd#\[Â « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL ]NCÂ[B\Q L[ ALD\B KL ABAÂUIC# >21

rnrlolct bobtâ uc nutiur nvla nutnct kl `bkâdbtâ lt kl kâ`ârlcal$

bd âonbdda sic tlxtl kl abtntbics kl ]dntic *b" lt k(Nrbstita *5"#

]ncâtbus nprês tiut dub lc nvnbt plut/çtrl kiccâ [lxlopdl# Bd

bcviqul d(nutirbtâ kl Kbaânrqul *1"$ kl [jâipjrnstl *;"$ lt

ciool lc pnssnct ]isbkicbus *Q"# Kbihêcl$ Nctbpntlr lt

Jâantic tblcclct nussb ucl dnrhl pdnal$ onbs sludlolct kncs dn

tribsbêol pnrtbl ku trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs$ iò bds vblcclct aioolsuppdâlr ]ncâtbus# A(lst alt Jâantic qub siutlcnbt qu(lc tlops

kl kbslttl ic plut três eblc dnbsslr oiurbr kl `nbo uc

lsadnvl V,"# Lt aldn âtnbt âarbt kncs uc dbvrl qub s(bctbtudnbt nussb

uc trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs. Lc`bc ic triuvl kncs dl tlxtl kl Abaâric$

tld qu(bd lst pnrvlcu í snbct Noeribsl$ gusqu(í ku Qâcêqul *8"#

Onbs al c(lst pns Abaâric qub d(y n obs#

Dirs oçol qul a(lst ]ncâtbus qu(bd subt k(nsslz prês$ Abaâric

`nbt bctlrvlcbr í ajnqul bcstnct sn priprl plrsiccl kncs sic

lxpisbtbic# Bd `nbt nddusbic í sls nutrls iuvrnhls pjbdisi/

pjbquls V:"$ í sn vbl pidbtbqul$ lt cnturlddlolct lxndtl sic

aicsudnt *2"# ]dus qul pnrtiut nbddlurs lc`bc sic naalct n quldqul

ajisl kl plrsiccld lt siuvlct kl pntlrcld# >> `nut rlonrqul

qu(bd c(n pns nkiptâ alttl ìbs dn ìrol ku kbndihul$ viudnct

kicclr pdus kl prâabsbic lt k(nutirbtâ kbrlatl í sls aicslbds#

ûibqu(bd cius prâvblccl qu(bd âarbt piur tiut dl oickl lc

oçol tlops qul piur sic `bds *>="$ a(lst í sic `bds qu(bd s(nkrlssl#

Aioolbd c(lst

pns oiklstl$ bd cl dub klonckl qul k(çtrl

{T" AbAFUIC$ Kl i``#$ >$ 8$ 2# >1$ >2$ 5=$ 51 6 BBB$ 2#

*5" X#$BB$ >0#

*1" \## bd$ 1#

*;" X#$BB$ >0#

*<" X#$ B$ ;1#

*0" fd#$ >>>$51#

*8" Pibr Krnlslff$ Ubvbbtn kb `bdidihbn$ >:8=$ p# >5;/>51#

*:" AbaÂFIC$ Kl i``#$ B$ ;56 BB$ >8#*bS" Bk#$ \$ 5;#

*>=" Bk#$ >>$ >1#



>20 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

kbhcl kl sic p<rl *>"# Onbs í alttl vncbtâ sl oçdl tnct kl sbc/

aârbtâ lt k(âoitbic. Qb [ic sichl nux abraicstncals qul trn/

vlrsl Abaâric$ lddl cl% vn pns alttl ìbs sncs ucl alrtnbcl

hrncklur# Aâsnr lst oirt$ onbs dl sâcnt n kâgí kl ciuvlnu

plrku dl piuvibr$ lt alttl rlajutl löt oictrâ í kls ylux adnbr/

viyncts aioeblc hrnck âtnbt dl ond kict siu``rnbt dn râpuedbqul#

Abaâric lst kl alux qub duttlrict gusqu(nu eiut# >> lst í dn vlbddl

kl pricicalr sls ]jb\ppbquls$ lt alttl aicsablcal dâhêrlolct

vnctnrkl ku klvibr nutrlìbs naaiopdb prlck uc tiut nutrl

anrnatêrl qunck ic y dbt d(lchnhlolct$ qub slrn tlcu$ kl d(naaio/

pdbr lcairl$ cic sncs pârbd# Bd slrnbt kb``babdl$ k(nbddlurs$ kl

pnrdlr ku trnbtâ W"Ss Klvibrs lc `nbsnct nestrnatbic ku krnol qub

sl giul í Uiol# Bd lst âarbt aiool plcknct uc lctr(natl$ lt

plcknct dls dibsbrs ìraâs kl Abaâric *5"# Onbs ic y slct nvla

dls rncaucls kl sic pntrbitbsol aictrl dl pnssâ *1"$ dls nchibssls

ku prâslct *;"# Ic piurrnbt lc lxtrnbrl uc aikl kl cis klvibrs

aictrl dn tyrnccbl$ lt bd n ìurcb lc l``lt kls nrhuolcts nux

ansubstls ku oiylc åhl qub sl kloncknblct sb a(lst uc arbol

kl tulr uc tyrnc#

)S8" Abaâric n kica sueb d(ieslssbic kls âvâclolcts aictlopirnbcs

Bd y n k(nbddlurs kl sn pn6rt bctlctbic eblc nrrçtâl kl `nbrl ku

dbvrl kl ]ncâtbus$ qub s(y prçtnbt$ uc dbvrl kl oirndl abvbqul í

d(usnhl kl dn ciedlssl ri onbcl# Bd oudtbpdbl dls lxlopdls

lopructâs í d(jbstibrl cntbicndl# ]ncâtbus$ tiut lc dlur `nbsnct

ucl pdnal$ cl piuvnbt pns d(nvibr `nbtl nussb hrnckl$ lt y nvibr

obs alttl sirtl kl pnrtb prbs# K(nbddlurs elnuaiup kl als lxlo/

pdls sict tbrâs k(âvâclolcts pistârblurs í ]ncâdbus lt$ pnr

aicsâqulct$ cl vblcclct pns kl dub# K(nutrls sict nddâhuâs

nprês kls lxlopdls hrlas qub nvnblct lxnatlolct dl oûol slcs

*>" Abaâric$ Kl i``#$d\$5$ 11#

*5" 8k#$ BB$ >6 BBB$ >#

*1" Bk#$ >>$8$ :$ >16 BBB$ :$ 5>#

*;" Bk#$ B$ >8$ 1;#



DF [UNB[Â « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL ]NCÂ[B\Q L[ ALD\B KL ABALUIC# >28

lt dn oçol pirtâl *>"$ aiool sb d(bobtntlur kl ]ncâtbus

ajlrajnbt í âtnedbr lctrl dn Hrêal lt Uiol ucl rbvndbtâ kl vlrtu#

A(lst dí tiutlìbs uc slctbolct í plbcl bckbquâ ajlz Abaâric#

Anr Uiol n `nbt sblccls dls hdibrls kl dn Hrêal$ aiool sls

kbvbcbtâs# Kbsics lc`bc qul dl trnhbqul lxlopdl qub bddustrl sb

onhcb`bqulolct dls aic`dbts kl d(bctârçt lt ku klvibr$ dlxlopdl

kl Uâhudus$ nppnrtblct lc priprl í Abaâric$ aiool tiut al

tribsbêol dbvrl qu(bd rlopdbt lt qu(bd âadnbrl# ‛ Onbs í Uiol al

qub bctârlssl surtiut Abaâric a(lst dl enrrlnu lt dn vbl pidbtbqul#

Qic dbvrl n d(nbr pnrìbs kl cl s(nkrlsslr qu(í kls nviants# Aldub

kl ]ncâtbus$ cius d(nvics vu$ olttnbt Abaâric sur dn vibl kl als

kbsaussbics kl oâtblr# Onbs Abaâric n âvbkloolct neusâ kl

d(lxlopdl qub dub âtnbt kiccâ *5" lt$ sl triuvnct kncs sic âdâ/

olct$ c(n pns su s(nrrçtlr# K(nbddlurs dls nviants í Uiol cl y$)

ìronblct pns ucl airpirntbic$ lt s(nkrlsslr nux nviants a(âtnbt

s(nkrlsslr í tiut dl oickl# Aiool ic slct nussb kncs d(őuvrl

kl Abaâric d(jiool k(Ltnt k(nutnct pdus pnssbiccâ piur dn pidb/

tbqul qul$ piur d(bcstnct$ bd c(lc plut pdus `nbrl# Lddl trnbtl

suaalssbvlolct kls oiylcs k(nrrbvlr nu piuvibr lt k(lc uslr *1"#

A(lst uc onculd pidbtbqul$ al qub c(lst siuvlct pns dn oçol ajisl y

qu(uc aiurs kl oirndl# Kl dn pidbtbqul bctârblurl cius pnssics

oûol í dn pidbtbqul âtrnchêrl$ nux rnppirts kls cntbics

lctrl lddls$ nu kribt bctlrcntbicnd$ í dn hulrrl$ í al qub plut s(y

oçdlr kl gustbal lt kl outuld rlsplat *;"# A(lstd(nppdbantbic

í4}

d(jbstibrl rionbcl kls bkâls stiéablccls$ nppdbantbic qub sl `nbt *

sncs l`ìrt$ pnral qu(bd y nvnbt lctrl dn tjâirbl stiéablccl ku

kribt lt dl audtl rionbc kl dn ìb kiccâl ucl sirtl k(naairk

prâlxbstnct# Al plupdl dâhbsdntlur lt hulrrblr nvnbt lu d(bkâl

kucl dâhbsdntbic kl dn hulrrl#

*>" AbAFUIC$ gKa i``#$ B$ 55$ 1=$ 1> 6 BB$ >>#

*5" dí#$ >$ >=$ #186 BB$ >;$ >26 bdd$ dn$ >0#*1" O#$ B$ :$5=$ 5>$506 >>$>1$ 5>#

*;" X#$B# >=/>;$ 5;6 BBB$ 52#



>2: DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

Bd cl su``bt pns kl kbrl qul Aba*<ric nppdbqul dls rêhdls oirndls

kl ]ncâtbus nux ans qub dl prâiaauplct lt nu hlcrl kl vbl qub

[bctârassl# Al qub lst pdus hrnvl$ sic bkând suebt [bcddulcal kl

als nppdbantbics nuxqulddls bd dl siuolt$ lt aiool ku obdblu

kncs dlquld bd dl trncspirtl# Qic stiéabsol rlvçt kês dirs aiool

alrtnbcls cuncals pnrtbaudbêrls qu(bd lst kâdbant$ onbs bopirtnct

kl snbsbr# Al qul dls Hrlas npplddlct [rpÂ[bav a(lst ucl sirtl kl

aicvlcncal ieglatbvl kl d(natbic aicsbkârâl lc lddl/oçol$ lt$

cius d(nvics vu$ aiool ucl őuvrl k(nrt# D(natbic lst sn `bc í

lddl/oçol# A(lst kl dn `bcndbtâ bctlrcl# Gl cl snurnbs kbrl lxna/

tlolct lc quld pnssnhl Abaâric lst bc`bkêdl í aldtl kâ`bcbtbic$ lt

kiccl nu oit dntbc r`laicoz$ qu(bd pripisl piur trnkubrl zpâxav$

uc nutrl slcs qul aldub ku oit hrla *>"# Onbs d(boprlssbic qul

dnbssl dn dlaturl kl sic trnbtâ Kls KlvibrsS surtiut qunck ic

ajlrael kncs dl slaick dbvrl dl aioolctnbrl ku prloblr$ lst

qul Abaâric$ ondhrâ kl elddls pritlstntbics$ lst pdutût prâiaaupâkl @l``lt í prikubrl$ j(jiclstbbo kl Abaâric kb``êrl lxnatlolct

kncs dn oçol olsurl ku xnZûv kls Hrlas# Kl dí quldqul ajisl

kl oibcs cnturld lt kâpdus hubckâ# Qic arbtârbuo sl kâpdnal lt

sl rnppriajl kl aldub kl d(jicclur# Al c(lst pdus ucl oirndl

lstjâtbqul6 a(lst lcairl ucl `ibs ucl oirndl k(jiool pidb/

tfrul qub$ kncs dls su``rnhls kl d(ipbcbic puedbqul8%vÛbt Gn~prÛ/

olssl k(nutrls su``rnhls# A(lst ucl oirndl kl anckbknt# Kl

oçol$ lctrl dls klux typls kl vbl qub sl kbsputlct dls syo/

pntjbls kls stiéablcs$ dn vbl bctlddlatulddl lt dn vbl siabndl$ alddls

kl Abaâric c(jâsbtlct pns# Dn aictlopdntbic oulttl kl dn vârbtâ$

tlddl qu(Lpbaurl lt quldquls stiéablcs d(ict rçvâl$ c(lst pibct sic

n``nbrl$ lt cl dub bcspbrl qu(uc slctbolct kl oirtld lccub# Dn

sablcal cl dub sloedl slrvbr í rblc sb lddl c(neiutbt í d(natbic *5"#

D(utbdbtâ siabndl lst dn rêhdl suprçol kl dn oirndbtâ# Abaâric n

*>" Abaâric$ Kl i))(#$B$ >2#

*5" )()#$ B$ ;1# Al ajnpbtrl lst dl ajnpbtrl sur dn aiopnrnbsic kls ajisls

jiccçtls lctrl lddls$ kict Abaâric rlvlckbqul dn pntlrcbtâ#



DL [UNB[Â « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL ]NCÂ[B\Q L[ ALD\B KL HBAÂUIC# >22

kls pnridls kl eblcvlbddnctl pbtbâ piur dl snhl qub vbt rltbrâ kls

n``nbrls$ lt n plur piur sn vlrtu aiool piur sn trncqubddbtâ kl

dlur aictnat *>"# Onbs a(lst dí piur dub ucl vlrtu kl ondnkl iu Skl tbobkl# D(jiool aiopdlt a(lst [jiool puedba# Al c(lst pns

tiut# Alttl citbic k(bctârçt hâcârnd$ qub dub n âtâ dâhuâl pnr dl

stiéabsol$ sl râtrâabt kncs sic lsprbt lt s(y aicìck nvla alttl

nutrl citbic$ qub c(nvnbt pns elsibc k(çtrl nbcsb rlcìraâl$ alddl

kl d(bctârçt cntbicnd# Abaâric c(nSgn[[bSG(S â tâ uc abtiylc ku b)S

oickl$ onbs uc abtiylc rionbc # D(Ltnt rionbc lst dn ìrol

aicarêtl sius dnqulddl bd lc`lrol d(bkâl pjbdisipjbqul kl dn

sidbknrbtâ juonbcl# Al qu(bd klonckl nu stiéabsol$ a(lst kl

gustb`blr sic pntrbitbsol$ lt k(lc `nbrl dn tjâirbl# Dn pntrbl lst tv6 g$ g1(

supârblurl í tiutls dls nutrls n``latbics pnral qu(lddl dls râsuol yS

tiutls lt$ lc ans kl aic`dbt$ lddl kibt pnsslr nvnct tiutls *5"# Dí

lst dl kihol qub c(lst pns câ kl sn plcsâl pjbdisipjbqul$ onbs

qub s(bopisl í lddl$ qub kiobcl tiut al qu(bd n lopructâ lt

sl dl sueirkiccl# Dí lst dl alctrl kl dn oirndl abaâricblccl *1"#

Cius nvics lssnyâ kl kbrl al qu(lst alttl oirndl# A(lst ucl

nutrl qulstbic kl snvibr al qu(lddl löt pu çtrl$ sb Abaâric cl

s(âtnbt nsslrvb í uc oikêdl$ sb ]ncâtbus c(nvnbt pns lxbstâ# >> BB

slrnbt bcgustl lc l``lt kl vibr kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs tiutl dn /F

plcsâl oirndl kl Abaâric# Iutrl dls âarbts qul cius aiccnbssics

lt qub kâgí dn aiopdêtlct$ Abaâric nvnbt aiopisâ uc trnbtâ Kls

Plrtus qub cl cius lst pns pnrvlcu *;"# Cius cl viudics pns

cius bchâcblr í klvbclr al qu(bd piuvnbt aictlcbr# Onbs$ lc cius

eircnct í citrl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs$ bd cius lst bopissbedl í pdu/

sblurs rlprbsls kl cl pns ajlrajlr quldqul ajisl nu kldí kl al

qul cius dbsics# Bd c(y lst pns qulstbic kl d(booirtndbtâ$ kict

Abaâric pnrdl nbddlurs sncs qu(bd cius sibt `nabdl kl kbrl quld

*." Abaâric$ Kl c``#$ d$ 5=/5>#

*5" >*>#$ B# >86 A`# BBB$ 5;#

*1" A`# Elcibt$ Jbstirban kl O# [# Abalricj i``babbs aiooèctntbi$ $>:;0#

*;" Qnbct Gârûol$ Wnaj#$ B$ 56 Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl [rbc## ZBP$ >>#

>1(



5== DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

âtnbt dl klhrâ kl sn ìb# GC(lst/al pns dn `nutl kl ]ncâtbus qub

dub$ cius dl snvics$ c(y ariynbt pns *>" 9

‛ Kl cis klvibrs lcvlrs

dn kbvbcbtâ bd c(lst pns `nbt olctbic kncs tiut dl aiurs ku

prloblr dbvrl$ qub âcuoêrlcis kb``ârlcts klvibrs *5"# ]ubs$ qunck

Abaâric aiopnrl als klvibrs lctrl lux$ a(lst/í/kbrl kncs dls

pnhls qub dub sict tiutls plrsicclddls$ bd âtnedbt alttl jbârnrajbl 7

(cis prlobêrls iedbhntbics sict lcvlrs dls kblpx$ cis slaickls

lcvlrs dn pnbrbl$ cis tribsbêols lcvlrs cis pn[lcts# Cl sbhcndl/

t/bd pns nbcsb dub/oûol ucl dnaucl qu(bd c(n piurtnct pns aioedâl 9

Ngiutics qul quldquls ajnpbtrls nupnrnvnct Abaâric$ qub ndirs

subvnbt ]ncâtbus$ nvnbt kâgí adnssâ cis klvibrs$ lt prlsqul kncs

dls oçols tlrols 6 onbs alttl ìbs bd c(âtnbt pns qulstbic kls

kblux *1"# Abaâric sl râpêtl kica sncs y prlckrl hnrkl# Lt$ lc

sl râpâtnct$ bd sl aictrlkbt lt `nbt kncs sic priprl tlxtl ucl

bctlrpidntbic kl dn pdus jnutl pirtâl# ‛ N oibcs qu(bd cl `nbddl

nttrbeulr alttl bctlrpidntbic í dn onbc pblusl k(uc kbsabpdl ajrâ/

tblc# ‛ Lcò$ kncs al oçol klrcblr ajnpbtrl ku prloblr dbvrl$

kict tiutls dls pnridls sict í plslr$ pubsqul nvla dls klux prâ/

aâklcts bd lxprbol dn plcsâl kl Abaâric purl kl tiut nddbnhl$ bd

kâadnrl qu(bd lst kls natbics qu(uc snhl cl aioolttrn pns$ oçol

piur snuvlr sn pntrbl# C(y n/t/bd pns dí dl prlsslctbolct k(ucl

vlrtu bctârblurl$ kict dl stiéabsol pirtnbt lc dub/oçol dls

hlrols$ lt qub vn klvlcbr dn vlrtu stiéqul pnr lxalddlcal9

Cius brics pdus dibc lt cius cius âticclrics qu(lddl cl dl

sibt pns klvlcul kâgí ajlz Abaâric# Bd löt kö slctbr qul d(nrt

kl dn erbhul lt ku hiuvlrclolct c(âtnbt pdus piur alttl ciedlssl

*>" Abaâric$ [usa$ B$ 15# Pudt ]ncőtbus *quik cloi clhnt" qubkqubkcn/

Suo sbt bctlrbrl 7 cnsab nutlo ncbois *quik kâadnråt liruo sbobdbtuki$ qub

priarlnctur$ qun6 ltbno bc bchlcbbs$ cic siduo bc airpirbeus nppnrlnt"# ‛Ndtlrno nutlo i``lrt rntbiclo 6 cbjbd lssl quik kidlnt$ qubc bk tlhruo lssl

quiqul pissbt6quik nudlo bc oireuo anknt$ bk ltbno bctlrbturuo 6 kidlrl

nutlo ncbois$ lrhi ldbno bctlrbrl#

*5" Abaâric$ Kl i``#$ B$ ;<#

*1" Bk#$ B$ >8#



NCNDRQL K\ [UNB[Â « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 5=>

rionbcl$ qub nvnbt kâgí hiötâ kl dn slrvbtukl$ tiut d(nrt kl

vbvrl# Cius viukrbics kncs sic snhl pdus k(åprltâ lt pdus kl

râsbhcntbic$ ucl `blrtâ k(uc nutrl hlcrl lc`bc lt oibcs lc kljirs$

kbrics/cius$ quldqul ajisl qub rlssloedl pdus í dub/oçol$ ku

oibcs nu Abaâric kls klrcbêrls nccâls$ í dn ciedl vbatbol kls

trbuovbrs# Cius viukrbics lc uc oit ucl oirndl qub sl rnppri/

ajåt kâgí kl alddl kl Qâcêqul# [lddl qu(lddl lst$ lt ondhrâ quld/

quls âpbsikls tiut pdlbcs ku oiolct prâslct$ dn oirndl kl

Abaâric rlhnrkl vlrs dl pnssâ#Qncs

kiutl$qunck

dls

âvâclolctssict naaiopdbs$ bd cius lst `nabdl k(naauslr kl rltnrklr alux

qub c(ict pns su prâvibr# Al hrnck dbeârnd cl kâslspârnbt pibct

kl dn dbelrtâ# Bd âarbvnbt piur dls elnux giurs kl dn râpuedbqul

qu(bd nvnbt aiccus$ qu(bd rlvbvnbt nvla gibl lc âarbvnct$ lt kict

bd lsaioptnbt nu oibcs piur sls dlatlurs dl priajnbc rltiur# Cl

plut/ic kbrl nussb alplcknct qu(bd y n lcairl dí kl dn `nutl kl

]ncâtbus9 Kncs dls âpiquls triuedâls d(bkând oirnd$ qub gnonbs

c(lst tiut í `nbt booiebdl$ vnrbl pdus vbtl lcairl# Qb aldub kl

Abaâric n kâgí abcqunctl ncs nu oiolct iò Abaâric âarbt$

a(lst qu(bd s(lst bcspbrâ k(uc dbvrl vblux kl pdus kl abcqunctl ncs#

‛ Onbs kncs al dbvrl bd n triuvâ$ í aûtâ kl alttl oirndl qub

ajnchl$ alttl oirndl qub klolurl$ lt a(lst lc pnrtbl í alttl bob/

tntbic jlurlusl qu(bd n kö k(âarbrl dls klvibrs$ cic k(ucl hâcâ/

rntbic k(jiools$ onbs kl d(jiool oçol#

BB

Ncndysl ku trnbtâ « kls Klvibrs ¶ kl snbct Noeribsl#

Cius vlcics kl vibr al qul Abaâric n `nbt ku dbvrl kl ]ncâ/

tbus# ^u(lst/al qul snbct Noeribsl n `nbt kl aldub kl Abaâric *>"9

*b" Pibr Le`#rt$ dia# abt#$ Wblhdlr$ dia# abt# 6 Dêquls$ Aic`lructur [# Ab/



5=5 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

‛ ]iur lcankrlr dls râpicsls lt dls râddaxbics qul alttl quls/

tbic cius suhhêrl$ cius aioolcalrics pnr kicclr kl d(őuvrl

k(Noeribsl ucl rnpbkl ncndysl# Ieslrvics tiutlìbs nupnrnvnct

qul al c(lst pns uc npidihbstl nontlur$ aiool Obcuabus @âdbx$

cb uc jiool kl dlttrls aiool snbct Gârûol $ cb uc kâeutnct

aiool Nuhustbc í Anssbabnauo$ onbs uc âvêqul alttl ìbs$ í

d(npihâl kl sic tndlct lt kl sic nutirbtâ$ qub ajibsbt uc trnbtâ

kl Hbaâric$ cic piur nouslr kl stukblux dibsbrs$ onbs piur y

triuvlr dn ontbêrl k(uc lcslbhclolct# N dub slud al ajibx$quldqul bckâplckncal qu(nbt lcsubtl n``latâl snbct Noeribsl$

quldqul bchrntbtukl oçol$ sb d(ic vlut$ lst uc `nbt aicsbkârnedl

piur d(jbstibrl kls bkâls# Qb Noeribsl nvnbt triuvâ kncs uc dbvrl

ajrâtblc dl oikêdl tiut `nbt qu(bd ajlrajnbt$ bd dub löt sncs kiutl

kiccâ dn prâ`ârlcal# Onbs al oikêdl c(lxbstnbt pns# Cius nvics

vu al qub oncqunbt nu ]âknhihul kl Adâolct k(Ndlxnckrbl

piur qu(bd pöt lc slrvbr# Dls nutrls âarbts oirnux ku ajrbs/

tbncbsol trnbtnblct kl qulstbics kl kâtnbd# Bd c(y nvnbt pns kl

onculd kl oirndl ajrâtblccl# Bd âtnbt râslrvâ í snbct Noeribsl

k(lc kicclr uc# Lt cl klvrnbt/bd í Hbaâric nutrl ajisl$ qu(bd dub

klvrnbt k(nvibr âtâ piur dub ucl iaansbic$ lt kl dub nvibr ìurcb$

nvla d(bkâl k(uc lcslbhclolct kbknatbqul kl dn oirndl$ dls

ankrls câalssnbrls# Kica al c(lst pns uc trnbtâ quldaicqul kl

oirndl ajrâtblccl$ a(lst dl prloblr qub oârbtl al cio qul cius

viyics sl rnttnajlr í dn oirndl nctbqul lt rlciulr dn trn/

kbtbic#

Ngiutics qu(Noeribsl c(nhbt pns sius dl aiup k(ucl syopn/

alricbs lt Q# Noerisbb kl i``babbs \erb$ >:;2 6 Krnlslfl$ O# [uddbb Abalricbs lt

Noerisbb$ lpbsaipb Olkbidnclcsbs$ kl i``babbs \erb três bctlr sl aiopnrnctur

*Ubvbstn kb`bdidihbc l k(bstruzbicl adnssban$ >:80" 6 Ebttclr$ Kl Abalricbs lt No/

erisbb i``babiruo dberbs$ >:;2 6 Ulle$ GGlelr kbl Hruckdnhlc kls Qbtt\ajlc cnaj

Abalri uck Noerisbus 6 lt surtiut Lwndk$ Elr Lbc`duss klr Qtibnaj/Abalricbn/

cbsajlc Oirnd nbt` kbl Knrstldjbch klr Lt`bbf eld Noerisbus# Cius rlcviyics ucl

ìbs piur tiutls í alttl snvnctl kbsslrtntbic$ quibqul$ pdus k(ucl ìbs$ cius

klvbics$ kncs cis npprâabntbics$ cius rlcaictrlr nvla lddl#



NCNDRQL K\ [UNB[Â « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 5=1

tjba pnssbiccâl piur d(nctbqubtâ adnssbqul# Bd s(lc `nut oûol

kl elnuaiup qu(bd sibt tiugiurs tlckrl piur lddl# Onbs bd bobtl

Abaâric$ aiool sb a(âtnbt ucl ajisl tiutl cnturlddl# Alttl bob/

tntbic c(lst pns ucl lxalptbic kncs sn vbl$ lt cius aicstntlrics

k(nutrls `ibs qu(bd s(bcspbrl sncs sarupudl k(nutlurs pnélcs# Lddl

c(n pns âtâ cic pdus piur dub dn anusl kl anuajlonrs lt kl

rloirks# Al c(lst pns ucl åol tiurolctâl qul alddl kl snbct

Noeribsl$ aiool alddl kl sic aictlopirnbc snbct Gârûol# Lt

sic anrnatêrl `lrol lt kribt kiccl í tiut al qu(bd `nbt d(nbr klquldqul ajisl kl kâ`bcbtb` lt qub cl siu`tPl pdus kl kbsaussbic

Pibdí piurquib$ pdus qul tiutl nutrl őuvrl$ dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs

kl snbct Noeribsl salddl d(nddbncal kl klux abvbdbsntbics lt kl

klux oirndls#

Dls prlobêrls pnhls kl al trnbtâ cius olttlct eblc dibc kl

Abaâric lt ku stiéabsol# Lddls cius kicclct$ nvla k(nutrls

âarbts kl snbct Noeribsl$ d(bkâl kl al qu(löt âtâ sn oirndl s(bd

c(nvnbt pibct aiccu Abaâric# Cius cl pnrdics pibct sludlolct

kl alttl abtntbic kls ]snuols 7 « Gl vius lcslbhclrnb dn arnbctl

ku Qlbhclur ¶$ pnr dnqulddlsnbct Noeribsl lctrl lc ontbêrl *>"$

lt qub cius trncspirtl ku prloblr aiup kncs uc oickl

ciuvlnu k(bkâls# Onbs dn prlobêrl vlrtu sur dnqulddl bd s(âtlck

lst dn vlrtu ku sbdlcal$ kict bd kiccl ucl gidbl kâ`bcbtbic 7 « A(lst

dn vlrtu qub plrolt nux nutrls kl sl rlpislr *5" ¶# Dl sbdlcal

c(lst k(nbddlurs oârbtibrl qul pnral qul sl tnbrl lst ucl prluvlk(juobdbtâ *1"# Lt nvla d(juobdbtâ cius cl sloedics pns lcairl

cius rnppriajlr kl Abaâric# Alplcknct snbct Noeribsl

bctlrriopt al kâvldipplolct sur dl sbdlcal piur nccicalr qu(í

d(bobtntbic kl ]ncâtbus$ lt k(uc `bds kl ]ncâtbus kict bd lst dl

slud qub nbt gnonbs pnrdâ *;"$ qu(í d(bobtntbic kl Abaâric lc`bc$ bd

*>" Qnbct NObtbbibsb7$ Kl i``#$ B$ b

*5" jd$ B$ =:# r3*$(db`Vunrubc vbrtutuo itbubbb#

*1" O#

*;" Bd vlut *dbrl sncs kiutl ]isbkicbus#



5=; DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

trnbtlrn kl cis klvibrs *t"# Al oit$ ngiutl/t/bd pnr ucl prâanu/

tbic qub cius pnrnbt âtrnchl$ onbs qub tâoibhcl kucl irtjikixbl

kâgí oâtbaudlusl$ al oit c(lst pns dn priprbâtâ lxadusbvl kls

pjbdisipjls# Dls Larbturls d(ict lopdiyâ *5"# ]ubs bd lxpisl dl

pdnc hâcârnd kl Abaâric qub vn klvlcbr dl sblc# ‛ A(lst lcairl

í d(bobtntbic kl Abaâric qu(bd kbvbsl dls klvibrs lc oiylcs lt

pnr`nbts$ snu` í lc`lrolr sius als vblux oits kls bkâls qu(bds

c(âtnblct pns jnebtuâs í lxprbolr# Onbs$ nctbabpnct sur dls kâvldip/

plolcts í vlcbr$ bd kiccl alt lxlopdl kl d(naaiopdbsslolct

k(uc klvibr pnr`nbt 7 ucl natbic obsârbairkblusl$ lxlopdl qub

âadnbrl aiool k(uc glt kl duobêrl alttl oirndl kict d(lxpisbtbic

aioolcal í plbcl lt cius bctlrkbt ucl ìbs piur tiutls kl

dn aicìckrl nvla dl stiéabsol$ kl sb prês qu(lddl sloedl dl

subvrl#

Nvnct kl aictbculr$ tiutlìbs$ snbct Noeribsl$ qub susplck

tiutl dn oirndbtâ í d(lspibr lcdn gustbal kl

Kblu$kibt

priuvlrnux bcarâkudls qul$ ondhrâ quldquls nppnrlcals aictrnbrls$

Kblu s(iaaupl kls jiools l* kl dlur aickubtl# A(lst d(âtlrcbtâ

qub gustb`blrn Kblu# Qb eblc qul dn kâoicstrntbic kl dn ]rivb/

klcal sl triuvl rnolcâl í dn kâoicstrntbic kl d(booirtndbtâ#

Lt snbct Noeribsl lopdibl aictrl alux qub rlùslct kl aribrl alt

nrhuolct nk jibGbbcloS ùtur dblu aioouc$ qu(bds c(y ariblct

pns pnral qu(bds dn rlkiutlct *1"# Lt al dblu aioouc nurn siu/

vlct rnbsic$ al qub vlut kbrl qul dl dbelrtbcnhl kls oőurs n âtâ

siuvlct dl prbcabpl bcnviuâ kl d(bckâplckncal kl dn plcsâl#

Onbs k(nutrl pnrt dn vlrtu c%nttnajl/t/lddl pns alux qub dn

prntbqulct$ pnr kls dblcs qub cl sict pns sludlolct bctlddla/

tulds$ í uc kihol qub dub kiccl tlddlolct rnbsic9 K(nutrls nrhu/

olcts kl snbct Noeribsl slrvlct lcairl nugiurk(jub nux kâ/

oicstrntbics adnssbquls kl dn ]rivbklcal 7 d(iuvrblr cl plut

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ 5;#

*5" B*D$B$5i#

*1" O#$ B$ i;#



NCNDRQF K\ [UNB[Â « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 5=<

bhcirlr sic őcvri 6 Kblu snbt tiut pubsqu(bd n tiut `nbt *>"$

Nvnct kl rlgibckrl Aba*ãric$ snbct Noeribsl s(nkrlssl lxprls/

sâolct nux glucls hlcs# Bd pnrt k(nbddlurs kl al dlool abaâri/

cblc lt stiéablc qul dls klvibrs vnrblct nvla dls åhls *5"$ lt

lopructl í Hbaâric d(bkâl ku pdus hrnck cioerl kls klvibrs

qu(bd âcuoêrl# Dl klvibr nctbqul kl dn eblcsâncal$ pnr lxlopdl$

lst rlprbs pnr snbct Noeribsl lt kbvlrsb`bâ nvla ucl sablcal kl

dn vbl prntbqul kict ic cl plut kbrl sb lddl lst pdutût stiéablccl

iu ajrâtblccl# [iutlìbs$ kncs sn `nèic k(lctlckrl dn eblcsâncal$uc ajrâtblc olt pdus k(juobdbtâ qul kl siuab kl sn kbhcbtâ

priprl# Bd sl siuvblct qu(bd lst pâajlur *1"# Qn vlrtu arnbctbvl

ùbt cic sludlolct dls onuvnbsls aiopnhcbls$ onbs dn siabâtâ

kls `lools$ onbs dn vbl ku oickl *;"# Lt dls aicslbds kl snbct

Noeribsl prlcclct ucl tlddl nustârbtâ qu(bd sloedl qul al sibt

bab$ aiool kncs onbct nutrl pnssnhl$ nux glucls prçtrls pdutût

qu(nux glucls hlcs qu(bd plcsl# ‛ A(lst nux glucls prçtrls$ í

aiup sör$ a(lst í kl ùturs prâkbantlurs qu(bd kâkbl alttl

lsqubssl k(ucl rjâtirbqul ajrâtblccl bcsârâl pnr dub lctrl cis

kb``ârlcts klvibrs# Anr a(lst ucl ìrol kl dn eblcsâncal qul kl

prçajlr aiool bd `nut# \c prâkbantlur c(n pns dl kribt k(çtrl

lccuylux *i"# Bd vn sncs kbrl qul a(lst bab qul snbct Noeribsl

s(bcspbrl nvla dl oibcs kl sarupudl kl sic oikêdl$ Abaâric âtnct

dl pri`lsslur kl rjâtirbqul lc tbtrl ku ajrbstbncbsol# Cius nrrb/

vics k(nbddlurs í ucl sârbl kl ajnpbtrls iò dls pdncs oçols kl cisnutlurs vict aiécabklr$ lt iò d(bobtntbic kl snbct Noeribsl vn

nppnrnãtrl kâpdus lc pdus lxnatl$ quibqu(lddl sibt tiugiurs lctrl/

aiupâl pnr uc aioolctnbrl bcâkbt$ lt kls lxlopdls kl sic ajibx#

Dls âkbtlurs ict sbhcndâ nvla uc sibc bc`bcb tius dls tlxtls kl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ i5#

*5" BD$ B$ 0k#

*1" Bab#$ d 8=#

*;" fd#$ B$ :0#

*k" Bab#$ B$ >==#



5=0 DLQ DBL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

snbct Noeribsl qub npplddlct nvla uc tlxtl kl Abaâric quldqul

rnppriajlolct# Eircics/cius í klssbclr í hrncks trnbtsdl ajlobc

qu(bds ict pnraiuru d(uc nprês d(nutrl$ lc bckbqunct í plbcl kls

kbvlrhlcals sur dlsqulddls dl oiolct vblckrn pdus tnrk k(bcsbstlr#

[ribs ajisls sict í aicsbkârlr kncs cis natbics 7 bd `nut qul

dn rnbsic prâsbkl lt kiobcl tiugiurs6 onbs bd `nut nussb nhbr

nvla olsurl lt tlcbr aioptl kls abraicstncals *>"# Als rêhdls

hâcârndls tbrâls$ snu` k(bcsbhcb`bnctls vnrbnctls$ kl Abaâric$

Noeribsl pnssl í d(âtukl kâtnbddâl kls quntrl vlrtus$ nkiptnctk(nprês dl oçol Abaâric alttl kbstbcatbic klpubs dichtlops

adnssbqul# Aiool piur airrbhlr al qul alttl bobtntbic n kl

trip oncb`lstl bd sl jåtl k(ngiutlr qu(bd vlut surtiut lc`lrolr

kncs al ankrl k(lopruct kls lxlopdls kl d(jbstibrl snbctl$ lt

ucl sludl vbl kl pntrbnrajl su``brnbt í bddustrlr als quntrl vlr/

tus kls ncablcs$ dn vbl k(Nernjno *5"# Dn sablcal lst dn prl/

obêrl kls vlrtus# Cic sludlolct lddl prbol tiutls dls nutrls$

onbs lddl dls lchlckrl *1"# Alttl prââobclcal$ qub dub lst kbsputâl

ajlz Abaâric$ cl d(lst pdus ajlz snbct Noeribsl# Bd lst vrnb qu(bd

s(nhbt k(ucl sablcal spâabndl$ anr bd cl `nukrnbt pns prlckrl

snbct Noeribsl uc slud bcstnct piur uc spâaudntb`# Dn sablcal

qu(bd olt sb jnut$ a(lst dn ìb# Dl oit lst dl oçol$ onbs dl slcs

n ajnchâ# ‛ Cius cius tblckrics pdus prês kl Abaâric$ piur

dl ìck aiool piur dn ìrol nvla dls klvibrs kl gustbal# Lt

tiut k(neirk$ snbct Noeribsl rlprikubt d(ucl kls adnssb`bantbics

abaâricblccls kl als klvibrs$ alddl ibSb dls klvibrs lcvlrs Kblu cl

sict pns iuedbâs# ]ubs$ aiool Abaâric$ bd ajlrajl kncs dls

siabâtâs ncbondls oûol d(irbhbcl kl# dn gustbal# \ d(lxndtl lc`bc

prlsqul kncs dls oûols tlrols *;"# Alplcknct a(lst babqu(nppn/

*>" Qnbct NOEUIbsbb6$ Kl i``(#$ >$ >=<6 Abaâric$ Kl i``#$ B$ 12#

*5" QnbctNoefibsb7$ Kl

ib`#$B$ >>8/>>2#

*1" Bk#$ B$ >55 lt slq#

*;" ]nr lxlopdl$ alttl lxprlssbic spdlckirgustbtbx *snbct Noeribsl$ B$ >10"

lst lopructâl í Abaâric$ B$ 8#



5=: DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

ajlrajl kncs d(Lhdbsl lt adncs dls dblcs qu(lddl arkl d(âaidl vârbtn/

edl kl dn ajnrbtâ *>"# Lcairl y n/t/bd dí uc siuvlcbr lt aiool

ucl trncspisbtbic kl al rçvl nctbqul k(ucl nobtbâ lctrl hlcs

qu(ucbt pnr surariãt ucl vlrtu aiooucl$ rçvl kict Hbaâric

s(âtnbt `nbt nprês tnct k(nutrls d(bctlrprêtl#

Kl dn gustbal *anr dn gustbal aioprlck bab dn ajnrbtâ"$ snbct

Noeribsl pnssl$ aiool Hbaâric$ í d(âtukl ku aiurnhl# Bd kbs/

tbchul í sic tiur dl aiurnhl abvbd lt dl aiurnhl obdbtnbrl# Onbs

bd sloedl$ kncs uc tlxtl k(nbddlurs noebhu *5"$ aicsbkârlr

qu(bd lst bctlrkbt nu oibcs nux adlras kl pirtlr dls nrols$ lt

aldn löt su``b í kâtlrobclr sls prâ`ârlcals piur dl aiurnhl

abvbd sb$ piur k(nutrls rnbsics$ Hbaâric cl dub nvnbt kiccâ

d(lxlopdl# Bd sl triuvl kica k(naairk nvla dub$ nvnct oçol kl

d(bobtlr$ lt alttl bobtntbic cl `nbt qul d(nbklr í lxprbolr kls

bkâls kict bd cl dub lst pibct rlklvnedl# Bd `nut kbrl dn oûol

ajisl kl als rlonrquls kl snbct Noeribsl$ qul dl aiurnhl alsslk(çtrl ucl vlrtu s(bd c(n pns dn gustbal kl sic aûtâ *1"$ qul dn

vrnbl ìral c(lst pns dn ìral ku airps onbs dn ìral k(åol *;"$

lt qul ajnauctriuvlí lxlralr alttl ìral aictrl dub/oûol$ aictrl

dls onux lt nussb aictrl dls eblcs k(bab/ens *<"# Hl sict dí kls bkâls

stiéablccls lt kls bkâls ajrâtblccls tiut í dn ìbs$ onbs sb priìc/

kâolct bcjârlctls nu spbrbtundbsol ajrâtblc qu(bd cl sloedl pns

qu(bd nbt lu elsibc kl dls lopructlr# Ku aiurnhl obdbtnbrl bd c(n

kica âtâ lcairl qulstbic qul piur dl rnenbsslr# Bd y n lc dub

alplcknct uc oâprbs kl dn oirt$ ucl oådl `blrtâ ibb uc Uionbc

aiool snbct Noeribsl cl plut pns cl pns sndulr ucl vlrtu *0"#

Onbs dl ajrâtblc ngiutl nussbtût qul dl aiurnhl kls onrtyrs n

tius dls oçols oârbtls$ lt quldquls nutrls pnr suraribt#

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ >$ >8=#

*5" o#$ B$ >8e#

*1" O#$ B$ >80#

*;" Tk#$ >$ >8:#

*<" O#$ B$ >:=#

*0" \#$ >$5=>#



NCNDRQL cu [UNB[Â « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 5=2

Bd rlstlrnbt í snbct Noeribsl í trnbtlr kl dn eblcsâncal$ s(bd

c(lc nvnbt kâgí pnrdâ# Onbs bd rlprlck dl suglt lt dl kâvldippl

nvla pdus k(neickncal lt kl oâtjikl# Bd y n piur [åol ucl

hråal qub aicsbstl kncs @nrt nvla dlquld cius olttics citrl

aickubtl k(naairk nvla citrl åhl lt citrl anrnatêrl# Knvbk

kncsn klvnctrnrajl$onbscicQnould*d"# Ciusnvicsvukl oçol

qul dls `nèics k(nhbr k(\dyssl cl piuvnblct aicvlcbr í uc Ngnx#

Bd `nut kica s(âtukblr sib/oçol$ pubs prlckrl aicslbd kls hlcs

åhâs# Alux qub claiccnbsslct pns dl

eicajlobc kibvlct

s(nttnajlr nux pns kl alux qub d(ict kâgí pnraiuru# Bd c(lst

kica pns piur uc glucl jiool kl olbddlur aiopnhcic kl

riutl qu(uc vblbddnrk# Qnbct Noeribsl bcsbstl sur al aicslbd *5"

kiccâ lc pnssnct pnr Abaâric *1"# ]ubs bd d(nppdbqul í dn vbl

laadâsbnstb*Vul iò d(ic c(n oçol pns alttl rlssiural kl subvrl dn

anrrbêrl kl sic pêrl *;"$ lt iò bd `nut `nbrl uc ajibx lctrl kls

`icatbics kbvlrsls# Lc`bc$ âdlvnct plu í plu dl tic$ lt iuedbnct

tiut í `nbt Abaâric$ nu/klssus kl tiutls dls elnutâs oirndls qul

Abaâric n aicculs bd olt alddl/ab qu(bd c(n pns aiccul 7 dn pntblcal

klvnct dn aidêrl kls nutrls lt dl pnrkic klvnct dlur bcgustbal *<"#

Bd lst í rlonrqulr qul al dbvrl kl snbct Noeribsl$ qub

aioolcal pnr d(juobdbtâ$ `bcbt sur dl pnrkic$ klux vlrtus

ajrâtblccls qub lcankrlct nbcsb tius dls vlstbhls kl stiéabsol

qub sl sict bctlrandâs lctrl lddls# Nu pnrkic ngiutlz dl oâprbs

kl d(nrhlct *0"$ dn ajnstltâ *8"# ]ubs cius rlvlcics nux klvibrs

pnrtbaudblrs kls prçtrls$ pnr dlsqulds nussb cius nvbics aio/

olcaâ# Lcairl quldqul râobcbsalcal kl Abaâric sl hdbssl/ t/lddl

bab$ lt lc pnrdnct kl alttl plcsâl aicstnctl ku snbct obcbstêrl

*t" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ 5>1#

*5" O#$B$5J#

*1" Abaâric$ Kl i``7$ B$ 1;#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ >$ 5>0#

*e" Bk#$ d$ 51;#

*0" )()#$ B# 5;5#

*8" O#$ d$ ;#

\cbvlrsbtâ kl Dyic# ‛ PBBB# N# >;



5>= DLQ KL\Z [UNB[LQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

qub kibt sl rl`dâtlr kncs dn aickubtl lt dl onbctblc kl alux qub

[lxlralct$ snbct Noeribsl rnpplddl$ pnr quldquls trnbts$ al

siuab kl dn kbhcbtâ kl sls ìcatbics qul Abaâric rlaioonckl

nu onhbstrnt *>"# A(lst nbcsb qu(bd prlck í sic oikêdl kls bkâls

lt kls pjrnsls ndirs oçol qul$ pnr dl suglt qu(bd trnbtl$ bd

sloedl di pdus dibc kl dub#

Cius lctrics kncs dl slaick dbvrl ku trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs kl

snbct Noeribsl$ qub airrlspick í aldub iò Abaâric trnbtnbt kl

[utbdl# Ic sl klonckl al qu(bd n pu alttl ìbs bobtlr lt aioolct

uc oirndbstl ajrâtblc nurnbt tb(iuvâ sic eblc kncs uc aikl kl

d(bctârçt# Alplcknct d(bobtntbic lst prlsqul aictbcul# @nbsics

rlonrqulr$ piur d(lxpdbqulr$ qul Abaâric$ jiool pidbtbqul$

lctlck surtiut pnr bctârçt d(bctârçt kl citrl râputntbic lt qul

a(lst kl tius aldub qub aictrlkbt dl oibcs siuvlct cis klvibrs#

>> rlcvibl nu pirtb*Vul kl Gncus *5"$ í dn Eiursl k(ndirs$ alux

qub ict k(nutrls prâiaaupntbics# Bd cl rlstl pdus kês dirs í

snbct Noeribsl qu(uc dâhlr tiur kl onbc í kicclr piur

trncsìrolr lc vârbtnedls rêhdls oirndls als rêhdls kl snhl aic/

kubtl# Dis prlobêrls pnhls$ kncs al dbvrl lcairl$ sloedlct âarbtls

k(nbddlurs piur lopçajlr tiutl oâprbsl$ tnct lddls prlcclct

dl aictrl/pblk kls bkâls abaâricblccls# Dl guhlolct kls jiools

bopirtl plu# Kl Kblu slud cius klvics nttlckrl citrl râaio/

plcsl# Aiccnãtrl Kblu lt dl slrvbr$ lc aldn aicsbstl alttl vbl

jlurlusl kict dls pjbdisipjls ict kiccâ tnct kl kâ`bcbtbics

sncs piuvibr s(nrrçtlr í nuaucl# Dls eblcs lt dls onux k(bab/ens

c(y ngiutlct lt c(y rltrncajlct rblc# Piylz Oiésl kncs dl

kâslrt# Lst/bd oibcs jlurlux pnral qu(bd oncqul kl pnbc9bC(n/

t/bd pns dn onccl ku abld *1"9 ‛ Ic piurrnbt ieglatlr í snbct

Noeribsl qul tius dls n``noâs c(ict pns alttl rlssiural# ‛Alplcknct snbct Noeribsl vn pdus dibc lcairl$ lt gusqu(í

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ 5<<#

*5" Ab*N#FIS$Kai``#$ Bd$ 5<#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ BB$ 11#



NCNDRQL K\ [JNB[L « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 5> b

siutlcbr *Vul dn rbajlssl lst í arnbckrl$ dn pnuvrltâ í siu/

jnbtlr *>"#

Onbs nrrbvics$ kbt/bd$ nu suglt kl al dbvrl *5"# Abaâric$ qub

nvnbt nussb aioolcaâ pnr ucl kbhrlssbic kict sn priprl plr/

siccl lt sls ipbcbics pjbdisipjbquls `nbsnblct d(ieglt$ y nvnbt

aiupâ aiurt kncs dls oûols tlrols *1"# Lt í pnrtbr kl al tiur/

cnct qu(bds prlcclct lcsloedl$ cis klux nutlurs cl sl plrklct

pdus kl vul# D(utbdl lt d(jiccçtl cl `ict qu(uc$ lst/bd elsibc kl

dl kbrl9 piur snbct Noeribsl *;"# Lt dn prlobêrl kl als utbdls vlr/

tus aicsbstl í snvibr sl `nbrl nbolr *i"# ]iur dls hiuvlrclolcts

oçol a(lst dn olbddlurl pidbtbqul$ ngiutl/t/bd lc sl râ`ârnct

í Abaâric *0"# Dn arnbctl qul cius bcspbrics cius pritêhl

oibcs *8"# ‛ Ublc cl kiccl lcsubtl ku prlstbhl aiool k(çtrl

gustl# Kl dn gustbal iu kl dn snhlssl$ al qul cius prâ`ârics

triuvlr kncs nutrub a(lst dn gustbal *:"# Qnbct Noeribsl$ kncs

dl dbvrl prâaâklct nvnbt$ nu aictrnbrl$ sueirkiccâ dn gustbal#

Cius tbrlrics kl alttl aictrnkbatbic ucl prluvl kl d(bc`dulcal$

nu oibcs oiolctncâl$ qu(bd dnbssl prlckrl sur sn plcsâl pnr

uc oikêdl kict bd cl aribt lopructlr qul kls ankrls sncs bopir/

tncal# ‛ Onbs al qub najêvl k(nssurlr d(nutirbtâ k(uc jiool$

al sict sls vlrtus bckbvbkulddls$ dn ajnstltâ$ dl oâprbs kl tiutls

dls viduptâs$ dl oâprbs kld(nrhlct# Bd `nut snvibr sl aickubrl piur

aickubrl dls nutrls *2"# Abaâric nvnbt bckbquâ als kâvldipplolcts

lt diuâ$ tiut dl prloblr$ dl kâsbctârlsslolct *>="# Onbs al sict kl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl iS# $ BB$ di lt >0#

*5" Gk#$5>#

*1" Abaâric$ Kl i``#$ Vk# BB$ 5#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ BB$ 5<#

*<" Bk#$ 52#

*0" Bk# $ 1=#

*8" Bk#$ 1:#

*:" fd#$ <=#

*2" Bk#$ 056 A` r/#

*>=" Abaâric$ BB$ bd#



5>5 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ 3(#

als bckbantbics kict snbct Noeribsl neusl# Dls tlxtls kl Hb/

aâric cl dub slrvlct qul kl pibct kl kâpnrt lt k(iaansbic# Kl

oçol piur al qub subt# Bd y n pdusblurs `nèics k(çtrl eblc`nbsnct#

D(çtrl nvla sn eiursl clsd cb dn sludl cb dn olbddlurl# [iutl

eiursl n uc ìck# Dl aőur c(lc n pibct# Lt sn eblc`nbsncal

lst bcâpubsnedl# Bab snbct Noeribsl bcvlctl tiut lc bobtnct#

Bd nrrbvl alplcknct qul Hbaâric pnrdl k(nvncal uc dnchnhl

ajrâtblc lt qu(lc dl dbsnct cius ariyics kâgí dbrl snbct No/eribsl *>"# Bd `nut surtiut iedbhlr dls obsârnedls *5"# Dlur

rlaiccnbssncal lst pdus lctbêrl$ pdus kâhnhâl kl tiutl nrrbêrl

plcsâl# Dl rbajl siupèiccl uc andaud kncs vitrl eblc`nbt$ iu

dl slct plslr sur dub aiool uc `nrklnu# Bd vius lc vlut kl al

qu(bd vius kibt# ‛ ûb rlpriajl nbcsb í dn rbajlssl kl airrioprl

cis olbddlurs slctbolcts 9 ûb tâoibhcl nux pnuvrls alttl pnr/

tbndbtâ9 H(lst Hbaâric lt a(lst snbct Noeribsl tiut í dn ìbs# Onbs

snbct Noeribsl c(n lu prlsqul rblc í ngiutlr í al qu(nvnbt kbt

Hbaâric *1"# Hbaâric âtnbt oçol nddâ sb dibc qu(bd nvnbt aru klvibr

`nbrl alttl râslrvl 7 « Hl c(lst piurtnct pns ucl rnbsic pnral qu(uc

jiool lst rbajl piur dub rlùslr tiut slrvbal# ¶

Onbs a(lst snbct Noeribsl tiut slud qub$ quldquls dbhcls pdus

dibc$ prâtlck qu(lc ontbêrl kl ajnrbtâ bd `nut `nbrl pdus qu(ic

cl plut *;"# Dub/oçol$ dirs kl d(bcvnsbic kls Hitjs$ `bt nrhlct kl

tiut$ oçol kls trâsirs kl d(Lhdbsl$ lt bd râpick nux pjnrbsblcs

qub dub rlpriajlct al qu(bds nppldnblct ucl pri`ncntbic# Nprês

al pdnbkiylr$ sur dlquld cius rlvblckrics$ bd cl rlprlck pns

d(bobtntbic kl Hbaâric bctlrriopul# Hbaâric$ bd lst vrnb$

s(lst obs í pnrdlr pidbtbqul# Lt dl dbvrl s(najêvl sur quldquls

rlaioonckntbics tiutls hâcârndls$ kict dl tic lst aldub

k(ucl pârirnbsic# Bd lst í citlr qul Hbaâric lst neslct nu

*>" Cius vlrrics pdus dibc qulddls kb``ârlcals suesbstlct#

*5" Hbaâric ngiutl$ bd lst vrnb 7 « í oibcs qu(bds c(nblct oârbtâ dlur sirt ¶#

*1" Hbaâric$ Kl i``#$ BB$ 5=6 Qnbct Noefibsl$ Kb i``#$ BB$ >58#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ BB$ >10#



NCNDRQL K\ [UNB[Â « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 5>1

aioolcalolct lt í dn `bc ku slaick dbvrl aiool ku prloblr#

Dl kâeut ku dbvrl >>> lst onrquâ pnr d(ndtlrcncal prlsqul

râhudbêrl kl klux bcspbrntbics# A(lst uc plrpâtuld vn/lt/vblct kl

Abaâric nux tlxtls snbcts# Nprês uc kâvldipplolct sur dn vbl

bctârblurl kict ucl pjrnsl kl Abaâric nvnbt âtâ dl prâtlxtl$ onbs

sludlolct dl prâtlxtl$ snbct Noeribsl rlprikubt dn kbstbcatbic

kls klvibrs pnr`nbts lt kls klvibrs oiylcs$ pubs nrrbvl nux

aic`dbts kl d(utbdl lt kl d(jiccçtl# >> cl dls râsiut pns$ aiool

ic piurrnbt s(y nttlckrl$ lt aiool Dnatncal d(nvnbt d(nbt$ lc

prçajnct nux ajrâtblcs ucl oirndl kl d(bctârçt oblux

lctlcku *>"# ]iur dub als aic`dbts c(lxbstlct oçol pns# Anr dl

ajrâtblc cl rlajlrajl$ lc `nbt k(bctârçt$ qul d(bctârçt k(nutrub#

D(jiool$ kncs alttl psyajidihbl ciuvlddl$ lst uc çtrl lsslctbld/

dlolct ajnrbtnedl# A(lst sn qundbtâ priprl# Dls eçtls sl vidlct

dls ucls dls nutrls6 dls jiools s(lctr(nbklct# Bd cl s(nhbt pns

kl `nbrl kls n`dSnbrls$ cb kl prçtlr í bctârçt *5g# A(lst kicclr qu(bd

`nut lt bd c(lst pns plrobs kl cl pns kicclr#

]ubs vibab kl ciuvlnu ku Abaâric qub rânppnrnãt# Dls jiools

sict aiool als aicaurrlcts k(ucl aiursl diyndl qub kibvlct

duttlr sncs `rnukl */1"# Alttl aiopnrnbsic$ qul Abaâric dub/oçol

tlcnbt kl Ajrysbppl$ lst k(ucl bcspbrntbic oibcs âdlvâl qul tiut

al qub prâaêkl# Qnbct Noeribsl abtl lcsubtl dl ans kls klux

cnu`rnhâs *;"# Onbs bd c(y n pns dí piur dub kl kb``baudtâ6 anr

cius cl klvics cius prâ`ârlr í plrsiccl$ pns oçol nu vidlur

qub cius nttnqul *i"# Bcvbsbedl aiool Hyhês$ uc ajrâtblc c(lc

`lrnbt cb pdus cb oibcs# Knvbk cl pri`btn pibct ku sioolbd kl

sic lcclob piur dl `rnpplr$ onbs piur dl pritâhlr# Kl alttl

`nedl kl Hyhês Noeribsl tbrl k(nutrls dlèics bcnttlckuls lt$

*b" Alt nrhuolct$ ic s(lc siuvblct$ n âtâ kâvldippâ nu kâeut ku slaick

dbvrl#

*5" Qnb#o Noeribsl$ G"a i)`#$ >>>$ 5=/5>#

*1" dbD$ BBB$ 50#

*;" O#$ o$ 58#

*<" Bk#$ o$ 5:#



5>; DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

pnr lxlopdl$ qu(bd dnbbt snvibr vbvrl anajâ# ]ubs bd aicknoclklrlajl` tiutl spâaudntbic lt `nbt nux onrajncks kl edâ

k(Ndlxnckrbl kl kâknbhclusls nddusbics# Bd cl aioprlck pns

knvnctnhl qu(ic nbt pu kbsautlr alttl qulstbic$ sb plcknct ucl

kbslttl ic n dl kribt kl sl kâ`nbrl kls âtrnchlrs *b"# ‛ Onbs a(lst

surtiut nux prçtrls qul dn ajnrbtâ aioonckl# Lux surtiut

kibvlct sl dnbsslr `rnpplr sncs râsbstncal# Bd râpêtl í dlur bctlc/

tbic spâabndl dl7

cbbddb cialnt cl dnalssbtus qbkklo *5"# Luxsurtiut lctbc cl kibvlct pns sl oçdlr k(n``nbrls k(nrhlct#

Dl pdnc kl Abaâric$ qu(bd subt kl dibc$ noêcl snbct Noeribsl

í trnbtlr kls `rnukls rldntbvls nux tlstnolcts lt nux aictrnts#

Dí lcairl bd c(y n pns piur dub ontbêrl í kbsaussbic# Anr cic

sludlolct bd `nut cl trioplr lc rblc$ onbs bd `nut sl dnbsslr

trioplr# Bd c(lc rnaictl pns oibcs$ aiool •# ucl nousnctl

nclakitl$ dl suetlr`uhl ku encqublr syrnausnbc ]ytjbus nuquld

`ut prbs Ancbcs$ d(nontlur kl gnrkbcs# Bd c(lst pns âdibhcâ kl

plcslr qul Ancbcs c(n lu qul al qu(bd oârbtnbt$ lt qu(uc l``âobcâ

aiool dub cl vnut huêrl oblux qul dl `bdiu qub spâaudl sur sn

slcsundbtâ *1"# ‛ Lc`bc Abaâric kbsautnbt dls ans kl aicsablcal

nuxqulds plut kicclr dblu d(lxâautbic k(ucl priolssl# Bd vnut

oblux vbidlr ucl priolssl qul kl `nbrl ucl ajisl jictlusl *;"$

râpick snbct Noeribsl$ qul dn rldbhbic ku slrolct loenrrnssl

oibcs# Abaâric âtnbt cnturlddlolct aickubt pnr alt irkrl kl

qulstbics nu ans kl Uâhudus$ í alttl hdirblusl plrsiccb`bantbic

kls aic`dbts kl d(utbdl lt kl d(jiccçtl$ lt dl Kl I``babbs s(najlvnbt

sur alt lxlopdl kl vlrtu ajlr nu pntrbitbsol rionbc#

Qnbct Noeribsl qubttl bab prlsqul kâ`bcbtbvlolct sic oikêdl$

lt olt eiut í eiut pdusblurs jbstibrls kl d(Ncablc [lstnolct qub

ict$ piur dn kâoicstrntbic oirndl qu(bd tlctl$ uc tirt aioouc#

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ BBB$ ;<#

*5" O#$ BBB$ <2#

*1" Bk#$ BBB$ 85#

*;" \#$ o$ 80#



NCNDRQL K\ [UNB[Â « KLQ KLPÖB\Q ¶ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 5>1

Pius nvblz snarb`bâ [bctârêt nu klvibr# Qurvblct uc obrnadl qub

vius râaioplcsl lt nssurl dn rlvncajl kl vitrl bctârçt *> "# Onbsaldn cl priuvl rblc piur dl aioouc kls oirtlds í qub sls

snarb`bals slrnblct dnbssls piur aioptl# A(lst dn vlrtu gubvl qub

nttlck kl Kblu sic prbx kês bab/ens 6 al c(lst pns dn vlrtu ajrâ/

tblccl# \c kls lxlopdls abtâs pnr snbct Noeribsl n tiutlìbs

pdus k(ncndihbl nvla dls ans kl aicsablcal abaâricblcs# Unhuld

nvnbt ucl `bddl í onrblr# Qnbct Noeribsl$ dl aiopnrnct í aldub

qub nvnbt ucl onbsic í vlckrl$ triuvl sic ans pdus bctârlssnct

lt lbgt pdutût lxausâ kl sn pnrt quldquls râtbalcals# Unhuld `bt

alplcknct í sic ùtur hlckrl$ í [iebl$ kls aic`bklcals qub

âtnblct kl cnturl í dl kâaiurnhlr *5"# ‛ Lc`bc Noeribsl$ í

pripis k(Nctbiajus lt k(Nonc$ sl dnbssl nddlr í ucl kbhrlssbic

sur d(nobtbâ lt sur dls priedêols oirnux kict lddl lst ucl kls

kiccâls# Alttl kbhrlssbic$ qub s(najêvl lc ucl l`ùsbic pblusl

sur d(nobtbâ ku Ajrbst$ dub slrt kl aicadusbic#

Cius c(nvics pu olctbicclr$ nu aiurs kl alttl ncndysl$ tiutls

dls vbidlcals qul snbct Noeribsl `nbt nu pdnc kl Abaâric# Cic

sludlolct bd cl prlck kl Abaâric qul al qu(bd dub pdnbt$ onbs bd

trncspisl dls ajnpbtrls lt dls bkâls# Nu kâeut kl sic prloblr

bvrl$ pnr lxlopdl$ lc trnènct dls klvibrs kls glucls hlcs$ bd

s(bcspbrl kls klrcblrs ajnpbtrls ku dbvrl airrlspicknct kl

Abaâric qub riudl sur dn eblcsâncal# Kbrics/cius qul$ piur

bobtlr nbcsb$ bd `nut pissâklr knvnctnhl d(nutlur qul d(ic bobtl 9

\cl bobtntbic pdus oâtjikbqul priuvl sbopdlolct qul d(ic n

sic oikêdl sius dls ylux# A(lst kncs d(lsprbt qul snbct Noeribsl

n dl sblc prâslct tiut lctblr í dn ìbs# ‛ K(nbddlurs$ kl Abaâric$ bd

cl aiccnãt pns sludlolct dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs# Anr í d(bobtntbic

qu(bd lc `nbt bd oûdl d(bobtntbic k(nutrls iuvrnhls ku oûolnutlur# BB abtl dl trnbtâ Kl dn Uâpuedbqul *1"# Bd lxpisl knprês dl

*>" Qnbct Nobbribsf$ Kl i``#$ BBB$ 25$ >==#

*5" ék#$ Bdd$ 20/28#

*1" Bk#$ B$ ;#1#



•5>0 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

Kl@bcbeus lt dls [usaudncls dls tjâirbls ncablccls ku siuvlrnbc

eblc *>"# Bd trncsarbt prlsqul tlxtulddlolct uc rnbsicclolct

tbrâ ku oçol Kl @bcbeus *5"# Bd aipbl uc pnssnhl kls Âaici/

obqulsS iò Abaâric nvnbt trnkubt Zâcipjic *1"# Anr cius cl

suppisics pns qu(bd [nbt prbs kncs Zâcipjic# Lc`bc tiutl dn `bc

kl sic tribsbêol dbvrl lst ucl bobtntbic ku trnbtâ Kl PNobtbâS

nuquld bd klvnbt kâgí [lxlopdl k(Irlstl lt kl ]ydnkl$ lt qub$

kncs dl prloblr dbvrl$ dub nvnbt ìurcb alttl pjrnsl 7 « \cl siabâtâ

iò cl erbddl pns ucl eblcvlbddncal outulddl lst aiool ucoickl qub slrnbt prbvâ kl sic sidlbd *;" ¶# Qnbct Noeribsl âtnbt

kica ciurrb kl Abaâric# Qls nutrls iuvrnhls cius lc ìurcbsslct

k(nutrls prluvls# Bd lst oibcs `nobdblr nvla dls nutrls pjbdi/

sipjls kl d(nctbqubtâ# Kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs$ bd abtl ]dntic *<"

lt Nrbstitl *0"$ onbs ucl ìbs ajnauc sludlolct# Q(bd n du dl

trnbtâ Kl dn Aidêrl lt dl trnbtâ Kls Eblc`nbts kl Qâcêqul$ aiool

quldquls ncndihbls kl plcsâl dl `lrnblct suppislr$ tiugiurs lst/bd

qu(bd cl dl kbt pns lt dn ajisl rlstl kiutlusl#

Bdy n lcairl klux qulstbics nuxqulddls cius klvics râpic/

krl# ûlddl lst dn kntl ku trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs kl snbct Noeribsl9

Kbvlrsls nddusbics jbstirbquls plrolttlct kl dn `bxlr nux nccâls

kl trncqubddbtâ rldntbvl qub subvbrlct dn vbatibrl kl [jâikirl sur

Onxbol# Dn sludl ajisl qub cius bopirtl k(nbddlurs a(lst qul

al sibt ucl őuvrl kl dn pdlbcl onturbtâ k(Noeribsl# Ir dn

aiccnbssncal nppriìckbl kls tlxtls snbcts kict bd y `nbt prluvl

cl dnbssl nuauc kiutl sur al pibct# Aldn c(lopçajl pns qul

quldquls pnhls nblct pu çtrl âarbtls í ucl kntl nctârblurl$ pnr

lxlopdl dls prlobêrls pnhls$ tiutls pdlbcls kl [âoitbic lt kl

dn oiklstbl k(uc slroiccnbrl qub kâeutl# ‛ >> y n lc l``lt kls

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ td$ ;#

*5" Bk#$ BB$ 5>#

*1" Bab#$ o$ 1:#

*;" Bk#$ B$ >08#

*<" O#$ B$ ;1#

*0" )*)#$ B$ <=#



NCNDRQL K\ [BÃNB[L « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 5>8

slroics adncs dl dlxda ku trnbtâ Kan KlvibrsS lt a(lst dn slaickl

qulsdbicqul cius viudics trncajlr# Alrtnbcs oiralnux pluvlct

sl kâtnajlr lt ìrolr uc tiut# Qnbct Noeribsl n kö prçajlr sur

dl sbdlcal lt sur d(juobdbtâ$ sur dls klvibrs kls glucls hlcs$ sur

d(nobtbâ$ sur d(n``nbrl kls vnsls snarâs$ piur cl abtlr

qul als lxlopdls$ lt `nbrl lctrlr als slroics kncs dl ankrl ku

dbvrl *gua pdus tnrk bd lctrlprbt k(âarbrl# Onbs aldn cl vlut pns

kbrl qul dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs cl sibt quSucl sârbl kl slroics#

Qnbct Noeribslpnrdl

kl aluxqub dl dbrict

*>"#Lt c(löt/bd pns

âtâ sb prâabs$ qul dl tic lt d(irkiccncal kl alrtnbcls pnrtbls kl

sic őuvrl cl cius plrolttlct pns kl cius trioplr *5"#

Qnbct Noeribsl n utbdbsâ kls slroics# Onbs a(lst nutrl ajisl

qu(uc slroic iu qul kls slroics qu(bd n viudu `nbrl 7 bd n

viudu `nbrl uc dbvrl#

ûl al dbvrl sibt sbchudbêrlolct aiopisâ$ aldn râsudtl$

aiool ucl aicsâqulcal bcâvbtnedl$ kl tiut al qul cius vlcics

kl kbrl# Bd bobtl sncs `bkâdbtâ uc nutrl dbvrl qub âtnbt kâgí ucl

bobtntbic$ lt$ aiool sb al c(âtnbt pns nsslz kl als anusls kl

kâsirkrl$ bd `nbt pdnal lc dub í kls kâvldipplolcts vlcus

k(nbddlurs lt qub ìrolct nutnct kl kbhrlssbics# Cius nurbics

kica í y sbhcndlr pdus G(uc kâ`nut kl ìrol$ nvnct k(y ajlrajlr

kls aictrnkbatbics k(bkâls# Onbs bd cl s(nhbt pns bab kl arbtbqul

dbttârnbrl# Lt sb ic lc viudnbt `nbrl$ bd slrnbt bcgustl kl trip

rnenbsslr d(őuvrl k(Noeribsl nu pri`bt kl alddl kl Abaâric# Alc(lst pns sludlolct qunck bd aipbl Abaâric qul snbct Noeribsl

âarbt eblc# Bd lst dub/oûol lt cnturlddlolct âdiqulct# Q(bd c(lst

pns pdus âdiqulct qul Abaâric$ bd lst pdus nrklctS lt dn ajndlur

kl sn plcsâl ncbol lt aidirl sic stydl# Lt lddl triuvl k(lddl/

oçol *|uldqulìbs$ sbcic tiugiurs$ ucl ìrol jlurlusl lt ìrtl#

Al c(lst gnonbs uc onuvnbs dbvrl$ oçol nu pibct kl vul kl

d(nrt$ qul aldub iò s(lst lxprboâ uc ciedl lsprbt lt uc hrnck aőur#

*>" Qnbct Nojbbibsf$ Ki i``#$ B$ 52#

*5" Lc rlvncajl dn `bc ku dbvrl BB lst nesiduolct ucl `bc kl slroic#



5>: DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

BBB

Dl stiéabsol kl snbct Noeribsl#

Cius viukrbics onbctlcnct$ nu rbsqul kl tioelr kncs kls

rlkbtls$ bcsbstlr sur al qul snbct Noeribsl s(lst nssbobdâ kl dn

oirndl stiéablccl$ lt kls lopructs kl ankrls lt kl tlxtls$ qul

cius nvics bcaiopdêtlolct sbhcndâs$ kâhnhlr dls lopructs

k(bkâls# Oblux qul tiutl nutrl$ dn oirndl stiéablccl sl prçtnbt í kl

tlds lopructs# Qic anrnatêrl ìrold dnbssnbt pdus k(âdnstbabtâ nux

prlsarbptbics pnrtbaudbêrls kict dn oiebdbtâ cl d(nttlbhcnbt pns

kncs sls prbcabpls# Lddl nvnbt kâgí âviduâ6 lddl nvnbt su kurlr#

Kncs d(âtnt iò lddl pnrvblct í snbct Noeribsl$ pnr d(bctlroâkbnbrl

kl Abaâric$ lddl c(lst kâgí pdus uc systêol tiut k(ucl pbêal# >>

c(y n pdus lc lddl qul dls âdâolcts qub ict râsbstâ í d(âprluvl ku

tlops lt kl d(lxpârblcal# ûlds sict alux qub nurict râsbstâ í

alttl âprluvl pdus rlkiutnedl$ d(bcvnsbic kls bkâls ajrâtblccls$

lt qub vict triuvlr kncs d(lcslbhclolct k(Noeribsl dl rnglu/

cbsslolct kict bds nvnblct elsibc9

Dn oirndl stiéablccl lst ìckâl sur ucl psyajidihbl qub

pâcêtrl nvla lddl kncs dl dbvrl k(Noeribsl# Bd y n klux prbcabplsk(natbic 7 dn rnbsic lt dls pnssbics6 vibdí ucl n``brontbic qul

snbct Noeribsl rlprikubt í kb``ârlctls rlprbsls *>"# Cius vlrrics

oçol qu(bd lxnhêrl al kundbsol lt gustb`bl$ oblux qul dls stié/

ablcs$ sn kâ`bncal í d(âhnrk kl alrtnbcls pnssbics# Bd vn sncs

kbrl qul dn rnbsic kibt trbiopjlr# û(lst/al qul dn rnbsic9 Aldn

lst nutrl ajisl lt dn psyajidihbl kl snbct Noeribsl cl vn pns

gusqu(í nppriìckbr alttl qulstbic# Onbs bd kbt qul cius klvics

rlckrl rnbsic kl cis natbics *5"$ al qub lst três stiéablc# ûnct

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ 2:$ >=0#

*5" Bk#$ B$ 55:#



DL Q[IÉABQOL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 5>2

nux pnssbics$ a(lst nussb lc stiéablc qu(bd lc pnrdl# ûnck lddls

cl slctlct pdus dl `rlbc kl dn rnbsic$ al sict kls ajlvnux lo/

pirtâls6 lddls glttlct pnrtiut dl kâsirkrl6 lddls ìct plrkrl í

[íol sic prâablux âqubdberl lt nu vbsnhl oûol alttl hrnvbtâ

kict uc Uionbc arnbct tnct kl sl kâpnrtbr *>"# Ulonrquics

tiutlìbs qul$ piurvu qul dls pnssbics rlstlct í dlur pdnal$

snbct Noeribsl dls y dnbssl lt cl dls trnbtl pibct nvla d(bctrnc/

sbhlncal stiéablccl#

Aictrl dn aidêrl$ lc pnrtbaudblr$ bd c(âdêvl uc edåol qul piurdl rltbrlr iu d(nttâculr *5"# Bd aribt nux snbctls aidêrls# Cl pibct

sl olttrl lc aidêrl slrnbt pnrìbs oiddlssl lt bckb``ârlcal *1"#

Onbs bd `nut aictlcbr alttl aidêrl lt cl pibct pâajlr# Dl ajrbs/

tbncbsol `nbt kl tiut dl aőur juonbc uc trip `râqulct lopdib

piur qu(uc ajrâtblc pubssl çtrl stiéablc gusqu(nu eiut# Al sict

dls oirndls bctlddlatundbstls qub cl pnrkicclct pns í dn aidêrl$

pnral qu(lddl lst dl trbiopjl oiolctncâ kl cibrl slcsbebdbtâ

sur dn adnbrl lt `ribkl bctlddbhlcal# Nussb dls ncablcs$ piur qub

sablcal lt vlrtu sl aicìcknblct$ âarbvnblct/bds « aictrl dn

aidêrl ¶# Dls ajrâtblcs slrnblct pdus tlctâs k(âarbrl aictrl dn

rnbsic lddl/oçol# Ir dn kb``ârlcal kl klux oirndls rlssirt

nutnct kl al qu(lddls kâ`lcklct qul kl al qu(lddls aiooncklct#

Ic ippisl k(irkbcnbrl dls vlrtus ajrâtblccls nux vlrtus stié/

ablccls# Bd slrnbt cic oibcs bctârlssnct k(ippislr al qub lst

ond sldic dls ajrâtblcs í al qub lst ond sldic dls stiéablcs# Bd `nut

kica s(âticclr klvibr snbctNoeribsl kicclr$ ondhrâ tiut$ í dn

rnbsic ucl tlddl pnrt kncs dl hiuvlrclolct kl dn vbl$ lt olttrl

al pibct kl kiatrbcl í d(natb` kl d(bc`dulcal qul d(ic snbt# Qn oi/

rndl hnrkl pnr dí uc nbr kl oirndl pjbdisipjbqul lt bckâplcknctl#

Aictbcuics kl krlsslr dl ebdnc kl alttl bc`dulcal# Dl pri/

edêol ku siuvlrnbc eblc lst uc priedêol nctbqul kict cius

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ 55:#

*5" Bk#$ B$ >1$ 2=/2=#

*1" Bk#$ >$20#



55= DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ «' KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

rltriuvics d(âaji kncs snbct Noeribsa# D(lxprlssbic kâvbl jlu/

rlusl qu(bd lopdibl siuvlct cius rlpirtl lc nrrbêrl$ lc pdlbc

stiéabsol# Ic s(nttlck ku oibcs í ucl sidutbic ciuvlddl kl al

vblux priedêol 7 dn vbl jlurlusl qul dls ncablcs c(ict kâ`bcb/

tbvlolct triuvâl cb kncs dl pdnbsbr cb kncs dn vlrtu$ dn vbl jlu/

rlusl bopissbedl í rândbslr bab/ens$ a(lst dn vbl `uturl$ a(lst dl

eicjlur$ dl eicjlur âtlrcld$ bc`bcb$ onbs dl eicjlur oârbtâ

pnr dn vlrtu lt pnr d(iuedb oiolctncâ qu(ic n `nbt kl dub#

Aldn lst eblc kncs snbct Noeribsl lt aldn lst ucl ciuvlnutâ

tlddl qu(nuaucl kiatrbcl nctbqul c(lc nvnbt nppirtâ kl pnrlbddl#

Onbs qunck bd trnbtl kl dn vbl jlurlusl$ a(lst nutrl ajisl qu(bd

lctlck lt$ aiool snbct Nuhustbc kncs sls lctrltblcs kl Anssb/

abnauo$ bd s(âanrtl oibcs kls sidutbics pnélccls# A(lst kês bab/

ens qu(bd pdnal dn vbl jlurlusl# Bd dn `nbt aicsbstlr kncs dn prn/

tbqul ku eblc gibctl í dn aiccnbssncal kl Kblu*d"# Lt$ lc uc slcs$

dn olctbic `nbtl kl alttl slaickl aickbtbic c(lst pns lddl/oçol

ucl bccivntbic# Anr piur ]dntic lt piur alrtnbcs stiéablcs$ piur

Abaâric dub/oçol$ dn sablcal âtnbtucâdâolct kl eicjlur# D(ie/

glt kl alttl sablcal sludl n prbs uc c(io lt s(lst prâabsâ# Lcairl

nrrbvl/t/bd í snbct Noeribsl k(âarbrl sablcal tiut aiurt aiool uc

ncablc *5"# Dn vbl jlurlusl lst kiccâl aiool uc oiylc piur

nrrbvlr í dn vbl âtlrclddl$ onbs al oit dub/oçol kl vbl âtlrclddl

cl vlut pns tiugiurs kbrl al qul cius slrbics cnturlddlolct

pirtâs í aribrl# Ku oibcs y n/t/bd *guldqul noebhuétâ kncs dls

tlxtls# Pbl âtlrclddl lt vbl jlurlusl sict tnctût kbstbcatls *1"$

*>" Qnbct Nobãjibsf$ Kl i``#$ >>$ bg#

*5" 8()#$ Bd$ =# Bbbciaabbtbn id sablctbn elntucb `nabuct#

*1" BB#$ Bd$ >:# Pbbdudl sidn vbdnbc prőstnrb elntno$ plr quno vbtn n(tlrcn

naqubrbdur# Lwndk *kbsslrtntbic abtâl" kbsautl piur snvibr sb quno sl

rnppirtl í vbrtubl iu í vbtno# Kncs dl prloblr ans$ r*(4n őtlrcn lt vbdn

elntn kâplckbnblct nu oçol tbtrl kl dn vlrtu# Kncs dl slaick$ vbtn elntn

slrnbt aiool uc oiylc tlrcl$ lt slrnbt nvlarb`n őtlrcn kncs dl rnppirt kl

anusl í ld[lt# Kl tiutl `nèic$ kncs al tlxtl$ lddls sict kbstbcatls d(ucl kl

d(nutrl#



DL Q[IÉABQOL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 55>

tnctût aicìckuls *>"# Kncs al klrcblr ans$ âtlrcld prlck uc

sics ncndihul í aldub qul dub kiccl siuvlct Qpbcizn$ uc nutrl

stiéablc$ dl slcs k(nesidu# ûb löt aru qul cius nurbics í rnppri/

ajlr snbct Noeribsl kl Qpbcizn9

ûnct í dn vlrtu$ lddl aictrbeul í dn vbl jlurlusl pnr dn

gibl bctbol kl dn aicsablcal qu(lddl anusl# ûl aldn lst lcairl

stiéablc. N uc ajrâtblc piurtnct alttl sncatbic bctârblurl cl

su``bt pns# >> piurrnbt oûol çtrl tlctâ k(lc rnenbsslr dl prbx

piur qul dn câalssbtâ oirndl k(ucl nutrl ìrol kl gustbal

nppnrnbssl nvla pdus k(âadnt# Qnbct Noeribsl c(n pns aiccu

alttl tlctntbic$ lt ic kbrnbt oçol qu(bd c(n pns slctb alttl bcsu`/

`bsncal# Bd rlvblct í onbctls rlprbsls sur al guhlolct kiolstbqul

*a(lst sic lxprlssbic" nuquld plrsiccl cl plut âajnpplr 7 « Pius

nvlz snarb`bâ uc klvibr í al qul vius guhblz kl vitrl bctârçt6

onuvnbs andaud . anr bd c(lst pns kl oirt$ kl plrtl k(nrhlct$ kl ob/

sêrl$ k(lxbd qub sibt í aiopnrlr í al qul vius lckurlrlz# ¶ Al c(lst

pns kls plbcls âtlrclddls$ onbs ku rloirks qu(Noeribsl pnrdl lc

als tlrols *5"# Cius ariyics qul dl pâajlur n lcairl kls gibls#

Cius aictlopdics sls `lstbcs$ cius nssbstics í sn prispârbtâ#

Cius dl viyics rbajl$ eblc pirtnct$ lctiurâ k(ucl cioerlusl

`nobddl# Onbs sb cius viybics kncs sn aicsablcal . Dl ondjlu/

rlux. plut/ic oçol kbrl qu(bd n kls lc`ncts$ pubsqu(bd cl viu/

krnbt pns qul alux qub slrictjârbtblrs kl sls eblcsùsslctdbârbtblrs

kl sic åol *1"# D(bopbl lstsic priprlajítbolct$ dl gustl sn pri/

prl râaioplcsl *;"# Dl prbx kl cis eiccls lt kl cis onuvnbsls

natbics lst lc cius/oçols#

Onbs í quib rlaiccnãtrl ucl eiccl natbic 9 ]ns pdus qul dls

stiéablcs$ snbct Noeribsl c(n d(bkâl kl dn aicsablcal prâvlcnctl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``(#$ Bd$ ># Elntnbc vbtno *bbbncb sarbpdurn nppaddnt

vbtno ntlrcno$ A`# >>$<#*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ BBB$ 5;#

*1" Bk#$ >#;0#

*;" Bk#



555 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

qub cius kadnbrl lt cius aioonckl# Dl rûdl kl dn aicsablcal

c(lst piur dub qul pistârblur í d(natbic# Bd `nut kica ajlrajlr

kncs d(natbic lddl/oûol uc sbhcl qub dn kbstbchul# \c kls arb/

têrls ‛ cius ci kbsics pnr dl slud ‛ qul snbct Noeribsl bc/

viqul lst dl arbtêrl stiéablc kl dn aicìrobtâ í dn cnturl# Dl

ajrbstbncbsol c(lst alrtls pns ucl kiatrbcl cnturndbstl$ lt vibdí

qul quldqul ajisl pâcêtrl lc dub kl d(nctbqul bkidåtrbl kict dn

cnturl ùt d(ieglt# ]nr cnturl snbct Noeribsl lctlck k(neirkcis slctbolcts cnturlds# Q(bd n tnct k(bckudhlcal piur dn aidêrl$

a(lst qu(lddl lst uc kl als slctbolcts *>"# Lt a(lst prlsqul í

ajnqul pnhl qul cis oncbêrls k(çtrl sict guhâlseiccls iu onu/

vnbsls$ aiool aicìrols iu aictrnbrls í dn cnturl# Ic triuvl

oçol ajlz snbct Noeribsl alttl pjrnsl 7 «Dn cnturl lt dn vi/

dictâ kl Kblu cius irkicclct iu eblc cius kâ`lcklct *5"$ ¶ aiool

sb$ lctrl als klux prbcabpls$ uc ajrâtblcc(nvnbt gnonbs í ajibsbr#

Lc`bc qunck bd s(nhbt cic pdus kl tlddl iu tlddl vlrtu$ onbs kl dn

vlrtu kncs sic lcsloedl lt qul snbct Noeribsl vlut kicclr

ucl kâ`bcbtbic hâcârndl$ dl « slauckuo cnturno vbvlrl ¶$ sncs

qu(nuaucl ieglatbic sl prâslctl í sic lsprbt$ vblct lctrl sn

oirndl lt dls oirndls pnssâls olttrl pdus kl rlssloedncal

qu(bd c(lc löt nviuâ *1"# Lt pnrìbs dl slcs pdus oâtnpjysbqul

kl dn ìroudl nctbqul `nbt erêajl kncs sn plcsâl$ lt al c(lst

pdus sludlolct í citrl cnturl oirndl qul d(âviqul stiéablc

klonckl kls dlèics# Dn cnturl lst bcstbtutrbal kl puklur6

lddl/oçol n anajâ lt aiuvlrt al qu(lddl vlut qul cius aiuvrbics

lt qul cius anajbics knvnctnhl *;"# Lddl lst bcstbtutrbal kl

ajnrbtâ 6 lddl n âtnedb piur alrtnbcs kl sls kics$ aiool d(nbr$

aiool d(lnu$ ucl aiooucnutâ cnturlddl lctrl dls jiools

*>" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl i``#$ B$ ;=#

*5" O#$ B$ >1#

*1" Gk#$ B$ >11#

*;" \#$ >$5556 >>>$5:#

*<" Gk#$ B$ 8:#



DL Q[IÉABQOL KL QNBC[ NOdbUIBQL# 557{

qu(bds c(ict pdus qu(í bobtlr# Dn `nobddl$ ajisl cnturlddl$ lst

ucl âaidl kl râabpriabtâ *>"# ûibqul dn prntbqul kl alttl râab/

priabtâ sibt dn vlrtu juonbcl pnr lxalddlcal$ d(őuvrl priprl

kl d(jiool$ aiool löt kbt Nrbstitl$ alttl vlrtu lst lc hlrol

ajlz dls ncbonux *5"# ]iur lddl/oçol kica bd c(y n pibct

k(ippisbtbic lctrl dn dib oirndl lt dls dibs cnturlddls# Dn tlrrl$

lc rlcknct nu alctupdl tiut al qub dub lst aic`bâ$ cius npprlck

lcairl aioolct bd `nut rlckrl dls eblc`nbts rlèus *1"# Lc`bc

c(nvics/cius pns kâgí abtâ alttl dlèic kl sidbknrbtâ qul cius

rlalvics kl tiut al qub vbt$ pubsqul dn vbl k(uc irhncbsol

kâplck kl d(âqubdberl qul hnrklct lctrl lux dls irhncls qub dl

aiopislct9

\c nutrl anrnatêrl kl oûol privlcncal kbstbchul dn vlrtu

sldic snbct Noeribsl 7 a(lst d(irkrl$ d(jnroicbl# Dn vbl lctbêrl

kibt sl rlssloedlr# Cis natbics$ cis pnridls$ kibvlct ìrolr

aiool uc aicalrt *;"# Al sict dí ìroudls aicculs# Cius lcrlcaictrlrics k(ncndihuls qunck cius ajlrajlrics kncs snbct

Noeribsl dn trnal ku audtl kls stiéablcs piur dn elnutâ#

Dn vlrtu$ tlddl qul dn aicèibt snbct Noeribsl$ n tlddlolct sn

râaioplcsl lc lddl/oçol qul tiut dl rlstl dub lst bckb``ârlct#

Dls eblcs lxtârblurs sict bcutbdls nu eicjlur ku ajrâtblc$ oçolbab/ens *1"# Bd lst jlurlux kncs dn kiudlur qul dl ajnrol siu/

vlrnbc kl sn vlrtu rlck bopubssnctl lt kbssbpl *0"# Q(bd lst kls

nolrtuols alplcknct kict dl hiöt sl oçdl nux gibls kl dn

aicsablcal$ bd `nut kbrl k(lddls qu(lddls sict aiool als cunhls

qub c(lopçajlct pns dl abld k(çtrl edlu$ aiool als onuvnbsls

jlrels qub cl ìct pibct qul dn râaidtl cl tblccl sls priols/

*>" Qoct Nojfibsf$ Kl i``#$ B$ >0=#

*5" Bk#$ dbt$ 5>#

*1" 8r)#$ B$ >=>#

*;> d\#$ B$ Qb"# 55;$ 552#

*<" )(#)#$ B# >:>6 >>$:$ >:#

*0" Bk#$ BB# >=#



55; DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

sls *>"#Q(bd

clplutrblc rltrncajlr ku eicjlur$ í pdus ìrtl rnb/sic dl oickl lxtârblur cl plut/bd rblc dub ngiutlr# Dn vlrtu c(n

pns elsibc qul dn viduptâ dn pritêhl *5"# Al qub lst ku sbêadl

c(lst rblc# Qic ir cl cius `nbt pns rbajls *1"$ lt al sict cis kâsbrs

qub cius ìct pnuvrls *;"# Bd y n kncs dn oirndl kl snbct Noeribsl

kls âdâolcts qub sict nu oçol tbtrl ajrâtblcs lt stiéablcs$ lt qub

ict pu dub vlcbr kls klux aûtâs í dn ìbs# D(nsaâtbsol ajrâtblc

sl rlcaictrnbt nvla dl stiéabsol kncs al oâprbs pnrnkixnd kl

tiut al qub cl s(nkrlssl lc cius qu(í dn ontbêrl# Onbs vibab kls

pnrnkixls qub cl sict qu(nux stiéablcs# Dl snhl c(lst gnonbs lc

lxbd pubsqul tiutls dls rbajlssls dub nppnrtblcclct# Ku stiéabsol

lc`bc vblct al rlhnrk kl oâprbs qul snbct Noeribsl prçtl nu

snhl lc`lroâ kncs sn vlrtu aiool kncs ucl ìrtlrlssl$ lt qu(bd

glttl cic sur sls obsêrls í dub$ onbs sur dls pnssbics k(nutrub#

Ic löt nttlcku k(uc ajrâtblc pdus kl pbtbâ *<"#

Dl snhl stiéablc âtnbt ucl `batbic# Ic c(lc plut kbrl nutnct kusnhl ajrâtblc$ pubsqu(bd y n lu kls snbcts$ pubsqul Kblu s(lst `nbt

jiool lt n kiccâ nux jiools d(lxlopdl vbvnct kl dn plr`la/

tbic oirndl# >> `nut oçol s(lctlckrl sur dl slcs kls oits lt cl

pns nppdbqulr dls lxprlssbics kl pnr`nbt lt kl gustl nux jiools

kl dn oçol `nèic qu(ic dls nppdbqul í Kblu *0"# [iutlìbs bd

c(lst pns kiccâ í tius k(nttlbckrl oçol dn plr`latbic juonbcl$

lt snbct Noeribsllopructl í al suglt dn kbstbcatbic stiéablccl

kls klvibrs pnr`nbts lt kls klvibrs oiylcs$ lc dn prlcnct

kncs sic slcs dl oibcs pjbdisipjbqul# [jâsnurbslr lt `nbrl kl

eics kãclrs$ vibdí dn olsurl kl d(jiccçtltâ vudhnbrl6 onbs

glöclr$ sl aictlctlr kl plu$ cl rlsslctbr piur al qul cius cl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ BB$ 5> 6 A`# Abaâfic$ Kl `bcbeus$ P#

*5" O#$ Bd$ 2#

*1" O#$ B$ ><;6 A`# BB$ >1#

*;" Bk#$ B$ ><<#

*<" Bk#$ J$ 006 A`# BBB$ 8#

*0g Bk#$ o$ >>#



d$L Q[IÉABQOL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 55<

pissâkics pibctnuaucl aicvibtbsl$ vibdí uc oârbtl pdus rnrl nu/

quld slud dl cio kl vlrtu aicvblct *>"# Hråal í alttl kbstbcatbic

dl ajrbstbncbsol cl râpukbl pns dn oirndl nctbqul$ bd dn sueir/

kiccl# D(nctbqubtâ c(n aiccu qul dls klvibrs oiylcs$ dls klvibrs

ciuvlnux qul dl ajrbstbncbsol nppirtl sict dls klvibrs pnr`nbts#

Hråal í alttl oçol kbstbcatbic$ piur çtrl ajrâtblc bd su``bt nprês

tiut k(çtrl k(jiccçtl jiool$ lt alux qul kâaiurnhlnblct alrtnb/

cls lxbhlcals triuvlct kncs dl riynuol kl Kblu ucl pirtl í

dlur tnbddl# Onbs$ nu/klssus kl al ajrbstbncbsol kl tiut dl oickl$bd y n dl ajrbstbncbsol kls pnr`nbts# Qnbct Noeribsl abtl í sic tiur

alttl saêcl kl d(Lvnchbdl qul Adâolct cius n kâgí rnaictâl# \cglucl jiool s(nppriajl ku Ajrbst lt dub klonckl al qu(bd `nut

`nbrl piur ietlcbr dn vbl âtlrclddl 7 « Cl aioolts cb jiobabkl$

cb nkudtêrl$ cl vidl pibct$ cl pirtl pibct kl `nux tâoibhcnhl$

jicirl tic pêrl lt tn oêrl$ nbol tic priajnbc aiool tib/

oçol# ‛ Onbs a(lst al qul gl `nbs klpubs qul gl subs câ#Lst/al dí tiut9 ‛ Qb tu vlux çtrl pnr`nbt$ rlprlck dl Ajrbst$

vibab al qu(bd `nut `nbrl 7 vlcks tls eblcs$ kiccl dl oictnct nux

pnuvrls lt tu nurns uc trâsir nu abld$ pubs vblcs lt subs/oib *5"# ¶

Onbs ic plut cl pns viudibr çtrl pnr`nbt# Lt vibdí aioolct dn

tjâirbl stiéablccl kls klux lspêals kl klvibrs slrt í aioolc/

tlr dls pnridls ku Ajrbst lt vblct aic`brolr dn kbstbcatbic kls

prâalptls lt kls aicslbds#

Bd c(lst pns gusqu(í dn kiatrbcl naalssibrl kl d(nvncalolct

oirnd *ziay/i/rrr$" qub c(nbt sic âaji kncs dls I``bals k(Noeribsl#

Bd y n tribs lspêals k(jiools lc `nal k(ucl bcgurl rlèul 7 alux

qub dn rlcklct$ alux qub cl dn rlcklct pns$ lt alux lc`bc qub

eâcbsslct d(bcsudtlur lt prblct piur dub# Kl d(lspêal bctlroâ/

kbnbrl snbct Noeribsl kbt qu(lddl lst « lc prihrês ¶ vlrs dn plr/

`latbic *#1"#

*>" Qnbct Nobbribsf$ `bl i))(#$ BX$ >=#

*5" )#)#$ B$ 1=/18#

*1" dbD$ B$ 515/511#

\cbvlrsbtâ KL Dyic# ‛ Pddd# N# ;1



550 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ 3(#

D(bobtntbic qu(bd n `nbtl ku slaick dbvrl kl Abaaric n lctrnãcâsnbct Ncberibsl í dn subtl kls stiéablcs vlrs ucl oirndl pdus

aioprâjlcsbvl lcairl lt iò dls ajisls utbdls$ dls [ApirgRbxsvn$ triu/

vlct dlur pdnal# Bd cl s(nhbt sncs kiutl piur snbct Noeribsl qul

ku pdus g"ur kls bctârçts juonbcs$ kl dn syopntjbl kict cius

nboics í çtrl lctiurâs# Iu eblc bd s(nhbt kls bctârçts kld(Âhdbsl#

BCius c(lc siools pns oibcs prlsqul ajiquâs k(lctlckrl uc

âvçqul$ uc snbct$ rlaiooncklr k(nrrnajlr dls aiupnedls nu

suppdbal$ dls `nbedls nux onbcs kls pubssncts$ lc ngiutnct qul

aldn `nbt eic l``lt *Bg# Lst/al d(lcslbhclolct kl Fnct qub cius n

rlckus sb sarupudlux qu(bd cl cius su``bsl pdus qu(ucl natbic

sibt eiccl lt qu(bd cius `nbddl lcairl qul kncs d(bctlctbic qub dn

kbatl nuaucl plcsâl k(bctârçt cl sibt oçdâl9 Lc iutrl$ cius

siools lcadbcs í pdus kl sâvârbtâ piur dn vlrtu ajrâtblccl qul

piur tiutl nutrl lt$ pubsqu(nussb eblc lddl `nbt lctrlr d(âtlrcbtâ

lc dbhcl kl aioptl$ cius cl dub plrolttics pns ku oibcsk(nutrl andaud 6 cius dn viudics âtrnchêrl nux noebtbics k(bab/

ens$ oçol dls pdus ciedls$ lt cius siools tiugiurs prçts í dub

kbrl 7 [ic rêhcl c(lst pns kl al oickl# Qnbct Noeribsl nurnbt

kl eiccls rnbsics í ippislr nux cûtrls$ lt pnr lxlopdl 7 Dl

eblc qu(ic plcsl kl cius c(nbkl/t/bd pns nu eblc qul cius viu/

dics `nbrl lt ucl vlrtu kâknbhclusl kl pdnbrl cl oncqulrnbt/

lddlpns kl ajnrbtâ9 Lc `nbt$ dl elsibc kl syopntjbl c(nppnrnãt

siuvlct ajlz dub qul aiool ucl `irol kl dn syopntjbl qul

dub/oçol âpriuvl# Bd c(lc lst pns oibcs âvbklct qul a(lst d(bob/

tntbic kl Abaâric qub dub n `nbt kicclr nsbdl kncs uc [rnbtâ kls

klvibrs ku ajrâtblc í uc slctbolct qub rlssloedl elnuaiup nu

siuab kl d(ipbcbic#

GCius nvics í pnrdlr lcairl kl dn adnssb`bantbic kls vlrtus# ]iur

snbct Noeribsl$ aiool piur dls stiéablcs$ dn vlrtu lst ucl *5"#

Onbs$ aiool dls stiéablcs$ bd kbstbchul prntbqulolct pdusblurs

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ BB$ >=5#

*5" Bk#$ BB$ ;1#



DL Q[IÉABQOL KL QNBC[ NOBbbdIBQL# 558

vlrtus$ lt al sict dls quntrl vlrtus siarntbquls *>"# Cl pns sl

aictlctlr k(ucl kâdbcbtbic hâcârndl ku eblc lt lctrlr kncs kls

prlsarbptbics kl kâtnbd$ vibdí kâgí qub anrnatârbsl ucl oirndl#

ûl dls aicalpts kls kb``ârlctls vlrtus$ lt cic alux kls kb``ârlcts

klvibrs$ slrvlct í adnsslr als prlsarbptbics$ aldn lst uc trnbt kl

pdus qub lc prâabsl dn pjysbiciobl# Qb$ lc iutrl$ als prlsarbp/

tbics rlctrlct kncs uc ankrl trnkbtbiccld$ lddls s(nknptlrict í

al ankrl lt slrict aiool bopisâls pnr dub# Dn ìrol lctrnãclrn

dl ìck lt dn vblbddl oirndl sl plrpâtulrn hråal í al qu(bd ynvnbt lc lddl kl pdus ankua lc nppnrlcal# Ublc cl kurl lt cl

`nbt kurlr aiool dn pnrt kl saidnstbqul qub sl oçdl í tiut

lcslbhclolct#

ûib kl pdus nrtb`babld$ lc l``lt$ qul alttl kbvbsbic kls quntrl

vlrtus9 Lddl sl prâslctl$ kncs d(jbstibrl kl dn pjbdisipjbl$ sncs

kâoicstrntbic lt sncs âtnt abvbd# Ic cl snbt quld lc lst d(bcvlc/

tlur# ]ytjnhirl$ Kâoiarbtl sloedlct d(nvibr aiccul# Qiarntl dn

triuvl tiutl `nbtl lt d(nkiptl# Dls aioolctntlurs oiklrcls kl

]dntic lssnylct kl dn rnttnajlr í sn psyajidihbl$ onbs alttl

kâplckncal lst nsslz dåajl ajlz ]dntic dub/oçol# Dn ciuvlddl

Nankâobl cl sl siuvblct pdus kâgí kl alttl nrtb`bablddl dbnbsic$

onbs lddl sl siuvblct kls quntrl vlrtus# Qur alttl adnssb`bantbic

Lpbaurl lt dls stiéablcs sict k(naairk# Lt dl stiéabsol dn dêhul

í snbct Noeribsl$ qub dn dâhulrn í snbct Nuhustbc# Nius dn

rltriuvics kncs Eissult *5"6 lc`bc lddl lst nugiurk(jub kncs

pdus k(uc antâajbsol *1"# ‛ Dl slcs kls oits n ajnchâ sncs

kiutl# Lt bd y n dibc kl dn gustbal tlddl qul d(lctlck siuvlct

]dntic$ jnroicbl kls `naudtâs lctrl lddls$ pnbx bctârblurl kl

d(åol$ í dn gustbal tlddl qul d(lctlck snbct Noeribsl$ lt qub aic/

*>" bd lst í rlonrqulr qu(bd cl `nbt pns nppld bab í dn kbstbcatbic kls tribs

vlrtus rnrkbbbndtãs$ tib$ lspârncal lt ajnrbtâ$ *gub âtnbt kâgí lc usnhl# *Pibr

[fftbo#bfc$ Klpntbactbn$ >5#" >> prlck sn adnssbdbantbic ajlz Abaâric#

*5g EissD@#[$ [rnbtâ kl dn aiccnb.S.Sncal kl Kblu lt kl sib/oçol$ >$ >2#

*1" Pibr N# Klsgnrkbcs$ dls Klvibrs$ adb# bx#



DL Q[IÉABQOL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 552

cius triuvlrics adncs snbct Noeribsl dub/oçol uc npûtrl kl

alttl vbl siustrnbtl nux aickbtbics lt nux tlctntbics kl dn vbl

siabndl# Lddl aiopirtl uc bkând kl vlrtu tiut bctârblurl$ tiut

nsaâtbqul qub$ oûol sur alux qub c(nddêrlct pns nu adiãtrl$

lxlrèn uc sb pubssnct nttrnbt$ lt oikldn tnct k(åols ajrâtblccls#

Nu aictrnbrl$ kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs$ a(lst ucl vlrtu

tiutl siabndl qub lst prçajâl# Qncs kiutl bd c(y n pns kl ajrbs/

tbncbsol sncs ajnrbtâ$ onbs al c(lst pns kl dn ajnrbtâ sludlolct

qul cius viudics pnrdlr$ lt al qulcius nppldics dn vlrtu siabndl

lc`lrol k(nutrls âdâolcts oibcs lsslctblddlolct ajrâtblcs#

GZius cl rlvblckrics pns sur alt noiur kl d(npprientbic qul

cius nvics kâgí citâ$ sur al siuab kl dn eiccl râputntbic kl

d(Lhdbsl qub klvblct piur ajnauc kl sls oloerls uc oitb`

k(natbic# Cius nvics kâgí citâ nussb al rlsplat rionbc kl dn

gustbal lt kl d(jiool gustl qul snbct Noeribsl lc vblct í prâ/

`ârlr uc oiolct$ piur dls rldntbics siabndls tiut nu oibcs$ í

aldub qub cl slrnbt qul snhl$ sb pnr jnsnrk als klux vlrtus

c(âtnblct pibct ucrls#

Dn pdnal `nbtl í d(nobtbâ pnrob dls vlrtus lst nu oçol tbtrl

ucl râobcbsalcal kls oirndls nctbquls# D(nobtbâ lst ucl vlrtu

pnélccl# Ku oibcs c(y n/t/bd nuaucl pripirtbic lctrl dn pdnal

qu(lddl tblct kncs dls oirndls nctbquls$ kncs alddls k(Nrbstitl lt

k(Lpbaurl$ aiool kncs alddl kls stiéablcs *>"$ ltalddl qu(lddl tblct

kncs dls oirndls oiklrcls# \cl ajnrbtâ qub cl ajibsbt pibct$

tiutl citrl pubssncal k(nbolr tiurcâl vlrs Kblu$ ngiutlrics/cius

d(irhncbsntbic i``bablddl kl dn aic`lssbic lt kl dn kbrlatbic ict

rldâhuâ nu slaick pdnc kncs dn vbl oirndl alttl bctbobtâ âtribtl

kl klux åols s(i``rnct d(ucl í d(nutrl$ nvla dn râabpriabtâ kl

d(n`[latbic$ kl outulddls aic`bklcals lt uc outuld siutblc# ]dus

tnrk$ lt gusqul kl cis giurs$ d(noiur n aictbcuâ kl `nbrl tirt í

d(nobtbâ kncs dn dbttârnturl lt kncs dn vbl# Alttl elddl pnridl

*>" Abaâric olt í pdusblurs rlprbsls sur dl oçol rnch nobtbâ$ klvibr lt

vlrtu# Kl `bcbebbs$ P$ : lt >>#



51= DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ 43 KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

nctbqul$ lt

qulsnbct

Noeribslrlprikubt 7 «

Cl`nbrl

qu(uc âtnctklux *>" ¶$ cl s(lctlck pdus k(irkbcnbrl kl klux nobs# ]nrob dls

oiklrcls$ alux qub ict dl oblux pnrbâ kl d(nobtbâ âtnblct

ciurrbs kl d(nctbqubtâ# Qnbct Noeribsl lst kica uc vârbtnedl

ncablc pnr sic audtl tlcnal kl d(nobtbâ# ‛ \c ajrâtblc qub cl

slrnbt qul ajrâtblc slrnbt pdutût pirtâ í vibr uc vid `nbt í Kblu

iu nux nutrls jiools kncs alttl âdlatbic kucl arânturl# ]ubs

citrl oirndl natulddl trnbtl kls klvibrs pdutût qul kls vlrtus$

lt qunck d(nobtbâ slrnbt ucl vlrtu$ lddl cl slrnbt pns uc klvibr#

Aldn nuholctl lcairl dn kbstncal bctlddlatulddl qub cius sâpnrl

kls klrcbêrls pnhls ku dbvrl k(Noeribsl$ lt naausl pdus clttl/

olct d(irbhbcl pnélccl kls bkâls qu(lddls lxprbolct#

Dls klvibrs lcvlrs dn pntrbl rlstlct kncs snbct Noeribsl nu

rnch qul dlur nvnbt nssbhcâ Abaâric pnrob dls klvibrs kl gustbal#

Ir alt irkrl slud 7 Kblu$ dn pntrbl$ dls pnrlcts$ tius dls jiools$

c(lst pns sncs sbhcb`bantbic# Qnbct [jions olttrn dls pnrlcts

nvnct dn pntrbl lt ic piurrnbt kbsautlr dichtlops sur dls oikb`b/

antbics kl oőurs lt k(bkâls qu(bopdbqul alttl dâhêrl bctlrvlrsbic#

‛ Qnbct Noeribsl lc`bc rlèut ku stiéabsol dl prlsslctbolct

k(ucl gustbal bctlrcntbicndl# Aiool Abaâric$ bd siuolt dn

hulrrl lddl/oçol í alrtnbcls rêhdls lt `nbt rlonrqulr qul$ piur

kâsbhclr uc lcclob$ cius lopdiyics uc oit qub sbhcb`bl

âtrnchlr$ jistbs$ tâoibhcnct pnr alt lupjâobsol kldn plrsbs/

tncal lctrl jiools qub sl `ict dn hulrrl kl slctbolcts juonbcs#

Onbs dls lxlopdls qul snbct Noeribsl lopructl í d(jbstibrl kls

Gub`s cl sict pns prâabsâolct kls lxlopdls k(juoncbtâ lt bds

vblcclct aictrlkbrl dls prâalptls qu(bds klvrnblct aic`brolr *5"#

\cl lxprlssbic abaâricblccl nkiptâl pnr snbct Noeribsl

aicsnarl lt rl`dêtl dl anrnatêrl âobcloolct siabnd kl sn oirndl

qub rlssirt kl dn pdnal qu(y tblcclct d(juoncbtâ$ dn pntrbl$

d(nobtbâ$ d(jicclur$ a(lst d(lxprlssbic oçol í(ji9blsdoc# Cius

*>" Qnbo Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ BBB$ >11#

*5" O#$ B$ >12#



DL Q[IÉABQOL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 51>

nvics kâgí `nbt rlonrqulr$ lc pnrdnct kl Abaâric$ al qu(ucl

lxprlssbic aiool alddl/dí ngiutl í dn vlrtu qu(lddl kâsbhcl#

Ic piurrnbt lsqubsslr ucl jbstibrl kl dn oirndl ucbqulolct

k(nprês dls oits qub ict slrvb í trnkubrl alttl bkâl aiooucl 7

al qu(bd aicvblct kl `nbrl$ klpubs aldub kl y#nZkv gusqu(í aldub

k(bopârntb`#

Qb dn oirndl kl snbct Noeribsl kibt í Abaâric dl anrnatêrl siabnd

qu(lddl n rlvçtu$ lddl kibt í al qub n pâcâtrâ lc lddl kl d(lsprbt

hrla$ nu trnvlrs ku oçol Abaâric$ al anrnatêrl lstjâtbqul qub$pnr bcstncts$ najêvl kl dub kicclr ucl aiudlur vrnbolct

stiéablccl# Dls dbvrls oiklrcls kl oirndl cl trnbtlct qul kl cis

klvibrs lt aribrnblct aioolttrl ucl sirtl kl pri`ncntbic lc

oçdnct dls qulstbics lt lc pnssnct kl dn vlrtu í dn abvbdbtâ# Dn

oirndbtâ lst klvlcul ajisl pdus clttlolct kâ`bcbl$ lt cius dn

olttics três jnut snu` í vbvrl sncs plcslr í lddl# Dls ncablcs

dn olttnblct pnrtiut lt dl oit i``babuo kâsbhcnbt tiutl lspêal kl

ajisls nuxqulddls citrl oit kl klvibr cl s(nppdbqul pdus# Bd

lxprbonbt dn aicvlcncal qu(bd `nut hnrklr lc tiut6 lt snbct No/eribsl$ í d(lxlopdl kls stiéablcs$ sl prâiaaupl kl alttl aicvl/

cncal# Bd trnbtl kl dn kâonrajl$ kls aicvlrsntbics$ kl d(jnebddl/

olct *>"$ aiool nutrl`ibs Xcb^uríw ]âknhihulS qub nvnbt âtâ

í oçol âaidl# Cius nvics vu qu(bd `nbt oçol lctrlr dn rjâti/

rbqul kncs dn oirndl#

Cic sludlolct alttl oirndl lstjâtbqul nttlbct kls natbics qub

âajnpplrnblct í ucl nutrl rêhdl qul alddl ku hiöt$ onbs piur

dls natbics qub sict ku rlssirt kl tiutl oirndl$ lddl nppirtl kls

`nèics kl guhlr qul râsuol dl oit kl kâairuo$ oit `nbt ajrâ/

tblc pnr snbct Noeribsl$ aiool aldub *éjiclsduo# Lt qunck

snbct Noeribsl vlut âadnbrabr d(bkâl kl al oit$ bd kbt qul dl

kâairuo lst piur d(åol al qu(lst piur dl airps dn hråal lt dn

elnutâ$ j(jiclsduo lst aiopnrâ nu aictrnbrl í dn snctâ *5"# Abaâric

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ =8 ltslq#

*5" Gk#$ B$ 5>2#




nvnbt kbt tlxtulddlolct dn oçol ajisl *>"# ]ubs snbct Noeribsl

ngiutl qul kncs dn aickubtl juonbcl bd y n$ aiool kncs d(ucbvlrs$

klux hlcrls kl elnutâs# Bd y n kls elnutâs kl kâtnbd$ al sict cis

natbics$ cis vlrtus$ prbsls ucl í ucl# Nbcsb Kblu n `nbt als

ajisls nkobrnedls$ dl sidlbd lt dn duobêrl$ onbs bd y n quldqul

ajisl kl pdus nkobrnedl$ a(lst dn elnutâ qub râsudtl kl d(jnr/

oicbl ku tiut$ lt kict Kblu n rlaiuvlrt sic őuvrl kncs sic

lcsloedl# A(lst nussb dn elnutâ qub sl râpnck sur ucl vbl lctbêrl

kict dl aiurs râhudblr n subvb sncs sl kâolctbr dls bckbantbics

kl dn cnturl *5"# Lt aldn lcairl lst kncs Abaâric *1"# Onbs al

qub lst lxtrnirkbcnbrl$ a(lst qul aldn sibt ajlz snbct Noeribsl#

N qulddl kbstncal bctlddlatulddl lt oirndl siools/cius kl als

ajrâtblcs qub$ piur sl oirtb`blr d(lsprbt$ s(najnrcnblct íkâoictrlr

qul Gâsus/Ajrbst âtnbt dnbk . Dn oirndl lt dn elnutâ sict râaic/

abdbâls lt d(âdâhnctl vlrtu kls Hrlas lst rlstâl ucl vlrtu# Q(bd lc

lst nbcsb lt sb$ ondhrâ d(íprltâ pdus hrnckl kl quldquls kiatlurs$dn oirndl ajrâtblccl c(n pns systâontbqulolct kâpiubddâ dl

klvibr kl tiut al qub dl rlck nbonedl$ aldn tblct í eblc kls

anusls$ lt surtiut í d(lsprbt kl kiualur qub dub vblct kl aldub qub

d(n `ickâl 6 onbs aldn tblct nussb í d(bcddulcal qul dl pdus

nutirbsâ kls ]êrls kl d(Lhdbsl dnbssn prlckrl sur sn plcsâl pnr

uc Uionbc qub dub/oçol âtnbt uc kbsabpdl kls Hrlas#

Qnbct Noeribsl c(n pns tiugiurs elsibc k(bobtlr Abaâric piur

sl oictrlr stiéablc# Aldn priuvl k(nbddlurs quld naairk sic

âkuantbic lt dl aiurs irkbcnbrl kl sn plcsâl pjbdisipjbqul

arânblct k(nvncal lctrl Abaâric lt dub# Cius piurrbics abtlr

quldquls pnssnhls qu(ic aribrnbt bcspbrâs kl Abaâric k(nprês

dlur slcs stiéablc$ lt qub piurtnct cl dl sict pns *;"# Nbcsb

*>" Abaâric$ Kl i``#$ B$ 58#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ 5>2#

*1" Abaâric$ B$ 58#

*;" ]nr lxlopdl d(nddusbic `nbtl pnr snbct Noeribsl í dn tjâirbl kl dn

87piy#i678G#




rbopirtnct Gividippiolct sur dn ]rivbklcal kict cius nvics

nbddlurs bckbquâ dn pdnal kncs d(őuvrl k(Noeribsl# [ius dls

nrhuolcts cl sict pns stiéablcs6 anr piur gustb`blr Kblu$ dl

stiéabsol sl aictlctnbt ku oickl prâslct lt snbct Noeribsl n

[bc`bcb ku tlops# ûldquls/ucs dl sict tiutlìbs# Onbs al qub lst

surtiut stiéablc$ a(lst dl priedêol oûol kict cius nvics kâgí

lu d(iaansbic kl kbrl qu(bd ùt lctrl dl stiéabsol lt dl ajrbstbn/

cbsol uc trnbt k(ucbic# Dl kihol kl dn ]rivbklcal nvnbt âtâ dl

kihol pnr lxalddlcal kls stiéablcs$ dl ajnop kl entnbddl kustiéabsol aictrl d(âpbaurbsol# >> lst klvlcu$ bd lst lcairl

nu xvc% sbêadl « dl rlopnrt lt dl ìrt ku ajrbstbncbsol ¶ *>"#

ûnck cius trnbtlrics kls kb``ârlcals qub sâpnrlct dn oirndl

kl snbct Noeribsl kl alddl kl Abaâric$ cius slrics ìraâs

k(nviulr qul quldquls/ucls ict âtâ viuduls pnr snbct Noeribsl#

Nu aictrnbrl sic stiéabsol lst uc stiéabsol bcvidictnbrl 6 lt dn

râsbstncal oêbgbl qu(bd ippisl í sic oikêdl priuvl k(nutnct

oblux dn ìral naqubsl k(bkâls í dn aictnhbic klsqulddls bd c(n

pu âajnpplr# Al c(lst pns nsslz kl kbrl qul dl stiéabsol survbt

lc dub# Bd rlvbt lt prlck sur k(nutrls kiatrbcls ucl rlvncajl

bclspârâl# Nu slbc oçol ku ajrbstbncbsol$ lc l``lt$ pdnticbsol

lt stiéabsol sl kbsputnblct dls lsprbts aiool nu slbc ku pnhn/

cbsol nuquld bds nvnblct nppirtâ d(nppub kl tjâidihbls rbvndls#

D(âpiqul qul cius âtukbics$ nvlaObcuabus @âdbx$ nvla Dnatncal$

onbs surtiut nvla snbct Noeribsl$ vbt ucl vârbtnedl rânatbic

stiéablccl aictrl dls bc`dulcals oçdâls kl ]dntic lt kl d(Irblct#

Onbctlcnct qul al stiéabsol qub$ hråal í d(jispbtndbtâ kl d(lc/

slbhclolct ajrâtblc piur quldquls/ucs kl sls prbcabpls$ vn

piusslr sb dibc kls rlgltics cl sibt pns dl pur stiéabsol kl Wlcic$

bd c(lst pns câalssnbrl kl d(nvibr aicstntâ piur d(n``brolr# \c

systêol cl trnvlrsl pns dls sbêadls boounedl lt sncs plrkrl lc

riutl$ aiool piur nddâhlr sic pibks$ ucl pnrtbl kl sic aictlcu#

*>" Pibr Erdcltbfjl$ dn ]jbdisipjbl kl Eissuat {Ulvul kls Klux Oickls$

d%niöt >:2>>#



•51 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

A(lst nbénbrl nux jbstirblcs kl dn pjbdisipjbl kl dl rlaicstbtulrkncs sn rbhbkbtâS# Onbs al qul dn aicsablcal juonbcl rltblct kl

dub$ al sict quldquls prbcabpls `âaicks$ lt k(nutnct pdus `âaicks

siuvlct qu(bds sict k(ucl ìrol oibcs prâabsl lt oibcs rlelddls

nux trncsìrontbics qu(lddl dlur `nbt suebr# Cius kbrics oçolqu(uc kbsabpdl bc`bkêdl lst aldub qub pirtl dl pdus dibc ucl kiatrbcl#

Qb$ nu dblu ku stiéabsol nttâcuâ kl Abaâric$ snbct Noeribsl sl ùt

triuvâ lc `nal k(uc systêol tiut k(ucl pbêal$ bd cl dub löt rblc

lopructâ ku tiut# Q(bd dub löt `nddu$ í dub ajrâtblc$ tiut prlckrl

iu tiut dnbsslr$ bd löt tiut dnbssâ# Lt a(lst d(bc`dulcal stiéablccl

qub y löt plrku# Cb Abaâric cb snbct Noeribsl$ qub trnvnbddnblct

d(uc piur sic pnys$ d(nutrl piur sn rldbhbic$ cl aioptnblct slrvbr

alttl bc`dulcal lt a(lst piur aldn qu(bds d(ict oblux slrvbl#

Nvla dl dbvrl k(Noeribsl$ lddl pâcêtrl kncs dl oiylc åhl#

Qnbct Nuhustbc *>"$ pubs Anssbikirl *5"$ cius npprlcclct lc l`dlt

qul kl eiccl jlurl al dbvrl ùt aicsbkârâ aiool dl onculdi``babld kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl# ]lcknct tiut dl oiylc åhl$ bd

hnrkn al rûdl ltonbctbct nbcsb nssiabâls dls trnkbtbics qub s(âtnblct

aicìckuls lc dub# Dl hrnck cioerl kls oncusarbts kls I``bals

lst ucl prluvl prlsqul ontjâontbqul ku hrnck cioerl kl dlurs

dlatlurs# Bd `nut ngiutlr qul als oncusarbts s(âtnhlct sur kls

sbêadls kb`d%ârlcts$ al qub kâoictrl qul dl suaaês ùt plrsbstnct#

Iutrl dls aipbls dbttârndls ku tlxtl$ bd lc ùt `nbt kls râsuoâs$kls lxtrnbts$ k(iò cius piuvics aicadurl qul cius nvics n`dnbrl

cic sludlolct í uc dbvrl qu(ic dbt$ onbs í uc dbvrl qu(ic âtukbl#

Gusqul kncs citrl sbêadl bd lc n âtâ kiccâ ucl âkbtbic nu oibcs

í d(usnhl kls sâobcnbrls *1"# Cic sludlolct lc`bc$ rlkbsics/dl$

snbct Noeribsl slrvbt dl stiéabsol piur sic lcslbhclolct$ onbs

pnr d(lxlopdl qu(bd kiccn lt qub rlckbt dbabtl tius dls lopructs lt

tiutls dls bobtntbics í vlcbr# [âoibc alt Nldrlk qub cl sl aic/

*>" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Lp#$ DZZZBB#

*5" Anssbikirl$ Bcst# kbv#$ B$ >0$

*#1" Âkbtbic Dnvbhlrbl$ Dyic$ >:<1#




tlctl pns kl al qu(bd prlck kbrlatlolct í snbct Noeribsl$ onbs$

al qub âtnbt ucl nutrl `nèic kl @bobtlr$ bobtl í sic tiur dlur

onãtrl aioouc$ Hbaâric# ‛ Qb kica cius nvics ku stiéabsol

kncs dl snch lcairl nugiurk(jub$ cius dl klvics sncs kiutl í

kls rldntbics siuvlct rlciuvldâls nvla dls onãtrls ku ]irtbqul$

onbs cius dl klvics nussb í al qul$ hråal nux ]êrls kl @Lhdbsl$

hråal í snbct Noeribsl$ gnonbs dl stiéabsol cl kbspnrut tiut

lctblr kls aicsablcals ajrâtblccls#



# AJN]B[UL PB

DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ 3 KLQ KLPIBUQ

{Qubtl#}

Kb``ârlcals lxtârblurls kls klux dbvrls#

Cius nrrbvics nux kb``ârlcals qub kbstbchulct dls klux iu/

vrnhls qul cius âtukbics# Bd lc lst qub cl sict qu(naalssibrls

lt qub cl piuvnblct çtrl âvbtâls# ^uldquls/ucls tblcclct nux

klux jiools# Cic qu(bd c(y nbt lctrl lux quldquls ncndihbls

kl cnturl# Al sict klux Uionbcs$ klux lsprbts prntbquls$ klux

jiools kl hiuvlrclolct# D(uc$ dl pjbdisipjl$ `nbt pnsslr dls

klvibrs nvnct dn tjâirbl 6 d(nutrl$ dl ajrâtblc$ lst uc kbsabpdl

rlsplatulux ku kihol$ onbs sic natbvbtâ lt sn prâkbantbic sict

tiurcâls k(uc nutrl aûtâ# Al sict klux oirndbstls# Alplcknct

alttl irblctntbic aiooucl kl dlur plcsâl tblct í kls anusls

tiut ippisâls# A(lst d(nesidul alrtbtukl k(Noeribsl qub dl kbs/

plcsl kl kbsautlr al qub c(lst pdus lc qulstbic# Ajlz Abaâric

d(bckb``ârlcal cnãt kl d(bcalrtbtukl# Dl anrnatêrl kl als klux

jiools najêvl dlur kbssloedncal# D(âclrhbl oirndl kl snbct

Noeribsl sl trnkubt kncs tiut al qu(bd âarbt$ onbs kncs alttlíol kl ajrâtblc lddl cl vn pns sncs juob\tâ# Abaâric$ qub lst

uc anrnatêrl pdutût `nbedl$ lc rlvncajl$ c(lst pns oiklstl ku



51: DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

tiut# >> `nut dbrl d(bo nprês d(nutrl dlurs klux lxirkls# D(uc

s(lxausl k(bcstrubrl$ bd l``nal sn plrsiccl$ bd c(lst qul d(bctlr/

prêtl iedbhâ kucl oirndl qub vblct kl Kblu# D(nutrl sl aio/

pnrl í uc ]dntic kiuedâ k(uc Kâoistjêcl# Bd lc râsudtl qul

aldub kls klux qub n dls aicvbatbics dls oibcs `irtls lst aldub

qub pnrdl dl pdus lc sic cio#

>> `nut aiopnrlr nussb dls plrsiccls nuxqulddls bds s(nkrlsslct#

Abaâric s(nkrlssl í sic `bds$ onbs bd âarbt piur tiutl dn ciedlssl

rionbcl# Al c(lc lst pns oibcs aiool dl tlstnolct k(uc

jiool kl eblc qul al trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs$ lt d(naalct pntlrcld

qub$ í pdusblurs rlprbsls$ s(y `nbt lctlckrl$ aiooucbqul í d(őuvrl

lctbêrl pdus kl sbcaârbtâ lt k(âdâvntbic# Qnbct Noeribsl pnrdl

piur sls `bds í dub$ aiool bd kbt$ piur sls prçtrls# Qic dbvrl

s(npplddl dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs kls prçtrls# Qncs kiutl als klvibrs

sict$ piur ucl eiccl pnrt$ alux kl tiut dl oickl# Dls klvibrs

oiylcs$ tiut nu oibcs$ sict kls klvibrs kl dnéquls$ lt d(lcslbhcl/

olct kl snbct Noeribsl c(n dl pdus siuvlct rblc kl pri`ls/

sbiccld# Bd lst alrtnbcs pnssnhls tiutl`ibs ‛ cius lc nvics

kâgí sbhcndâ quldquls/ucs‛ qub$ sibt pnr dl surpdus k(lxbhlcals

oirndls$ sibt pnr dn cnturl oçol kls aicslbds$ cl sloedlct `nbts

qul piur kls laadâsbnstbquls# [lds als pnssnhls sur dn kbhcbtâ

ku prçtrl$ dn ajnstltâ *>"$ sur dn prâkbantbic# Nbddlurs snbct

Noeribsl kbs dbchul dls kb``ârlcts lopdibs kl dlatlur$ kl psnd/

obstl$ lt k(lxirabstl$ lctrl dlsqulds cis nptbtukls kibvlct hubklr

citrl ajibx *5"# [ius als tlxtls sict oçol prâablux piur

d(jbstibrl kl d(irhncbsntbic bctârblurl kl d(Lhdbsl# Lc uc ajn/

pbtrl ku dbvrl BB$ bd cius kiccl aiool uc hubkl kl dn anrrbêrl

laadâsbnstbqul 7 bd lst plrobs k(nspbrlr nux jicclurs piurvu

qul al sibt sncs erbhul$ sncs lxaês k(noebtbic$ lt qul d(ic sl

aictlctl kl dnbsslr `nbrl sic oârbtl# Dl piuvibr cius nppirtl

kls klvibrs qu(bd `nut naaiopdbr sncs kurltâ$ onbs qu(bd `nut

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ 5;8#

*5"rk#$ B$ 5>e#



cb@@ÂULCALQ LZ[ÂUBL\ULQ KLQ KL\Z DBPULQ# 512

naaiopdbr# Ic aicdlctl kb``babdlolct tiut dl oickl$ lt alux

qul vius nvlz aioedls kl eblc`nbts c(lc klvblckrict qul pdus

lxbhlncts$ vius `nbsnct ucl dib kl vis `nvlurs# >> cl `nut pns

knutrl pnrt qul aldub qub lst pdus jnut kncs dn jbârnrajbl

prlccl ioernhl kl dn vlrtu kl aldub qub lst pdus ens$ sb lddl n

quldqul ajisl k(âobclct$ onbs aldub/ab aâklrnbt í dn pbrl vncbtâ

s(bd y nvnbt lu aiool uc pdnc kl sn pnrt lt s(bd ajlrajnbt í d(lo/

pirtlr kl quldqul `nèic sur siu âviqul *>"# Lt qunck bd cl s(nhb/

rnbt pns kuc âvêqul$ bd lst tiugiurs ond kl kbobculr quldqu(ucpiur sl hrnckbr# A(lst nu pdus pnr`nbt k(çtrl pdus juoedl#

K(uc prçtrl surtiut ic nttlck dn gustbal$ dn ajnrbtâ$ d(juobdbtâ$

[iutl `nutl vlcnct kl dub lst kiuedl#

Elnuaiup kl aicslbds oibcs spâabnux$ lt qub oçol vblcclct

kl Abaâric$ sict nppdbquâs í kls abraicstncals lt í kls oőurs

tlddlolct kb``ârlctls kl alddls piur dlsqulddls Abaâric âarbvnbt$

qu(bd `nut y prlckrl hnrkl piur dls rlaiccnãtrl# Nbcsb snbct

Noeribsl pnrdl kls aiupnedls qu(bd plut çtrl plrobs k(nrrnajlr

nu suppdbal *5"# Bd plcsl nu kribt k(nsbdl$ í d(bctlralssbic tiutl/

pubssnctl kl d(âvêqul# Abaâric nvnbt kbt dn oçol ajisl# Bd plc/

snbt nu oâtblr k(nviant# Oçol trncspisbtbic piur uc aicslbd qub

vblct plu nprês 7 >> `nut âvbtlr dls prikbhndbtâs ]iur Abaâric bd

s(nhbt kls glux$ kls tjâåtrls$ kls `çtls kiccâls pnr dls onhbs/

trnts nu plupdl# ]iur snbct Noeribsl bd s(nhbt ku duxl bctârblur

kl d(âhdbsl lt kls `rnbs ku audtl *1"# ^unck snbct Noeribsl kbt

qu(bd `nut kicclr nvla âaiciobl$ al c(lst pibct$ aiool Abaâric$

citrl priprl `irtucl qu(bd rlaioonckl kl oâcnhlr$ onbs dl

eukhlt kls pnuvrls sur dlquld alrtnbcs lxpdibtlurs kl dn ajnrbtâ

puedbqul lctrlprlcnblct kl vbvrl *;"# Kls oőurs ciuvlddls

kicclct nbcsb nux oçols aicslbds ucl pirtâl tiutl kb``ârlctl#

*>" Qnbo Nobbibsl$ Kl i``#$ BB$ >571#

{5b Bk#$ Bd$ >=5#

*1"X#$>B$>B>#

*;" O#S Bd$ 80#



5;= DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

Bd y n kncs tiut dbvrl kl oirndl lc pnrtbaudblr$ iutrl al qub

lst lxprboâ$ al qub lst sius/lctlcku$ lt$ piur dls klux trnbtâs

Kls Klvibrs qul( cius aiopnrics$ qunck al qub lst lxprboâ lst

prlsqul bklctbqul$ al qub lst sius/lctlcku dls olt lcairl í

ucl hrnckl kbsdncal d(uc kl d(nutrl#

Ic vibt pnr al qub prâaêkl í quld pibct dls prâiaaupntbics

ku oiolct pâcâtrêrlct kncs dl dbvrl k(Noeribsl lt tbrêrlct í

lddls sic lcslbhclolct# D(jbstirblc y hnhcl tiutls sirtls k(bc/

kbantbics utbdls sur kls oőurs iu sur kls âvâclolcts *>"# Lt

dl oirndbstl rlèibt d(boprlssbic k(ucl oirndl vrnbolct vbvnctl

ltvâaul# Ciusnssbstics í als kbstrbeutbics k(nuoûcls nuxqulddls

bd vblct k(çtrl `nbt nddusbic# Cius snbsbssics sur dl vb` alttl ir/

hncbsntbic kl dn eblc`nbsncal qul Hbaâric c(nvnbt pns aiccul lt

qul d(loplrlur Gudblc lcvbnbt nu ajrbstbncbsol# Bd c(y n pns qul

kls pnuvrls í slaiurbr# Ic rnajêtl kls anptb`s# Ic onrbl kls

irpjldbcls# Hbaâric nvnbt abtâ als lxlopdls k(bchâcbluslajnrbtâ#

Onbs bds prlcclct í d(âpiqul triuedâl iò âarbt Noeribsl$

aiool pdus k(natundbtâ lt kl vârbtâ jbstirbqul *5"# Kl oçol

lcairl$ nprês cius nvibr lxjirtâs nu aiurnhl$ Hbaâric ngiutnbt$

al qub lst k(ucl oirndl pdus snvnctl$ al qub kibt vlcbr kl

]ncâtbus$ qu(bd `nut cius kâ`blr k(nutrls `ibs kl citrl aiurnhl$

lt cl rblc lctrlprlckrl qub sibt nu/klssus kl cis `irals# Hlttl

rêhdl uc plu vnhul kl oiklstbl lt kl pruklcal prlck ajlz

snbct Noeribsl ucl sbhcb`bantbic três prâabsl# Elnuaiup kl ajrâ/

tblcs âtnblct nddâs nu/klvnct ku onrtyrl qul dlur vnbddncal nvnbt

nenckiccâs lc riutl$ lt a(lst aictrl pnrlbddl nvlcturl qul snbct

Noeribsl olt lc hnrkl kls eiccls vidictâs prâsioptulusls#

Bd `nut kica snvibr prâvibr$ rlhnrklr klvnct sib lt cl gnonbs

s(lxpislr í klvibr kbrl pdus tnrk 7 « Gl c(y nvnbs pns plcsâ *1"# ¶

*>" Iutrl dls bckbantbics kâgí rldlvâls$ vibr al qub lst rldntb` nux oâtblrsbctlrkbts nux sidknts$ B$ >:;$ í ucl kbslttl qub sâvbt í Uiol$ >>>$ ;=#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ >>$ 8>/85#

*1" Bk#$ B$ >:2 6 A`# AbaÂbbuC$ Kl i``#$ B$ 51#



KB@@ÂULCALQ LZ[ÂUBL\ULQ KLQ KL\Z DBPULQ# 5;>

\u nutrl knchlr ku aiurnhl$ a(lst qu(bd n siuvlct sic prbc/

abpl kncs uc kâsbr booikârâ kl dn hdibrl *>"$ lt bab lcairl

snbct Noeribsl$ tiut lc rlprikubsnct ucl plcsâl kl Abaâric$

S(nkrlssl í sls aictlopirnbcs$ í alux qub$ ieâbssnct pdus í

dlur irhulbd qu(í dlur ìb$ sl `nbsnblct uc pibct k(jicclur kl

priviqulr dl piuvibr lt k(nttbrlr sur lux kls plrsâautbics

kict bds c(âtnblct pns sluds í siu``rbr#

[ius als oiralnux ìct rlvbvrl klvnct cius dn `bhurl ku

hrnck âvçqul bcstrubsnct$ guhlnct$ slaiurnct$ lcslbhcnct í sls

prûtrls dlur obcbstêrl$ í tius dlurs klvibrs$ ajnrhâ kâsbctârçts

oudtbpdls k(uc kbiaêsl lc oûol tlops qul ku sndut bckbvbkuld

kl ajnauc$ lt piurviynct í tiut$ vrnb kbrlatlur rlspicsnedl kls

åols$ kict tius dls aicslbds sict kls irkrls$ pnrtnct kls natls#

Aldn cius olt eblc dibc kls kbsslrtntbics tiutls tjâirbquls kl

Abaâric# Bd lst pnrtiut$ d(âvçqul$ kncs al dich slroic ibb pdus

k(uc slroic priprlolct kbt n triuvâ pdnal# Nu aiurnct kl dn

dlaturl cius viyics rânppnrnãtrl kb``ârlctls pjnsls lt kb``â/

rlcts âV"bsikls kl d(âpbsaipnt k(Noeribsl# D(lxirkl$ kict cius

nvics kâgí sbhcndâ dn tiuajnctl juobdbtâ$ cius rnaictl qulddl

vbidlcal dub n âtâ `nbtl6 onbs$ âvçqul ondhrâ dub$ bd rlopdbrn tius

dls klvibrs k(uc âvçqul lt$ pubsqu(bd dub `nut lcslbhclr$ bd aio/

olcalrn pnr s(bcstrubrl# A(lst í alttl oiklstbl qul cius klvics

d(bobtntbic qu(bd `bt kl Abaâric# ]ubs cius dl subvics kncs d(lxlr/

abal kl sls ìcatbics âpbsaipndls# Kncs dl ajibx kl sls prçtrls

bd prlck hnrkl í tiut$ oçol í dlur nttbtukl$ í dlur kâonrajl#

Lt d(âvâclolct uc giur kiccn rnbsic í sls prâvlctbics# Bd nvnbt

rlùsâ$ sur dlur obcl$ k(nkolttrl klux glucls hlcs kncs sic

adlrhâ# D(uc sl `bt nrblc$ d(nutrl jiool k(nrhlct *5"# Bd cius

`nbt nbddlurs dn aic`bklcal kl sn kiudlur dirsqu(bd dub `nut rltrnc/

ajlr uc oloerl kl d(Âhdbsl *1"# Âvçqul pidbtbqul bd bctlrkbt

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ >216 A`# Abaâric$ B$ >2##

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i))%#$ B$ 85#

*1" O#$ >>$ >1k# # $$ $

\cbvlrsbtâ kl dyic# ‛ PddB# N# >0



5;5 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

dls lxaês k(bo zêdl bcutbdl iu priviantlur *>"# Onbs ic snbt qu(lc

rlvncajl bd cl aêkl rblc kl sls kribts$ surtiut qunck als kribts

sict kls klvibrs# Bd rlùsn í d(loplrlur dl kâpût kls vluvls

qu(bd viudnbt snbsbr$ lt `nbt piur alux í qub pnrlbddl râsbstncal

bcaioelrn$ lt qul kls siddbabtntbics subvbls kl olcnals rbsqul/

rnblct kl triuedlr$ uc klvibr strbat k(çtrl bc`dlxbedl# [iut kâpût

lst snarâ$ dl kâpût kls vluvls d(lst klux ìbs *5"#

Dl oçol âvçqul lc nvnbt usâ pdus dberlolct nvla dls trâsirspriprls kl d(Lhdbsl$ qunck dls Hitdbs lcvnjbrlct d(Btndbl# Bd nvnbt

`nbt ìckrl dls vnsls snarâs piur rnajltlr kls anptb`s# Al ùt dl

prâtlxtl k(ucl anopnhcl qul dls nrblcs olcêrlct aictrl dub#

Dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs aictblct d(âdiqulct pdnbkiylr kl snbct

Noeribsl piur dub/oçol# N quib eic hnrklr al qub cl slrt í

rblc9 Onbs a(lst uc ir eic í quldqul ajisl qul aldub qub n pu

rlckrl dn dbelrtâ$ lt kls ajrâtblcs kl pdus kncs d(Lhdbsl sict piur

lddl uc pdus eld irclolct qul dls vnsls dls pdus rbajls# D(ir kl

d(Lhdbsl lst `nbt piur kls obsêrls í slaiurbr lt cic piur @Lhdbsl#

Qls vrnbs trâsirs í lddl al sict sls pnuvrls *1"#‛ Qnbct Noeribsl

nvnbt$ ic s(lc siuvblct$ pnssâ ucl pnrtbl kl sn vbl í duttlr aictrl

dls nrblcs lt$ quibqul dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs cl sibt pns ku tiut

ucl őuvrl kl pidâobqul$ dls nrblcs y nppnrnbsslct lcairl nu

oibcs ucl nutrl ìbs$ lc aiopnhcbl kls oncbajâlcs *;"#

Dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs kl Hbaâric lst aiool kâpnysâ kncs

al obdblu kl prâiaaupntbics lt kl pnssbics rldbhblusls iò bd

lst trncspirtâ# Onbs al sict dí kb``ârlcals tiut lxtârblurls lctrl

dls klux őuvrls qul cius aiopnrics$ lt qub cl tiuajlct pns nux

bkâls# Cius lc kbrics nutnct kl dn pdnal qul sl ìct kncs alttl

bobtntbic k(uc dbvrl dntbc klux tjâirbls kict cius snvics d(irbhbcl

irblctndl 7 dn tjâirbl kls nddâhirbls lt alddl kls lopructs# Dls

*>" Qnbct Nouribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ 5=8#

*5" bk#$dd$ >;1/>;0#

*1" X#$ >>$>;>#

*;"X#$>$ >>8#



KB@@ÂULCALQ LZ[ÂUBL\ULQ KLQ KL\Z DBPULQ# 5;1

obrnadls kl Oiésl sict bctlrprâtâs kncs uc slcs `bhurâ *>"# Kloûol tius dls rbtls kl d(ncablccl dib# Dls ieslrvncals nuxqulddls

âtnblct nstrlbcts dls dâvbtls klvblcclct dls syoeidls kls vlrtus ku

pr*3trl *57# Qb Qndioic pnrdl k(uc rlpns qub cius n âtâ i``lrt lt

qubd `nut rlckrl$ a(lst k(uc âajnchl kl eics i``balsqu(bd s(nhbt6

anr bd c(lst pns kl olts pdus suaaudlct piur dls åols *1"# Dl oûolQndioic rlopdbssnct d(ucbvlrs ku erubt kl sn snhlssl lst d(bonhl

pripjâtbqul ku Ajrbst# Aldub/dí lst dl vrnb Qndioic *;"# Onbs$kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs kl snbct Noeribsl$ als lxpdbantbics

sict naabklctlddls lt aiool í aûtâ kl d(lcslbhclolct oirnd# ‛D(jypitjêsl adnssbqul k(lopructs `nbts pnr dls pjbdisipjls pnélcs

í d(Larbturl c(n pns cic pdus oikb`bâ alt lcslbhclolct# Lddl

tâoibhcl tiutlìbs k(ucl oâkbiarl aic`bncal kncs d(lsprbt

juonbc$ lt sl rnttnajl$ sb ic y rlhnrkl eblc$ í ucl oirndl ìckâl

sur d(nutirbtâ lt dn trnkbtbic# Cius vlrrics qul tlddl lst lc

l``lt dn oirndl kl snbct Noeribsl# Onbs kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs

als lopructs sict pdusblurs ìbs nddâhuâs sncs qul d(nutlur lc

tbrl kls aicsâqulcals qub vnbddlct dn plbcl# A(lst uc dblu

aioouc nuquld bd snarb`bl# Nbcsb piur snbct Noeribsl dls pjbdi/

sipjls c(ict bcvlctâ cb dn kâ`bcbtbic kl dn gustbal$ cb alddl ku

aiurnhl$ cb alddl ku siuvlrnbc eblc *<"# Bd dlur rlùsl oûold(bcvlctbic kl oits tlds qul alux k(i`)babbwã lt kl kâairuo *0"#

Bds ict elnu sl ajlrajlr kls onãtrls qub$ aiool lux$ cl siblct

qul pjbdisipjls$ dl pdus ncablc$ ]ytjnhirl$ lst oibcs ncablc

qul Oiésl lt qul Gie *8"# N pdus ìrtl rnbsic Abaâric lt ]ncâ/

tbus c(ict/bds rblc kbt qub vblccl k(lux *:"# Lt vibdí aioolct$

*>" Qnbct xPoefibsl$ Kl i``(#$ Bdd$ =5/2<#

*5" Bk#$ B$ 5;:#

*1" Bk#$ B$ >H1#

*b" Bk#$ BB$ /=5#

*<" Bk#$ B# 25$ >11$ >82#

*0" dk#$>$1=#

*8" Bk#$ B$ 1> 6 BB$ `b#

*:" Bk#$ B$ >82#



5;b DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

piurrnbt aicadurl snbct Noeribsl$ lc dls bobtnct$ uc ajrâtblc

cl `nbt qul rlprlckrl sic eblc#

Bd rlssirt kl dí tiut nu oibcs qu(bd lst ucl vlrtu qul citrl

snbct cl prntbqul pns$ a(lst dn rlaiccnbssncal bctlddlatulddl#

]iur Abaâric$ a(lst uc kbsabpdl jistbdl$ lt sic bobtntbic lst pdlbcl

kl râtbalcals# Cius nvics kbt qul qunck bd dub rlssloedl piur

dl ìck kls bkâls a(lst ondhrâ dub# Nu aictrnbrl$ dls kb``ârlcals

sict ajlrajâls$ viuduls lt naausâls# Bd dl arbtbqul *>"# Bd dub

rlpriajl sic nrt$ aiool s(bd nvnbt cub nu sârblux kl sic lcslb/

hclolct *5"# Lc`bc bd sl kâ`lck kl vlcbr `nbrl í sn subtl kls

tjâirbls oirndls$ quibqu(lc rândbtâ bd lc nbt `nbt# Al qu(bd sl

pripisl$ a(lst kl rnppirtlr dls hrncks lxlopdls kiccâs nux

ajrâtblcs pnr dlurs ncaçtrls# Alt lcslbhclolct/dí ku oibcs

c(lst pns suglt í kbsaussbic *1"# Bd nccical nbcsb ucl sirtl kl

oirndl lc natbic tbrâl kl d(jbstibrl snbctl# Lc vârbtâ bd n `nbt

quldqul ajisl kl pdus# Onbs bd n `nbt nussb al qu(bd nccicènbt#

Lt sic dbvrl$ aiool aldub kl Abaâric k(nbddlurs$ lst uc rlaulbd

k(lxlopdls# Onbs sls lxlopdls cl sict pns alux kl Abaâric$ lt

a(lst bab qu(nppnrnãt dl oblux sic pnrtb prbs k(bc`bkâdbtâ# Bd `nbt

uc vbsbedl l`ìrt piur triuvlr kl ajnqul vlrtu kls lxlopdls qul

dl ajrbstbncbsol pubssl rlvlckbqulr$ lt tiutl d(jbstibrl snbctl y

pnssl klpubs dls pntrbnrajls gusqu(í aldub qul dls hcistbquls

npplddlct dl ciuvld Nkno#Bd vn sncs kbrl qul$ piur dl pdus hrnck cioerl kl als lxlo/

pdls$ dl ajibx n âtâ jlurlux$ lt d(nppdbantbic `nabdl# Bd y n kl

d(âtlrcld lc oirndl$ lt d(ic plut triuvlr prntbquâls lc Gukâl dls

vlrtus kict dn Hrêal lt Uiol ict `nbt dn tjâirbl# ]iur quldquls

ucs alplcknct ic slct qu(bds sict bcsârâs nprês aiup kncs uc

tlxtl qub c(âtnbt pns `nbt piur lux# Lt bds cl priuvlct pns tiugiurs

al qu(bd s(nhbt kl priuvlr# ûl dl sidlbd sl sibt nrrçtâ piur ieâbr

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ :;#

*5" Bk#$ >$52#

*1" O#$ B$ >>0#



KB@@ÂULCALQ LZ[ÂUBL\ULQ KLQ KL\Z DBPULQ# å;<

í Gisuâ lt piur najlvlr sn vbatibrl$ aldn pnr lxlopdl cl tâoib/

hcl cb kl sn ernviurl cb kl sls tndlcts *>"# Onbs snbct Noeribsl$

qub nvnbtk(neirk câhdbhâ$ piur dls nutrls ìrols ku aiurnhl$ dl

aiurnhl obdbtnbrl$ sloedl arnbckrl qu(ic prlccl onbsic sbdlcal

sur alttl vlrtu$ aiool sb d(jbstibrl snbctl âtnbt í aiurt k(jiools

kl hulrrl$ lt$ rlvlcnct sur sls pns$ abtl tius dls rbvnux jâerlux

kl Kâabus lt kl Uâhudus# >> `nut lc l``lt qul d(jbstibrl snbctl

su``bsl í tiut# Qnbct Noeribsl y ajlrajl oçol lt y triuvl kls

lxlopdls ku ond aiool ku eblc# Ic y vibt kls bctrbhncts aioolNesndic *5"$ kls plr`bkls aiool Kndbdn *1"# Ic y npprlck$ kncs

d(jbstibrl kl Uieino$ aioolct kl onuvnbs aicslbddlrs ìct

plrkrl ucl aiuriccl *;"#

D(âadlatbsol$ qub cius `nbt sndulr nvla dl oçol rlsplat dn vlrtu

kl tius dls pnys lt kl tius dls tlops$ lst uc slctbolct bcaiccu

í snbct Noeribsl# Bd slrnbt$ al qul cius aioprlcics ond$

pdutût âqubtnedl piur dls tjâirbls qul piur dls hlcs# Al Uionbc

n``latl k(bhcirlr d(jbstibrl kl sn pntrbl# >> ajlrajl nbddlurs kls

ncaçtrls$ kls siuvlcbrs$ kls hdibrls$ tiut al qub aicstbtul ucl

pntrbl oirndl# Bd abtl tiutlìbs$ aiool uc trnbt kl oőurs qu(bd

nppriuvl$ dn kâ`lcsl `nbtl nux pêrls kl `nobddl kl sl enbhclr

nvla dlurs `bds iu nvla dlurs hlckrls$ kl plur qu(bd c(lc râsudtl

ucl trip hrnckl `nobdbnrbtâ *<"# @nerbabus nussb triuvl hråal

klvnct dub *0"# Onbs a(lst tiut al qub rlstl kl d(jbstibrl rionbcl

kncs al trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs qub$ ajlz Abaâric$ lc âtnbt sb pdlbc# Dls

lxlopdls abtâs pnr Abaâric lt qub `nbsnblct kl sic dbvrl dl dbvrl

k(ir kl dn vlrtu pnélccl sict rlopdnaâs$ iu eblc sict rnppriajâs

k(lxlopdls jâerlux lt rnenbssâs í dlur pri`bd#

*>" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl i``#$d$ >2>1#

*5" Bk#$dT$ >>;#

*1" Bk#$ J$ >1>#

*;" Bk#$ >>$21#

*<" Bk#$ B$ 82#

*0" Bk#$ o$ 2>#



5;0 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[LQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

Bd `nukrnbt trip kl eiccl vidictâ piur çtrl tiugiurs kncs als

aiopnrnbsics kl d(nvbs kl snbct Noeribsl# \c pjbdisipjl$

Nrajbtns$ nvnbt kbt í uc kl sls kiolstbquls qub nvnbt aioobs

quldqul `nutl 7 « Aiool gl tl pucbrnbs$ sb gl c(âtnbs lc aidêrl . ¶

Noeribsl triuvl Knvbk três supârblur qub$ âtnct nroâ$ sl rltbct

kl `rnpplr *>"# Qnbct Dnurlct sl kâsidnct pnral qul sic âvçqul$

Zystl$ suebt sncs dub dl onrtyrlS lt alt âvçqul qub vn oiurbr aic/

sidnct sic kbsabpdl qub survbt$ vibdí uc splatnadl pdus âkb`bnct qul

aldub qul kiccêrlctIrlstl lt]ydnkl s(i``rnctd(ucpiur d(nutrl nusuppdbal *5"# ‛ Dls nkobrntlurs k(Irlstl lt kl ]ydnkl piurrnblct

râpickrl qul dls klux lxlopdls c(ict pns dn oçol sbhcb`bantbic$

lt qul dls onrtyrs kl d(nobtbâ sict k(ucl lspêal pdus rnrl$ sbcic

pdus âdlvâl$ qul dls nutrls onrtyrs# Al c(lst pns í Qabpbic qul cius

klvics d(nrt kl c(çtrl pibct sluds kncs dn sidbtukl$ ltkl c(çtrl gnonbs

oibcs ibsb`s qul qunck cius c(nvics rblc í `nbrl# Dl pripjêtl

Knvbk cius nvnbt lcslbhcâ í cius priolclr kl dich lc dnrhl kncs

citrl åol$ aiool kncs ucl vnstl klolurl$ lt Oiésl triuvn sb eblc

dl oiylc k(nhbr sncs rblc `nbrl qu(bd trbiopjn kl sls lcclobs lc

rlstnct booiebdl$ lt ndirs qu(ic dub siutlcnbt dls erns dlvâs vlrsdl

abld *1"# ‛ Qb d(lxlopdl kl Knvbk cl prâaâknbt aldub kl Oiésl$

ic aribrnbt qul snbct Noeribsl c(n pns aioprbs dn plcsâl kl

Qabpbic kict bd dls rnppriajl# ‛ Dls pjbdisipjls vnctlct klux

pytjnhirbablcs$ Knoic lt ]ytjbns$ kict vibab d(jbstibrl# D(uc

k(lux nvnbt âtâ aicknocâ í oirt pnr Klcys dl [yrnc# Bd prbn

qu(ic dl dnbssåt nddlr ajlz dub olttrl lc irkrl quldquls n``nbrls#

Qic nob s(i``rbt í dub slrvbr kl anutbic$ lt í oiurbr í sn pdnal$

s(bd cl rlvlcnbt nu giur kbt# Onbs bd rlvbct$ lt Klcys$ cic aictlct

kl `nbrl hråal í aldub qu(bd nvnbt aicknocâ$ klonckn í lctrlr

lctblrs kncs ucl sb elddl nobtbâ *;"# Onbs eblc pdus tiuajnctl

*>"Qnbct Noeribsl$

Kli``#$B$ 2;#

*5" )()#$ B$ 5=;#

*1" X#$BBB$ >#

*;" G*S#$ >>>$ :=#




piur snbct Noeribsl lst dn `bddl kl Glpjtâ$ naalptnct nvla râsb/

hcntbic dn oirt í dnqulddl uc vőu bopruklct kl sic pêrl d(n

lxpisâl# *Ic sl `öt nttlcku í dnvibr pdutût aiopnrlr í Bpjbhâcbl#"

‛ Bd y n kl oçol pdus gustl qu(Nrbstbkl *>"# Cius nvics kâgí

kbt lc`bc qulddl dlèic d(nvlu diynd kl Unhuld í [iebl kiccnbt í

tius dls ansubstls stiéablcs#

Bd lstn rlonrqulr qul# snu` uc$ als lxlopdls$ aiool dn pdupnrt

kl alux qub sict bcviquâs pnr snbct Noeribsl$ sict tbrâs kl d(Nc/

ablc [lstnolct# Cic qul dl Ciuvlnu [lstnolct lt d(jbstibrl kls

prloblrs sbêadls kl d(Lhdbsl siblct kâdbeârâolct dnbssâs kl aûtâ 7

onbs ic piurrnbt prlsqul aioptlr dls lopructs qub dlur sict `nbts#

Qncs kiutl dn vbl ku Ajrbst lst d(lxlopdl pnr lxalddlcal k(uc kic

nesidu kl sib/oçol *5"# Qnbct Noeribsl cl plut knvnctnhl pnrdlr

kl dn ajnstltâ sncscioolr Onrbl$ Onrbl qul triuedn oçol dn vul

kl d(nchl qub vbct dub nccicalr sn hdirblusl ontlrcbtâ *1"# Gukns$

nu aictrnbrl$ cius oictrl d(nvnrbal olcnct í dn trnjbsic *;"# Qnbct

]nud$ kict dls âpãtrls sict k(nbddlurs pdus k(ucl `ibs abtâls$ lst dn

plrsiccb`bantbic kls vlrtus qul kibt prntbqulr aldub qub vlut

lcslbhclr dn vlrtu *<"# Qnbct Noeribsl rnaictl lc`bc qul snbct

Dnurlct$ í qub ic nvnbt klonckâ dls trâsirs kl sic Lhdbsl$ oictrn

sls pnuvrls *0" 6 lt dub/oçol kncs d(n``nbrl kls vnsls snarâs tbrn

kl alttl bonhl dl pnrtb qul d(ic snbt# ‛ Onbs piur d(irkbcnbrl

cius siools rlpirtâs eblc kls sbêadls lc nrrbêrl# Bd lst âvbklct

qul snbct Noeribsl n dn suplrstbtbicki

d(nctbqubtâ ltajlrajl

í dn oirndl ajrâtblccl kls tbtrls dibctnbcs# Bd c(lst pns bopis/

sbedl nussb qul alrtnbc oikêdl nbt plsâ sur dub$ vlcnct gusqul

kncs alttl őuvrl oçdlr sic bc`dulcal í alddl kl Abaâric# Cius

vlrrics eblctût qu(bd n âarbt sur Nernjno$ sur Gnaie$ sur [iebl$

*b" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl i``#$ BBB$ :8#

*5" O#$ BBB$ b76$ ;2#

*1" Bk#$ B$ 02#

*;"O#$ BB$

5;#*e"X#$ BB$ :86 A`# BBB$ ><#

*0" Bk#$ Bd$ >;=#




dibc dn

rlciooâllt `bt vlcbr gusqu(í dub ucl rlbcl lc pêdlrbcnhl#

‛ Onbs a(lst surtiut Gie# Gie lst dl jâris ku trnbtâ Kls6 Klvibrs

kl snbct Noeribsl# Qic aictlct kl dl abtlr siuvlct$ snbct

Noeribsl rnaictl í sn `nèic sic jbstibrl$ a(lst/í/kbrl dn sbo/

pdb`bl# >> cl pnrtnhl pns d(nchibssl kls plrsiccnhls kl dn Ebedl

lc `nal kl ondjlurs kict dl slcs dlur âajnppl# Lt oçol dls

ednspjêols qub âajnpplct í Gie cl sict piur dub qu(ucl `lbctl

lt aiool uc nrtb`bal kl rjâtirbqul# Nbcsb ]dntic$ sl olttnct í

dn pdnal kl sls nkvlrsnbrls$ lxprbol dub/oçol piur uc bcstnct dls

ipbcbics qu(bd vn eblctût râùtlr# Dl krnol ebedbqul lst pnr dí

râkubt í uc slud natl# A(lst uc Gie rlvu lt airrbhâ pnr uc âvçqul

ajrâtblc$ lxlopdl k(ucl râsbhcntbic kict d(najnrclolct ku

ondjlur cl pnrvblct pns í trbiopjlr *>"# Bd kbt$ aiool kbrnbt

Lpbatêtl 7 « Gl subs câ cu# gl o(lc brnb cu# Al qul dl Qlbhclur o(n

kiccâ$ dl Qlbhclur ol d(n ûtâ# ¶ Onbs bd ngiutlr %#û(bd sibt`nbt(sldic

dn vidictâ ku Qlbhclur lt qul sic snbct cio sibt eâcb *5" .

¶ Ltbd slrt pnr surariãt í kâoictrlr( alttl tjêsl stiéablccl qul dls

pbrls ondjlurs cl cubslct pns nu eicjlur ku snhl *1"# Eblc

oblux$ sncs lux bd c(lbbt pns `nbt sls prluvls# Bds ìct kica

pnrtbl kl sn vlrtu lt kl sn hdibrl#

Onbs sb eic stiéablc qul Gie pnrnbssl$ bd cl d(lst qul pnr naab/

klct# Qls `nèics k(çtrl lt kl pnrdlr priaêklct k(ucl aicalptbic

kl dn vbl qub c(lst pns dn aicalptbic stiéablccl# Aiool dls

nutrls lxlopdls kiccâs pnr snbct Noeribsl$ alt lxlopdl lx/

prbol kls vlrtus vrnbolct ciuvlddls 7 aic`bncal lc Kblu$ juob/

dbtâ$ râsbhcntbic$ sur dlsqulddls bd cius `nut onbctlcnct cius

nrrçtlr# Onbs râussbrics/cius gnonbs í `nbrl oblux aioprlckrl

dn kb``ârlcal kls klux oirndls qul cius âtukbics qul pnr alttl

nctbtjêsl kls klux cios dls pdus ajlrs$ d(uc í snbct Noeribsl$

d(nutrl í Abaâric$ Gie lt Uâhudus9

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kai``#$ B$ ;>/;5#

*5" Bk#$ B$ >2>#

*1" dd#$\$ >2#



PLU[\Q CI\PLDDLQ# 5ed

k(uc kic hrntubt kl sib/oçol 6 iu$ sb [ic vlut y vibr ucl rlstb/

tutbic$ cius rlckics í ucl hâcârntbic al qul cius nvics rlèuk(ucl nutrl$ al qub lst k(ucl sidbknrbtâ pdus dnrhl# Kncs dn

gustbal aiooutntbvl bd y n í dn ìbs pdus k(ktribtlssl lt pdus kl

rbhulur# Ir Abaâric n d(åol gurbkbqul aiool tiut Uionbc#

A(lst lc iutrl uc pri`lssbiccld$ uc nviant# Dl stiéabsol n

âdneirl ajlz dub alttl citbic kl kribt lt d(n kâhnhâl kls ìron/

dbtâs qub d(iesaurabssnblct *>"# Onbs lddl c(lc rlssirt qul pdus

clttlolct kncs sn jnutnbcl sâajlrlssl$ lt a(lst sur lddl qul

Abaâric ìckl dls siabâtâs juonbcls# Al c(lst pns bab dl dblu kl

kbrl qul$ eiccl piur nssurlr dn pidbal lt aiool d(irkrl ontâ/

rbld kls Ltnts$ lddl olt lctrl dls hlcs kls enrrbêrls onbs cic

kls dblcs# Lddl rlssloedl í uc aictrnt pnssâ lctrl cis kb``ârlcts

âhiésols# Lddl c(lc lst pns oibcs ucl utbdl pritlatbic cic

sludlolct aictrl alux qub cius vludlct ku ond$ onbs aictrl

alux qub cius vludlct uc eblc qul cius cl viudics pns# Lt bd

`nukrn qul dls tlops oiklrcls rltriuvlct alttl citbic l``naâl#

lt lc `nsslct piur d(bckbvbku uc nerb aictrl dls bctlopârncals

kl dn ajnrbtâ#

Dn citbic k(Ltnt dnéqul lst âhndlolct ucl kl als citbics qul

cius klvics í Uiol$ í qub cius klvics tnct# Cius nvics vu

qulddl pdnal lddl tlcnbt kncs dn oirndl stiéablccl$ onbs d(Lhdbsl

n$ ajlz snbct Noeribsl$ `nbt tirt í d(Ltnt# A(lst d(bctârçt kl

d(Lhdbsl$ al c(lst pdus d(bctârçt kl d(Âtnt qub s(ippisl nux bctârçtspnrtbaudblrs$ D(Ltnt dub/oçol lst kncs d(Lhdbsl aiool d(lopl/

rlur *5"# Qnbct Noeribsl n uc pntrbitbsol nrklct$ onbs d(bkâl

kl pntrbl c(lst pns alddl k(Âtnt# Bd y n dí lcairl ucl citbic qub

cl rlpnrnãtrn qul kncs dls tlops oiklrcls$ nprês ucl dichul

âadbpsl# ‛ D(n``nbedbsslolct kl als klux bkâls âtnbt dn rncèic

pb/lsqul iedbhâl kls naqubsbtbics ciuvlddls 6 lt a(lst uc priedêol

lcairl cic râsidu qul aldub qub aicsbstl í `nbrl ailxbstlr als

*>" Abaâric$ Kl i``#$ B$ >=#

*5" Pibr ajnpbtrl prloblr#



5<5 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

klux nssiabntbics$ d(Ltnt lt d(Âhdbsl$ sncs sueirkicclr d(ucl í

[nutrl 6 a(lc lst uc nutrl kl c(bopislr sbdlcal cb nu kribt klvnct

dn pbdbl$ cb í dn pbtbâ klvnct di kribt#

Nvnct k(âtukblr dls slctbolcts nesiduolct ciuvlnux$ s(bd y

lc n$ qub rlssirtlct kl dn prâkbantbic k(Noeribsl$ bd cius `nut

lc âtukblr qub ict âtâ sludlolct rlciuvldâs lt qub ict rlèu$

oiylccnct @bctrikuatbic k(âdâolcts qub dls rnglucbsslct lt

dls trncsìrolct$ kribt kl abtâ kncs dn oirndl ajrâtblccl# ‛Hiool uc stiéablc$ snbct Noeribsl diul dl ajnrol nustêrl kl

dn sidbtukl lt k(neirk prlsqul kncs dls oûols tlrols$ onbs í

d(bsidlolct jnutnbc lt nu aictlctlolct âhiéstl ku stiéablc aic/

vlrsnct nvla dub/oçol sl suestbtul plu í plu$ kncs sn plcsâl$

uc kiux aioolral nvla Kblu$ aiopnhcic `bkêdl kls åols *>"#

‛ Kl oçol piur d(nobtbâ$ snbct Noeribsl lc pnrdl k(neirk

aiool Abaâric dub/oçol lc nvnbt pnrdâ# ûldquls trnbts sludl/

olct râvêdlct ucl plcsâl ajrâtblccl# Dn outulddl `bkâdbtâ kl

d(nobtbâ triuvl ucl hnrnctbl kncs ucl aiooucl pbâtâ *5"# Dn

ajnrbtâ supprbol lctrl dls nobs kl rnch bcâhnd ucl jbârnrajbl

bcaiopntbedl nvla d(nobtbâ# Lcairl dn cuncal lst/lddl í plbcl

snbsbssnedl lctrl als bkâls lt k(nutrls qub `nbsnblct aiool

pnrtbl kl dn tjâirbl adnssbqul kl d(nobtbâ# Lddl c(lst qul kncs

dls oits kl pbâtâ lt kl ajnrbtâ# Onbs vibab qul Kblu sl `nbt

d(nob kl d(jiool$ lt alttl nobtbâ k(ucciuvlnuhlcrlklvblctpiur

dls nobtbâs juonbcls uc oikêdl iu pdutût ucl rbvndl# Nbolr lt sl

slctbr nboâ nvla alttl pdâcbtukl kict d(bkâl k(bc`bcb plut sludl

kitlr cis slctbolcts$ aldn `nbt klsalckrl í uc rnch bc`ârblur

kncs d(irkrl kls n``latbics$ lt rlck suplr`duls piur dls aőurs

kâsironbs piurvus$ als bctbobtâs lctrl çtrls oirtlds lt `bcbs$ sb

ajêrls í dn oirndl nctbqul# Qnbct Noeribsl tiutlìbs cl slo/

edl pns prâvibr tiutls als aicsâqulcals# Lt aiool bd dub nrrbvl

siuvlct$ bd ngiutl dl slctbolct ajrâtblc nu slctbolct pri`ncl$

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ dbt$ 8#

*5")k#$ BBB$ >15#



/5<; DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

Nernjno *>" lt Oiésl *5" sict kiccâs piur dls pdus snvncts kls

jiools# Qb cius dbsics lcsubtl qul dn sablcal lst dl prbcabpl

kl tius cis klvibrs$ bd `nut lctlckrl pnr dí qul sncs ìb lt

sncs pbâtâ bd c(y n pns k(jiccûtl jiool# Pibdí qub lst ciuvlnu#

Dn pjbdisipjbl nctbqul `nbsnbt kl dn sablcal uc oiylc kl kâdb/

vrncal piur rjiool# Dls ajrâtblcs k(Ndlxnckrbl nvnblct obs

kncs dn spâaudntbic tiutls dlurs lspârncals# Kncs snbct Noeribsl

nu aictrnbrl cius triuvics$ lc oçol tlops qu(ucl kâ`bncal

tiutl guknéqul í d(âhnrk kl alttl sablcal ku eblc lt ku ond kict

dn piursubtl n plrku d(juoncbtâ$ bo audtl lxadusb` piur ucl vlrtu

bcaiccul kl d(nctbqubtâ adnssbqul$ dn ìb# Ngiutlz qul$ tnckbs qul

kl cis giurs ic kbstbchul dn ariyncal kldí sablcal lt qu(ic dls

ippisl$ alttl ìb kiabdl lst piur snbct Noeribsl d(âqubvndlct kl

dn sablcal$ iu pdutût dn olbddlurl kls sablcals#

Dn vlrtu ajrâtblccl nppldâl gustbal kb``êrl í sic tiur$

quibqul oibcs rnkbandlolct$ kl dn vlrtu pnélccl ku oçolcio *1"# Dn gustbal$ kncs dl dbvrl kl snbct Noeribsl aiool kncs

aldub( kl Abaâric$ aioprlck dn ajnrbtâ$ lt dn ajnrbtâ lst dn vlrtu

priprl ku ajrbstbncbsol# Onbs al c(lst pns aldn qul cius viu/

dics kbrl piur d(bcstnct# Dn gustbal lddl/oçol$ dn gustbal priprl/

olct kbtl klvblct$ kncs dl vibsbcnhl lt aiool kncs dl rnyic/

clolct kl alttl ajnrbtâ$ quldqul ajisl kl kb``ârlct kl dn gustbal#

Lddl aicsbstl í plcslr nux nutrls pdus qu(í sib *;"$ eblc dibc

kl sl eirclr í `bxlr dls dbobtls kls priprbâtâs lt kls kribts# Dn

cnturl lt Kblu vludlct qul cius cius prçtbics uc outuld nppub

lt qu(bd s(âtnedbssl lctrl cius ucl rbvndbtâ kl eics i``bals *<"#

Al c(lst pns piur ucl nutrl rnbsic qul cius siools pdus k(uc

sur alttl tlrrl# Kblu c(n kiccâ ucl aiopnhcl nu prloblr

*>" Qnbo Noeribsl$ Kl =S#$ B$ >>8#

*5" Bk#$ B$ >51#

*1" Bk#$ d$ >50#

*;" Bk#$d$ >10#

*<" Bk#$ B$ >11#



PLU[\Q CI\PLDDLQ# 5<<

jiool qul piur qul dlur ucbic `öt í dn ìbs d(irbhbcl lt dl

typl kls siabâtâs juonbcls### « Bd c(lst pns eic$ s(âtnbt/bd kbt$

qul d(jiool sibt slud *>"# ¶ Aldn âtnct$ ic aioprlck qu(lctrl

als çtrls sl aiopdâtnct lt s(nbonct tiut sibt aioouc# \cl

priprbâtâ bckbvbkulddl lst uc kâolctb í dn aic`bncal lt í

d(noiur *5"# Cius tbrlrics nbddlurs kl al prbcabpl tiut al qu(bd

aictblct# Kbsics piur dl oiolct qu(bd neiutbt í `nbrl kl

d(Âhdbsl dn siabâtâ bkândl# « D(Lhdbsl lst uc oikl kl dn gustbal *1"# ¶

Kncs d(Lhdbsl$ tiut lst obs lc aioouc$ dn prbêrl$ dl trnvnbd$

dls siu``rncals# Bd cl plut knvnctnhl çtrl qulstbic kncs ucl

tlddl siabâtâ kl dâhbtbol kâ`lcsl lt kl rlprâsnbddls *;"# Dn gustbal

ajrâtblccl cl aioprlck kica qul kls klvibrs lt pibct kl

kribts# Onbs$ al qub najêvl k(lc onrqulr dl anrnatêrl$ lddl aio/

prlck gusqu(í cis klvibrs lcvlrs Kblu piur dlsqulds bd c(lst

pibct kl râabpriabtâ *i"# Iu lddl c(lst pns ucl vlrtu$ iu lddl lst

kâgí noiur lt pbâtâ$ ajnrbtâ lc uc oit# Lddl c(n piurdn kbstbc/hulr qul dn pdus hrnckl prâabsbic kls iedbhntbics qu(lddl aio/

pirtl#

Qb kl dn gustbal cius pnssics nu aiurnhl$ cius nddics vibr

lcairl al qul kls abraicstncals pnrtbaudbêrls$ al qu(uc lsprbt

ciuvlnu ìct kl d(ucl kls pdus vblbddls pnrob dls vlrtus ju/

onbcls# Qncs kiutl cius siools kâgí dibc nvla dls stiéablcs ku

audtl kls snuvnhls piur dn ìral pjysbqul$ lt snbct Noeribsl

c(nurn k(neirk qu(í rlprlckrl lt í kâvldipplr dlur aicalptbic

k(ucl ìrol âobclctl ku aiurnhl$ dl aiurnhl aictrl sib/oçol#

Nux eblcs aiool nux onux bds ippisnblct ucl âhndbtâ k(åol

`nbtl k(irhulbd lt k(l`ìrt# J y n k(nutrls âdâolcts kncs dl aiu/

rnhl ku ajrâtblc# Bd siu``rl piur dl Ajrbst lt cic sncs lspâ/

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kli`d%#$ B$ >1;#

*5"Bk#$ B$ >15#

*1" Bk#$d$ >;5#

*;" Pibr pdus dibc#

S<" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ >$ >58#



5<0 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

rncal *>"$ bd sl oirtb`bl *5"$ bd sl râsbhcl *1"# Qncs âpubslr bab

tiut al qul cius nurics í kbrl kl dn râsbhcntbic$ cius klvics

rlonrqulr alttl ìrol priprl kiccâl nu aiurnhl$ qub klvblct

surtiut [nrt kl suppirtlr$ dn pntblcal$ vlrtu kâgí diuâl pnr

[lrtu\blc qub cl dn prntbqunbt huêrl *;"# A(lst nbcsb qul Gie

lst abtâ pnr snbct Noeribsl aiool dl pdus aiurnhlux kls

jiools *i"# \c tld aiurnhl c(n pns$ piur dl siutlcbr$ d(lxndtn/

tbic ku aioent lt kl d(natbic$ lt bd tbrl knvnctnhl sn ìral kl

dub/oûol# Ngiutics qul dls ajrâtblcs kncs dn siu``rncal

ajlrajlct í s(nhulrrbr# Dn plcsâl ku onrtyrl dls jnctl lcairl#

Dlur vbl lst cic sludlolct dn oâkbtntbic kl dn oirt$ onbs kl

dn oirt naalptâl lt vnbddnoolct suebl# Lt cius nvics kbt

nbddlurs qul aldn cl ùt pns sncs bc`dulcal sur dl anrnatêrl

nsaâtbqul kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl# Qb dl aiurnhl lst kncs dn

prâpnrntbic nu onrtyrl$ í pdus ìrtl rnbsic lst/bd kncs dl onr/

tyrl dub/oçol$ lt snbct Noeribsl abtl quldqul sucs kl als jâris

ajrâtblcs qul dn ìrol pnrtbaudbêrl kl dlur jâriésol n `nbts

pdus ajrâtblcs lcairl *0"# Anr sb k(nutrls rldbhbics lt sb dn dberl

plcsâl lddl/oçol ict lu kls onrtyrs$ dl onrtyrl n âtâ kncs dl

ajrbstbncbsol$ al qu(bd c(n âtâ cuddl pnrt nbddlurs$ ucl bcstbtutbic#

Bd `nbsnbt pnrtbl kls prâvbsbics kl tiut ajrâtblc qub snvnbt kncs

quld ans bd klvlcnbt piur dub uc klvibr$ lt s(npprçtnbt kl dibc í

cl pns `nbedbr# Dl ajrbstbncbsol k(ndirs$ eblc dibc k(noiddbr dls

aiurnhls$ dls lctrltlcnbt pnr alttl vbsbic ku onrtyrl qul dls

âvâclolcts sl ajnrhlnblct kl rlckrl tiugiurs prâslctl# Al

c(lst qul pdus tnrk qu(bd sloedlrn kicclr dl pns nux vlrtus

`âobcbcls# Onbs dls prloblrs ajrâtblcs ict su aicabdblr dn ìral

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ d$ >:5#

*5" X#$ B$ >:1#

*1"8*W#$ B$ >2>#

*;" [lrtuddbfc$ Klpntbactbn#

*i" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ >2;#

*0" Bk#$d$ >22 lt ;2#



PLU[\Q CI\PLDDLQ# 5<8

ld dn kiualur$ lt a(lst cbrol dí uc kls trnbts kl dlur vlrtu lt

aiool dn kâdbcbtbic kl dlur aiurnhl#

Dn quntrbêol vlrtu$ dn tlopârncal$ lst dn vlrtu priprl kl

d(nctbqubtâ# A(lst ucl vlrtu `nbtl k(nrt lt kl olsurl# Lddl cl

cius nrrnajl pns í cius/oçols$ onbs nu aictrnbrl `nbt kl sn

priprl plrsiccl piur ajnauc d(ieglt k(ucl sirtl kl audtl# Lt

cius nvics kbt al qul dl ajrbstbncbsol$ lc `nbsnct sblccl alttl

vlrtu$ naalptnbt kl d(jârbtnhl oirnd k(Nrbstitl lt kls stiéablcs#

Qnbct Noeribsl$ tiut lc rlprikubsnct í pripis k(lddl quldquls

bos kls kâvldipplolcts kl Hbaâric$ lt kls pdus pnélcs$ dub

kiccl pnr quldquls tiuajls uc nsplat ciuvlnu# Lddl klvblct

râslrvl lt oncsuâtukl {{"#/ Nu dblu k(lxndtlr dl oib$ lddl

d(nenbssl *5"# \c plu pdus dibc$ lddl sl trncsìrol lc puklur *1"$

sirtl kl kbhcbtâ lcairl$ onbs aioeblc pdus kâdbantl lt pdus

kbsarêtl# Dn kbt`ârlcal kl slcs ku oit dntbc oiklstbn lt kuoit `rncènbs oiklstbl su``bt k(nbddlurs í lxprbolr al qu(bd y n kl

ajnchâ kncs dn vlrtu qu(bds kâsbhclct#

Dn ìb suestbtuâl í dn sablcal$ dn gustbal rnolcâl í dn sidb/

knrbtâ$ dl aiurnhl prlcnct dn ìrol kl dn pntblcal$ dn tlopâ/

rncal klvlcnct kiualur lt purltâ$ tiut aldn `nbt ucl oirndl

ciuvlddl kncs kls ankrls ncablcs lt nvla ucl tlrobcidihbl qub

kbssboudl dn priìcklur kl dn râvidutbic naaiopdbl# Ciusnddics onbctlcnct âtukblr kls slctbolcts pdus pdlbclolct ciu/

vlnux iu$ sb d(ic vlut$ kls cuncals pdus clttlolct naausâls kl

quldquls/ucs kls slctbolcts kâgí lctrlvus# Anr tiutls als

bccivntbics oirndls tblcclct kl prês dls ucls nux nutrls#

ûnck d(ucl lst pisâl$ dls nutrls s(lcsubvlct# Al sict

aiool dls nsplats k(ucl oçol vlrtu$ kl klux tiut nu pdus#

Cius npplddlrics ajnrbtâ dn slaickl kl als vlrtus hâcârn/

trbals# ]iur dn prlobêrl cius cl triuvics pns kl cio *gnb

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i)`#$ B$ 5=2$ 5>:#

*5" O#$ B$ 5>=#

*7g" Vk#$ .$ 55=#

\#OPLUQB[Â KL DyiC# ‛ PBBB# N# >8



5<: DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

aicvblccl$ *gub lxprbol k(ucl dnèic nsslz syctjâtbqul al qul

cius viukrbics dub `nbrl kbrl# Cius cl kiutics pibct alplc/

knct qu(bd c(y nbt ucl pnrlctâ$ ucl râlddl aiooucnutâ kl

prbcabpl lctrl tiutls dls nttbtukls kl @íol qul cius nddics

kâarbrl#

Dl ajrbstbncbsol n plr`latbiccâ dn vbl bctârblurl$ s(bd cl d(n pns

arââl# Bd n obs dn vlrtu lc klkncs# Lc al slcs bd lst pdus lxadusb/

vlolct oirnd qu(nuaucl nutrl kiatrbcl oirndl lt lc pnrtbaudblr

qul als kiatrbcls nctbquls qub c(ict gnonbs prbs dlur pnrtb klsnarb`blr d(nppnrlcal lt dn elnutâ# Ic n pu dub rlpriajlr d(âtrib/

tlssl kl sic pibct kl vul *>"# Lddl lst kica eblc uc âdâolct kl

sic irbhbcndbtâ$ lt lddl vn d(nolclr bb prlckrl sur alrtnbcs pibcts

dl aictrl/pblk kl dn oirndl pnélccl# Dn ybl anajâl lst piur

Abaâric ucl vbl bc`ârblurl *5"$ eiccl piur dls `nbedls k(lsprbt

lt kl airps# Lt cius nvics kâgí klssbcâ k(nprês dub alt bkând kl

dn vbl aiopdêtl qul slud d(jiool k(Ltnt rândbsl# Cl vn/t/bd pns

gusqu(í naalptlr qu(uc jiool sl olttl pnb( dls slrvbals rlckus

nu/klssus$ a(lst/í/kbrl lc kljirs kls rêhdls kl d(jiccçtltâ

vudhnbrl *1" 9 ]iur dl ajrâtblc als aioplcsntbics cl pluvlct

lxbstlr lctrl ajisls qub cl sict pns kl oçol irkrl# Dn vlrtu lst

í pnrt$ lt sludl lddl n ku prbx# Eblc dibc qul tiut al qub s(ngiutl

í lddl kl kics cnturlds lt kl hdibrl lc rljnussl d(âadnt$ lddl

rlkiutl aiool uc knchlr als vibsbcnhls# Lddl sl kâ`bl kl tiut

al qul dl oickl lcalcsl iu sbopdlolct nppriuvl# Al qul cius

nppldics dls aicvlcncals$ al sict siuvlct cis aicvlcncals6

lt dl ajrâtblc rlkiutl dl pjnrbsnésol gusqu(í sl aiopdnbrl

kncs d(nenbsslolct iu tiut nu oibcs kncs d(iuedb# Bd n plur kl

s(lctlckrl kbrl 7 « Rius nvlz kâgí lu vitrl râaioplcsl¶$ lt

cl vlut rlalvibr dn sblccl qul kl Kblu# Bd c(nccicalrn kica

pibct í sic kl triopl sls dbeârndbtâs$ onbs `lrn dl slarlt nutiur

*>" Ulcnc$ Onra/Nurêdl$ p# <<;#

*5" Abaâric$ B$ Kli``(#$5d#

*1" X#$ >$;>#



PLU[\Q CI\PLDDLQ# 512

kl sls nestbclcals *>"# Bd prâ`ârlrn í tiutls dls nutrls dls vlrtus

prbvâls lt y vlrrn oçol dn rnabcl lt dn aickbtbic kl tiutl

vlrtu *5"# Al c(lst pibct [ipbcbic ku oickl qu(bd vlut aicquâ/

rbr# ]iur uc pnélc dn rlprâslctntbic lxtârblurl kl dn vlrtu âtnbt

uc âdâolct kl alttl vlrtu# ]iur uc ajrâtblc bd c(y n kl vlrtu

vrnbl qul kncs d(ioerl$ lt pritâhâl pnr ucl sirtl kl puklur#

Alddl qub s(âtndl dub lst susplatl# Al sict dí sarupudls râalcts$

kl oçol qul dlur aictrnbrl$ d(jypiarbsbl$ lst$ lc uc alrtnbc slcs$

uc vbal râalct# D(nctbqubtâ c(n pibct lu kl [nrtu`l$ pnral qul

c(nynct pibct aiccu dn vbl bctârblurl lddl c(lc n pu aiccnãtrl dl

olcsichl# Lt a(lst ucl rlonrqul qul d(ic piurrnbt `nbrl kl

pdusblurs kls bcvlctbics oirndls ku ajrbstbncbsol$ aiool kl

tiut prihrês kl dn aicsablcal# Lddls ict lu dlur aictrl/pnrtbl

lt dlur lcvlrs$ tiut klvibr ciuvlnu âtnct lc kâ`bcbtbvl ucl

iaansbic ciuvlddl kl `nbddbr$ lt dls rn``bclolcts kncs dl ond sub/

vnct kl prês dls rn``bclolcts kncs dl eblc#

A(lst kl d(juobdbtâ qul cius nrrbvics nbcsb í pnrdlr# ]iur

olsurlr dls kbstncals k(bkâls qub ict âtâ pnraiuruls$ bd `nut sl

rnppldlr bab dl kâknbc k(Nrbstitl piur dls juoedls kict bd guhl

dls åols slrvãtls *1"# Abaâric dub/oçol nvnbt âarbt klux dbvrls

sur dn hdibrl *;" qu(bd nbol piur lddl/oçol lt piur dl eblc qu(lddl

plrolt kl `nbrl$ tlddlolct dn vbl puedbqul lst [ieglt aicstnct

kl sn plcsâl# Pibdí klux dbvrls qul snbct Noeribsl$ dls lòt/bd aic/

cus$ c(lut gnonbs lu d(bkâl k(bobtlr# Dls oirndls qul cius aio/

pnrics sict bab$ lc l``lt$ nux nctbpikls d(ucl kl d(nutrl# D(juobdbtâ

klvblct ucl vlrtu$ uc nrt# Qabvbt juobdbnrb$ kbt snbct Noeribsl

ku puedbanbc kl d(Lvnchbdl *<"$ anr d(juobdbtâ cl kibt pns çtrl

dbddl kl dn plur# >> `nut s(juobdblr í pripis$ nvla olsurl lt lc

*d"Q#OC[/N3bccibsF$ Kl u``#$TT$ 51#

*5" X#$ BB$ >8#

*1" Nrbstitl$ Ltj# Cbl$ BP$ BB 6 A`# Lbbk#$ BBB$ 1#

*;" AbaFUiC$ Kl iy`#$ BB$ 2#

*<" Qnbct Noeribsl$ BB$ 2=#



50= DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

snajnct lxnatlolct al qul d(ic vnut# Ulonrquics als tlrols

lc pnssnct# Qnbct Noeribsl lst tlddlolct boprâhcâ ku stiéabsol

qul kls `nèics kl pnrdlr stiéablccls rânppnrnbsslct nbcsb$ ndirs

qu(lddls sict dl oibcs nttlckuls# Onbs als naabklcts kl sn plc/

sâl cl kibvlct pns cius lc onsqulr dl ìck# \c onãtrl kl

d(juobdbtâS sldic dl hiöt kl snbct Noeribsl$ al ùt Gislpj$ al

`bds kl pntrbnrajls qub sl pdbn í dn aickbtbic k(lsadnvl lt sut sl

kicclr dls vlrtus kl dn slrvbtukl *>"# Anr dn slrvbtukl n sls

vlrtus# Kbsics pdus$ lddl lst pripbal í dn vbl oirndl$ lt snbct

Noeribsl n âarbt qu(lddl âtnbt uc kic kbvbc *5"# A(lst piurquib

dl ajrbstbncbsol prbt lc pntblcal d(lsadnvnhl qu(bd guhlnbt piur/

tnct ucl vbidntbic kl d(âhndbtâ âtnedbl pnr Kblu# Anr$ lc uc

nutrl slcs$ bd slrt í kl eblcvlbddncts klsslbcs# Dls åols vrnbolct

ajrâtblccls y triuvlct piur s(âpnciubr uc tlrrnbc `nvirnedl lt

aiool ucl sbtuntbic prbvbdâhbâl# Aictrnbrl nu kribt$ bd lst

d(nsbdl kl alrtnbcls vlrtus# Ir dls pritlstntbics ku kribt sictajisl purlolct juonbcl lt câhdbhlnedl nu prbx kl d(âtlrcbtâ

lt kl al qub oêcl í lddl# Dl ajrbstbncbsol cl supprbon kica

pibct d(lsadnvnhl$ onbs d(nciedbt lc `nbsnct kls vlrtus qub dub

sict priprls dls vlrtus ajrâtblccls pnr lxalddlcal# Ir a(lst dí

dl aiup dl pdus slcsbedl qu(bd pirtn í d(bkând nctbqul# Qur alr/

tnbcs pibcts dn Hrêal n klvncaâ lt prâpnrâ dn oirndl ajrâ/

tblccl# Qur k(nutrls$ d(irbhbcl kl cis bkâls lst kiutlusl iu kiuedl/

Onbs dn Hrêal$ eblc dibc k(jicirlr alux qub sict iu qub sl ìct

pltbts$ c(n lu qul ku oâprbs piur lux# Bd y n dí$ kncs cis aics/

ablcals$ quldqul ajisl qub cl vblct pns k(lddl#

A(lst dirsqu(uc ncablc lxprbol uc slctbolct vibsbc kl

d(juobdbtâ qul d(ic plut dl oblux olsurlr í qulddl kbstncal bd

rlstl k(lddl# Bd nrrbvl í Abaâric kl `nbrl `b kl dn hdibrl$ kl alddl

qul kiccl d(ipbcbic kls jiools *1"# Onbs a(lst qu(ndirs bd sl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl i``#$ BB$ :8#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl]nrwD$ ZbP$ 85#

*1"AbAFU=C$ Kl i``#$ >$>2#



PLU[\Q CI\PLDDLQ# 50>

rltrncajl lc dub/oûol lt sl aiopdnãt kncs [nppriendbic bsidâl

*gubd sl kâalrcl# Bd y n dibc kl alttl vlrtu qub sl hubckâ nux

purls gibls kl dn aicsablcal$ lt al oâprbs kl dn hdibrl vblct k(uc

rn`tbclolct kl d(irhulbd pdutût qul kl d(juobdbtâ# ‛ Dl ajrâtblc

ibérl sic juobdbtâ í sic Kblu# >> c(irhncbsl pns sn vbl nvla

d(bckâplckncal k(uc stiéablc# >> d(naalptl tiutl `nbtl$ bd ieâbt$

bd sl râsbhcl# Dl Qlbhclur n kiccâ alt lxlopdl# Qn vbl c(n âtâ

qu(ieâbssncal *d"# gCius klvics bobtlr alttl nttbtukl# A(lst

kncs dl oçol lsprbt qul dls ajrâtblcs sl `ict nppldlr slrvb/

tlurs ku *(jrbst *5 .# Bd y n tiutl ucl râvidutbic kncs als sbopdls

oits# Nrbstitl$ í qubciusklonckbicskâgítiut ndjlurlrlxprls/

sbic kl dn purl plcsâl kls Hrlas$ rlpiussl tiutl bchârlcal

knutrub kncs citrl aickubtl lt prâ`êrl trip kl jnutlur í

trip kl aicklsalckncal *1"# Dn vlrtu pnélccl$ Px/g/bp/Nb(#x$ aic/

sbstl kncs dn onãtrbsl kl sib 6 dn vlrtu ajrâtblccl kncs dn siu/

obssbic# Q(n``rncajbr$ piur lddl$ a(lst s(n`d(rncajbr kl sib/oçol#

K(iò cius aicadurics qul quldqul ajisl kl ajrâtblc lst

rlstâ gusqul kncs alttl `iroudl oiklrcl 7 uc slrvbtlur ku

klvibr$ í snvibr alttl bkâl oçol qu(bd y n kl dn ciedlssl í

ieâbr#

A(lst uc slctbolct kl oçol irkrl qub nttbrn dl ajrbstbncbsol

vlrs d(lc`nct lt dls vlrtus kl d(lc`nct# Al slctbolct sl `nbt giur

kncs snbct Noeribsl dirsqu(bd trnbtl kl dn aidêrl# íZius snvics

kâgí qu(bd lst piur lddl tiut bckudhlcal piurvu qu(lddl cl kurl

pns$ lt bd kiccl ndirs lc lxlopdl nux jiools als aidêrls k(lc/

`nct sb vbtl andoâls$ aidêrls sncs rncaucl$ lt subvbls kl sb tlc/

krls râaicabdbntbics# Kl d(lc`nct tiut lst bccialct$ oçol sls

lopirtlolcts# Bccialcal qu(bd `nut `nbrl rlcnãtrl lc cius$ lt

alttl pnridl kl d(Lvnchbdl rlvblct í dn plcsâl kl snbct Noeribsl 7

« Qb vius cl klvlclz sloednedls í al pltbt lc`nct$ vius c(lctrl/

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl `bkl$ P$ :#

*5" NigZib Zp(#g[Ig# Ld sÂuF$ Jbst# laaD$ P$ >

*1" Nrbstitl$ Ltj# bC(ba$ BP$ 1#




rlz }"ns kncs dl riynuol kls ablux *>"# ¶ Onbs bd löt pu abtlr

nussb eblc al kiux prâalptl í pripis kl [ieâbssncal kict cius

vlcics kl pnrdlr# N vrnb kbrl bd râsuol tiutl ucl oirndl qub

lst gustlolct alddl qul cius lxpisics#

Juoedl klvnct Kblu$ dl ajrâtblc lst juoedl klvnct dls

jiools# Bd râprbol tiut oiuvlolct k(bopntblcal$ bd rltblct sn

dnchul# >> sl tnbt$ iu nttlck qu(ic d(bctlrrihl *5"# Dl sbdlcal lst

í dub slud ucl vlrtu# Dl ajrâtblc nenckiccl quldqul ajisl kl

sic kribt pdutût qul kl kbsautlr lt kl entnbddlr# Cius vlrrics

tiut al qu(bd y n kl eictâ kncs sic `nbt# Onbs bd nhbt nussb pnr

jnbcl ku erubt lt pnr noiur kl dn pnbx# Q(âoiuvibr k(ucl

bcgurl$ a(lst dn oârbtlr# A(lst dnbsslr aribrl ku oibcs qu(lddl n

pirtâ *1"# Dl gustl tbrl sn `iral kl sn kiualur oçol# A(lst lc

aâknct qu(bd `bcbt pnr vnbcarl *;"# Nbcsb `bt Gnaie nvla sic `rêrl

sur dl aicslbd kl Uâelaan# ^unck bd dl vbt lc aidêrl$ bd dub

aâkn dn pdnal$ lt rlvbct qunck bd dl suppisn andoâ# Lt pnr dí bd

oârbtn dls hråals ku Qlbhclur *<"# Kica alttl kiualur c(lst

pns sludlolct râsbhcntbic# Lddl lst tnatbqul lt siupdlssl# Aldn

cius dn håtl uc plu$ lt cius olt lc kâ`bncal aictrl als

juoedls qub cl sict qul kls jnebdls# Bd y n dí ucl plctl `ntndl

piur alrtnbcls vlrtus# Kâsbctârlssâls kncs dlur prbcabpl$ lddls

sl triuvlct slrvbr í olrvlbddl oçol cis bctârçts k(bab/ens$

k(iò bd plut râsudtlr$ piur alux qub dls prntbqulct$ dl siupèickl piursubvrl klux `bcs lt kl slrvbr klux onãtrls# Onbs aldub

qub s(lst `nbt ucl åol k(lc`nct bhcirl als andauds#

Cius cl kbsics rblc k(ucl vlrtu qub lst alplcknct priajl

pnrlctl kl alddl qul cius vlcics kl pnsslr lc rlvul$ pnral qul$

tiut bckbquâl qu(lddl lst kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs$ lddl nurn

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ >$ 21#

*5" O#$ B$ >;#

*1"#)*b#$ >$55#

*;" \#$ T$ 5=#

*<")k#$ B$ 2>#



PLU[\Q CI\PLDDLQ# 50ã

pdutût kncs k(nutrls âarbts kl citrl snbct dl rnch qub lst dub lst rlstâ

kncs dn oirndl ajrâtblccl# A(lst kl dn ajnstltâ qu(bd s(nhbt# Dn

`lool kibt prblt vibdâl 6 dn vluvl kibt rlstlr `bkêdl í aldub

qu(lddl n plrku *;"6 nrrnajlr dls `lools nu kâsjicclur vnut

oblux qul k(nrrnajlr dls jiools í dn oirt *5"# Lt sb vius

rbls prçtrl$ nestlclz/vius oçol kls rlhnrks$ anr dls rlhnrks

pluvlct çtrl aiupnedls kl aicvibtbsl lt k(nkudtêrl *1"# Pibdí ku

oibcs quldquls trnbts qub lc priolttlct k(nutrls$ lt qub râvêdlctucl kiatrbcl qul cius vlrrics nbddlurs s(âpnciubr# Lt sb lddl cl

tblct pns pdus kl pdnal kncs dl dbvrl qul cius âtukbics$ a(lst qul

dls ankrls abaâricblcs cl s(y prçtnblct pns#

Cius lc nvics `bcb nvla alttl prlobêrl `nobddl kl vlrtus 7

juobdbtâ$ kiualur$ purltâ piur dnqulddl cius c(nvics pibct

triuvâ kl cio aioouc# K(lddls ic piurrnbt *lt cius lc nvics

kâgí `nbt dn rlonrqul( *;" pnsslr í dn ajnrbtâ pnr ucl kbndlatbqul

cnturlddl$ dls pdus sâvêrls piur lux/oçols âtnct k(irkbcnbrl

dls olbddlurs piur nutrub# ûib qu(bd lc sibt$ a(lst lc l``lt kl dn

ajnrbtâ qu(bd cius rlstl í pnrdlr# Lddl lopdbt dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs

kl snbct Noeribsl# Kncs dl prloblr dbvrl$ aicìroâolct nu

pdnc kl Abaâric$ lddl prlck pdnal í aûtâ kl dn gustbal$ onbs piur

d(nesirelr lt dn rl`nbrl í sic bonhl# Dn gustbal c(lst pdus qu(uc

aioolcalolct$ uc obcbouo kl ajnrbtâ# \c slud oit lcjâerlu sbhcb`bl í dn ìbs gustbal lt nuoûcl ì"$ aicùsbic kl

oits qub rl`dêtl ucl aicùsbic k(bkâls# Qnbct Noeribsl n pdu/

sblurs oits í sn kbspisbtbic$ onbs bd c(n tiugiurs qu(ucl bkâl#

‛ Kncs dl slaick dbvrl$ dirsqu(bd ajlrajl quld lst dl olbddlur

oiylc kl sl `nbrl nbolr$ bd triuvl qul a(lst d(lxlrabal kl dn

ajnrbtâ# ‛ Kncs dl tribsbêol dbvrl lc`bc bd oictrl qul$ piur

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ Bd$ 58#

*5" O#$ Bd$ 8=#

*1" X#$ >$ 5ii#

*;" Pibr citrl ajnp# BBB$ p# >=8#

*<" Nbxnti[GP["$ kncs dl Qlroic sur dn bcictnS(bbl$ n dl slcs k(nuoûcl#




ucl íol vrnbolct ajnrbtnedl$ dls aic`dbts kl d(jiccçtl lt kl

[udbdl$ qub loenrrnssnblct Abaâric$ c(lxbstlct oûol pns# Anr

al sict cis bctârçts$ onbs cic dls bctârçts k(nutrub$ qub sict dl

pdus siuvlct aictrnbrls í cis klvibrs#

Dn ajnrbtâ lst kica dn vlrtu kiobcnctl kl al dbvrl kl oirndl$

aiool lddl lst dn onrqul priprl ku ajrâtblc# D(nctbqubtâ$ pnr

uc prihrês cnturld$ nvnbt `nbt tioelr ucl í ucl dls enrrbêrls

nu kldí klsqulddls uc plupdl rlprâslctnbt piur uc nutrl plupdl

dn enrenrbl# ]ubs dl stiéabsol âtnbt vlcu qub nvnbt kiccâ í d(bkâl

k(ucl cnturl aiooucl í tiut jiool$ lt k(ucl siabâtâ nussb vnstl

qul d(juoncbtâ lddl/oçol$ d(nppub kl sn kiatrbcl lt kl sic lcslb/

hclolct# Onbs dl ajrbstbncbsol `nbt kl alttl siabâtâ ucl `nobddl$

ltrâpnck dl slctbolct kl d(ucbvlrslddl `rntlrcbtâ# Lst/bd elsibc kl

`nbrl rlonrqulr al qu(y ngiutl kl prâabsbic dn tjâirbl kl dn

sidbknrbtâ kncs dn ajutl lt kncs dn râkloptbic# Dls jiools

lc`bc ict lc Kblu uc pêrl aioouc qub klonckl í sls lc`ncts$aiool tâoibhcnhl kl dlur pbâtâ lcvlrs dub$ kl s(nbolr dls ucs

dls nutrls 6 kl sirtl qu(lc dn ajnrbtâ sl râsuolct d(noiur qul

cius pirtics nux jiools lt aldub qul cius pirtics í Kblu#

Nbcsb kncs ucl `nobddl ucbl tius dls slctbolcts qub vict kl

d(uc í d(nutrl kl sls oloerls sl suppislct$ sl aiopdêtlct lt sl

`irtb`blct# Dn hrnckl `nobddl juonbcl c(lst kica pdus ucl `batbic

hâcârlusl$ onbs ucl rândbtâ# ]nr al prbcabpl sur dlquld lddl sl

`ickl$ dn ajnrbtâ kls kbsabpdls ku Ajrbst kb``êrl cic sludlolct

kl dn eblc`nbsncal nctbqul$ onbs kl d(boolcsl pbtbâ kl Eiukkjn

qub s(âtlck$ nu kldí kl d(juoncbtâ$ ntiut al qub vbt# Qlctbolct

sncs ieglt kâ`bcb$ pnrtnct sncs l``banabtâ#

Dl anrnatêrl lsslctbld kl dn ajnrbtâ ajrâtblccl lst nu aic/

trnbrl k(çtrl prntbqul# D(Lhdbsl iò tiut lst obs lc aioouc$ al

qub slrt í dn vbl kl d(åol aiool al qub slrt í dn vbl ku airps$

lst ucl âaidl kl aictbculddl sidbknrbtâ *>"# Onbs lddl lst lc iutrl

*>" Qnbo Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ >$ b;5#



PLU[\Q CI\PLDDLQ# 50<

ucl nssiabndbic adbnrbtnedl nu slcs strbat ku oit$ lt cius nvicskâgí kbt qul d(irhncbsntbic kl dn eblc`nbsncal ùt ucl kl als

`âaickls ciuvlnutâs qul dl pnhncbsol oiurnct lssnyn kl s(nssb/

obdlr$ lspârnct lc rltbrlr piur dub quldqul vbl# Al ùt oûol$ í

dn dlttrl$ ucl siabâtâ kl slaiurs outulds qul d(Lhdbsl# Qnbct

Noeribsl kbrbhl dls dbeârndbtâs kls ajrâtblcs kl prâ`ârlcal vlrs

kls ajrâtblcs *>"# Ublc kl pdus dâhbtbol í ucl âpiqul iò dls

ajrâtblcs ìrolct lcairl ucl siabâtâ kncs dn siabâtâ lt ict í sl

slrrlr dls ucs aictrl dls nutrls# Onbs$ ondhrâ cius$ cius plcsics

qul kl dí piurrict sirtbr kls rlstrbatbics í d(lsprbt kl ajnrbtâ lt

qul d(lsprbt tiut aictrnbrl$ d(lsprbt k(bctidârncal piurrn aicadurl

nvla dub kl oicstrulusls nddbncals# Qnbct Noeribsl ngiutl

k(nbddlurs qul cius cius klvics í tius$ sb cius cius klvics nu

gustl pdus qu(í tiut nutrl# Lt ondjlur í cius sb cius dnbssics uc

`rêrl kncs dl elsibc$ sb cius dl dnbssics sius dl aiup k(uc priaês$vbatbol kl quldquls obsârnedls klttls$ lc prbsic plut/çtrl$ sb nu

tlops kl d(n``dbatbic bd c(ietblct rblc kl cius$ lt sb í dn vbl k(uc

jioolcius prâ`ârics citrl nrhlct *5"# Cius nvics kâgí lctlcku

als naalcts kncs dn eiuajl kl Dnatncal# Al sict dls naalcts vrnbs

kl dn ajnrbtâ ajrâtblccl# Ajlz snbct Noeribsl bds sl oçdlct nux

rêhdls abaâricblccls kl dn eblc`nbsncal$ dls bctlrriopnct lt dls

aictrlkbsnct# Onbs cius nvics kâgí sbhcndâ alttl ndtlrcncal pdus`rnppnctl bab qul pnrtiut nbddlurs kls klux bcspbrntbics kl citrl

nutlur# Al qub. cius `nut rlonrqulr$ a(lst$ iutrl dl tic kl als

iegurhntbics$ dlur prâabsbic lt dl kâtnbd kls iedbhntbics qu(lddls

kbatlct# bCius nvics n``nbrl í uc prntbablc kl dn ajnrbtâ#

Bd cl su``bt pns kl kicclr$ bd `nut kicclr nvla tiut sic

aőur# Dí$ dí surtiut d(őuvrl lxtârblurl c(lst rblc sb lddl lst

sludl# Dn ajnrbtâ aioprlck als klux âdâolcts7 dl eblc`nbt

dub/oûol lt d(bctlctbic k(iò bd priaêkl# A(lst nu eblc`nb/

tlur giylux kl sic eblc`nbt qul Kblu râslrvl sn rlaiccnbs/

*Bg Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl i``#$ B$ >;:#

*5")*)#$ B$ >;:/>;2#




snual *>"# D(l`ìrt lt dn onuvnbsl juolur kbobculct nu aictrnbrl

dl prbx ku eblc qul cius `nbsics# Alab$ ic dl vibt$ lst nussb plu

fnctblc qul pissbedl$ onbs tiut al qub lst f nctblc c(lst pns ajrâtblc#

Dl ajrbstbncbsol lxndtl dl slctbolct$ eblc dibc kl dl enccbr# Bd `nut

nbolr# Cl kbtls pns qu(ic cl aioonckl pns í d(noiur$ iu qul dl

klvibr c(n rblc kl aioouc nvla dls oiuvlolcts ku aőur# Al sict

dí suetbdbtâs oiklrcls# >> y n piur dl ajrâtblc kls klvibrs kl slc/

tbolct# Bd `nut nbolr lt a(lst dl klhrâ kl citrl n``latbic qub

`nbt dn vndlur kl citrl eblc`nbt *5"$ Pibdí aioolct d(ieidl kldí

vluvl plut d(lopirtlr sur dls prâslcts ku rbajl *1"# ûibqul dl

ajrâtblc piursubvl sn priprl plr`latbic pnr dn prntbqul kl dn

ajnrbtâ$ sic eut lst vrnbolct lc kljirs kl dub$ kncs dl siudnhl/

olct kl alux qub siu``rlct# Nu aictrnbrl$ dn ajnrbtâ pnélccl lst

piur dl snhl ucl sirtl k(lxlrabal spbrbtuld$ ucl rêhdl nsaâtbqul#

Oçol dirsqul Qâcêqul rlaioonckl dn ajnrbtâ ku aőur$ a(lst

piur pnr`nbrl pnr alttl suprçol âdâhncal d(bkând juonbc qu(bd naicèu *;"# Bd cl vn pns gusqu(í al pnrtnhl kl dn siu``rncal$ dn pbtbâ$

qub rbsqulrnbt kl dl kâìrolr# « G(nb `nbt quldqul ajisl k(utbdl

í dn siabâtâ$ g(nb kica `nbt al qub o(lst utbdl$ ¶ âarbt kl oçolOnra/Nurêdl *<"# Al c(lst pns dí d(noiur# Als snhls nctbquls cl

sl sict pns âdlvâs nu/klssus ku siuab kl dlur priprl oirndbtâ#

Bds c(ict pns su s(iuedblr# Bds sict ajnrbtnedls pnr âhiésol *0"#

Bd dlur n oncquâ lc pnrtbaudblr dl rlsplat lt dl audtl kls

pnuvrls$ qub lst uc kls trnbts kbstbcatb`s kls åols ajrâtblccls# Bd

`nut rnppldlr bab quldquls anrnatêrls kl dn eblc`nbsncal abaâ/

ricblccl# Cius nvics abtâ$ í d(jicclur kl Abaâric$ uc pnssnhl

iò bd rlaioonckl kl kicclr nux pnuvrls kl prâ`ârlcal *8"#

*>" Qnbct Nouribsb7$ Kl i``#$ B$ >;1 6 A`# Kl ]őcbtactbn$ BB$ 2#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ >$ >;2#

*1" Bk#

*;" Pibr Qâcêqul$ Kl adlo#$ BB$ 05#

*<" Onfa/Nurâdl$ ZB$ ;#

*0" PibrEibssbLU$ Dn rldbhbic Uionbcl$ t# BB$ p# 81#

*8" Abaâric$ Kl i``#$ Bd$ 5=#




Onbs a(lst pnral qu(bd sl oâ`bl kl dn rlaiccnbssncal kls rbajls í

dnqulddl kibt cubrl dlur gndiusbl# Nutrlolct sls eblc`nbts vict í

qub plut dls oblux pnylr# Bd ajlrajl kl tiutls `nèics í dls rlckrl

dl pdus prikuatb`s pissbedl piur dub# ]ubs sn gustbal n kls saru/

pudls `ârials# Bd n plur kl siudnhlr ucl bcìrtucl oârbtâl *>" 6

nu oiolct oçol iò bd kiccl$ ic slct plralr sic oâprbs piur

aldub qub rlèibt *5"# Lt Abaâric lst$ kl tius dls pjbdisipjls

nctârblurs nu ajrbstbncbsol$ aldub qub s(lst dl pdus âtlcku sur

dn eblc`nbsncal# D(nctbqubtâ pnélccl aicsbkêrl dn pnuvrltâ

aiool ucl `nutl$ prlsqul aiool uc kâdbt *1"# C(nvibr pibct

kl kiobabdl lc lst eblc uc kl cis giurs# Lctrl pnuvrls$ lctrl

hlcs sncs kit$ bd c(lst pns kl onrbnhl dâhbtbol$ lt dlurs `bds

slrict kls eåtnrks *;"# [ld nrhuolct kl Qplcalr aictrl dn ìdbl

kl dn ajnrbtâ$ qub pridichl bcutbdlolct dls obsêrls kl alux qu(lddl

slaiurt$ n âtâ lctrlvu pnr ]dntic *<"$ kncs uc tlops iò dn ajnrbtâ

cl aioolttnbt huêrl kl ìdbl# Onbs cic sludlolct ic nenckiccl

dls pnuvrls$ ic dls oâprbsl *0"$ slctbolct qub cl sl aioprlck

qul kncs ucl abvbdbsntbic iò dl eicjlur lt dl suaaês pnssnblct

piur kls sbhcls k(âdlatbic# ]nrtnct$ ic cl plut aribrl í dn sbcaâ/

rbtâ$ í d(jiccçtltâ kls pnuvrls *8"# Dls âdihls kl dn pnuvrltâ

qul ìct kl tlops lc tlops dls pjbdisipjls sict kls kbsslr/

tntbics k(âaidl$ prlsqul kls pnrnkixls# Iu al cl sict qul dls

âdihls k(ucl oâkbiarbtâ pdus iu oibcs kirâl# J y n kica uc

neãol lctrl dn ajnrbtâ ajrâtblccl lt dn eblc`nbsncal pnélccl$

oçol dirsqu(lddls naaiopdbsslct dls oçols natls lt pricicalct

dls oçols pnridls# D(nuoûcl pnélccl lst vbabâl pnr dl kâknbc$

qunck lddl cl d(lst pns pnr dl andaud#

*>" Abaâric$ Kl i)`#$ BB$ >:#

*5")*b$ B$ b6b#

*1" Abaâric$ [usa$ P$ >=#

*;" Pibr QaJObK[$ dn Qiabâtâ abvbdl kncs dl oickl rionbc$ p# 85#

*<" ]dntic$ Ulp#$ BBB#

*0" (N(#[)pûv •{v)b/ySbbr#/(by)w# Olcnckb(d `rnho#$ p# >;;#

*8" GtvÂ#CND$ Qut#$ o$ 18#




onbs sur sic noiur/priprl lt sur sn kbhcbtâ# Dl pnrkic c(lc

lst pns oibcs kncs d(lsslcal ku ajrbstbncbsol# Lt tiut k(neirk

dl ajrbstbncbsol lst pbtiynedl í cis `nutls aiool í tiutls

dls obsêrls juonbcls# ]iur dl stiéabsol$ tiut pâajâ lst

brrâobssbedl# Ulolttrl dls pâajâs lst nu aictrnbrl ucl kls

ìcatbics ku ajrbstbncbsol# Al ùt oçol alddl qub nttbrn í

dub dls åols *lt lddls sict tiugiurs cioerlusls" nynct

elsibc k(uc pnrkic# ]ubs bd y n kl eics pâajlurs# Abaâric

râslrvl sls nvncals piur dls hlcs kl aickubtl brrâpriajnedl *>"#

Gâsus n ucl tlckrlssl spâabndl piur dls lc`ncts prikbhuls$ dls

aiurtbsncls$ lt bd olt nu prloblr rnch dls klrcblrs nrrbvâs$

aiool s(bd dub sloednbt qu(nvibr pâajâ `öt ucl lxalddlctl aic/

kbtbic piur çtrl pdus juoedl kl aőur$ pdus vrnbolct ajrâtblc#

Qb Kblu pnrkiccl$ cius klvics cius nussb pnrkicclr$ onbs bd

y n eblc kls `nèics kl dl `nbrl# Abaâric klonckl dl pnrkic í

citrl onhcncbobtâ *5"$ lt aldn aicstbtul kâgí uc prihrês citnedlsur dn oirndl nctârblurl lt sur dls oőurs# >> `nut sl kbrl qul dn

vlchlncal n âtâ aicsbkârâl aiool uc klvibr$ qu(lddl d(lst lcairl

lc pdus k(uc lckribt kl dn tlrrl# Bd âtnbt kica câalssnbrl qul d(ic

aioolcèåt pnr priuvlr í alux qub vludlct `nbrl oictrl kl dlur

ìral qul dl pnrkic lc lst ucl oncb`lstntbic supârblurl# « Dn

adâolcal$ kbrn lc al slcs Qjnflsplnrl$ lst al qu(bd y n kl pdus

pubssnct kncs dn tiutl/pubssncal *1" ¶# Dls klrcblrs stiéablcs

olttlct oibcs k(irhulbd lt pdus kl pbtbâ kncs dlur pnrkic$ onbs

a(lst ucl pbtbâ câl kl d(bctlddbhlcal$ kl dn ariyncal í k(bcâdua/

tnedls câalssbtâs lt í d(brrlspicsnebdbtâ kls jiools*;"9 Qluds dls

ajrâtblcs nbolct alux qub dlur ict `nbt ku ond$ ku oibcs

jnusslct dlur klvibr gusqu(í dls nbolr# « Qb vius nbolz alux

qub vius nbolct$ qul `nbtls/vius kl ciuvlnu 9 dls hlcs kl

*>" Abaâric$ Kl i``#$ >$ b6g#

*5"Gk#$d$ 51#

*1" Dl onrajnck kl Plcbsl$ natl BP$ sl# r#

*;" Pibr citrl ajnp# BBB$ p# >=0#



PLU[\Q CI\PLDDLQ# 58>

onuvnbsl vbl dl `ict nussb6

onbs g l vius kbs7

]rblz piur vislcclobs$ nbolz alux qub vius jnésslct$ eâcbsslz alux qub vius

onukbsslct lt prblz piur alux qub vius plrsâautlct *>"# ¶ Qnbct

]nud$ cius rnppirtl snbct Noeribsl$ kiccn alt lxlopdl$ suebs/

snct pntbloolct tius dls iutrnhls lt dlur râpicknct pnr kls

eâcâkbatbics *5" 7 ondlkbabour lt elclkbabous *1"# Ulonrquics

qu(bd y n dí quldqul ajisl kl supârblur oçol nu pnrkic# >>

s(nhbt cic sludlolct kl cl pns rlckrl dl ond$ onbs kl rlckrldl eblc piur dl ond# ]iur alttl vlrtu$ dn pdus jnutl qul d(jiool

pubssl aicalvibr$ dls dnchuls juonbcls c(ict pibct kl cio# Al

qub dn rlck pissbedl$ a(lst dl rlcicalolct prândnedl$ d(nesidu

kâtnajlolct kl sib# Nbcsb k(ucl vlrtu ucl nutrl sl kâkubt# Qb

cius cl vlchlics cb citrl jicclur cb cis bctârçts$ a(lst qul

cius lc nvics aicsiooâ k(neirk dl snarb`bal# Citrl juobdbtâ

s(lst `nbtl dn aiopdbal kl citrl ajnrbtâ#]iur dn oçol rnbsic qu(iutrnhâs cius cl cius vlchlics pns$

nttnquâs cius cl cius kâ`lckics pns# Abaâric aicèibt dn vbl

aiool ucl aiursl$ ‛ klpubs Knrwbc cius kbsics aiool ucl

duttl$ ‛ ib.b dl kribt kl ajnauc$ sic klvibr oçol lst kl `nbrl kl

sic oblux piur d(lopirtlr *;"# Bd lst sludlolct bctlrkbt k(lo/

pdiylr kls oiylcs `rnukudlux$ aiool kl kicclr kls arias/lc/

gnoel nu aiurlur qub cius kbsputl dl prbx# Kncs ucl siabâtâ

siuobsl í alttl dib kl dn aicaurrlcal$ dn ajnrbtâ$ sb ajnrbtâ bd y

n$ c(lst qul d(naalssibrl lt dl suplr`du# Kncs dn siabâtâ ajrâtblccl$

nu aictrnbrl$ lddl lst dl câalssnbrl# Ajnauc kibt plcslr í sic

priajnbc pdus qu(í dub lt$ lc ans kl aic`dbt$ booidlr sic bctârçt

í sic kribt# « \c ajrâtblc$ kbt tlxtulddlolct snbct Noeribsl$

*>" Qnbo Dda$ 15 6 Qnbct Onttbb$$ P$ ;;#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kû i))%#$ B$ 55;#

*1" > Air#$ BP$ >5#

*;" Abaâric$ Kl i))%#$ BBB$ >=# Cius nvics oçol vu qul snbct Noeribsl

rlprikubsnbt al pnssnhl kl Abaâric$ sncs râ`dâajbr í tiut al qu(bd aictlcnbt

kl plu ajrâtblc#



585 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ *S KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

kibt prâ`ârlr nutrub í dub/oçol *>"# «Kica pns kl kâ`lcsl qub

sibt dâhbtbol$ anr al slrnbt sl prâ`ârlr qul kl sl kâ`lckrl$ lt

tius dls ]êrls kl dn prbobtbvl jShdbsl sict ucncbols sur al pibct

4Vê kiatrbcl$ qu(ucl tjâidihbl pdus naaiooiknctl klvnbt plu í plu

nenckicclr *5"# [ulr uc jiool lc sl kâ`lcknct lst tiugiurs

uc olurtrl *1"$ lt aldub nuquld pnrlbd ondjlur nrrbvl âtnbt lxadu

plcknct slpt ncs kl dn aiooucnutâ kl d(Âhdbsl *;"# D(jiccçtl

jiool kl Abaâric cl `nbt kl ond í plrsiccl í oibcs qu(ic cl

d(nttnqul *<" 6 snbct Noeribsl âarbt tiut sbopdlolct7 « Dl

ajrâtblc cl `nbt kl ond í plrsiccl$ ¶lt c(ngiutl rblc$ c(nkolttnct

cb lxalptbic cb lxausl *0" Alttl vnrbnctl nppirtâl nu tlxtl kl

Abaâric âtnbt ucl `nèic snbsbssnctl lt kâgí adnssbqul k(lxprbolr

dn kb``ârlcal kls klux oirndls# Nvnct snbct Noeribsl$ Dnatncal$

cius d(nvics aicstntâ$ lc n `nbt usnhl# Bd cl plut lc l``lt ynvibr kl eiccls rnbsics piur `nbrl ku ond í d(uc kl als ãcçols

jiools nu eicjlur klsqulds cius siools tiut prçts í kicclr

citrl vbl lctbêrl *8"$ Al slrnbt kâolctbr tiutl citrl aickubtl#

Alttl rlonrqul kl snbct Noeribsl c(lst pns kâabsbvl$ anr al qul

cius viudics eblc kicclr$ cius cl viudics pns dl dnbsslr

prlckrl$ lt dls oiuvlololcts kl citrl aőur c(ict rblc í vibr

nvla dn dihbqul# Bd c(y n pibct k(nbddlurs kl dihbqul juonbcl

piur lxpdbqulr alttl i``rnckl kl tiut citrl çtrl qul snbct

Noeribsl nttlck kl cius# Knvbk dub/oçol$ aiool uc jioolqu(bd âtnbt$ cl put pns cl pns sl anerlr sius d(iutrnhl$ onbs bd

râkubsbt dn cnturl qub sl siudlvnbt lc dub$ lt d(nolcn í triuvlr

*>" Qnbct Nouribsl$ Kl i``#$ 5:#

*5" Aldn kês snbct Nuhustbc$ Lp# ADBBB$ § 8# Kâgí snbct Noeribsl dub/

oçol$ Kl iS#$BdB$ <2$ sloedl kbrl qul dn rêhdl qu(bd kiccl cl s(nppdbqul

strbatlolct qu(nux prçtrls#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ JB$ >8#

*;" Aica# k(Ncayra$ 1><$ anc# 55$ 51#

*<" Abaâric$ Kl i``#$ BBB$ >2#

*0" Qnbct Noeribsl$ d$ >1> 6 BBB$ <2#

*8"5k#$ o$ 51#




kncs alt iutrnhl oircl ucl kbvbcl giubssncal *>"# Bd lc vbct í

dl kâsbrlr$ í dl rlajlrajlr aiool ucl olurtrbssurl sndutnbrl$

aiool d(âprluvl iò sl ìcknbt al qub rlstnbt lc dub k(irhulbd lt

k(âhiésol#‛ Cius nvics nttlbct dl pdus jnut klhrâ kl dn ajnrbtâ 7

bd cl s(nhbt pdus kl kicclr$ onbs kl sl kicclr6 lt$ aiool cius

kbsbics pdus jnut *Vu%bd `nut kicclr nvla gibl$ a(lst nvla gibl

nussb qu(bd `nutsl kicclr$ nvla ucl gibl qub sibt sur citrl snarb/

`bal dl rnyicclolct kl d(noiur lt kl d(lspârncal#

Al qub prçtl í ucl oirndl ucl pjysbiciobl priprl$ al c(lst

pns sludlolct dn ciuvlnutâ kl quldquls ucs kl sls prâalptls$

onbs a(lst lcairl dn jbârnrajbl kls vlrtus lctrl lddls$ lt aiool

dlur irkrl kl prâsâncal# Bd sl piurrnbt qul klux oirndls rlaio/

oncklct dls oçols ajisls$ onbs cic kncs dl oçol irkrl lt

nvla dn oçol prâkbdlatbic$ qub slrnblct pnr aldn oçol três

kb``ârlctls d(ucl kl d(nutrl# Nbcsb klux airps pluvlct kbt[ârlr

cic pnr dn cnturl kl dlurs âdâolcts$ onbs pnr dls pripirtbics

kncs dlsqulddls bds sict aioebcâs# Ir cic sludlolct dl ajrbs/

tbncbsol dbt kl dn ajnrbtâ quldqul ajisl k(bcaiccu nvnct dub$

onbs bd âdlvn alttl vlrtu ciuvlddl nu rnch kl vlrtu siuvlrnbcl#

[iutls dls nutrls s(l`[nalct klvnct lddl iu sl oikb`blct í sic

aictnat# D(npûtrl dn kbt lxprlssâolct 7 « ûnck g(nurnbs dl kic

kl pripjâtbl$ qunck gl pâcâtrlrnbs tius dls oystêrls$ qunck

gl pissâklrnbs tiutls dls sablcals$ lt qunck g(nurnbs tiutl dn

dib pissbedl$ gusqu(í trncspirtlr dls oictnhcls$ sb gl c(nb dn

ajnrbtâ gl cl subs rblc### Bd y n tribs vlrtus$ dn ìb$ d(lspârncal

lt dn ajnrbtâ$ onbs dn ajnrbtâ lst dn pdus lxalddlctl kls

tribs *5"# ¶ Ngiutics qul dn ajnrbtâ kiccl í dn ìb pdus k(nrklur

lt pdus kl tlckrlssl$ í d(lspârncal pdus kl kâsbctârlsslolct

lt kl sârâcbtâ# Lt kl oçol piur tiutls dls vlrtus# Lddl dls

boprêhcl kl sn cnturl priprl# Lddl trncsìrol pnr sn kiual

bc`dulcal cis rnppirts nvla cis sloednedls lt cis rnppirts nvla

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ 510/57}8#

*5" B Air#$ ZBBB#

Dcbvljsbt77 b3l Dyic# ‛ PB BB# N# >:




Kblu# Lddl pâcêtrl lc`bc gusqul kncs dn oirndl plrsicclddl$

qub sloednbt klvibr âajnpplr í sic lopbrl$ piur lc l``nalr

als trnals k(âhiésol qu(y lctrltlcnblct$ ajlz dls stiéablcs dl

sibc trip lxadusb` kl dlur priprl plr`latbic$ lt ajlz quldquls

ajrâtblcs oçol dn plcsâl iesâknctl ku sndut# Nussb lst/al dn

ajnrbtâ qub cius `nbt oictlr dl pdus jnut kncs dn vlrtu lt cius

rlck dl pdus sloednedls í Kblu# ûnck cius nboics cis lccl/

clobs lt qunck cius prbics piur lux$ cius bobtics dn obsârb/

airkl kl aldub qub `nbt erbddlr sur dls eics aiool sur dls

oâajncts dls rnyics kl sic sidlbd# Qur dls nbdls kl dn obsârbairkl

dn cnturl juonbcl s(âdêvl kica lc`bc gusqu(í dn plr`latbic#

Lddl lst al klvibr pnr`nbt kict pnrdnblct dls stiéablcs$ lxlopt kl

tiutl tnrl$ ìcatbic kbvbcl kâpnrtbl nux jiools *>"# A(lst pnr

dn obsârbairkl lc`bc qul cius piuvics cius kâdbvrlr ku ond lt

rnajltlr cis pâajâs *5"#

Bd c(lst pns gusqu(í dn pidbtbqul qul dn ajnrbtâ cl kibvl bcs/

pbrlr# Cius cl pnrdics pns bab kls rnppirts lctrl dls Ltnts# Bd ynvnbt ajlz Hbaâric ucl âenuajl kl oirndl bctlrcntbicndl ìckâl í

dn ìbs sur dn rldbhbic ku slrolct lt sur dn citbic pjbdisipjbqul

ku kribt *1"# Onbs dl ajrbstbncbsol$ cius d(nvics kâgí kbt$ dnbssn

pârbadbtlr dn citbic kl kribt lt tiut al qub lc kâplcknbt# ûnct í

aicknoclr dn hulrrl$ a(âtnbt dí pnrnkixl eic piur uc Irbhêcl *;"

iu piur uc[lrtuddblc *<"# D(bkâl k(ucl `rntlrcbtâ kls cntbics lst

uc kl als `rubts kl d(lsprbt ajrâtblc qub olttrict dl pdus dich/

tlops í hlrolr$ lt kict ic plut sl kloncklr lcairl qulddl

hâcârntbic dls vlrrn oörbr# Dibc kl supprbolr dn hulrrl$ snbct

Noeribsl sloedl viudibr dn sueirkicclr nux bctârçts lt nux

irkrls kl Kblu *0"$ knchlrlusl râobcbsalcal ku guknésol# Bd

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ 18/1:6 A`# 51;#

*5" O#$ é$ 5<=#

*1" Pibr citnoolct BB$ 55#

*;" Irbhbcl$ Aictrn Aldsuo$ P$ 11 6 PBBB$ 81#

*<" [frtuddblc$ Kl Air#$ >5#

*06 Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ >$ >88#



PLU[\Q /CI\PLDDLQ# 5S<

c(lst pns eic kl oçdlr dn rldbhbic nux qulrlddls klsjiools#

Onbs a(lst kncs dn pidbtb*|ul bctârblurl kls Ltnts$ kncs dls rnp/

pirts kls hiuvlrcncts lt kls hiuvlrcâs qu(bd `nbt bctlrvlcbr dn

kiualur lt dn eictâ# Al d(ut dn oâtjikl kl Oiésl lt kl Knvbk# Bd

`nut$ piur s(y aic`irolr$ aioolcalr pnr cl pns tlcbr nu piu/

vibr$ pubs dl prntbqulr$ sb ic lc n dn ajnrhl$ aiool uc snarb`bal

plrpâtuld kl sib/oçol nux nutrls6 pnstlur$ s(i``rbr lc vbatbol

piursls erlebs$ hnrklr kls

oőurssbopdls lt airkbndls$

cl pnsarnbckrl k(nviulr sls `nutls$ cl gnonbs sl vlchlr k(uc iutrnhl$

onbs dí nussb eâcbr sls lcclobs lt prblr piur lux# Qnbct

Noeribsl aribt í dn aictnhbic kl dn eictâ# Hioolct cl pns

nbolr aldub qub nbol9 Nussb dl ajl` k(Âtnt qub nurn rlcicaâ í

hiuvlrclr pnr dn arnbctl hiuvlrclrn/t/bd pnr al aicaiurs kl

eiccls vidictâs qul dn sblccl nurn `nbt cnãtrl *>"# [lddl lst dn

pidbtbqul kl snbct Noeribsl# Âvçqul$ bd âtnbt cnturld qu(bdaicèöt tiut hiuvlrclolct sur dl oikêdl kl aldub kls âvçquls#

N tiutls dls kb``ârlcals qul cius nvics citâls kncs al ajn/

pbtrl lctrl Abaâric lt snbct Noeribsl# lctrl dn oirndl stiéablccl

lt dn oirndl ajrâtblccl$ cius viudics lc ngiutlr qub sl slctlct

pdus `nabdlolct qu(lddls cl s(lxprbolct# Dirsqul lc l``lt kls

aicslbds bklctbquls sict kiccâs kl pnrt lt k(nutrl$ al c(lst pns

lcairl dn oçol ajisl# Lc ajlrajnct eblc$ ic triuvl kncsd(nctbqubtâ pnélccl d(bonhl nu oibcs pnssnhêrl kl tiutls dls

vlrtus ajrâtblccls# Bd c(lst pns gusqu(í alttl `iroudl qul a(lst

lcairl `nbrl dl ond qul kl dl rlckrl$ iò sl râsuol piur

Dnatncal lt snbct Noeribsl uc kls prihrês lsslctblds kl dn oi/

rndl ajrâtblccl$ qu(uc pnélc c(nbt âcicaâl$ lt al pnélc$ al c(lst

cb Onra/Nurêdl$ cb Lpbatêtl$ a(lst Npudâl *5"# Onbs qulddl

aiopnrnbsic âtnedbr lctrl ucl bkâl lxprboâl lc pnssnct lt tiutlucl kiatrbcl qub sl kâvldippl nutiur kl alttl bkâl. A(lst

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ BB$ 1=#

*5" Kl dn kiatrbcl kl ]dntic$ BB# Jucl tndlo cic siducb cic bc`lrrl$ slk cl

rl`lrrl qubklo ipirtlt bcgurbno#




Klsanrtls qub lst d(bcvlctlur ku aihbti$ lrhi suo$ quibqul snbct

Nuhustbc nbt âarbt ucl ìbs 7 « Qb gl ol triopl$ gl subs ¶# A(lst

nu ajrbstbncbsol$ piur dn oûol rnbsic$ qu(nppnrtblct dn tjâirbl

kl dn obsârbairkl# Ic guhl ond kl tiut airps kl kiatrbcl$ onbs

surtiut k(ucl oirndl pnr kls tlxtls kâtnajâs$ oloerls âpnrs

lt sncs vbl# \cl oirndl lst uc tiut vbvnct kict dls kbvlrsls

pnrtbls sict sidbknbrls# Bd `nut dn prlckrl tiut lctbêrl piur dn

guhlr lt piur dn aiopnrlr# Ippisâls nbcsb [ucl lt d(nutrl$ dn

oirndl stiéablccllt dn

oirndl ajrâtblccl nppnrnbsslctpdus

priìckâolct kb``ârlctls$ lt als kb``ârlcals kl ìck sl rlddêtlct$

piurucrlhnrk nttlctb`$ gusqul sur als kâtnbds kict ucl ieslrvn/

tbic suplr`bablddl nvnbt aicstntâ dn sbobdbtukl# Nbcsb dls oçols

pnridls cl sbhcb`blct pdus dls oûols ajisls 7 anr nutiur kl

tiutl rêhdl oirndl bd y n aiool uc `nbsalnu kl pistudnts lt

kl sius/lctlckus$ lt al sict lux qub dub kicclct sn vârbtnedl pir/

tâl# Lc kljirs kl al aictlxtl bkând$ lddl lst kbobcuâl iu `nussâl#

]ubsqul cius nvics aiopnrâ ucl oirndl í uc vbvnct$ bd `nut

kbrl onbctlcnct qul$ aiool tiut al qub vbt$ lddl lst siu/

obsl í dn vblbddlssl# Lt bd lc slrn kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl

aiool kls nutrls$ í oibcs qul$ sius al cio aioouc$ kb``â/

rlctls oirndls cl sl suaaêklct$ kâvldippnct í tiur kl rûdl

quldqu(uc kls prbcabpls aictlcus kncs d(lcslbhclolct ku Ajrbst$

lt dub kiccnct í ajnqul aiup ucl prbsl ciuvlddl sur cis åols#

Lt ajnaucl kl als oirndls `lrn lc rândbtâ dl ajrbstbncbsol

aictlopirnbc k(lddl/oçol$ dub rlcknct dn vbl qu(lddl n rlèul

kl dub# Dn plcsâl oiklrcl$ qub sl rlùsl í aicalvibr bab/ens

quldqul ajisl k(boounedl$ c(n k(nutrl `nèic kl s(lxpdbqulr

ucl bc`dulcal qul pdus kl qubczl sbêadls c(ict pns âpubsâl#

Onbs$ í d(âpiqul ibb cius siools$ a(lst dl ajrbstbncbsol qub lst

glucl lt a(lst dl stiéabsol qub lst vblux# Kncs dn eiuajl kl

aldub/abdls prâalptls ìct d(l``lt kl rlkbtls lt kl dlèics npprbsls#

Gusqul kncs d(nkobrnedl dbvrl kl Abaâric bd y n quldqul dnssb/

tukl lt quldqul cicajndncal# Dl ajrbstbncbsol$ nu aictrnbrl$




nppirtl í dn vlrtu alttl nrklur tiutl `rnãajl qub lst d(nttrbeut

bcbobtnedl kl dn gluclssl# Dí iò dls onxbols c(ict pns ajnchâ$

a(lst kncs sn `lrvlur lt sic lctrnbc í dls prntbqulr qu(bd `nut

ajlrajlr sic irbhbcndbtâ# >> y nurnbt ucl `nèic k(lctlckrl d(jbs/

tibrl kl dn oirndl qub lc `lrnbt pdutût d(jbstibrl kl dn oirn/

dbtâ juonbcl# ûnck eblc oçol$ lc l``lt$ d(bkând pripisâ í

citrl aickubtl slrnbt tiugiurs í plu prês dl oçol$ bd y nurnbt

kncs dn subtl kls sbêadls aiool kls piussâls pdus âclrhbquls

vlrs dl eblc$ lt dl ajrbstbncbsol airrlspickrnbt í dn pdus bctlcsl

kl als âpbkâobls kl purltâ lt kl eictâ# >> nurnbt âtâ dl pdus

rltlctbssnct kls sbbrsbn"b airkn nuxqulds d(juoncbtâ nbt râpicku#

A(lst pnr d(naalct$ pnr dl siubddl qul dl dbvrl kl snbct Noeribsl

kb``êrl kl aldub kl Abaâric$ qunck bd c(lc kb``êrl pns nutrlolct#

Als brrâhudnrbtâs oçol kl aiopisbtbic$ als bctlopârncals$

als râpâtbtbics$ kâ`nuts dbttârnbrls qul cius nvics sbhcndâs

nbddlurs$ cius nppnrnbsslct onbctlcnct aiool dn onrqul k(ucl

sêvl qub kâeirkl$ kl sirtl qul als boplr`latbics ku dbvrl piur/

rnblct çtrl bctlrprâtâls í d(nvnctnhl kl dn oirndl qu(bd lxpisl#

Alttl oirndl ajrâtblccl cl aiccnãt cb dls ankrls trip pnr`nbts$

cb dls ìroudls usâls í ìral k(nvibr slrvb$ cb alttl kbobcutbic

k(âadnt lt k(nttrnbt qul suebt uc bkând trip dichtlops aictlopdâ#

Dl tlops lt dl ìrondbsol cl d(ict pns lcairl nttlbctl# Lddl lst

tiut åol lcairl$ lt a(lst piurquib lddl nhbt pdus ìrtlolct sur

dls åols#

Bd cius rlstl ucl klrcbêrl rlonrqul í `nbrl# Cius nvics pnrdâ

gusqu(bab kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl aiool sb dl Ajrbst c(nvnbt

pns lxbstâ# Ir dl siuvlcbr tiugiurs prâslct kl sn vbl lt kl sn

oirt lst al qub kiccl í alttl oirndl uc anrnatêrl lt ucl nuti/

rbtâ bcaiopnrnedls# Lddl c(lcslbhcl rblc qub c(nbt âtâ prn/

tbquâ# Aldub qub lst dl dâhbsdntlur kl tiutl vlrtu lc lst lc

oçol tlops dl oikêdl# Bd lst vlcu kicclr d(lxlopdl nux

jiools$ lt$ ku oûol aiup$ rljnusslr pnr sn kbvbcbtâ dl prbx

kls vlrtus juonbcls# A(lst surtiut qunck ic ajlrajl í dn



58: DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

ajnrbtâ lt í dn obsârbairkl ajrâtblccls kls ncndihbls kncs dls pjb/

disipjbls nctbquls qu(bd `nut cl pns iuedblr dn sbhcb`bantbic

ciuvlddl qul d(jbstibrl ku Ajrbst dlur n kiccâl# Kblu dls n

ajibsbls piur sl oictrlr nu oickl sius dlurs lspêals# Bd dls

n `nbtls kbvbcls lc sl `nbsnct dbiool# Al cl sict pdus$ aiool

kncs dls dbvrls kls pnélcs$ dls `dlurs lxqubsls k(ucl oirndbtâ

rn``bcâl# Lddls klvblcclct d(lxpdbantbic kl tius dls oystêrls lt

dnrnbsic k(çtrl kl tiutls ajisls# ]nr lddls$ í dn dlttrl$ cius cius`nbsics sloednedls í Kblu$ lt aicìroics citrl vbl nux `bcs

ucbvlrslddls# Bd lst k(nutrls vlrtus ajrâtblccls kict cius rltriu/

vlrbics d(bonhl kncs dn vbl juonbcl ku Ajrbst# Bd s(lst `nbt

juoedl$ bd s(lst `nbt pnuvrl$ ieâbssnct# ûlddl prâabsbic lt

qulddl ìral kiccâls pnr als kbvbcs lxlopdls nux klvibrs qub

lc kâaiudlct . Lc`bc al c(lst pns sludlolct tlddl iu tlddl vlrtu$

a(lst dn vlrtu tiut lctbêrl qul dl Ajrbst lst vlcu jicirlr lt

kbvbcbslr# Qb d(nctbqubtâ pnélccl nvnbt lu d(bkâl kl d(Bcanrcntbic$

lddl löt `nbt kl sic Kblu quldqul çtrl rnyiccnct kl ìral lt

kl elnutâ# Bd löt rlopirtâ dls aiuriccls kl tius dls glux#

Npiddic löt âtâ sic cio# Dl Kblu kls ajrâtblcs c(n rblc viudu

piur dub kl tiut al qub lcirhulbddbt dls jiools# Onbs$ lxadunct

ntiut gnonbs kl dn kâ`bcbtbic ku kbvbc dls qundbtâs qu(bd c(n pns

knbhcâ rlvçtbr$ bd n lxndtâ$ lc s(bcanrcnct lc lddls$ als qundbtâs

ku aőur qub sict í dn pirtâl kl tius 6 lt alttl suprâontbl kl dn

oirndbtâ lst klolurâl uc kls pibcts `bxls kl dn plcsâl oiklrcl$

vlstbhl kl ajrbstbncbsol ajlz dls åols qub s(lc ariblct dl pdus

n``rncajbls#

cb

Âaiciobl pidbtbqul kl snbct Noeribsl#

Cius nvics pnrdâ k(ucl vlrtu qub slrnbt dn pnuvrltâ# Aldn

suppisl qul dl aictrnbrl kl dn pnuvrltâ$ dn rbajlssl$ n lc lddl/



ÂAICIOBL ]IDB[B^\L KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 582

oçol quldqul ajisl k(booirnd# Lt tlddl lst eblc dn kiatrbcl

kl snbct Noeribsl# Nppldlr alttl kiatrbcl ucl âaiciobl pidb/

tbqul$ a(lst dâhêrlolct tiralr dl slcs kls oits$ pubsqu(lddl

aicsbstl í gltlr d(ncntjêol sur al qub `nbt d(ieglt kl dn sablcal

âaiciobqul# Al c(lc lst pns oibcs dn `nèic dn pdus aiooikl

kl dn kâsbhclr$ nbcsb qul tiutls dls bkâls qub ìct airps nvla

lddl# Lt alttl âaiciobl pidbtbqul tblct ucl tlddl pdnal kncs dl

trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs qul cius dub lc nvics `nbt ucl spâabndl kncs

alttl âtukl#

]iur lc olsurlr nvla lxnatbtukl d(nustârbtâ$ bd `nut dn aio/

pnrlr cic í cis oőurs cb oçol í cis bkâls$ onbs$ aiool citrl

suglt cius y bcvbtl$ nux bkâls oçols kl Abaâric sur dls oçols

qulstbics# Cius vlrrics qul$ três âdibhcâs sur quldquls pibcts$

cis klux nutlurs sl rnppriajlct sur k(nutrls$ lt qu(lc kâ`bcb/

tbvl bds sict siuvlct pdus prês d(uc kl d(nutrl qul cius cl

siools k(lux# Abaâric n dl rlsplat kl dn priprbâtâ bckbvbkulddl#

Bdaioolcal pnr kbrl tiutlìbs qu(í d(irbhbcl tius dls eblcs âtnblct

aiooucs6 pubs$ sncs bcsbstlr sur dl priedêol kdbbstibrl lt kl

kribt qu(bd siudêvl$ bd pnssl nux oikls k(naqubsbtbic kl dn pri/

prbâtâ# Qu``bslct/bds í lc nssurlr dn dâhbtbobtâ$ iu rlprâslctlct/

bds sludlolct ucl irbhbcl kl `nbt$ a(lst dí ucl kb``baudtâ kict

Abaâric c(n oçol pns lu aicsablcal# ]iur uc Uionbc$ dâhn/

dbtâ lt dâhbtbobtâ sl aicìcklct# ûib qu(bd lc sibt$ als oikls

sict nu cioerl kl sbx 7 dl kribt ku prloblr iaaupnct$ dn hulrrl$

dn dib$ ucl trncsnatbic$ ucl aicvlctbic$ uc pnrtnhl *>"# Alttl

Scuoârntbic kb``êrl kl alddl qul kicclct dls gurbsaicsudtls6

₤t s(bd `nddnbt y vibr ucl tjâirbl vârbtnedl ku kribt kl pri/

prbâtâ$ cius nurbics pdus kucl râslrvl í `nbrl$ cl slrnbt/al

qul sur alttl nesidutbic kiccâl nux rnpbcls kict dn hulrrl lst

d(iaansbic# Ondjlurluslolct alttl pjrnsl kl Abaâric slrvbrn

k(nutirbtâ lt k(lxausl nux pbrls kiatrbcls *5"# ûnct í dn

*b" Abaâric$ Kl i``#$ B$ 8#

*5g Pibr Klsgnrkbcs$ dls Klvibrs$ p# 55>#



5:= DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

râpnrtbtbic kl dn rbajlssl qub rksudta kl [uc iu kl d(nutrl kl als

d(nbd dâhnux$ bd `nut d(naalptlr sncs ourourl# Ajnauc kibt çtrl

aictlct kl sic dit$ lt Abaâric n kls pnridls kurls piur dls

hrncks siabndbstls k(ndirs$ dls Hrnaquls *>"# Cic sludlolct

k(nbddlurs bd lst aiupnedl kl aicvibtlr dl eblc k(nutrub$ bd lst

aiupnedl nussb kl hnspbddlr sic pntrboibcl *5"# Abaâric n ucl

oirndl kl priprbâtnbrl# Al qu(bd vlut$ a(lst dl stntu qbbi#

Kl tius dls oiylcs kl hnhclr kl d(nrhlct$ a(lst d(nhrbaudturl

qu(bd triuvl dl pdus jicirnedl# Bd nkolt lcairl dl hrnck aio/olral$ surtiut nprês ìrtucl `nbtl$ lt dirsqu(nynct elnuaiup

cnvbhuâ dl trn`bqunct$ lc`bc lcrbajb$ sl rltbrl kncs sls tlrrls$ lt

klvblct í sic tiur priprbâtnbrl rurnd# Bd aicsbkêrl qu(ndirs bd

oictl lc hrnkl lt `lrol dls ylux sur sic pnssâ# Bd c(n rblc í

kbrl aictrl al qul cius nppldics dls anrrbêrls dbeârndls# Onbs dl

pltbt aioolral$ qub aicsbstl í najltlr piur rlvlckrl uc plu

pdus ajlr$ vbt piur dub kl `rnukl lt kl olcsichl# Bd aicknocl

aiool slrvãtls tius dls oâtblrs onculds$ surtiut alux qub

sict dls piurviylurs kl cis giubssncals# [ius als guhlolcts

sict d(l``lt k(bkâls oirndls kict quldquls/ucls survbvrict#

Onbs bds sict surtiut d(l``lt kls oőurs# Aiool bd y nvnbt ndirs

kls lsadnvls$ bd y nvnbt kls oâtblrs k(lsadnvls$ lt qub âtnblct

nvbdbs pnr dn aickbtbic kl alux qub s(y dbvrnblct# Kl cis giurs

nu aictrnbrl d(âhndbtâ kls jiools n kbobcuâ dn kbstncal qub

sâpnrl dls pri`lssbics$ lt s(bd lc lst qul cius aictbcuics í

oâprbslr$ cis oâprbs sict oblux ìckâs# Alux kl Abaâric

k(nbddlurs nttlbhclct$ pdus lcairl qul dls nrtbsncs$ dls rlalvlurs

kl aictrbeutbics lt dls encqublrs *1"# Bds trnjbsslct nvla ìral uc

âtnt siabnd três kb``êrlct ku cûtrl$ iò dn rbajlssl oiebdbêrl lst

ond vul$ lt ibb ic c(lstbol pns dls hlcs k(nprês al qu(bds hnhclct#

Onbs alttl sbchudbêrl oirndl$ qub aicknocl dls pltbts pri`bts$

{d"AbaÂFIC$ Kli)S#$ td$ 51#

*5"G*b#$ B`$ >2#

*1"Gt«#$B$ ;5#



ÂAICIOBL ]IDB[B^\L KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 5:>

ndl

rlsplatkls hrnckls ìrtucls# Abaaric n piur d(nrhlct

dlsslctbolcts k(uc hrnck slbhclur# Bd lc dnbssl í kls bc`ârblurs dl

oncblolct$ onbs tblct ìrt í tiut al qu(bd priaurl# J y n pdus kl

jnutlur nrbstiarntbqul qul kl râld sarupudl kncs sic kâknbc# Kls

guhlolcts ncndihuls$ ajlz snbct Noeribsl$ nurict kls anusls

tiutls kbbd(ârlctls# Bd c(lc `nddnbt pns oibcs sbhcndlr dls ncndihbls$

lt `nbrl k(nvncal dn pnrt ku tlops lt kls oőurs kncs alrtnbcls

`nèics kl plcslr qub vict cius surprlckrl#Dn pnrt kl snbct Noeribsl lt ku ajrbstbncbsol rlstlrn nsslz

hrnckl$ cius nddics dl vibr$ lt dls âaiciobstls kl d(âaidl irtji/

kixl$ qub sl ariblct kl eics ajrâtblcs$ nurict nsslz kl plbcl í

sl kâoictrlr qul dlurs klux irtjikixbls pluvlct vbvrl lc

pnbx *>"# 9sius snvics qul snbct Noeribsl lst plu siuablux ku

kribt lt kls kribts# ]iur dl kribt kl priprbâtâ$ cic sludlolct bd

cl d(âtnedbt pns$ bd dl cbl# « Dn cnturl n tiut obs lc aioouc###Lddl n arââ dl kribt aiddlatb`$ d(usurpn dbic n arââ dls kribts bckb/

vbkulds *5"# ¶ N al tlxtl$ qub n âtâ siuvlct abtâ$ k(nutrls ìct

airtêhl# ‛ Lt í quib eic al rlcvlrslolct kls dibs cnturlddls9

Qnbct Noeribsl âpriuvl ucl bricbqul pbtbâ piur als ìrtucls

lcvbâls qub sict í dn olrab k(uc jârbtblr prikbhul# ]iur dls

nonsslr piurtnct$ ic n viynhâ cubt lt giur$ ic n pnssâ ucl vbl

bcqubêtl í supputlr kls prbx kl vlctl lt kls prbx kl rlvblct$ í

arnbckrl kls vidlurs iu kls cnu`rnhls *;"# Nbcsb d(nrnbhcâl tbssl

dneirbluslolct ucl tibdl bcutbdl *i"# ‛ Lt al c(lst pns nsslz kl

kbrl qul dls rbajlssls cl slrvlct í rblc# D(nrhlct râpnck nutiur

kl dub aiool ucl aictnhbic ondsnbcl$ lt håtl tius cis slctbolcts$

alux qul cius âpriuvics aiool alux kict cius siools

d(ieglt# Nussb dls rbajls c(ict/bds pns kl vrnbs nobs *0"# D(nrhlct

*>" Pibr GiDv$ dl Qiabndbsol ajrâtblc#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ >15#

*1" Pibr #G#XF[$ Jbstibrl kls bkâls pidbtbquls$ t# b$ p# 1>2#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``# $ B$ 5;5/5;1

*i" )#$)#$ B$ 5;;#

{0" BD$ o$ >1b#



5:5 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

glttl tiugiurs alux qu(bd `nsabcl kncs quldqul ensslssl *>"# Dl

oâprbs kl d(nrhlct lst$ nu aictrnbrl$ ucl `irol lt ucl hnrnctbl kl

dn gustbal *1"# Dls prçtrls$ tiut nu oibcs$ kibvlct nvibr plur kl

dub$ lt c(bctlrvlcbr kncs nuaucl n``nbrl iò d(nrhlct lst oçdâ *5"#

Dl Qlbhclur nvnbt kbt í sls kbsabpdls 7 « Cl pissâklz cb ir$ cb

nrhlct$ cb oiccnbl# ¶ Lt bd `nut nddlr gusqu(í alttl bctlrkbatbic

piur lxtbrplr kl cis aőurs dls rnabcls kl d(nvnrbal *;"# Qb cius

cl dls lxtbrpics pns$ cius `nbsics cis aőurs í d(bonhl ku kâoic$

lt prâpnrics citrl knocntbic *<"# Anr dls sntbs`natbics ietlculs

bab/ens cius slrict aioptâls lc kâkuatbic kl cis oârbtls$ lt

cius c(nurics qul kls klttls lcvlrs Kblu nu rêhdlolct `bcnd#

Aiool nbddlurs cius kbsbics qul d(noiur kls pnuvrls nvnbt

lchlckrâ d(noiur kl dn pnuvrltâ$ dn jnbcl kl dn rbajlssl sl

ajnchl lc jnbcl kls rbajls# K(neirk pnral qul al sict kl

onuvnbs rbajls$ pubs sbopdlolct pnral qu(bds sict rbajls# Bd c(y

n pibct kl pdnal piur lux kncs dl riynuol kls ablux# « Ondjlurí vius qub çtls rbajls$ anr vius c(nvlz pdus rblc í nttlckrl

6

ondjlur nussb í alux qub rblct$ anr bds pdlurlrict *0"# ¶ Onbs a(lst

nbddlurs qul kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs$ kncs uc âarbt sur Cneit)b$

qul dls bcvlatbvls kl snbct Noeribsl sict dl pdus vâjâolctls$

lt rlssloedlct dl pdus í uc prihrnool siabnd# Ic snbt d(jbstibrl

kl al pisslsslur k(ucl pltbtl tlrrl nux kâplcs kuquld N ajnj

viudut nrrickbr siceblc#

Irtiut pnuvrl qu(ic dêsl `nbt rlvbvrl

alttl jbstibrl# Lc dub ÃCneitj lst plrsâautâ kl ciuvlnu$ lt klvnct

alttl rnhl kl pissâklr qub s(lopnrl ku rbajl$ dl pnuvrl c(n pdus

qu(í s(lc nddlr$ lt vibdí aioolct dn tlrrl lst prbvâl kls erns qub

dn audtbvnblct *8"# « rbajlsS gusqu(iò prâtlcklz/vius piusslr

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ BBB$ bb8/i:#

*5"G*)#$ BB$ >11#

*1" Gk#$ o$ \2#

*;" Bk#$ Bd$ >5:#

*<" Bk#$ 5b;6 A`# B$ 5:6 BB$ =0#

*0">8#$ >>$ >0#

*8" Qnbct Nouuibsl$ Kl Cnebbtja$ B$ >#



ÂAICIOBL ]IDB[B^\L KL QNDC[ NOEUIBQL# 5:1

vitrl aupbkbtâ9 Nvlz/vius rçvâ k(çtrl sluds sur dn tlrrl9 Kl

quld kribt lxbdlz/vius ku slbc kl dn cnturl aldub qul dn cnturl n

`nbt vitrl sloednedl9 Dn tlrrl lst dl eblc aioouc kls pnuvrls

lt kls rbajls# A(lst piur tius qu(lddl n âtâ arââl# ]iurquib vius

lc nttrbeulr dn pisslssbic í vius sluds9 Lst/al qul dls nchls

sl sict pnrtnhâ dls lspnals ku abld9 Dls ibslnux pnraiurlct

tiutls dls râhbics kl d(nbr sncs y trnalr kl `rictbêrls# Dls pibs/

sics vbvlct kncs d(lnu aiool kncs uc kionbcl aioouc$ lt dls

triuplnux pnbsslct kncs dls oçols påturnhls# Bd c(y n qul tib$

û jiool$ qub rl`usls tiut pnrtnhl$ lt rlaudls dls dbobtls kl tic

eblc gusqu(í al qul tu c(nbls pdus kl vibsbcs *>"# ¶

\c bkând kiobcl tiutls als kbntrbels aictrl d(nrhlct$ aldub

k(ucl siabâtâ vrnbolct `rntlrclddl ibb bd cl giulrnbt nuauc rûdl$

ibã tiut slrnbt í dn kbspisbtbic kl tius$ iò bd c(y nurnbt pibct kl

pnuvrls$ lt surtiut pibct kl rbajls# Lt alt bkând lst aldub qul

rândbsêrlct dls prlobêrls aiooucnutâs ajrâtblccls$ aldub qul$

kncs uc alradl âtribt$ alttl siabâtâ oikêdl$ d(Lhdbsl$ rândbsl lcairl#

Ic s(nttlck í al qul snbct Noeribsl aicadul lt rnpplddl dls

ajrâtblcs nu kribt cnturld lt í dlurs priprls aioolcalolcts#

Onbs sic siabndbsol s(nrrçtl lc riutl lt aictblct pdus kl rlhrlts

qul kl rlvlckbantbics lt k(lspârncals# Lt bd lc lst nbcsb$ nvla

k(boplralptbedls cuncals$ kl tius dls ]êrls kl d(Âhdbsl# Bd y n

í aldn ucl anusl jbstirbqul kict cius nvics kâgí vu k(nutrls

l``lts# Dl ajrbstbncbsol$ lc klvlcnct dn rldbhbic kl dn ongirbtâ$

sl kâ`bt kl oőurs lt k(lxbhlcals qub cl piuvnblct aicvlcbr qu(í

ucl slatl# Bd naalptn d(âtnt siabnd qub s(i``rnbt í dub$ lt s(l``irèn$

sncs sl `nbrl d(npûtrl k(nuaucl râvidutbic ontârblddl$ kl dl

rlciuvldlr pnr sic lsprbt# ‛ N alttl anusl jbstirbqul k(nutrls

s(ngiutlct$ pdus lsslctblddls nu ajrbstbncbsol# Nu ajrâtblc$ piur

qu(bd rlvlckbqul sn pnrt kl rbajlssls$ bd oncqul k(y tlcbr# Bd c(y

n pns kl siabndbsol sncs uc âdâolct kl aicvibtbsl# \c bkândbstl

*>" Qnbct Nouribsl$ Kl Cnjutjl$ BBB$ >5#



5:; DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

c(lst siabndbstl qul piur dls nutrls6 piur dub bd cl klonckl

rblc 6 lt a(lst uc siabndbsol eblc pdnticbqul qunck dls bctârlssâs

cl kloncklct rblc# Dl ajrbstbncbsol$ lc râpncknct dl rlcical/

olct$ aioenttnbt í d(nvncal dls l``lts knchlrlux piur d(irkrl

âtnedb kl sn prâkbantbic aictrl dls rbajls# Lt bd sl triuvnbt pri/

tâhlr$ kl dn `nèic dn pdus l``banal$ kncs dlurs bctârçts ontârblds$

alux/dí oûol qu(bd trnbtnbt sb ond# @nbsnct nbolr nux pnuvrls

dlur pnuvrltâ$ nux juoedls dlur juobdbtâ$ bd prâpnrnbt piur

alux qub vludlct nvibr dlur rêhcl bab/ens kls suglts kiabdls lt

kls vbatbols vidictnbrls# Dl oçol snbct Noeribsl$ qub aiopn/

rnbt cnhuêrl ajnqul rbajl í uc naanpnrlur$ s(nkrlssl nbcsb nux

pnuvrls 7 « ]iurquib vius dnolctlr9 D(ibslnu kl d(nbr c(lst/bd

pns pdus pnuvrl qul vius$ lt piurtnct bd lst giylux$ bd cl sl

kâslspêrl pns$ bd ajnctl$ anr Kblu n sibc kl dub# Qiylz kica

aiool d(ibslnu$ sncs arnbctl nu suglt kl vitrl lxbstlcal$ lt

rlolttlz/vius/lc í dn eictâ kbvbcl *>"# ¶

Onbs dn pnuvrltâ kl quldquls/ucs lst câalssnbrl nux `bcs kl

Kblu# Bd `nut qu(bd y nbt kl dn pnuvrltâ sur dn tlrrl piur qu(bd y

nbt kl dn râsbhcntbic lt kl dn ajnrbtâ# Dn eictâ kbvbcl siudnhlrn

kica dls pnuvrls$ onbs cl dls `lrn pns sirtbr kl dlur aickbtbic kl

pnuvrls# K(nbddlurs snbct bPoeribsl eâcbt alttl aickbtbic$ cius dl

snvics$ pdus qu(bd cl dn pdnbct# Alttl kb``ârlcal k(npprâabntbic sur

d(ieglt kl d(âtlrcld dbtbhl$ dn rbajlssl$ kbstbchul pri`ickâolct

d(âaiciobl pidbtbqul ajrâtblccl kl tiutl nutrl# Eblc dibc kl

pdnalr d(bkând kncs ucl prihrlssbic bckâ`bcbl kl dn rbajlssl$ dl

ajrbstbncbsol dl pdnalrnbt vidictblrs kncs sic lxtbcatbic# Kncs

dl pnrnkbs kl alrtnbcs hcistbquls$ bd cl kibt pibct y nvibr kl

slxls6 kncs aldub kl snbct Noeribsl bd c(y nurnbt pibct kl

rbajls#

Onbs piurquib y lc n/t/bd onbctlcnct9 arbl citrl gustbal#

]iurquib nux ucs dn râsbhcntbic$ nux nutrls dn ajnrbtâ9 Bd `nut

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Jlxxo#$ P$ >8#



ÂAICIOBL ]IDB[B^\L KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 5:<

dl râpâtlr$ al cl sict pns dí kls priedêols ajrâtblcs# Dl ajrbs/

tbncbsol cl rlaiccnãt pibct kl kribts# Dls rbajls c(lc ict pns

sur dlurs rbajlssls$ al qub piurrnbt cius d(nbrl aribrl qul dls

pnuvrls lc nvnblct# Onbs dls pnuvrls c(lc ict pns knvnctnhl$ lt

kl dn râpnrtbtbic kls eblcs râsudtlct sludlolct piur dls ucs lt

piur dls nutrls kls klvibrs# Alttl prbonutâ kl dn citbic kl

klvibr sur alddl kl kribt lst ucl ciuvlddl kb``ârlcal lctrl [âai/

ciobl pidbtbqul ajrâtblccl lt alddl kls pjbdisipjls rntbicndbstls#

Cius vlcics kl kbrl quld lst dl klvibr kls pnuvrls$ lt cius

prlsslctics eblc quld lst aldub kls rbajls# Onbs bd cl s(nhbt pns$

aiool kncs dn oirndl kl Abaâric$ aiool kncs cis oirndls aic/

tlopirnbcls$ k(uc klvibr dnrhl$ hrntubt$ lt aiool k(uc duxl

ciuvlnu qub slrnbt dn ajnrbtâ# Bd `nut pnrtbr kl alttl bkâl qul dlurs

rbajlssls c(nppnrtblcclct pns nux rbajls$ surtiut piur qu(bds lc

giubsslct$ onbs qu(lddls cl sict lctrl dlurs onbcs qu(ucliaansbic

kl snarb`bal lt uc bcstruolct kl eictâ# Bd slrn kbt nux pubssncts 7

Gl vius nb `nbts tlds piur vlcbr lc nbkl í dn vluvl lt í d(irpjl/

dbc kncs dn kâtrlssl# Ritrl ìral vius n âtâ kiccâl$ cic pio(

ipprbolr$ onbs piur pritâhlr# Bd slrn kl oçol kbt nu rbajl 7

[iut al qul gl t(nb kiccâ$ a(lst piur t(ûtlr tiutl lxausl$ sb tu cl

subs pns ols aiooncklolcts# Onbs quld prbvbdêhl kl dn hråal

kbvbclkl

c(nvibrqu(í iuvrbr sn pirtl ntiut vlcnct$ kl piuvibr

sl `nbrl dl pêrl kl alux qub siu``rlct$ lt kl sl priaurlr nbcsb

kls arâncals sur dl abld lt sur Kblu *5" . Dn rbajlssl nppirtl

kica kls klvibrs suppdâolctnbrls qub sict aiool sn rncèic#

Onbs$ piur aldub qub dls rlopdbt$ lddl lst lddl nussb$ aiool dn

pnuvrltâ$ uc oiylc kl sndut$ dibc k(çtrl sludlolct$ nbcsb

qu(lddl cius nppnrnbssnbt k(neirk$ ucl ajncal kl knocntbic#

Dl tiut lst kl vibr lc lddl cic dls giubssncals$ cic dls kribts$onbs dls klvibrs qub lc râsudtlct# Lddl lst ucl ìcatbic#

ûnct nux oiylcs kl d(naquârbr$ snbct Noeribsl cl cius

*>" Qnbct Nofuibsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ 01#

*5")k#$ B$ 12#



5:0 DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

dnbssl huêrl kl ajibx# A(lst dí k(nbddlurs qul cius nddics vibr

snbct Noeribsl sl rlcaictrlr nvla Abakric# \cl tlrrl pissâkâlkl pêrl lc `bds rlprâslctl í sn `nèic dn aictbcubtâ lt dn trnkbtbic6

surtiut sb lddl lst pltbtl$ lddl sl kâpiubddl kl sn vndlur priprl

piur prlckrl ucl vndlur kl syoeidl# Nux bcstbcats kl priprbâ/

tnbrl$ qu(lddl âvlbddl lc cius$ bd sl gibct quldqul pbâtâ# Lddl cius

pnrdl kls ncaçtrls qub ict oçdâ lc lddl dlur trnvnbd lt dlurs

åols# Lddl `nbt pnrtbl kl dn `nobddl$ cic aiool ucl ajisl$

onbs aiool uc çtrl vbvnct$ aiool uc slrvbtlur bc`ntbhnedl

qub survbt í tiutls dls hâcârntbics kl sls onãtrls# D(âajnchlr$

surtiut d(âajnchlr aictrl kl d(nrhlct$ slrnbt uc snarbdêhl# Dn

rbajlssl oiebdbêrl lst `rnppâl k(bc`ârbirbtâ oirndl# Lddl n

aictrl lddl k(çtrl `nbtl piur dl trn`ba$ k(nvibr quldqul ajisl kl

`uhbtb` lt k(ncicyol$ kl cl pibct kbrl k(iò lddl vblct$ kl cl pibct

pirtlr lc`bc kl trnals vbsbedls kl d(l``irt juonbc$ a(lst/í/kbrl

kl al qu(bd y n kl oirnd kncs dn rbajlssl# Lt als slctbolcts

c(ict pns lcairl kbspnru tiut í `nbt kl cis lsprbts# Kl tlddl

sirtl qul cic sludlolct bd c(lst pns aictrnbrl í dn rldbhbic kl

giubr pnbsbedlolct kl d(jârbtnhl pntlrcld$ onbs aldn cius lst ucl

iedbhntbic `bdbndl# Nu kribt kl priprbâtâ sl suestbtul nbcsb$ kncs

dn plcsâl kl snbct Noeribsl$ uc klvibr lcvlrs dn priprbâtâ$ qub

lst k(lc çtrl uc usu`rubtblr `bkêdl lt rlaiccnbssnct# [lddl lst ku

oibcs dn oirndl qub rlssirt kl d(jbstibrl kl Cneitj *>"#

Aiool dn pisslssbic oçol kl al sid qu(lddl lxpdibtl$ d(nhrb/

audturl lst dâhbtbol lt rlsplatnedl# Cius nvics n``nbrl í ucl

aicalptbic tiutl pntrbnrandl kl dn rbajlssl lt kl dn prikuatbic

kl dn rbajlssl# Bd y n quldqul ajisl lc l``lt kl pdus nctbqul$ kl

pdus `blr í c(nttlckrl qul kl dn tlrrl sludl al kict cius nvics

elsibc# Aldn cl cius olt pns sius dn kâplckncal kls jiools$ lt

cl rbsqul pns k(nvbdbr cis anrnatêrls# Dl pnysnc qub audtbvl

s(lstbol lcairl$ í d(jlurl qu(bd lst$ três supârblur í d(nrtbsnc ku

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i)`#$ B$ H1 6 A`# Kl Cneudjl#



ÂAICIOBL ]IDB[B^\L KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 5:8

eiurh vibsbc iu nu aidpirtlur qub pnssl# Dn tlrrl nciedbt# Onbs

al cl sict pns als rnbsics kl kbhcbtâ qul `nbt vndibr snbct

Noeribsl# Bd lst pdutût `rnppâ kl dn pripirtbic qub lxbstl kncs

d(nhrbaudturl lctrl dn plbcl lt dl sndnbrl$ aiool sb dn hrçdl lt

dn sâajlrlssl cl aioolttnblct gnonbs k(bcgustbal# ûl kl vlrtus$

pntblcal$ oâtjikl$ sibc$ siddbabtukl$ cl `nut/bd pns piur çtrl

uc eic nhrbaudtlur9 Cius râaidtics lc kâ`bcbtbvl al qul cius

nvics sloâ# A(lst aldn qub oirndbsl cis pri`bts$ lt cius/oçolspnr surariãt# Onbs surtiut bd c(y n pibct kl pdnal kncs dn duttl

qul cius siutlcics aictrl dl sid piur dn rusl lt piur dn `rnukl#

Citrl râaidtl cl `nbt pibct tirt í dn râaidtl kl citrl priajnbc$

lt alddl/dí lst sludlolct ucl rbajlssl vrnbolct naqubsl qub

c(lst pns k(uc nutrl aûtâ lt piur ucl nutrl plrsiccl ucl

rbajlssl plrkul *>"#

ûldquls trnbts cius ict kâgí `nbt aiccnãtrl dls slctbolcts kl

snbct Noeribsl í d(âhnrk ku aioolral# Bd c(y vibt qul `nux

pibks lt qul `nussls olsurls *5"$ tirt `nbt í nutrub$ ìrtucls

vidâls# Bd c(n pns d(bkâl k(uc aioolral jiccçtl6 onbs aldub/dí

oçol dub pnrnãtrnbt vbd$ pnral qu(bd tlck aicstnoolct d(lsprbt

vlrs dl hnbc$ lt suestbtul í d(âajnchl `rntlrcld kls slrvbals dn

duttl kl d(i`b(rl lt kl dn klonckl *1"# A(lst surtiut kncs al

qu(ic npplddl dn spâaudntbic qul kbspnrnãt tiutl trnal kl d(lsprbt

ajrâtblc# Qb vius vlcklz ku edâ lc tlops kl kbslttl$ qu(nu

oibcs al sibt vitrl edâ í vius *;"# Onbs alux qub lctnsslct

kls privbsbics kncs dlurs hrlcblrs$ lt qub nttlcklct aiool ucl

eiccl ìrtucl piur lux dn obsêrl puedbqul$ qub dn arâlct

oçol pnrdlurs naanpnrlolcts$ alux/dí cl sict pibct k(jnebdls

aioolrèncts$ onbs kls ìurels lt kls trnãtrls$ lt snbct Noeribsl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ BBB$ 1:/;># Qnbct Noeribsl s(bcspbrl bab sncs

nuauc kiutl kls Âaiciobquls kl Abaâric$ qub s(âtnbt dub/oçol bcspbrâ kls

Laiciob(bbbls kl Zâcipjic#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ BBB$ 0bg#

*1" X#$ >$5;56 BBB$ 18$ <8#

*;")()#$ o$ 12#



5:: DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

dls aiopnrl nux vidlurs kl hrnck ajlobc qub âpblct dl oiolctpripbal piur snutlr í dn hirhl ku viynhlur *> "# Bd s(nhbt alplc/

knct dí kl [lc`ncal kl d(nrt lc `nbt kl spâaudntbic# Ic plut

guhlr kês dirs al qul snbct Noeribsl plcslrnbt kl cis glux kl

jnussl lt kl enbssl$ qub sict kls glux$ al qub lst kâgí ìrt

râprâjlcsbedl$ lt qub sict lc iutrl kls glux k(iò$ pnr kâ`bcbtbic$

tiutl diynutâ lst enccbl$ al qu(bd plcslrnbt lc uc oit kl alttl

oirndlkls n``nbrls sb kb``ârlctl

kl sn oirndl ídub$ lt

kict dnoibckrl tidârncal lst kl plrolttrl uc lcrbajbsslolct kict dl

trnvnbd c(lst pns d(irbhbcl#

Onbs cius c(nvics pns elsibc kl aicglaturlr dls sâvârbtâs kl

snbct Noeribsl lcvlrs uc aioolral eblc aiccu kl sic tlops$

dl aioolral kl d(nrhlct# Bd cius su``bt k(âaiutlr sls pnridls 7

« Cius klvics cius nbklr dls ucs dls nutrls$ rnolclr í citrl

`rêrl sn erlebs âhnrâl 6 cius klvics prçtlr lc`bc$ lt cius `lrbics

pnylr als slrvbals qub sict kus$ lt cius kloncklrbics pdus

qul cius c(nvics kiccâ *5" . A(lst uc vbal k(lsadnvl kl vidlr$

lt ucl sludl ajisl kbstbchul kl dn aickubtl k(uc slrvbtlur

bc`bkêdl als lxnatbics kls rbajls$ a(lst qu(lddls sl ìct nu hrnck

giur *1"# ¶ Qnbct Noeribsl n$ nu aictrnbrl$ kls sius/lctlckus eblc/

vlbddncts piur dl kâebtlur bcsidvnedl *;"# Lctrl dl arâncablr lt

dl kâebtlur$ lctrl dl ìrt lt dl `nbedl$ bd cl tblct pns dn endncal

âhndl$ lt sn syopntjbl lst piur dl `nbedl# Aldn lst eblc ajrâtblc#

Cis aictlopirnbcs pdus siuablux$ cic sludlolct ku kribt$

onbs kl dn kbhcbtâ kl ajnauc$ guhlct nutrlolct$ lt cl pnrkic/

clct pns í aldub qub n kiccâ prbsl sur dub# Bd `nut citlr alttl

cuncal oirndl#

Qls ìcatbics kl prâ`lt$ pubs k(âvlqul$ nvnblct obs snbct

Noeribsl lc prâslcal k(l``riynedls kâtrlssls lt kl arunutâs

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ BBB$ ;>#

*5" Gk#$ BBB$ 5=#

*1" Gk#$ BBB$ 55#

*;"Gk#$ B$ >;:#



ÂAICIOBL ]IDB[B^\L KL QNBC([ NOEUIBQL$ 5:2

sncs cio# \cl dib nutirbsnbt dls pêrls í sidklr dlurs klttls nvladn dbelrtâ kl dlurs lc`ncts# \c arâncablr bopbtiynedl naaudl uc

pêrl í al oikl kl pnylolct# « A(lst oic nrhlct qub dls n

ciurrbs lc kâ`bcbtbvl 6 bds o(nppnrtblcclct# Dlurs slrvbals

o(bcklocbslrict# Nddics . qu(ic dls lstbol pnr tçtl *>"# ¶

Onbs vibab uc nutrl ans 7 \c pêrl n pdusblurs `bds$ lt c(lc kibt

qu(uc# Dlquld k(lctrl lux vn/t/bd dbvrlr9 u ûld lst aldub qul

oic ìurcbsslur kl edâ triuvlrn dl pdus í sic hrâ9 Qlrn/al

d(nãcâ 9 Onbs a(lst aldub qub dl prloblr o(n kiccâ dl cio kl

pêrl# Qlrn/al dl pdus glucl9 Onbs sic åhl oçol o(nttlckrbt

lc sn `nvlur### Ondjlurlux qul gl subs. Gl cl snbs qul `nbrl$

lt gl c(nb pns dl aőur kl ajibsbr *5"# ¶ \cl nutrl dib nuti/

rbsnbt dl arâncablr í `nbrl surslibr í dn sâpudturl kl sic kâeb/

tlur gusqu(í d(naqubttlolct kl dn klttl pnr dls jârbtblrs# Qnbct

Noeribsl lut uc giur í bctlrvlcbr kncs ucl n``nbrl kl al hlcrl$

onbs al ùt piur irkicclr qul dn dib `öt lxâautâl lt dl anknvrl

dbvrâ í aldub qub dl râadnonbt# « ]rlcks kica al airps 6 vlbddl

eblc í al qu(bd cl t(âajnppl pns$ slrrl/dl kncs tn ajnoerl.###

Nu rlstl tic nvnrbal plut sl râgiubr$ anr vibdí uc prbsiccblr

qub cl tl aiötlrn pns í ciurrbr# ¶ Lt dl aicvib$ sur dls irkrls kl

d(âvçqul$ vn$ nu obdblu kl d(bckbhcntbic pipudnbrl$ tiut kribt

ajlz dl arâncablr# Aldub/ab klonckl hråal lt prbl qu(ic kâdbvrl

sn onbsic kl al oirt lt ku sanckndl qul anusl sn prâslcal#

« Cic$ gl cl vlux pns tl `nbrl tirt# Hnrkl tic eblc# ¶ Lt bd

`nddut qul dl arâncablr dub/oçol lt dls sblcs prbsslct sur

dlurs âpnudls$ piur dl aickubrl í alttl klrcbêrl klolurl qu(bds

dub nvnbt kbsputâl$ dl airps kl dlur vbatbol *1"#

Kl tlddls oőurs$ kl tlds neus gustb`blct dls aidêrls kl snbct

Noeribsl$ lt kl tlds rbajls c(âtnblct pns piur dub `nbrl nbolrdn rbajlssl# Cius siools lc uc tlops iò dn encqul c(n

*>" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl [iebn$ PBBB$ 1=#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Cneutjl$ P$ 5>#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl [iebn$ Z$ 10/18#

\cbvlrsbtâ KL Dyic# ‛ PBBB# N# >2




k(nutrl `irol qul d(usurl$ lt iò d(usurl vn gusqu(í d(ipprlssbic#Alt âtnt siabnd cl plrolttnbt pns í snbct Noeribsl kl prâvibr

lt k(npprâablr dl rûdl eblc`nbsnct kl anpbtnux naauoudâs$ pubs

sl râpncknct pnrtiut$ aiool ucl sêvl$ piur âvlbddlr d(bckus/

trbl lt naariãtrl$ nvla dn siool kl trnvnbd$ dn siool kl eblc/

çtrl# Q(bd d(nvnbt prâvu$ bd löt âtâ pdus bckudhlct piur uc ond

k(ibb cnãt tnct kl eblc# Onbs qulddls qul siblct dls câalssbtâs$

privbklctblddls plut/çtrl$ nuxqulddls ieâbt dn abraudntbic kls

rbajlssls$ kncs alt irkrl dls câalssbtâs$ oçol privbklctblddls$

cl sict qul privbsibrls# Dls dibs âaiciobquls sl trncs`irolct67

lt sb d(âaiciobl pidbtbqul kl snbct Noeribsl cius pnrnãt quld/

qul plu rukbolctnbrl$ sb lddl oâaiccnãt quldquls/ucls kls

kiccâls kls priedêols natulds$ lc rlvncajl lddl lst pdlbcl kl

alt lsprbt kl ajnrbtâ qub c(n pns pâcâtrâ lcairl kncs dn oilddl

kl cis siabâtâs$ lt kict bd lst trip aiooikl kl kbrl qu(bd c(y

pâcâtrlrn gnonbs# Lddl cius nbkl kica í cius kâ`lckrl aictrl

uc iptbobsol qub piurrnbt eblc c(çtrl qul citrl âhiésol obs

lc tjâirbl#

Qnbct Noeribsl c(lst bab qul d(uc kls rlprâslctncts k(ucl/

trnkbtbic bcbctlrriopul kncs dl ajrbstbncbsol# Adâolct k(Ndlxnc/

krbl s(âtnbt klonckâ$ cius cius lc siuvlcics$ sb uc rbajl plut

çtrl snuvâ# Qnbct Nuhustbc cbl qul d(ic pissêkl dâhbtbololct

dls eblcs kict ic cl `nbt pns usnhl piur dn ajnrbtâ *>"# Lt ciuspiurrbics oudtbpdblr als lxlopdls# Nu xub% sbêadl$ dl ajnpldnbc

k(uc rib$ Uielrt kl Qireic$ n$ sur alttl qulstbic$ dl pnrdlr pdus

rukl lcairl qul dls prloblrs ]êrls 7 « Gl pri`lssl qul tius dls

usurblrs$ dls tjârnurbslurs qub kâtblcclct dn ajisl k(nutrub sict

kls dnrrics$ lt qu(nu giur kl dn oirt dl kbnedl dls snbsbrn aiool

kls dnrrics piur dls aickubrl í sls hbelts# Bds ict onbctlcnct dls

onbcs sb slrrâls qul rblc cl s(lc âajnppl$ onbs$ í dlur oirt$ ic

iuvrbrn dlurs ai``rls$ qu(bds ict tlcus sb eblc `lroâs$ piur lc lx/

*>" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Lp#$ >>>$ P01#



ÂAICIOBL ]IDB[B^\L KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL# 52É

trnbrl dls rbajlssls *gub dlur âtnblct ajêrls aiool dlurs lctrnbddls#

Gl dls aiopnrl í kls piuralnux qub sict$ tnct qu(bds vbvlct$ kl

hrnckl kâplcsl# \c piuralnu aiötl elnuaiup í aldub qub vlut dl

eblc ciurrbr$ lt piurtnct bd cl rnppirtl rblc$ tnct qu(bd vbt$ lt cl

`nbt qul siubddlr dn onbsic# Onbs uc piuralnu oirt lst kl hrnck

prbx *>" #¶ Al sict k(nutrls ajnpldnbcs kl rib$nu xvuS sbêadl$ qub

`ict lctlckrl dls kbsaiurs dls pdus âticcncts piur qub cl sl

siuvblct pns kl dn trnkbtbicclddl pnrtbndbtâ kl d(Lhdbsl$ qunck bd

s(nhbt kls pnuvrls# ]iur Eiurkndiul$ aiool piur snbct Nuhus/

tbc$ dls rbajls cl sict pns dls vârbtnedls priprbâtnbrls kl dlur

rbajlssls# Bds sict dls bctlroâkbnbrls$ dls obcbstrls kldí ajnrbtâ

kbvbcl$ lt dls pnuvrls sict dls rlalvlurs kl Kblu *5"# ]iur

Eissult$ aiool piur snbct Noeribsl$ dls pnuvrls sict dls olo/

erls ku airps oystbqul kl Gâsus/Ajrbst6 dlurs siu``rncals rlciu/

vlddlct sn ]nssbic$ lt al c(lst pns kl dn pbtbâ qul cius dlur

klvics$ onbs ku rlsplat# Bds sict dls lc`ncts vârbtnedls kl d(Lhdbsl

iò dls rbajls sict kls âtrnchlrs# « Onbs dl slrvbal kls pnuvrls

dls cnturndbsl$ lt dlur slrt í lxpblr dn aictnhbic qu(bds aictrna/

tlct pnrob dlurs rbajlssls *1"# ¶ Als klrcbêrls pnridls kl Eissult

sict í dn `ibs d(lxnatl lt nkobrnedl trnkuatbic kl quldquls/ucls

kls bkâls qul cius nvics rlcaictrâls ajlz snbct Noeribsl#

Kbrics/cius lc`bc qul al qu(ic n nppldâ$ í tirt iu í rnbsic$

dl siabndbsol ajrâtblc *onbs cius snvics onbctlcnct al qu(bd

`nut lctlckrl pnr dí" lst ucl trnkbtbic tlddlolct bcjârlctl nu

ajrbstbncbsol qul$ kncs alttl trnkbtbic$ d(Lhdbsl sl rltrlopl$

qunck lddl slct s(âpubslr lc lddl dls prbcabpls kl vbl$ lt qu(lddl

rlprlck ndirs kls nbrs kl gluclssl kict ic cl dn ariynbt pdus

anpnedl# Onbs cius nssbstics kl cis giurs í d(ucl kls arbsls dls

pdus krnontbquls kl d(jbstibrl oirndl# Alttl vblbddl nddbncal ku

*>" Abtâ pnr D#vchdibs$ D(âdiqulcal snarâl nu oiylc åhl VUlvul kls Klux

Oickls$ d'%% gncvblr >:21"#

*5" EibbUKNDIDL$ Qw d(nuoûca *PBBS kboncajl nprês dn ]lctlaûtl"#

*1" Eissult$ Qur Pâobclctl kbhcbtâ kls pnuvrls#



]UBCAB]LQ CI\PLN\Z# 521

vics pns `nbrl qul als oirndls$ quibqul n``rncajbls kl tiutkihol$ c(nblct hnrkâ kl dn rldbhbic d(naalct$ d(âoitbic$ dn

oystbabtâ$ qu(lddls cl kicclct nsbdl lc lddls nu slctbolct rldb/

hblux kl d(iedbhntbic$ lt c(npplddlct alttl bcadbcntbic kl tiut

citrl çtrl qub y râpick$ lt qub rlssloedl í uc natl kl ìb# Dn

vbl oirndl lst piur dichtlops lcairl$ oçol ajlz dls bc/

ariyncts$ ucl ìrol kl dn vbl rldbhblusl# Dls ariyncals kbspnruls

lc l``lt$ dn ariyncal rlstl$ aiool kbspisbtbic kl citrl íol$ lt

ajlrajl uc lopdib# Dl klvibr dub lc ìurcbt uc# Dl klvibr lst

klvlcu kblu#

Onbs$ nu tlops k(Noeribsl$ a(lst Kblu dub/oçol qub lctrl

kncs dn oirndl lt dn `nbt hrnvbtlr nutiur kl dub# Bd `nut piurtnct

aioolcalr pnr rnppldlr bab qul dl trnbtâ Kls Kâvibdns cius

prâslctl aiool klux oirndls pnrnddêddls$ guxtnpisâls$ onbs

cic aicìckuls# [nctût cius nvics n``nbrl í ucl oirndl purl/olct juonbcl lt qub$ aiool dl stiéabsol$ ìckl cisklvibrs sur

citrl cnturl 6 tnctût dn oirndl c(lst pdus qu(uc lcslbhclolct

kbvbc$ lt qul dn prâslcal kl Kblu kncs dâsåols# A(lstal slaick

nsplat ku dbvrl k(Noeribsl qul cius viudics onbctlcnct âtukblr$

sncs iuedblr tiutlìbs qu(bd lc lxbstl uc nutrl$ lt qu(lc iutrl

citrl nutlur cl s(lst pns kiccâ dn plbcl kl sl olttrl k(naairk

nvla dub/oçol# Cius nddics ieslrvlr kncs dn aiopisbtbic kltius dls oikls kl dn vlrtu juonbcl d(l``lt kl alt âdâolct ciu/

vlnu 7 dn ariyncal lc Kblu# Qncs kiutl al c(lst pns nesiduolct

ucl ciuvlnutâ kl aribrl lc Kblu# Bd y n kls kblux kncs d(nctb/

qubtâ6bd c(y lc n oçol qul trip# Lt bd slrnbt `nux kl prâtlckrl

qul al siblct kls kblux `nbcâncts lt qu(bds rlstlct bckb``ârlcts í

dn aickubtl kls jiools# Onbs bds sict trip prês kl d(juoncbtâ$ lt

dlur nutirbtâ c(lst ìckâl qul sur dn arnbctl# ]ubs bds ict kl citrlcnturl surtiut dls pnssbics lt dls `nbedlssls$ lt dls lxlopdls

qu(bds kicclct cubslct nux rêhdls qu(bds klvrnblct `nbrl rlsplatlr#

Dlur jbstibrl sl aiopisl gustlolct kl tiut al qul dls jiools

cl kibvlct pns `nbrl# Lc`bc bds sict slcsbedls nux prâslcts kls



%52; DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

jiools pdus qu(í dlur vlrtu# Al cl sict piur dn oirndl qul

kls nddbâs bctlrobttlcts lt aiopriolttncts# ûnct nu kblu kls

pjbdisipjls$ bd lst k(ucl lsslcal pdus purl$ onbs bd cl vbt pns#

A(lst uc bkând qu(bds ict aiopisâ nvla dl olbddlur k(lux/oçols

lt iò bds rlaiccnbsslct dlur őuvrl ndirs oçol qu(bds d(nkirlct#

Qlud$ dl Kblu kls ajrâtblcs lst vrnbolct Kblu# >> lst ucbqul$

lt alttl aickbtbic `lrn kâsironbs pnrtbl kl dn kâ`bcbtbic kl Kblu#

Bd vbt$ lt rblc cl vbt qul pnr dub# Bd lst arântlur$ al qub d(âdêvl

í ucl jnutlur bc`bcbl nu/klssus kl sls arânturls$ lt olt lctrl

lddls lt dub kls dblcs í dn ìbs pdus ìrts lt pdus tlckrls# Onbs

cius viudics bcsbstlr surtiut sur dls anrnatêrls oirnux qu(bd

rlvçt6 anr kl alttl ucbic kl dn rldbhbic lt kl dn oirndl$ kict

cius pnrdbics$ d(l``lt lst kiuedl$ lt sl `nbt slctbr sur dn rldbhbic

aiool sur dn oirndl lddl/oçol# Kica dls jiccçtls hlcs ict

alttl ìbs uc Kblu `nbt piur lux lt aiool lux$ uc Kblu qub

vnbddl nu oibcs uc jiccçtl jiool6 lt$ al qub lst lxtrnirkb/

cnbrl$ a(lst qu(bd nbt pu y nvibr k(nutrls kblux# Lc iutrl$ tiut al

qub aicalrcl dn vlrtu lst dn hrnckl n``nbrl kl sic hiuvlrclolct#

>> lst dl tâoibc nttlctb` cic sludlolct kl cis natls$ onbs kl

cis plcsâls *>"$ lt sn gustbal cius nttlck *5"# Cius nvics kbt lt

rlkbt qul dl kihol kl dn privbklcal pnssn ku stiéabsol kncs

dl ajrbstbncbsol# Onbs bd c(y pnssn pns tld quld$ lt sncs çtrl

oikb`bâ dub/oçol pnr dls prâiaaupntbics kb``ârlctls kls åols

nuxqulddls bd s(nkrlssnbt# ]iur dls stiéablcs dn privbklcal lst

dn hnrnctbl kl d(irkrl ucbvlrsld 6 a(lst lddl qub kâ`lck$ aictrl dls

ndtârntbics qul dub `lrnbt suebr dl jnsnrk$ dn snbctl elnutâ ku

Aisois# ]iur dls ajrâtblcs$ nuxqulds dn gustbal bopirtl pdus

qul dn elnutâ$ lddl lst surtiut dl piuvibr qub râpnrtbt dls eblcs

lt dls onux$ lt qub kibt pripirtbicclr sls `nvlurs í cis oârbtls#

Dn pjbdisipjbl pnélccl snarb`bnbt trip vidictblrs dl kâtnbd í

d(lcsloedl$ lt prlcnbt sic pnrtb kls obsêrls bckbvbkulddls#

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ bb;#

*5"Bt)#$ B$ >5;#



]UBCAB]LQ CI\PLN\Z# 52i

A lst gusdlolct aictrl dn Bfbhrnctl booirndbtâ kl als snarb/

`bals$ s(bds c(ict kncs d(jbstibrl kl ajnauc dlur gustb`bantbic$ qul

s(âtnblct âdlvâs dls pripjêtls k(Bsrnæd# D(lxpdbantbic kls siu`/

`rncals bclxpdbquâls$ lt nussb alddl kl alrtnbcs eicjlurs sanc/

kndlux aioptn$ nprês lux$ nu cioerl kls priedêols nuxqulds

ucl rldbhbic klvnbt râpickrl# Nprês lux dn pbtbâ lt dn gustbal

klvbcrlct dls nttrbeuts lsslctblds kl Kblu# D(irkrl oirnd iaaupn

sls pdus slarêtls plcsâls$ nvnct [irkrl pjysbqul# Bd sl kâpiubddl

nbcsb kl al anrnatêrl kl dib nestrnbtl lt bcslcsbedl qub âtnbt

aldub kl dn privbklcal stiéablccl$ lt prlck alux k(ucl plrsiccl#

A(lst uc Gâjivnj qub c(lc`lrol pdus sn pritlatbic kncs dls

`rictbêrls k(uc pltbt plupdl$ lt kict d(nutirbtâ s(lst nkiuabl lc

s(âtlcknct#

Bd cius `nukrnbt ngiutlr bab qul dl kihol ajrâtblc$ kncs dn

prâabsbic kl tius sls kâtnbds$ sloedl `nbt piur dls aicsâqulcals

oirndls qu(ic lc plut tbrlr$ lt bd cius `nukrnbt kâvldipplr ucl

í ucl als aicsâqulcals# ûl Gâsus/Ajrbst sibt jiool lt sibt

Kblu tiut í dn ìbs$ qu(bd sibtd(BBiool/Kblu$ aldn$ pnr lxlopdl$

kiccl ucl pirtâl pnrtbaudbêrl nux dlèics kl sn vbl qub$ vlcnct

k(ucl cnturl purlolct juonbcl$ slrnblct oibcs nutirbsâls$

k(ucl cnturl purlolct kbvbcl$ oibcs naalssbedls í citrl bobtn/

tbic# Lt ucl kâoicstrntbic ncndihul piurrnbt sl râpâtlr í

pripis kl ajnqul nrtbadl kl ìb# Dls prntbquls kl dn kâvitbic

ajrâtblccl vbcrlct í dlur tiur olttrl ucl onrqul spâabndl sur

dls ucbls$ lt sl oçdlr í dn oirndl oçol$ nu pibct qu(ic cl

kbstbchul }¶dus lctrl d(lxnatbtukl kl d(ieslrvncal lt dn rlatbtukl

kl dn aickubtl# Kl tiut aldn râsudtlct piur citrl vidictâ dls

kbrlatbics dls pdus prâabsls lt dls pdus snvnoolct aiirkiccâls#

Onbs cius cius âanrtics kl pdus lc pdus kls stiéablcs lt kl

d(nuticiobl oirndl# [iutls als bkâls$ qul cius bckbquics í

plbcl$ oârbtlrnblct k(çtrl dichulolct âtukbâls 6onbs$ piur dls

âtukblr$ cius sirtbrbics kls dbobtls qul citrl prihrnool cius

bopisl# Lc ìcknct dn aiopnrnbsic kl klux oirndls$ kâgí sb



52H DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶

siuvlct aiopnrâls$ sur dn aiopnrnbsic kl klux dbvrls iò lddls

sl sict lxprboâls$ cius nvics prbs sur dl vb`$ lt `bxâ kls ippi/

sbtbics k(bkâls lt kl slctbolcts dl pdus siuvlct ùynctls# Onbs

ucl alrtnbcl kbobcutbic ku suglt lst dn rncèic kl alttl prâabsbic

qul cius cius siools l`ìraâ k(ietlcbr# Dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs

kl snbct Noeribsl cl aictblct pns tiutl dn oirndl ku ajrbstbn/

cbsol$ cius nvics lu dn prâanutbic kl dl kbrl$ lt dl pdnc qu(bd

lopructl iesaurabt lc pnrtbaudblr alttl pâcâtrntbic ku kihol

lt kl dn oirndl qub lst uc anrnatêrl âobclct tiut í dn ìbs kukihol ajrâtblc lt kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl# D(bc`dulcal kl Abaâ/

ric sl oncb`lstl nbcsb cic sludlolct kncs al qul kbt Noeribsl$

onbs kncs al qu(bd cl kbt pns#

Cius cl triuvics kica kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs qul dls

prbcabpls hâcârnux kl dn pjbdisipjbl ajrâtblccl6 onbs bd su``b/

slct í bcadbclr dn oirndl kncs uc slcs ciuvlnu# Al Kblu$ kict

cius nvics pnrdâ$ lxbhl qu(ic aribl lc dub 6 lt cius nvics kâgívu aioolct dn ìb$ kncs dn dbstl kls vlrtus$ sl suestbtul í dn

sablcal$ sncs qul snbct Noeribsl bcsbstl nsslz sur d(bopirtncal

kl al ajnchlolct# Dn ìb bopdbqul quldqul ajisl kl kâgí oirnd$

kncs dl slcs oiklrcl ku oit$ uc viudibr$ uc ajibx$ uc rbsqulS

uc kic kl sib# Dls ncablcs pdus purlolct bctlddlatundbstls ìc/

knblct nu aictrnbrl dn oirndbtâ sur dn sablcal# 1Bnbs a(lst dí uc

pibct kl vul piur dichtlops nenckiccâ# Dl ajrbstbncbsol n

pdnaâ dn aicsablcal jirs ku kionbcl kl dn sablcal# Dl klvibr

kls fnctblcs$ alttl kbvbcbtâ bctârblurl$ kâdnbssl í sic tiur dn

rnbsic spâaudntbvl piur dn rnbsic prntbqul# Lc quib dl fnctbsol

kb`d(êrl ku stiéabsol kl dn oçol `nèic qul dl ajrbstbncbsol#

Alttl suprâontbl naairkâl í dn vidictâ sur dn rnbsic anrnatârbsl

kica dn pjbdisipjbl ajrâtblccl$ lt tiutls dls kiatrbcls qub sict

bssuls k(lddl#

Bd lst í rlonrqulr lc iutrl qul dn ìb$ qub sloedl cl cius

priaurlr qu(ucl slrvbtukl$ cius n``rncajbt í sn oncbêrl# Anr

alttl slrvbtukl$ ku oibcs$ lst vidictnbrl# Dn rldbhbic klvlcnct




n``nbrl ki aicsablcal$ dn ìb cius âoncabpl kls rldbhbics dâhndls$lt âdêvl lc kbhcbtâ$ sb [ic plut kbrl$ dl slctbolct rldbhblux

dub/oûol$ pnr al qu(lddl y oçdl kl dbelrtâ# Ribdí lcairl al

qu(bd y n kl oirnd kncs dn ìb# Onbs bd piurrn nrrbvlr qul

alttl ìb sl sueirkiccl dl rlstl kl dn oirndl nu pibct kl dub

`nbrl tirt$ lt rlssloedl nu oiylc aiurt kl alrtnbcs hcistbquls#

Nbcsb rbkâl kl Kblu nurn slrvb í kâprâablr cis klvibrs qu(lddl

klvnbt vbvb`blr *>"# Qncs aioptlr qu(nvla dl tlops k(ucl ìb

riutbcbêrl lt jârbtâl nurn kbspnru plu í plu alttl qundbtâ oirndl

qub lc rljnussnbt dl prbx# Onbs oibcs dn ìb rlssloedl í ucl

vlrtu lt pdus lddl lst prioul nu/klssus kl tiutl vlrtu# Lt

snbct Nuhustbc siutblckrn al pnrnkixl qu(uc ariynct pâajlur

lst pdus nhrânedl í Kblu qu(uc pnélc vlrtulux *5"# ]jbdic lst

dl slud pjbdisipjl qu(ucl tlddl plcsâl c(löt pibct ajiquâ# \c

Uionbc cl d(löt oçol pns aioprbsl#Bd cl su``bt pns kl aribrl lc Kblu# Bd `nut dl arnbckrl lt bd

`nut d(nbolr# Qnbct Noeribsl abtl alttl pjrnsl kls ]snuols

qul « dn arnbctl ku Qlbhclur lst dl aioolcalolct kl dn

snhlssl *1" ¶6 lt$ piur `nbrl d(âdihl k(uc pntrbnrajl$ bd kbt kl dub

qu(bd arnbhcnbt Kblu *;"# Onbs uc slctbolct pdus vrnbolct

ajrâtblc lst d(noiur kl Kblu# Dls pjbdisipjls ncablcs ict eblc

pnrdâ kl quldqul ajisl kl sloednedl# BCBnbs a(lst dl ans kl rnp/

pldlr qul dls oçols oits c(lxprbolct pns tiugiurs dls oçols

bkâls# Bd s(nhbt piur dls ncablcs k(ucl aic`bncal rnbsiccâl¶

k(ucl pbâtâ tiut bctlddlatulddl$ sncs nenckic lt sncs tlckrlssl#

Dls jiools cl rlcklct nu abld lc kâ`bcbtbvl qul dl hlcrl k(n`/

`latbic qu(bds rlèibvlct kl dub# Ir dls pjbdisipjls pnélcs cl

prçtlct nux kblux$ í d(âhnrk kl d(jiool$ qu(ucl eblcvlbddncal

*>" Alttl lxalssbvl prâkiobcncal kl dn ìb nppnrnãt kâgí kncs snbct

Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ d$ 57g5#

*5" Aictrn Gujncuo ]ldnhbncuo$ BP$ 1#

*#1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ >>8#

*;" X#$ >$0=#



5(2: DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ 3S

tiutl hâcârndl lt qub cl dlur aiötl rblc# Dl Kblu kls ajrâtblcs

nu aictrnbrl$ lc s(booidnct piur sls lc`ncts$ dlur n kiccâ dl

tic kls slctbolcts qu(bd nttlck k(lux# Lc iutrl bd lst aiool uc

pêrl qub c(nbol pns sls lc`ncts lc edia$ onbs qub nbol ajnauc

piur dub/oçol# Kl dí$ lctrl dls jiools lt Kblu$ kls rnppirts

plrsicclds$ bctbols$ d(ldénsbic kls jiools râpicknct í dn

siddbabtukl kl Kblu# N dub slud bd lst dl eic hâcbl kl ajnauc$

sic Kblu dnrl$ dl Kblu `nobdblr qul d(ic nbol$ dls snbcts c(nynct

pns lcairl prbs dlur pnrt kl dn pbâtâ kls jiools#Cic sludlolct Kblu s(i``rl lc ieglt í kls slctbolcts ciu/

vlnux$ onbs d(noiur qul cius âpriuvics piur dub rltlctbt sur cis

nutrls slctbolcts lt dlur kiccl í tius ucl irblctntbic aiooucl#

Kblu klvblct dl alctrl kl citrl vbl oirndl# Qb cius siools

juoedls$ a(lst klvnct Kblu# ^unck cius ieâbssics$ oçol nux

pubssncals k(bab/ens$ cius ieâbssics í Kblu qub n plrobs qu(lddls

cius aiooncklct$ lt cius prlcics dl pdb kl alttl ieâbssncalpdus aiopdêtl qul cius cl klvics qu(í dub# Dn `rntlrcbtâ ju/

onbcl$ cius nvics kâgí citâ al prihrês$ rlèibt kl d(bkâl k(uc pêrl

aioouc aiool uc suppdâolct kl rândbtâ# Kblu abolctl dls

nobtbâs pnr dn rlssloedncal qub cnãt lctrl kls åols kict bd lst

tiutl dn plcsâl# Kl dí alttl lxprlssbic « s(nbolr lc Kblu ¶$ qub

onrqul dn aic`usbic lc uc slud slctbolct kl [n`[latbic qu(uc

jiool bcspbrl í uc nutrl jiool$ lt kl alddl qul tius klux

pirtlct í Kblu# Kncs dn ajnrbtâ lc`bc bd y n uc jioonhl rlcku

í Kblu$ pubsqu(lddl lst uc naaiopdbsslolct kl sls vuls lt ucl

bobtntbic kl sn eictâ# D(noiur outuld kls arânturls lst aiool

ucl kâplckncal kl aldub qub ucbt kâgí dl arântlur í dn arânturl#

D(bkâl ku slrvbal kl Kblu lc uc oit pâcêtrl tiutls cis bctlctbics

lt ng$iutl quldqul ajisl í dn vlrtu# Ic snbt qul Fnct ippisnbt

í d(bkând stiéablc kl dn snhlssl d(bkând ajrâtblc kl dn snbctltâ# Dn

snbctltâ suppisl d(i``rnckl qul dn vlrtu `nbt k(lddl/oçol lt dn

prâslcal kl Kblu kncs cis aőurs# D(nctbqubtâ n lu kls snhls 6 dl

ajrbstbncbsol slud n lu kls snbcts#




Pibab lcairl klux l``lts kl dn ìb sur dn vlrtu# Lddl klvblct

[bobtntbic oçol kl Kblu *>"# A(lst dí ucl aicalptbic pdnticb/

ablccl ltoçol stiéablccl *5"# Onbs$ ajlz dls stiéablcs$ d(bobtntbic

kl Kblu sl aicìck nvla d(bobtntbic kl dn cnturl$ lt aicsbstl

í `nbrl râhclr lc sib ucl jnroicbl qub sibt aiool uc

nerâhâ kl d(jnroicbl ucbvlrslddl# D(bobtntbic kl Kblu kb`dêrl

aiool kb``êrl Kblu dub/oçol# ]dus prês ku slcs ajrâtblc

nvla ]dntic$ a(lst kncs dl ajrbstbncbsol slud qu(lddl ìurcbt

ucl ìroudl adnbrl lt prntbqul kl cis klvibrs# ]iur dls

ncablcs$ lc l``lt$ a(lst dn cnturl qub lxprbol Kblu# ]iur dls

ajrâtblcs sludlolct$ a(lst nu klkncs kl cius qu(lc lst d(bonhl$

lt bd lst k(nutnct pdus `nabdl í d(jiool kl rlssloedlr í Kblu

qul alttl rlssloedncal lctrl lux lst kâgí âenuajâl# Ngiutics

qul$ kncs dl ajrbstbncbsol slud# Kblu n ucl jbstibrl$ lt sl

râvêdl sius kls trnbts qub kicclct prbsl í citrl bobtntbic# Ir

uc oit râsuol alttl jbstibrl kbvbcl 7 dn obsârbairkl6 lt a(lst

lc l``lt pnr dn obsârbairkl$ cius n lcslbhcâ snbct Noeribsl$ qul

cius cius âdlvics gusqu(í rlssloedlr í Kblu *1"# ‛ D(nutrl l``lt

kict cius viudics pnrdlr lst í plbcl bckbquâ kncs dl trnbtâ Kls

Klvibrs$ lt pnr ucl pjrnsl noebhuæ$ onbs alttl bckbantbic n uc

tld bctârçt qul cius cl piusics dn pnsslr sius sbdlcal# Dn vlrtu

juonbcl$ lst/bd kbt$ plut/lddl sl su``brl í lddl/oçol$ lt c(n/t/lddl

pns elsibc k(uc nppub kncs dl Ajrbst *;"9 A(lst dn tjâirbl kl dn

hråal qub nppnrnãt bab ajlz aldub qub ùt dl onãtrl k(Nuhustbc#

Alttl natbic oystbqul kl Kblu sur cis åols najêvlrn kl cius kâ/

pissâklr kl citrl vlrtu# Citrl cnturl$ qub cl tbrl pns k(lddl/oçol

sic bkând$ cl triuvl pns knvnctnhl lc lddl dn ìral kl dl rândbslr#

Bd râsudtl kl tiut al qul cius nvics kbt qul d(nutirbtâ kl dn

dib

oirndl vblct lddl/oçol kl Kblu# Onbs aldnvnut dn plbcl

*>" Pibr Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl ùhn sxabbJ$ >8#

*5" Qfcêöbf$ Lp#$ ZAP#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl i``#$ B$ 1:#

*;" BG#$ d$ 5nd# @uckncbacduOb nudao Ajrbstus lst#



1== DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

qu(ic y bcsbstl$ anr alttl irbhbcl lxpdbqul dl anrnatêrl bop*<rntb`

qu(lddl rlvçt$ lt qu(lddl hnrklrn$ oçol dirsqu(lddl cl aioonc/

klrn pdus qu(lc sic cio# Lc iutrl$ Kblu c(lst pns sludlolct dl

ìcklolct tjâirbqul kl d(iedbhntbic$ aiool bd piurrnbt d(çtrl

kncs quldqul kiatrbcl aictlopirnbcl# Kblu n pnrdâ$ lt dls dbvrls

snbcts ict rlaulbddb sn pnridl# A(lst dí qul sict bcsarbts cis klvibrs

k(ucl `nèic pdus lxpdbabtl qul kncs citrl rnbsic *>"# Al sict

k(nbddlurs dl pdus siuvlct dls oçols klvibrs$ lt d(Âarbturl cl

`nbt qul aic`brolr ucl râvâdntbic cnturlddl *5"# Qic nutirbtâ c(lc

trncajl pns oibcs tiutls dls kb``baudtâs plcknctls lctrl dls

pjbdisipjls *1"$ lt$ dí ibb lddl bctlrvblct$ tiutl kbsaussbic lst

vnbcl lt bopbl# Klvnct lddl dn rnbsic pdbl iu pdblrn# Dn oirndl

lst râvâdâl aiool dn rldbhbic nvla dnqulddl lddl sl aicìck# Lddl

vblct k(lc jnut$ kbt citrl snbct$ aiool ucl risâl kbvbcl *;"#‛

Onbs al anrnatêrl snarâ kls tlxtls râvâdâs sl aiooucbqulrn

eblctût$ pnr ucl sirtl kl aictnhbic$ nux âarbts klsprloblrs

kâ`lcslurs kl dn ìb# Qnbct Noeribsl klonckl kls lcslbhclolcts

nux npûtrls$ í snbct ]nud surtiut *<"$ lt dls rlèibt cic aiool

kls ipbcbics juonbcls$ onbs aiool kls irnadls# Nbcsb s(najêvl

plu í plu dl anrnatêrl k(ucl oirndl ìckâl sur dn trnkbtbic#

Eblctût al slrict dls ]êrls$ aiool snbct Noeribsl dub/oçol$

iu aiool snbct Nuhustbc$ pubs dls kiatlurs kict ic bcviqulrn

nvla siuobssbic dls guhlolcts# \c oirndbstl cl slrn pdus

qu(uc aiopbdntlur lt uc bctlrprêtl# [lddl lst kâgí d(bkâl qul

snbct Noeribsl sl `nbt kl sic rûdl lt kl sic dbvrl# ]nr uc pjâ/

cioêcl aicaiobtnct$ dl rlssirt kl d(nutirbtâ s(âtlckrn kl pdus

lc pdus$ kls qulstbics kl aickubtl nux priedêols purlolct

tjâirbquls# Ublc c(âajnppl pdus í al arbtârbuo ciuvlnu# Cius

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``$ B$ 1 6 td$ <$ 0;$ 01#

*5"Bk#$ B$ 1=$ >=:#

*1" jd$ BB$ :#

*;" jG#$ B$ >01#

*<"b*b#$ B$ <:$ 8:$ >;1$ >:1$ lta#



]UBCAB]LQ CI\PLN\Z# 1=>

tiuajics bab nux aicsâqulcals udtbols kl d(nppnrbtbic adncs

d(lsprbt juonbc kl alt âdâolct nvla dlquld dls pjbdisipdbbls

ncablccls cl aioptnblct pns$ dn ìb# Kl d(bcadbcntbic í aribrl lt

í ieâbr$ kict Kblu ùt k(neirk d(ucbqul ieglt$ cnãtrict kls

jnebtukls kl kiabdbtâ bctlopârnctl# Ic `nbt kb``babdlolct í

d(nutirbtâ sn pnrt$ cic pdus k(nbddlurs qu(í dn arbtbqul lt í dn

rnbsic#

Dn pjbdisipjbl ajrâtblccl$ nvla d(lxbstlcal kl Kblu$ n lcslbhcâ

d(booirtndbtâ kl d(åol# D(nccical k(ucl nutrl vbl$ k(uc rêhcl kl

dn gustbal$ kl gibls âtlrclddls piur dls âdus$ tlddl ùt dn eiccl

ciuvlddl qub$ kl priajl lc priajl$ sl râpnckbt$ lt aicqubt nu

ajrbstbncbsol dls åols nvbkls k(lspârncal# Cius nvics vu

nbddlurs *t" qul quldqul aicùsbic s(âtnedbt kncs d(lsprbt kl

snbct Noeribsl lctrl dl kihol pjbdisipjbqul kl dn vbl jlurlusl

lt dl kihol ajrâtblc kl dn vbl ùturl 6 onbs$ qunck bd s(n``rncajbt

kl sls siuvlcbrs adnssbquls$ bd pnrdl trip adnbrlolct$ lt kês dl

kâeut ku trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs$ piur c(çtrl pns lctlcku *5"# Kbsics

k(uc oit qu(í alttl ariyncal ciuvlddl lst susplckul dn aickubtl

lctbêrl# Lddl lst piur alux qub siu``rlct ucl aicsidntbic$ piur

k(nutrls ucl olcnal 6 í tius lddl nppirtl dn alrtbtukl kl dn

gustbal *1"# Bd lst bcaictlstnedl qul alttl alrtbtukl oçdl quldqul

bctârçt í dn vlrtu# Onbs qu(bopirtl sb alt bctârçt prikubt dls

oçols lb`lts qul dl kâsbctârlsslolct9 Bd c(nenbssl pns$ bd cl

dbl pns6 bd kâdbvrl# Lt a(lst uc sarupudl tiut tjâirbqul qul citrl

nkobrntbic âpriuvl lc `nal k(ucl eiccl natbic qub c(lst pns

câl ku slud rlsplat kl dn dib lt ku slud noiur kl Kblu# K(nbddlurs

alttl spâaudntbic sur d(âtlrcbtâ c(nppnrnãt pns ajlz snbct

Noeribsl nvla dn oûol erutndbtâ qul ajlz Dnatncal# Al oitb`

cl prbol pns dls nutrls nu pibct kl dls kâpiubddlr ku oârbtl qub

*>" Pibr kncs dl ajnpbtrl prâaâklct$ dl kâvldipplolct bctbdudâ 7 dl Qtiéabsol

kl snbct Noeribsl#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl i``#$ d$ <2#

*1" Bk#$ B$ 52$ Db2$ >5b$ lta#




plut s(nttnajlr í lux6 onbs bd lst dn rlssiural suprçol$ dl dlvblrqub olt [íol ajrâtblccl í dn jnutlur kls klvibrs kb``babdls *>"# Lt bd

c(lst pns brrlsplatulux k(n``brolr qul dls ajrâtblcs ict kö í d(lspâ/

rncal$ qub dls lcajnctnbt$ dlur aiurnhl sncs rnbklur$ dlur sârâ/

cbtâ lt aiool dlur lctrnbc kncs dn siu``rncal lt kncs dl snarb`bal#

A(lst qul d(nttlctl kncs dnqulddl bds vbvlct arâl kls olsurls

ciuvlddls piur plcslr lt piur slctbr# Dl eicjlur nvnbt âtâ$ k(ucl

`nèic pdus iu oibcs nviuâl$ dl siuvlrnbc eblc piursubvb pnr

tiutls dls oirndls nctbquls# Dlur kâsbctârlsslolct c(nddnbt

gnonbs dibc$ iu cl `ut qu(uc kâtiur# Dl stiéabsol lst uc ciedl

l``irt piur triuvlr dl eicjlur kncs dn vlrtu oûol 6 onbs$ lc

kâ`bcbtbvl$ a(lst lcairl dl eicjlur qu(bd ajlrajl$ lt bd npplddl dn

vbl eiccl dn vbl jlurlusl# Lc rlcicènct piur dn vbl prâslctl í

al eicjlur rçvâ$ lt lc rlolttnct í ucl nutrl vbl dn rândbsntbic

kl dâhbtbols lspârncals$ dl ajrbstbncbsol n kâenrrnssâ dn oirndl

ku priedêol kb``babdl qub aicsbstl í aicabdblr d(utbdl lt d(jiccçtl#

Bd n sâpnrâ dn vlrtu ku eicjlur$ dlur nssbhcnct kls pdnals

kncs klux vbls kbstbcatls$ nu pibct kl cl pdus bcsbstlr nsslz sur

dls gibls kâgí pnrnkbsbnquls qul dn vlrtu triuvl$ sncs nttlckrl$

lc lddl/oçol#

Bd âtnedbt nu aictrnbrl ucl sirtl k(âqubvndlcal lctrl dl oârbtl

lt dn siu``rncal$ gusqu(í prikubrl uc vârbtnedl rlcvlrslolct kl

cis bcstbcats lt cius `nbrl nddlr nu/klvnct kl al qub lst dl pdusaictrnbrl í citrl cnturl# Dn siu``rncal âtnct uc hnhl prbs sur

d(nvlcbr *5"$ ic s(lxpdbqul alttl kiualur qub lst lc lddl aiool

uc nvnct/hiöt kls trbiopjls qu(lddl nssurl# Onbs$ pnr uc pjâci/

oêcl psyajidihbqul$ kict Qtunrt Obdd n kâoictrâ dl oâancbsol$

ic lc vblct í nbolr kncs dn siu``rncal dn siu``rncal lddl/oçol#

Lddl lst$ kbt snbct Noeribsl$ d(nssnbsicclolct k(ucl eiccl

aicsablcal *1"# Lddl kiccl í dn vlrtu ku rldbl`# Lddl dub arâl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ >:5#

*5" Gk#$ Bd$ P#

*1"X#$ BB$ >5#



]UBCAB]LQ CI\PLN\Z# 1=1

nussb uc obdblu pripbal$ tnckbs qul dls eblcs k(bab/ens dub sictnutnct k(iestnadls# Lddl n pnr lddl/oçol quldqul ajisl kl

oirnd# K(iò d(bkâl vblckrn í quldquls ucs kl dn rlajlrajlr lt

kl dn priviqulr# Dl stiéabsol siutlcnbt qul dn kiudlur c(ûtl rblc

nu aictlctlolct ku snhl# Bd nppnrtlcnbt nu ajrbstbncbsol kl

triuvlr qu(lddl y ngiutl# Al ùt alttl ìbs dn râùtntbic lt dn

rubcl kâ`bcbtbvl kl d(jâkicbsol# ]âcâtrics pdus nvnct kncs al

oystêrl kl dn siutãrncal# Dn pjbdisipjbl ku ajrbstbncbsol lt

sic jbstibrl sict k(naairk piur `nbrl rlssirtbr dn ìral bctrbcsêqul

qub lst lc lddl$ lt sls oystbquls l``lts# Dl Ajrbst n vnbcau pnr

dn oirt$ lt dl ajrbstbncbsol n hrnckb kncs dn plrsâautbic# Qludl

dn siu``rncal vblct í eiut ku ond$ kl aldub qub lst lc cius aioolkl aldub qub lst jirs kl cius# Qludl lddl rnajêtl lt lddl kâdbvrl# Dl

eicjlur$ kncs dn pjbdisipjbl k(Nrbstitl$ n quldqul ajisl kl

snarâ$ kl kbvbc *>"$ lt tiutls dls pjbdisipjbls nctbquls ict$ í ucklhrâ quldaicqul$ pnrtnhâ alttl suplrstbtbic# A(lst onbctlcnct

dn siu``rncal qub lst snbctl lt qub lst kbvbcl#

Dl kihol kl dn vbl ùturl lut sur cis bkâls k(nutrls l``lts# Bd

obt d(jiool í pnrt kncs dn arântbic$ slud booirtld lc `nal

k(çtrls lt kl oickls pârbssnedls# Dl tiut lst `nbt piur dub$ lt cic

dub piur dl tiut# Dls `bcs kl d(ucbvlrs sict kâpdnaâls$ lt dls

spdlcklurs ku Aisois$ tnct vnctâls pnr dls stiéablcs$ pådbsslctaiopnrâls í ucl åol booirtlddl# D(nvlcbr qub dub lst priobs

`nbt kl d(jiool ucl hrnckl ajisl lt$ aiool kbt snbct Noeribsl$

dl ajl`/k(őuvrl kl Kblu *5"# Qls natls ict uc bc`bcb rltlctbssl/

olct$ bd cl trnvnbddl pdus lc vnbc$ piur dn oirt$ onbs piur

d(âtlrcbtâ# Lc oçol tlops$ dl pridichlolct kl dn plrsplatbvl

kiccl í tius cis slctbolcts ucl piâsbl lt ucl priìcklur í

dnqulddl cl pluvlct prâtlckrl alux qub sl snvlct âpjâoêrls#

*>" %Lttbv t_ s(ginb6b#iv(.n twv /•#•g#(xiv )#nd [ã)#LÃìv# NubQ[I[F$ Ldj# bP *((%#$

B$ ZB$ 8#

*5" Onhcuo lrhi ipus Klb ls$ jioi# Qnbct Noefibsf$ Bc ]sndcb# AZPddd$#

slroi Z$ § > > 6 A`# Qnbct Ensbdl$ Jio# bc ]sndo# DZPBBB$ § :# Oâyn nvIpw/i6#



1=; DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

D(nu/kldí pâcêtrl kncs dn vbl prâslctl$ lt lc lxndtl tiutls dls

n``latbics#

Onbs sb tiut al qub kncs d(jiool rlhnrkl d(âtlrcbtâ rlèibt

k(lddl ucl vlrtu bcaiopnrnedl$ dl oickl$ nu aictrnbrl$ lst

kâprâabâ pnr dn aicsbkârntbic klvlcul pdus slcsbedl kl sn `rnhb/

dbtâ# >> lst piur d(jiool uc nsbdl trncsbtibrl$ uc dblu k(âprluvl#

Dls onux sluds qu(ic y lckurl ict uc slcs# Dl eicjlur qu(bd

kiccl lst uc olcsichl iu ucl olcnal# Kls jlurlux kl al

oickl bd lst âarbt lc l``lt qu(bds ict lu dlur râaioplcsl *>"#

Kl dí ucl pjbdisipjbl ajnhrbcl$ kbsics dl oit 7 uc vârbtnedl

plssbobsol# Dl eicjlur c(âtnct pdus dl eicjlur$ qul pluvlct

eblc çtrl dls pdnbsbrs qub lc sict dn oiccnbl9 Nussb cl sblk/bd

pns k(çtrl hnb# ]dusblurs kls vlrtus ajrâtblccls$ juobdbtâ$

râsbhcntbic$ sict loprlbctls kl trbstlssl# \c laadâsbnstbqul

surtiut$ sldic snbct Noeribsl$ kibt âvbtlr kl rbrl$ kl pdnbsnc/

tlr# « Ondjlur í vius qub rblz$ n kbt dl Qlbhclur$ anr vius pdlu/rlrlz *5"# ¶ Al tlxtl$ pdusblurs ìbs abtâ$ cius priuvl qul al

c(lst pns sludlolct nu slctbolct rionbc kl dn rlsplatnebdbtâ

qu(ieâbt bab snbct Noeribsl# K(nbddlurs snbct Ensbdl nvnct dub

nvnbt `nbt dls oûols kâ`lcsls$ qub klvblckrict$ kncs dls irkrls

rldbhblux tiut nu oibcs$ ucl vârbtnedl trnkbtbic *1"#

Bd `nut sl kâ`blr kl oçol kl tiut al qu(nbolct dls jiools$

lt nussb kl al qu(bds jicirlct# Dn hdibrl juonbcl$ dls ipbcbics

juonbcls sict vncbtâ *;"# Dn sablcal *sb d(ic lctlck pnr al oit

al qu(bd sbhcb`bl$ dn sablcal lt cic dn ìb" lst uc tbssu k(iesau/

rbtâs lt kl ùtbdbtâs *<"# ûnct í dn elnutâ$ í dn elnutâ pjysbqul$

snbct Noeribsl kâadnrl cl pibct aioprlckrl dl ansqul Abaâric

*>" Qnbct Nofribsl$ Kl i``#$ Bd$ 5#

*5"O#$B$ >=5/>=16 A`# B$ i2#

*1" Pibr$ kncs d(âkbtbic Obhcl$ dn citl sl rnppirtnct nu tlxtl qul ciusvlcics kl abtlr$ B$ >=5#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ BB$ 5#

{<"bk#$d$ >55#



]UBCAB]LQ CI\PLN\Z# 1=<

pnrnbt lc `nbrl *d"# Qiuvicics/cius qul kls ajrâtblcs nctârblurs

í snbct Ncberibsl$ lt k(uc lsprbt oibcs pickârâ qul dl sblc$

nvnblct viuâ í dn elnutâ ucl sirtl kl jnbcl# Bd c(lst pns gus/

qu(nux dblcs kl dn `nobddl qub$ s(bd s(nhbt kuc prçtrl *5"$ cl

plrklct kl dlur ìral# A(lst dl knchlr kl alrtnbcs klvibrs$ aiool

sict dls sblcs$ k(lc l``nalr k(nutrls$ lt kl trip sbopdb`blr dn vbl

oirndl# Aiool tiut plssbobsol lc`bc$ dl plssbobsol ajrâtblc

s(lc prlck nux `lools$ bd lc n plur# Lddls sict dn anusl kltius dls sanckndls$ dl alctrl kl alttl vbl ku oickl qub lst piur

d(íol ajrâtblccl uc plrpâtuld knchlr *1"# A(lst ucl rêhdl hâcâ/

rndl qul dls lcclobs ku oickl siblct dls lcclobs kls `lools#

Dl plssbobsol ajrâtblc$ ic dl vibt kâgí$ lst oibcs dn aicstn/

tntbic kl citrl bcìrtucl qul alddl kl citrl plrvlrsbtâ# Lc aldn

bd n uc anrnatêrl pdus oirnd qul dls ìrols oiklrcls ku plssb/

obsol# Qn trbstlssl lst k(uc nutrl irkrl$ lt pdus `âaickl# Kncsdl slctbolct ku pâajâ bd y n kâgí lc l``lt aiool uc nppâtbt

kl râkloptbic$ lt dl ajrbstbncbsol lst d(jbstibrl oçol kls

subtls jlurlusls kl dn `nutl irbhbclddl# @âdbx audpn. Nussb

nurbics/cius kö aioolcalr pnr dn kiatrbcl ku pâajâ$ aiool

pnr sic vârbtnedl aioolcalolct$ d(lxpisâ kl alttl oâtnpjysbqul

ajrâtblccl$ sb cius cl cius âtbics nstrlbct í cl ajlrajlr$ piur

dl oiolct$ alttl oâtnpjysbqul qul kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs

kl snbct Noeribsl$ lt í cl rblc kbrl qu(bd cl dnbssl lctlckrl# Ir

bd `nut nviulr qul dn kiatrbcl ku pâajâ c(y lst huêrl qu(í d(âtnt

kl sius/lctlcku# Aldn k(nbddlurs c(lst pns pnrtbaudblr í al dbvrl$

cb í alt nutlur# Nvnct snbct Nuhustbc$ dn aicsablcal kl citrl

kâprnvntbic c(iesêkl pns dn plcsâl ajrâtblccl$ aiool lddl

d(iesâklrn nprês dub$ aiool lddl d(iesâklrn surtiut nu tlops kl

dn râìrol lt ku gncsâcbsol# Onbs aldn oçol lst bctârlssnct í

citlr# \c kihol$ qub eblctût sloedlrn tbrlr í dub tiut dl ajrbs/

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kli``#$ d$ J(#b#

*5" Bk#$ 5;6g lt slq#

*1" Bk#$ :8#

\cbvlrsbtâ kl Dyic# ‛ PBBB# N# 5=




tbncbsol$ c(nppnrnãt nvla snbct Noeribsl qu(nu slaick pdnc kl

dn aicsablcal rldbhblusl$ aiool sb lctrl dls kb``ârlcts kihols

ajrâtblcs bd y nvnbt ucl sirtl kl duttl piur dn prââobclcal$ lt

kl suaalssbic kncs d(lopbrl lxlraâ sur dls åols# [iutlìbs$

oçol kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs$ kncs al dbvrl stiéablc$ dl pâajâ

lst rlprâslctâ aiool ucl rândbtâ$ lt dn ajnbr aiool d(nddbâl ku

pâajâ# Bd cius `nut tulr dn ajnbr piur tulr dl pâajâ$ lt aio/

olcalr pnr oiurbr í cius/oçols piur cnãtrl í ucl vbl

olbddlurl *>"# Cius viyics nbcsb dn aicalptbic kundbstl kl citrl

cnturl sl `nbrl ucl pdnal gusqul kncs uc dbvrl bcspbrâ k(ucl pjb/

disipjbl tiut ippisâl#

Kncs al oçol trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs dl kâoic nppnrnãt aiool

dn plrsiccb`bantbic ku ond# Qic bonhl lt alddl ku Ajrbst sl

kbsputlct citrl åol *5"# Lt snbct Noeribsl cius kâarbt dl sbêhl

snvnct qu(bd `nbt kl cis vidictâs# « Bd lxalddl í sl slrvbr kls

nrols qul cius dub kiccics aictrl cius/oçols# Bd nttbsl dn

jnbcl lt dn aidêrl# Ol slct/bd brrbtâ$ dl vibdí qub nrrbvl aiool

sb gl d(nppldnbs# Nb/gl dnbssâ âajnpplr quldqul boplrtbclcal$ bd

o(lxabtl lcairl$ ol oictrl dls oiylcs kl piursubvrl on vlc/

hlncal6 lt$ plcknct qul gl d(âaiutl$ lt qul als slctbolcts

o(lctrlct kncs dl aőur$ bd slrrl nutiur kl oib sls `bdlts$ lt

o(lctrnãcl í dn oirt kl d(åol *1"# ¶ ‛ K(ibã bd râsudtl qul dn

vlrtu lst ucl duttl plrpâtulddl aictrl uc lcclob tiugiurs nux

nhults$ uc vrnb aioent *;"# Lddl aicsbstl í sl kâ`blr$ í râsbstlr$

í sl vnbcarl sib/oçol# Lddl plrk al anrnatêrl kl pnbx lt k(jnr/

oicbl qub$ kncs d(nctbqubtâ$ lc ùt d(nttrbeut lsslctbld# Lddl c(n

pdus sic arbtârbuo kncs dn aicìrobtâ í dn cnturl# Anr alttl

cnturl n âtâ airriopul$ lt qunck eblc oûol alddl qub lst

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ >:<# Pibr Klutsaj$ Kl Noerisbb kiatrbcn kl

plaanti lt plaantiruo rlobssbicl *bc ]rihrnoontl hyocnsbbr lhbb Ginajbobab

Elridbclcsbs"$ >:08#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$ B$ 5;;#

*1" O#$ ><$ >0 ltslq#

*;" O#$ i:/<2$ >:5$




sirtbl kls onbcs kl Kblu löt âtâ ucl aicslbddêrl boplaanedl$

al c(lst pdus í alddl/dí qul cius nvics n`[nbrl# Al kiuedl slcs

ku oit cnturl c(lc n pns oibcs plrobs í snbct Noeribsl kl

pnrdlr k(nutrls ìbs uc dnchnhl k(nppnrlcal tiutl stiéablccl#

K(nbddlurs dls stiéablcs nvnblct$ lux nussb$ aiopnrâ dn vlrtu í

uc aioent$ lt$ sb dls Hrlas c(nvnblct dls prloblrs lopdiyâ

alttl aiopnrnbsic$ dls Uionbcs sörlolct d(nurnblct bcvlctâl *>"#

Onbs ic cl vibt pns adnbrlolct kncs dl stiéabsol aictrl qub

cius cius enttics# Ublc kl pdus adnbr kncs ucl pjbdisipjbl

kundbstl# ]âajâ$ kâoic$ ajnbr iò bds râhclct$ cnturl kâgí siubd/

dâl pnr lux$ vibdí cis lcclobs# Nussb alttl aicalptbic nsaâtbqul$

lt piur nbcsb kbrl ntjdâtbqul *5" kl dn vlrtu klvblct/lddl adnssb/

qul kncs dn oirndl ajrâtblccl# Al c(lst pdus ucl aiopnrnbsic$

a(lst ucl kâ`bcbtbic#

Dibc kl cius dn plcsâl k(lssnylr kl aicabdblr als prbcabpls kl

dn oirndl kl snbct Noeribsl nvla quldquls nutrls qu(bd n$ k(ucl

`nèic pdus iu oibcs aicsablctl$ lopructâs í Abaâric# Cius

c(nurbics oûol pns tiugiurs dn rlssiural kl triuvlr klux slcs nu

oçol oit$ aiool cius d(nvics `nbt nvla al oit kl cnturl

piur lxpdbqulr d(ndtlrcncal kl tlckncals cnturndbstls lt nctb/

cnturndbstls ajlz citrl nutlur# Bd vnut oblux aicstntlr qul

snbct Noeribsl$ c(nynct vu cuddl pnrt kl aictrnkbatbic$ c(npibct tlctâ k(lc râsiukrl# Bd kâkubt cis klvibrs kl citrl

rnbsic$ kl citrl cnturl$ pubs kl d(lxbstlcal kl Kblu lt kl

sls vidictâs# Bd ngiutl í dn sncatbic stiéablccl kl dn aicsablcal

dn sncatbic ajrâtblccl kl dn vbl ùturl$ sncs iuedblr dn sncatbic

gubvl kls râaioplcsls tlrrlstrls# Bd kâ`bcbt dn vlrtu pnr al oit

sbhcb`bantb` kl kâairuoS lt suebt lc oçol tlops$ lt râpnck$ qub

pdus lst$ dn aictnhbic kls vlrtus nsaâtbquls# Bd lst piur dn vblnatbvl$ lt piur dn vbl bctârblurl# Lt lc `nbt$ cius d(nvics vu$ bd n

su olclr d(ucl lt d(nutrl$ aiool sb dl dnchnhl olttnbt pnrìbs kls

*>" Pibr pdusblurs tlxtls abtâs pnr Nuelrtbc$ Qâcêqul lt Qnbct ]nud$ p# 1==#

*5" Ajrbstb ntdbdltn$ Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl i``#$T$ >:5#



1=: DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ « KLQ KLPIBUQ ¶#

nctbtj*Ssasdí iò$ kncs dn rândbtl$ bd c(y n pibct k(ippisbtbic râlddl#

Al qu(bd `nut kbrl a(lst qul d(bcddulcal abaâricblccl$ gibctl í

ucl ìrtl âkuantbic adnssbqul$ gibctl í uc rlsplat bccâ kl tiutl

trnkbtbic$ n kâ`lcku snbct Noeribsl aictrl d(lsprbt kl systêol

lt aictrl d(neus kl quldq$uls ucls kls bkâls ciuvlddls# Dl stiéabsol$

dí iò bd s(ippisnbt í alrtnbcls tlckncals ajrâtblccls$ giun kncs

d(lsprbt k(Noeribsl dl rûdl kl oikârntlur# >> d(aopêajn k(nddlr

gusqu(nu eiut kl dn jnbcl kl dn cnturl$ kl dn elnutâ$ kl dn ajnbr

oçol# Bd ùt al rlstl ku pnssâ qub$ lc sl oçdnct í kls ciuvlnu/tâs$ dlur slrt pdutût qu(bd cl dlur cubt$ pnral qu(nbcsb dls trnc/

sbtbics sict oâcnhâls$ lt qul tiut prâtlxtl lst ûtâ nux rltiurs

i``lcsb`s kl dn trnkbtbic# Nbcsb dls systêols kl oirndl cl pâcê/

trlct gnonbs tiut k(ucl pbêal kncs dn prntbqul$ lt cius vbvics

kl aiopriobs#

Q(bd cius `nddnbt guhlr dl dbvrl k(Noeribsl aiool uc dbvrl kl

tjâirbl oirndl$ aiool cius guhlics d(őuvrl k(uc Qpbcizn iuk(uc Fnct$ cius slrbics ajiquâs í eic kribt k(y triuvlr sb

plu kl dihbqul lt kl aijâsbic# Onbs a(lst ucl őuvrl k(uc nutrl

hlcrl$ supârblurl lc uc slcs$ sb pnrnkixndl qul pubssl pnrnãtrl

alttl n``brontbic$ őuvrl vbvnctl lt vâaul$ iò dls kiatrbcls sl

tidêrlct lt sl aioebclct aiool kncs dn rândbtâ kl cis aics/

ablcals# Dn aicsablcal lc l``lt cl aioolcal í siu``rbr kl dn

ailxbstlcal lc lddl kl prbcabpls jârbtâs kl abvbdbsntbics lt kl

pjbdisipjbls kbvlrsls qul dirsqu(nuaucl jbârnrajbl cl s(âtnedbt

lctrl lux$ lt dirsqul$ lc ans kl aic`dbt$ lddl cl snbt nuquld ieâbr#

Onbs dn aicsablcal ku bv'% sbêadl n kncs dn pjbdisipjbl ajrâtblccl

sic pûdl boounedl# Lddl âpriuvl k(nutnct oibcs dl elsibc k(çtrl

systâontbqul qulddl lst oibcs bcalrtnbcl lt oibcs enddittâl#

A(lst piurquib lddl dnbssl vbvrl lc lddl$ sncs dlur kloncklr dlur

privlcncal$ kls bkâls lt kls slctbolcts qu(lddl `bt ajrâtblcs pnr

sic nkiptbic$ qub$ pnr kribt k(irbhbcl$ cl d(âtnblct pibct#

Lt alttl aiopdlxbtâ kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl$ c(nddnct gnonbs

gusqu(í d(ncnrajbl$ ùt uc kls âdâolcts kl sn ìral lt kl sn




kurâl# Dn vbl lt dn dihbagul ict nbcsb kls lxbhlcals aictrnbrls#

Ir snbct Noeribsl$ qub c(lst pns uc pjbdisipjl$ c(âarbt pns

piur kls pjbdisipjls$ lt sls Klvibrs cl sict pns piur çtrl

kbsautâs$ onbs piur çtrl prntbquâs# ]dus rbhiurluslolct kâkubt$

d(lcslbhclolct qulcius vlcics k(âtukblrsius sls kbvlrs nsplats$

löt oibcs `bkêdlolct rlprâslctâ uc oiolct kl dn aicsablcal

juonbcl#



AJN]B[UL PBB

DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQLK(N]UÊQ QLQ N\[ULQ ÂAUB[Q#

Ultrncajics pnr jypitjêsl dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs kl d(őuvrl kl

snbct Noeribsl$ aicsbkârics sn oirndl tlddl qu(lddl slrnbt lc

kljirs kl al trnbtâ$ lt aiopnrics alttl ciuvlddl oirndl kl snbct

Noeribsl í alddl qul cius vlcics k(âtukblr$ cius nurics ol/

surâ ndirs nvla lxnatbtukl kl aioeblc d(bc`dulcal kl Abaâric$

orol aioenttul lt slaiuâl$ n `nbt kâvblr sn kiatrbcl# Alttl

aiopnrnbsic kl snbct Noeribsl nvla snbct Noeribsl vn cius

plrolttrl lc iutrl kl rltriuvlr$ oçol lc cius eircnct nux

bc`dulcals pjbdisipjbquls$ alddls qub ict kbsputâ í d(lsprbt kl

d(Iaabklct sn plcsâl$ a(lst/í/kbrl dn plcsâl ku bv% sbêadl tiut

lctblr# Lddl vn cius `nbrl prlsslctbr lc oçol tlops dls kbrlatbics

qul k(nutrls kicclrict í dn oirndl ajrâtblccl lt qub prâvnu/

krict$ sncs lopçajlr tiutl`ibs dl trnbtâ Kls Kâviuns kl rlstlr

ucl őuvrl adnssbqul pnrob dls ajrâtblcs lt kl plrpâtulr

ondhrâ tiut$ lt ondhrâ dub/oçol$ dn trnkbtbic qu(bd rlprâslctl$

B

Âarbts kbvlrs#

Bd s(lc `nut kl elnuaiup qul snbct Noeribsl c(nbt lu nvla

d(nctbqubtâ qul kls rldntbics kl jnsnrk kict dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs

slrnbt dl râsudtnt# ]iur prâvlcbr tiutl bctlrprâtntbic lxalssbvl



1>5 DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

kls kâvldipplolcts qub vict subvrl$ aioolcèics pnr oictrlr

kncs snbct Noeribsl uc adnssbqul bopâcbtlct$ lt qul dls siu/

vlcbrs kl sic âkuantbic piursubvlct# D(bobtntbic qu(bd `bt ku Kl

I``babbs kl Abaâric c(lst pns ucl surprbsl lt aiool uc naabklct

kncs sn vbl# Bd n bobtâ Abaâric k(nutrls ìbs$ quibqul nvla oibcs

kl subtl$ lt bd lc n bobtâ eblc k(nutrls# Cius cl pnrdics piur dl

oiolct eblc lctlcku qul kls bobtntbics kl oikêdls adnssbquls#

]iur Abaâric tiutlìbs bd slrnbt pdus lxnat kl pnrdlr k(nddusbics

lt k(bcspbrntbic qul k(bobtntbic priprlolct kbtl# Bd rnaictl kls

nclakitls$ bd abtl kls ipbcbics qu(bd tblct kl dub *>"# Bd sl rlc/

aictrl nvla dub k(ucl `nèic qub slrnbt lxtrnirkbcnbrl sb als

rlcaictrls c(âtnblct kls lopructs *5"# Al sict dls [tbsaudncls {1"S

a(lst dl trnbtâ Kl dn Uâpuedbqul *;"$ a(lst dl trnbtâ Kl @Nobtbâ *i"

*cius lc nvics kâgí lu dn prluvl kncs sic trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs"$

qu(bd sloedl nvibr dl pdus prâslcts í d(lsprbt# Onbs bd sl siuvblct

nussb kls Kbsaiurs*0"$

lt als trnals bcvidictnbrls kl dlaturls

ncablccls sncs kiutl priuvlct plut/çtrl pdus qul cl priuvlrnbt

ucl bobtntbic pdus ìrolddl# ‛ Onbs a(lst ucl bobtntbic três

`bkêdl qu(bd `nbt kncs ucl kl sls dlttrls kl dn aâdêerl aicsidntbic

nkrlssâl pnr Qudpbabus í Abaâric sur dn oirt kl sn `bddl [uddbn#

Al cl sict pns sludlolct dls çtrls juonbcs$ onbs dls vbddls qub

olurlct6 lt bd sl rlprâslctl í sic tiur$ nprês nvibr dichâ tnct

kl rubcls lt$ aiool bd kbt$ tnct kl anknvrls kl vbddls$ pdus pâcâ/

trâ kl d(ucbvlrslddl `rnhbdbtâ# Bd tbrl kl dí uc oitb` tiut pnélc

kl râsbhcntbic nuquld bd ngiutl alux qul dl ajrbstbncbsol

nppirtl *8"# Al hlcrl oçol kl dn aicsidntbic lst$ ic dl snbt$ uc

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbrhbcbeus$ BB$ 1;6 BBB$ >26 Kl lxalssu `rndrbs$

BB$ 1<#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbrhbcbtntl$ 51#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl lxalssu `rntrbs$ BB$ >5#

*;" Bk#$ 52#

*<" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Qpbrbtu Qncati$ BB$ ><;#

*0" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl iebtu Pndlctbcbncb$ >=#

*8" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ ZZZBZ$ 1#



ÂAUB[Q KBPLUQ# 1>1

hlcrl tiut nctbqul kict snbct Noeribsl nvnbt kö rlalvibrkls

rjâtlurs dn trnkbtbic#

Dls âarbts kl Abaâric cl `bhurlct pibct piur snbct Noeribsl

tiutl dn pjbdisipjbl$ quibqul$ cius [nvics kbt$ lctrl dn pjbdisi/

pjbl hrlaqul lt dl ajrbstbncbsol$ Abaâric nbt dl pdus siuvlct

slrvb kl truajlolct# Bd `nut suppislr nu oibcs qul snbct

Noeribsl n aiccu dls âarbvnbcs qu(bd pbddl *>"$ sbcic tius alux

qu(bd aictrlkbt#

ûnctí abtlr

uc ncablc lc d(nppriuvnct$bd

cldl `nbt k(irkbcnbrl qu(í aickbtbic kl ajlrajlr nussbtût uc plr/

siccnhl kl rÂarbturl qub nbt sur dub dn prbirbtâ$ lt bd rââkbtl

alttl tjêsl kls lopructs kict cius snvics d(irbhbcl *5"# Al sict

dls oûols priaâkâs qul kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs# Ajnqul

abtntbic nbcsb aioolctâl sl triuvl kica tâoibhclr kl dn kiuedl

audturl kl snbct Noeribsl# Dn abtntbic vblct kl sic âkuantbic

adnssbqul$ dl aioolctnbrl vblct kl ]jbdic# Nvla ]dntic tiutlìbs lt

nvla dls stiéablcs$ bd dub nrrbvl k(lopructlr sncs kbsautlr# ûnck

bd trnbtl kl d(booirtndbtâ kl d(åol$ dls nrhuolcts lt dls bonhls

kl ]dntic vblcclct cnturlddlolct í sn plcsâl$ aiool piur

onrqulr d(irbhbcl lc pnrtbl pjbdisipjbqul kl al kihol

ajrâtblc *1"# Ribdí piur ]dntic# Pibab onbctlcnct piur dls

stiéablcs 7 tiut uc âarbt$ aldub qub lst bctbtudâ Gnaie lt kl dn

Pbl jlurlusl#. lst pdlbc kls pnrnkixls aiccus sur dl eicjlur kusnhl qu(nuaucl obsêrl c(nttlbct *;"# Oçol sur dl ajlvndlt kl

tirturl bd lst jlurlux *<"# Qlud bd lst dberl *0"# Qlud bd lst rib *8"#

Bab al c(lst pns sludlolct dn ìrol qub lst trip rlaiccnbssnedl

piur qu(ic lc pubssl aictlstlr d(irbhbcl# Onbs dl ìck oûol$

*>" ]nr lxlopdl Jârikitl$ Lp#$ ZPBBB$ 1>#

*5" Qnbct NOboibQL$ Kl jici oirtbs$ >2$ bbd 6 Kl vbvhbcbtnta$ >>>6 Lp#$

ZZZPBBB$ 8#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl lxalssbb `rntrbs$ B$ 856 BB$ 1<#

*;" Qnbct Noubbibsb7$ Kl Gnaie$ vibr surtiut B$ vu lt vbbb#

*<" Qnbct Noeuibsl$ Kl bctlrpaddntobl Gie lt Knvbk$ BP$ 1#

*0" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Gnaie$ BB$ >5#

*8" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ ZZZPBBB$ :#



1>; DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

bkâls lt slctbolcts$ lst stiéablc lt c(lst qul stiéablc# Dl ajrâ/

tblc c(n pns alttl irhulbddlusl bcslcsbebdbtâ# A(lst lcairl ucl

tjâirbl stiéablccl$ lt `râquloolct lxprboâl pnr Onra/Nurêdl$

qul alddl kict Noeribsl tbrl pnrtb kncs sic trnbtâ Ku Eblc`nbt

kl dn oirt *>"$ í snvibr qul al cl sict pns dls ieglts lt dls âvâ/

clolcts lxtârblurs qub anuslct citrl trbstlssl$ onbs d(ipbcbic

qul cius cius `nbsics k(lux# Lt cius iolttics kl pnrdlr kls

kâ`bcbtbics lt kls citbics qub vblcclct aiool cnturlddlolct

sius dn pduol kl citrl snbct lt kicclct k(nutnct oblux í sicdnchnhl uc nbr stiéablc *5"#‛ Kbsics lc`bc qul alrtnbcls tjêsls qub

c(nppnrtblcclct lc priprl í nuaucl pjbdisipjbl ncablccl$ onbs

qub nppnrtblcclct eblc í d(nctbqubtâ abraudlct kncs dls iuvrnhls

kl snbct Noeribsl lt y sict dn onrqul k(uc lsprbt rlstâ adnssb/

#qul 7 «Dn vlrtu n sic prbcabpl kncs dn aiccnbssncal *1 ¶# « Dn

vlrtu plut s(lcslbhclr *;"# ¶ Cius nvics oçol vu pdus jnut

piur qulddls rnbsics als tjêsls nurnblct kö çtrl enccbls k(uc

ajrbstbncbsol aicsâqulct *i"#

Kncs dls âarbts kl snbct Noeribsl al cl sict piurtnct pns dls

pjbdisipjls kl d(nctbqubtâ$ onbs sls piêtls qub dl pdus siuvlct

rlpnrnbsslct$ lt a(lst í dlur aioolral qul dl stydl kl citrl

oirndbstl kibt sn aiudlur lt sic oiuvlolct# Ic triuvl nbcsb$

gusqul kncs dls pnssnhls dls pdus nustêrls$ kls diautbics qub

sloedlct vlcbr kl Duanbc *0"$ kl [ârlcal *8"$ lt oûol kl

Onrtbnd *:" lt k(Ivbkl *2"# Onbs a(lst surtiut Pbrhbdl *cius

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl jici oirtj$ 1>#

*5" Qbeb aicvlcbrl$ Kl Gnaie$ BB$ 52# Kâairuo quik eicucb$ Kl jnna$ 0=$ lta#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ £p#$ ZZZPBB$ ;#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Gnaie$ B$ >#

*1" Pibr dl kâvldipplolct bctbtudâ 7 ]rbcabpls ciuvlnux#

*0" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ PB$ >;#

*8" Bk#$ ZZPB$ > 6

Kllxalssu

`rntrbs$BB$ :#

*:" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl lxalssu `rntrbs$ BB$ >>#

*2" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ ZZPBBB$ > 6 DZ$ 5# Pibr sur als tlxtls kbvlrs dls

citls kl Obhcl#



ÂAUB[Q KBPLUQ# 1><

nurbics pu dl klvbclr}$ qubùt dl

piêtl nboâ kl snbct Noeribsl$s(bd `nut lc guhlr pnr dl cioerl aicsbkârnedl k(lopructs pdus

iu oibcs kâhubsâs qu(bd dub `nbt# Cic sludlolct sic stydl lst

pdlbc kl râobcbsalcals$ onbs í pdusblurs rlprbsls ic cl plut sl

oâprlckrl sur sic bctlctbic eblc âvbklctl k(âviqulr dl siuvlcbr

kl vlrs qub âtnblct sncs kiutl sur dl slubd kl tiutls dls oâoibrls

aiool kl dn sblccl *>"# [iutl aiopnrnbsic$ tiutl bonhl$ tbrâl

kl dn tlrrl lt kl dn vbl kls ajnops sl prâslctl í sic lsprbt siusdn ìrol k(uc vlrs kls Hâirhbquls *5"# Kl oçol a(lst kl RLcâbkl

qul vblct sic enhnhl oytjidihbqul *1"# Lt nvla Pbrhbdl bd c(n

pns kl sarupudls$ lt cl sl kâ`lck pns# Bd d(bobtl quldqulìbs$ kl

pnrtb prbs$ kncs dn Uâpicsl í Qyoonqul pnr lxlopdl *;"$ aiool

s(bd viudnbt `nbrl kls `rnbs lt priuvlr qul dub nussb bd aiccnãt sls

nutlurs# [iugiurs bd d(bobtl sncs `nussl jictl$ lt a(lst oçol

kncs dls abraicstncals dls pdus hrnvls$ lt piur lxprbolr dls

slctbolcts dls pdus âdlvâs$ qu(uc vlrs ku piêtl vblct ajnctlr í

sic irlbddl# Nu aioolcalolct kl d(irnbsic ùcêerl kl Rndlc/

tbcblc *i"$ bd kâplbct$ aiool Pbrhbdl d(nvnbt `nbt piur dn oirt kl

d(uc kl sls jâris$ dl klubd ucbvlrsld# Qur dn tioel kl sic priprl

`rêrl bd rlprikubt alttl kiual plcsâl kl Pbrhbdl qul kl klux

plrsiccls qub s(nbolct$ dn pdus jlurlusl lst alddl qub olurt dn

prlobêrl *0"# N Pbrhbdl lcairl bd lopructl$ dub ajrâtblc$ dub

âviqul$ dn klsarbptbic kl d(jiccçtl vluvl pridichlnct gusqul

kncs dn cubt dl trnvnbd ku giur$ n`bc kl hnrklr sncs siubddurl dl dbt

kld(âpiuxqubc(lstpdus$ n`bc k(âdlvlr sls ajlrspltbts$‛ bdngiutl7

*>" Abtics í tbdrl k(lxlopdl 7 dichl outntus ne bddi Qncbsicl$ bobtâ ku 7

ûnctuo outndus ne bddi Jlatirl *Kl Qpbrbtusncati$ BB$ >1"#

*5" Qnbo Noeribsl$ Kl vbrhbcbebbs$ BB$ ;>6 BBB$ >0$ >86 Kl vbkubs$ 8=6 Kl

vbrhbcbtntl$ >=06 Lp#$ ZZPBBB$ <6 ZDBBB$ >86 ZDBP$ 2 6 DP$ 16 Kl lxalssu

`rntrbs$ BB$ ."0$ 8=6 Jlxxo#$ P$ 88#

*1" Qnbct Nouribsl$ Lp#$ ZPBBB$ /1= 6 ZZBdd# ;#

*;" Pibr surtiut >8 lt >:#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl iebtu Pudactbcbncb$ 1#

*0" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl lxalssu `rndrbs$ B$ 11#



1>0 DT OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

** n`bc kl kicclr nux pnuvrls ¶ *>"# A(lst nvla kls vlrs kl Pbrhbdl$

a(lst nvla dl « spbrbtusbctus ndbt¶ qu(bd rlck slcsbedl lc`bc d(ucb/

vlrslddl prâslcal kl dn kbvbcbtâ kncs dl oickl *5"# ‛ Qnbct

Noeribsl trnbtl kica Pbrhbdl elnuaiup oblux qul Abaâric#

Cius d(nvics kbt pdus dichulolct nbddlurs$ Pbrhbdl$ í dub slud$

slrnbt uc trnbt k(ucbic vârbtnedl lctrl dn audturl pnélccl lt dn

audturl ajrâtblccl#

Kl als siuvlcbrs adnssbquls kict bd âtnbt câalssnbrl kl sbhcndlr

dn tâcnabtâ$ trncspirtics/cius kncs dn klsarbptbic ku pnrnkbs$

qub lst dl suglt kl d(uc kls prloblrs iuvrnhls kl snbct Noeribsl#

Cius nddics prlckrl sur dl `nbt ucl bcspbrntbic qub cl vblct cb

kl Pbrhbdl cb kl Abaâric$ onbs qub$ rbvndl kl d(uc lt kl d(nutrl

tiut í dn ìbs$ priaêkl k(uc aurblux oâdnchl kl d(lsprbt piâtbqul

lt kl d(lsprbt pjbdisipjbqul# Cius siools lc l``lt lc pdlbcl

nddâhirbl# Dl pnrnkbs rlprâslctl d(åol juonbcl iò Kblu$ gnrkbcblr

oystbqul$ n sloâ dls hrnbcls kl tiutls dls vlrtus# Lklc vlut kbrl

pdnbsbr$ al qub sbhcb`bl qul dn vlrtu kibt ariãtrl kncs dn gibl#

Kblu n obs kncs dl pnrnkbs d(jiool lt dn `lool$ a(lst/í/kbrl

qu%bd n obs lc citrl åol dn rnbsic lt dn slcsbebdbtâ# \c `dluvl

enbhcl al pnrnkbs# ûl piurrnbt çtrl al prbcabpl ki `âaickbtâ$

sbcic Gâsus Ajrbst dub/oçol9 Kl al `dluvl$ aiool kl dlur aio/

oucl irbhbcl$ quntrl nutrls kâaiudlct qub sict dls quntrl

vlrtus anrkbcndls# Cius rlaiccnbssics als nddâhirbls# Nvla kl

dâhêrls vnrbnctls$ ‛ anr bd lst `nabdl k(bccivlr kncs al hlcrl

k(lxpdbantbic$ ‛ al sict alddls kl ]jbdic# Qnbct Noeribsl ngiutl

kl sn priprl nutirbtâ qul als quntrl `dluvls rlprâslctlct lc

oçol tlops dls quntrl åhls ku oickl# Dl prloblr$ gusqu(nu

kâduhl$ lst d(åhl kl dn pruklcal# Dl slaick$ aldub kls pntrbnr/

ajls gusqu(í Oiésl$ lst d(åhl kldí tlopârncal# Dl tribsbêol$ kl

Oiésl lt kls pripjêtls gusqu(í Gâsus/Ajrbst$ nppnrtblct í

dn ìral# Nprês Gâsus/Ajrbst a(lst d(åhl kl dn gustbal# Dls

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbknbs$ 1>#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Qpbrbtu sncati$ BB$ 1H#



ÂAUB[Q KBPLUQ# 1>8

ncbonux ku pnrnkbs `bhurlctdls

pnssbics ku airps# Dls ibslnuxku abld sict kl vnbcls plcsâls qub vidtbhlct nutiur kl citrl

íol# Dls `lubddls kict Nkno lt Lvl nprês dlur `nutl aiuvrlct

dlur cukbtâ sict als prâtlxtls trioplurs$ als nrtb`bals$ kict dl

pâajlur sl slrt piur anajlr sic pâajâ í sn priprl aicsablcal *b"#

>> y n ucl subtl nu trnbtl Ku ]nrnkbsS nbcsb qul snbct

Noeribsl dub/oçol cius lc nvlrtbt *5"# Al sict dls klux dbvrls

sur Hnbc lt sur Neld# Ic cl s(âticclrn kica pns k(y triuvlrd(nppdbantbic ku oûol systêol# Anéc lt Neld rlprâslctlct

aiool klux lspêals kncs d(lspêal juonbcl# K(uc aûtâ d(irhulbd$

d(âhiésol$ kl d(nutrl dn kiualur lt dn pbâtâ *1"# Ic plut kbrl

lcairl *VulAb\bc `bhurl dls Gub`s lt Neld dls ajrâtblcs *;"# Qb Hnbc

lst d(nãcâ k(Neld$ a(lst piur lxprbolr qul$ kncs citrl oickl

qul dl pâajâ n airriopu$ dn ondbal lst nctârblurl í d(bcci/

alcal *<"# Lt d(jbstibrl kls klux `rêrls lst k(uc eiut í d(nutrl

rnaictâl lt bctlrprâtâl kncs dl oçol lsprbt# [iutl`ibs$ kncs dl

slaick dbvrl$ dls aicsbkârntbics oirndls kiobclct# Cius ytriuvics alttl bkâl qul$ sb d(ic n pâajâ$ bd cl `nut pns s(lctçtlr

kncs sn `nutl lt sl ajlrajlr kls lxausls$ onbs sl rlaiccnãtrl

aiupnedl lt sl `rnpplr dn pibtrbcl# D(nvlu lt dn jictl nttâculct

dn `nutl *0"# ]iur Qpbcizn al sict$ nu aictrnbrl$ kls `nutls ciu/

vlddls# #Ic lst sör k(nvibr rlcaictrâ ucl `nèic kl plcslr vrnb/

olct ajrâtblccl qunck a(lst ucl kl alddls qul Qpbcizn aicknocl#

Cius y triuvics lcairl alttl dlèic$ tbrâl ku ajlobc subvb pnr

Hnbc kncs dl ond$ qul d(bopbâtâ lst dn oêrl kl tius dls arbols#

^ulds âhnrks plut hnrklr piur dls jiools aldub qub n i``lcsâ

Kbau*8"9

*>" Qnbct ÅObtUIbQL$ ã"l]nrnkJi$yiTv cidnoolct 0$ >5$ >1$>;$ >:$<>$ 0<#

*5" Qnbct Noefibsl$ Kl Akbc lt Neld$ B$ >#

*1" 8a)#$ B$ 1$ ;#

*;" dbd$ d$ >1#

*<" Bk#$ >$ >>$ >5#

*0" Bk#$ BB$ 5;#

*8")k#$BB$57b#



ÂAUB[Q KBPLUQ# 1|È"

sludlolct pnr dl `nbt k(ucl jnebtukl bcvâtârâl kl d(nutlur$ í dn

oncbêrl k(uc jirs/k(őuvrl$ onbs aiool ucl lxpdbantbic k(uc

irkrl supârblur$ nprês qul dl aioolctnbrl oirnd n âtâ kiccâ#

Nprês qu(Nernjno cius n âtâ rlprâslctâ aiool dl typl kl

d(ieâbssncal í Kblu$ bd klvblct d(lsprbt$ d(lsprbt qub$ nttnajâ í

dn ontbêrl nvla Nkno$ s(lc kâhnhl lc`bc piur sl trncsìrolr lc

ìral oirndl$ lc vlrtu# Nernjno n rlèu d(irkrl kl qubttlr sn

pntrbl$ sn `nobddl lt sn onbsic# Hldn sbhcb`bl qul aldub qub vlutsl purb`blr kibt qubttlr sic airps$ sls slcs lt sn vibx6 anrbl airps

lst citrl pntrbl tlrrlstrl$ anr dls slcs sict kls aiusbcs aiopri/

olttncts kl d(íol$ anr dn vibx lst dn onbsic kl dn plcsâl *>"#

Kl oçol kncs dl trnbtâ Qu9( Bsnna$ Bsnna âpiusnct Ulelaan

rlprâslctl d(ucbic ku Tbyiq nvla d(åol juonbcl# K(nutrls ìbs

Ulelaan `bhurl d(Lhdbsl# Ir dl trnbtâ Qu9( Ne9(njnr9b lst bobtâ kl

]jbdic$ dl trnbtâ Qu9( Bsnna k(Irbhacl# Kl oûol qul dl oiylcåhl aiccut Abaâric pnr snbct Noeribsl$ pnr snbct Noeribsl

lcairl bd aiccut dls aioolctntlurs ndlxnckrbcs kl dn Ebedl# Lt

a(lst ajlz dub$ cius n``brol d(jbstirblc dl oblux nu aiurnct kl

dn hâcândihbl kls bkâls lt kls ìrols kncs citrl dbttârnturl iaab/

klctndl *5"$ qul pubsêrlct dls oytjidihuls oystbquls$ alux kl

d(âaidl kl snbct Pbatir$ pnr lxlopdl$ qub bcspbrêrlct í dlur

tiur d(nrt lt dn piâsbl ku oiylc åhl# Ic aioprlck kês dirs

d(bopirtncal piur d(jbstibrl dbttârnbrl kls âarbts nddâhirbquls kl

snbct Noeribsl# Dn Kbvb9bl ai99bâkbl priaêkl k(lux# Bd `nut kbrl

pdus lcairl$ d(lsprbt juonbc tiut lctblr lst oikb`bâ$ lt piur

dichtlops$ pnr als `nèics kl vibr lt kl plcslr í dn aictnhbic

klsqulddls cius nssbstics#

Al c(lst pdus sludlolct d(Âarbturl snbctl$ a(lst dn cnturl

lctbêrl qub lst piur snbct Noeribsl uc vnstl syoeidl# \c kl

sls klrcblrs âarbts$ aldub qu(bd aiopisn sur PILuv9(l kls sbx gibws

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Nernjno$ BB$ 5$ 1#

*5" Lelrt$ Jbstibrl hâcârndl kl dn dbttârnturl ku oiylc åhl lc Iaabklct

*trnkuatbic `rncènbsl"$ t# B$ p# >0=#



15= DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

lst tiut pdlbc kl al syoeidbsol$ al qub priuvl qu(bd c(lst pns

sludlolct dn oâtjikl k(ucl âpiqul kl sn vbl# D(jlrel kls

ajnops rlprâslctl pnr sn `rnhbdbtâ dn erbêvltâ kl dn aickbtbic

juonbcl# Piylz al glucl jiool kncs tiutl dn `dirnbsic kl dn

gluclssl$ klonbc dub nussb sl `nclrn lt sl sâajlrn *>"# Dn risl

âtnbt câl sncs âpbcls$ rblc lc lddl cl triopnbt$ a(âtnbt nvnct dl

pâajâ6 pubs d(âpbcl lst vlcul piur qu(bd lc `öt kl dn risl aiool

kls gibls juonbcls qu(lctiurlct dls obsêrls lt dls siuabs# «Qb

tu t(lcirhulbddbs$ û jiool$sb

tut(âpnciubs$ dls âpbcls cl sict

pns dibc*5"# ¶ Dls airclbddls npprlcclct nux oêrls í nbolr dlurs

lc`ncts$ lddls qub subvlct lt pritêhlct dl vid kl dlurs pltbts *1"#

Dn tiurtlrlddl hâobssnctl `bhurl dnvluvl qub pdlurl sic âpiux *;"#

Dls glucls abhihcls ciurrbsslct dls vblbddls$ vbvnct loedêol

kl dn pbâtâ `bdbndl *<"# Dls `iurobs sict aldub ku trnvnbd *0"$ dls

ajblcs kl dn `bkâdbtâ *8"$ dls nhclnux kl d(bccialcal *:"# Lt cius

piurrbics dichtlops aictbculr nbcsb# ^unct í d(jiool$ bd lst

uc pibssic$ pubsqul dls npûtrls sict kls pçajlurs k(jiools$ lt

snbct Noeribsl tbrl kl alttl aiopnrnbsic tiut al qu(lddl plu

kicclr lt oçol quldqul ajisl kl pdus *2"# D(Lhdbsl lst alttl

râucbic k(lnux kict pnrdl dn Hlcêsl *>="# Kl dí$ lddl klvblct

d(Iaânc$ lt dl ajnct kls `bkêdls lst `bhurâ pnr dl erubt kls `dits *>>"#

Bd y n kncs tiut aldn ucl vbsbic ciuvlddl kls ajisls qub ajlr/

ajl í kbstbchulr$ iutrl al qu(lddls sict$ al qu(lddls pluvlct rlprâ/

slctlr# Lt aiool al qu(lddls rlprâslctlct bopirtl elnuaiup

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Jlxxo$ BBB$ 1=#

*5" Bab#$ BBB$ ;:#

{1"Bk#$R$ Q:$

*;" Bk#$ R$ 05#

*n" Gk#$ P$ <i#

*0" )k#$ PBB$ >0#

*8" Bk#$ PB$ >8#

*:"bk#$ PB$ 51#

*2" Bk#$ P$ vlt PB#

*>=" X#$ BBB$ 5#

*>>" Gk#$ >>>$51#



ÂAUB[Q KBPLUQ# 15>

pdus qul al qu(lddls sict$ lddls plrklct tiutl vndlur priprl# Dl

oickl ontârbld sl suetbdbsl$ s(bkândbsl6 bd c(n pdus qu(uc slcs

syoeidbqul# A(lst dl riynuol kls ioerls$ « kls pjâcioêcls ¶#

Dl syoeidbsol oêcl nu oystbabsol# Ku syoeidbsol ic piur/

rnbt kica kâkubrl ucl oirndl kâknbhclusl kl dn rândbtâ# Cius

nvics pu aicstntlr qul d(lxlopdl kl ]jbdic gustb`blrnbt alttl

kâkuatbic# Kncs qulddl olsurl snbct Noeribsl í sic tiur lst/bd

uc oystb*Vul9 Cius dl vlrrics tiut í d(jlurl# Onbs quld qu(nbt

âtâ sur dl rlstl kl sn plcsâl dl rltlctbsslolct kls jnebtukls

k(lsprbt qul cius vlcics k(âtukblr$ lddls ngiutlct uc trnbt bciu/

edbnedl í dn pjysbiciobl bctlddlatulddl lt oirndl kl al kbsabpdl

kl Hbaâric#

Nvnct k(lc vlcbr nux âarbts kl oirndl priprlolct kbts qul snbct

Noeribsl n dnbssâs í aûtâ kls I``balsS cius viudics nu oibcs olc/

tbicclr sic trnbtâ Kls Qnarlolcts# Cius rlcvlrsics bab d(irkrl

subvb pnr snbct Noeribsl$ anr dn prâkbantbic oirndl âtnbt í sls

ylux ucl prâpnrntbic$ ucl bcbtbntbic# Lddl s(nkrlssnbt nux antâaju/

oêcls6 pubs dl oiolctvlcnbt kl kâvibdlr dls oystêrls kl dn ìb$ lt

d(âvçqul lxpdbqunbt dl slcs kls snarlolcts í alux qub nddnblct

dls rlalvibr# Cius viukrbics qul alttl lxpdbantbic `öt surtiut

oirndl# Bd cius `nut nviulr qu(lddl cl d(lst pns$ lt qul eblc kls

ajisls cius sloedlct í kbrl surdl enptçol lt sur dn aiooucbic

qul d(âviqul c(n pns kbtls# Onbs c(löt/bd rblc kbt qu(ucl vbl

oirndl kict dls snarlolcts sict dl aiuricclolct rlèibt k(lux

ucl kbrlatbic lt uc rl`dlt# Bcsbstics sur al pibct qu(bds cl sict

pns sludlolct kls nuxbdbnbrls kl dn vlrtu$ aiool piuvnblct

d(çtrl alrtnbcls prntbquls stiéablccls$ onbs qu(bds sict âdlvâs

eblc nu/klssus k(lddl# [iutlìbs bds dn suppislct lt pnr aictrl/

aiup dn rlcìralct# Dl enptçol lst uc lchnhlolct cic sludl/

olct lcvlrs cius/oçols$ onbs lcvlrs Kblu$ lchnhlolct sb

tlrrbedl qul elnuaiup qub nvnblct pdus kl sarupudl qul kl

zêdl$ dl kb``ârnblct piur cl pibct s(lxpislr í dl rioprl# Bd lst

piur d(l`ìrt oirnd uc eut$ uc pibct k(nrrbvâl6 bd olt kncs dn

\cbvlrsbtâ kl Dyic# ‛ PBBB# N# 5>



155 DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

vbl ucl kntl qub kibt lc onrqulr dl rlciuvlddlolct# Bd lopç/

ajl kica dn eiccl vidictâ kl s(lckirobr lt kl sl kbssiukrl#

Onbs lc oçol tlops qu(bd dn surlxabtl$ bd [juobdbl# Qludl$ lc

l``lt$ dn hråal kl Kblu lc klsalcknct sur lddl najêvlrn al qu(lddl

nurn aioolcaâ# Dls lnux ku enptçol cl sict pns sludlolct

#dl syoeidl kl citrl râhâcârntbic vidictnbrl# Al sict lddls qub

cius ìct pnsslr ku pâajâ í dn vbl$ kl d(âtnt kl siubddurl í d(âtnt

kl snbctltâ *>"# Lt tlddl lst dlur l``banabtâ qul dls nchls nkobrlct

alttl juoncbtâ cnhuêrl lcìcaâl kncs dls tâcêerls lt suebtl/

olct rlspdlckbssnctl *5"# Onbs d(jiool í sic tiur$ tiut lctblr

í rbkâl ku ajnchlolct qub vblct kl s(ipârlr kncs sic çtrl$

onbctblct pdus vnbddnoolct sic l`ìrt í dn jnutlur kl sic âtnt

ciuvlnu# Dl slctbolct kl d(natbic kl Kblu lc dub d(lxndtl lt dl

râaicìrtl# Dl enptçol onrqul kica$ lc oçol tlops qul

dn cnbssncal í dn vbl ajrâtblccl$ uc vârbtnedl nvncalolct

oirnd#

Nprês dl enptçol$ dn aiooucbic# Dls antâajuoêcls vbvnblct

kncs d(nttlctl kl al snarlolct kâ`bcbtb`# Kl plur kl pri`ncntbic$

a(lstnu klrcblr oiolct qul dl oystêrl kldí prâslcal râlddl âtnbt

râvâdâ nux ciuvlnux enptbsâs# Ic sl `bhurl sncs plbcl d(nchibssl

kl als åols pblusls$ prâpnrâls kl dichul onbc í alttl râvâdn/

tbic suprçol$ lt nrrbvâls lc`bc nu slubd ku oystêrl# Nugiurk(jub

dls prlobêrls aiooucbics dls pdus `lrvlctls pluvlct í plbclcius lc kicclr ucl bkâl# ûld rltlctbsslolct cl klvnbt pns

nvibr sur ucl vbl lctbêrl alttl arbsl vidictnbrlolct trnvlrsâl 9

Lt qunck al oystêrl âtnbt aiccu$ quld surariãt k(nrklur cl pub/

snbt pns dl ajrâtblc kncs dn pisslssbic kl sic Kblu 9 ]iur dn

oârbtlr tiut k(neirk$ bd cl triuvnbt gnonbs sic åol nsslz purl$

lt$ kl dibc$ al rlcklz/vius oystbqul hiuvlrcnbt lt bkândbsnbt sn

vbl *1"$ ]ubs$ nu sirtbr ku kbvbc encqult$ bvrl kl d(Lsprbt Qnbct$

*>" Qnb#o Noeribsl$ Kl snarnolctbs$ B$ >5#

*5"Bk#$dP$e#

*1" Bk#$ P$ 0$ 8#



15; DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

Qipjbl kld(nctbqubtâ nvnbt

kâgí oirndbsâdn

prbêrl6

onbs$ í ìralk(lc âdbobclr tiut al qub plut dn rlckrl bctârlssâl$ lddl vn

gusqu(í tnrbr dn siural kl sbcaârbtâ lt k(lspârncal k(iò lddl

gnbddbt# Qb cius viudbics rlvlcbr sur dls aiopnrnbsics qub ict

iaaupâ citrl prâaâklct ajnpbtrl$ bd slrnbt bctârlssnct k(ippislr

d(ucl í d(nutrl als klux ìrols sb kb``ârlctls kl dn pbâtâ juonbcl 7

PJyocl kl Adânctjl lt dl ]ntlr Gbistlr# Lt plut/çtrl aicadu/

rbics/cius kl al rnppriajlolct qul prblr lt pjbdisipjlr sict

klux ajisls lt qul$ piur çtrl trip pjbdisipjbqul$ a(lst í plbcl

sb dn pdus elddl kls prbêrls nctbquls lst lcairl ucl prbêrl#

BB

Aioolctnbrls sur dls ]ntrbnrajls#

Ribab ucl sârbl k(âarbts qul$ pnr ippisbtbic í sic hrnckiuvrnhl kl oirndl$ dl trnbtâ Kls KlvibrsS cius piurrbics nppldlr

dls ]nrvn Oirnddn kl snbct Noeribsl# Dls vbls k(Nernjno$

k(Bsnna$ kl Gnaie$ kl Gislpj$ k(Ldbl$ kl Cneitj lt kl [iebl lc

sict dl suglt# Kl dn oçol `nobddl k(âarbts sict dl trnbtâ Qur dl

Eblc`nbt kl dn oirt qub sloedl c(çtrl qu(ucl subtl ku aioolc/

tnbrl sur Bsnna$ lt nussb dl trnbtâ Qur dn @ubtl ku sbêadl *>"# [iut

aldn ìrol uc vârbtnedl aiurs kl oirndl# Lt lc `nbt al ùt d(lc/

slbhclolct kiccâ pnr snbct Noeribsl nux antâajuoêcls# \cl

prlobêrl rlonrqul í `nbrl$ a(lst qul alt lcslbhclolct lst

kiccâ sius ìrol k(lxlopdls *5"# A(lst ucl oirndl lc natbic#

Onbs dls lxlopdls cl vblcclct pns bab sludlolct í d(nppub kl dn

dib# Al sict lux qub ìct dn dib# Dls pntrbnrajls ict ìckâ dn

oirndl pnr dlurs natbics# Al ùt dí dlur obssbic lc oçol

tlops qul kl `bhurlr dls priolssls qul dl Ajrbst klvnbt rândb/

*>" Pibr dn citbal kl Obhcl sur dn pdnal í nttrbeulr í als klux âarbts

pnrob dls iuvrnhls kl snbct Noeribsl#

*5" Q#vb3[ Noeribsl$ Kl Gi0A)")t$ >#



AIOOLC[NBULQ Q\U DLQ ]N[UBNUAJLQ# 15<

slr *>"# Dn oirndl ùt kica jbstirbqulolct râvâdai pnr lux nvnct

kl [êtrl pnr dub# Bds sict$ nvnbt kbt ]jbdic$ dn dib vbvnctl lt

bcanrcâl *5"# Alttl kiatrbcl pirtl lc lddl uc prbcabpl qul snbct

Noeribsa cl piussl pns tiugiurs gusqu(í sls klrcbêrls aicsâ/

qulcals dihbquls$ onbs qubc(lc kicclpns oibcs í tiut sic lcslb/

hclolct uc anrnatêrl k(jâtâriciobl# Al c(lst pns sn rnbsic qub

dub npprlck cis klvibrs#

p_t onbctlcnct qulds sict als klvibrs 9 [iut pntrbnrajl lst uc

lxlopdnbrl kl dn plr`latbic juonbcl# Nernjno n rândbsâ$ lt nu/

kldí$ al qul dls pjbdisipjls kl d(nctbqubtâ$ ]dntic kncs sn

Uâpuedbqul lt Zâcipjic kncs sn AyripâkblS c(nvnblct `nbt qul

rûvlr *#1"# Ajnqul pntrbnrajl alplcknct lxprbol pdus pnrtbau/

dbêrlolct ucl vlrtu lctrl tiutls *;"# ]iur Nernjno$ a(lst dn

kâvitbic$ lctlckul cic kncs dl slcs oiklrcl kls olculs prn/

tbquls kict d(åol lst siuvlct neslctl$ onbs kncs dl slcs âtyoi/

dihbqul k(uc kic nesidu kl sib/oçol lt k(ucl nvluhdl siuobssbic

nux vidictâs kbvbcls# « ûbttl tic pnys$ tn `nobddl lt dn onbsic kl

tic pêrl . ¶ dub kbt dl Qlbhclur$ lt sncs aioprlckrl bd pnrt *#<"# Dl

Qlbhclur dub n priobs uc `bds kncs sn vblbddlssl lt$ aictrl tiutl

nppnrlcal$ bd aribt í sn pnridl# Lc`bc$ viudnct d(âpriuvlr$ dl

Qlbhclur d(npplddl lt dub klonckl lc jidianustl al `bds eblc/nboâ$

lt Nernjno ieâbt lcairl$ lt bd vn `rnpplr dirsqu(uc nchl dub

nrrçtl dn onbc# Bd c(lc n pns oibcs oictrâ gusqu(ibb kibt nddlr

d(ieâbssncal í Kblu$ qub lst$ piur snbct Noeribsl aiool piur

]jbdic$ dl ìcklolct kl tiutls dls vlrtus *0"#

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Gislpj$ :1#

*5" ]jbdic$ Kl Nernjno$ >$

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Nernjno$ B$ 5$ 1# Qnbct Noeribsa lst oûolìraâ kl cl triuvlr

qu(í diulr kncs tiut al qub vblct kls pntrbnrajls# Hldndl hçclrn quldqulìbs$ pnr lxlopdl qunck bd slrn ìraâ k(lxpdbqulr

qu(Nernjno ùt nkudtêrl sncs d(çtrl# )*)#$ B$ 55 lt slq#

*;" Qnbxt Noeribsl$ Kl Gi#slp)b$ >#

*<" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Nernjno$ >$ 1#

*0"X#$ B$ 16 ]jbdic$ Kl Nernjno$ >1#




Dl aioolctnbrl <%S( jnna lxndtl surtiut dn purltk kl d(åol#

Ic nvnbt vu kl eiccl jlurl kncs Bsnna$ í anusl ku snarb`bal kict

bd `nbddbt çtrl dn vbatbol$ ucl âenuajl ku Ajrbst# Kl dí í rlprâ/

slctlr dl Nûya6 bd c(y n pns dibc sb$ aiool snbct Noeribsl kncs

alt âarbt$ ic s(bcspbrl k(Irbhêcl# Lt dl onrbnhl k(Bsnna lt kl

Uâelaan klvblct aldub ku NbyiS6 lt kl d(åol juonbcl# Alttl

lxpdbantbic nddâhirbqul qul cius nvics kâgí olctbiccâl lst dl

pibct kl kâpnrt kl oystbquls dlèics sur dn purltâ câalssnbrl í

d(åol qub nttlck dl aâdlstl âpiux# ‛ Dn vbl kl Gnaie slrt í

priuvlr qul dls åols vrnbolct pblusls sict jlurlusls gusqul

kncs d(n``dbatbic# Dls lxlopdls k(Âdânznr lt kls slpt Onajneâls

aic`brolct alttl kâoicstrntbic# ‛ Gislpj lst dl obribr kl dn

ajnstltâ# Kncs sls oőurs lt kncs sls natbics erbddlct dn puklur

lt alttl hråal qub lc lst dn aiopnhcl *;"# Ldbl lc`bc cius lcslb/

hcl dn tlopârncal lt dn prbvntbic# Cius cl pnrdlrics pns kls

âarbts sur Cneitj lt [iebl$ qubcius

ict kâgí slrvbí aioolctlr

lt í kâvldipplr dls bkâls lxprboâls kncs dls I``bals sur d(nrhlct

lt sur d(usurl#

Dl ajibx kl als vlrtus typls 7 ieâbssncal$ purltâ$ ajnstltâ$

bckb``ârlcal í d(âhnrk kls eblcs lt kls onux k(bab/ens su``brnbt

í cius kicclr ucl bkâl kl alttl prâkbantbic oirndl kl snbct

Noeribsl# Onbs cius cl viudics pns lc rlstlr dí# Iutrl qu(bd y

n pdusblurs `nèics kl pnrdlr k(ucl vlrtu qub lc naalctulct pdus

iu oibcs d(bopirtncal rldntbvl$ nutiur kl als tribs iu quntrl

rêhdls lsslctblddls kl dn vbl pblusl hrnvbtl tiut uc airtêhl k(nutrls

rêhdls qul dn vbl kls pntrbnrajls suhhêrl tiur í tiur í citrl

nutlur# Cius nddics kica lssnylr k(lxtrnbrl kls âarbts qul cius

nvics abtâs alttl oirndl qub dls bcspbrl$ dn arnbctl kls rlkbtls lt

ku tlops plrku cius bctlrkbsnct kl dls ncndyslr uc í uc# Cius

nddics rlcaictrlr kls bkâls qub sict dl `ick kl d(lcslbhclolct

oirnd kls I``bals# Qur lddls cius pnsslrics vbtl# Cius lc rlc/

*b" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Ginlpj$ 5#



AIbOOLC[NBULQ Q\U DLQ ]N[UBNUAJLQ# 158

aictrlrics k(nutrls qub$ í plbcl bckbquâls kncs dls I``balsS sict

bab nu prloblr pbnc# Qur lddls cius bcsbstlrics knvnctnhl# Lc`bc

cius lc rlcaictrlrics kl tiut í `nbt ciuvlddls$ sur dlsqulddls

cius npplddlrics pnrtbaudbêrlolct d(nttlctbic#

@nut/bd kbrl qul alrtnbcls vlrtus sict pdus lsslctblddls í dn

oirndl ajrâtblccl pnral qu(bd c(lst pns k(âarbt ajrâtblc qub cl dls

aictblccl lt qul dl snbct Noeribsl qub s(bcspbrl kl ]jbdic lt

k(Irbhêcl dls n jicirâls nussb eblc qul aldub qub bobtl lt air/

rbhl Hbaâric9 A(lst dn ajnrbtâ$ alttl bobtntbic kl dn eictâ kbvbcl 6

a(lst dl pnrkic$ alttl ìrol supârblurl kl dn ajnrbtâ lddl/oçol#

Cius triuvics kncs dl trnbtâ Qur Nernjno alttl kiatrbcl qu(bd

cl `nut pns râpickrl nux bcgurls rlèuls 6« qu(bd cl `nut `nbrl kl

ond í plrsiccl$ oçol sb ic lst priviquâ ¶$ lxprboâl sius ucl

ìrol uc plu kb``ârlctl kl alddl í dnqulddl Dnatncal lt snbct

Noeribsl dub/oûol cius ict jnebtuâs# Dn pjbdisipjbl$ y lst/bd

kbt$ prâvibt quntrl ans lt râkubt prihrlssbvlolct sls lxbhlcals 7

« @nbtls tiut piur vius `nbrl kls nobs 6‛ sb vius c(y râussbsslz

pns$ ku oibcs cl vius `nbtls pns k(lcclobs6 ‛ sb vius vius lc

çtls `nbt ondhrâ vius$ aâklz dn pdnal 6‛ onbs sb d(ic vius piur/

subt$ alttl ìbs kâ`lcklz/vius# ¶ Kl als quntrl aicslbds dl ajrâ/

tblc c(naalptl qul dls tribs prloblrs$ lt lcairl cl sl râsbhcl/t/bd

qu(í dn klrcbêrl lxtrâobtâ í subvrl dl tribsbêol$ a(lst/í/kbrl í

nviulr d(bopubssncal kl dn eictâ lt kl dn vârbtâ *>"# Cius nurics

elsibc kl pnrkic$ cius klvics kica pnrkicclr *5"# Lc bobtnct dn

obsârbairkl kl Kblu$ cius d(nttbrics sur cius# \c kls oârbtls kl

Gislpj lst k(nvibr nboâ alux qub dub nvnblct viudu ku ond$ qub

d(nvnblct vlcku$ lt aldn nvnct qul d(Âvnchbdl nbt `nbt k(uc

noiur sb aictrnbrl í citrl cnturl ucl dib piur tius dls

jiools *1"#

Cius nvics vu nbddlurs qu(lc oûol tlops qul dl ajrbstbn/

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Nernjno$ BB$ 52$ 1=#

*56 Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl ùhn$ Tb# #

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Gislpj$ 1#



15: DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

cbsol `nbt rbbiool pdus kiux piur [jiool$ bd rlck dn vlrtu

kl ajnauc bckâplcknctl ku guhlolct k(nutrub lt dn `nbt rldlvlr

kl pdus lc pdus kl dn aicsablcal bckbvbkulddl# Dn Duarêal kls

pnélcs prâ`êrl dn rândbtâ kl d(iutrnhl nu rbsqul kl oiurbr bcgus/

tlolct oâprbsâl# Dn Quznccl kls ajrâtblcs kâ`bl kncs dn purltâ

kl sn aicsablcal kls naausntlurs qub aicvnbcarict dls jiools$

onbs qub cl aicvnbcarict pns Kblu kl sic kâsjicclur *>"# Dl

ajrbstbncbsol piussl$ cius dl snvics$ dl oâprbs kl d(ipbcbic

gusqu(ísl pdnbrl kncs d(juobdbtâ lt kncs dn slrvbtukl# Qnbct

Noeribsl giul$ kncs d(âarbt aicsnarâ í Gnaie$ sur dls bkâls kl

slrvbtukl lt kl dbelrtâ$ lt vnctl alttl dbelrtâ qub triuvl uc nerb

kncs dn slrvbtukl oûol# Al pnssnhl sloedlrnbt ucl râobcbsalcal

aycbqul iu stiéablccl$ k(nutnct pdus qul d(âarbt sur Gnaie lst$

nprês dls I``balsS dl pdus pdlbc k(nctbqubtâ kl tius dls iuvrnhls

k(Noeribsl$ sb pnr slrvbtukl citrl nutlur c(lctlcknbt bab ucl

ajisl três ajrâtblccl 7 citrl sugâtbic vidictnbrl í d(âhnrk kl

Kblu *5"# Cius rltriuvics lcairl$ lt kncs al oçol âarbt$

alttl nttbtukl kl râsbhcntbic lcvlrs dn siu``rncal qul cius

aiccnbssics kâgí# Alrtnbcs pnssnhls sict oçol pnrtbaudbêrl/

olct bctârlssncts pnral qul cius y rlcaictrics aûtl í aûtl

kls slctbolcts tiut stiéablcs lt kls slctbolcts tiut ajrâtblcs#

Nu oiolct iò snbct Noeribsl siutblct alttl tjêsl nctbqul

qul dn kiudlur c(ûtl rblc nu eicjlur ku snhl$ ‛ lt a(lst

eblc alttl lxprlssbic kl snhl qu(bd lopdibl$ ‛bd ngiutl kl

sic priprl ìck alttl rlonrqul qul siu``rbr c(lst piurtnct

pns kncs citrl cnturl$ lt qul cius cl piuvics lc vlcbr í nbolr

dn siu``rncal qul dirsqul cius siu``rics piur dl Ajrbst$

aiool sb lddl âtnbt trncsìroâl pnr dn ò í dnqulddl cius dn

`nbsics slrvbr *1"#

Cius nvics kâgí `nbt í al slctbolct qub rlck nbonedl dn siu`/

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Nernjno$ BB$ 10#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Gnaie$ B$ >>$ >5#

*1" _*)#$ B$ 11#



11= D#T OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

n sib` kl d(lnu kls ìctnbcls$ citrl Nol n sib` kl Kblu *>"#

Kncs dl trnbtk Qu9( Nernjno$ [noiur kls jiools piur Kblu

lst lcairl aiopnrk í d(noiur kls `bds piur dlur pêrl# C(lst/bd

pns lc l``lt citrl pêrl í tius *5"9 Onbs kncs dl trnbtâ Qur Bsnna$

snbct Noeribsl$ tiut pdlbc ku Anctbqul kls Anctbquls$ prlck ucl

nutrl tlckrlssl piur typl lt piur `bhurl kl alddl qul cius

klvics í Kblu lt$ nvla ucl bcsbstncal qu(nugiurk(jub cius triu/

vlrbics slcsulddl$ d(nustêrl âvêqul kâarbt tiutls dls pjnsls kl

citrl oystbqul noiur# Al snbct pnrdl nkobrnedlolct ku enbslr

qub tblct nttnajâs dls noncts d(uc í d(nutrl lt `nbt kiualolct

pâcâtrlr ucl åol kncs ucl åol# Kl oçol dls enbslrs ku Ajrbst

cius lopdbsslct lt cius bdduobclct# Cius cl piuvics cius

dnsslr k(lux$ anr ku enbslr cnãt dl kâsbr ku enbslr *1"# Lddl lst nussb

kl snbct Noeribsl alttl noiurlusl lxprlssbic 7 « Anajlr sn vbl

lc Kblu *;"$ ¶ Onbs dl kbvbc nonct vlut tiut lctbêrl í dub alddl qu(bd

npplddl$ lt kl citrl noiur piur dl Ajrbst priaêklct kês dirs cic

sludlolct tius dls rlcicalolcts$ onbs ucl nrklur í dls naaio/

pdbr qul sludl dn pnssbic plut kicclr *<"# Aldub qub nbol Kblu

vrnbolct alssl kl pâajlr *0"$ lt d(noiur l``nal ku oçol aiup sls

pâajâs k(nutrlìbs# N dub nussb « bd slrn elnuaiup pnrkiccâ

pnralqu(bdnelnuaiupnboâ*8"# «D(noiur í alttljnutlur âqubvnut

nu onrtyrl qub dnvl cis tnajls kncs citrl snch *:"# [iutl

nutrl ìrol kl dn vlrtu c(lst pnr rnppirt í dub qu(ucl prâpnrn/

tbic lt qu(uc aioolcalolct$ « qu(ucl kbsabpdbcl *2" ¶# Dn

*>" ]s# ZDB$ 5 lt 1$ abtâ pnr Q#vbct Noeribsl$ Kl bctarpaddntbicl Gie lt Knvbk$

BB$ 0#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Nernjno$ BB$ 02 6 A`# Kl ùhn$ >=#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Bsnna$ :#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl ùhn$ 1:#

*i" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Bsnna$ 1; lt pnssbo#

*0"Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Bsnna$ 80#

*8" Bab#

*:" Bk#

*2" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl ùhn$ 1:#



AIOOLC[NBULQ Q\U DLQ ]N[UBNUAULQ# 11>

kiatrbcl kl snbct Noeribsl$ sb als pnridls lc`dnooâls aics/tbtunblct ucl kiatrbcl$ rnpplddlrnbt bab alddl kl Adâolct lt kls hcis/

tbquls$ lt snbct Noeribsl cl slrnbt pdus kldí `nobddl oirndl kl

Eissult$ í qub cius d(nvics aiopnrâ$onbs kl alddl kl @âcldic#‛ Qb

d(noiur lst nu/klssus kl tiutls dls vlrtus$ bcvlrslolct d(bopbâtâ

lst nu/klssius kl tius dls vbals# ]âajlr lst kncs citrl cnturl$

onbs d(bopbâtâ lst uc pbrl pâajâ lt aiool dl pibsic kl [íol *>"#

\cl nutrl kiatrbcl kl snbct Noeribsl$ qub c(nppnrnãt pnssloednedl í lddl/oçol kncs tius sls âarbts$ a(lst dn kiatrbcl kl

dn dib# Dn dib lst uc kls eblc`nbts kl Kblu$ lt uc eblc`nbt qub

klvnbt çtrl d(irbhbcl k(nutrls eblc`nbts$ cius vlrrics aioolct#

Kblu n lcslbhcâ nux jiools iò lst dl pâajâ# Qls dlèics cius

ict npprbs í dl kâonsqulr nvnct qul sn hråal cius nbkåt í dub

râsbstlr# >> râsudtl kl dí qul cius c(nvics pdus d(lxausl kl

d(bhcirncal# Nvnct alt lcslbhclolct kbvbc$ cius pâajbics bcci/aloolct# A(lst kica dn dib qub cius `nbt aiupnedls$ lc viudnct

cius `nbrl olbddlurs# Kl tius dls eblcs ku oickl dl ond nbcsb

plut cnãtrl# Dn aiccnbssncal kl alrtnbcs pibsics lst utbdl í dn

oâklabcl$ onbs kl alttl aiccnbssncal dls lopibsicclurs nussb

pluvlct `nbrl usnhl *5"# Al qub lst râkloptbic piur dls ucs lst

oirt piur dls nutrls *1"# Qnbct Noeribsl cl prâtlck pns tiutl/

`ibs qul dn oirndbtâ tiut lctbêrl sibt râvâdntbic# Bd y nvnbt ucldib cnturlddl nvnct qul dn dib kbvbcl bctlrvãct# A(âtnbt ucl dib

bctârblurl$ a(âtnbt dn aicsablcal kl ajnauc$ quibqul dl oit kl

aicsablcal cl sibt pns lxprboâ *;"# Qnbct Noeribsl lst sb dibc kl

cblr dl `icklolct cnturld kl dn oirndbtâ qu(bd lc ajlrajl dls irb/

hbcls gusqul kncs dls ncbonux k(ucl lspêal supârblurl *<"$ pdus

dbeârnd lcvlrs lux qul elnuaiup kls nkvlrsnbrls aictlopirnbcs

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl bctlrplddnb bucl Gie lt Knvbk$ B$ B[#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Gnaie$ B$ >;#

*1" Bk#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Gnaie$ B$ 5=6 Kl ]nrnkbsi$ 12# Qnbct Noeribsl

âarbt ipbcbic piur aicsablcal 7 ipbcbi cistrn bpsn sbeb dlhlo `nabt#

*<g Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Nernjno$ >$ :#




kl Knrwbc# Qic guhlolct c(lst pns râtrâab pnr dn plur kls aicsâ/

qulcals qu(ic lc piurrnbt tbrlr# Onbs dirsqu(bd s(nhbt kl `bxlr í

dn dib kbvbcl lt í dn dib cnturlddl dlurs kionbcls rlsplatb`s$ dn

plcsâl kl snbct Noeribsl lst jâsbtnctl# Bd sloedl qul dn dib

kbvbcl sibt vlcul surtiut cius iuvrbr dls ylux sur dls pâajâs

kl dn ajnbr *>"$ lt cius vlrrics eblctût lc l``lt dn oirndl kl

snbct Noeribsl tiurclr tiut sic l`ìrt aictrl als pâajâs/dí#

Alplcknct dn dib lst rlprâslctâl nussb aiool nppirtnct í dn

aicsablcal sur k(nutrls pibcts pdus kl `lroltâ lt kl prâabsbic *5"#

Nbcsb cius nvbics dn rnbsic$ pubs dn dib cius n âtâ kiccâl$ onbs

dn rnbsic qub su``bsnbt nvnct dn dib c(lst pns bcutbdl$ oçol nprês

dn dib# Lddl lst sic nuxbdbnbrl qunck lddl c(lst pdus sic

suestbtut *1"$ lt bd nrrbvl qul snbctNoeribsl dls aicìckl prlsqul$

lt pnrdl kl alttl dib kbvbcl âarbtl cic sur kls tnedls kl pblrrl$

onbs kncs cis aőurs *;"#

Dirsqu(bd cl dls aicìck pibct$ bd sl klonckl piurquib ucldib surngiutâl$ piurquib al suppdâolct k(iedbhntbics lt als

ciuvlddls pissbebdbtâs kl pâajlr *<"# Onbs a(lst bab qu(nppnrnbsslct

kncs dlur bckustrblusl obsârbairkl dls klsslbcs kl Kblu# Dn dib

c(lst qu(uc aioolcalolct$ dn hråal lst dn subtl# Bd cl s(nhbt

pns lcairl k(ucl hråal bcâhndlolct râpnrtbl lt qub nbt sls âdus#

Dn hråal kl snbct Noeribsl lst piur tius dls ajrâtblcs d(l``lt

eblc`nbsnct kl dn râkloptbic lt ku enptçol *0"# Qnbct Noeribsl

bcsbstl sur citrl bopubssncal cnturlddl lc `nal kl dn tlctntbic#

Lddl cius nssbêhl kl tiutls pnrts 7 cius iuvrics dls ylux lt

cius vibdí kâtiurcâs kl cis plcsâls 6 uc sic sl `nbt lctlckrl

lt ajnchl nussbtût citrl râsidutbic$ ucl iklur triuedl citrl

*>" Aihcivb aicaupbsaactbno lssl plaanduo# Kl Gnaij$ B$ >16 A`# )*)#

5=$ lt Kl Nernjno$ >$51#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Gnaie$ >$ b$ ;#

*1" O#*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl ]nrnkbsi$ 12#

*<" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Gnaie$ d$ 5=#

*0" O#$ B$ c#



AIOOLC[NBULQ Q\U DLQ ]N[UBNUAJLQ# 111

oâGbdndbic# Lc euvnct cius `nbsics lctrlr dl pâajâ lc cius#

Lt pnr dl tiuajlr cius prlcics `lu# Cis slcs sict als `lcçtrls

kict pnrdl dl pripjêtl lt pnr dlsqulddls lctrl dn oirt *>"# Cius

cl vbvics qul pnr dl slaiurs kl Kblu$ iu pdutût cius cl vbvics

pdus citrl priprl vbl$ onbs dn vbl kl aldub nvla dlquld cius siools

rlssusabtls *5"# Lt kncs alttl râcivntbic$ pdutût lcairl qul kncs

dn aiccnbssncal kl dn dib$ lst dn kb``ârlcal ku pnélc lt ku ajrâtblc#

Dls pnélcs snvnblct nsslz dl kâtnbd kl cis klvibrs$ onbs bd dlur

oncqunbt Kblu *1"# Qnbct Noeribsl$ oûol dirsqu(bd subt kl

prês ]jbdic$ onbctblct k(nbddlurs citrl aiddneirntbic í citrl

vlrtu *;"# >> s(nhbt sludlolct k(ucl pritlatbic aâdlstl *<" kict

dn aribx n âtâ d(bcstruolct# Lt pnr lddl citrl vlrtu$ lc oçol

tlops qu(nssurâl$ lst purb`bâl$ anr d(irhulbd cl plut pdus dn

siubddlr *0"# K(nuaucl `nèic kica dn dib kbvbcl c(n cub í d(jiool#

Qblddl

n kiccâdblu

nu pâajâ$dl pâajâ n kiccâ dblu í d(natbic kl dn

hråal$ lt d(âtnt kl cis åols rlvbvb`bâls lst supârblur í ucl prâ/

sioptulusl bccialcal *8"# ‛ Kncs uc kl sls âarbts$ snbct

Noeribsl âcuoêrl dls kics qulcius nvics rlèus kl Kblu$ klpubs

dn vbl lddl/oçol gusqu(í alttl vbl ciuvlddl qu(bd arâl lc cius *:"#

Alttl aictbculddl kâplckncal í d(âhnrk kl Kblu$ a(lst tiutl

dn pjbdisipjbl lt a(lst tiutl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl# ûibqul dls

=))Èal< k(Noeribsl cius d(nblct kâgí `nbt aiccnãtrl$bd

lst jirs klkiutl qul dn oystbabtâ lc lst pdus naalctuâl kncs dls âarbts

kict als klrcbêrls pnhls sict dl rl`dlt#

Lc ajlrajnct qulddl pdnal bds ìct í Kblu kncs dn oirndl$

cius siools bcslcsbedlolct pnssâs kl sbopdls kb``ârlcals

$ *>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl `wgc$ 1#

*5" )*)#$ ;;#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl jnna$ 08#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl ùrgn$ ;:#

*<" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl bctarpaddntbica$ BBB$ >#

*0_ Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl bncgj$ B$ 5>#

*8" O#

*:" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl òb4arg6a))n6bi«a$ BB#




k(lxprlssbic í kl vrnbls kb``ârlcals k(bkâls# Cius nddics

ieslrvlr dn oûol hrnkntbic lc âtukbnct al qul klvblcclct

kncs als oûols âarbts k(nutrls bkâls ajrâtblccls$ dls bkâls kl

pâajâ ltkl rlcicalolct# D(nsaâtbsol kl snbct Noeribsl s(naausl

kl pdus lc pdus aiool sic oystbabsol# ‛ Kâgí cius nvics

npprbs í vibr kncs dn ajnbr d(lcclobl kl citrl sndut lt d(bcstru/

olct ku pâajâ6 onbs dn kiatrbcl ku pâajâ$ sncs prlckrl lcairl

dn aicsbstncal qu(lddl nurn pdus tnrk$ pêsl k(uc pibks pdus diurk

sur dn plcsâl kl d(âarbvnbc lt y râpnck ucl trbstlssl pdus aictb/

cul# Qludl dn vbsbic kl d(booirtndbtâ dl râaic`irtl$ onbs lc uc

slcs$ aiool cius d(nvics oictrâ nbddlurs$ lddl slrt lcairl í

kâprâablr dls eblcs k(bab/ens lt í ûtlr tiutl lxausl í alux qub

s(y nttnrklct *>"# Dl abld âtnct citrl vrnbl pntrbl *5"$ bd c(y n pdus

lcvlrs citrl pntrbl lt citrl aickbtbic tlrrlstrls kl oâcnhlolcts

í hnrklr# Qus í dn cnturl . klvblct dl oit k(irkrl ciuvlnu# \c

kundbsolvbidlct erbsl d(nctbqul jnroicbl kl citrl çtrl lt lc

siudêvl d(ucl kls pnrtbls aictrl d(nutrl# Bd `nut kbstbchulr lc

cius$ lc l``lt$ al qub lst cius lt al qub c(lst qul cûtrl# Bd `nut

kâpiubddlr al vçtlolct kl ajnbr$ al airps kl oirt$ anr a(lst dub

qub cius rltblct kncs dls dblcs ku pâajâ# ]nr dub dl pâajâ jnebtl

lc oib lt ol `nbt `nbrl al qul gl jnbs *1"# Alplcknct d(åol

oçol lst kiuedl *;"$ anr bd y n lc lddl aiool ucl trnal kl sic

ucbic nvla dl airps 7 al sict dls pdnbsbrs lt dls pnssbics# A(lst

kica nu klkncs kl cius qu(bd `nut pirtlr dn hulrrl piur cius

n``rncajbr lt rltriuvlr citrl vârbtnedl lsslcal# Bd `nut$ kbt citrl

nutlur$ prntbqulr dn abraicabsbic ku aőur *<"# Bd y nvnbt dí ucl

bctlrprâtntbic oirndl k(ucl prntbqul ontârblddl qu(ic sl `öt

âticcâ kl cl pns triuvlr ajlz dub# Qb cius dn prntbqubics vrnb/

*>" Qnbct NbOEUIbsL$ Kl bctarplddntbicl$ B$ >#

*5"Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl

`uhn$<5#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Bsnna$ 1#

*;" Nt`blp[Ãè$ Kl Nernjno$ B$ ; 6 A`# 8"a Gnaij$ B$ >16 BB$ >5#

*<" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Nernjno$ BB$ 8:#



AIOOLC[NBULQ Q\dd DLQ ]N[UBNUAJLQ# 11<

olct$ sb cius snvbics kâhnhlr citrl ícbl kl al qub d(lcvldippl lt

kl al *gubdn siubddl$ cius vlrrbics Kblu `nal í `nal *>"# Bd `nut nddlr

gusqu(í alttl kiatrbcl kl snbctNoeribsl piur nvibr lcvlrs dn ajnbr

dls slctbolcts qu(lddl oârbtl# Bd `nut kl tiutl `nèic ajibsbr lctrl

lddl lt Kblu# Cius cl piuvics dn slrvbr lt slrvbr Kblu lc oçol

tlops *5"# Citrl airps lst eblc nppldâ uc airps kl oirt# Lc quib

slrt/bd lc l``lt nux ajisls kl dn vbl vrnbl9 lst/al pnrdls ylux

qul d(lsprbt kl gustbal lctrl lc cius9 lst/al pnr dls onbcs qulcius dl snbsbssics9 Cius lc siools râkubts í `lrolr dls ylux$

í cius eiuajlr dls irlbddls$ í cius nestrnbrl kl citrl airps dirs/

qul cius viudics plcslr sârbluslolct# Cius trnbtics kica ndirs

lc lcclobs als prâtlckus nuxbdbnbrls *1"# Ajnauc k(lux lst ucl

erêajl iuvlrtl nu ond# Bd y n uc pâajâ kl ajnqul slcs$ lt piur

ajnauc k(lux bd `nukrnbt ucl puklur spâabndl lt uc `rlbc#

Kncs uc nutrl pnssnhl k(bcspbrntbic tiutl kb``ârlctl ‛ a(lst

kncs dl Kl Gnaie ‛ snbct Noeribsl tâoibhcl nu airps lt nux

slcs pdus k(bckudhlcal# Bd rlonrqul qul dn oçol onbc qub

pêajl lst alddl qub `nbt d(nuoûcl$ lt qu(lc kâ`bcbtbvl a(lst í citrl

vidictâ sludl qu(bcaioelct dls rlspicsnebdbtâs$ dl airps âtnct

lctrl sls onbcs uc bcstruolct piur dl eblc aiool piur dl

ond *;"# Aldn lst stiéablc# Onbs klux kihols ajrâtblcs nppirtlct

nussb aiool uc airrlatb` nu oâprbs kl tiut ajrâtblc piur dn

ajnbr 7 dnajnbr rlssusabtlrn$ ldKblu s(lst `nbt ajnbr# Lctrl dn ajnbr

lt d(âtlrcbtâ$ bd c(y n kica qu(uc ondlctlcku oiolctncâ# Kl

oçol d(l``lt bckbrlat kl d(bcanrcntbic n âtâ k(nciedbr alttl ajnbr

kict dl Ajrbst âtnbt vlcu piur cius n``rncajbr# Onbs kl dí c(ict

pu cnãtrl$ jåtics/cius kl dl kbrl$ qul kls nttâcuntbics í dn

kiatrbcl qul cius nvics lxpisâl#

Nvla dn ajnbr$ a(lst tiut al qub tblct í lddl$ a(lst dl sbêadl$

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl eici oirtbs$ ;2#

*5"Qboudlcbo lt anrcbs kiolsdbab lt Klblssl cic pissuous# Kl Bsnna$Sb#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl eici oirtbs$ >>#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Gnaie$ B$ >=#




aiool ic kbt kâgí *d" qub lst d(ieglt kl râprientbic# Dn vbl ju/

onbcl c(lst qu(uc tbssu k(bcbqubtâs# Dn sablcal$ kict cius snvics

kâgí qu(lddl lst bopubssnctl$ lst onbctlcnct kiccâl aiool ucl

aurbisbtâ aiupnedl *5"# ]ubs alttl plur kl dn `lool rânppnrnãt

kict cius nvics kbt qu(lddl lst d(uc kls syoptûols dls pdus

sbhcbdbantb`s k(ucl aiopdêtl rupturl nvla dl sbêadl *1"# [iutlìbs

ic plut citlr dls pnssnhls iò al slctbolct lst lxprboâ# >> c(n

âtâ ajlz snbct Noeribsl qu(uc slctbolct k(naabklct lt k(lo/

pruct# Dn pbâtâ ku hrnck âvçqul c(n pns kl als puklurs lt kl

als prâanutbics lxnhârâls qub sict kls nvlux kl slcsundbtâ# Kl

d(Irblct bd n rlèu kls tjâirbls pdutût qul kls slctbolcts# ‛ Bd lst

pdus sâvêrl piur dn gluclssl$ kict Eissult pnrdlrn nvla tnct kl

hâcârlusl syopntjbl# Bd dn plbct `nbedl lt brrâ`dâajbl$ onbs nrklctl

nu vbal$ râtbvl nux eics aicslbds$ pribl `nabdl piur tiutls dls

sâkuatbics# Knvbk$ siddbabtnut dl pnrkic ku Qlbhclur piur tiu/

tls sls `nutls$ kbt sludlolct7 « Qlbhclur$ iuedblzdls`nutls kl on

gluclssl ¶$ pnral qul a(lst kncs alt åhl qul dn ajndlur ku snch

triuedl surtiut citrl rnbsic$ pnral qul a(lst d(åhl ku pâajâ *;"#

Qnbct Noeribsl$ tiut lc olttnct d(naalct sur dl ond oirnd$ lst

lctrnãcâ cnturlddlolct í âcuoârlr nussb dls obsêrls pjysbquls

nuxqulddls cius siools suglts *<"# Lt bd dl `nbt nvla ucl vbsbedl

aiopdnbsncal# Lc`bc bd prlck lc pbtbâ tiutls dls vncbtâs pnr

dlsqulddls cius lssnyics kl cius kbstrnbrl$ lt citnoolct als

pdnbsbrs ku abrqul lt ku tjâåtrl qub `nbsnblct piur dls Uionbcs

kl dn kâanklcal tiut dl prbx kl dn vbl *0"#

Dn aicadusbic í dnqulddl bd vlut neiutbr$ a(lst qul dn vbl lst

onuvnbsl lt qul a(lst dn oirt qub lst uc eblc# Alttl aicadusbic

lst ciuvlddl piur cius$ quibqul tiut al qub dn prâpnrl cius

{>} Kl ùhn sőaudb#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl bctlrplddåtobl$ B$ 52#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Bsnna$ 5 6 Kl eici oirtbs$ ;=6 Kl ùhn$ 1;#

# *;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl bctarpaddntbica$ B$ 5>#

*<" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl eici oirtbs$ >5#

*0" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl ùhn$ ;#




sibt kâgí pdus iu oibcs aiccu pnr d(âtukl qul cius nvics `nbtl

kls I``bals# [iut uc trnbtâ kl snbct Noeribsl$ dl trnbtâ Ku Eblc/

`nbt kl dn oirt#$ n piur ieglt kl dn kâvldipplr# Ic y kbstbchul

tribs oirts# Dn prlobêrl lst alddl qul dl pâajâ prikubt lc

cius$ dn slaickl lst alddl nu aictrnbrl pnr dnqulddl cius oiu/

rics nu pâajâ lt cnbssics í Kblu# Dn tribsbêol aicsbstl kncs

dn sâpnrntbic kl [íol lt ku airps# Dn prlobêrl sludl lst uc

ond#Dn slaickllst dl eblc pnrlxalddlcal#Dn tribsbêol cl slrnbt

uc ond qul sb cius nvbics ond vâau$ onbs al slrnbt citrl `nutl

lt cic dn sblccl *B"$ kiò bd râsudtl qul cius cl klvics pns dn

arnbckrl *5"# Onbs dls ajrâtblcs pnrtnhlct nvla dls snhls kl

d(nctbqubtâ al oâprbs kl dn oirt *1"# Al qub dlur nppnrtblct lc

priprl$ a(lst kl dn arnbckrl sb plu qu(bds lc vblcclct í d(nbolr *;"#

A(lst dn vbl nu aictrnbrl qu(nbolctdls ncablcs lt$ oçol qunck

bds dn qubttlct vidictnbrlolct$ al c(lst pns pnr kâhiöt k(lddl$

onbs piur adirl í d(jlurl ajibsbl pnr lux dl rûdl qu(bds y ict

giuâ# A(lst uc klrcblr jioonhl í dn vbl qul alttl `nèic k(y

rlcicalr# Dl ajrâtblc c(irhncbsl cb sn vbl cb sn oirt# Bd suebt

d(ucl$ bd nttlck d(nutrl# Lt piur dub dl hrnck oârbtl kl dn oirt$

qunck lddl vblct$ a(lst kl olttrl uc tlrol í kls obsêrls kict bd

cldub lst

pns plrobs k(nerâhlr dub/oçoldn kurâl *i"# Qic

noiurkl dn oirt lst kica `nbt kl sn jnbcl kl dn vbl$ anr bd vn gusqu(í

rlhrlttlr k(çtrl câ$ gusqu(í çtrl gndiux ku cânct$ tnct dn rândbtâ

lst boprâhcâl kl pâajâ *0"# « ]ârbssl dl giur iò gl subs câ *8" . ¶

*k" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl eici$ 1#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl jnna$ 82#

*1" Oçol kncs al trnbtâ quldquls nrhuolcts vblcclct lc dbhcl kbrlatl kl

b(ncdbqubdâ7 bd cl `nut pns arnbckrl dn oirt6 anr$ qunck ic vbt$ ic c(lc

siubérl pns lt$ qunck ic lst oirt$ ic c(lc siu`[rl pns knvnctnhl$ pubsqu(ic

c(lst pdus# {Kl eici$ 1=#"

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl eici$ 06 Kl bcbarpaddndbicl$ J$ 0#

*<" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl eici$ >;#

*0" )k#$;#

*8" Gk#$ 1#

\bCbvLUQb[Â KL Dyic# ‛ Pbdd# N# 55



11: DT OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

Bd y n alplcknct kncs sic noiur kl dn oirt uc nutrl âdâ/

olct$ í snvibr ucl lspârncal# Dn oirt c(lst pns piur dub ucl

aicadusbic qu(bd `nut snvibr pdnalr ibb bd aicvblct$ lddl lst uc

aioolcalolct$ uc rlaioolcalolct# Dn oirt lst uc sioolbd$

onbs Kblu râvlbddl alux qub vblcclct kl s lckirobr *>"# Kncs

alttl lspârncal lst oçol dl prbcabpl kl tius dls slctbolcts

qul cius ncndysics# Dn oirt pnrnãt kiual pnral qu(lddl tlr/

obcl ucl vbl obsârnedl$ onbs alttl vbl cl pnrnãt obsârnedlqu(lc aiopnrnbsic kl al qul d(ic olt nu kldí# Alt nu/kldí kiccl í

dn oirt uc anrnatêrl tiut ciuvlnu$ kb``ârlct kl aldub qu(lddl n

qunck lddl `lrol lddl/oçol citrl jirbzic# Anr dn oirt oçolndirs lst hrnckl$ lt gustlolct pnral qu(lddl lst ucl `bc# Lddl lst

hrnckl piur dls ajrâtblcs k(ucl nutrl `nèic$ lt dn eâcâkbatbic

k(uc oiurnct dlur sloedl kâgí vlcbr kl d(âtlrcbtâ eblcjlurlusl

kncs dnqulddl bd lctrl *5"# Alttl nspbrntbic vlrs dn oirt löt

trncsìroâ dl subabkl lc ucl bcstbtutbic pblusl sb$ aiool dl

stiéablc$ dl ajrâtblc sl `öt rlaiccu dl kribt kl kbspislr kl dub/

oçol# Onbs dl ajrbstbncbsol n tiugiurs su sl hnrklr kl d(lxaês

kls slctbolcts qu(bd `nbt cnãtrl#

Dl onrtyrl$ bd lst vrnb$ i``rnbt ucl bssul nux pdus prlssâs# Bd

ùt dn ìrol ajrâtblccl kl dn oirt vidictnbrl# Onbs ndirs oûolqu(bd cl sl râpnck pibct lc uc zêdl priviantlur$ ndirs surtiut$

dl kâsbr ku onrtyrl$ kâsbr nrklct lt râsbhcâ tiut í dn ìbs$ kiccl

í alt noiur kl dn oirt kict cius pnrdics uc slcs vrnbolct

ajrâtblc6 anr dl onrtyrl c(lst pns sludlolct dn oirt$ bd lst dn

oirt piur Kblu lt uc hnhl prbs sur sn obsârbairkl *1"# ]lcknct

dls prloblrs sbêadls bd lst d(lspârncal suprçol$ dl rçvl kls

olbddlurs$ lt d(nttlctl râsidul iò bds vbvlct lopdbt dlur vbl

lctbêrl# Pibdí lcairl piurquib dl plssbobsol ajrâtblc lst uc

plssbobsol giylux lt aiurnhlux# Onbs aiool cius siools

*>" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl eici$ 1;#

*5" Bk#$ 10#

{1">*>#$ :6 A`#Lp#$ ZZZPB$ ;#




dibc kls I``bals kl Abaâric lt oçol kl alux kl snbct Noeribsl .

Bd y n ucl nutrl `nèic kl klvncalr d(jlurl kl dn oirt$ a(lst

kl `nbrl kês alttl vbl aiool sb cius d(nvbics qubttâl# Dn

oirtb`bantbic lst ucl bobtntbic kl dn oirt lt ucl nctbabpntbic#

]nr lddl cius piuvics kês bab/ens âdbrl kiobabdl nu abld aiool

d(npòtrl ]nud lt y lc`lrolr tiutl citrl vbl *>"# Bd su``ãt kl cius

kâpiubddlr kl al qu(bd y n kl oirtld lc cius$ lt tius dls eblc/`nbts kl dn oirt cius slrict nussbtût naqubs *5"# bTius vbvrics

kâtnajâs kl tiut$ onrbâs$ aiool sb cius c(nvbics pns kl `lool$

kncs dn trbstlssl lt kncs dn gibl$ aiool sb lddls cl cius tiu/

ajnblct pns$ rbajls$ aiool sb cius cl pissâkbics rblc# Cius

slrics kncs dl oickl aiool sb cius c(y âtbics pibct *1g# Nbcsb

cius slrics tiut prçts piur d(âtlrcbtâ$ nddâhâs k(uc bcutbdl `nr/

klnu *;"# Lt bd `nut jåtlr alttl aicvlrsbic# ]iur ùbr dl sbêadl

bd `nut nvibr kls nbdls$ lt vidlr aiool uc pnsslrlnu sb ic cl plut

vidlr aiool uc nbhdl *i"# Onbs dls nbdls oçols cl su``bslct pns6

bd `nut kioptlr al airps kict ic vlut s(n``rncajbr *0"# Dls

ncablcs ict aiccu alttl duttl aictrl sib/oçol$ onbs lddl nvnbt

ajlz lux uc tiut nutrl anrnatêrl# Bds cl viudnblct qu(nssurlr

dlur bckâplckncal$ lt d(ic snbt qul piur quldquls ucs k(lctrl

lux tius dls oiylcs âtnblct eics *8"# Bd c(lctrnbt kncs dlurnsaâtbsol nuaucl jnbcl kl dn ajnbr$ bd c(y lctrnbt cic pdus

nuaucl bkâl k(juobdbtâ cb kl snarb`bal# A(lst í dlur priprl vlrtu$

al c(lst pns í Kblu qu(bds booidlct dlurs pnssbics lt dlurs

pdnbsbrs6 bds sl oirtb`blct nvla irhulbd# ]nr dls prbvntbics qu(bd

s(bopisl$ dl ajrâtblc cl ajlrajl nu aictrnbrl qu(í aic`brolr lt

*>" Qnbct Nojrubsl$ Kl eici$ >=#

*5" QnbctNoerib#sf$ Kl jnna$ 5:6 Kl eici$ 2#

*1" Qnbct Nojribsl$ Kl ùhn$ ;0#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl eici$ ;=#

*#<" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl ùhc$ 1=$ 1>#

*0" Qnbct Noeribsl$ [3a Ldbn$ :> lt pcnsbo#

*8" Pibr Wlddlr$ dn ]jbdisipjbl kls Hrlas$ trnk# `rncrnbsl$ t# dbt$ p# 52>$ dn

`nric kict dls aycbquls sl kâ`lcknblct aictrl d(ncbiur#



1;= DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

í kâtnbddlr dl kic qu(bd n `nbt kl dub oûol *>"$ lt bd ìck lc

ucl sludl dls klux vlrtus kict cius cius l`ìrèics kl `nbrl

rlssirtbr d(nutirbtâ aribssnctl 7 dl rlcicalolct lt d(noiur kl

Kblu#

]ubs dl glucl ajlz dls ncablcs c(âtnbt pns alttl bcstbtutbic

râhudbêrl qu(bd ùt ajlz dls ajrâtblcs# Cius siools trip

lcadbcs$ ajnqul ìbs qul cius triuvics kncs d(nctbqubtâ dn trnal

k(bcstbtutbics oirndls ncndihuls nux cûtrls$ í snarb`blr tiutls dls

kb``ârlcals nu pdnbsbr ku rnppriajlolct# Al qub c(âtnbt lc rân/

dbtâ qu(ucl prntbqul lxalptbicclddl klvbct ucl oâtjikl aio/

oucl# Al c(lst pns sludlolct kncs dls dbvrls kls snhls$ a(lst

kncs dn vbl kl tius qul dl glöcl n kâsironbs sn pdnal onrquâl

lt giul sic rûdl# Qnbct Noeribsl lxpdbqul dichulolct al rûdl

kncs uc trnbtâ sur Lddl lt dl glöcl# Dl glöcl n sn plrsiccb`ban/

tbic kncs Ldbl$ aiool d(ieâbssncal kncs Nernjno lt dn ajnstltâkncs Gislpj# Kncs al trnbtâ s(iuvrl lc iutrl ucl dnrhl pnrlc/

tjêsl$ tiutl lc bcvlatbvls nrklctls aictrl dl duxl kl dn tnedl lt

aictrl d(bvrlssl$ lt qub lst pdlbcl kl râvâdntbics sur dls oőurs

ku tlops# Anr bd c(lst pns í suppislr qul snbct Noeribsl

bcvlctl piur edåolr# Qb dls âarbts oirnux kl Abaâric c(i``rlct

rblc kl sloednedl$ al c(lst pns sludlolct pnral qul dl oirn/

dbstl âtnbt oibcs sâvêrl$ onbs pnral qul dls oőurs âtnblct oibcs

rldåajâls# Onbs eircics/cius nux oârbtls ku glöcl qul alttl

plbcturl qub dlur lst ippisâl cl `nbt qul oblux rlssirtbr# *Qb al

sict dí$ lc l``lt$ aiool bd lst prienedl$ klux `rnholcts kl

slroics kb``ârlcts$ bds âtnblct eblc `nbts piur çtrl guxtnpisâs#"

Qnbct Noeribsl cl câhdbhl nuauc nrhuolct# Dl glöcl lst âai/

ciobqul *5"$ bd aicslrvl dn elnutâ *1"$ bd nssnbsiccl d(nppâtbt *;"#

Ribab onbctlcnct kls oârbtls k(uc nutrl irkrl# Dl glöcl lst dl

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ El jici$ 5e#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Ldw$ 55#

*1"Gk#$ 1=#

*;" Bk#$ 15#



AIOOLC[NBULQ Q\U DLQ ]N[UBNUAJLQ# 1;>

`bkêdl hnrkblc kl dn ajnstltâ *b"$ tnckbs qul sic aictrnbrl lst íd(irbhbcl kl tiutls dls `nutls# Qb Lvl nvnbt su glöclr$ bd c(y

nurnbt pns lu kl prloblr pâajâ *5"# Dl glöcl huârbt dls åols

lt$ al qub vnut oblux lcairl$ dls prâslrvl kl tiutl ajutl# Aictrl

dn tlctntbic Kblu cius n kiccâ dl glöcl *1"# Glöclz lt prblz$

kbt d(Lvnchbdl$ piur cl pns lctrlr lc tlctntbic *;"# Dl glöcl lst

piur [íol ucl kbsabpdbcl qu(lddl `bcbt pnr nbolr *Q"# A(lst sn

ciurrbturl í lddl lt qub `nbt rlssloedlr sn vbl í dn vbl boontâ/rblddl kls nchls *0"# Bd lst ucl vbatibrl rlopirtâl sur citrl airps$

sur dn cnturl$ aicsbkârâs aiool kls iestnadls í citrl âclrhbl

oirndl *8"# Kl alttl plcsâl dls ajrâtblcs tbrlct kls rnbsics kl

glöclr qub piur dls pnélcs c(lxbstnblct pns nussb bopârblusls#

Dl glöcl lst piur lux uc aioent quitbkblc *:" qub cic sludlolct

prâpnrl í dn vlrtu$ onbs lc lst dn `irol câalssnbrl# Bd c(lst pns

uc oiylc$ bd lst í dub slud sn `bc# Dl ajrâtblc glöcl piur glöclr$lt snbct Noeribsl kâaiuvrl kncs aldub qub glöcl tiutls dls

hråals lt tius dls oârbtls *2"# Glöclr lst$ sldic dub$ al qul Kblu

n k(neirk lcslbhcâ nux jiools *>="$ lt tlddl lst d(nutirbtâ kl

alttl vlrtu qul dls dbics qub lctiurnblct Kncbld `urlct rlckus

tlopârncts pnr sic lxlopdl *>>"#

Alttl lxndtntbic ku glöcl suppisl ucl irblctntbic ciuvlddl

kl dn vlrtu ajrâtblccl lt lxpdbqul qu(lddl nbt pu pnrnãtrl uclvlrtu trbstl# Dl vrnb ajrâtblc aicslrvl sncs kiutl gusqul kncs

dl glöcl lt dn oirtb`bantbic ucl hnbltâ `nbtl k(noiur lt k(lspâ/

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Ldbn$ ;#

*5" Bk#$ >#

*1" Bk#$b#

*;" Bk#$ 8#

*<" Bk#$ 5#

*0" Bk#$ ;#

{d"dk#$ b#

*:" Bk#$ 82#

*2" ék#$ 1i#

*>=" Bk#$ 0#

*>>" Bk#$ 5=#



1;5 DN OIUNDL KL QNDC[ NOEUIBQL#

rncal# Ic aioprlck tiutlìbs qul kls ajrâtblcs kl qundbtâ

oibckrl nblct pdbâ sius[lbrirt$ lt oçdâ quldquls rlhrlts nux prb/

vntbics qu(bds s(bopisnblct# Giylusl iu sbopdlolct râsbhcâl$

dn vbl nsaâtbqul klvblct kica dn vbl ajrâtblccl pnr lxalddlcal#

Dls sbêadls prâaâklcts nvnblct pdutût obs dl tiut ku ajrbstbn/

cbsol kncs dn ajnrbtâ$ lt Ajrysistiol dn prâ`êrl lcairl í tiu/

tls dls nestbclcals *>"# Aldub qub nbol$ nvnbt kbt ]idyanrpl$ lst

dibc kl tiut pâajâ *5"# Qnbct Noeribsl n kbt dn oçol ajisl$

kncs dl trnbtâ qul cius vlcics k(ncndyslr$ kl aldub qub glöcl#

R n/t/bd lctrl als klux oncbêrls k(çtrl ucl nctbciobl$ lt dn vlrtu

ajrâtblccl sl kâvldippl/t/lddl lc aicìrobtâ iu lc ippisbtbic

nvla sls prbcabpls dirsqu(lddl neiutbt í alttl ìroudl ciuvlddl 7

dl glöcl lt d(nestbclcal9

Al c(lst pibct ucl qulstbic k(jbstibrl$ onbs kl dihbqul oirndl

qul cius viudics kbsautlr# Ic n pu siutlcbr lc l``lt$ sncs

lcaiurbr nuauc siupèic kl aiopdnbsncal cb kl rldåajlolct$qu(í çtrl trip kur piur sib ic rbsqul kl dl klvlcbr piur dls

nutrls lt kl plrkrl dl slcs ku eblc qu(ic plut dlur `nbrl# Bd

`nut snvibr lcairl dl prbx ku pdnbsbr piur ajlrajlr í `nbrl pdnb/

sbr# ‛ Onbs cius ariyics qul a(lst dí ucl sablcal qub cl sl

plrk pns$ lt qul d(nsaêtl qub kbsputl í nutrub al qu(bd sl rlùsl

í dub/oçol lst aldub qub c(n pns tiut í `nbt rlcicaâ lt qu(ucl

iesaurl gndiusbl tiurolctl lc `nal kls giubssncals qu(bd cl sl

plrolt pdus# [ripklzêdl kâcitl tiugiurs quldqul boplr`latbic#

]lrsiccl$ nu aictrnbrl$ c(lst sb tidârnct lt sb eic qul aldub kict

dl snarb`bal lst klpubs dichtlops aicsiooâ# Dls gibls k(nutrub

sict klvlculs$ nvla dls gibls kl dn pbâtâ$ sls sludls gibls$ lt bd lst

oçol kiutlux qul aldub qub plcsl lcairl í dub pubssl í al

pibct plcslr nux nutrls# Ku oibcs lst/bd câalssnbrl k(çtrl lxlraâ

í erbklr sic âhiésol$ lt vibdí aioolct dn ajnrbtâ triuvl

kncs d(nestbclcal uc slaiurs lt cic uc iestnadl# « Ic plut$

*;" Ajrysistiol$ Jio#$ d bc Onttj#$ S 8#

*5" ]idyanrpl$ Lp#$ o#



ÂAFB[Q Q\U DN PBUHBCB[Â# 1;1

kbt uc gb7rncbd aictiopirnbc$ kâsbrlr k(çtrl eic$ rçvlr kl `nbrl dl

eblc sncs glöclr$ onbs$ lc rândbtâ$ a(lst nussb bopissbedl qul kl

onrajlr sncs çtrl kleiut *>"# ""Dn ajnrbtâ ltd(nestbclcalcl sict

kica pns klux vlrtus lcclobls$ lt dl ajrâtblc plut prntbqulr

d(ucl sncs rlcblr d(nutrl$ onbs nu aictrnbrl piur dn oblux

slrvbr#

Alttl kâoicstrntbic `nbtl$ cius cl cbics pns qu(ic c(nbt glöcâ

nvla lxaês lt qul elnuaiup$ kncs dn rândbtâ$ oçol pnrob dls

eics$ cl s(lc siblct tlcus í d(nestbclcal sncs nddlr gusqu(í dn ajn/

rbtâ# Âpubsnct dlur ld[irt oirnd$ dn klrcbêrl vlcul lt pnr subtl

dn pdus nrkloolct prçajâl kl als klux vlrtus s(lst triuvâl dls

kâtiurclr nbcsb kl sic nbcâl$ kl dn pdus ajrâtblccl kls vlrtus

ajrâtblccls# Anr$ piur dn pdupnrt kls åols$ a(lst trip kl klux

vlrtus#

BBB

Âarbts sur dn vbrhbcbtâ#

Kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs kl snbct Noeribsl aiool kncs

aldub klAbaâric$ dls `lools sict iuedbâls# Alt iuedb lstkâdãcbtb`

ajlz Abaâric$ lt aldn su``bt í `nbrl kl sn oirndl$ kict alrtnbcs

âdâolcts sict sb vbvncts lcairl$ ucl oirndl oirtl kncs sic

lcsloedl# \c dbvrl kl oirndl oiklrcl lc l``lt s(nkrlssl nux

`lools aiool nux jiools$ í oibcs qu(bd cl spâab`bl# Qnbct

Noeribsl s(âtnbt nkrlssâ nux `lools nvnct kl s(nkrlsslr nux

jiools# Dl trnbtâ Kls Pblrhls lSb uc kl sls prloblrs iuvrnhls$

qu(bd rlprikubsbt sius pdusblurs `irols *5"# Bd sl triuvl nbcsbaicsnarlr nux `lools kl cioerlux âarbts qub trnbtlct uc suglt

*>" [idstié$ `rnholct abtâ pnr dl Giurccd kls Kâends ku 5; niöt >:25#

*5g Kl vbc`bbòeus6 Kl vbbdubs 6 Kl vbrhbcbtntl 6 Kl bbbsdbtutbicl abr4gbcbs 6 Lxjir/

tndti vbrhbcbtntbs$ lt Kl dnpsuvbrhbnbc kict d(ntdrbeudbic lst aictlstâl#



1;; DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUÖBQL#

ucbqul 7 dn vbrhbcbtâ# Cius `lrics rlssirtbr dls aicsâqulcals

viuduls iu cic kl alttl prâiaaupntbic lxadusbvl# Kbsics$ lc

nttlcknct$ qul snbct Noeribsl ùt lc l``lt duc kls npûtrls kl dn

vbrhbcbtâ ajrâtblccl# Bd obt sic jicclur k(âvûqul í viulr nu

Qlbhclur dls pdus ciedls kls vblrhls lt alddls qub dub âtnblct dl

pdus ajêrls *>"# dblc vlcnbt í dub kl tiutl d(Btndbl *5"# Al ùt ucl

aictnhbic kl purltâ qub bcqubâtn oçol dls âaiciobstls ku

tlops# Onbs$ sncs rltrnalr bab tiut dl ròdl jbstirbqul kl citrl

snbct$ qub ùt aicsbkârnedl$ lsqubssics dls hrnckls dbhcls klalttl prâkbantbic ciuvlddl qub$ nu oiolct prâabs iòcius sio/

ols$ klvblct @uc kls tjêols irkbcnbrls kl dn prâkbantbic ajrâ/

tblccl#

A(lst ucl vlrtu priprlolct ajrâtblccl qul dn vlrtu kl vbrhb/

cbtâ$ priadnol tiut k(neirk snbct Noeribsl# Bd aiopnrl dls

vblrhls ajrâtblccls nux vlstndls 6‛ bd n lu$ cius dl snvics$

piur râpickrl í Qyoonqul$ í rlprlckrl alttl aiopnrnbsic6‛lt bd prlck lc pbtbâ alttl puklur qub c(n qu(uc tlops$ alttl

puklur iò bd `nut pdutût vibr ucl râslrvl kl slcsundbtâ `nbtl piur

dn vblbddlssl# ]ubs al sict kls dibs abvbdls$ kls priolssls

k(jicclurs lt kl rlsplat qub kâabklct kl als viantbics# Alttl

vbrhbcbtâ privbsibrl lt duarntbvl c(lst qu(ucl `nèic kl `nbrl

nrhlctkl sic airps *#1"$ lt lddl c(ûtl rblc í al anrnatêrl k(bopu/

kbabtâ kls rldbhbics nctbquls kict dl audtl kl Enaajus cius

kiccl dn citl vrnbl *;"# Nu aictrnbrl dl ajrbstbncbsol n `nbt kl

dn vbrhbcbtâ ucl vlrtu$ ucl vlrtu í dub$ qub boprbol dn onrqul kl

dn ìb ajrâtblccl sur tius alux qub dn prntbqulct$ ucl vlrtu

`âaickl lc nutrls vlrtus$ lt kict snbct Noeribsl âarbt$ í pdusblurs

rlprbsls$ qu(lddl su``bt í cius `nbrl sloednedls nux nchls *<"#

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl bcstbbutbicl vbrhbcbs$ >#

*5"Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbr*gbcbeus$ >$ <8#

*1" Bk#$ ><#

*;" Bk#$ >0#

*<" Bk$$ >=$ J$ <56 Kl vbrhbcbtntl$ 586 Lxjirtntbi vbrhbcbtntbs$ >2#



ÂAUB[Q Q\U DN PBUHBCB[Â# 1;<

D(bopukbabtâ n `nbt klsalckrldls

nchls ku Abld6

dlur ajnstldây`nbt oictlr dls vblrhls *>"# J y n kica dí ucl ìrol kl eblc

oirnd í dnqulddl tiutls dls nutrls sl rnoêclct# D(l`ìrt kl dn

vlrtu c(lst pdus qu(uc kuld lchnhâ aictrl dn ajnbr#

Qnbct Noeribsl$ piur oblux diulr dn vbrhbcbtâ$ tiurcl lc

rbkbaudl dl duxl kls bopukbquls# Dnpòtrl sl `nbt sntbrbqul# Bd

s(lc prlck í als `lools qub$ pnr dl `nrk lt d(nrtb`bal$ s(l`[iralct

kl pnrnãtrl nutrls qu(lddls cl sict# A(lst kica qu(lddls sl triu/vlct ond$ lt lddls cl plcslct pns qu(lddls trnjbsslct nbcsb dl plu

kl ans qu(lddls ìct k(lddls/oçols# Lddls s(âticclrict nprês aldn

qu(ic dls guhl aiool lddls sl sict guhâls# Al c(lst pns lddls

qu(ic nbol qunck ic dls nbol# Lddls rlcklct nbcsb nkudtêrl tiut

noiur kict lddls sict d(ieglt *5"# Riylz alddl/ab qub s(nvncal$

sloednedl í ucl stntul sius uc knbs# Ic dn rlhnrkl aiool uc

ieglt aurblux# Qls l`ìrts piur pdnbrl cl ìct qul d(lcdnbkbr# Lddln dls irlbddls kâajbrâls$ lt sn tçtl pdbl aiool sius uc `nrklnu#

ûbopirtl qul al siblct kls oâtnux prâablux$ bds c(lc pêslct

pns oibcs# Al aiu pirtl ucl ajnãcl$ quibqul dn ajnãcl sibt

k(ir *1"# Jlurlusls vblrhls qub bhcirlz als suppdbals$ vius kict

dn puklur `nbt dn elnutâ$ ucl elnutâ qub cl arnbct pns dl tlops

lt qub sludl pdnãt í Kblu *;" .

Dn sntbrl kl snbct Noeribsl cl s(nrrçtl pns dí# Dl hrncknkvlrsnbrl kl dn vbrhbcbtâ$ a(lst dl onrbnhl$ lt dl snbct âvçqul sl

dnbssl lctrnãclrn kâprâablr dl onrbnhl# ûlddl trbstl aickbtbic

k(neirk qul alddl kl dn kloibslddl í onrblr . D(lsadnvl qul d(ic

vlck nux lcajêrls lst pdus jlurlux# ûldqulìbs$ ku oibcs$ bd

ajibsbt sic onãtrl 6 dn glucl `bddl c(n gnonbs dl kribt kl ajibsbr#

N plbcl n/t/lddl dl kribt kl sl dnbsslr vibr sncs qul sic jicclur

lc sibt nttlbct# Lddl lst kica râkubtl í `nbrl kls vőux lt í trlo/

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbrhbcbeus$ d$ <5#

*5" Bk#$ 5:#

*1" Bk#$ <;$ <<#

*;" Bk#$ 5=#



1;0 DN OIUNDL KL QNDC[ NOEUIBQL#

jblr lc slarlt lt lc sbdlcal *>"# ‛ Dl sirt kls pnrlcts c(lst

huêrl pdus lcvbnedl6 bds vludlct nvibr kls pltbds/lc`nuts$ onbs

bds aioolcalct pnr dbvrlr dlurs lc`ncts í lux$ ajnchlnct dl

alrtnbc aictrl d(bcalrtnbc# Nvla d(lc`nct bds dbvrlct dn kit$ anr uc

hlckrl s(najêtl6 nprês quib bd dlur `nut sl jåtlr kl oiurbr piur

cl pns dub klvlcbr ikblux *5"# Dn aicadusbic í tbrlr lst qul dls

pnrlcts ict tiut bctârçt í kicclr dlurs `bddls nu Qlbhclur6 nbcsb

lddls cl sict pibct plrkuls piur lux$ onbs nttbrlct sur dlur

vblbddlssl tiutls sirtls kl eâcâkbatbics *1"#

‛ Dls gibls kuonrbnhl sict dibc k(çtrl ucl su``bsnctl aioplcsntbic í tius

dls lccubs qub dl prâaêklct# Qnbct Noeribsl bcsbstl sur dn slr/

vbtukl iò dls dibs lt dls oőurs olttlct dls `lools# Dl dblc

aicguhnd lstucdblcltuc giuh$nbcsbqulrbckbqulrâtyoidihbl*;"#

Qnbct Noeribsl$ qub cl câhdbhl nuauc nrhuolct$ ajlrajl kncs

d(noiur kl d(bckâplckncal uc slctbolct qub slrvl í dn ajnstltâ

kl rlc`irt# Dl tlops c(lst pns lcairl iò al slrict d(nttrnbt kl dn

kbsabpdbcl lt aiool dn pnssbic kl d(ieâbssncal qub plupdlrict dls

aiuvlcts# Cius cl piuvics knvnctnhl aioprlckrl kncs dn prâ/

kbantbick(Noeribsl qu(bd ajlrajl í kâtiurclr ku onrbnhl pnr dn

aicsbkârntbic oçol klsklvibrsqu(bd bopislltaioolpnr d(l``rib

kl dn ontlrcbtâ# Anr a(lst dí spâaudlr sur dn dåajltâ juonbcl$ lt

sl aictlctlr í plu kl `rnbs lc `nbt kl viantbic# Bd cl vn pns

gusqu(í pnrdlr aiool [lrtuddblc kl cnusâls kl `lool lcalbctl$

kl slbcs enddncts lt kl obiajls qub ernbddlct *<"# Al c(lc lst

pns oibcs d(lsprbt kl [lrtuddblc qub siu``dl lc dub$ lt dub bcspbrl

ucl sirtl kl kâhiöt piur als dibs lt als oystêb(ls kl dn cnturl

kict dl rlsplat prlck nu aictrnbrl ajlz cius dn `irol k(uc

slctbolct rldbhblux# Dn piâsbl kl dn ontlrcbtâ c(lxbstl pns piur

*b" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbrhbcbebbn$ >$ bbI#

*5" Bk#$ 116 A`# Lxjirdntbivbr^bcbtntbs$ 5=#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl Bcstbtutbicl vbrhbcbs$ b#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbrbgbcbtntl$ 11#

*<" Pibr$ kncs cibrl ajnpbtrl o$ \c ippisnct 7 [lrdudddac#



ÂAUB[Q Q\U DN PBUHBCB[Â# 1;8

dub6bd

c(lc kâarbt qul dls diurkls ajnrhls7

hrisslssl$ nddnbtl/olct$ âkuantbic# Lt s(bd cl pnrdl pns kl tius dls ajnhrbcs qub

vblcclct nux oêrls kl dlurs lc`ncts$ a(lst pnr ucl râtbalcal

pdlbcl kl pbtbâ lt piur cl pns nttrbstlr alddls qub d(âaiutlct#

Nbcsb dn oêrl cl alssl kl siu``rbr pnr sic `bds# Lddl siu``rl pnr

dub nvnct qu(bd sibt câ$ lddl siu``rl piur qu(bd cnbssl$ lt$

qunck bdlstcâ$ sn siddbabtukl c(lst qu(ucl dichul siu``rncal*d"#

Lt snbct Noeribsl$ qub âarbt als ajisls$ cl slct cb dn snbctltâkl al snarb`bal quitbkblc$ cb dl prbx bc`bcb k(uc noiur sb ajêrl/

olct najltâ.

Bd sl kâ`lck tiutlìbs kl aicknoclr dl onrbnhl# Lt k(neirk bd

c(nkolt pns qu(ic erbsl kls dblcs ucl ìbs ìroâs piur sl viulr

í uc âtnt olbddlur# D(Lhdbsl lst uc ajnop qub pirtl pdusblurs

`rubts# Dí sict dls vblrhls$ dí sict dls vluvls$ dí sict dls `lools

onrbâls# Ajnaucl n sic dit *5"# K(irkbcnbrl bd cl tblct pns dn

endncal âhndl$ lt olt clttlolct d(âtnt kl vbrhbcbtâ nu/klssus kl

d(âtnt kl onrbnhl# Onbs lc`bc dn vbrhbcbtâ c(lst pns iedbhntibrl$ lt bd

vnut oblux sl onrblr qul kl s(lxpislr í kls tlctntbics trip

ìrtls# Qnbct Noeribsl rlprlck bab$ lt nvla bcsbstncal$ dn kbstbca/

tbic aiccul kls aicslbds lt kls prâalptls# Dn vbrhbcbtâ lst dl `nbt

k(ucl âdbtl$ cic kl tius# Lddl lst ucl vlrtu$ cic uc klvibr# Lt

bd `nut eblc qul quldquls ucls sl onrblct piur qul dl triuplnukls vblrhls sl rlarutl lt sl rlciuvlddl# Aicknoclr dl onrbnhl$

al slrnbt aicknoclr dls cnbssncals lt dn vbl lddl/oçol# Al slrnbt

kicclr tirt í alux qub cius ict lchlckrâs$ al slrnbt rioprl nvla

dn siabâtâ$ dn cnturl# Qnbct Noeribsl n plur kl al pnrnkixl *1"#

Dls `lools onrbâls ìct kica ucl elsihcl utbdl$ onbs dls

vblrhls sl sict râslrvâls dn olbddlurl pnrt#

Bd s(lc `nut kl elnuaiup k(nbddlurs qu(lddls nblct rlcicaâ í tiutl

*b" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl dbrhbcbjbbs$ V$ 5bb$ 5=$ 1=6 Lxjirtntbi vbrhbcd/

tb\bs$ 5=#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbrhbcbtnta$ 1;#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbrbgbcbebbs$ B$ 1;$ 1bb#



1;: DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

tlckrlssl# A(lst lctrl lddls surtiut lt dl Ajrbst *Vu(uc pnatl oystb/

qul lstaicadu# D(íolkldnvblrhllstrâpiusl$ dlAjrbstlstrâpiux#

Lt al sict lctrl d(âpiusl lt d(âpiux k(bcl``nedls noiurs# Dl Anc/

tbqul kls Anctbquls lc n kiccâ í d(nvncal dn klsarbptbic nddâhi/

rbqul 7 « Gl dl tblcs$ lt cl dl dnbsslrnb pns pnrtbr sncs dl `nbrl lctrlr

kncs dn klolurl kl on oêrl$ kncs dl dbt kl alddl qub o(n aicèul# ¶

Lctlcklz pnr dí qul dl Ajrbst kibt jnebtlr nu `ick oûol kl

citrl aőur lt qul cius klvics tiut y prâpnrlr piur dl rlalvibr#

Dn purltâ kl dn aicsablcal vbrhbcndl klvblct nbcsb uc hnhl

k(noiur# Al c(lst pns uc siuab âhiéstl kl sn priprl bccialcal$

al c(lst oçol pns ucl jirrlur cnturlddl piur tiut al qub

siubddl$ a(lst dn plcsâl kl d(jûtl nttlcku qub pritêhl dn vblrhl

aictrl tiutl nutrl sâkuatbic# Dl rlcicalolct qul dn vbrhbcbtâ

bopdbqul cl vn kica pns sncs aioplcsntbic$ lt dl aőur kl dn

vblrhl `lroâ í tiut noiur juonbc c(lst pns `lroâ í tiut

noiur *>"# Dl Kblu kls aiuvlcts lst nutrl ajisl qu(uc pêrlpiur alddls qub d(nkirlct$ lt tius dls slctbolcts `âobcbcs

kâtiurcâs kl dlur ieglt priprl triuvlct lc dub ucl bkândl

sntbs`natbic# D(noiur kl Kblu nbcsb aicèu râpnckbt sur dn

pbâtâ kl dn `lool lt pdus tnrk$ pnr d(l``lt k(ucl sirtl kl

aictnhbic$ sur dn pbâtâ kl d(jiool oçol$ ucl aurblusl slctb/

olctndbtâ# ]ubs dn vbrhbcbtâ kâgí obsl í sb jnut prbx lst rl/

jnussâl lcairl pnr d(bkâl kls cials oystbquls qub lc sict

dl sndnbrl$ lt snbct Noeribsl ajnctl aiool kls dbtncbls lc sic

jicclur *5"#

^ul sb kls pnrlcts bopruklcts vludlct s(ippislr í ucl sb elddl

viantbic$ al slrn piur dn vblrhl ucl âprluvl prâdbobcnbrl í

suebr qul alttl duttl aictrl dls sblcs kict lddl sirtbrn n``lrobl#

Anr lddl duttlrn$ lt cl sl dnbsslrn nrrçtlr pnr nuaucl aicsbkârntbic

k(bctârçt lt k(n``latbic# A(lst uc prloblr snarb`bal qu(bd dub `nut

naaiopdbr$ lt$ lc trbiopjnct kl sn `nobddl$ lddl trbiopjlrn ku

*>" Qnbo Noeribsl$ Kl vbrgbcbtnta$ 88/:;6 A`# Kl vbrhbcbebbs$ B$ 55$ 1:#

*5" Qnb#ct Noeribsl$ Kl bcstbtutbicl vbrhbcbs$ 2$ ><#



LAUB[Q Q\U DN PBUHBCB[Â# 1b2

sbêadl *>"# K(nbddlurs alttl `nobddl cl klonckl siuvlct qu(í çtrl

vnbcaul lt sls ieglatbics c(ict piur `bc qul kl rlaiccnãtrl dls

viantbics vârbtnedls# Q(bd lc âtnbt nutrlolct$ dn vblrhl onbc/

tblckrnbt lcvlrs lt aictrl tius dls kribts kl sn aicsablcal lt kl

sic nvlcbr rldbhblux# Qnbct Noeribsl nppirtl d(lxlopdl k(ucl

glucl `bddl ciedl siddbabtnct dn aicsâarntbic ku prçtrl$ lt rlpius/

snct nvla ucl pblusl bcsidlcal tius alux qub vludlct dn kâtiurclr

kl sic priglt# « ûl `nbtls/vius lt piurquib plrkrl vis sibcs í

ol ajlrajlr uc pnrtb kncs dl oickl9 Gl subs kâgí piurvul# Pius

o(i``rlz uc âpiux lt g(lc nb ajibsb uc nutrl# Dl vûtrl lst/bd

nussb rbajl lt nussb hrnck qul dl oblc 9 Ndirs gl vlrrnb

qulddl râpicsl g(nurnb í `nbrl# Onbs sb aldub qul vius olprâslctlz lst uc jiool$ tnckbs qul g(nb râsidu kl ol kicclr í

Kblu$ viudibr o(lcdlvlr í alt âpiux kbvbc$ al c(lst pns âtnedbr

on ìrtucl$ a(lst gndiuslr oic eicjlur *5"# ¶ Al c(lst pns cius

qub trnkubsics bab$ a(lst Eiurkndiul qub n trnkubt lt rlprikubt

als dbhcls kncs uc slroic sur dls Klvibrs kls pêrls$ lt dn abtntbic

qu(bd lc `nbt su``bt í onrqulr dlur pirtâl# Qnbct Noeribsl

ìroudl bab tiutl ucl kiatrbcl oirndl$ alddl kl d(bcvbidnebdbtâ

kls viantbics$ lt snarb`bl sncs noenhls tius dls klvibrs lt tius

dls kribts qu(lddls triuvlct sur dlur ajlobc# ûl kl krnols kl

aicsablcal lt kl `nobddl ict rlèu í d(nvncal kncs alttl prâkb/

antbic qul cius ncndysics dlur bopbtiynedl sidutbic.

Ic aioprlck qul alttl prâkbantbic nbt siudlvâ kls tlopçtls#

D(âviqul `bt aiurnhluslolct `nal í tiutls dls nttnquls# >> rlprâ/

slctl qu(bd lst kncs sic rûdl$ qub lst aldub k(uc pçajlur k(íols *1"#

Ic dub rlpriajl k(lcslbhclr al qul sic klvibr lst k(lcslb/

hclr *;"# D(bkâl cl vblct pns kl rlpriajlr í Glpjtâ sic snarb/

`bal# Dn vidictâ kl Kblu dl aiuvrl# Qnbct Noeribsl klonckl kls

*b" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl vbrhbcbeuS$ B$ 01# Qb vbuabs kibcuo$ vbcabs sőauduo#

*5" Bab#$ Abd#

*1" Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl vbrhbcbtntl$ >52#

*;" O#$ >1#



11= DN OIUNDL KL QNDT[ NOEUIBQL#

snarb`bals oibckrls lt diud dl oickl s(bcsurhl *>"# Lst/al dn

oudtbpdbabtâ kls viantbics qub bcqubêtl dls pidbtbquls9 DFdnt

nurn/t/bd í lc siu``rbr9 Dn pipudntbic vn/t/lddl kbobculr9 ûl

d(ic ol oictrl$ kbt snbct Noeribsl$ aldub qub ajlrajl ucl `lool

lt qub c(lc triuvl pns# Bd sloedl nu aictrnbrl qul dn pipudntbic

aribssl dí iò dl cioerl kls vblrhls lst pdus hrnck# ]ubs$ sict/al

dí vrnbolct kls rnbsics qub vnbddlct$ lt aicslbddlrblz/vius í ucl

`lool onrbâl d(bcaictbclcal lt d(nkudtêrl piur nuholctlr dl

cioerl kls cnbssncals *5"9 Dls nrhuolcts âaiciobquls c(ict

pns nvla alux kl dn aicsablcal kl aiooucl olsurl# Dí iò dn

`nobddl c(lst pdus rblc$ í pdus ìrtl rnbsic d(Ltnt alssl/t/bd kl

aioptlr# Nussb snbct Noeribsl kbsautl/t/bd kl jnut lt aiool

pnr aiopdnbsncal# N alux qub dub rlpriajlct k(boprbolr sur

kls lc`ncts trip glucls dn onrqul bckâdâebdl kl dn aicsâarntbic

rldbhblusl$ bd râpick qul dn viantbic c(nttlck siuvlct pns

dl cioerl kls nccâls lt qul d(lsprbt kl Kblu siu``dl iò bd

vlut *1"#

Bd s(l`diral lc`bc k(âtnedbr al qub$ kncs dn pdâcbtukl kl sn ìb#

dl kbsplcslrnbt kl tiut nutrl nrhuolct$ qul dn vbrhbcbtâ lst k(bcs/

tbtutbic kbvbcl# Dls nchls cl sl onrblct pns$ lt dl Ajrbst lt dls

npûtrls ict prçajâ dn purltâ *;"# Onbs quntrl sbêadls eblctût sl

sict âaiudâs klpubs dn prâkbantbic ku Ajrbst$ lt snbct Noeribsl$

nviuics/dl$ cl triuvl pns kncs als quntrl sbêadls dn trnkbtbic

qu(bd ajlrajl rldntbvlolct í d(lcslbhclolct kl dn vbrhbcbtâ# Bd

cl d(löt triuvâl qul ajlz dls oictncbstls# N vrnb kbrl$ kncs d(ir/

tjikixbl ajrâtblccl$ alttl trnkbtbic kntl kl dub# Ku oibcs

ajlrajl/t/bd lt triuvl/t/bd piur alttl vlrtu hrnckbssnctl kls

oikêdls lt kls snbctls# A(lst [bbêadn$ vbatbol kl sic ipbcbåtrl

vbrhbcbtâ$ aicknocâl nux dbics$ lt rlsplatâl pnr lux# Lcvlrs

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbrhbcJnta$ <$ >=#

*5" Bk#$ 1<$ 18#

*1" >*>#$ 12$ ;=#

*;" G*)#$ 5:$ 52#



LAUB[Q Q\U DN PBUHBCB[Â# 1<>

lddl$ sb dls jiools sl aickubslct aiool kls eçtls `nuvls$ dls

têtls ict prbs kls slctbolcts dbuonbcs lt pukbqulolct dub

enbslct dls pblks í dlur oncbêrl *>"# A(lst dn vblrhl k(Nctbiajl

nu dupncnr$ snuvâl ku kâsjicclur pnr dl sidknt kict lddl

d(nttlcknbt# >> jbb kiccl sls vçtlolcts6 lddl plut `ubr6 bdast aic/

knocâ í sn pdnal 6 onbs lddl rlvblct oiurbr nvla dub *5"#‛

Aurblux râabt iò dl rlsplat kl dn puklur$ olttnct lctrl klux

çtrls ucl tlckrl aiopdbabtâ$ kâvldippl lc lux uc slctbolct

vibsbc kl d(noiur pri`ncl# Nius rlvblckrics sur als aicsâ/

qulcals boprâvuls ku audtl kl dn vbrhbcbtâ#

Onbs dn pntriccl vârbtnedl kl dn vbrhbcbtâ$ a(lst dn vblrhl

Onrbl# Ql plut/bd uc pdus ciedl oikêdl qul dn oêrl kl Kblu9

Lddl lst vblrhl$ cic sludlolct kl airps$ onbs k(íol# Nuaucl

plcsâl k(bctârçt cl d(n siubddâl# Lddl c(n `nbt kl ond í plrsiccl$

onbs í tius lddl n viudu ku eblc$ lt snbct Noeribsl âcuoêrl

tiutls dls vlrtus `âobcbcls piur dls nttrbeulr suaalssbvlolct

í Onrbl# Alttl âcuoârntbic cius oictrl ku oibcs kl qulds

trnbts bd aiopisnbt d(bonhl bkândl kl dn vblrhl# Qncs erusqulrbl

kncs dl hlstl$ sncs oiddlssl kncs dn kâonrajl$ sncs âadnts

kncs dn vibx$ kiual lcvlrs dls sblcs$ bhcirnct dn rnbddlrbl lt

dl oâprbs *1"# Al qub anrnatârbsl lc iutrl alttl nttbtukl lt als

vlrtus ajlz ucl vblrhl$ a(lst qul dn puklur dls naaiopnhcl

tiutls lt lctrl lc tiutls aiool uc âdâolct# Alplcknct kls

trnbts pdus plrsicclds í Onrbl lc najêvlct d(bonhl$ sn pu/

klur ld`nriuajâl dirsqul d(nchl dub nppnrut$ pubs dn kiabdbtâ

kl sn `ib$ lt lc`bc alttl juobdbtâ qub dub `nbt triuvlr kls rnbsics

kl s(nenbsslr gusqul kncs d(bcsbhcl jicclur qu(lddl rlèibt#

Oêrl kl Kblu lddl lst sn slrvnctl lt sic âdêvl *;"# Pblrhl

nvnct sn ontlrcbtâ$ lddl rlstl vblrhl nprês$ aiool piur

*>" Qnbct Nojridsf$ Kl vbrhbcbebbs$ BB$ 1=#

*5" Bk#$ 55$ 5;#

*1" Bk#$ 8#

*;" G*)#$ >>$ >1#



1<5 DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

aictbculrk(lc çtrl kbhcl$ lt

piur çtrlpdus lctbêrl í sic `bds

lt í sic Kblu *>"# Lc lddl dn vbrhbcbtâ nttlbct kica tiutl

sn plr`latbic lt tiut sic âadnt$ lt dn vbl kl alttl vblrhl

pnr lxalddlcal klvblct piur tiutls dls vblrhls ucl rêhdl lc

natl *5"# Nbcsb aioolcal nu bv% sbêadl dl audtl kl dn vblrhl

Onrbl$ qub klvnbt tlcbr kncs dn rldbhbic lt kncs dn oirndl

ajrâtblccl ucl sb hrnckl pdnal#

N alt âdihl kl dn vbrhbcbtâ$ snbct Noeribsl ngiutl kls aicslbds

sur dn ciurrbturl kls vblrhls$ sur tius dls kâtnbds kl dlur vbl$

kâtnbds qub aicstbtulct aiool dn rêhdl k(uc irkrl cnbssnct# Dn

vblrhl uslrn oikârâolct kl vbc# Dl vbc lt dn gluclssl sict

klux bcalckbnbrls# Bd `nut prlckrl hnrkl k(lxabtlr d(uc pnr

d(nutrl *1"# Lddl âvbtlrn kl oçol dls `lstbcs lt tiutl râucbic

cioerlusl *;"6 lddl cl `lrn qul dls vbsbtls lxbhâls pnr dl rlsplat#

Dls prâtlckus klvibrs ku oickl âoiusslct dn puklur$ lt piur

çtrl pidb ic alssl k(çtrl oiklstl *<"# Qnbct Noeribsl prâ`êrl

ucl glucl `bddl pdus loenrrnssâl qu(bd cl aicvblct qunck ic d(bc/

tlrrihl í alddl qub cl d(lst pns nsslz# Qb dl sbdlcal lst rlaioonckâ

nux `lools$ alttl rlaioonckntbic klvblct pdus strbatl piur

dls vblrhls# Dl sbdlcal lst aiool dl sbhcl lxtârblur kl dlur

vbrhbcbtâ *0"# N pdus ìrtl rnbsic cl kibvlct/lddls pns rbrl# Dls

dnrols vndlct oblux qul dl rbrl# ûl sb lddls c(ict pns kl suglt

klpdlurlr$ lddls

lc triuvlrict kncsdls

`nutls kusbêadl#

ûnckic pdlurl dls `nutls kls nutrls$ ic âvbtl k(lc aioolttrl piur

sic priprl aioptl *8"# Dn hrnvbtâ kl sic onbctblc$ sic rlhnrk$

sn kâonrajl$ lt aiool uc nbr kl puklur râpncku nutiur

k(lddl$ kâcicalrict pnrtiut dn prâslcal k(ucl vblrhl# Al c(lst

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl bcstbtutbicl vbrhbcbs$ ;>$ <=#

*5" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbrhbcbebbs$ BB$ di#

*1" Wk#$BBd$<#

*;" )k#$:#

*¶"Gk#$ 2#

*0" Bk#$ >2#

*8" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lxjirtntbu vbrhbcbtntbs$ 8;$ 81#



ÂAUB[Q Q\U DT PBUHBCB[Â# 1<1

pns ucl vblrhl vârbtnedl alddl kict ic cl vibt pns kês [neirkqu(lddl lc lst ucl *>"#

Nprês als aicslbds pdutût câhntb`s vblcclct kls aicslbds kl

prntbquls pisbtbvls 7 dlaturls$ glöcls lt prbêrls# Dn sőur

kNoeribsl$ Onraldbcl$ kict d(lxlopdl bcspbrn tiutl alttl prâkb/

antbic$ nvnbt nbcsb irhncbsâ sn vbl rldbhblusl# D(irnbsic `râqulctl

lc lst râdâolct lsslctbld# Bd `nut prblr nu râvlbd# Bd `nut prblr

nvnct kl sl dnbsslr nddlr nu sioolbd# Bd `nut prblr dn cubt$ kncs

dl dbt oçol *5"# Onbs$ al qub tâoibhcl k(ucl sablcal kâgí nvncaâl

kl al hlcrl kl vbl lt nussb k(uc slcs prntbqul qub k(nbddlurs cl

d(nenckiccl gnonbs$ snbct Noeribsl prçajl$ lc oçol tlops

qul dl glöcl$ dn oikârntbic kncs dl glöcl lt d(ndtlrcncal kls

lxlrabals pblux# Dl dneiurlur nvbsâ cl `ntbhul pns sic ajnop$

onbs dl rlpisl lc dub kloncknct í tiur kl rûdl kb``ârlcts

`rubts *1"#

Qnbct Noeribsl n aiopdâtâ pnr uc pltbt ipusaudlsur dls vluvls

al vârbtnedl trnbtâ kl dn vbrhbcbtâ# Dl vluvnhl lst lc l``lt uc

rlaioolcalolct kl dn vbrhbcbtâ$ lt plut/çtrl nvla uc oârbtl kl

pdus$ pubsqu(bd s(nhbt kl rlcicalr í ucl jnebtukl prbsl lt í kls

gibls qub sict aicculs bS;"# Qnbct Noeribsl aioprlck ond alplc/

knct qu(ic c(y rlcical pns# Bd piurrnbt tbrlr kls nrhuolcts kl

dn `bkâdbtâ ku siuvlcbr$ lt oictrlr tiut al qu(n kl rldbhblux uc

kic kl sib sb aiopdlt qul dn oirt oçol cl cius plrolt pns kl

cius rlprlckrl6 onbs al slrnbt dí lxndtlr pdus qu(bd cl dub

aicvblct dl onrbnhl dub/oçol$ lt al qub anrnatârbsl pdutût alttl

prâkbantbic aictrl dls slaickls cials$ a(lst qu(lddl löt pu nussb

eblc çtrl `nbtl aictrl dls prlobêrls# Dls ucls lt dls nutrls sict

uc pbs/nddlr$ ucl aicalssbic `nbtl nux lxbhlcals k(ucl ajnbr

rlelddl$ ucl prâanutbic prbsl aictrl kls ajutls pbrls$ uc rloêkl

$>6 Qnbct Noeribsf$ Kl vbrhbcbeus$ Btd# >1#

*5" O#$ >:$ >2#

*1" >*>#$ >0#

*;" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbbdubs$ T#

\#OPLcsb[Â KL Dyi#c# ‛ PB >># N# 51



1<; DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

kbt lc priprls tlrols snbct Noeribsl *>"# Bd lst plrobs kl sl

onrblr$ lt oçol kl sl rlonrblr$ onbs bd vnut oblux cl `nbrl cb

d(uc cb [nutrl *5"# Bd y n tiutlìbs kls abraicstncals nhhrnvnctls

kncs dl ans k(uc slaick onrbnhl$ surtiut qunck ucl oêrl

kiccl í sn `kdl kâgí åhâl alt lxlopdl kl slcsundbtâ$ lt rbsqul

k(nvibr kls lc`ncts pdus glucls qul sls pltbts/lc`ncts *1"# N als

`nobddls$ kict d(irkrl cnturld lst triuedâ pnr dls pnssbics tnrkbvls

k(ucl oêrl$ snbct Noeribsl n ippisâ k(nvncal dn vbl kl dn vluvl

ajnstl lt âaiciol *;"$ onãtrlssl k(ucl onbsic qub sl pnssl três

eblc k(uc onãtrl# Anr a(lst ucl dâhlckl í sls ylux qul alttl

câalssbtâ k(ucl onbc vbrbdl piur pritâhlr dn `lool# \cl `lool

sl pritêhl tiutl sludl$ lt dls jiools c(ict pns dl oicipidl ku

aiurnhl *i"# Lt al ùt ucl aicsâqulcal kl alttl anopnhcl

lc `nvlur kl dn vbrhbcbtâ qu(lddl ùt piur dls `lools ucl anopnhcl

k(n`trncajbsslolct$ lt naarutnvla dlur bckâplckncaldlur kbhcbtâ#

Onbs cius nddics cius âtlckrl sur alttl aicsâqulcal lt sur

quldquls nutrls qub y sict gibctls#

Dl ajrbstbncbsol$ lc jicirnct dn vbrhbcbtâ$ cl sl eircn pns í

oudtbpdblr dl cioerl kls vblrhls# ]iur tiutls alddls qub c(nvnblct

pns dn viantbic kl dn vbrhbcbtâ$ bd `bt ku oibcs kl dn puklur lt kl

dn ajnstltâ kls vlrtus lsslctblddls# Cius cl kbsics pibct qu(bd

bcvlctn dn puklur# Bd cl ùt oçol pns dl prloblr í `nbrl kl dn

vbrhbcbtâ ucl bcstbtutbic# Dl pnhncbsol nvnbt kls kâlssls vblrhls7

Kbncl lt Obclrvl# Dl tlopdl kl dn Pblrhl âtnbtdl pdus elnu tlopdl

kl dn Hrêal$ a(âtnbt dl ]nrtjâcic# Dn ajnstltâ âtnbt ucl kls vlrtus

prêajâls pnr dls pytjnhirbablcs# Qtrneic lt ]dutnrqul abtlct

alrtnbcs irkrls kâgí oicnstbquls ibí lddl âtnbt ucl rêhdl oçol

piur dls jiools# Cius piurrbics naauoudlr kls `nbts slo/

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl vbkubs$ vibr surtiut :>#

*5" Bk#$ 0:#

*1" O#$ <2#

*;" Gk#$ 1>#

*<" Bk#$ ;;$<>#



ÂAUB[Q Q\U DT PBUHBCB[Â# 1<<

ednedls# Bds c(lc sict pns oibcs kncs dn vbl lt kncs dn rldbhbic

nctbqul kls lxalptbics# Al qub lst irkbcnbrl$ al qub lst dl ìck$

al qub lst rnol$ a(lst dl audtl kl dn pntrbl lt ku ìylr# Dn ajns/

tltâ piur dls ncablcs lst ucl vlrtu lctrl pdusblurs nutrls iu

nprês lddls# Kncs dn oirndl ajrâtblccl$ lt kncs cis oőurs

natulddls jârbtâls ku ajrbstbncbsol$ tiut tiurcl$ lc al qub aic/

alrcl dls `lools$ nutiur kucl qulstbic ucbqul 7 ucl jiccçtl

`lool lst ucl `lool ajnstl# ûnck ic pnrdl kl dn vlrtu kucl

`lool$ tiut dl oickl s(lctlck sur dl hlcrl kl vlrtu kict bd

s(nhbt$ lt qunck ic pnrdl kl d(jicclur k(ucl `lool a(lst lcairl

kl dn oçol ajisl qu(bd lst qulstbic# Cius guhlics tius dls

kljirs$ tiutls dls oncbêrls k(çtrl iu kl plcslr k(ucl `lool

sldic al qu(lddl cius râvêdl nu suglt kl alt jicclur iu kl alttl

vlrtu6 lt$ piur dls nutrls vlrtus `âobcbcls$ al qul kbsnbt snbct

Noeribsl kls vlrtus kl dn vblrhl lst lcairl vrnb$ í snvibr qul

dn puklur lc lst d(âdâolct câalssnbrl# Bd c(y n kica kl vlrtu

piur dn `lool qul alddl qub lst aicìrol í al pukbqul bkând#

[lddl d(juobdbtâ$ tlddls dn kiualur$ dn eictâ$ tlddls d(ieâbssncal$

dn râsbhcntbic qub slrict lc l``lt dls vrnbls vlrtus kl dn `lool

ajrâtblccl# K(uc rnch slaicknbrl kncs dl ajőur kls vlrtus$ dn

puklur lst kica pnssâl nu prloblr rnch# A(lst lddl qub slrt kl

typl lt kl rêhdl$ lt qub boprbol í d(åol lctbêrl ucl nttbtukl#

Lctrl dn puklur nctbqul lt dn puklur ajrâtblccl bd su``brnbt kl

citlr alttl kb``ârlcal kl rûdl lt k(bopirtncal#

Ngiutics qul d(bkâl ku pâajâ n `nbt$ nux ylux ku ajrâtblc$ dn

ajnbr í dn ìbs rlkiutnedl lt neiobcnedl# Kl dí dn aicsablcal

k(ucl duttl$ k(uc aic`dbt lctrl d(lsprbt lt dl airps# Dn puklur nssurl

d(bckâplckncal lt dl trbiopjlkld(lsprbt#A(lst ucl vlrtu spbrbtun/

dbstl# Onbs bd y n lc lddl uc slctbolct ku knchlr tiugiurs prâslct

lt aiool uc `rbssic# Lddl lst kâknbhclusl lt plurlusl tiut í dn

ìbs$ anr a(lst rlckrl jioonhl nux sâkuatbics kl dn ajnbr qul kl

sl kâ`lckrl kl sb dibc aictrl lddls# Dn puklur c(lst pns d(bcci/

alcal$ lt oçol d(bccialcal vârbtnedl bhcirl dn puklur# Alttl




plur ku pâajâ lst ucl cuncal kl slctbolct bcaiccul nux ncablcs#Bd y n nussb surtiut kncs dn puklur kl dn vblrhl ucl bkâl kl

snarb`bal$ k(idãrnckl$ kict cius nvics kbt$ í pdusblurs rlprbsls$

qu(lddl lst âtrnchêrl í dn vlrtu nctbqul# Lt tiut aldn cius priuvl

qul sb dl ajrbstbncbsol c(bcvlctn pns dn puklur$ bd dn trncs/

`iron$ lc `bt$ aiool kl dn ajnrbtâ lt kl [juobdbtâ$ uc kl sls

trnbts priprls$ lt qul al `ut ucl kls onrquls qu(bd obt sur d(åol

juonbcl#

Nddics pdus dibc 7 í d(âpiqul iò cius siools a(lst dn onrqul

pnr lxalddlcal# \c jbstirblc bcsbstl sur al `nbt qul sb d(ic

ajlrajl kncs dn prlobêrl prâkbantbic ajrâtblccl dn vlrtu qub

kiccl aiool dn citl kiobcnctl lt `bxl dl anrnatêrl kl alttl

prâkbantbic$ a(lst í dn ajnrbtâ qu(bd `nukrn s(nrrçtlr$ onbs qul

sb ic `nbt dn oçol lxpârblcal nu bv% sbêadl$ í dn ajnrbtâ n sua/

aâkâ dn ajnstltâ *>"# Qnbct Noeribsl lst uc kls iuvrblrs

kl alttl âvidutbic kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl# Alttl âvidutbic

k(nbddlurs c(lst pns dn klrcbêrl# Nu xvb% sbêadl$ ucl nutrl

vlrtu slrn í sic tiur obsl jirs kl pnbr pnr uc irkrl aâdêerl

qub lc `bt sic kihol lt sn rêhdl$ d(ieâbssncal# Onbsdlxvb% sbêadl

lst dibc ku bv, lt piur dichtlops alttl suprâontbl kl dn puklur

vn s(lxprbolr kncs dls oőurs lt gusqul kncs dn dbttârnturl kls

pnys ajrâtblcs#

[iutl d(âkuantbic kl dn `lool nurn piur `bc kl pritâhlr alttlpuklur aiool ucl `dlur kâdbantl$ lt k(âdlvlr nutiur k(lddl kls

enrrbêrls tutâdnbrls# Ic kbsautl sur dn jnutlur kl als enrrbêrls$

onbs plrsiccl cl klonckl qu(ic dls supprbol$ lt ic tioel

k(naairk qul piur dn glucl `bddl bd `nut ucl pâknhihbl spâabndl$

pdus kâdbantl$ pdus kbsarêtl$ lt qu(í d(nrerl kl dn sablcal bd lst

lcairl piur lddl kls `rubts kâ`lckus# Dn puklur kl dn `lool lst

uc slctbolct qub cius lst sb ajlr í tius qu(bd c(y n pns kl aic/

sbkârntbic qub vnbddl aictrl dn arnbctl kls rbsquls qu(ic dub

*>" Dlafy$ \bstiry i` Luriplnc Ournbs$ t# BB$ p# >55#



ÂAUB[Q Q\U DN PBUHBCB[Â# 1<8

`lrnbt aiurbr$ lt bd `nut$ piur sl `nbrl naalptlr$ qul tiutls dls

râ`irols pâknhihbquls aioolcalct pnr priuvlr qu(lddls c(y

pirtlct pns nttlbctl# Dí lst dl pibct dbxl kl d(âkuantbic `âobcbcl#

Nutrl`ibs$ lt lc aldn sludlolct cius kb``ârics kl cis ncaçtrls$

a(lc âtnbt dl tiut# Lt ic nvnbt nsslz `nbt piur dn `lool qunck

ic nvnbt `nbt lc sirtl qu(lddl cl söt rblc$ kl plur qu(lddl

lc söt trip# ‛ Dl trnbtâ Kl d( Bcstbtutbic kl dn `lool ajrâtblccl

kl Pbvls *>" cius sloedl piuvibr çtrl k(nutnct oblux abtâ aiooluc lxlopdl kl al systêol$ ltaiooluc airiddnbrl kl dn prâkbantbic

k(Noeribslqul$ sur alrtnbcs prbcabpls$ bd rlprikubt prlsqul tlx/

tulddlolct dl dnchnhl kl citrl snbct *5"# Aiool dub$ bd pnrdl kl dn

ciurrbturl qub aicvblct nux glucls `bddls$ lt sloedl c(nvibr

lc vul qul kl cl pns ciurrbr lc lddls dn aicaupbsalcal# Aiooldub bd tncal k(bopirtncal dn vluvl prbsl kl d(lcvbl kl sl rlonrblr$

lt âanrtl d(uc nprês d(nutrl tius dls prâtlxtls kict lddl aiuvrl sn

duerbabtâ$ dl sibc kl sls n``nbrls$ d(âkuantbic kl sls lc`ncts# ]iur

dub$ aiool piur snbct Noeribsl$ dl kâsbr k(çtrl oêrl lst dibc

k(çtrl ucl lxausl# Dn ontlrcbtâ c(n rblc kl snarâ í sls ylux lt

bd lc âtndl dls obsêrls nvla ucl rlajlrajl kl aidirbs vrnbolct

`ârial# Aldn âtnct$ vibab qulds sict dls tbtrls kls ajnpbtrls pnr/

tbaudbêrlolct aicsnarâs í d(âkuantbic 7 Kl dn Pbrhbcbtâ6 ‛ Kl

dn Aurl lt Qiddbabtukl kl dn Pbrhbcbtâ 6 ‛ Kl dn Aurl ku airps

lc dn pualddl *cius nvics kâgí dnbssâ lctlckrl qu(lddl aicsbstl

surtiut í dl kâebdbtlr nvla oikârntbic lt í aicabdblr dn snctâ ku

airps lctblr nvla dn oirt kl ajnqul slcs lc pnrtbaudblr" 6‛ Kl

dn sidbtukl kl dn vblrhl### Lt citrl pâknhihul kiccl nvla

uc trncqubddl kihontbsol dn rnbsic kl alttl prâiaaupntbic

lxadusbvl 7 « Nux jiools sict câalssnbrls pdusblurs vlrtus$

‛g *>" Dbtrl kl d(Bcstbtutbic kl dn `lool ajrâtblccl$ tnct lc sic lc`ncal qul

onrbnhl lt vbkubtâ$ nussb kl d(i``bal ku onry# Ciuvlddl âkbtbic$ trnkuatbic

`rncènbsl$ Jnvrl$ >:2>#

*5" Nvla aldtl cuncal qu n alt dbuoncbstl dls `lools pâknctls cl sict

*¶ibct piur kâpdnbrl#



1<: DT OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

pruklcal$ âdiqulcal$ oâoibrl$ gustbal$ ìral$ dbeârndbtâ$ onhcn/

cbobtâ$ nrt piur vbvrl$ nstual í hiuvlrclr dl eblc puedbaqul6

onbs í dn `lool rblcs c(y lst kâsbrâ qul pukbabtâ lt$ sb lddl sludl

kl``nudt$ a(lst aiool sb lddls kl`ãnbddiblct tiutls í d(jiool$ anr

dirs dn `lool lst râputâl oâajnctl lt vbablusl$ quldqul nutrl

vlrtu qu(lddl nyt lc sib### Anr pnr pukbabtâ dl kloiurnct lst

snu` lt$ balddl plrkul$ tiutls nutrls vlrtus sict l``naâls# ¶ A(lst

al qul cius nvics kâgí kbt nvla oibcs kl ìral lt kl prâabsbic#

Bd sloedl qul kl dí nbt kö râsudtlr ucl kbobcutbic kl dn

`lool6 lt$ sb dn `lool nvnbt âtâ kâgí d(âhndl kl d(jiool$ lddl

löt plut/çtrl jâsbtâ í sl rnchlr sius dls dibs kl dn puklur$ iò lddl

c(löt vu piur sic slxl qu(uc surariãt k(iedbhntbics# Onbs bd c(lc

âtnbt pns nbcsb$ lt dn puklur dub lcslbhcnct dl rlsplat k(lddl/oçol$

lc oçol tlops qu(lddl lcslbhcn nux jiools dl rlsplat kl dn

`lool$ klvbct piur sn kbhcbtâ í dn ìbs ucl âaidl lt ucl snuvl/

hnrkl# A(lst í quib cius nvics kâgí `nbt nddusbic# Bd `nddnbt qulquldqul ajisl s(ippisåt í dn ìral lt nux pnssbics vbrbdls$ al ùt

dn puklur kl dn `lool# Qncs aioptlr qu(lddl rlckbt dn `lool

pdus nbonedl lt pdus kâsbrnedl# Anr al qub s(ietblct kb``babdlolct

c(lc n qul pdus kl prbx# Dn `lool alssl k(çtrl uc bcstruolct

kl pdnbsbr tiugiurs kbspicbedl# Lddl triuvl kncs dl vibdl kl

puklur kict lddl s(lcvldippl uc nerb lt uc ajnrol tiut í dn ìbs#

Alttl nppnrlctl slrvbtukl d(n``rncajbt kica lt @lcciedbt#

Ngiutics qul alttl puklur kl dn `lool ajrâtblccl ùt dl pdus

jlurlux kls aiopriobs lctrl d(âdnt k(nvbdbssnctl suspbabic lt

kl survlbddncal l``latbvl iò dn `lool irblctndl lst pdnaâl$ lt dn

dbelrtâ pdus hrnckl kl dn `lool k(Iaabklct# A(lst nu klkncs

k(lddl/oçol qul dl ajrbstbncbsol ajlrajl piur dn `lool ucl

pritlatbic#

N alttl aickbtbic dl ajrbstbncbsol put çtrl ucl rldbhbic kl

`lools# Qb$ í alrtnbcs oiolcts kl sic jbstibrl$ bd sloedl bcadb/

clr vlrs k(nutrls oőurs$ vlrs alddls qub klvnblct prâvndibr

kncs d(Irblct ousudonc$ al cl `nt ajlz dub qul dn trnal k(ucl



ÂAUB[Q Q\U DN PBUHBCB[Â# 1<S

natbic lxtârblurl lt pnssnhêrl *>"# Cius nvics kl(gí vu snbctNoeribsa râsbstlr sur al pibct í [bctdulcal irblctndl#( Lc quib

bd c ieâbssnbt pns sludlolct í sic irkbcnbrl lsprbt kl olsurl$ onbs

í dn trnkbtbic kl d(Lhdbsl# Kl eiccl jlurl lc l``lt dls `lools

ajrâtblccls lurlct dlur pnrt kl dn vbl rldbhblusl# Aldsl rlpriajn

oçol nu ajrbstbncbsol alttl âoncabpntbic kl dn `lool$ lt

Irbhêcl dub râpickbt qul dl Ajrbst lc l``lt lst vlcu piur

tius *5"# Dls ìcatbics kl dn ajnrbtâ sloedlct nvibr âtâ surtiutkls ìcatbics `âobcbcls$ lt [lrtu\blc trnal kl al rûdl kl dn

`lool uc kâdbant tnedlnu# « Lddl vn vbsbtlr dls `rêrls kncs dls

râkubts dls pdus pnuvrls6 lddl sl dêvl dn cubt piur prblr lt

nssbstlr nux sidlccbtâs kl d(Lhdbsl# Lddl sl rlck í dn tnedl ku

Qlbhclur$ lt pâcêtrl kncs dls prbsics piur enbslr dn ajnãcl kls

onrtyrs$ piur râpnckrl d(lnu sur dls pblks kls snbcts# Q(bd vblct

uc `rêrl âtrnchlr$ lddl prâpnrl sn onbsic piur dub kicclrd(jispbtndbtâ *1"# «J ngiutl$ bd lst vrnb$ qu(lddl cl kibt sl oictrlr

nu kljirs qul piur kls oitb`s hrnvls# Lc rândbtâ bd vlut dn `lool

rladusl lt vibdâl# [lrtu\blc$ cius cius lc siuvlcics$ lst lc tiut

lxalssb`# Onbs bd âtnbt câalssnbrl plut/çtrl qul als lxaês k(ipbcbic

ùsslct aioobs piur qul dn oirndl ajrâtblccl löt tiutl sn purltâ

lt dn puklur kl dn `lool tiutl sn piâsbl# Ipirtlt jőrlsls lssl#

Nu tlops kl snbct Noeribsl$ al c(lst pdus nsslz kl kbrl quldn `lool lst d(âhndl kl d(jiool kncs d(Âhdbsl# Lddl tlck í yprlckrl dl pns sur dub# Dn rldbhbic sl `âobcbsl# Dn `lool lst

pdus prês pnr sn cnturl kls vlrtus priprlolct ajrâtblccls$

aiool dn puklur oçol lt d(juobdbtâ# A(lst dn `lool qub aic/

vlrtbt d(jiool# A(lst Oicbqul qub kiualolct bcadbcl vlrs sn

ìb d(íol k(Nuhustbc *;"# Nux ylux kl snbct Noeribsl$ lc

*>" Pibr [frtdddblc$ Kl vbc)bcbeus vldnckbs#

*5" Irbhfcl$ Aictrl Aldsl$ BBB$ ;;#

*1" [frtbb#b#bl#c$ Kl audo `lobcnruo$ ZBB$ >=#

*;" Kl oçol dn oêrl kl snbct Ensbdl$ alddls kl snbct Glnc Ajrysistiol lt

kl Hrâhibrl kl Cnzbncal#



10= DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

cnbssnct k(ucl `lool$ Kblu n spâabndlolct rnajltâ tiutls dls

`lools# Kl pdus$ dl slxl nu slbc kuquld sâpnciubt alttl `dlur

kl hråal oirndl$ dn vbrhbcbtâ$ lc rlèibt tiut lctblr dl rnyiccl/

olct*d"# Dn pnrtbndbtâ kl snbct Noeribsl lst tlddl lc`bc qu(bd lc

vblct í kbobculr dn pnrt kl dn `lool kncs dl prloblr pâajâ

nux kâplcs kl @jiool qu(bd ajnrhl *5"# Onbs sn `nutl `òt/lddl

âhndl í alddl kl d(jiool$ dn `lool lst supârblurl í d(jiool

kncs d(lxpbntbic lt pnr dí hnrkl sur dub ucl nvncal oirndl *1"#

Dn pbâtâ kls `lools lst ucl dlèic piur dls jiools# Cic sludl/

olct kica dn `lool n sn pdnal kncs d(Lhdbsl ajrâtblccl$ onbs

lddl lc lst @âdul lt dn pritâhâl# Lddl lst d(nchl ku ìylr$ d(npûtrl

kiolstbqul$ d(nssiabâl kl Kblu piur dl sndut kls jiools# Lctrl

dn rldbhbic lt dn `lool ucl nddbncal vârbtnedl lst salddâl#

Dls aicsâqulcals ku audtl kl dn vbrhbcbtâ lt ku audtl kl dn

`lool$ qub lc râsudtn$ s(âtlcklct pdus dibc lcairl 6 anr gusqu(bab

cius c(nvics pns dnbssâ lctlckrl qu(lddls nblct nttlbct dlsjiools lt dn oirndl qub dls aicalrcl# Onbs í dn vârbtâ a(lst dn

oirndl tiut lctbêrl qub ùt oikb`bâl pnr lddls# Dn ajnstltâ âtnct

dn pdus bckbvbkulddl kl tiutls dls vlrtus$ dls jicclurs qub dub

sict rlckus naalctulct dl anrnatêrl bckbvbkundbstl kl dn vlrtu

ajrâtblccl# Elnuaiup kl snbcts ku ajrbstbncbsol cl sict cb

kls pntrbitls cb kls eblc`nbtlurs kl d(juoncbtâ# [iut kncs dlur

vlrtu sl pnssl lctrl lux lt Kblu# ûl d(ic aiopnrl dls oârbtls

kict cius lctrltblcclct dls Pbls kls snbcts nvla alux kict `nbt

ans Abaâric kncs sic Kl I``babbs# Onbs a(lst dí uc l``lt nu/

quld aicaiururlct k(nutrls anusls$ pidbtbquls lt siabndls#

]ubs bd y n pdusblurs typls oçol kl vlrtu bckbvbkulddl$ lt dl

typl ajrâtblc c(lst pns dl typl stiéablc# ]râabsics kica dls trnbts

kl al typl ajrâtblc piur y ajlrajlr d(l``lt priprl kls anusls

qul cius âtukbics#

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl bcstbtutbicl vbrhbcbs$ 11#

*5" Bk#$ 5<#

*1" X#$ 1>#



LAUB[Q Q\U D#T PBUHBCB[Â# 10>

Dls stiéablcs bcsbstlct sur dl anrnatêrl oådl kl dlur vlrtu *>"#

N vrnb kbrl$ al anrnatêrl lst aldub kl tiutl dn vlrtu nctbqul#

A(lst dl aiurnhl$ a(lst dn sablcal$ klux vlrtus k(jiool$ qub lc

sict dls sidbkls nssbsls# D(nrt nctbqul dub/oçol sloedl prâ`ârlr

dls ìrols pdus sâvêrls ku tirsl onsaudbc# Kncs dn `lool lddl/

oçol$ al sict dls vlrtus kl d(nutrl slxl qul [ic ajlrajl# Ic

abtl lc lxlopdl dls `lools Qpnrtbntls iu dn oêrl kls Hrnaquls#

Dls klux kâlssls vblrhls$ Kbncl lt Obclrvl$ ict dn vbrhbcbtâ

`nriuajl lt elddbqulusl# Nu aictrnbrl dl ajrbstbncbsol klonckl

nux jiools lux/oçols kls qundbtâs pdutût `âobcbcls# Dn

`lool c(n pns$ plut/çtrl$ d(bopnrtbndbtâ câalssnbrl í uc rlsplat

sbcaêrl kl dn vârbtâ# Lddl n`bbrol nvla sic aőur lt vn gusqu(nu

eiut kl sls n``brontbics# « Qn plcsâl lst uc oikl kl sn slcsb/

ebdbtâ *5"# ¶ Lddl lst nesidul nu pibct kl c(çtrl pns tiugiurs

nussb hâcârlusl kncs sls guhlolcts qu(lddl d(lst kncs sls natls#

Lddl cl snbt cb jâsbtlr$ cb kiutlr# Lddl lst uc çtrl k(bopudsbic lt

kl ìb# Ir cius snvics qul dl ajrbstbncbsol í dn sablcal prâ/

`êrl dn ìb# ‛ Dn `lool olt sic aiurnhl í lckurlr$ í çtrl kiual

lcvlrs dl ondjlur$ lcvlrs dn oirt$ lcvlrs dls oâajncts# Ir

a(lst dí dl aiurnhl ajrâtblc$ lt dl ajrbstbncbsol `nbt oibcs kl

ans k(uc nutrl aiurnhl# Bd sloedl kica qu(bd nbt nknptâ sic bkând

oirnd í dn olsurl kl dn `lool# Bd c(bcsbstl pns sur dls hlcrls

kl oârbtl qub cl sict pns í sn pirtâl$ onbs bcsbstl lc rlvncajl sur

alux qub dub sict dl pdus `nobdblrs# Cius nvics kâgí pnrdâ kl

als vlrtus kiolstbquls lt prbvâls$ dnbssâls nu slaick pdnc kncs

dn oirndl nctbqul$ lt qul dl ajrbstbncbsol lopructl í dn vbl

pdus l``naâl kl dn `lool piur lc `nbrl dls vlrtus dls pdus

âobclctls k(uc slxl aiool kl d(nutrl# Nux jiools lux/

*>" Qâcêqd(f$ Kl aicstnctbn snpblctbs$ b# [nbbduo bctlr stiéais$ Qlrlcl$ lt

AtAdlris snpblcdbno pri`lssls bctlrlssl$ quncdubb" bbbdlr `őbcbcns ld onras$

cic boolrbti kbxlrbo#

*5" Dlafv$ dbb#bl abtâ$ t# BB$ p# 10=# [jlbr tdbbbbfbch bs ajbl`dy n oikl i`

`lldbch#



1«5 DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NO>1U=BQL#

oçols k çtrl oiklstls$ k(çtrl eics$ k(çtrl ajnstls# Dn vbrhb/

cbtâ lst ucl vlrtu$ oçol piur lux *>"# « Pius c(lctrlrlz pnQ

kncs dl riynuol kls ablux$ n kbt dl Qlbhclur$ sb vius cl klvl/

clz sloednedls í kl pltbts lc`ncts 6 ¶ ‛ bd nurnbt pu kbrl nussb 7

sb vius cl klvlclz sloednedls í kls `lools pnr dn ìb$ dn kiu/

alur lt dn puklur#

Qb onbctlcnct cius cius klonckics qulds ùrlct sur dls

rnppirts kl d(jiool lt kl dn `lool dls l``lts kl alttl pnrtbab/

pntbic aribssnctl kl dn `lool í dn vbl rldbhblusl lt í dn vbl

oirndl$ cius vlrrics qu(bds y hnhcêrlct lc kbhcbtâ lt piur

nbcsb kbrl lc spbrbtundbtâ# D(nctbqubtâ$ qub tblct plu kl aioptl

kl d(bckbvbkundbtâ$ lc tblct plu surtiut kl d(bckbvbkundbtâ `âob/

cbcl# Dn `lool kncs dn `nobddl c(lst pns d(âhndl kl d(jiool#

Ic lc ajnchl$ ic dn prçtl$ ic dn aêkl pnr tlstnolct *5"# Dn

`nobddl$ kês dirs$ c(lst pdus al qul cius lctlckics pnr al oit#

Lddl lst irhncbsâl piur nssurlr pnr dn rlprikuatbic dn vbl lt dn

ìral kl d(Âtnt# Dl onrbnhl$ lt dl onrbnhl `âaick$ lst uc klvibr

abvbqul# Alux qub cl rlopdbsslct pns al klvibr pnylct uc bopût

qub lc lst aiool dl rnajnt# Bd `nut sl onrblr iu pnylr# Alttl

aictrnbctl naalctul dl anrnatêrl ontârbndbstl ku onrbnhl nctb/

qul# Cl ajlrajlz kica pns kncs al onrbnhl d(ucbic bctbol kl

klux çtrls olttnct lc aioouc nvla dlur vbl$ dlurs n``latbics

lt dlurs plcsâls$ d(ucbic kl klux åols$ aiool cius kbsics#

Anr alttl ucbic suppisl uc dberl lt outuld aicslctlolct#

Lddl suppisl lc iutrl uc slctbolct bcaiccu kl d(nctbqubtâ 7

d(noiur# ûnck dls ncablcs pnrdlct k(noiur$ a(lst dl pdus siu/

vlct slcsundbtâ qu(bd `nut lctlckrl$ lt vibdí piurquib dls pjbdi/

sipjls c(ict gnonbs piur d(noiur nsslz kl sâvârbtâ lt kl oâprbs#

Dl slctbolct kl d(noiur lst câ kl aldub kl dn puklur$ sb eblc

qu(bd lst$ dub nussb$ uc slctbolct ajrâtblc# Bd s(y oçdl uc rlsplat$

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Kl bcsdbtutbicl vbrhbcbs$ >0#

*5" Pibr QaJObK[$ dn Qiabâtâ abvbdl kncs dl oickl rionbc$ ># B$ aj# bb$ § >$ lt

Hbkl$ dn @lool$ ># B$ aj# o$ bv lt v#



DL[[ULQ KL KBULA[BIC# 101

uc kâsbr kl sl snarb`blr$ ucl oystbabtâ qub dl jnussl oûolgusqu(í rlssloedlr í uc slctbolct rldbhblux# Alab lst ucl aic/

sâqulcal boprâvul kl dn prâkbantbic k(Noeribsl# Bd n$ sncs dl

viudibr$ bkândbsâ dn `lool$ lt d(noiur pri`ncl lc lst râsudtâ#

Q(bd c(y nvnbt pibct lu kl vblrhls viuâls nu Qlbhclur$ bd c(y

nurnbt pibct lu k(nonct aiool Uikrbhul$ cb k(nonctl aiool

Ajboêcl# ‛ Kês dirs citrl dbttârnturl$ ibb d(noiur giul uc tld

rûdl$ lst ajrâtblccl nu oçol tbtrl qul dnoiur dub/oçol# Lddl

c(lst pibct pdus pblusl piur aldn 6 onbs al qu(bd `nut kbrl$ a(lst

qu(bd y n uc pri`ncl ajrâtblc# Lt dls slctbolcts kict cius

vlcics kl oictrlr d(lcajnãclolct sict alux qub lc ict dl

pdus clttlolct kâtlrobcâ dl anrnatêrl# ‛ J y n oçol ucl

booirndbtâ ajrâtblccl# Dl rn``bclolct kl dn puklur noêcl í

sn subtl uc rn``bclolct kl d(bopurltâ6 lt d(iesaâcbtâ$ ajlz dls

âarbvnbcs ajrâtblcs$ n quldqul ajisl kl pdus aicsablct$ kl pdus

slcsuld$ kl pdus kiudiurlux nussb# Bd s(y oçdl ucl noêrl sn/

vlur kl pâajâ# Kloçol lc l``lt qu(bd y n kncs dn ajnstltâ aiool

ucl viduptâ$ bd y n kncs sic aictrnbrl aiool dl rlhrlt aubsnct

k(ucl purltâ kict ic snbt onbctlcnct dl prbx# Onbs bd cius `nut

nrrçtlr dí als kâkuatbics oirndls qub$ í dn dichul$ cius lctrnã/

clrnblct dibc kl snbct Noeribsl$ quldqul gustb`bâls qulddls

siblct# Lddls cius nurict slrvb ku oibcs í oictrlr gusqu(ibb dls

râvidutbics k(bkâls lt kl slctbolcts rltlctbsslct$ lt aioeblc dls

l``lts pluvlct çtrl kb``ârlcts kls anusls#

BP

Dlttrls kl kbrlatbic#

Dn oirndl kl snbct Noeribsl$ tlddl qu(lddl rlssirtbrnbt kls

âarbts oudtbpdls qul cius vlcics kl pnsslr lc rlvul$ `lrnbt

kica dn pdnal oibcs hrnckl í dn rnbsic qul dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs$




lt pdus hrnctdl í rnoibbr# Nvla als oçols âarbts aioolcalrnbt

nussb dn prbonutâ kls vlrtus plrsicclddls lt lctrl tiutls kl dn

ajnstltâ$ al qub slrn lc uc oit dn oirndl kl PBobtntbic# Qb

cius tlcics í aiccnãtrl dn oirndl k(Noeribsl tlddl qu(lddl lst$

dberl kl tiutl bcddulcal booâkbntl lt kl tiut oikêdl$ a(lst âvbklo/

olct kncs sls dlttrls qu(bd dn `nut ajlrajlr# Cic qu(bd y nbt

lctrl als dlttrls lt dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs ku oûol nutlur dn oûolkb``ârlcal qu(lctrl dls dlttrls lt dl brnbbâ Kls Klvibrs kl Abaâric#

Qnbct Noeribsl cl sl dnbssl gnonbs nddlr# Qn plrsiccl$ dibc kl

s(âtndlr$ s(l``nal# >> lst tiugiurs kncs sls ìcatbics k(âvûqul$ onbs

aiool lcslbhclr lt kbrbhlr `nbsnblct pnrtbl kl als ìcatbics$

quldquls dlttrls ict dl anrnatêrl kl vrnbls dlttrls kl kbrlatbic#

Qb cius ngiutics qul quldquls/ucls sict nkrlssâls í kls prûtrls

nuxqulds lddls rnpplddlct dlurs klvibrs$ ic aioprlck qu(uc rnp/

priajlolct s(bopisl lctrl lddls lt dl trnbtâ bctbtudâ [rnbtl kls

klvibrs kls prçtrls# Als dlttrls sict aiurtls lt dls pibcts kl rnp/priajlolct sict plu cioerlux# Bds su``bslct í onrqulr d(irblc/

tntbic dâhêrlolct kbvlrhlctl qu(löt subvbl dn râ`dlxbic oirndl kl

snbct Noeribsl$ sb d(bc`dulcal kl Abaâric cl s(âtnbt pns lxlraâl

sur lddl$ lt$ pnr subtl$ ícius kicclr dn olsurl kl alttl bc`dulcal#

Nuauc nutrl âarbt cl sl prûtl nussb eblc í alttl aiopnrnbsic

pubsqul$ alttl ìbs$ dl suglt trnbtâ lst dl oçol# Cius nddics vibr

sl rlprikubrl lc oûol tlops$ sius ucl ìrol pdus erêvl$ dls

bckbantbics k(bkâls iu kl tlckncals qul al ajnpbtrl cius n plr/

obs kl rlaulbddbr#

Dl stydl c(lst pns aldub ku trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs# Oibcs kl rnb/

sicclolcts# ]dus kl ìuhul lt pdus k(bonhls# ]nrtiut kls

nddâhirbls *>"# Lt alttl nddurl kbd[ârlctl ku stydl lxprbol uc

oikl kl plcsâl kb``ârlct# Dls vlrtus cl sict pdus adnssâls lt

âtbqultâls aiool kncs dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs#$ onbs tiutls sl

ìcklct lc uc boolcsl noiur kl Kblu# Qnbct Noeribsl vblct

*>" Pibr surtiut Lp#$ ZZZ$ ZZZB$ ZZZBBB#



DL[[ULQ KL KBULA[BIC# 10<

k(lctlckrl í vûprls als pnridls k(uc psnuol 7 « Dl Ajrbst lst

elnu pnr/klssus tius dls lc`ncts kls jiools# ¶ Bd lst aiool

sius d(boprlssbic qu(bd lc n rlèul$ lt `nbt pnrt í sic kbsabpdl

Brâcâl kl tiutls dls plcsâls k(noiur qub dub vblcclct í d(lsprbt#

>> `nut tlckrl vlrs Kblu$ s(bdduobclr kl sn duobêrl *>"# >> `nut

klolurlr lc dub# Dí lst citrl pnbx$ citrl eblc$ al siuvlrnbc

eblc qul dls pjbdisipjls ict ajlrajâ sncs dl triuvlr *5"# ]ubs

dl stydl kl snbct Noeribsl s(lopdbt kl tlckrlssl lt s(lssnyl í

kâarbrl dls enbslrskld(íol lt kl Kblu*1"# D(åol ajnctl7 « ûl

tu ls kiux$ û oic Qlbhclur. ¶ lt dn gibl kl alttl pisslssbic dub

`nbt iuedblr tiutl nutrl gibl$ lt dn jnussl nu/klssus kl tiutl

arnbctl aiool kl tiut kâsbr# Nbcsb Oiésl$ qunck bd rlèut dls

tnedls kl dn Dib$ rlstn qunrnctl giurs sncs plcslr í dn ciurrb/

turl *;"# Qnbct Ltblccl aictlopdl Gâsus lt sl dnbssl dnpbklr lc

prbnct piur sls eiurrlnux# Qnbct ]nud$ rnvb nu tribsbêol abld$ cl

snbt pdus s(bd n uc airps iu s(bd c(lc n pns *<"# Lt cius vbvrics$

lc l``lt$ aiool sb cius c(lc nvbics pns# Cius slrics kncs al

oickl kls jûtls kl pnssnhl qub cl s(nttnajlct í rblc *0"# Cius

cius âdêvlrics nu/klssus kl alttl tlrrl kict dl sâgiur ndiubkbt

d(íol V~g# Cius cl triuvics pdus dí dls pruklctls râslrvls ku

t[Ubtâ Kls Klvibrs iò bd cius lst rlaioonckâ kl olsurlrcitrlno/

ebtbic oirndl í cis ìrals# Qnbct Noeribsl cius kbt onbctlcnct

nu aictrnbrl kl vbslr tiugiurs pdus jnut lt kl dnbsslr í Kblu dl

sibc kl cius rlùslr dls âprluvls qub sict nu/klssus kl cius *:"#

D(noiur kl Kblu lt dn siuobssbic í Kblu bopdbqulct kica lt

suppdâlct tiutls dls vlrtus# >> lc lst klux alplcknct qub

*>" Qnbct Noeribsl$ Lp#$ ZZBZ$ 5#

*5" O#$=#

*1" O#$ >=#

*;" Gk#$ >>#

*i" Bk#$ >5#

*«")k#$ >1#

*8g Bk $ >8#

*:" Bk#$ ZZZPB$ 1$ b#




hnrklct dlur bckbvbkundbtâ lt sict lxprlssâolct kâsbhcâls kncs

als dlttrls kl kbrlatbic snalrkitndl# A(lst dn ajnrbtâ$ qub rândbsl

dn pdâcbtukl kl dn dib oirndl lt cius kiccl nvla Kblu dl pdus jnut

klhrâ kl rlssloedncal qul cius pubssbics nttlbckrl *>"# Lt a(lst

dn ajnstltâ# D(ucbic ku Ajrbst lt kl d(íol vbrhbcndl lst uc tjêol

`nobdblr í snbct Noeribsl# Lc rltriuvnct bab al oâdnchl kl

piâsbl lt k(nsaâtbsol$ cius najlvics kl cius aicvnbcarl kl al

anrnatêrl plu abaâricblc kl dn oirndl priprl í citrl snbct *5"#

\cl nutrl kb``ârlcal lctrl als dlttrls nkrlssâls í kls prçtrls

lt dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs qub$ dub nussb$ lst `nbt piur lux$ a(lst

qu(bds y sict pdus clttlolct obs í pnrt ku rlstl kls jiools#

D(bobtntbic kl Abaâric n `nbt ku trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs uc dbvrl kl

oirndl piur dls dnéquls nussb eblc qul piur dls adlras# N alux/

ab onbctlcnct snbct Noeribsl klonckl pdus# Bds sict d(nroâl

kl Kblu *1"# û(bds prlcclct dlur aribx lt subvlct dl Qlbhclur *;"$

û(bds c(nblct rblc kl aioouc nvla dn ìudl# Qb lddl sl rlaiccnãt

lc lux lt c(y triuvl rblc qub dn kâpnssl$ lddl plrkrn piur lux

tiut rlsplat *i"# Cius rioprics kica nvla dl sbêadl$ kbt snbct

Noeribsl6 citrl vibl lst âtribtl$ onbs lddl oêcl í dn vbl *0"#‛

Lt alttl lspârncal dub slrt í rldlvlr dls aiurnhls qub `nbedbsslct#

\cl kls dlttrls kl snbct Noeribsl cius dl oictrl oirbhâcnct

kls prçtrls plu zâdâs qub plcslct nvla rlhrlt nu ajnop qu(bds

nurnblct pu audtbvlr$ í d(nrhlct qu(bds nurnblct pu hnhclr# Ic

c(lst pns kncs dl adlrhâ piur `nbrl sls n``nbrls# Bd `nut alplcknct

sl hnrklr k(lc sirtbr$ anr qubaicqul lst prçtrl lst dl eblc lt dn

ajisl ku Qlbhclur$ lt dl Qlbhclur lst uc eic onãtrl qub kbrn

í sic slrvbtlur `bkêdl 7 Pblcs lt rlpisl/tib *8"#

*>" Qnbo Noeribsl$ Lp#$ ZZBZ$ >0#

*5" Pibr Lp#$ ZZZB#

*1" O$ ZZPBB$ k <#

*;"Bk#$ >0#

*<" Bab#$ ZZPBBB$ 5#

*0" Bk#$ 0$8#

*8" \#$ DZZZB#



DL[[ULQ KL KBULA[BIC# 108

Qnbct Noeribsl cl kbt pns lxprlssâolct qul jirs dl adlrhâ bd

c(y n pns kl sndut# Onbs ic piurrnbt prlsqul dl aicadurl kls

dlttrls qul cius vlcics k(ncndyslr$ sb cius cl cius siuvlcbics

qu(bd n lcslbhcâ nbddlurs ucl oirndl oibcs âtribtl$ pdus aicab/

dbnctl$ pdus juonbcl lt pdus dnéqul# Kncs als dlttrls qu(bd âarbt$

prçtrl í kls prçtrls$ bd sl dnbssl nddlr í sls prâ`ârlcals nrklctls

piur dn vbl laadâsbnstbqul$ lt a(lst nvla ucl alrtbtukl prlsqul

irhulbddlusl qu(bd lc nttlck lt lc priolt dl prbx#



AJN]B[UL PBJ

DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

Cius cl prâtlckics pibct$ kncs dl ajnpbtrl qul cius aio/

olcèics k(âarbrl$ prâslctlr uc tnedlnu kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl

nu BP' sbêadl# ]iur uc pnrlbd tnedlnu dls ankrls lc sict trip

âtribts# Onbs bd c(lst í cis ylux qu(uc pridichlolct ku prâaâklct$

lt bd kibt$ lc ajlrajnct nu trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs kls tlrols kl

aiopnrnbsic$ cic pdus sludlolct ajlz snbct Noeribsl onbsnutiur kl dub$ najlvlr k(lc `nbrl rlssirtbr d(irbhbcndbtâ lt dn

pirtâl# Bd olttrn lc duobêrl ku oçol aiup alrtnbcs anrnatêrls

kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl aicsbkârâl lc kljirs k(ucl őuvrl

qub lc rlprâslctl uc âdâolct bopirtnct lt dn rldbl n dn trnkbtbic

adnssbqul# (

Dls ]êrls hrlas#

Bd lst kb``babdl kl pnrdlr kl tius dls ]êrls hrlas í dn `ibs$

tlddlolct ajnauc n sn pjysbiciobl priprl$ tlddlolct bd y n

dibc$ pnr lxlopdl$ kl dn dbêrl `lroltâ k(Ntjncnsl í dn oâdnc/

aidbqul kiualur kl Hrâhibrl kl Cnzbncal# Cius viukrbics

alplcknct onrqulr alrtnbcs trnbts pnr dlsqulds bds kb``êrlct kls

]êrls dntbcs$ lt kl snbct Noeribsl lc pnrtbaudblr$ lt cius eirclr

lcsubtl í dn rnpbkl ncndysl kl quldquls ucls kl dlurs őuvrls

qub cius bctârlsslct pnrtbaudbêrlolct#

\cbvlrsbtâ kl Dyic# ‛ PBBB# N# 5;



18= DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

A(lst kncs d(Irblct ajrâtblc qul dls kihols sl kbsautlct lt

sl `bxlct# A(lst pdutût kncs @Iaabklct qul dl ajrbstbncbsol prbt

aicsablcal kl sn oirndl$ quibqul dls aicsâqulcals oirndls kls

kihols nblct kl tiut tlops sloedâ prâsbklr í dlur âdneirntbic#

Dl hâcbl oâtnpjysbqul kl dn Hrêal sl kiccn anrrbêrl kncs dn

tjâidihbl$ qunck dn tjâidihbl lut rlopdnaâ dn pjbdisipjbl# Al

c(lst pns sludlolct k(Ntjncnsl qul cius viudics pnrdlr$ quibqul

al sibt kl dub surtiut# Dls tbtrls sluds kl sls őuvrls cius rlc/

slbhclrnblct$ sb sic cio c(âtnbt í gnonbs nttnajâ í dn duttl aictrld(nrbncbsol lt í dn kâ`lcsl ku Qyoeidl kl Cbaâl# Bd n âarbt sur

d(Bcanrcntbic$ sur dn [rbcbtâ$ sur dn aiooucl lsslcal ku ]êrl$

ku @bds lt ku Qnbct/Lsprbt# Bd n âarbt aictrl tiutls dls jârâsbls

lt surtiut aictrl alddl kls nrblcs# Dn dbstl kl sls slroics lt kl

sls trnbtâs kbd[êrl kl alddls kls slroics lt kls trnbtâs kl snbct

Noeribsl lt kl snbct Nuhustbc lc al qul dls qulstbics kl oirndl

lc sict prlsqul neslctls# *Cius nvics iobs í klsslbc kl olc/

tbicclr dn vbl k(Nctibcl$ kict cius nddics pnrdlr kncs uc bcstnct#"

]nrob dls ]êrlsdntbcs nu aictrnbrl$ uc slud$ snbct Jbdnbrl nâarbt

uc iuvrnhl lc kiuzl dbvrls sur dn [rbcbtâ# >> sloedlrnbt n prbirb

qu(bd köt$ kl al ajl`$ tlcbr ucl pdnal bopirtnctl kncs d(jbs/

tibrl kl al kihol lt kl dn hrnckl aictrivlrsl í dnqulddl bd

kiccn dblu# Lc rândbtâ snbct Jbdnbrl lxpisl lt kâoictrl dn

kiatrbcl irtjikixl nvla ucl nopdlur qub c(lxadut pns d(lxna/

tbtukl$ onbs bd cl `nbt prluvl k(nuaucl irbhbcndbtâ kihontbqul#

A(lstuc âdiqulct kâ`lcslur kl dnìb$ al c(lc lst pns uc ìckntlur#

A(lst uc Dntbc$ lt d(irbhbcndbtâ kls Dntbcs lst k(uc nutrl aûtâ# ‛Aldn tblct nux kb``ârlcals bctlddlatulddls kls klux rnals$ onbs

aldn tblct nussb$ piur quldquls ans$ í al qul dls ]êrls hrlas sict

nctârblurs lc kntl nux ]êrls dntbcs$ lt qul$ piur naaiopdbr dlur

őuvrl qub âtnbt kl ìcklr ucl rldbhbic$ bd `nddnbt pdus k(nestrna/

tbics lt kl surcnturld qul kl prlsarbptbics oirndls$ dls lsprbts

cl sl pnssbiccnct k(irkbcnbrl qul piur al qub dls kâpnssl#

Qb$ í olsurl qul dl bv(( sbêadl s(nvncal vlrs sn `bc$ dl kihol



DLQ ]ÊULQ HULAQ# 18>

âtnct `bxâ$ dls ]êrls hrlas lux/oçols rlsslctlct ucl sirtl kldnssbtukl oâtnpjysbqul$ [noiurkls ìroudls rlopdnal ajlz lux

[noiur kls systêols *>"# Dl Hrla lst câ kbndlatbablc# Ic n elnu

çtrl ajrâtblc$ ic c(lst pns piur rblc nrrbêrl/pltbt/`bds kl Hirhbns

lt kl ]ritnhirns$ lt$ qunck a(lst uc kihontbsol qul d(ic vlut

ìcklr sur alttl kbndlatbqul$ ic neiutbt nux kbstbcatbics í dn ìbs

dls pdus bopârblusls lt dls pdus suetbdls# ‛ ]ubs [bonhbcntbic

qub klolurl uc kls trnbts kiobcncts kl d(lsprbt hrla$ surtiut kl

d(lsprbt hrla onrbâ í d(lsprbt irblctnd$ aiool bd d(lst klpubs

Ndlxnckrl$ sl kâplcsl í bctlrprâtlr qunck lddl cl sl kâplcsl

pdus í bcvlctlr# Kl dí alttl lxâhêsl jnrkbl$ kl dí alttl `dirnbsic

k(nddâhirbls qu(bd cius `nukrnbt kâarbrl sb cius c(nvbics nsslz

pnrdâ kl alttl oikl sbchudbêrl lt aictnhblusl# D(nddâhirbl sâvbt$

cius d(nvics vu$ gusqul kncs dls őuvrls k(Noeribsl# Onbs bab

lcairl dls Dntbcs cl ìct qu(bobtlr 6 dls Hrlas ict âtâ dls

arântlurs#

Al c(lst pns í kbrl qu(í als tjâirbablcs dn oirndl nbt âtâ

bckb``ârlctl# Dls ]êrls hrlas ict âtâ kls oirndbstls í dlur `nèic 7

bds ict priajl6 bds c(ict pns lcslbhcâ6 bds c(ict pns irhncbsâ#

ûlddl pdus nrklctl prâkbantbic lt pdus âvnchâdbqul qul alddl kl

Ajrysistiol9 Onbs ajlz al ]êrl$ dl oibcs tjâidihblc k(nbddlurs

kl tius dls ]êrls hrlas$ dn tjâirbl oirndl pdus qul tiutl nutrl

lst bckâabsl# Ic c(y plut rlcaictrlr qul kls tlckncals# Qic

pdus râalct jbstirblc *5" cl triuvl$ kncs uc hris viduol$ qul

quldquls pnhls í aicsnarlr í al qu(bd npplddl « dls prbcabpls kl

sn oirndl ¶ lt cl râussbt oûol pns í lc eblc kâoictrlr d(lxbs/

tlcal# Cius nvics kâgí `nbt alttl rlonrqul qu(nvnct dl trnbtâ

Kls Klvibrs kl snbct Noeribsl dl ]âknhihul kl Adâolct lst dl

slud trnbtâ kbknatbqul kl oirndl ajrâtblccl# Qb snbct Noeribsl

nvnbt triuvâ ajlz sls prâkâalsslurs uc oikêdl í bobtlr$ plut/

çtrl c(lc löt/bd pns klonckâ uc í Abaâric$ lt dn oirndl ajrâ/

Vb"T(iTvd{b[tLU$ Jbstibrl kl dnpjbd# rjrktblccl$ [bnkwdbic tPnbbrnbsl$ t# Bd$ p#88#

*5" ]dlaj$ Qubct Glnc Adbrysistiol#



185 DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

tblccl löt plrku alttl iaansbic kl sl aiopnrlr nvla dn oirndl

nctbqul lt kl s(lcrbajbr kl sls trnkbtbics# Qnbct Ensbdl$ aldub kls

]êrls hrlas qub rlssloedl dl pdus í snbct Noeribsl$ ‛ aiool

snbct Noeribsl lst aldub kls ]êrls dntbcs qub rlssloedl dl pdus

í snbct Ensbdl$ ‛ snbct Ensbdl sloedl nvibr lu d(bkâl ku dbvrl í

`nbrl# >> aiopisn uc rlaulbd kl rêhdls kl oirndl nvla kâvldip/

plolcts í d(nppub# Onbs als rêhdls três/cioerlusls cl sict pns

rldbâls lctrl lddls# Lddls sict kâvldippâls tnctût lc uc ajnpbtrl$

tnctût lc vbcht iu trlctl# Bd oncqunbt í uc tld dbvrl dls qundbtâs

lxtârblurls$ siuvlct `natbals$ qub `ict qu(uc dbvrl kurl# Dlsnutrls

]êrls kl [Lhdbsl hrlaqul sict lcairl pdus dibc k(uc lcslbhclolct

oâtjikbqul kl dn oirndl# Ajnauc nvnbt subvb sic bcspbrntbic$

d(bcspbrntbic kls abraicstncals# Ajnauc nvnbt ieâb í sic rçvl kl

pbâtâ lt kl ajnrbtâ# Dl siuab kls rândbtâs lt kls pissbebdbtâs lst

oçol siuvlct âtrnchlr í als ciedls lsprbts# Dn prâkbantbic kl

Ajrysistiol löt rnolcâ alux qub d(âaiutnblct nux prloblrs åhlsku ajrbstbncbsol$ s(bds nvnblct `nbt pdus qul k(çtrl kâdbabluslolct

âous pnr lddl# Ublc cic pdus kl d(lsprbt pidbtbqul qub slrn dn an/

rnatârbstbqul kl snbct Noeribsl# Dls hrncks âviquls ku oickl

hrla cl sict lcairl qul k(nrklcts trbeucs tiugiurs prçts piur dn

kâ`lcsl ku plupdl$ qul dn tyrnccbl bopârbndl kiccnbt siuvlct

d(iaansbic kl kâ`lckrl$ kls lcclobs câs ku piuvibr$ qu(bds lo/

pdiblct piur dl `dâajbr dn prbêrl iu dn olcnal# D(Lhdbsl$ qub n kâgí

sueb dn pritlatbic kl d(Ltnt$ cl dub n pns lcairl naairkâ dn sblccl#

Alttl bc`ârbirbtâ ku slcs prntbqul lt pidbtbqul ajlz dls ]êrls

hrlas lst aioplcsâl pnr uc hiöt pdus vb` piur dn aictlopdntbic#

A(lst dn plctl prlsqul iedbhâl sur dnqulddl s(lchnhlct dls åols

kls olbddlurs$ qunck kls aikls prâabs cl dls nttnajlct pns í kls

i``bals pdus juoedls# Qb Hrâhibrl kl Cnzbncal c(n pns âtâ uc

oystbqul$ a(lst qul dls klvibrs qub ict plsâ sur dub k(uc pibks

sb diurk ict bcadbcâ vbidloolct sic lsprbt kncs uc nutrl slcs$

lt d(ict piursubvb$ pnrdl siuvlcbr$ gusqul kncs dn rltrnbtl# Onbs

dls piâsbls kict$ âvçqul kâobssbiccnbrl$ bd lopdbt lt aicsidl sls



DLQ ]LULQ HULAQ# 181

dibsbrs$ ict âtâ nppldâls nvla gustlssl kls oâkbtntbics rldb/

$hblusls *>"# Dls piâsbls kl snbct Noeribsl sict `nbtls piur çtrl

ajnctâls pnr ucl ìudl nssloedâl$ alddls kl Hrâhibrl kl Cnzbncal

sict dls oâdncaidbquls rçvlrbls k(uc sidbtnbrl# Alttl kb``ârlcal

c(lst pns sludlolct dn kb``ârlcal kl klux lsprbts bckbvbkulds6

lddl naausl$ lc dn pirtnct í [lxtrçol$ dn kb``ârlcal kl klux

hâcbls$ aldub kl d(Iaabklct lt aldub kl d(Irblct$ Hrâhibrl kl

Cnzbncal lst uc piêtl pjbdisipjl qul tiurolctl$ ondhrâ sn ìb$

dl priedêol kl citrl klstbcâl$ tiurolct kl oâtnpjysbablc$

tiurolct plcknct dichtlops bcaiccu nux lsprbts í dn ìbs pdus

eircâs lt pdus `lrols kl d(Iaabklct 7 « Kncs dl tiurebddic kl

oic aőur nhbtâ$ gl dnbssnbs âajnpplr als oits qub sl aioenttlct 7

û(nb/gl âtâ9 qul subs/gl9 qul klvblckrnb/gl9 Gl d(bhcirl# \c

pdus snhl qul oib cl dl snbt pns oblux# Lcvldippâ kl cunhls$

g(lrrl èí lt dí$ c(nynct rblc$ pns oûol dl rçvl kl al qul gl

kâsbrl6 anr cius siools kâajus lt âhnrâs tnct qul dl cunhl kls

slcs lst npplsnctb sur cius 6 lt aldub/dí pnrnãt pdus snhl qul

oib qub lst dl pdus triopâ pnr dl olcsichl kl sic aőur# Gl

subs$ kbtls qulddl ajisl 6 anr# al qul g(âtnbs n kbspnru$ lt onbc/

tlcnct gl subs nutrl ajisl# ûl slrnb/gl klonbc$ sb gl subs lcairl 9

Ublc kl kurnedl# Gl pnssl lt ol prâabpbtl tld qul dl aiurs k(uc

`dluvl# Kbs/oib al qul gl tl pnrnbs çtrl dl pdus lt$ t(nrrçtnct bab$

rlhnrkl nvnct qul g(âajnppl# Ic cl rlpnssl pns dls oçols `dits

qu(ic n pnssâs$ ic cl rlvibt pns dl oçol jiool qu(ic n

vu *5"# ¶

Alttl citl nttrbstâl lst dn citl ciuvlddl qul Hrâhibrl kl

Cnzbncal n nppirtâl kncs dn piâsbl# Qurtiut sb d(ic plcsl nux

anusls kl sn trbstlssl$ al piêtl ku bv% sbêadl cius sloedl prls/

qul uc aictlopirnbc# ‛ Onbs lc`bc bd kâaiuvrl lc Kblu uc

rlùhl$ lt rlhrlttl sls nchibssls$ cic sncs uc rloirks kl dls

nvibr âpriuvâls 7 « Jlurlux qub oêcl ucl vbl sidbtnbrl$ lt qub$

*b" Pbb#DFONbC$ [nedlnu kl Pâdiquacal ajrâtblccl nu bv% sbêadl$ p# >12#

*5" [rnkubt pnr Pbddlonbc$ dia# abt#$ p# >12/>;=#



18; DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNdbC[ NOJUIBQL#

dibc kls jiools nttnajâs í dn tlrrl qul ìudlct dlurs pns$

âdêvl í Kblu sic åol . Jlurlux lcairl qub$ oçdâ í dn oudtbtukl$

cl sl dnbssl pns rnvbr nu oçol tiurebddic qu(lddl$ onbs kiccl í

Kblu tiut sic aőur . Jlurlux qub$ nu prbx kl tius sls eblcs nenc/

kiccâs$ naqublrt Gâsus/Ajrbst$ lt pirtl jnut dn Aribx$ sic slud jâ/

rbtnhl *>" . ¶ Ld sic ajnct kl trbiopjl aictbcul nbcsb$ râsuonct

tiutls dls nspbrntbics kl alttl elddl åol qub n triuvâ kncs dls

nustârbtâs dn huârbsic kls edlssurls qul dn vbl dub nvnbt `nbtls#

K(ucl hråal pdus oystbqul lcairl sict dls ajncts kl Qycâsbus

sur dl oçol tjêol# « Jlurlux qub$ ùynct dls arbs virnals kl

dn ontbêrl lt s(âajnppnct k(bab/ens$ oictl vlrs Kblu k(ucl aiursl

rnpbkl . Jlurlux qub$ dberl kls trnvnux lt kls plbcls kl dn tlrrl$

s(âdncènct sur dls riutls kl d(åol$ n vu dls priìcklurs kbvbcls .

A(lst uc hrnck l`ìrt kl siudlvlr sic åol sur d(nbdl kls aâdls/

tls kâsbrs# Qiutblcs alt l`ìrt pnr d(nrklur qub tl pirtl nux aji/

slsbctlddlatulddls#

Dl ]êrlaâdlstl sl

oictrlrn klpdus prês

ítib$ tl tlcknct dn onbc# \c rnyic prâaurslur erbddlrn sur dn

riutl lt t(iuvrbrn d(jirbzic bkând$ siural kl dn elnutâ# Aiurnhl$

û oic åol. Nerluvl/tib kncs dls siurals âtlrclddls$ oictl

pnr dn prbêrl vlr& dl Arântlur lt cl tnrkl pns í qubttlr dn tlrrl#

Eblctût$ tl oçdnct nu ]êrl aâdlstl$ tu slrns Kblu kncs Kblu dub/

oçol *5"# ¶ Al rçvl k(lxtnsl rlprâslctl piur dls aictlopdntb`s

dn tlctntbic# Als klrcbêrls pnridls k(uc âvçqul$ sb lddls c(âtnblct

lc vlrs$ slrnblct jârâtbquls#

\cl nutrl aicsâqulcal kl dn rlajlrajl bckbvbkulddl kl dn

plr`latbic lst d(nsaâtbsol# Cius siools í ucl âpiqul iò dl

kâslrt sl plupdl# Al sict kls sidbtnbrls k(neirk$ pubs kl vârbtn/

edls nssiabntbics$ kls nssiabntbics kl sidbtnbrls# Dl tlrol kl

oicnstêrl lc`lrol als klux bkâls aictrnkbatibrls# D(nsaâtbsol

rlarutl d(âdbtl kl dn siabâtâ ajrâtblccl$ « aiool kncs dls sbêadls

prâaâklcts dl ajrbstbncbsol nvnbt rlarutâ d(âdbtl kl dn siabâtâ

*>" [rnkubt pnr Pbu#LONbC$ dia# abt#$ p# >;1#

*5" [rnkubt pnr Pbddfonbc$ tia# abt#$ p# 551#

>



DLQ ]ÊULQ HULAQ# 18<

pnélccl *>"# ¶ Al ùt ucl rldbhbic kncs dn rldbhbic# Dls ucs clìct qu(y trloplr dlurs åols piur rltiurclr í dn vbl natbvl#

[lds snbct Glnc Ajrysistiol lt snbct Ensbdl# ]iur k(nutrls

d(nsaâtbsol cl ùt pns sludlolct ucl kbsabpdbcl$ onbs dn ìrol

kâ`bcbtbvl kl dlur vbl# Lt$ lctrl als åols lxndtâls pnr ucl sidbtukl

pridichâl$ pnr tictls dls oirtb`bantbics$ sncs rldntbics nvla dl

oickl$ sncs vbl pjysbqul$ dls oibcs râsbstnctls i``rbrlct í alttl

lxtnsl kict cius pnrdbics tiut í d(jlurl aiool uc tlrrnbc prâ/pnrâ# « Kl alttl rukl âaidl ku kâslrt$ kbt O# Rbddlonbc$ bd sir/

tnbt kls hrncks jiools lt kls ìus# ¶

]nr sls lxaês oçol d(nsaâtbsol hrla cius `nbt plcslr í d(nsaâ/

tbsol irblctnd$ qu(bd y nbt iu qu(bd c(y nbt pns lctrl lux uc dblc

kl pnrlctâ jbstirbqul# D(Iaabklct lut nussb sls aiuvlcts lt sls

oibcls# Onbs rblc cl onrqul oblux dn kb``ârlcal kl klux

rnals qul dls anrnatêrls kb``ârlcts qu(y rlvçt ucl oçol bcstb/

tutbic# Cic sludlolct [Iaabklct cl obt pns sic bkând kncs dn

vrnbl sidbtukl$ kncs dn vbl kls als ncnajirêtls adiãtrâs *5" kict

Ajrysistiol dub/oçol sl rlùsl í diulr d(bcutbdl vlrtu lt qub$

piur cl hnrklr nuaucl aiooucbantbic nvla dls vbvncts$ rlal/

vnblct pnr ucl duanrcl dlur ciurrbturl# Onbs dn vbl oicnstbqul

c(y lut pns k(irkbcnbrl$ lt lc pnrtbaudblr kncs dls irkrls k(jiools$

dl anrnatêrl bckbvbkundbstl qu(lddl hnrkn lc Irblct# Bab ic cl dn

prntbqul qul piur dn plr`latbic plrsicclddl$ iu oçol piur dls

giubssncals k(irkrl oystbqul qu(lddl priaurl# Dí$ iutrl als

rnbsics$ ic n lc vul dn kâ`lcsl lt dls prihrês kl d(Lhdbsl *1"# A(lst

ucl őuvrl aiddlatbvl qul d(ic naaiopdbt# Dls irkrls klvblcclct

kls obdbals# Nussb$ tnckbs qul dl oicnajbsol irblctnd lut ucl

aiurtl klstbcâl$ lt s(âtlbhcbt iesaurâolct$ nprês nvibr kiccâ

nsbdl í d(lsprbt kl suetbdbtâ lt kl ajbancl tjâidihbqul$ dls oib/cls k(Iaabklct ùrlct í dn ìbs dls hnrkblcs kls trnkbtbics kncs

*>" ]dlaj$ Qnbct Glnc Ajrysixtiol$ p# 5<=#

*5" Oivnyi6 bSz/bSZbcsSbv)û6#

*1" A`# WbLHDLU$ dia# abt#$ p# 5=2#




d(ucbvlrsld eiudlvlrslolct$ lt dls pbiccblrs kl dn abvbdbsntbic

ajrâtblccl 7 « Dn vbl oicnstbqul$ rlonrqul Oictndloelrt$ sl

ìckl lc Irblct aiool [Lhdbsl 6 onbs$ aiool d(Lhdbsl nussb$

lddl c(naqublrt sn vârbtnedl ìral qu(lc Iaabklct *;" ¶#

Dl oçol jiool bcbtbn dl oickl rionbc í dn vbl oicnstbqul$

nprês lc nvibr âtâ aiool dl dâhbsdntlur piur dl oickl hrla 7

al ùt Ntjncnsl# Dn plrsâautbic qub klux ìbs dl aictrnbhcbt kl

ùbr lc [jâenékl$ lt qub tribs ìbs d(lxbdn í Uiol$ `bt kl dub dl ols/

snhlr kls ]êrls ku kâslrt nuprês kl dlurs dibctnbcs bobtntlurs#

Al rûdl giuâ pnr Ntjncnsl onrqul nussb dl dblc qub ucbt dl oicn/

ajbsol cnbssnct í dn duttl aictrl d(nrbncbsol# Kbsics lc`bc

aioeblc bd lst bctârlssnct kl vibr dl hrnck âvçqul k(Ndlxnckrbl$

oibcl nvla dls oibcls$ pnssnct kl dn duttl í dn rltrnbtl$ lt kl

dn rltrnbtl í dn duttl$ prloblr lxlopdl kl alttl nssiabntbic kls

vlrtus natbvls lt kls vlrtus aictlopdntbvls qub slrn$ aiool

cius d(nvicskbt í pripis kl snbct Noeribsl$ uc kls trnbts kbs/

tbcatb`s kl d(âpbsaipnt ajrâtblc# Ntjncnsl ùt í dn ìbs uc tjâi/

dihblc lt uc nsaêtl$ râucbssnct lc dub dls klux hrncks anrnatêrls

kl d(Âhdbsl hrlaqul# A(lst sn Pbl k(Ngbtibcl qub ùt aiool d(âvnc/

hbdl ku oicnajbsol# Alt âarbt$ sldic d(lxprlssbic kl snbct

Hrâhibrl kl Cnzbncal$ nppirtnbt ucl rêhdl sius ìrol kl

râabt *5"# A(âtnbt uc aikl lc natbic# Bd lst kl alux sur dlsqulds

cius viudics cius nrrçtlr#

Cius y viyics dn vbl oicnstbqul$ sius d(bc`dulcal k(Nctibcl$

prlckrl sn vârbtnedl ìrol# Kncs dl prbcabpl dls ncnajirêtls sl

aictlctnblct kl olclr ucl vbl rltbrâl nux lcvbrics kls vbddls#

Nctibcl dls lctrnãcn í sn subtl nu kâslrt# ]ubs$ dls hriupnct

nutiur kl dub$ bd ìckn als abtâs kl oibcls$ nsbdls kl pbâtâ lt kl

gustbal$ qu(Ntjncnsl sndul lc als tlrols 7 « ûno pudajrnl

kious tunl$ Gnaie$ lt tnelrcnaudn tun$ Bsrnæd *1" . ¶ Dí Nctibcl$

*>" Oictndloelrt$ Dls oibcls k(Iaabklct$ t# B$ p# >12#

*5" Q# Hrâh# Cnzbnca$ Irnt# 58 bc Bcuk# Q# Ntjnc#

*1" Qnbct Ntjncnsl$ Pbl kl snbct Nctibcl$ ;;#



18: DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOB1U=BQL#

duttls qu(lddl lut í siutlcbr$ uc nuxbdbnbrl k(nutnct pdus prâ/

ablux qu(bd lst lc kljirs kl dn jbârnrajbl laadâsbnstbqul$ lt qu(bd

sloedl nppirtlr kncs dls kbsputls kls jiools dn vibx klKblu*d"#

Onbs dl onrtyrl$ nu/klvnct kuquld bd vlcnbt$ sl rlùsl í dub lt bd

rltiurcl nu kâslrt aiool í sic âdâolct$ nbcsb qu(bd dl kbt dub/

oçol *5"# ‛ >> n arââ uc typl kict dls bobtntlurs slrict dâhbic$

lt sic bc`dulcal sur dn oirndl ajrâtblccl slrn dn pdus hrnckl

nprês alddl ku Ajrbst# Onbs tnckbs qul d(bc`dulcal ku Ajrbst kurl

lcairl$ d(bkând nsaâtbqul c(lxbstl kncs dn aicsablcal natulddl qu(í

tbtrl k(lxalptbic$ nbcsb qu(bd lxbstn tiugiurs$ iu aiool uc pjâ/#

cioêcl k(ntnvbsol oirnd#

Dls rêhdls kl snbct Ensbdl$ cic pns alddls kict cius nvics

kâgí pnrdâ lt qub s(nkrlssnblct í tius dls ajrâtblcs$ onbs alddls

qu(bd ìroudn piur dls oibcls$ tâoibhclct k(ucl irhncbsntbic

kâgí nvncaâl kl dn vbl oicnstbqul# Ic nvnbt pisâ í snbct Ensbdl

ucl sârbl kl qulstbics$ priedêols kl aicsablcal rldbhblusl iu kl

kbsabpdbcl6 dls râpicsls qu(bd y dbt klvbcrlct uc rêhdlolct

naalptâ kncs tiut d(Irblct# Kls vőux ìrolds aicsnarnct lt

aicsidbknct dls viantbics$ dl rlcicalolct í tiutl priprbâtâ

plrsicclddl$ dn aicabdbntbic kl dn vbl sidbtnbrl lt kl dn vbl lc

aioouc$ ku glöcl lt ku trnvnbd$ lt lcdbc d(iedbhntbic kl d(ieâbs/

sncal sur dnqulddl ic c(nvnbt gnonbs lcairl nutnct bcsbstâ$ tlddls

sict dls ciuvlnutâs oirndls kl al rêhdlolct# ‛ K(nutrls quls/

tbics vblcclct lcsubtl lt k(nutrls râpicsls pdus erêvls qul dls

prlobêrls$ onbs nu cioerl kl klux alct quntrl/vbcht/sbx iu kl

tribs alct trlbzl$ sldic dls oncusarbts$ sirtl kl três/dich np/

plckbal nu prâaâklct rlaulbd# Alt npplckbal aicstbtul$ í vrnb

kbrl$ dl prloblr trnbtâ kl ansubstbqul qul cius pissâkbics#

Abtics$ piur lc onrqulr d(lsprbt$ quldquls ucls kls qulstbics

pisâls#

« Aioolct bd `nut lctlckrl al aicslbd 7

Cl vius bcqubâtlz pns

*>" Qnbct Ntbbncnsl$ Pbl kl snbct Nctibcl$ ;0#

*5" Bd sl aiopnrl nu pibssic qub cl plut vbvrl jirs kl d(lnu#



DLQ ]ÊULQ HULAQ# 182

ku dlcklonbc *>"#

‛ Lst/bd plrobs kl olctbr$ quldqul utbdbtâ

qul pubssl nvibr uc olcsichl *5" 9 ‛ @nut/bd nppldlr olctlur

aldub qub$ nynct uc klsslbc$ cl d(n pns obs í lxâautbic *1"9 ¶ Dls

ans subvncts `lrnblct í eic kribt pnrtbl ku qulstbiccnbrl k(uc

kbrlatlur 7 « @nut/bd nkrlsslr dls oûols rlpriajls nu rldbhblux

qub n `nbddb lt nu prloblr pâajlur vlcu *;"9 ‛ *Aioolct s(y

prlckrl nvla aldub qub$ oârbtnct sur tius dls nutrls pibcts$

pêajl alplcknct k(uc alrtnbc aûtâ *<"$ ¶ Onbs a(lst k(uclansubstbqul k(uc hlcrl pnrtbaudblr$ a(lst kl dn kbrlatbic cic

pdus k(uc jiool$ onbs k(ucl aiooucnutâ$ qu(bd s(nhbt dl

pdus siuvlct7 « Aldub qub dnbssl pâajlr sic vibsbc$ qunck bd löt

pu sl olttrl lc trnvlrs$ n/t/bd pâajâ dub/oçol *0g 9 ‛ Qb vius

siupèicclz uc `rêrl k(uc pâajâ kict bd c(n pns lcairl âtâ aic/

vnbcau$ aicvblct/bd kl dl survlbddlr piur dl prlckrl lc `nutl *8"9

‛ ^unck uc kâ`nut plrsbstl lt qul dl aiupnedl cl `nbt quls(brrbtlr kls rlpriajls$ cl vnut/bd pns oblux sl sâpnrlr kl dub *:" 9 ¶

‛ Bd y n kls kb``baudtâs priprls í alux qub aiooncklct 7 ]lu/

vlct/bds hnrklr dn sbopdbabtâ k(åol qu(lxbhl alttl pnridl 7 « Qb

vius cl klvlclz aiool kl pltbts lc`ncts$ vius c(lctrlrlz pns

kncs dl riynuol kls ablux *2" ¶9 ‛ « Qb$ í dn subtl k(uc slroic$

vius ietlclz quldqul gibl ku suaaês ietlcu$ `nut/bd d(nttrbeulr

nu slctbolct ku eblc qul vius nvlz `nbt iu í uc oiuvlolctk(irhulbd *>="9 ¶ K(nutrls qulstbics ict uc anrnatêrl tiut nsaâ/

tbqul 7 « Q(bd lst plrobs kl rbrl *>>"# ‛ Aioolct ic vblct í eiut

*>" Qnbct Ensbdl$ Ulhudsl aicabsbus kbsputntx$ 585#

*5" Bk#$ 80#

*1" Bk#$ <2#

*;" Bk## :5#

*<" )k#$:1#

*0" O#$ ;0#

*8" Bk#$ >2#

*:" Bk#$ <8#

*2"bk#$ bd1#

{bI" Bk#$ >:<#

*J" )k#$1>#



1:= DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOB1U=BQL#

k%bo elsibc lxalssb` kl sioolbd *>"# ‛ ûlddl plbcl oârbtl

aldub qub$ râvlbddâ piur dn prbêrl$ dnbssl vibr sn onuvnbsl juolur

iu sn aidêrl *5" 9 ‛ Aioolct `nbrl piur cl rlsslctbr nuaucl

viduptâ lc onchlnct *1"# ¶ Onbs snbct Ensbdl ngiutl als rlstrba/

tbics bcspbrâls pnr sic irkbcnbrl oikârntbic lt pnr ucl sablcal

kâgí priìckl kl dn kbrlatbic 7 « Kl dn olsurl í hnrklr kncs dl

glöcl *;"# ‛ Lst/al ucl eiccl natbic qul kl sl prbvlr lc kljirs

kl dn rêhdl$ lt kl sn priprl bcbtbntbvl$ kl tld iu tld ndbolct *<"9 ¶

\c ndbcân sur dn aidêrl *0" cius rnpplddl uc pnssnhl ncndihulku trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs$ kl snbct Noeribsl# K(nutrls tlxtls sur dls

kribts lt dls klvibrs kls neeâs$ sur dl vibsbcnhl kls aiuvlcts

k(jiools lt kl `lools$ sur dn aic`lssbic *8"$ ict uc bctârçt

surtiut jbstirbqul# [ius aictrbeulct í cius priuvlr klux ajisls 7

dls lxtrnirkbcnbrls prihrês kl dn vbl oicnstbqul lt d(irblctntbic

kldí plcsâl kl snbctEnsbdl vlrs dls priedêols pnrtbaudblrs qu(lddl

siudêvl# Lt cius c(nvics pns pnrdâ kls Aicstbtutbics oicnstbquls

ku oçol nutlur lt k(nutrls âarbts kbatâs pnr kls prâiaaupntbics

ncndihuls# Dn oirndl ajrâtblccl cl triuvl qu(lc Iaabklct sn

ìrol siabndl lt dnéqul$ piur nbcsb kbrl# Onbs d(bcstbtutbic oi/

cnstbqul$ qub c(n pns kbt sncs kiutl sic klrcblr oit$ c(lc lst pns

oibcs vlcul k(Irblct nvla ucl oirndl priprl lt kâgí aicstbtuâl#

Qnbct Ensbdl$ nu rltiur k(uc pêdlrbcnhl lc Lhyptl lt lc ]ndls/

tbcl$ tiut pdlbc kls lxlopdls kl d(nsaâtbsol qu(bd y âtnbt nddâ

ajlrajlr$ s(âtnbt ajibsb í dub/oçol$ kncs sn pntrbl$ ucl [jâenékl$

rbnctl [jâenékl$ aiool kbt O# Rbddlonbc$ lt qu(bd kâarbvnbt nbcsb

kncs ucl dlttrl í Hrâhibrl kl Cnzbncal 7 «• Kblu o(n `nbt triuvlr

*>" Qnbct Ensbdl$ Ulhudő aicabsbus kbsputntő$ 15#

*5" Bk#$ ;;#

*1"Gk#$>50#

*;" Bk#$ >1=#

*<" Bk#$ >18#*0" O#$ 5;;#

*8" Bk#$ >>=# 4( Aicvblct/bd$ qunck uclsőur sl aic`lssl í uc prçtrl$ qu(ucl

sőur pdus åhâl nssbstl í dn aic`lssbic 9 ¶



DLQ ]LULQ HULAQ# 1:>

uc nsbdl aicìrol í ols hiöts### A(lst ucl jnutl oictnhcl lc/vldippâl k(ucl âpnbssl ìrçt$ nrrisâl ku aûtâ ku Cirk pnr kls

siurals `rnãajls lt dbopbkls# Nu pblk s(âtlck ucl pdnbcl bcals/

snoolct `lrtbdbsâl pnr dls lnux qub tioelct kls jnutlurs6 dn

ìrçt qub glttl í d(lctiur sls nrerls kl tiutls lspêals$ lt pdnctâs

nu jnsnrk$ dub slrt piur nbcsb kbrl kl our lt kl kâ`lcsl# D(ãdl kl

Andypsi slrnbt plu kl ajisl nuprês$ quibqul Jioêrl d(nbt nkobrâl

pdus qul tiutls dls nutrls piur sn elnutâ### ]nrkicclz/oib kicakl ùbr vlrs alt nsbdl# Ndaoâic dub/oçol s(nrrçtn qunck bd löt

rlcaictrâ dls ãdls Lajbcnkls *>" ¶# ‛ Pibdí uc nsaâtbsol eblc

kb``ârlct kl aldub k(Nctibcl$ lt cius triuvics kncs al pnssnhl

d(bckbantbic kl quldquls trnbts sncs dlsqulds cius c(nurbics kiccâ

qu(ucl `nussl bkâl kls ]êrls kl d(Lhdbsl hrlaqul# Dn pdupnrt ict

aicslrvâ kncs dlur ìb ciuvlddl quldqul ajisl kl als klux rldb/

hbics kl dn Hrêal nctbqul$ dn rldbhbic kl dn cnturl lt dn rldbhbic

kl dn elnutâ# Kncs uc trnbtâ Aictrl dls nkvlrsnbrls kl dn vbl

oicnstbqul$ Ajrysistiol `nbt vndibr lc `nvlur kl alttl vbl dls

ajnrols kl dn anopnhcl qu(lddl olt í oçol kl oblux hiötlr#

Hrâhibrl kl bCnzbncal prâdukl í ucl oâkbtntbic qul cius nvics

kâgí abtâl pnr dls pdus lxqubsls klsarbptbics$ kiccnct í sn rçvl/

rbl pjbdisipjbqul uc ankrl ajnopçtrl 7 « Dls erbsls kl d(nbr

oçdâls í dn vibx kls ibslnux vlrsnblct uc kiux sioolbd ku

jnut kl dn abol kls nrerls ibb bds ajnctnblct râgiubs pnr dn du/

obêrl# Dls abhndls anajâls sius d(jlrel `nbsnblct râsicclr tiut

dl eibs6 ucl lnu dbopbkl enbhcnbt ols pblks$ s(âaiudnct kiual/

olct í trnvlrs dl eibs rn`rnãajb# ¶ Kl oçol$ uc vb` slctbolct

kl d(jnroicbl kls ajisls arââls bcspbrl pdusblurs pnssnhls kl

PJlxnoâric kl snbct Ensbdl$ qub slrvbrn$ nvla aldub k(Irbhêcl$

kl oikêdl í snbct Noeribsl *5"# Bab snbct Ensbdl c(lst pns sludl/

olct dl prâaurslur kl snbct Noeribsl$ onbs aldub kl @âcldic

lt kl Elrcnrkbc kl Qnbct/]blrrl#

*>" [rnkubt pnr PbDDFONbC$ dia# abt#$ p# >>:/>>2#

*5" Pibr citnoolct 1'? Jioâdbl$ >=$ lt ;%? Jioâdbl$ 0#



1:5 DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ ÅOEUIBQL#

Onbs$ lctrl tiutls dls ìrols kl dn elnutâ$ a(lst í dn elnutâ

dbttârnbrl qul dls ]êrls hrlas sict rlstâs dl pdus slcsbedls#

Dls plupdls nuxqulds bds s(nkrlssnblct dlur `nbsnblct kl d(âdi/

qulcal ucl câalssbtâ lt uc klvibr# Bds cl ùrlct kica pns

âdiqulcts sludlolct pnr dn ìral kl dlur plcsâl lt kl dlur aic/

vbatbic$ lt aiool ondhrâ lux6 bds dl ùrlct nvla prâoâkbtntbic6

bds ùrlct kls nrtbstls 6‛ snu` í rlhrlttlr lcsubtl qul alrtnbcs

kl dlurs suaaês cl siblct qul kls suaaês irntibrls# Hjry/

sistiol sl pdnbct lc l``lt qul dn ìudl vblccl pdus loprlssâlí sls kbsaiurs qu(nux prbêrls# Kâgí ic prâ`ârnbt nux i``bals dl

slroic ku prâkbantlur í dn oikl# Nbcsb d(lxaês k(âdiqulcal

aicstbtul uc knchlr lt aiool ucl aicaurrlcal piur dn anusl

oûol qul alttl âdiqulcal kibt kâ`lckrl# Dn sőur kl snbct

Ensbdl$ nu rnppirt kl Hrâhibrl kl Cyssl$ dl triuvnbt kncs sn

gluclssl hictdâ iutrl olsurl kl d(irhulbd qul kiccl dl snvibr

lt k(ucl sirtl kl oirhul dbttârnbrl *> "# Hrâhibrl kl Cnzbncal lc`bc

`nbt alttl rlonrqul$ ibb sl slct prlsqul ucl åol k(jiool kl

dlttrls$ qul dn rbvndbtâ kl tndlct$ « al qub eriubddl dl oblux dls

jiools$ ¶ cl râussbt pns í ndtârlr sls rldntbics nvla snbct

Ensbdl9 Lt bd ngiutl$ quldquls dbhcls pdus dibc$ qu(bds subvnblct

aûtl í aûtl klux ajlobcs tiugiurs dls oûols$ d(uc qub aickubt

í d(Âhdbsl$ d(nutrl qub aickubt í d(âaidl *5"#

A(lst d(lsprbt dihbqul kl d(Iaabklct qub s(nvbsn k(ucl aictrn/

kbatbic lctrl als klux kbrlatbics k(lsprbt lt aiool als klux

audtls# Dls ]êrls hrlas ùrlct piur dn pdupnrt rjâtlurs nvnct

k(çtrl âviquls$ lt$ sb d(ic lxalptl Ntjncnsl$ ic plut kbrl

k(lux qul$ klvlcus âviquls$ bds rlstêrlct rjâtlurs$ lc dnbssnct

í al tlrol dl slcs rlsplatâ qu(bd nvnbt ndirs# Qnbct Hrâhibrl

kl Cnzbncal kbstbchul clttlolct klux sablcals$ onbs kict

d(ucl cl supprbol pns d(nutrl 7 « Dl prloblr kls eblcs$ a(lst dn

sablcal$ lt gl c(lctlcks pns sludlolct dn cûtrl$ alttl ciedl

*>" Q# Hrla# Cyss#$ Pbtn sncatx Onarbcx$ 5#

*5" Q# Hrla# Cnzbncz#$ Irnt#$ ;5#



DLQ ]LULQ HULAQ# 1:1

sablcal qub kâknbhcl dls irclolcts lt dn piopl ku dnchnhl piurcl s(nttnajlr qu(nu sndut lt í dn elnutâ kls eblcs spbrbtulds6 gl

pnrdl nussb kl dn sablcal pri`ncl qul tnct kl ajrâtblcs eblc

nvluhdls sncs kiutl rlglttlct aiool pdlbcl k(âaulbds lt kl

knchlrs$ aiool âdibhcnct kl Kblu *>" ¶# Qnbct Noeribsl lst$

cius cius lc siuvlcics$ oibcs rlsplatulux kl dn sablcal pri/

`ncl# N plbcl$ sius d(bc`dulcal k(ucl viantbic râalctl$ snbct

Ensbdl n/t/bd quldquls oiuvlolcts kl kâknbc piur sls ncablcclsâdukls$ lt lc pnrdl/t/bd nvla uc naalct qu(ic n pu aiopnrlr

í aldub k(uc nutrl aicvlrtb$ snbct Nuhustbc *5"# Eblctût dn pnbx

sl `nbt kncs sic íol# D(âvêqul cl riuhbt pns k(nvibr âtâ d(âdêvl

kl Dbencbus$ nvla dlquld bd hnrkl dls olbddlurls rldntbics6 onbs

bd s(lc siuvblct lt tbrl pri`bt$ piur sls ìcatbics ciuvlddls$ kl d(nrt

qu(bd n rlèu kl dub# \c kl sls râalcts ebihrnpjls n rldlvâ tiutls

dls bobtntbics kl d(nctbqubtâ kict sls őuvrls sict pdlbcls *1"# \ctrnbtâ kl ]dutnrqul Qur dls klttls lst prlsqul tiut lctblr trncs/

pirtâ kncs ucl kl sls jioâdbls# Lc bobtnct í sic tiur uc oi/

rndbstl pnélc$ snbct Noeribsl löt kica pu$ s(bd lc löt lu elsibc$

s(nutirbslr kl d(lxlopdl kl snbct Ensbdl$ lt nuauc cl dub löt

sloedâ í dub/oçol pdus sör í subvrl# Ngiutics qu(í dn kb``ârlcal

kl snbct Noeribsl$ snbct Ensbdl cl sl aribt pns tlcu kl kâprâablr

dl oikêdl qu(bd bobtl# >> cl `nbt oçol nuauc l`ìrt piur sl

kbstbchulr kl dub# Bd s(lc kbstbchul piurtnct pnral qul sic

bcspbrntbic lst kiuedl# Bd lst nussb ciurrb kl dn Ebedl qul kls

adnssbquls# Lt pnr dl oâdnchl qul sic stydl ipêrl kl als klux

siurals k(bkâls lt k(bonhls$ bd rlciuvlddl dn dnchul hrlaqul

lt ìckl ucl trnkbtbic dbttârnbrl qub survbvrn í alttl dnchul

oçol#

>> `bt pdus 6 bd gibhcbt dl prâalptl í d(lxlopdl$ lt kâoictrn d(utb/

dbtâ kl dn dlaturl kls nutlurs pri`ncls piur dn gluclssl ajrâ/

*>" Q# Hrfh# Cnzbncz#$ Ip#$ t# B$ p# 151 lt 15;#

*5" Pibr @bNDIC$ Qnbct Ensbdl$ p# 51#

*1" @bNDIC$ dia# abt#$ p# >:< lt slq#



1:; DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

tblccl *>"# Qnbct Gârûol âarbvbt quldqul ajisl kl sloednedl$

onbs nprês qulddl duttl bctârblurl. Ajlz snbct Ensbdl$ aldn c(n

oçol pns dnbr k(ucl nuknal# Cius najêvlrics$ pnr d(ncndysl kl

al pltbt âarbt$ al qul cius nvics í kbrl kls ]êrls hrlas# Bd cius

sloedl qu(bd ngiutl uc Brnbt eblc sbhcb`bantb` í dlur pjysbiciobl#

[jâidihblcs lt nsaêtls$ kbsbics/cius k(lux tiut í d(jlurl6 bd `nut

ngiutlr onbctlcnct7 lt juoncbstls# Cic qul$ piur snbct Ensbdl$

tiut sibt í prlckrl kncs d(nctbqubtâ# Dl dlatlur ajrâtblc rlsslo/

edlrn í d(nelbddl qub ajibsbt sls `dlurs lt cl prlck qul dl sua kncsdls `dlurs qu(lddl n ajibsbls# Q(bd nhbt nvla al kbsalrclolct$ bd

triuvlrn kncs dl aioolral kls ncablcs cic sludlolct uc ajnrol

onbs uc pri`bt# Lt snbct Ensbdl cius abtl dls dlèics kl vlrtu qul

dls piêols k(Jioêrl kicclct í alux qub snvlct dls dbrl# Lctrl

dn snhlssl pri`ncl lt dn snhlssl ajrâtblccl snbct Ensbdl vn

gusqu(í nttâculr dls kb``ârlcals$ lt triuvl kncs dn aickubtl kls

snhls nctbquls d(âqubvndlct kl alsonxbcls 7 qu(í aldub qub cius

n `rnppâ sur ucl giul bd `nut tlckrl d(nutrl$ lt qu(bd `nut prblr

piur alux qub cius ìct ku ond$ lc quib bd `nbt í d(nctbqubtâ dn

pnrt pdutût trip elddl# Lc cius olttnct í d(âaidl kls pnélcs cius

cl `nbsics k(nbddlurs qul subvrl d(lxlopdl kl Oiésl$ qub sl `bt

d(âdêvl kls Âhyptblcs *5"# Nbcsb nppnrnãt alttl bkâl qu(ucl abvb/

dbsntbic cnãt k(ucl nutrl lt qul dn rnbsic juonbcl sl aictbcul

lt sl trncsolt# ûldqul kbstncal qu(bd y nbt lctrl dn sablcal

pri`ncl lt dn sablcal kbvbcl$ dn prlobêrl slrt í dn slaickl kl

aiopdâolct lt k(irclolct# Lddl dub lst al qul dl `lubddnhl lst

nu `rubt$ lt d(âtukl kl alttl sablcal pri`ncl lst í d(âdukl kl dn

sablcal kbvbcl uc utbdl prâdukl# Nbcsb dls tlbcturblrs ìct suebr

alrtnbcls prâpnrntbics í d(âti``l qub kibt rlalvibr dn tlbcturl#

Qnbct Ensbdl kbt lcairl qu(bd cius `nut lxlralr dn vul kl citrl

åol aiool sur kls ioerls lt kls obribrs nvnct k(islr rlhnrklr

lc `nal dn vârbtâ#

*>" Qnbct >1nsbdl$ Kl dn dlaturl kls nutlurs pri`ncls#

*5" Qnbct Gârûol lopdibl dl oçol nrhuolct# Pibr kncs citrl ajn/



DLQ ]ÊULQ HULAQ# 1:<

û(löt plcsâ [lrtuddblc kl als bchâcblux rnbsicclolcts9‛ Alqu(bd `nut râpickrl$ a(lst qul cius cl siools pns sludlolct

kncs uc nutrl tlops$ onbs kncs uc nutrl pnys qul aldub qub n

prikubt [lrtuddblc#

BB

Qnbct Gârûol 7 dl oicnajbsol#

Onbs a(lst surtiut í kls ]êrls dntbcs qu(bd `nut aiopnrlr

snbct Noeribsl$ í snbct Gârûol qub lst lxnatlolct sic aictlo/

pirnbc$ í snbct Nuhustbc qub lst sic `bds spbrbtuld 6 bd cius

nppnrnãtrn oblux ndirs aiool dl pdus adnssbqul kl tius pnr dls

bkâls$ pnr dls bctdulcais suebls lt lxlraâls#

Kl quldqul aûtâ qul d(ic prlccl d(jbstibrl kl dn dbttârnturl

ajrâtblccl$ ic rlcaictrl snbct Gârûol$ lt kâgí bd n lu sn pdnal

iedbhâl kncs al dbvrl# Bd lst d(nutlur kl dn Pudhntl$ d(âkbtlur kls

quntrl Lvnchbdls lt kls ]snuols$ dl trnkuatlur lt dl aictbcuntlur

k(Lusêel# Al c(lst pns sludlolct d(jbstibrl$ onbs d(jbstibrl dbttâ/

rnbrl qu(bd n ìckâl kncs dl ajrbstbncbsol nvla sic Kl Pbrbs# Bd

n bctrikubt kncs dn dbttârnturl dntbcl uc hlcrl klstbcâ í uc hrnck

nvlcbr 7 dls Pbls kls snbcts# Bd n âarbt kls dlttrls kict quldquls

ucls sict kl vrnbs trnbtâs# Bd n âtâ oçdâ í tiutls dls pidâobquls

rldbhblusls aictrl dls irbhâcbstls lt aictrl dls pâdnhblcs# Onbs

cius viudics cius eirclr í âtukblr sic rûdl kncs d(jbstibrl kl

dn oirndl ajrâtblccl lt í citlr dls âdâolcts kl alttl oirndl$

cius cl kbsics pns qub vblcclct kl dub slud$ onbs qul sic cio

rlprâslctl# Qnbct Gârûol c(lst pns$ aiool snbct Noeribsl$

prâ`lt$ pubs âvçqul$ lt tiugiurs jiool k(Ltnt# Al c(lst qu(uc

oibcl kiuedâ k(uc jiool kl dlttrls# Onbs al oibcl ùt prês

pbtrl BP dl kâvldipplolct bcdbdudâ7 Qnbct Gârûol lt snbct Ntugbtstbc kbsabpdls kl

Abaâric#

\cbvljsbtâ KU Dyic# ‛ PBJ# N# 5i



1:0 DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

kls `lools [npûtrl kl dn vbl oicnstbqul# Qnbct Noeribsl pri/

tâhln dls aiuvlcts$ onbs snbct Gârûol dls arân# ]lcknct qunrnctl

ncs$ í Uiol k(neirk$ pubs í Eltjdâlo$ bd lxjirtl$ bcstrubt$

hiuvlrcl dls pntrbablccls qu bd n lcrûdâls kncs alttl obdbal k(uc

ciuvlnu hlcrl# Qls dlttrls cius dls ìct aiccnãtrl$ kl sirtl qu(bd

lst dlur jbstirblc nprês nvibr âtâ dlur hâcârnd$ lt cius rnaictl

dub/oçol dls vlrtus qu(bd n bcspbrâls# N al kiuedl tbtrl sic cio

lst nssiabâ nux dlurs$ lt í alttl âpbkâobl kl viantbics qub sâvbt

í dn bbc ku bvS sbêadl sur dls pdus hrnckls `nobddls kl Uiol# Lclctrnãcnct í sn subtl vlrs dn ]ndlstbcl$ vlrs als aictrâls qub

âtnblct í dn ìbs dl elralnu kl dn rldbhbic ajrâtblccl lt kl dn vbl

oicnstbqul$ dls knols rionbcls nrklctls k(âajnpplr í dn aic/

tnhbic kl oőurs kbssiduls$ lt kl vbvb`blr dlur ìb pnr dn vul

kls dblux snbcts$ snbct Gârûol oictrn uc ajlobc qub klpubs ùt

siuvlct subvb# Ic plut `nbrl kntlr kl dub als pêdlrbcnhls kl

rIaabklct vlrs d(Irblct qub klvnblct neiutbr nux aribsnkls *>"#

]nr dí lcairl sn pnrt lst hrnckl kncs d(jbstibrl rldbhblusl#

Lc oçol tlops d(natbic tiutl/pubssnctl qu(bd lxlrèn sur sls

pâcbtlctls lst dl aioolcalolct k(ucl trnkbtbic pdus oiklstl$

onbs qub rlstlrn d(ucl kls aurbisbtâs kl dn vbl oirndl priprl nu

ajrbstbncbsol# >> lst dl prloblr kl als kbrlatlurs kl aicsablcals

`âobcbcls nu cioerl klsqulds bd `nut bcsarbrl Eissult lt @âcldic#

Lctrl als klux onãtrls kl dn kbrlatbic qul cius vlcics kl

cioolr lt snbct Gârûol bd y n ucl rlssloedncal# Aiool lux

bd lut dl prbvbdêhl k(çtrl dl aic`bklct kls åols dls pdus nrbstiarn/

tbquls kl sic tlops$ lt kl trnvnbddlr sur ucl ontbêrl oirndl kl

jnutl qundbtâ# Onbs alttl rlssloedncal lst dn sludl# Dl tlops$

dl obdblu$ dls klvibrs$ dls jiools nussb$ tiut kb``êrl# ûlddl qul

sibt dn pbâtâ kls hrncks âvçquls ku xvbb(( sbêadl$ lddl c(n pns alt

lopirtlolct qub$ oçol nu bv% sbêadl$ kbstbchul snbct Gârûol kl

sls aictlopirnbcs# Al oibcl qub s(âtnbt `nbt rlarutlur kl

*>" Pibr OiC[NDLOELU[$ Bas Oibébls k(Iaabktct$ ># B$ p# >81#



QNBC[ GÂUÛOL 7 DL OICNAJBQOL# 1:8

oibcls âarbt lc l``lt$ lc s(nkrlssnct í uc kl sls nobs kict dls

jâsbtntbics d(brrbtlct$ kls pjrnsls aiool alddl/ab iò lst

lxprboâ uc slctbolct qul cius nvics kâgí rlcaictrâ ajlz snbct

Noeribsl$ onbs aioeblc pdus ruklolct 7 « Qb tic pêrl sl

aiuajl sur dl slubd kl tn pirtl piur tl rltlcbr$ pnssl pnr/klssus

tic pêrl *>"# ¶ Lt bd cl klonckl pns oibcs nux `lools qu(nux

jiools# Bd cl s(nhbt pns kl aicvlrsbic kncs dl slcs nkiuab ku

oit$ onbs k(ucl rupturl nvla dl oickl$ k(uc rlcicalolct í

tiutls dls kiualurs ku duxl$ í tiutls dls vncbtâs kl dn gluclssl$

kl dn elnutâ lt kl dn cnbssncal# Als `lools qub suppirtnblct

ond dl pibks k(ucl riel kl sibl$ í qub uc rnyic kl sidlbd `nbsnbtd(ldélt

k(ucl erödurl$ qub$ sl `nbsnct pirtlr lc dbtbêrl pnr kls lucuquls$

sl pdnbhcnblct lcairl kls bcâhndbtâs ku sid$ bd s(nhbt kl dls pdblr

cic sludlolct nux pdus nustêrls klvibrs$ onbs nux sibcs dls

pdus rleutncts# Qnbct Gârûol `nbt k(lddls kls dnopbstls$ kls

endnylusls lt kls aubsbcbêrls *5"# Onbs plut/çtrl kl d(lxaês oçolku duxl =>> lddls vbvnblct cnbssnbt/bd aiool uc nttrnbt vlrs dn

oirtb`bantbic$ lt dls vbals k(ucl siabâtâ lc kâanklcal aicstb/

tunblct/bds piur d(âadisbic kls vlrtus nsaâtbquls uc obdblu

`nvirnedl#

Dl hiöt kls âtukls pblusls nvnbt âtâ lctrl snbct Gârûol lt sls

kbsabpdls `âobcbcs dl prloblr dblc *1"# Onralddn `ut piur dub ucl

vârbtnedl aiddneirntrbal# Qnbct Gârûol kbt k(lddl qu(lddl âtnbt

uc guhl nutnct qu(uc kbsabpdl *;"$ lt qul dls qulstbics qu(lddl

pisnbt âtnblct í lddls sludls bcstruatbvls *<"# Dub/oçol puedbn

dl rlaulbd kls dlttrls qu(bd dub nkrlssn lc râpicsl í als qulstbics$

lt qub sict uc vrnb rlaulbd k(lssnbs arbtbquls lt pidâobquls#

Onbs lddl c(lst pns sludlolct dn klstbcntnbrl kl dlttrls âarbtls

*>" Qnbct GtUÒOL$ Lp#$ ZBP$ 5#

*5" X#$DZPB#

*1" Bk#$ ZDP$ 5#

*;" Qnbct Gârûo`$ ]rő`# bc Lpbsd# ]nud$ nk Hndnt# 7 ###ol slctbrlo cic Dno*dbsabpudncb jnelrl quncb gukbalo#

*i" Qnbct #Gfròol$ Lp#$ DBZ$ >#



1:: DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBbPQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

piur dl puedba nutnct qul piur lddl6 anr cius snvics pnr snbct

Gârûol qu(bds kbsautnblct kl vbvl vibx$ qunck al c(âtnbt pns pnr

âarbt# A(âtnbt lctrl lddl lt dub uc aioolral aictbcu k(bkâls#

Nvla lddl bd s(nousl nux kâplcs k(nkvlrsnbrls bckbhcls *>"$ iu

nrhuolctl pdus hrnvlolct aictrl kls jârâsbls aiool alddls kl

Oictnc *5"# Bd vn gusqu(í dub trnkubrl kl d(Irbhêcl piur olttrl

alrtnbcls aictrivlrsls oblux í sn pirtâl *1"# Lddl lst dn aic`b/

klctl kls nttnquls kict bd lst d(ieglt piur islr suestbtulr ucl

vlrsbic lxnatl ku Ciuvlnu [lstnolct í kls trnkbtbics

`nutbvls *;"# Lddl ùt lddl/oçol uc kls kâ`lcslurs dls pdus

jnebdls kl d(irtjikixbl aictrl dls irbhâcbstls *<"# Lddl c(lst pns

dn sludl k(nbddlurs kl als `lools snvnctls ku bv( sbêadl$ lt sic

âoudl ]nudn *0"$ lt k(nutrls oibcs aicculs$ ]rbcabpbn *8"$

Jlkbebn *:"$ lt Ndhâsbn *2"$ sloedlct sl kbsputlr pbluslolct dls

aicsudtntbics ku onãtrl aioouc# Alttl airrlspickncal cius

oictrl uc snbct Gârûol qub cl cius iaauplrn huêrl$ onbs qub

löt oncquâ í d(lxnatbtukl jbstirbqul kl d(âtukl qul cius lc

`nbsics$ uc snbct Gârûol ârukbt lt entnbddlur#

Cic qul d(ârukbtbic lt dn kbsputl siblct dl tiut oçol kl sn

airrlspickncal nvla Onralddn# Qb dls trnvnux aiooucs nvnblct

âtâ lctrl lux dl prloblr dblc$ k(nutrls âtnblct câs# Dn kbrlatbic

oirndl âtnbt vlcul nprês dn kbrlatbic sablctb`bqul# \cl sludl ìbs

lddl rlùsn kl dl subvrl$ a(lst dirsqu(bd viudut d(loolclr lc

]ndlstbcl *>="# Onbs lddl nvnbt âtâ sic nssiabâl piur ucl nutrl

*>" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ ZD#

*5" X#$ZDBltZDBB#

*1" bk#$ xxvo#*;g gk#$ xxvo#*<" Bk#$ HZZPBB#

*0" jd#$ ZZZ lt ZZZ\d#

*8" O#$ DZP##*:" Bk#$ AZZ#

*2" Bk#$ HZZB#

*>=" Bk#$ ZDPd$ ]nujl lt Lustiajbn/ nk Onralddno#



12= DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

klsrisls$

lt kls aiqubddls piur qu(bd y nbt kls plrdls *>"#Bd

vnutoblux piurtnct$ kbt/bd nvla kaPdnbc$ lctrlr kncs dl dbt k(uc

jiool$ lt subvrl dl ajlobc enttu kncs dn pdnbcl$ qul kl tioelr

pdus ens piur nvibr viudu oictlr pdus jnut *5"# Bd lst jnctâ kl

alttl bkâl$ siuvlcbr kl sls priprls tlctntbics$ qul dn vbrhbcbtâ

lst kurl í hnrklr lt qul a(lst pnr dn ìral qul d(ic lctrl kncs

dl riynuol kls ablux *1"#

Bd ci `nut pns aribrl k(nbddlurs qul dn `bkâdbtâ sur al pibct arâl

kls kbsplcsls piur k(nutrls klvibrs$ lt kls nesidutbics piur

tiutls dls `nutls# Dn vbrhbcbtâ ku airps cl su``bt pns *;"# Lt

snbct Gârûol lst sâvêrl piur alddls qub aictbculct kl olclr dn

vbl í dnqulddl dn vbrhbcbtâ bopdbqul qul d(ic rlcical# Bd `nut

alsslr tiutls rldntbics nvla dls plrsiccls$ tiut aictnat nvla dls

ajisls qul Bic aicknocl# ûl vn `nbrl ucl vblrhl kncs dn

onbsic kls ciedls$ kncs dn aiur k(ucl bopârntrbal9 D(âpiusl kl

Kblu c(n pns í s(bcadbclr klvnct d(âpiusl k(uc jiool *<"# Icslct í als pnridls qul dn vbl adiãtrâl slrn dn ìrol dihbqul lt

najlvâl kl dn vbl rldbhblusl# Qnbct Gârûol$ qub cl sl aictlctl

pns kl klob/viantbics$ kiccl í ajnqul bcstnct í ajibsbr lctrl

dl oickl lt Kblu *0"# Lt d(jbstibrl cius npprlck qul al sict als

rukls npplds qub ict tiugiurs âtâ dl oblux lctlckus# Onbs$

iutrl alttl rnbsic âtlrclddl$ snbct Gârûol nvnbt$ kncs dls oőurs

kl sic tlops$ kl eiccls rnbsics í bcviqulr lc `nvlur kl sicbctrncsbhlncal# Bd `nddnbt lopçajlr dls viantbics rldbhblusls kl

klvlcbr ucl oikl oicknbcl lt uc prâtlxtl# Bd y lut lc l``lt$ kês

dl bvS sbêadl$ kls neeâs hndncts lt kls rldbhblusls qub cl vndnblct

pns oblux# Bd y lut oûol lctrl tlddls kl alddls/ab lt tlds

*>" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ ZZBB$ 5=#

*5" Bk#$ 0#

*1"8k#$;=#

*;" O#$ 0#

*<" Bk#$ >0#

*0" O#$ bd#



QNBC[ GLUIOL 7 DL OICNAJBQOL# 12>

kl alux/dí kl sbchudbêrls nssiabntbics lt kl vrnbs oâcnhls *>"#

>> `nddnbt rlpiusslr piur dn vbl rldbhblusl tiutl aiopriobssbic

nvla als turpbtukls qul sic cio slrvnbt í aiuvrbr# Qnbct Gârûol

s(lc prlck í uc nutrl hlcrl k(jypiarbsbl$ aldub kl als vblrhls

qub vict dn vibx kidlctl$ nppuyâls sur uc erns qub dls siutblct$

tnct lddls sl prâtlcklct âpubsâls pnr dls glöcls# Lddls sl vibdlct

dn `nal$ lddls cl sl dnvlct cb dls pblks cb dls onbcs$ onbs dlur

vlctrl qu(ic cl vibt pns$ kbt snbct Gârûol$ rlhirhl kl ciurrb/turl *5"# ‛ ]dus kbsarêtl lst dn vlrtu kl dn vblrhl vârbtnedl

Nussb dl slud lxlopdl kl alttl vblrhl bcvbtl/t/bd í dn purltâ$ lt

ic rlspbrl nutiur k(lddl ucl ntoispjêrl pdlbcl kl snbctls aictn/

hbics# Lddl lst kiual lcvlrs sls slrvnctls$ qu(lc dls siuolttnct

í sic hlcrl kl vbl lddl n âdlvâls gusqu(í lddl# Dn aiooucnutâ kls

prbêrls$ uc oçol âpiux 7 dl Ajrbst$ lt sic airps kbvbc sncs alssl

pnrtnhâ$ tiut aldn arâl$ oçol lctrl dn `bddl kls Qabpbics lt slslsadnvls$ kl vrnbs rnppirts k(âhndbtâ# ^u(lddl cl sibt pns kupl

piurtnct$ lt qu(lddl âpriuvl nvla sibc kls viantbics kict tld$

kês bab/ens$ kibt çtrl dl prbx *1"#

Ic klvbcl$ nu trnvlrs kl als aicslbds$ dls ans nuxqulds bds

s(nppdbqulct# Al sict kâgí kls aicslbds kl kbrlatbic# Onbs eblc

kls dlttrls kl snbct Gârûol cius `ict tiuajlr ku kibht ucl

natbic pdus kbrlatl lt pdus plrsicclddl# Kncs dls klubds bd vblctrldlvlr dls aiurnhls# N ]nudn$ qub pdlurl nvla lxaês sn `bddl

Edâsbddn$ bd rlprâslctl al qu(n kl pnélc ucl tlddl kiudlur6 bd

âviqul d(bonhl ku Ajrbst vlcnct kbrl í alttl oêrl 7 « én `bddl

c(lst pns oirtl$ lddl vbt *;" ¶6pnridl kict uc bcarâkudl slud plut

siurbrl# >> npplddl dn oirtl lddl/oçol í sic slaiurs$ n`bc

qu(lddl vblccl rnssurlr sur dl eicjlur kict lddl giubt alddl qub

dn pdlurl$ lt sêajl kls dnrols qub lopçajlrnblct qu(uc giur

*>" Qnbct Gâfòol$ Lp#$ ZZBB$ >;$ 5:#

*5" O#$ 5;#

*#1" Bk#$ 52#

*;" 8k#$ ZZZBZ$ y#




lddls cl ùsslct râucbls *d"# Onbs sls rlpriajls sict nttrbstâs# Bd

prlck sn pnrt kl al klubd aictrl d(lxnhârntbic kuquld bd pri/

tlstl# Bd pdlurl dub/oçol *5"# ]lu kl aicsidntbics kl pjbdisipjls

iu kl prçtrls ùrlct í al pibct pdlbcls ku slctbolct aictrl

dlquld lddls sict `nbtls# Onbs plut/çtrl$ quib qu(lc nbt kbt snbct

Gârûol dub/oçol$ aicsidl/t/ic oblux dls kiudlurs qul d(ic

pnrtnhl *1"# \c oit iu klux sludlolct sict loprlbcts kl quldqul

kurltâ 7 « Lc tnct qul rldbhblusl vius c(çtls pdus oêrl *;" ¶ 6 « [rip

kl pbâtâ lcvlrs dls sblcs klvblct ucl bopbâtâ lcvlrs Kblu *<"# ¶

Onbs dl aictlxtl lc nkiuabt dn pirtâl# ]ubs dl klubd prbvâ kict

bd s(nhbssnbt nvnbt prbs dls pripirtbics kuc âvâclolct puedba#

Alttl oirt prâonturâl kl Edâsbddn$ sls ùcârnbddls k(ibb ]nudn

lddl/oçol nvnbt âtâ rnolcâl aiool oirtl$ nvnblct `nbt sanckndl#

Dl plupdl kl Uiol rlpriajnbt nu oibcl k(nvibr tuâ dn `bddl pnr

dls glöcls$ lt kl aic`bsqulr ucl oêrl kict d(n``dbatbic prâslctl

priuvnbt aioeblc lddl âtnbt `nbtl piur dn tlckrlssl *0"# Bd `nddnbt

qul ]nudn lddl/oçol$ pnr sic nttbtukl$ kâolctãt als ruolurs#

Pbcht ncs pdus tnrk$ al ùt dn `bddl kl ]nudn$ alttl Lustiajbl$ í

qub snbct Gârûol nvnbt kâkbâ sic aikl kl dn vbrhbcbtâ$ qu(bd kut

nrrnajlr ku airps kl sn oêrl qu(lddl slrrnbt kncs sls erns lt

nvla qub lddl kloncknbt í çtrl lctlrrâl *8"# Dn vbl rldbhblusl

kncs sls kâeuts c(nvnbt kica pns supprboâ dn vbl kl `nobddl lt

c(nvnbt râussb qu(í lxndtlr als n``latbics `âobcbcls qul dl vlu/

vnhl lt dn vbrhbcbtâ dnbssnblct sncs aicaurrlcal#

Onbs snbct Gârûol c(bctlrvblct pns sludlolct kncs als ciedls

vbls piur rltrncajlr$ nu cio kl al qub lst kö í Kblu$ sur dls

slctbolcts dls pdus cnturlds$ lt aiool piur dbobtlr dn pnrt

*>" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ ZZZBZ$ 0#

*5" Bk#$ 5#

*1" Bk#$ 5#

*;" Bk#$ ;#

*i" Bk#$ <#

*0" Bk#$ <#

*8" Gk#$APBBB$ 52#



QNBC[ GÂUÛOL 7 DL OICNAJBQOL# 121

qu(ucl íol oicnstbqul plut prlckrl kncs dls kiudlurs juonb/cls# K(nutrls ìbs$ nu aictrnbrl$ bd oikêrl kls lxaês kl zêdl# ]nudn$

usâl pnr [íhl$ s(lctçtnbt kncs kls nestbclcals nuxqulddls uc

airps pdus glucl lt pdus rieustl c(löt pns râsbstâ# Nprês ucl

ondnkbl hrnvl$ dls oâklabcs bcsbstlct piur qu(lddl rlvblccl í

d(usnhl ku vbc# Aiool bds cl pluvlct d(y kâabklr$ snbct Gârûol

pirtl d(n``nbrl klvnct dl pnpl$ dub kloncknct nu elsibc kl `nbrl

vndibr sic nutirbtâ# Onbs a(lst ]nudn qub aicvnbca dl pnpl$ lt dl

râsiut prlsqul í rlcicalr piur sic priprl aioptl í alttl

eibssic qu(bd viudnbt dub bopislr# Qnbct Gârûol edåol al zêdl

booikârâ lt iestbcâ$ lt bd rnpplddl$ lc d(nppriuvnct$ alttl

onxbol nrbstitâdbablccl$ qul dn vlrtu lst kncs dn olsurl *>"#

Ondhrâ als pblusls qulrlddls$ als snbctls `lools priaurlct í

snbct Gârûol dn olbddlurl kls râaioplcsls juonbcls 7 dn gibl

kl slctbr `ruatb`blr sic natbic# Nussb âpriuvl/t/bd piur lddls

alttl nkobrntbic qul dls onãtrls ict siuvlct piur dls kbsabpdls$

nutnct qul dls kbsabpdls piur dls onãtrls# Bd nkobrl gusqu(í

als lxaês qul tiut í d(jlurl cius d(nvics vu edåolr# Bd nkobrl

kncs dn oçol ]nudn ucl ajnrbtâ piussâl gusqu(í dn prikbhndbtâ *5"$

lt uc nrt kl hiuvlrclr sic aiuvlct piur dlquld alttl hrnckl

knol c(nvnbt lu elsibc cb kl prâaâklcts$ cb kl dlèics *1"# Bd

lc jicirl ucl nutrl qub âtnbt vluvl$ piur nvibr rlhrlttâ

sn vbrhbcbtâ pdus qul sic onrb *;"$ al qub cius sloedlrnbt

nugiurk(jub dl `nbt kucl âpiusl ìrt oâkbiarl# Als prlobêrls

jâriécls kl dn vbl rldbhblusl d(ict loernssâl nvla uc tld lctjiu/

sbnsol lt ucl tlddl nrklur nu snarb`bal k(lddls/oçols$ qu(í aldub

qub dls y n bcbtbâls bd cl rlstl pdus qu(í dls diulr# Dlur snbctltâ

oçol cubt nu rûdl kl dlur kbrlatlur# Bd dls diul surtiut nprês dlur

oirt$ lt als âdihls ùcêerls klvbcrlct kl olrvlbddlux bcstruolcts

*>" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ APBdd$ 5=#

*5" Bk#$ ><#

*1" Gk#$ >2#

*;" Gk#$ZZZB$ >#



12; DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

ki pripnhnckl# Dls vbls kl ]nudn lt kl Onralddn lurlct prês kls

knols rionbcls dl suaaês qul kncs uc nutrl obdblu nvnbt lu

dn vbl k(Nctibcl# Bd dls diul oçol kl dlur vbvnct$ snu` í kl/

oncklr qu(ic cl oictrl pns sn dlttrl í alddl qub lc lst

[ieglt# cic qu(bd arnbhcl kl d(lcirhulbddbr$ onbs sludlolct kl

dn edlsslr * b"#

Qls slctbolcts í dlur âhnrk vict gusqu(í dn tlckrlssl# Bddlur

kâkbl sls iuvrnhls *5"$ dlur `nbt dn aic`bklcal kl sls trnvnux *1"$

s(lxausl kl dlur âarbrl kls dlttrls trip aiurtls *;"$ lt râadnol$

cic sncs ucl ondbablusl juobdbtâ$ dls râpicsls qub dub sict

kuls *i"# ]iur Edâsbddn lt Lustiajbl surtiut$ als klux glucls

rlaruls$ aiool bd dls npplddl *0"$ bd lopdibl$ qu(bd dlur âarbvl

iu qu(bd pnrdl k(lddls$ kls tlrols kl pntlrclddl nobtbâ *8"# Nvla

Onralddn sic tic lst í dn ìbs loprlbct kl `nobdbnrbtâ lt kl

kâ`ârlcal *:"# Dls rldntbics kl als snbctls `lools lt kl dlur

kbrlatlur cl vict kica pibct sncs ucl alrtnbcl hråal qub lctlopêrl d(nustârbtâ# ûldqul ajisl k(juonbc$ kl `âobcbc$ sl

oçdl í alttl airrlspickncal kict dn sablcal lt dn vbl rldbhblusl

sict d(irkbcnbrl ieglt# Dl kbrlatlur lst klvlcu d(nob$ d(nob qul

d(ic ajibl nvla ucl sirtl kl pbâtâ# Aldn$ ic dl vibt$ ùt kl tius

dls tlops# Qnbct Gârûol rlèibt nbcsb kl pltbts prâslcts$

oiklstls prâslcts$ kbhcls k(uc oibcl 7 uc abdbal$ kls ajnbsls$

kls ajncklddls *2"# Bd dlur nttrbeul piur lc rljnusslr dn vndlur

uc slcs syoeidbqul$ quldqul oystêrl$ kbt/bd nvla lcgiulolct$

klvnct tiugiurs sl anajlr kncs dls natbics kl als vblrhls qub

*>" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ ZZBP$ b#

*5" Bk#$ DZZPBBB#

*1" O#$ ZZZBB#

*;" Bk#

*<" )#)#$ ZB#

*0" Bk#$ ZZZ$ >;#

*8" Bk#$ ZZBB$ 50#

*:")S)#$ ZZZ$ >;#

*2")G#$ ZDBZ6 A`# ZZZB#




ciurrbals lt dls pirtlusls k(lc`nct qub ajlrajlct uc lopdib *B"$

lt$ s(bd dub `nut kl dn aiopnhcbl$ qu(lddl sl aictlctl k(ucl

aiopnhcbl kl sic slxl# ^u(lcairl lddl dn ajibsbssl pnrob dls

vluvls lt dls vblrhls$ lt qu(lddl sl siuvblccl qul d(ic guhl kls

oőurs kls onãtrlssls k(nprês alddls kls slrvnctls *5"# Qnbct

Gârûol `nbt lctlckrl als rloictrncals cic sludlolct nux

vluvls qu(bd aribt$ dls aiccnbssnct$ kbspisâls í dls lctlckrl$ iu

qub$ kl quldqul `nèic$ d(ict nutirbsâ í prlckrl lcvlrs lddls al

rûdl kl kbrlatlur *1"# ]iur dl slrvbal kl Kblu$ bd iuedbl tiutl

aicvlcncal$ cl arnbct pns kl pnsslr piur uc bctrbhnct$ lt piur/

subt kl sls aicslbds$ qu(lddl c(n pibct klonckâs$ ucl bddustrl

vluvl qu(bd cl aiccnãt oçol pibct *;"# Alttl piursubtl kiccl

dn olsurl kl sic zêdl$ lc oçol tlops qul dls lxausls kict bd

d(lctiurl bckbqulct dls dbobtls qul dls oőurs dub bopisnblct#

]iur dls vblrhls bd `nbt oblux# Bd dls prlck kês dl elralnu lt

kbrbhl tiutl dlur âkuantbic vlrs d(âtnt nuquld$ nvla dn aiopdbabtâ

kl dlur oêrl$ bd dls klstbcl# A(lst uc aurblux pjâcioêcl oirnd$

quibqul siuvlct râpâtâ$ qul aldub kl als viantbics bopisâls lt

kls âkuantbics nppriprbâls# Kuoibcs$ í dn kntl iò cius siools$

c(y n/t/bd lc glu qul kls bctârçts pblux# Lt cius nvics kbt nbddlurs

qul d(nrklct siuab ku eblc k(nutrub nvnbt siuvlct âtiu``â kncs

dl ajrbstbncbsol dn citbic ku kribt qul ajnauc n kl kbspislr kl

dub/oçol# KicaDnltn nvnbt viuâ nu Qlbhclur$ nvnct

oçolqu(lddl `öt aicèul$ sn `bddl ]nudn# Nbcsb$ kncs d(ncablccl dib$ ic

i``rnbt í Kblu dls prloblrs/câs# Lt snbct Gârûol bcstbtul dn

pâknhihbl câalssnbrl í d(n``lrobsslolct kl alttl viantbic# ]nudn

slrn âdlvâl nu obdblu kls ]snuols lt kls Anctbquls 6 lddl npprlc/

krn í pnrdlr lc pricicènct dls cios kls npûtrls lt kls pntrbnr/

ajls# Lddl c(lctlckrn rblc kncs sn gluclssl qu(lddl nbt í iuedblr

*>" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ DBP$ i#

*5"X#$ DZZBZ$ 2#

*1" )()#$ DBP$ 0#

*;")k#$ DZZBZ$ B#



QNBC[ GLUIOL 7 DL OICNHJBQOL# 128

pdus tnrk# Ic cl dub plralrn pns dls irlbddls$ ic cl dub riussbrnpns dls ajlvlux nvla dl `lr# Ic cl dub ajnrhlrn dl aiu cb k(ir cb

kl plrdls$ onbs sic jnebt oçol d(bcstrubrn kl dn vbl qu(lddl kibt

olclr# Lddl cl onchlrn pns lc puedba$ oûol pns lc `nobddl$ kl

plur qu(lddl cl `nssl aiccnbssncal nvla kls olts qul pdus tnrk

lddl kâsbrlrnbt6 anr$ s(bdy npdus kl oârbtlívnbcarl dls tlctntbics$

bd lst pdus pruklct kl cl pns dls `nbrl cnãtrl# Lddl cl snurn kica

pns í quib slrvlct uc dutj$ ucl `dötl iu ucl jnrpl# Onbs lddl dbrn

tius dls giurs quldqul eld lckribt kl d(Larbturl$ lt klvrn rlckrl

aioptl kl sls dlaturls# Lddl bhcirlrn dl oickl$ cl onrqulrn kl

prâ`ârlcal í nuaucl kl sls subvnctls$ c(nurn nvla plrsiccl kl

als slarlts qul [ic ajuajitl í d(irlbddl# Lddl sl dêvlrn dn cubt

piur prblr# Lddl `lrn kls iuvrnhls hrissblrs$ `bdlrn lt oncblrn

dl ùslnu# Lddl cl pnrnãtrn$ oçol í d(âhdbsl lt nux tioelnux$

qu(lc aiopnhcbl kl sn oêrl kict lddl slctbrn tiugiurs prâslctl

dn survlbddncal# A(lst ucl diurkl tåajl piur ucl oêrl qu(ucl

pnrlbddl âkuantbic# ûnck ic i``rl sn `bddl nu Qlbhclur$ ic lst

tlcu kl dn hnrklr purl lt ic sl arâl nbcsb pdus kl klvibrs# ûl

sb Dnltn kâslspêrl kl piuvibr dls rlopdbr$ lc aictbcunct kl vbvrl

kncs dl oickl iò sic onrbnhl dn rltblct$ qu(lddl aic`bl sn `bddl

í sn pnrlctl Lustiajbl# A(lst dl aiuvlct qub prâpnrl dl oblux

nu aiuvlct# Dí lddl oêclrn ucl vbl k(nchl$ jnebtnct uc airps

kl ajnbr sncs nvibr pnrt í dn airruptbic kl dn ajnbr$ cl siupèic/

cnct pns dl ond lt ariynct qul tiut dl oickl dub rlssloedl#

Qnbct Gârûol dub/oçol sl `lrn dl pêrl ciurrbablr kl dn pltbtl

]nudn$ tiut vblux qu(bd lst$ lt dn pirtlrn kncs sls erns$ pdus `blr

qul dl prâalptlur k(uc rib# Ajnronct tnedlnu$ plut/çtrl$ onbs

âtrnchl âkuantbic$ n/t/ic `nbt rlonrqulr *>"$ qul alddl kict dls

lxbhlcals neiutbsslct í kâpissâklr dls oêrls ku pdus kiux kls

kribts lc oçol tlops qul ku pdus snarâ kls klvibrs#

]iur çtrl âqubtnedl bd `nut rnppldlr$ pubsqul k(nutrls d(ict

*>" Pibr AiO]NRUÂ$ Jbstibrl kls kiatrbcls kl d(âkuantbic$ ># >$ p# 11<#



12: DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

iuedbl$ qu(bd cl s(nhbt bab qul kl d(âkuantbic k(ucl rldbhblusl#

ûlddls slrnblct$ lc kljirs kl als aickbtbics spâabndls$ dls bkâls kl

snbct Gârûol sur d(âkuantbic kls `lools$ cius cl dl snvics pns$

lt bd lst âvbklct qul al oibcl trnbtlrnbt tiugiurs dl oickl nvla

quldqul kâknbc# Bd lst alplcknct$ kncs alttl dlttrl í Dnltn$ quls/

tbic k nutrl ajisl qul k(nustârbtâs# Qnbct Gârûol$ lc vrnb pâkn/

hihul$ n plcsâ nux oibckrls kâtnbds6 bd n ucl oâtjikl piur

npprlckrl í dbrl qub oûdl d(nouslolct í d(bcstruatbic# Bd n plur$

alt nustêrl$ qul d(âtukl c(nppnrnbssl í d(lc`nct trip rleutnctl#

Bd olt kncs d(âkuantbic pdus kl râaioplcsls lt pdus k(âoudn/

tbic qu(ic cl s(y nttlckrnbt# A(lst uc kls prloblrs tjâirbablcs

lc`bc kl d(lcslbhclolct pnr d(nsplat# Ic kbrnbt uc vrnb onãtrl

k(âaidl$ lt ic cl sl trioplrnbt pns pubsqu(bd dl ùt lc l``lt#

Al onãtrl k(âaidl lst oçol uc juoncbstl# Bd n uc hrnck siuab

kl dn airrlatbic kncs dn pricicabntbic lt kl d(ieslrvncal kls

rêhdls hrnoontbandls$ quibqul als ajisls cl aioptlct pns piurd(âtlrcbtâ# A(lst piurquib bd klonckl piur ]nudn uc prâalptlur

cic sludlolct três/snhl onbs três/bcstrubt# Bd n k(nbddlurs kl

als ìcatbics kl prâalptlur$ lt kl d(âkuantbic lc hâcârnd$ dn pdus

jnutl bkâl# « Ic cl kibt pns$ kbt/bd$ rlhnrklr aiool ens al qub

slrt kl ìcklolct nux hrnckls ajisls 6 ¶ lt cud c(n pnrdâ nvla

pdus kl kâdbantlssl kldí râslrvl qul dn sludl prâslcal k(ucl

glucl `bddl bopisl í alux qub d(lctiurlct# « û(lddl c(lctrlvibl

rblc kncs vitrl aickubtl cb kncs alddl kl sic pêrl qu(lddl cl

pubssl bobtlr sncs pâajlr### \c rblc `nbt pârbr ucl `dlur 6 dls

vbidlttls$ dls dbs$ dls jlrels kls ajnops sict vbtl tlrcbls pnr uc

nbr bopur *>"# ¶ ‛ \cl nutrl dlttrl kl snbct Gârûol$ ibb bd lst

qulstbic kl d(âkuantbic k(ucl nutrl lc`nct$ kl ]nantudl$ âhndl/

olct viuâl nu Qlbhclur kês sic elralnu$ aic`brol dls rlaio/

onckntbics kl dn dlttrl í Dnltn# Onbs snbct Gârûol y bcsbstl pdus

lcairl sur dls râaioplcsls ku prloblr åhl 7 håtlnux$ `dlurs$

*>" Qnbct Glrò#of$ Lp#$ APdt#



QNBC[ GÂUÛOL 7 DL OICNAJBQOL# 122

piupâls lt anrlssls# D(åhl n kiccl í citrl snbct kls bcstbcats klhrnck/pêrl# Jítics/ciuskl kbrl alplcknct qu(í slpt ncs d(âdukl

ku ]snutblr lt nutrls nustârbtâs aioolcalrict piur ]nantudl#

Nbcsb snbct Gârûol n kls aicslbds piur tius dls åhls kl dn

`lool# A(lst uc spâabndbstl kl dn kbrlatbic `âobcbcl# Bd lc n

dn râputntbic$ lt ic vblct í dub aiool lc aicsudtntbic# [iutls

alddls qub sl dbvrlct í d(âtukl kls Dbvrls snbcts snvlct qu(lddls

ict dí uc aicslbddlr nttbtrâ lt dub âarbvlct$ aicculs iu bcaicculs$piur dub siuolttrl dls kb``baudtâs qu(lddls rlcaictrlct *>"# Onbs

a(lst nussb piur kls kb``baudtâs k(irkrl pdus bctbol qu(ic n rlaiurs

í sic bctlrvlctbic# Dls `rêrls sl pdnbhclct í dub kl dlur sőurs$

lt bd rnaaiooikl kl dibc dls `nobddls# Bd y n pdus kl rjâtirbqul

plut/çtrl kncs als aicsudtntbics kiccâls í kbstncal$ lt qunck

d(lxpârblcal plrsicclddl kl ajnqul íol cl dub kbatl pns d(nvbs

nppriprbâ# Onbs quld vbhiurlux tnedlnu kls knchlrs qul dl aic/

tnat ku oickl `nbt aiurbr í dn vblrhl qub s(iestbcl í dl viudibr

suebr. Bd dn rlprâslctl vçtul kl vçtlolcts sioerls kncs ucl

siabâtâ kl `lools onrbâls iu í onrblr$ kl glucls hlcs plbhcâs

lt pioonkâs# Lc vibab uc í d(âdâhnctl oiustnajl qub dub i``rl

dl erns$ qub dub prlssl dls kibhts$ `nbsnct cnãtrl dn tlctntbic piur

dub iu piur lddl# Lddl lst í tnedl6 lddl nssbstl nux enbslrs

âajnchâs$ lddl nkobrl dls tibdlttls qu(lddl cl plut pirtlr# Icd(lxabtl í onchlr kl alrtnbcs olts 6 ic kbsautl aictrl lddl 7

Kblu c(n/t/bd pns `nbt dl vbc piur çtrl eu9 lt sb lddl `nbt quldqul

râsbstncal tiut lc aâknct$ ic sl râarbl sur sn purltâ lt sn snbc/

tltâ# Qnbct Gârûol lst k(nutnct pdus kur qu(bd s(nkrlssl í ucl

bcaiccul lt qul kl dibc dls abraicstncals nttâcunctls s(l``nalct$

Dn dâhêrltâ kl alttl bcaiccul nppldnbt k(nbddlurs ucl vlrtl

sloical *5"#

‛ Qnbct Gârûol sl rlck sb eblc aioptl kl

alttl sirtl kl spâabndbtâ `âobcbcl câl piur dub kls abraicstncals

qu(bd arnbct qu(ic c(y triuvl í rlkbrl lt k(nvncal sl kâ`lck# « Dn

*>" Qnbct Gffûof$ Lp#$ *BZZ#

*5" O#$ axvc#



;== DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

vlrtu c(n pns kl slxl$ kbt/bd$ lt dl Ajrbst$ lc naalptnct dls sibcs

kls snbctls `lools$ lc dnbssnct dls tribs Onrbls lctiurlr sn

aribx$ lc `nbsnct kl Onrbl/Onkldlbcl dl prloblr tâoibc kl sn

râsurrlatbic$ n iuvlrt nux `lools sn rldbhbic *>"# ¶ ûld prâ/

guhâ piurrnbt nddlr aictrl als kbvbcls bctlctbics lt aictrl alux

qub s(lc ìct dls obcbstrls9

9sius piurrbics ngiutlr piur dn kâ`lcsl kl snbct Gârûol$ s(bd

nvnbt elsibc k(çtrl kâ`lcku$ qul dls oibcls ict pnrtnhâ nvla dls

rldbhblusls sn siddbabtukl# >> prçajl dl aiuvlct í d(uc aiool í

d(nutrl slxl# Dn prlobêrl lc kntl kl sls puedbantbics$ alddl

qub iuvrl dl antndihul qu(bd dnbssn dub/oçol kl sls âarbts *5"$ lst

ucl Pbl kl ]nud kl [jêels# Al ùt kncs dn dbttârnturl dntbcl

d(âqubvndlct kl dn Pbl k(Nctibcl kncs dn dbttârnturl hrlaqul#

K(nbddlurs snbct Gârûol rlvlckbqul piur sic lrobtl dn prbirbtâ sur

Nctibcl dub/oçol 6 lt dn rlcaictrl kl als klux ìckntlurs kl dn

vbl nsaâtbqul iaaupl ucl hrnckl pnrtbl ku râabt# Alttl Pbl kl]nud lt alddls qub subvbrlct ùrlct$ piur d(l``lt prikubt sur dls

åols$ aiopnrnedls í als âdihls kl vluvls lt kl vblrhls kict

cius nvics pnrdâ# Als lxlopdls kl vbl rldbhblusl hdirb`bâs pnr dn

pduol nrklctl kl snbct Gârûol `nsabcnblct âhndlolct dl slxl

nuquld bds s(nkrlssnblct$ lt vndnblct oblux qul dls pdus âdiqulc/

tls lxjirtntbics# Nbcsb dls râabts kl hulrrls$ kl viynhls ùrlct

kl tiut tlops kls oiylcs kl suhhlstbic pubssncts# Lc iutrl

als Pbls kls snbcts$ qul snbct Gârûol s(l`ìrèn k(âarbrl kncs uc

stydl pipudnbrl$ lt `bt vidictnbrlolct dâhlcknbrls klvbcrlct$ piur

dl oiylc åhl$ kls oikêdls í bobtlr# Lc aldn lcairl snbct

Gârûol ùt uc bcbtbntlur# Dn Pbl kl Ondajus cius `nbt pnsslr pnr

tiutls dls vbabssbtukls nuxqulddls ùt aicknocâ uc lrobtl kict

dl rlcicalolct c(nvnbt pns âtâ nsslz aiopdlt lt qub nvnbt

âpriuvâ í uc oiolct kiccâ dn cistndhbl kl sls n``latbics lt kl

sls bctârçts# Dn tribsbêolkl als (Pbls kl snbcts lst pdus aicsbkâ/

*>" Qnbct #Gffò#ol$ £p#$ AZZPBd$ Qb#

*5" Qnbct Gârûof$ Kl vbrbs bddbbstrbeus$ >1<#



QNBC[ GÂFi#Oe6 7 DL OICNAJBQOL# ;=>

rnedl qul dls klux nutrls 7 a(lst dn Pbl arJbdnrbic# Dn vbl k \bdn/

rbic klvnbt lxlralr sur snbct Gârûol uc nttrnbt pnrtbaudblr6 anr

a(âtnbt alddl ku ìckntlur ku oicnajbsol kncs alttl ]ndlstbcl

iò dub/oçol lc rlèut$ pubs lc aictbcun dn trnkbtbic# Qnbct

Gârûol pubsl dls âdâolcts kl sic râabt cic sludlolct kncs dls

cnrrntbics irndls$ onbs kncs uc kiauolct âarbt nuquld nvnbt

kâgí kiccâ dblu alttl vbl lxtrnirkbcnbrl *>"# Bdbdnrbic lst alplc/

knct piur snbct Gârûol prlsqul uc aictlopirnbc 6 bd cl oiurutqu(lc 18> 6 onbs dls dâhlckls sl ìronblct vbtl kncs als tlops

lt kncs als obdblux kl pbâtâ lxndtâl#

Bdbdnrbic âtnbt câ kl pnrlcts pnélcs 6 « al ùt ucl risl qub

`dlurbt pnrob kls eubssics ¶# Dn rlciooâl k(Nctibcl$ pubs dl

sâgiur qu(bd `bt prês kl dub kâabkêrlct sn viantbic$ lt$ pdus tnrk$

bd rltiurcn `nbrl uc pblux pêdlrbcnhl nux dblux iò vâaut lt

oiurut al onbtrl qu(bd s(âtnbt ajibsb# SCius rltriuvics nbcsb

d(bc`dulcal lt dn prâslcal k(Nctibcl kncs als prlobêrls dâhlckls

nuxqulddls dn sblccl slrt kl typl# Qb sn vbl ùt uc oikêdl siu/

vlct bobtâ$ sn ebihrnpjbl nussb lc ùt uc# Aiool Nctibcl$

Bdbdnrbic pnssl pnr tiutls dls tlctntbics lt tiutls dls jndduabcn/

tbics# Qls prlobêrls nccâls kl viantbic sict uc dich l`ìrt

piur nrrbvlr í glöclr tiugiurs knvnctnhl$ lt í kbobculr kl pdus

lc pdus lc dub dn pnrt kl d(çtrl pjysbqul# « Gl `lrnb lc sirtl$

ncbond$ kbsnbt/bd í sic airps$ qul tu cl rlhboels pns# Gl cl tl

ciurrbrnb pns k(irhl$ onbs kl pnbddl# Gl t(âpubslrnb kl `nbo lt kl

sib`$ gl tl ajnrhlrnb kls pdus diurks `nrklnux# Gl tl prioêclrnb

sb eblc í trnvlrs dls nrklurs ku sidlbd lt dl `ribk qul tu sichls

pdutût í tl rlpnãtrl k(ndbublcts qul kl duxurl# ¶ Bd cl sl aiupnbt

dls ajlvlux qu(ucl ìbs d(nc$ dl giur kl ]åquls$ lt kbsnbt qul dls

rlajlrajls kl dn priprltâ âtnblct suplr`duls sius dl abdbal#

D(bonhbcntbic pipudnbrl âtnbt tlddlolct `rnppâl pnr d(nsplat kl

tlds jiools$ lt pnr al qu(ic rnaictnbt k(lux$ qul dls obrnadls

*>" \cl dlttrl kl d(âvçqul Âpbpjncl$

\cbvlrsbtâ kl Dyix# ‛ PddB# N# 50



;=5 DLQ AIC[LO]I\Nd#CQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

cnbssnblct QI\Q dlurs pns# Bdbdnbbic huârbtdls `lools kl dn stl(rb/

dbtâ$ `nbt vibr dls nvluhdls lt onrajlr dls pnrndytbquls# Bd ajnssl

dls kâoics$ cic sludlolct tdu airps kls jiools$ onbs ku airps

kls ncbonux qu(bd kioptl pnr sic slud rlhnrk# Nutiur kddbdn/

rbic k(bccioernedls aiuvlcts sl ìcklct# Bd klvblct dl alctrl lt

@íol kl tiudl ucl pipudntbic kl oibcls# Bd sloedlhnrklr k(neirk

sur lux uc kribt kl kbrlatbic lt k(bcsplatbic# Onbs alttl vbl

prlsqul i``bablddl dub pêsl# A(lst dl oickl qub lst vlcu dl

rldriuvlrkncs sic kâslrt# >> ùbt kl ciuvlnu klvnct dub# Bd viu/

krnbt triuvlr ucl rltrnbtl iò oiurbr bcaiccu# Onbs dls obrn/

adls qu(bd naaiopdbt sncs dl viudibr dl kâcicalct$ lt bd lst tiu/

giurs aicknocâ íkl ciuvlnux lxikls# Kncs d(ãdl kl Ajyprl$ ibbbd

neirkl icò$ trip jlurlux kl dl pissâklr dls jnebtncts vlbddlct

sur dub kl plur qu(bd cl s(âajnppl$ lt a(lst dí qul dn oirt$ pdus

sörlolct qul dlur survlbddncal$ vbct olttrl uc tlrol í sic

juolur viynhlusl#Qnbct Gârûol cl sl eircl pns í dn pripnhnckl bckbrlatl$ lt

k(nbddlurs sb l``banal$ qub rlssirtnbt piur dn vbl oicnstbqul kl als

`ncntbquls râabts# Bd bctlrvlcnbt pnrìbs k(ucl `nèic pdus plr/

sicclddl lt pdus prlssnctl# Bd snbsbssnbt dls iaansbics$ lt ucl dlttrl

kl aicsidntbic$ nprês dls aickidâncals iedbhâls$ sl ajnchlnbt nbcsb

lc uc nppld vlrs dl aiuvlct$ nsbdl kl tius dls klubds lt piur dl/

quld bds cius oörbsslct *b"# [iutlìbs kl pnrlbddls dlttrls sict

rnrls qub nblct uc jiool piur klstbcntnbrl# Dn pdupnrt kl alddls

qul cius nddics abtlr c(ict kl dlttrls qul dn ìrol# Lddls s(n/

krlsslct nu puedba# Al c(lc lst pns oibcs nvla tiut sic aőur

qu(bd s(l`ìral kl aicvnbcarl Bdâdbikirl$ lt bd oiubddl sn dlttrl kl

sls dnrols# Onbs al aőur `bkêdl í d(nobtbâ lst bopbtiynedl í

tiutls dls nutrls n``latbics juonbcls# \cl `nut pns çtrl ajrâtblc

í klob# >> cl `nut pns d(çtrl nvla olsurl lt tbobkbtâ *5"# Aiool

[lrtuddblc$ snbct Gârûol vibt ucl bkidåtrbl vârbtnedl kncs dn sur/

*>" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ AZPBdb#

{5"G*b#$ZdP$ <#



QNBC[ GÂUÛOL 7 DL OICNAJBQOL# ;=1

vbvncal kl alrtnbcs hiöts lt kl alrtnbcls pnssbics *>"# Bd bcsbstl

sur k(nutrls snarb`bals í naaiopdbr lt c(n hnrkl k(lc nkiuabr d(n/

olrtuol# >> vlut qul dl ajrâtblc snajl çtrl aruld *5"# >> râsbstlrn

kica í dn kiudlur kls sblcs# Lc vnbc sn oêrl$ dls ajlvlux âpnrs

lt dls vçtlolcts kâajbrâs$ dub dnbsslrn/t/lddl vibr dls onolddls

qub d(ict ciurrb# Bd onrajlrn *cius nvics kâgí abtâ alttl

pjrnsl lxtrnirkbcnbrl âajnppâl í dn pnssbic kl snbct Gârûol"$

bd onrajlrn scr dl airps kl sic pêrl$ dls ylux slas$ nddnct kribt

í sic eut# Bd kâtnajlrn kl sic aiu dls erns k(uc pltbt clvlu qub

s(y susplck$ lt rlpiusslrn d(âtrlbctl kl sn sőur# Lc vnbc kls

slrvbtlurs nvla dlsqulds bd n hrnckb dub rlpriajlrict/bds sic

nenckic# Lc vnbc alux qub ict sibhcâ sic lc`ncal$ ucl vblbddl

hiuvlrcnctl$ uc pêrl ciurrbablr dl suppdblrict/bds k(nttlckrl

nu oibcs dlur oirt piur dlur rlckrl dls klrcblrs klvibrs *1"# Kncs

ucl nutrl dlttrl$ snbct Gârûolâviqul dls knchlrs qul `nbt aiurbr í

dn ajnstltâ dn prâslcal kncs dn onbsic pntlrclddl kl slrvnctls

trip loprlssâls í pdnbrl lt í ieâbr *;"$ lt dls cubts triuedâls pnr

dls bonhls tlctntrbals qul dlur vul n dnbssâls *<"# ]ubs aioolct

glöclr lc prâslcal k(ucl oêrl qub cius i``rl kls olts kâdbants

lt qul cis rl`us nttrbstlct *0"9 ‛ Onbs al c(lst pns sludlolct

sn `nobddl qu(bd `nut qubttlr$ a(lst nussb sn pntrbl# Lc vnbc kbrlz/

vius qul vius c(y rlajlrajlz pns d(npprientbic kl d(ipbcbic# Pius

rlcaictrlrlz #ndirs sn kâsnpprientbic# Lddl sl oncb`lstlrn pnr

kls bcgurls qub triuedlrict vitrl åol6 lt al triuedl$ quib qul

vius `nssblz$ ûtlrn quldqul ajisl í vitrl zêdl$ lt bd su``bt kl al

quldqul ajisl lc oibcs piur qul vius cl `nssblz pdus tiut al

qul vius piuvlz$ tiut al qul vius klvlz# Dn plr`latbic cl

*>" Qnbct Gfròol$ Lp#$ ZBP$ <#

*5" Bk#$ ZbP$ 5#

d1" Bk#$ ZBP$ 5$ 1#

*;" )#)#$ HZZP$ 8#

*<g Bk#$ >>#

*0" X#$ >>#



;=; DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

siu``rl pibct kl kbobcutbic *>"# Bd `nut kica tiut qubttlr# Nbcsbict `nbt dls npûtrls piur subvrl dl Ajrbst# D(noiur kl Kblu

kâtnajl kl tiut nutrl dblc#

Dls nrhuolcts bcviquâs pnr snbct Gârûol priaêklct alplc/

knct kl dn arnbctl pdus qul kl rnoibbr# « G(nb eblc dl dibsbr kl

plcslr nux dnrols kl on oêrl qunck d(lcclob lst dí$ dl hdnbvl

í dn onbc$ piur ol `nbrl pârbr *5"# ¶ Dl snarb`bal qul râadnol

snbct Gârûol aicsbstl kica surtiut í snarb`blr nutrub# Dl

ajrâtblc qub [âaiutlrn cl slrn pns sludlolct aruld$ onbs aycb/

qul kncs dn rlajlrajl lxadusbvl ki sls bctârçts spbrbtulds# Hiool

Dnatncal$ citrl snbct sloedl iuedblr bab qul d(ic `nbt ond sic

sndut í `iral k(y plcslr tnct# Bd lst iesâkâ pnr d(bkâl kl râaio/

plcsl lt kl ajåtbolct# Bd npplddl ki sls vőux dl Guhlolct klrcblr#

Al slrn dl giur kl rlvncajl piur dl oibcl qub c(n pns viudu

kls eblcs kl al oickl 6 lt bd dl rlprâslctl rbnct kncs sic trbiopjl$

al qub c(lst huêrl ajnrbtnedl$ tnckbs qul dls ribs trloedlct$

tnckbs qul ]dntic lt Nrbstitl$ qul d(ic cl s(nttlcknbthuêrl í rlc/

aictrlr bab$ ict dn obcl kâaic`btl nvla tius dlurs nrhuolcts qub cl

dlur slrvlct pdus kl rblc *1"# Aioeblc tius als npplds í dn plur

cius håtlct dn rldbhbic kl snbct Gârûol$ aioeblc nussb alttl gibl

oâajnctl qu(bd prçtl í sls âdus. A(lst dl ajrbstbncbsol `nriuajl

kl [lrtuddblc qub rlpnrnãt bab#

Bd sloedl râsudtlr kl al qub prâaêkl qu(bd `nut çtrl oibcl piurçtrl snuvâ# Lc kljirs ku kâslrt pns kl sndut# Alux qub jnebtlct

dls vbddls *;" lt$ pnrob alux/dí$ cic sludlolct dls dnéquls$ onbs

dls prçtrls$ cl sict/bds pdus kls ajrâtblcs9 Ic bctlrprâtn lc al

slcs$ nvla quldqul plr`bkbl$ dn plcsâl kl snbct Gârûol$ onbs bd

`nut nviulr qu(í alttl plr`bkbl bd nvnbt kiccâ prbsl$ lt qul$ oçol

kncs aldtl dlttrl íJâdbikirl qul cius vlcics k(ncndyslr$ quldquls

`b" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ ZBP$ 8#

*5" Bk#$ 1#

*1" Gk#$ZbP$ >>#

*;" ^ubauoqul bc abvbtntl suct ajrbsdbncb cic sccd9 Bk#$ ZBP$ 0#



QNBC[ GÂUÛOL 7 DL OICNAcbQOL# ;=<

pnridls kl aiurtibsbl í d(âhnrk kls prçtrls sâaudblrs kbssboudlct

onddl plu kl ans qu(bd `nbsnbt kl als viantbics nu rnenbs# K(nutrls

âarbts sur dl oçol tjêol rlcajârbssnblct lcairl# Dn qulrlddl kls

râhudblrs lt kls sâaudblrs aioolcal kica nvla d(lxbstlcal oçol

kls râhudblrs# Qnbct Gârûol nvnbt lc iutrl aictrl dub tius dls

dnéquls$ tius dls hlcs onrbâs *>"# Kncs alttl pidâobqul$ bd lut

piur nkvlrsnbrl aldub qu(bd npplddl d(Âpbaurl kl dn dib ciuvlddl$

Givbcblc$ Bd s(nhbssnbt piur dub kl sl kbsaudplr k(ucl vârbtnedl

jârâsbl *5"# Anr cius snvics qul d(irtjikixbl s(âtnbt kâgí

rlùsâl í sncatbicclr dls lxnhârntbics nutirbtnbrls kl alrtnbcs

hcistbquls$ lt qu(lddl n tiugiurs viudu dnbsslr `naudtntbvls

alrtnbcls nestbclcals# Ic aioprlck tiutlìbs qul kls åols nr/

klctls nblct kl tiut tlops kâpnssâ alttl snhl olsurl$ lt nkobs

nvla plbcl qu(lctrl klux klvibrs ajibsbr dl oibckrl sibt lcairl

`nbrl sic klvibr# Qnbct Gârûol$ nppldâ í prâabslr sn plcsâl$ kbs/

tbchul kls klhrâs kncs dl eblc iu$ tiut nu oibcs$ bd nkolt qu(bd

lxbstl ucl aickubtl qub c(lst cb eiccl cb onuvnbsl$ í aûtâkl alddl

qub lst `rncajlolct eiccl *1"# >> s(nutirbsl kl snbct Noeribsl *;"$

qub nvnbt râsidu kl dn oçol `nèic dl oçol priedêol# ûl sb sn

pnridl lst nddâl pdus dibc qul sn plcsâl kncs alrtnbcs âarbts$ bd

dub lst nrrbvâ al qub nrrbvl í tius alux qub kbsautlct$ lt í al

pripis bd bcviqul d(lxlopdl cic sludlolct k(Irbhêcl lt k(Lu/

sêel$ onbs kl Abaâric$ kl Kâoistjêcl$ kl ]dntic$ kl [jâipjrnstl

lt k(Nrbstitl *i"# Bd n d(nbr kl kbrl í sls nkvlrsnbrls 7 Pius çtls

kls bhcirncts qub c(lctlcklz rblc nux trnkbtbics kl dn rjâtirbqul

lt kl d(ârbstbqul$ lt sl triuvl nbcsb nolcâ í sl vnctlr k(y lc/

tlckrl quldqul ajisl piur sic priprl aioptl# Bd lst sbchudblr

kl vibr dls trnkbtbics kl dn rjâtirbqul oçdâls í alttl n``nbrl#

*>" [uolnct aictrn bc onrbdb# Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ ZDPBBd$ Be#

*5" Bk#$ 5#

*1" Bk#$/>#

*;" Bk#$ >;#

*e" X#$ >1#



;=0 DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

N vrnb kbrl piurtnct$ al cl sict pns sludlolct dls priaâkâs kl

kbsaussbic qub sict bab rlciuvldâs kls Hrlas$ onbs dn qulstbic

oçol qul Bic kbsautl# Lc kljirs kl dn snhlssl y n/t/bd quldqul

vlrtu9 sl kloncknblct kâgí dls stiéablcs# Ulopdnalz dl oit kl

snhlssl pnr aldub kl vbl oicnstbqul$ lt vius nurlz ucl ciuvlddl

`irol ku oçol priedêol# Qiuvlct oçol bd c(y nurn rblc í rlo/

pdnalr ku tiut 6 anr uc slud oit$ aldub kl plr`latbic$ kâsbhcl dls

prâtlctbics iu ku oibcs dls nspbrntbics aiooucls ku snhl nc/

tbqul lt ku oibcl ajrâtblc *>"#

Kica$ snbct Gârûol cl `nbt pns kl dn vbl rldbhblusl ucl iedb/

hntbic strbatl6 onbs d(bkând oicnstbqul$ qu(bd n sncs alssl prâslct

í d(lsprbt$ dub slrt í trnalr dls klvibrs kl alux qub cl sict qul

prçtrls$ lt kl alt bkând klsalcklct sur lux kls sâvârbtâs pdus

hrnckls# Lc `nbt$ dn vlrtu ku adlrhâ sâaudblr `ut rldlvâl pnr d(bkâl

k(ucl vlrtu qub dub âtnbt supârblurl$ lt pnr dn aicstnctl olcnal

k(ucl aiopnrnbsic# Cius nvics kâgí vu í qulddl jnutlur dls

dlttrls kl snbctNoeribsl í Brâcâl pdnènblct dls klvibrs ku prçtrl#

Dl prçtrl sldic snbct Gârûol vbt kncs dl oickl$ onbs aiool

s(bd c(lc âtnbt pibct# Bd y vbt surtiut dibc ku slxl qub n `nbt plrkrl

dl pnrnkbs í sic prloblr jnebtnct *5"# Qnbct Gârûol n dl siuvlcbr

tiugiurs aubsnct kl sls priprls tlctntbics$ lt d(bctlopârncal kls

bonhls slcsulddls qu(bd âviqul lst tiut prês kl sanckndbslr dl

dlatlur oiklrcl$ jnebtuâ í lctlckrl prçajlr pdus ajnstlolct

dn ajnstltâ# Onbs cius snvics k(nbddlurs qul dl dntbc$ oçol aldub

kls ]êrls kl d(Lhdbsl$ lst ucl dnchul sncs puklur lt qul a(lst

dl pdus jiccçtlolct ku oickl qu(bd ernvl tiutl jiccçtltâ# Dl

prçtrl cl dnbsslrn qu(lxalptbicclddlolct ucl `lool `rncajbr dl

slubd kl sn rltrnbtl# Dub/oçol c(lctrlrn gnonbs slud ajlz ucl

vluvl iu ajlz ucl vblrhl$ y `öt/bd nppldâ pnr sic obcbstêrl#

Q(bd lst ondnkl$ bd cl rlalvrn$ í kâ`nut kls sibcs k(ucl oêrl iu

k(ucl sőur$ qul dls sibcs k(ucl `lool åhâl 6 anr bd lc lst qub

*>" Q#vbC[ Gârûol$ Lp#$ vibr surtiut ZBPS$ 0#

*5" Bk#$ D\$ (0#



QNBC[ GÂUÛOL 7 DL OICNA`dBQOL# ;=8

c(ict pns subvb alttl rêhdl$ kict d(åol lst klvlcul ondnkl í

olsurl qul dlur airps sl hul(rbs«nbt# Bd cl sl oçdlrn pns kl

onrblr dls nutrls$ dub qub kibt çtrl [npûtrl kl dn Rbrhbcbtâ*d"#

Qn dnchul slrn ajnstl aiool sls ylux# Bd cl pnrdlrngnonbs kl

dn elnutâ k(ucl `lool# Bd cl aioolttrn pibct kl oâkbsncals

lt c(lc âaiutlrn pns# Gnonbs pnr dub ucl onbsic cl snurn al

qub sl pnssl kncs ucl nutrl *5"# Bd dubrn al qul cius nppldics

dls hrncks kãclrs *1"# Qn pdnal lst nuprês kls trbstlssls$ lt cicnu obdblu kl alux qub sl râgiubsslct *;"# Dl prçtrl qub siuvlct

bcvbtâ naalptl nussb siuvlct sl `nbt oâprbslr# Onbs surtiut bd

cl rlckrn pns `lstbc piur `lstbc# Bd lst jictlux qul d(ic kãcl

ajlz dls prçtrls k(uc Kblu pnuvrl lt snarb`bâ oblux qul kncs uc

pndnbs# Q(bd trnbtl dls pubssncts kl dn tlrrl nò k(lc ietlcbr kn/

vnctnhl piur sls `bkêdls$ bd ietblckrnbt eblc pdus pnr dl splatnadl

kl sn tlopârncal lt kl sn snbctltâ *<"#

Als rlaioonckntbics cl dnbsslct pns k(nbddlurs qul kl cius

bcstrubrl sur dls oőurs ku jnut adlrhâ nu bv% sbêadl# Dn subtl

cl slrn pns oibcs bcstruatbvl$ onbs a(lst k(ucl nutrl adnssl kl

prçtrls qu(bd vn s(nhbr# ûl gnonbs dl snbct obcbstêrl cl klvblccl

uc oâtblr$ uc oâtblr qub rnppirtl# @uylz aiool dn plstl dl

prçtrl qub s(lcrbajbt# Elnuaiup naalptlct kls prâslcts *0"6

k(nutrls$ snbct Gârûol n jictl kl d(nviulr$ anptlct kls jârbtnhls#

Kncs alttl bctlctbic bds sl ìct hnrkl/ondnkls$ rlopdbsslct dls

i``bals dls pdus juoedls$ qul snbct Gârûol kâarbt nvla ucl

sntbrbqul prâabsbic$ lt sl kicclct nsslz kl ond piur hnhclr

dl Abld s(bds c(nvnblct pdnaâ bab/ens dlurs lspârncals *8"#

‛ Qb dn oirndbtâ ku adlb(hâ ùt rldlvâl pnr d(lxlopdl kl dn

*>" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ D\$ >=#

{5"X#$ >;$ ><#

*1" Bk#$ >>#

*;" >;#

*<" Bk#

*0"X#$ <#

*8" Bk#$ 0#



;=: DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

vbl oicnstbqul$ ic vibt *gu(lddl nvnbt quldqul elsibc kl d(çtrl#

Dl vrnb prçtrl$ kbt snbct Gârûol$ olt sn aickubtl k(naairk

nvla sls pnridls lt cl s(lxpisl pns$ dirs*Vu(bd pnrdl í d(ihdbsl$ í al

qul quldqu(uc dub râpickl tiut ens 7 ]iurquib cl `nbs/tu pns

tib/oçol al qul tu kbs kl `nbrl9 Qn tlcul lst âhndlolct âdibhcâl

kl [âdâhncal lt kl dn ondpriprltâ. Qls slroics sict sncs

prâtlctbic$ onbs tiut pdlbcs kls Larbturls# Bd cl kibt pns priviqulr

d(nkobrntbic$ onbs dl rloirks lt dls dnrols# Dn oçol sbopdbabtâ

aicvblct í dn onbsic kl Kblu# Dl duxl k(ucl âhdbsl lst ucl

onuvnbsl `nèic k(jicirlr aldub qub jicirn dn pnuvrltâ# A(lst

uc rlstl kl guknésol$ ucl bcaicsâqulcal kncs ucl siabâtâ

ajrâtblccl *>"# Dl prçtrl glöclrn sncs olttrl kl suplrstbtbic cb

kl suetbdbtâ kncs sls glöcls# ûldquls ucs$ lc l``lt$ ajlrajnblct

dn kb``baudtâ$ sl rltrncajnct dl pnbc lt d(lnu pnr lxlopdl$ lt cl

viudnct pns glöclr aiool tiut dl oickl# >> nrrbvnbt oçol qul$

sius prâtlxtl kl glöcl$ ic cl sl plroãt qul dls olts dls pduskâdbants# Qnbct Gârûol `dnhlddl dn sittbsl kls ucs lt d(jypiarbsbl

kls nutrls *5"# Dl prçtrl lc`bc cl ajlrajlrn pns í pdnbrl nux

jiools *1"$ onbs slrn siuobs í sic âvçqul qu(bd aicsbkêrl

aiool dl pêrl kl sic åol *;"# Bd slrn siuobs sncs arnbctl lt

sncs pdntbtukl$ lt snbct Gârûol pritlstl aictrl alrtnbcls onrquls

k(uc rlsplat slrvbdl qub cl ìct pns pdus k(jicclur í aldub qub

dls lxbhl qu(í aldub qub dls tâoibhcl {S"# ‛ ûlddl sntbrl$ piur/

rbics/cius rlonrqulr lcairl bab$ rlssirt kl tius als aicslbds >

Kncs d(lsprbt kl snbct Gârûol$ bds s(nkrlssnblct nux oibcls lt

nux prçtrls$ onbs surtiut nux prçtrls *0"# Lc vibab qub cl sict

qul piur dls oibcls# Q(bd y n kl onuvnbs prçtrls$ bd y n kl `nux

oibcls# Bd lc lst qub cl sict oibcls qul kl cio$ qub c(ict

*>" Bk#$ Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ D\$ >=#

*5"8k#$ >5#

*1" Bk#$ >1#

*;" Bk#$ 8#

*<" Bk#$ 8#

*0" Bk#$ ;#



QNBC[ GÂUÛOL 7 DL OICNAJBQOL# ;=2

rlcicaâ í nuauc duxl lt qub$ nu obdblu k(ucl nroâl kl vndlts 9

islct s(nppldlr sidbtnbrls# Alux/ab cl pluvlct trnvlrslr ucl pdnal

puedbqul sncs sl `nbrl rlonrqulr pnr dlurs `nèics$ alux/dí sl

ariblct kls snbcts pnral qu(bds arbtbqulct tiut dl oickl# K(nutrls

lc`bc$ pnr d(juobkbtâ kl dlur alddudl$ pnr kls glöcls booikârâs$

pnr d(lccub kl dn sidbtukl$ pnr d(lxaês kl dlaturl$ ict âtâ rlckus

jypiaickrbnquls$ lt dlur ans cl rldêvl pdus qul k(BBbppiarntl *>"#

Al c(lst pns piur alux/dí *|u(aarbt snbct Gârûol$ onbs piur

alux qub ict aicsablcal kl dn tåajl lctrlprbsl pnr lux lt qub

dlur rnppirtlrn nutnct kl jictl s(bds âajiulct qul kl hdibrl s(bds

râussbsslct *5"# Dls oibcls vârbtnedls cl sl kbstbchulct pns kls

prçtrls pnr dlurs glöcls# N trip glöclr ic cl hnhcl rblc# Anr uc

glöcl lxalssb` priviqul uc lxaês k(nppâtbt$ k(iò `ntndlolct$

í uc oiolct kiccâ$ uc lxaês kl ciurrbturl$ lt tiutls dls pns/

sbics kl dn ajnbr kl rlcnãtrl# A(lst uc alradl vbablux *1"# Alttl

sablcal ku glöcl priuvl ku oibcs qulddls lxpârblcals nvnblct

âtâ `nbtls# Onbs dl oibcl pirtl kls vçtlolcts `rncajlolct obsâ/

rnedls$ a(lst sn dbvrâl# A(lst dl oâprbs ku sbêadl qu(bd n``bajl

nbcsb *;"# Dn sidbtukl slrt lcairl oblux í dl kbstbchulr# Qnbct

Gârûol pnrdl nvla noiur kl dn sidbtukl iò bd triuvl dl pnrnkbs$

tnckbs qul dls vbddls sict piur dub kls prbsics A(lst dl kâslrt qub

n `iroâ Oiésl# Dí lst d(âaidl vârbtnedl$ cic sludlolct piur dls

oibcls$ onbs piur dls prçtrls *<"#

Kl dn sidbtukl piurtnct bd `nut sl kâ`blr# Kncs dn sidbtukl cnãt

d(irhulbd$ lt piur plu qu(ic nbt glucl$ lt qu(ic sibt rlstâ quldqul

tlops sncs vibr vbsnhl juonbc$ ic sl aribt ku oârbtl# ]nbs ic

c(ieâbt qu(í sib/oçol# Ic onchl al qul d(ic vlut# Ic kirt tnct

qu(ic vlut# Ic c(n plrsiccl í rlsplatlr *0"# Aioeblc pdus snbcl

*>" Qnbct Gfrûol$ Lp#$ AZZP$ >0$ >:#

*5"8k#$ >#

*1" Bk#$ 8#

*;"G4b#$ 8#

*<" O#$ :#

*0" Bk#$ 2#



;>= DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

lst dn vbl lc aioouc$dn

kbsabpdbcl ku aiuvlct.

Dí iclst râvlbddâ

nvnct qul dl sioolbd vius qubttl kl dub/oçol$ lt d(ic lst ìraâ

kl onrajlr ndirs qul d(ic tioel kl dntbhua# Pçtlolcts$ ciurrb/

turl$ trnvnbd$ tiut lst râhdâ# [iut ieâbt í aldub qul snbct Gârûol

npplddl k(ucl elddl lxprlssbic cic dl ajl`$ onbs dl pêrl ku

oicnstêrl# A(lst qu(nuauc nrt lc ltãlt cl s(npprlck sncs onãtrl6

oçol dls eçtls subvlct aldub qub dls aickubt lddls nelbddls ict

kls rlbcls# Dls aiuvlcts cl slrict kica pns kls râpuedbquls6

onbs í d(nutirbtâ kl ìrol pntlrclddl qub y lst âtnedbl râpickrict$

ajlz alux qub ieâbsslct$ kls slctbolcts `bdbnux `nbts kl arnbctl

lt k(n``latbic *>"# Nvla d(ieâbssncal$ dl trnvnbd lst piur dl oibcl

dn olbddlurl kâ`lcsl# Bd snurn su``brl dub/oçol í sls elsibcs#

[iutlìbs bd trnvnbddlrn « oibcs piur dls elsibcs ku airps qul

piur dl sndut kl d(åol ¶# Dl kbnedl kibt tiugiurs dl triuvlr

iaaupâ$ lt$ qulddl qul sibt sn plr`latbic$ bd lst bopissbedl í uc

jiool kl aictlopdlr sncs alssl dls ajisls kbvbcls# Bd lst kls

iaaupntbics qub aicvblcclct í uc oibcl# Bd `lrn kls pncblrs kl

gica$ bd snradlrn dls ajnops$ trnalrn kls pdntls/enckls$ pdnc/

tlrn kls dâhuols# Dl gnrkbcnhl lc uc oit lst ucl elsihcl kl

oibcl# Aipblr lc lst ucl nutrl 6 lt cius snvics qul dls oibcls

sl `brlct lc l``lt aipbstls lt gnrkbcblrs$ subvnct sur als klux

pibcts$ aiool sur k(nutrls$ dls bcstruatbics kl snbct Gârûol#

Ic cl plut dbrl sncs âoitbic kls pnhlsqub klvbcrlct dn rêhdl kl

tnct kl vbls$ lt ic plcsl í als bccioernedls oncusarbts aipbâs

pnr kls onbcs pblusls$ iu í als gnrkbclts sb trbstls nttlcnct í

ajnqul alddudl kl dn Hrnckl Ajnrtrlusl$ tiugiurs eçajâs lt tiu/

giurs stârbdls$ syoeidls kl d(iedbhntbic ku trnvnbd lt kl sn vncbtâ#

Cius nvics âtukbâ kncs snbct Gârûol dl prbcabpnd rlprâ/

slctnct kl dn oirndl oicnstbqul piur d(Iaabklct$ lt a(lst í al

tbtrl qul cius ippisics sn oirndl í alddl kl snbct Noeribsl qub

lst$ sb ic plut kbrl$ oibcs spâabndl$ oibcs âsitârbqul# Dl oiylc

*>" Qnbct Gârûol$ Lp#$ AZZP$ ><#



QNBC[ GÂUÛOL 7 DL OICNHJBQOL# ;>>

åhl nvu lc snbct Gârûol al qul cius y viyics 6 anr$ cic aictlct

kls âarbts qul cius nvics ncndysls$ bd n lxtrnbt kl sls őuvrls

tiut uc rêhdlolct kl vbl oicnstbqul qu(bd obt sius sic cio$

N vrnb kbrl oçol$ bd lc n lxtrnbt klux 7 uc piur dls jiools$

uc piur dls `lools# dTBnbs aldub/ab lst kl oibckrl vndlur# Kncs

als rêhdlolcts dn plcsâl kl snbct Gârûol lst nussb `bkêdl/

olct rlprikubtl qul pissbedl# Qls pjrnsls oçol sict kâaiu/

pâls lt rlpdnaâls sldic uc pdnc qub slud lst ciuvlnu# Al sict

sls dlttrls obsls lc ajnpbtrls6 lt a(lst uc bckbal sârblux qul

aldn nbt pu çtrl `nbt lt qu(ucl plcsâl vblbddl kl pdusblurs sbêadls

c(nbt pns pnru vblbddbl í alux qub dn rââkbtêrlct6 anr bds c(y

ajlrajlct pns ucl aurbisbtâ dbttârnbrl$ onbs ucl rêhdl tiugiurs

vbvnctl# Bd y n plu kl ans kncs d(jbstibrl k(ucl `bkâdbtâ nux trn/

kbtbics aiool alddl kict dls aiuvlcts kiccêrlct d(lxlopdl6

anr dls râìrols c(y ùrlct dl pdus siuvlct qul kls rltiurs nu

pnssâ# Onbs bd y n nussb plu kl pârbikls jbstirbquls iò dn oirndl

tiut lctbêrl ùt nussb boounedl qu(í pnrtbr ku bv% sbêadl# A(lst

plcknct al sbêadl$ lc l``lt$ qul dls âdâolcts kbvlrs qub klvnblct

aicaiurbr í ìrolr dn oirndl ajrâtblccl sl sict aioebcâs lt ict

nrrçtâ dls pripirtbics kâdbcbdbvls kl ajnauc k(lux# Lt a(lst

gustlolct alttl aioebcnbsic kict al dbvrl cius n `nbts dls tâoibcs#

Kbsics tiutlìbs qul dn oirndl oicnstbqul c(n pns kbt sic

klrcblr oit$ sb dls hrnckls dbhcls lc sict kês onbctlcnct trnaâls#

Bd dubrlstlí rn``bclr lt í arâlr alttl dbttârnturl kl dn vbl bctârblurl

kict PBobtntbic slrn dl ajl`/k(őuvrl# ]dus prês kl snbct Gârûol$

dls âarbts kl Anssblc cius bckbqulct kncs qulddl vibl vn s(lchnhlr

dn rlajlrajl oirndl$ lt kâkubslct aiool alrtnbcls aicsâqulcals

kl dn prâkbantbic í dnqulddl cius vlcics k(nssbstlr# Dls Bcstb/

tutbics kls adiãtrls ìrolct uc trnbtâ lc kiuzl dbvrls# Dl prloblr

n piur suglt dn tlcul lxtârblurl kls oibcls lt kbsautl sur dls

anpuajics lt dls plnux kl ajêvrl# Dl slaick trnbtl kls prbêrls

lt kls psnuols í râabtlr plcknct dn cubt$ lt kiccl tiutls sirtls

kl rêhdls sur dn `nèic kl psndoikblr# \cl lspêal kl aârâoicbnd



;>5 DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

Gl dn prbêrl lst nbcsbaicstbtuâ# Dl tribsbêol

dbvrlrâhdlolctl dls

irnbsics kl dn giurcâl# Bd cius rnaictl aioolct$ lc Lhyptl$

nuaucl jlurl c(nvnbt âtâ `bxâl piur dn prbêrl qub klvnbt$ ucbl

nu trnvnbd$ iaauplr tiutls dls jlurls ku giur# Dls prihrês kl dn

vbl oicnstbqul nppldêrlct pdus kl prâabsbic kncs dls iedbhntbics#

Alrtnbcls jlurls `urlct ajibsbls piur prblr$ cic pns nu jnsnrk$

lt Anssblc cius kiccl dls rnbsics qub gustb`blct ajnauc kls ajibx

qub `urlct `nbts# Dl quntrbêol dbvrl cius `nbt nssbstlr í d(nkobs/

sbic kls civbals$ í dlur âkuantbic# Anr dls ciuvlnux oibcls cl

sict pns nkobs k(loedâl pnrob dls `bkêdls$ onbs siuobs í kl

vârbtnedls âprluvls# Bds sict aic`bâs kbx pnr kbx í uc ncablc$ dl

« onãtrl kls civbals ¶$ aiool ic kbt nugiurk(jub$ nuquld bds kib/

vlct d(ieâbssncal dn pdus strbatl# ]ubs vblct dn klsarbptbic$ naaio/

pnhcâl kl quldquls lxlopdls$kls vlrtus dls pdus pnrtbaudbêrlolct

rlqubsls ajlz uc oibcl 7 juobdbtâ$ siuobssbic lt pnuvrltâ# Dl dbvrl

s(najêvl pnr d(âcuoârntbic kls klhrâs qub aickubslct dl oibclí dn plr`latbic# Dl aioolcalolct kl dn snhlssl lst dn arnbctl ku

Qlbhclur# Kl alttl arnbctl cnãt ucl sndutnbrl aiopicatbic# Kl

dn aiopicatbic priaêkl dl rlcicalolct nesidu pnr dlquld cius

cius kâpiubddics kl tiutls cis `naudtâs# Dl rlcicalolct

lchlckrl d(juobdbtâ qub rlck pissbedl dn oirtb`bantbic kl dn

vidictâ$ lt ndirs sludlolct dls vbals sict kbssius lt nrrnajâs$ lt

dls vlrtus aribsslct sur dl tlrrnbc qu(bds nenckicclct# Kncs alttlntoispjêrl kl vlrtus lc`bc âadntl dn purltâ ku aőur qub cius

plrolt k(nttlbckrl í dn plr`latbic kl d(noiur *b"# ‛ K(nutrls

slrict olbddlurs psyajidihuls qul Anssblc lt onrqulrict k(ucl

`nèic pdus `lrol dls âtnpls pnraiuruls pnr d(åol kncs alttl

oystbqul nsalcsbic$ onbs dl hlcrl psyajidihbqul iò lxalddlrict

snbctl [jârêsl lt Diyidn lst kês onbctlcnct arââ#

Dls jubt nutrls dbvrls pnsslct lc rlvul dls jubt vbals qul

dl oibcl kibt aioenttrl# Al sict 7 dn hiuronckbsl$ dn duxurl$

{b" Anssblc$ Botbdutbics kls adiãtrls$ BP$ ;1#



QNBC[ GÂUIbOL 7 DL OICNAJBQOL# ;>1

d(noiur kl d(nrhlct$ dn aidêrl$ rnenttlolct$ d(bckidlcal$ dn

vncbtâ$ d(irhulbd# Dls tribs klrcblrs kl als vbals ict alab kl

pnrtbaudblr qul dn vbl oicnstbqul arâl pdutût kls aickbtbics

`nvirnedls í dlur kâvldipplolct# A(lst nbcsb qul d(bckidlcal

s(lopnrl surtiut kls oibcls lrrnct kncs dl kâslrt í d(jlurl kl

obkb# Kl dí sic cio kl kâoic kl obkb# Dn vncbtâ lst suetbdl lt

kb``babdl í kârnabclr$ anr lddl triuvl uc prâtlxtl í cnãtrl kncs

dls vbatibrls qul d(ic rlopirtl sur lddl *>"# ûnct í d(irhulbd$ bd lst

dn siural aiooucl kl tius dls vbals$ surtiut alt irhulbd qub

cius `nbt cius rlkrlsslr cic sludlolct lc `nal kls nutrls

jiools$ onbs lc `nal kl Kblu *5"# A(lst dl# vbal kl Duab`lr6

onbs$ piur dl vnbcarl$ Kblu n bcvlctâ d(juobdbtâ# ûldquls

aicsbkârntbics sur dn hråal$ sncs dnqulddl d(jiool cl plut

râsbstlr í d(nssnut kl tius als vbals$ sl oçdlct nux klrcbêrls pnhls

ku trnbtâ qul cius pnraiurics# Onbs Anssblc dnbssl ìrt í `nbrl í

dn vidictâ juonbcl# A(lst uc slob/pâdnhblc#

Anssblc lst d(nutlur k(uc nutrl trnbtâ bctbtudâ dls Lctrltblcs

kls ]êrls$ ibb sict rnppirtâs dls lcslbhclolcts qu(uc kl sls nobs

lt dub rlèurlct kls ncnajirêtls dls pdus rlciooâs kl d(Lhyptl# Al

trnbtâ `nbt subtl nu prâaâklct lt vbsl ucl vlrtu pdus jnutl# A(lst$

kbt Lelrt$ dn jnutl âaidl kl dn vbl oicnstbqul *1"# Dl prloblr

iuvrnhl$ k(nprês Anssblc dub/oûol$ trnbtnbt kl dn tlcul lxtâ/

rblurl ku oibcl$ aldub/ab trnbtlrn kl dn tlcul bcvbsbedl$ kl

d(jiool bctârblur# Nux prbêrls ancicbquls$ utbdl kbsabpdbcl piur

d(npprlctb kl dn snbctltâ$ bd suestbtulrn dn sablcal kls prbêrls

âtlrclddls lt dn aictlopdntbic# Lelrt `nbt rlonrqulr qul al

hiöt kl dn vbl aictlopdntbvl bopdbqunbt aldub kl dn vbl bctld/

dlatulddl$ lt qul dn audturl sablctb`bqul sl triuvn nbcsb$ sius d(bc/

tdulcal kl Anssblc$ rlstnurâl kncs dls aiuvlcts qub klvnblct

eblctût klvlcbr sic slud nsbdl# ûib qu(bd lc sibt$ dn spbrbtundbtâ$

*>" Anssblc$ dia# abt#$ Zb$ 5#

*5" X#$ZB>$ 5#

*1" Lelrt$ dia# abt#$ p# 18 b#



;>; DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

kict alt iuvrnhl kl Anssblc lst lcairl pdus pdlbc qul dl prâ/

aâklct$ cius âdibhcl ìrt kl dn oirndl lxpisâl kncs dls I``bals

kl snbct Noeribsl# Lddl sloedl prlsqul âhndlolct kbstnctl

í prlobêrl vul kl rlcslbhclolct kl snbct Gârûol# Alplc/

knct lddl y lst aictlcul lc hlrol$ lt a(lst piurquib cius

d(lc nvics rnppriajâl# D(bcstbtutbic oicnstbqul cl piuvnbt

pns cl pns prikubrl als klux râsudtnts k(nppnrlcal aictrnkbatibrl 7

ucl râhdlolctntbic lxalssbvl trncsìronct d(çtrl oirnd lc ucl

onajbcl$ lt ucl vbl bctârblurl í dnqulddl kls sboudnarls k(natb/

vbtâ pjysbqul cl arânblct qu(uc bcsu``bsnct aictrlpibks#

Pibdí kica aicstbtuâls kl pltbtls âhdbsls kncs d(Lhdbsl$ nynct

dlur vbl priprl$ pnrtnct dlur oirndl í lddls# Lt alttl oirndl cl

kb``êrl pns sludlolct kl alddl kl tiut dloickl pnr ucl pdus hrnckl

sâvârbtâ# Lddl lc kb``êrl pnral qu(lddl râpick í kls aickbtbics

kl vbl spâabndls lt nrtb`bablddls# D(nsaâtbol c(lst pibct uc trnbt

irbhbcnd ku ajrbstbncbsol$ onbs d(irhncbsntbic kl d(nsaâtbsol lclst uc# Lt alttl irhncbsntbic kiuedn ajnqul âclrhbl lc dn siu/

olttnct í ucl kbsabpdbcl$ lt lc d(iedbhlnct í kurlr# Lddl arân lc

iutrl$ pnr dl rnppriajlolct k(íols ajibsbls$ ucl âoudntbic lt

kls aiddneirntbics `âaickls# Dl oiolct âtnbt vlcu kl triuvlr

piur dls anckbknts í dn plr`latbic ucl anrrbêrl kbhcl k(lux# Dl

aiuvlct suppdân nu onrtyrl sur dlquld bd c(y nvnbt pdus k(lspibr

í ìcklr# Bd `nddnbt nu ajrbstbncbsol lc l``lt$ pdus qu(í tiutl nutrl

rldbhbic$ lt lc rnbsic oçol kl dbkând âdlvâ qu(bd pripisnbt$ aiool

kls nsbdls iò alt bkând pöt çtrl rândbsâ kncs sn pdâcbtukl# Dn vbl

rldbhblusl âtnbt lc quldqul sirtl kl câalssbtâ dihbqul kncs dl

ajrbstbncbsol# Dn rlonrqul lst kl O# Ulcnc *>"#

Onbs d(lxlopdl kl alttl vbl rldbhblusl$ lc priuvnct í dn onssl

kls `bkêdls qul rblc kncs dls prâalptls ku Ajrbst c(lst brrândbsnedl$

lst piur lux ucl aicstnctl dlèic$ sbcic uc rlpriajl# Bd bctlrkbt

í dn vlrtu oicknbcl kl sl sntbs`nbrl í trip ens prbx$ lc dn

*>" O4bra/Nurêda$ p# 5;>#



QNBC[ GLU\OL 7 DL OICNAddBQ#OL# ;><

d(âkubsncd í c(ûtrl gnonbs qu(ucl vlrtu bc`ârblurl lt uc pbs/nddlr$

ddpirtl pdus jnut pnr dí oçol dn olsurl kls iedbhntbics naalptâls

kl tius# Dls aiuvlcts ùrlct nbcsb kls ìylrs k(iò dn vbl oirndl

rnyiccn# Lt dl hlcrl pnrtbaudblr kl vlrtu qub y ùt prntbquâ

kut í dlur prlstbhl k(çtrl prntbquâ oûol lc kljirs kl dlurs

ours# D(nsaâtbsol piussn gusqul kncs dl oickl sls aicquçtls$

sbo pisnct í alux/dí oçol qub c(lc `nbsnblct pns dlur ucbqul

rêhdl kl aickubtl# A(lst dn vbl juonbcl sius tiutls sls ìrolsqub$ plcknct pdusblurs sbêadls$ suebt alttl bc`dulcal# Dls aiuvlcts

dbrict nutnct qul dls enrenrls piur rnolclr dn sbopdbabtâ iuedbâl

kls oőurs# ‛ Dlur natbic lst pdus bckbsautnedl lcairl sur dl

kâvldipplolct kl alttl vbl bctârblurl$ qub lst dn onrqul priprl

kl d(íol ajrâtblccl$ lt kict d(íol oiklrcl n rlèu k(lddl dn

trnkbtbic# Dl dbvrl kl RdobtndbiGb$ nuquld bd `nut tiugiurs lc

rlvlcbr$ anr bd lst cic sludlolct ucl őuvrl nkobrnedl$ onbs$aiool cius d(nvics kbt$ dl ajl`/k(őuvrl k(uc hlcrl$ dl

dbvrl kl RBobtntbic lut kls dlatlurs lc kljirs kls adiãtrls lt

lxprbon pdus iu oibcs d(bkând aioouc kl pdusblurs hâcârntbics

kl `bkêdls# Bd ùt plcknct dichtlops dl vârbtnedl Kl I``babbs

ajrâtblc#

Bd nrrbvl lc oirndl qu(ucl oûol anusl n kls l``lts k(irkrl

prlsqul aictrnbrl# Dls aiuvlcts$ kict cius vlcics kl kbrl qu(bds

cl aic`bsquêrlct pns dn vlrtu$ onbs lc râpnckbrlct nutiur k(lux

kls slolcals$ dls aiuvlcts aictrbeuêrlct lc uc nutrl slcs í

olttrl í d(nbsl dls aicsablcals dnéquls# Gusqu(nu oiolct ibb alux

*{ub viudnblct subvrl d(Lvnchbdl í dn dlttrl sl râùhbêrlct kncs dl

kâslrt$ nuaucl åol ajrâtblccl cl s(âtnbt râsbhcâl í c(çtrl

ajrâtblccl qu(í klob# Dn kbstbcatbic kls prâalptls lt kls aicslbds

rlstnbt bckâabsl$ lt alttl bckâabsbic slrvnbt í lctrltlcbr dls saru/

pudls# Onbs qunck bd ùt kâoictrâ qul dn plr`latbic ajrâtblccl

c(âtnbt p bs pissbedl kncs dl oickl$ ic prbt sic pnrtb$ cic sludl/

olct kl cl pns d(nttlbckrl$ onbs kl cl pns aiurbr nprês# \sl ìron

ucl oirndl nttâcuâl kict ic sl aictlctn6 ic dnbssn nux oibcls



;>0 DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

dl sibc kl vbvrl tiutl dn vbl ajrâtblccl$ lt piur sib ic c(y plcsn

pdus *>"# Qnbct Glnc Ajrysistiol nvnbt prâvu lt kâcicaâ al

sipjbsol kl cis bctârçts lt kl citrl dåajltâ# Bd rlùsnbt k(âtnedbr

lctrl dn vbl kls oibcls lt alddl kls dnéquls nuaucl kb``ârlcal

k(iedbhntbics$ sb al c(lst rldntbvlolct nu aâdbent *5"# Onbs sic âdi/

qulcal cl put prâvndibr aictrl al pnatl tnabtl aicadu lctrl dl

zêdl kls ucs lt dl rldåajlolct kls nutrls# >> âtnbt `ntnd$ dl sbêadl

lctrnct lc onssl kncs d(Lhdbsl$ qu(bd d(noâcnhlåt í sic usnhl#

[iutlìbs alttl kbobcutbic kl [Lvnchbdl cl ùt kâ`bcbtbvlolct

naalptâl pnr dn pdupnrt qul ku giur iãb quldquls/ucs sl kic/

cêrlct aiool obssbic k(çtrl aiool dls rlprâslctncts kl dn vbl

pdlbclolct âvnchâdbqul# Bd su``ãt nbcsb qu(lddl`ötprntbquâl quldqul

pnrt piur qul kbspnröt dl rloirks k(nvibr dnbssâ dl Ajrbst prçajlr

lc vnbc# Dl ajrbstbncbsol i``rbt ndirs klux vibls 7 d(ucl âtribtl$

d(nutrl dnrhl# Bd y lut klux Lhdbsls 7 @Lhdbsl kl tius lt d(Âhdbsl

kls snbcts$ alddl/ab rlcknct í alddl/dí uc kiuedl slrvbal7 dub

kiccnct d(lxlopdl$ lt dn kbsplcsnct kl dl subvrl#

D(bcstbtutbic kls aiuvlcts lut ucl nutrl aicsâqulcal

Onanudny rlonrqul qul dls irkrls$ nu xv` sbêadl$ kârbvêrlct

vlrs lux alrtnbcs tlopârnolcts k(jiools qul d(jârâsbl löt

nttbrâs# Bds kiccnblct í d(lsprbt kl slatl ucl su``bsnctl sntbs`na/

tbic# [ld sl `bt gâsubtl qub plut/çtrl sl `öt `nbt pritlstnct pnr

elsibc kl sl kâtnajlr ku triuplnu lt kl `nbrl pnrtbl k(ucl pdus

pltbtl Âhdbsl# Kl oçol$ nu bv( sbêadl$ dls aiuvlcts sl triuvêrlct

çtrl dls pdus utbdls nddbâs kl d(irtjikixbl$ pnral qu(bds râpic/

knblct k(ucl nutrl `nèic nux bcstbcats qub k(irkbcnbrl ìct

cnãtrl dls jârâsbls# Qnbct Gârûol dub/oûol cl ùt/bd pns uc snbct

í tlopârnolct k(jârâtbqul9 Hråal nux aiuvlcts$ lctrl nutrls

rnbsics$ d(Iaabklct c(lut pns sn hcisl lt dls survbvncts kl dn

hcisl irblctndl ùrlct kâ`bcbtbvlolct âdbobcâs# Dl oystbabsol

*>" Pibr @dlury$ Oőurs kls ajrâtblcs$ p# 1;=6 ]ulabb$ Qnbct Gluc Ajrysistiol$

p# 50> 6 Ulcnc$ Onra/Nurâdl$ p# 5;=/5;5#

*5" Pibr ]uLAJ$ dia# abt#$ p# 505#



;>: DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

Kbsics k(neirk$ lt aldn cius slrvbrn kl trncsbtbic nvla d(âtukl

prâaâklctl$ qul snbct Nuhustbc n aâkâ dub nussb nu aiurnct qub

lopirtnbt ndirs vlrs dn vbl oicnstbqul dls olbddlurs kls ajrâ/

tblcs# Dl râabt kl dn vbl k(Nctibcl nvnbt âtâ d(uc kls `natlurs kl

sn aicvlrsbic *>"# >> nvnbt vâau í Hnssbabnauo dn kiual rltrnbtl

qul cius nvics kâarbtl$ onbs kict dls iaaupntbics rlssloednblct

í alddls kucl nankâobl nutnct qu(í alddls k(uc aiuvlct# Kl

rltiur lc N`rbqul$ bd vâaut lcairl rltbrâ ku oickl$ nux lcvbrics

kl [nhnstl$ nvla sls aiopnhcics kl Hnssbabnauo# >> c(y oncqunbt

qul Oicbqul# Bd `nddut dls klvibrs kl d(âpbsaipntpiur d(nrrnajlr

í alttl vbl qul d(âtukl lt d(nhrbaudturl sl pnrtnhlnblct# N Jbp/

picl bd ìckn uc aiuvlct pdus nutjlctbqul$ lt qub klvbct aiool

ucl onbsic oêrl piur dls oibcls ku cirk kl d(N`rbqul# Bdd(jn/

ebtn$ quibqul âvçqul$ lt a(lst dí qul ùrlct âarbts sls prbcabpnux

iuvrnhls# >> lst [nutlur dub nussb k(uc pltbt âarbt sur dn vbl kls

oibcls *5"$ kncs dlquld bd dlur rlaioonckl dl trnvnbd onculd$N alux qub prâtlcknblct qul dl trnvnbd dls lopçajlrnbt kl ajnctlr

dls diunchls kl Kblu$ bd ippisl d(lxlopdl kl als iuvrblrs lt kl

als rnolurs qub trnvnbddlct lc ajnctnct# Bd râpriuvl$ aiool

snbct Gârûol$ als oibcls jypiarbtls lt `nbcâncts qub lxpdibtlct

dn kâvitbic puedbqul lt dn vihul aribssnctl kl d(bcstbtutbic oi/

cnstbqul$ vârbtnedls klrvbajls ku ajrbstbncbsol kict dls dâhb/

tbols jârbtblrs aicvlrtbs í d(Bsdno aictbculct nugiurk(jub$ kncs

dls oöols dblux$ d(ibsbvl bckustrbl# Djbl kl sls dlttrls lc`bc *1"$

nkrlssâl í kls rldbhblusls$ aioprlcnbt quldquls aicslbds kict ic

n `nbt ucl rêhdl vârbtnedl lt qul d(ic n nppriprbâl í kls jiools#

BCius dn triuvics sius alttl ìrol nux lcvbrics ku vbu% sbêadl *;"#

Qnbct Kiobcbqul dn ajibsbrn lctrl tnct k(nutrls# Lst/al í sn kls/

tbcntbic prbobtbvl iu nu anrnatêrl kl snbct Nuhustbc$ iu í als

*>" Qnbct ÅDHAQ[bC$ Aic`#$ Pddd$ =/>5#

*5" Kl ipêrl oicnajiruo

*1" Qnbct Nfustbc$ Lp# *OZ#

*;" Ulbgudn nk slrvis \lb# Pibr Oictndfoufbbt$ )ia# abt#$ t# d$ p# 55=#



QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC 7 [JÂIUBLQ K\ ]ÂAJÂ L[ KL DN HUÅAL# ;>2

klux rnbsics í dn ìbs qul alttl rêhdl kibt k(çtrl oibcs rukl$

sncs çtrl pdus rldåajâl$ qul alddl kl snbct Gârûol9 [iugiurs

lst/bd qul vibdí snbct Nuhustbc köolct rnchâ pnrob dls pntrics

lt dls dâhbsdntlurs ku oicnajbsol#

A(lst nbddlurs tiutlìbs qu(bd `nut ajlrajlr sic őuvrl priprl#

Ic piurrnbt k(uc oit anrnatârbslr alttl őuvrl lc kbsnct qu(bd

lst dl pdus ajrâtblc kls ]êrls kl d(Lhdbsl ajrâtblccl# Qic åol

oûol lst uc prikubt lsslctblddlolct ajrâtblc# \cl aicstnctl

râ`dlxbic sur sib$ râ`dlxbic oçdâl kl trbstlssl$ lst lc l``lt$ cius

dl snvics$ dn ìrol ciuvlddl kldí vbl oirndl# Ir snbct Nuhustbc

lc pissâkn$ oblux qul plrsiccl$ dl slarlt qu(bd aictrbeun hrnc/

klolct í râpnckrl# Q(bd ùt âdêvl bab$ bd ùt surtiut onãtrl$ lt

dls dlèics qu(bd kiccn$ nprês dls nvibr rlèuls$ prbrlct kncs sn

eiuajl ucl tlddl pirtâl qu(lddls sloedlct kntlr kl dub# ]lrsiccl

c(nvnbt lcairl rnaictâ aiool dub$ plrsiccl c(nvnbt plut/çtrl

slctb nvla alttl bctlcsbtâ dls pdus bctbols oiuvlolcts kl d(åol#

]lrsiccl c(nvnbt `nbt k(âvâclolcts tiut bctârblurs uc krnol qub

surpnssåt lc bctârçt alux qub râsudtlct kls aic`dbts iò pdusblurs

bckbvbkus sict lchnhâs# Dls Aic`lssbics sict dl prloblr râabt

kl entnbddls k(bkâls lt kl slctbolcts$ dn prlobêrl jbstibrl k(åol

qub nbt âtâ âarbtl# Dls dbvrls k(Âpbatêtl lt kl Onra/Nurêdl$ als

klux dbvrls snbcts ku stiéabsol$ sict kl aictbculds slroics í

sib/oçol# Qb quldqul pdnal y lst `nbtl í kls aic`bklcals$ a(lst

prlsqul bcvidictnbrlolct$ lt a(lst pnral qul cius dls y ajlrajics$

nvla cis bkâls prâaicèuls kl oiklrcls lt kl ajrâtblcs$ qul cius

dls y triuvics# Dls Aic`lssbics cl piuvnblct çtrl al qu(lddls

sict qul kncs ucl rldbhbic `nbsnct cic sludlolct kl d(lxnolc

kl aicsablcal$ onbs kl d(juobdbtâ kncs alt lxnolc# Pn e a kldí

vbl bctârblurl# Alplcknct als aic`bklcals nkrlssâls í Kblu kl/

vbcrlct dl oikêdl kl aic`bklcals nkrlssâls nux jiools$ nvla

kls klhrâs kbvlrs k(juobdbtâ lt nussb kl sbcaârbtâ# N vrnb kbrl$

tiutl dn dbttârnturl psyajidihbqul priaêkl kl snbct Nuhustbc lt

pnr dí bd `nut lctlckrl cic sludlolct aic`lssbics$ oâoibrls$



;5= DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

giurcnux bctbols$ onbs cis rioncs oûol# Qncs aioptlr quld(jbstibrl lt dl tjâåtrl ùrlct í dlur tiur rlciuvldâs$ quibqul al

pjâcioêcl nbt obs pdus kl tlops í sl prikubrl$ pnr d(jnebtukl

prbsl kl d(ncndysl prntbquâl sur sib$ pubs sur nutrub# Dls Aic/

`lssbics cius bctârlsslct pdus lcairl lc al qul k(lddls lst câ

cic sludlolct uc hlcrl dbttârnbrl$ onbs uc hlcrl kl vbl# Al

kbndihul plrpâtuld kl d(åol lt kl Kblu$ als prbêrls lt als oâkb/

tntbics ndtlrcnct nvla dls râsidutbics lt dls l`ìrts$ tiut aldn lst

klvlcu ucl oâtjikl aiooucl qub n `nbt kl dn rldbhbic ucl

ajisl pdus bctbol$ pdus plrsicclddl$ pnrtnct pdus ajêrl# Lc

iutrl$ a(lst dn prlobêrl ìbs qu(nppnrnãt d(ucbic âtribtl k(ucl

kiatrbcl lt k(ucl vbl# Kncs d(nctbqubtâ lt siuvlct nussb kncs dls

tlops oiklrcls$ dls pjbdisipjbls sict aiool kâtnajâls kls

jiools qub dls ict aicèuls# Ajlz snbct Nuhustbc$ al c(lst pns

sludlolct dn kiatrbcl qub n `nbt dn vbl$ onbs nussb dn vbl qub n

`nbt dn kiatrbcl# A(lst í sic aőur' âprbs k(nbolr qu(bd n kö kl

vibr kncs uc kic kl sib prlsqul tiutl dn rldbhbic# A(lst dl siu/

vlcbr kl pnssbics suebls nvla kâhiöt$ lt k(ucl slcsundbtâ kb``babdl/

olct vnbcaul$ qub dub n `nbt tiuajlr nu ìck kl sic çtrl priprl

dn trnal dnbssâl pnr dl pâajâ# A(lstkncssn priprl aicsablcal qu(bd

n lctlcku d(nppld kl dn hråal kbvbcl# Qls tjâirbls rldbhblusls

sictkicatiutlspdlbclsklsls lxpârblcals lt aiool kl sic åol#

Dls Aic`lssbics cl aictblcclct pns tiutl dn psyajidihbl klsnbct Nuhustbc$ sb lddls lc sict dn pdus âadntnctl oncb`lstntbic#

N aûtâ kl alttl psyajidihbl lc`dnooâl$ bd lc lst ucl pdus rlpi/

sâl$ pdus tjâirbqul# Dls Qidbdiquls$ kbndihul lctrl snbct Nuhus/

tbc lt sn rnbsic$ qub slrvbt dub nussb kl prititypl í tnct kl oâ/

kbtntbics kbndihuâls$ lc sict dl prbcabpnd oicuolct# Ic plut

oûol kbrl qul dn pjbdisipjbl kl citrl nutlur c(lst qu(ucl psy/

ajidihbl lt ucl tjâidihbl# Dn aiccnbssncal kl Kblu lt dn aiu

cnbssncal kl d(åol sludls dub bopirtlct *>" 6 lt alttl kâdbobtntbic

*>" Qnbo Nuhustbc$ Qidbd#$ B$ 8# Kluo lt ncbono sabrl aupbi# Cbjbdclpdus9

Cbjbd iocbci#



QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC 7 [JÂIUBLQ K\ ]ÂAJÂ L[ KL DN HUÅAL# ;5>

ki dn rlajlrajl sablctb`bqul$ qbbbâtnbtnctârblurl í snbct Nuhustbc$

rlalvrn kl dub uc surariãt k(nutirbtâ# D(lsprbt juonbc lst kês

dirs$ lt piur dichtlops$ irblctâ vlrs d(nestrnatbic lt dn spâau/

dntbic# Dls `nbts bctlrcls klolurlct kica sluds$ lt hrnckbs pnr

alt bsidlolct# Bds ict al oârbtl suppdâolctnbrl$ piur snbct

Nuhustbc$ kl dub `nbrl kâaiuvrbr kncs d(åol juonbcl í dn ìbs

d(bc`brobtâ qub lst sic dit lt d(bonhl kls plr`latbics kbvbcls# Bd

`nut lc lt[lt kbstbchulr kl d(jiool lxtârblur$ a(lst/í/kbrl kl al

qul bd y n k(ncbond kncs d(juoncbtâ$ d(jiool bctârblur$ a(lst/

í/kbrl dn rnbsic qub sl aicìck nvla dn vârbtâ lt qub pnrtnct lst$

aiool lddl$ booirtlddl *>"# Kl d(booutnebdbtâ kls prbcabpls

ontjâontbquls snbct Nuhustbc kâkubt nbcsb d(booirtndbtâ kl

d(åol#

Nprês dls priedêols rldntb`s í d(åol$ dls priedêols rldntb`s í

Kblu# Kblu qub$ lc uc slcs$ cius lst tlddlolct aiccu qul rblc

c(lst aiccu qu(lc dub it pnr dub *5"$ Kblu qul cius aiccnbssics

pubsqul cius d(bcviquics lt pubsqul cius d(nboics *1"$ Kblu$ lc

uc nutrl slcs$ âajnppl í citrl aiccnbssncal qu(ipprbol dn dib

ku tlops *;"# Dn citbic kl Kblu c(lst aioprbsl kncs nuaucl

antâhirbl *i"# [iut oit lst bopriprl í d(lxprbolr *0"# Onbs vibab

qul dn plcsâl kl snbct Nuhustbc$ kl câi/pdnticbablccl$ klvblct

ajrâtblccl# D(bhcirncal nppriajl kl Kblu pdus qul dn sablcal *8"#

Lt alttl âcbhol vn s(lxpdbqulr# Bd y n lc l``lt klux `nèics kl aic/

cnãtrl 7 dn aiccnbssncal pjbdisipjbqul qub#priaêkl kl d(irhulbd$

aiccnbssncal oirtl lt stârbdl$ lt dn aiccnbssncal ajrâtblccl$

tiutl `nbtl k(noiur *:"# A(lst pnr d(noiur qul cius nttlbhcics

*>" Qnbct Nuhdsébc$ Kl [rbc#$ ZBB$ B#

*5"Qnbct Nuhustbc$

Abo`#$ P\$ GI6 Qi\D$ >$ 1#*1" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Aic`#$ T$ > 6 A`# Kl [rbc#$ PBJ$ >5#

*;" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Aic`#$ d$ 1#

*<" Bk#$ BP$ 526 Kl [rbc#$ P$ 0#

{0g Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl [rbc#$ BB$ 1<#

*8" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ \a icdbcl$ td$ ;;# ûb sabturoldbus clsablcki#

*:" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl kbt#$ qu# :1$ qu# 1<#



;55 DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

Kblu# Lt alt noiur cius oêcl í dub siuvlct í citrl bcsu#

« Anr Kblu lst d(noiur dub/oûol$ lt qubaicqul vbt kl d(noiur

vbt kl Kblu$ lt a(lst Kblu qu(bd nbol *>"# ¶ Kiatrbcl dbeârndl qub

kiccl d(naaês kl Kblu í tius dls aőurs nboncts#

Bd y n kica ucl pjbdisipjbl kl snbct Nuhustbc$ lt aldn su``brnbt

í dl kbstbchulr kls nutrls ]êrls kl d(Lhdbsl dntbcl# Nvla dub dn

spâaudntbic ajnchl kl pntrbl lt kl dnchul# Qb pdlbc qu(bd sibt kl

]dntic$ snbct Nuhustbc lst lc iutrl dl pdus irbhbcnd kls pjbdi/

sipjls dntbcs$ pdus irbhbcnd qul Duarêal$ al kbsabpdl k(Lpbaurl$

qul Qâcêqul$ al kbsabpdl kls stiéablcs$ qulAbaâric$ al kbsabpdl

kl tiut dl oickl# [iutlìbs$ ic sl trioplrnbt hrncklolct lc

`nbsnct kl dub surtiut uc pjbdisipjl lt lc kâkubsnct kl sn

sludl pjbdisipjbl dls kihols nuxqulds sic cio lst nttnajâ#

Alttl pjbdisipjbl oçol prâslctl uc anrnatêrl ciuvlnu qub

s(naalctul qunck ic ieslrvl d(irkrl ajricidihbqul kls âarbts

k(Nuhustbc$ í snvibr uc kâknbc kl dn sablcal lt kl sls oâ/

tjikls aicsnarâls# Lt al kâknbc c(lst pns uc kâknbc kl

salptbqul$ onbs kl ariynct# Kâgí kncs uc kl sls tiut prloblrs

âarbts snbct Nuhustbc rlonrqul qul sn oêrl$ bhcirnctl lt plu

aurblusl kl tiut al qub s(bctbtudl sablcal$ nvnbt ucl sirtl k(bcs/

tbcat piur râsiukrl dls qulstbics dls pdus priìckls *5"# K(nutrl

pnrt bd sl sanckndbsl kl al `nbt qul elnuaiup kl snvncts c(ict

pns vâau pbluslolct$ tnckbs qul elnuaiup kl sbopdls k(lsprbt

ict âtâ kls snbcts *1"# Lt aldn dub lst ucl rnbsic kl pdus piur kâ/

piubddlr dn sablcal kl sic nctbqul prlstbhl# Bd n$ kncs uc elnu

pnssnhl aioolctâ pnr O# Pbddlonbc *;"$ aiool lsqubssâ alttl

*>" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl [rbc#$ PBBB$ >=# ûb prixboucb kbdbhbd$ aicslqulcs

lst ut lt bpsno prnlabpul kbdladbiclo kbdbhnt# Klus nutlo kbdlatbi lst$ lt

qub onclt bc kbdladbicl bc Kli onclt# Aicslqulcs lrhi lst ut prnlabpul

Kluo kbdbhnt# Qidbd#$ d$ 5# Klus$ qulo nont iocl quik pitlst nonrl$sbvl sablcs$ sbvl clsablcs#

*5" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl irkbca$ BB$ ;<#

*1" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Ultr#$ B$ 1$ 5#

*;" Pbddlonbc$ [nedlnu kl d(âdiqulcal a rltblccl$ p# ;:0/;:8#



QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC 7 [JÂIUBLQ K\ ]ÂAJÂ L[ KL DN HUÅAL# ;51

tjâirbl kls kb``ârlcts irkrls kl hrncklur qul klvnbt rlprlckrl

sic pdus bddustrl kbsabpdl# Dub nussb bd olt dl slctbolct oirnd

nu/klssus kl tiut dl rlstl# Aictrl dn vbl bctârblurl dl kiutl cl

prâvnut pns*b"# Al c(lst pns nsslz kbrl# Dn sablcal bopdbqul dn

ìb$ lt a(lst piurquib dls pnélcs$ cl pissâknct pns alddl/ab$ c(ict

nttlbct kl alddl/dí qul d(nppnrlcal lt qul d(ioerl# Qnbct Nuhustbc

cl rlcical pns nu rçvl bctlddlatundbstl kls pjbdisipjls kict bd

âtnbt dl kbsabpdl$ onbs bd lc rlolt í d(âtlrcbtâ dn rândbsntbic#

]iur d(jlurl prâslctl a(lst dn ìb qub bopirtl#

Cius siools kica rnolcâs nu pibct kl vul rldbhblux# N dn

vârbtâ a(lst í al pibct kl vul qu(bd `nut lxadusbvlolct sl pdnalr

piur âtukblr dn kiatrbcl kl snbct Nuhustbc# Q(bd lst pdus pjbdi/

sipjl qul dls ]êrls dntbcs$ bd lst pdus ajrâtblc qul tius dls

]êrls hrlas# Lc al kiuedl slcs bd lst dl pjbdisipjl ajrâtblc pnr

lxalddlcal# Cius c(brics pns gusqu(í kbrl$ aiool O# Klcbs *5"$

qu(bd n ìckâ dn oirndl ajrâtblccl$ tiutl oirndl ajrâtblccl

nctârblurl í dub c(âtnct qu(ucl aioebcnbsic k(âdâolcts âtrnc/

hlrs# Anr$ kncs alttl nsslrtbic$ al dbvrl n `nbt í d(nvncal dn pnrt

kl dn vârbtâ lt kl d(lrrlur# Onbs bd n `nbt dn oirndl ajrâtblccl

pdus ajrâtblccl# Bd d(n rnttnajâl í uc kihol qub c(lst pdus

sludlolct dl kihol nussb pjbdisipjbqul qul rldbhblux kl

d(lxbstlcal lc Kblu lt kl d(booirtndbtâ# Qn oâtnpjysbqul lst

tiutl pâcâtrâl kl ìb# Onbs sn oirndl pdus lcairl# D(ucl lt

d(nutrl sl aicìcklct nvla dn rldbhbic# Onbs bd n rlciuvldâ dn

rl\hbic lddl/oçol# Qldic dn ìrtl lxprlssbic ku pri`lsslur

Jnrcnaf$ bd n kâaiuvlrt dn rldbhbic nu slbc kl dn rldbhbic# Bd n

`nbt aicsbstlr dn pbâtâ cic pdus kncs dn arnbctl lt d(lspârncal$

aiool d(utbdbtnbrl Dnatncal$ onbs kncs dn ìb# Dls snarlolcts

lux/oçols$ kict cius kbrics tiut dl ans qu(bd `nbt$ cl pluvlct

aioplcslr dn ìb neslctl# [iut `nux nbr kl onhbl kbspnrnãt ku

audtl# Dl oystbabsol hrla$ tiut boprâhcâ kl cnturndbsol$ sl

*>" Qnbct Nuaustbc$ Kl [rbc#$ ZP$ 5>#

*5" Kl#os$ Ir(ugêcl$ p# ÃGBI#



;5; DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ ÅOEUIBQL#

spbb(btundbsl# Dn rldbhbic lst pirtâl nu ìck kls aőurs$ lt b(l`tirt

bctbol pnr dlquld Nuhustbc nvnbt kâaiuvlrt Kblu ârbhâ lc oâ/tjikl ucbvlrslddl *>"# Lt lc tiut aldn bd c(n pns kl prâaurslur$

sbcic alt nutrl aicvlrtb$ snbct ]nud#

>> n bccivâ lc uc nutrl slcs$ iò cius cius âticclrbics qul$

quntrl sbêadls nprês dn ìckntbic kl dn rldbhbic ajrâtblccl$ bd y

löt lcairl í bccivlr$ sb cius cl cius siuvlcbics kl dn sâkua/

tbic lxlraâl pnr [jârâsbl k(Nrbus# BB n `nbt nu Ajrbst sn pdnal

vârbtnedl kncs dl ajrbstbncbsol$ aioeblc kb``ârlct lc aldn klalttl hcisl qub âtnbt aiool loenrrnssâl kl dub# Dl ajrbstbn/

cbsol piur dub c(lst pns sludlolct dn pjbdisipjbl ajrâtblccl$

onbs d(jbstibrl ku Ajrbst# Qn ìb vn cic í uc kihol nestrnbt$

onbs í uc çtrl# Lt al hlcrl kl ìb oibcs bctlddlatulddl lt pdus

prntbqul aicvlcnbt oblux lc l``lt í d(lsprbt kl d(Iaabklct# Kncs

dn rândbtâ kl sn vbl bctârblurl$ a(lst dl Ajrbst qub n vnbcau

Nuhustbc# >> lst piur dub dn vârbtâ lt dn rldbhbic$ bd lst dn oi/

rndl# Cius nvics kâgí oictrâ *5" aioeblc dl siuvlcbr kl

d(jiool Gâsus$ oikêdl í dn ìbs kbvbc lt rândbsâ$ vbvb`bnbt dn

oirndl ajrâtblccl# Nviuics onbctlcnct qul citrl aioolc/

tnbrl s(nppdbqulrnbt pdus lxnatlolct í dn oirndl ajrâtblccl nprês

snbct Nuhustbc# A(lst alttl oirndl qul dn kiatrbcl kl dn râ/

kloptbic$ lc dnqulddl sl ìcklct dn kiatrbcl ku pâajâ lt alddl

kl dn hråal$ `nbt hrnvbtlr tiut lctbêrl nutiur kl dn plrsiccl

ku oâkbntlur# Cius kbsbics lc aiopnrnct Abaâric lt snbct

Noeribsl qu(nvla dl ajrbstbncbsol Kblu âtnbt lctrâ kncs dn

oirndl# Nprês snbct Nuhustbc$ pnrtiut itg cius âarÉNbics Kblu$

bd `nut âarbrl dl Ajrbst# Nbcsb tiutl dn pjbdisipjbl kl snbct

Nuhustbc sl rnoêcl í dn rldbhbic$ lt tiutl dn rldbhbic nux rnp/

pirts kl d(åol lt ku Ajrbst# \cl tlckrlssl pdus plrsicclddl$ pdus

pdlbcl k(l`ùsbics$ ucbt ajnqul jiool cic pdus í Kblu sludl/

*>" Pibr dl [rnbtâ kl dn rldbhbic#

*5" Pibr$ kncs cibrl ajnpbtrl vb$ dl kâvldipplolct bctbtudâ7 Plrtus ciu/

vlddls#



QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC 7 [JÂIUBLQ \\ ]dbAJÂ L[ KL DN HUÅAL# ;51

oict$ onbs ò d(jiooa/Kblu# Laiutics al kbndihul lctlcku nu

`ick kl sic íol pnr alt nutrl Nuhustbc$ ]nsand 7 « Gl plcsnbs í tib

bjbcs oic nhicbl$ g(nb vlrsl tlddls hiuttls kl snch piur tib### Qb

tu aiccnbssnbs tls pâajâs$ tu plrkrnbs aőur# ‛ Gl dl plrkrnb kica$

Qlbhclur$ anr gl aribs dlur ondbal sur vitrl nssurncal# ‛ Cic$

anr oib$ pnr qub tu d(npprlcks$ t(lc plux huârbr$ lt al qul gl

tl dl kbs lst uc sbhcl qul gl tl vlux huârbr *>"# ¶

Onbs dn kbvbcbtâ

oçolku Uâkloptlur slrnbt uc cic/slcs lt

uc kihol bcutbdl$ sb d(lxpbntbic kict bd s(lst ajnrhâ c(nvnbt

rlcku câalssnbrl d(bctlrvlctbic k(uc Kblu# Dn kbhcbtâ kl dn

vbatbol lxpbntibrl suppisl d(boolcsbtâ kl dn `nutl# Nbcsb ku

kihol kl dn [rbcbtâ lt kl dn kâ`nbtl kl d(nrbncbsoa klvnbt çtrl

kâkubtl dn kiatrbcl ku pâajâ# A(lst snbct Nuhustbc qub `ir/

oudn alttl kâkuatbic# Onbs bd `nut rlonrqulr qu(lddl âtnbt kncs

dn dihbqul ku ajrbstbncbsol# Dl pâajâ c(n pns kl rândbtâ oâtn/pjysbqul# Dl ond c(lst pns uc çtrl$ uc kblu# Qnbct Nuhustbc

n rlcicaâ í Bjârâsbl oncbajâlccl$ lt bd lst onbctlcnct trip

pdlbc kl sic Kblu piur nkolttrl uc piuvibr rbvnd# Dl ond c(lst

qul dn airruptbic kl d(őuvrl kbvbcl$ uc kâajlt kncs dl jblc *5"#

Lcairl y n/t/bd kls dbobtls í alttl airruptbic# Dl ond nesidu

lctrnãclrnbt dn `bc kl d(çtrl qu(bd nurnbt lcvnjb# [nct qul d(çtrl

suesbstl$ quldqul eblc suesbstl lc dub *1"# Nbcsb kl d(åol aiu/pnedl tiutl elnutâ c(lst pns neslctl# >> lc klolurl nsslz piur

qu(lddl sibt uc âdâolct kl elnutâ kncs d(lcsloedl *;"# K(iò

râsudtl alttl kiatrbcl qul Kblu n prâvu dn vidictâ onuvnbsl$

lt lc n tlcu aioptl$ prlsablcal k(nbddlurs qub c(lst pns prâkâ/

tlrobcntbic bg""# Lc iutrl alttl vidictâ onuvnbsl lst ucl anusl

sludlolct câhntbvl$ prbvntbvl# Kblu lst anusl kl tiut çtrl# « Aldn

*>" Âkbt# Jnvlt$ t# Bt$ p# 5=:#

*5" Qnbct Nvhdstbc$ Kl abv# Kab$ Zb$ 2$ nobssbi eicb6 jd$ 55$ prbvn/

tbi eicb#

*1" Qnbct Nbaustbc$ Aic`#$ PBB$ >:#

*;" Qnbct Nbhbstbc$ Kl ous#$ PB$ (iH#

*ãg" Qnbct Ndhdstbc$ Kl prnlk# snbv7#$ >2#



;50 DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEJIBQL#

slud qub c(lst pns$ û oic Kblu$ cl vblct pns kl tib *>"# ¶

Onbs sb dl ond c(n pns kl rândbtâ oâtnpjysbqul$ bd n$ kncs dn

kiatrbcl k(Nuhustbc$ ucl rândbtâ oirndl k(nutnct pdus hrnckl#

Qnbct Nuhustbc lstbol lc l``lt qul dn sludl `nèic kl râùtlr dl

oncbajâbsol lst cic pns kl kbssboudlr d(âtlckul kls obsêrls

juonbcls$ onbs kl dls lxpdbqulr nutrlolct qu(bd cl `nbt *5"#

Cius nvics kbt nbddlurs qul d(ic suebt k(irkbcnbrl d(bcddulcal kls

kiatrbcls qu(ic râùtl# Ndirs snbct Nuhustbc n sueb kiuedl/

olct d(bc`dulcal ku oncbajâbsol$ aiool kbsabpdl$ pubs aioolnkvlrsnbrl$ lt bd n âtâ aiool iesâkâ tiutl sn vbl kls priedêols

kict alttl jârâsbl lst câl# Dn `nutl kl d(jiool cl sl plrk pns

cic pdus piur dub kncs [jbstibrl k(ucl ajutl ucbvlrslddl$ kict dn

ajutl kls nchls nurnbt âtâ dl prloblr natl# [iut nu oibcs

c(bcsbstl/t/bd pns sur alttl jbstibrl# Onbs bd bcsbstl sur dn rândbtâ

kl cis prâslctls `nbedlssls$ nvla dlsqulddls dls klsarbptbics kl

d(âtnt pnrnkbsbnqul ìrolct uc kiudiurlux aictrnstl *1"# Bd

ybcsbstl nvla d(åprltâ kl siuvlcbrs qub rlssloedlct í kls rl/

oirks# Lt$ tlddl qu(lddl lst$ dn plrvlrsbtâ juonbcl cl dub sloedl

pns piuvibr çtrl kâkubtl k(uc natl kl dbelrtâ natulddl# [iut

priuvl k(nbddlurs ucl plrvlrsbic rnkbandl kl citrl cnturl 7 ci/

trl bclxpdbanedl râsbstncal í Kblu$ dn duttl lc cius kl d(lsprbt

lt kl dn ajnbr$ als bopudsbics nuxqulddls cius aâkics lc riu/

hbssnct$ tius cis tiurolcts lc`bc lt tiutls cis aictrnkbatbics#

‛ Nbcsb dls pâajâs cius ìct rloictlr nu pâajâ lt cius slc/

tics dn `nutl k(Nkno plslr sur cius#

Nkno n pâajâ$ lt d(juoncbtâ n pâajâ lc dub# D(lsslcal ju/

onbcl$ tiut lctbêrl lc Nkno$ sl trncsolt í sn pistârbtâ nvla dn

kâajâncal kict bbrn`rnppâl*;"# ]nr dn`nutlku prloblr jiool$

d(irkrl ku oickl n âtâ triuedâ lt dl kbnedl y n âtnedb sic lo/

*>" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Aic`#$ Bd$ >># Lt jia sijbcb n tl cic lst quik cic lst#

*5> Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Ip# bop# a# GuD$ X$ H#

*1" Bk#$ PB$ 58#

*;" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl aba# Kab$ ZBdd$ 1 #



QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC 7 [JÂIUBLQ K\ ]ÂAJF L[ KL DN HUÅAL# ;58

pbrl *>"#

‛ Alttl bctlrvlctbic ku kbnedl sloedlrnbt eblc kicclrnu prbcabpl ku ond pdus kl rândbtâ qu(Nuhustbc cl dub lc naair/

knbt tiut í d(jlurl# Onbs cius c(nvics pns kbt qu(bd c(y löt pns

ajlz snbct Nuhustbc kls nppnrlcals kl aictrnkbatbic# Al kâsir/

krl ucbvlrsld kict d(jiool lst rlspicsnedl priuvl ku oibcs dl

rnch qu(bd tblct kncs dl oickl lc oçol tlops qul dn pdnal

`nbtl í sn ajutl kncs dl pdnc kbvbc# Lddl n siuobs d(jiool í dn

oirt spbrbtulddl lt airpirlddl *5"$ lddl d(n siuobs í dn ondnkbl$lddl d(n siuobs í d(lrrlur# D(åol rnbsiccnedl lst oûdâl kncs

sic íol í ucl åol elstbndl$ lt bd `nut qu(bd `nssl kls kbstbcatbics

lc dub piur rltriuvlr dn purltâ kl sn cnturl *1"# Bd cl kb``êrl

kls eêtls qul pnral qu(lc alddls/ab nuaucl duttl cl s(âtnedbt

lctrl klux cnturls aictrnbrls# Nvnct dn ajutl nuaucl duttl

cic pdus cl triuednbt dl aőur kl rbbiool$ onbs a(âtnbt dn rnb/

sic qub y âtnbt siuvlrnbcl *;"# Cl cius klonckics pns aio/olct ndirs dn ajutl n âtâ pissbedl lt aictbcuics k(lc nppri/

`ickbr dls aicsâqulcals# Cic sludlolct cius nvics sueb kl sic

`nbt ucl kbobcutbic prlsqul ontârblddl$ onbs lddl n arââ lc

cius ucl plrpâtulddl kbspisbtbic í lc rlciuvldlr d(i``lcsl *<"/

A(lst aiool ucl ondnkbl dnbssâl pnr dl pâajâ kncs [åol *0"#

Nbcsb dl pâajâ lchlckrl dl pâajâ lt alttl trbstl `âaickbtâ lc lst dl

pdus rlkiutnedl ajåtbolct# Pibdí aioolct snbct Nuhustbc sl

triuvl nolcâ í kbrl qul cius siools natulddlolct kncs dn

kurl câalssbtâ kl pâajlr *8"# Pibdí aioolct d(juoncbtâ c(lst

pdus qu(uc nons kl pâajâs *:"# ‛ K(ibb dn câalssbtâ kl dn hråal#

*>" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl [rbc#$dR$ >86 Klobpt# ltaica# $>>$ >;6 A# Gu\nc#$ >>>$><2#

*5" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl abv# Klb$ ZBBB$ >1#

*1" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl [rbc#$ Z$ >5#

*;" Qnbct NuH\Q[BS$ Ip# bop#a# GuD$ BP$ ;>#

*<" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ A# Gudbnc$ PB$ <;#

*0" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl [rbc#$ ZBP$ 51#

*8" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Klplr`#gust# juo# $2# Qlaudnist plaanduo jnelckb kurn

câalssbtns#

*:" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl a$v# Klb$ ZBBd$ 1#



;5: DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

Onbs nvnct k(lc vlcbr í lddl$ klonckics/cius lc quib aic/

sbstl uc pâajâ kict dl pibks lst sb diurk# Bab cius rltriuvics

lcairl d(lxpârblcal oirndl kl snbct Nuhustbc lt sn aicalptbic

kls rnppirts kl d(åol lt kl Kblu# Dl pâajâ$ a(lst dn prbvntbic

kl Kblu$ a(lst dn rupturl nvla Kblu# « A(lst aictrl tib slud qul

g(nb pâajâ$ Qlbhclur# ¶ Onbs Kblu dub/oçol c(n pns viudu alttl

rupturl# A(lst d(jiool qub$ kncs sic irhulbd$ n tlctâ kl s(n``rnc/

ajbr lt c(n râussb qu(í kâajibr# Bd n slaiuâ ucl pblusl slrvb/

tukl qub lst dnvârbtnjdl ìrol kldí dbelrtâ$ prâ`ârnct dn dbelrtâku ond qub c(lc lst qul dl olcsichl# Bd n rlùsâ al rûdl k(bcs/

truolct kiabdl kâpnrtb nux slrvbtlurs kl Kblu$ lt bd n viudu dub/

oçol çtrl quldqul ajisl aiool uc kblu# Nbcsb d(irhulbd iu$

aiool kbt nbddlurs snbct Nuhustbc$ dn tâoârbtâ *5" nppnrnãt

í d(irbhbcl kl tiut pâajâ# Anr al c(lst pns sludlolct d(jbstibrl

ku prloblr pâajâ$ onbs alddl kl tius alux qub dl subvbrlct qul

cius rnaictics bab# Lt sludl d(juobdbtâ k(uc Kblu piurrn rnajl/

tlr dn `nutl kl d(irhulbd juonbc# Nbcsb s(lxpdbqul d(bhciobcbl kl

d(lxpbntbic lt dl slcs kbvbc kl tiut nenbsslolct vidictnbrl#

Kica a(lst d(irhulbd qub lst dn rnabcl ku pâajâ$ onbs dn slc/

sundbtâ lc lst dl `rubt# Kblu$ piur pucbr d(irhulbd$ n ajlrajâ dl

ajåtbolct dl pdus juobdbnct lt bd n rnvndâ d(jiool nux pnssbics

kl dn erutl# Dl pâajâ c(lst pns câ kls kâsbrs kl dn ajnbr$ sncs

quib dl kbnedl clöt pu pâajlr *1"# Onbs dls kâsbrs kl dn ajnbr

sict câs ku pâajâ# Lt onbctlcnct bds dub ìurcbsslct aioolucl ontbêrl ciuvlddl# Dl airps klstbcâ nu slrvbal kl d(åol

rnbsiccnedl s(lst râvidtâ aictrl lddl# D(ucbtâ juonbcl lst

riopul# ]jbdic lst dl prloblr npûtrl qul cius nyics rlcaic/

trâ kl alttl jnbcl kl dn ajnbr qub lst vlcul$ nvla dl ajrbstbncbsol$

triuedlr dl trncqubddl cnturndbsol kl d(Iaabklct# ]jbdic bklc/

tb`bnbt dn ajutl lt dn hâcârntbic# @iur snbct Nuhustbc alttl bklc/

*>" Qnbct Ndhdstbc$ Kl dbe# nre#$ Bd$ 18#

*5" Qnbo Nuhdstbc$ Kl abv# Klb$ ZZBb$ 5;#

*1" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl ous#$ PB$ 11#



QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC 7 [JÂIUBLQ K\ ]ÂAJÂ L[ KL DN HFÍAL# ;52

tb`ãantbic c(lst pns nesidul# Onbs dn hâcârntbic ku airps lst dl

oiylc kl trncsobssbic ku pâatbâ# Alttl jypitbbêsl dub pnrnãt

pdus sbopdl qul alddl ku trnkuabncbsol# D(åol arââl sncs tn/

ajl lst airriopul pnr dl vnsl qub dn rlèibt *>"# Dl airps lst

nbcsb dl vâjbaudl ku pâajâ kict bd lst d(bcstruolct# Eissult n

bctlrprâtâ kl alttl `nèic dn kiatrbcl kl sic onãtrl Nuhustbc 7

« Cius cnbssics kncs al kâsirkrl kl dn aicaupbsalcal pnral qul

a(lst pnr al kâsirkrl qul cius cnbssics$ lt qu(bd lst bcsâpnrnedlku prbcabpl kl citrl cnbssncal# A(lst kica al qub `nbt lc cius

dn pripnhntbic ku pâajâ lt dn rlck nussb cnturlddl qul alddl kl

dn vbl *5"# ¶

]iur aioprlckrl tiut al qul dn kiatrbcl ku pâajâ kibt í

snbct Nuhustbc$ bd `nut sl rlprâslctlr al qu(lddl âtnbt nvnct dub#

Alttl kiatrbcl lxbstl ajlz dls ]êrls hrlas$ onbs í d(âtnt kl

kihol sncs vbl lt sncs natbic sur dls åols# Nuauc k(lux c(nâtâ triuedâ pnr lddl 6 onbs bds s(lc naaiooiklct lt dn râkubslct

í ucl/ sirtl kl obcbouo# ]iur Adâolct$ dn plr`latbic ku prl/

oblr jiool c(âtnbt qu(ucl plr`latbic pissbedl$ kl sirtl qul

cius c(nvics plrku qul al qul cius c(nvbics pns# Lc iutrl$

dls pnssbics `nbsnblct pnrtbl kl dn cnturl juonbcl$ nvnct aiool

nprês dn ajutl$ kl sirtl qu(ic cl vibt pdus lc quib cius nvics

âtâ plrvlrtbs# Dl ondjlur c(n kica pns âtâ eblc hrnck# ]iurIrbhêcl$ cius cius lc siuvlcics$ citrl dberl nrebtrl lst rlstâ

bctnat$ lt ajlz dub dls kiatrbcls aictrnkbatibrls kl dn dbelrtâ lt

kl dn hråal cl sl sict pns lcairl jlurtâls# ]iur snbct Glnc

Ajrysistiol dl pâajâ irbhbcld n `nbt d(jiool k(booirtld

oirtld$ onbs bd c(n huêrl lu qul alttl aicsâqulcal tiutl

pjysbqul# ^ul cius siyics pâajlurs sncs nvibr pâajâ plrsic/

clddlolct$ Ajrysistiol cl plut d(nkolttrl *1"# Lt kl alttl

oirt$ kict d(juoncbtâ n onbctlcnct d(jnebtukl$ bd prlck nsslz

*>" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ A# Gudbnc#$ >8#

*5" EisbsuL[$ Kâ`lcsl kl dn trnkbtbic$ BZ$ 5#

*1" Âkbt# Elcak#$ t# BZ$ Irnd# Z$p# <56b#



;1= DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

pjbdisipjbqulolct sic pnrtb# Bd lc `nbt oûol d(npidihbl# Lddl

cius kâdbvrl kl cis priprls pâajâs qub lusslct rlcku bcsuppir/tnedl citrl booirtndbtâ# Lddl lst ucl dlèic piur d(irhulbd lt ucl

olcnal tiugiurs sndutnbrl# Qb eblc qul cius nvics hnhcâ í

alttl nvlcturl# Qnbct Ajrysistiol n$ lc ldélt$ aiool dn prâiaau/

pntbic k(nesiukrl Kblu# Ic vibt pnr dí aiool dls ariyncals

pirtlct kls `rubts kb``ârlcts sldic dls åols iò lddls sict sloâls#

A(lst dn oçol jbstibrl$ lc kâ`bcbtbvl$ qul *Sjrysistiol lt

Nuhustbc bctlrprêtlct$ d(uc k(ucl `nèic sb pnab`bqul$ lt d(nutrl sb

trnhbqulolct# Bd c(y n rblc kl ajnchâ í dn dlttrl ku kihol lt

alplcknct aiool bd n ajnchâ kl slcs. D(bopbtiynedl dihbqul

kl d(Iaabklct klvnbt tût iu tnrk lc `nbrl sirtbr tiut al qu(bd

aictlcnbt k(nolrtuol# Qb aldn c(n pns lcairl âtâ `nbt$ a(lst qul

dls ajrâtblcs kl al aûtâ ku oickl sl sict gusqu(bab pdus iaau/

pâs kl dn oirndl ku ajrbstbncbsol qul kl sn pjbdisipjbl# Onbs

vibab qul d(uc k(lux n lctrlprbs kl kârbvlr alttl oirndl kl sls

siurals kihontbquls$ lt d(íol triuedâl k(Nuhustbc vblct ngiu/

tlr lcairl í d(åprltâ kls kâkuatbics bcâvbtnedls#

Onbs sb cius siools tioeâs sb ens qul dl aribt Nuhustbc$

ucl onbc kbvbcl sludl plut cius rldlvlr# Dn kiatrbcl kl dn hråal

lst dn subtl kl dn kiatrbcl ku pâajâ$ iu pdutût `nbt airps nvla lddl#

A(lst kncs dn duttl nvla ]ldnhl qu(Nuhustbc kâvldippn alttl

kiatrbcl lt bd lst jirs kl kiutl qu(bd `ut lctrnãcâ pnr d(nrklur

kl dn duttl í d(naalctulr# ]ldnhl âtnbt uc lsprbt rldbhblux lt oi/kârâ$ lt Nuhustbc abtl kl dub kls kâadnrntbics aiool alddl/ab$

qul « Kblu tiurcl iò bd dub pdnãt dl AH#6ur kl d(jiool *Bg ¶$ Dl

pâdnhbncbsol lst surtiut d(őuvrl kls nobs kl ]ldnhl 6onbs bd

sl `bt$ aiool a(lst d(irkbcnbrl$ dl kbsabpdl kl sls kbsabpdls# Ir kncs

dn pidâobqul kl Aődlstbus lt kl Gudblc tiut lsprbt rldbhblux kbs/

pnrnãt# Dls bkâls vblcclct ku stiéabsol 6 ic aribrnbt c(nvibr n``nbrl

qu(í kls pjbdisipjls$ lt al `ut al qub dls plrkbt$ dls qulrlddls tjâi/

*>" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Nkv# ]ld# lt Aődlst#$ B$ xxbbb#



QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC 7 [JÂIUBLQ K\ ]ÂAJÂ L[ KL DN HUÅAL# ;1>

dihbquls sl tlrobcnct dl pdus siuvlct pnr dl trbiopjl kl alux qubkloncklct í dn rnbsic dl pdus diurk snarb`bal# Dl pnpl dls aic/

knocn lt [Âhdbsl k(Irblct lddl/oçol suebt dl oit k(irkrl vlcu kl

Uiol$ uc plu âticcâl$ onbs kiabdl# ]iur alspâdnhblcs tius dls

jiools sict kncs d(âtnt iò sl triuvnbt Nkno nvnct dn ajutl$

sb al c(lst qu(uc onuvnbs lxlopdl dlur n âtâ kiccâ# Dn oirt

c(lst pns uc ajåtbolct$ onbs ucl câalssbtâ kl dn cnturl# Dn hråal

lst ucl nbkl$ onbs kict bd c(lst pns eblc priuvâ qu(ic cl pubsslsl pnsslr6 lt$ kncs tius dls ans$ lddl cius lst naairkâl sldic

cis oârbtls$ al qub rlvblct í kbrl qu(lddl sl aicìck nvla lux$ lt

lc kâ`bcbtbvl qu(lddl c(lst rblc# Iu eblc lddl lst dl piuvibr oçol

kl ajibsbr lctrl klux natbics aictrnbrls$ a(lst/í/kbrl dn dbelrtâ$

uc kic prâablux$ onbs qub c(n pns elsibc k(nutrl cio# Dn cntu/

rndbsol pâdnhblc vn gusqu(í cl pns aicknoclr sncs rlstrbatbic

dn aicaupbsalcal6 anr al slrnbt aicknoclr dn cnturl$ a(lst/í/kbrl

aicknoclr Kblu#

N alttl tjâirbl tiutl pjbdisipjbqul$ tiut jlddâcbqul$ snbct

Nuhustbc ippisl ucl ariyncal ìckâl sur kls tlxtls$ ucl

ariyncal rldbhblusl# Qnbct ]nud$ lc l``lt$ n âarbt al qub subt 7 « Uâ/

elaanlut klux guolnux kl citrl pêrldsnna# Nvnct qu(bds ùsslct

câs lt quSbds lusslct `nbt cb eblc cb ond$ n`bc qul prâvndöt al

qul Kblu nvnbt `nbt pnr ajibx$ cic lc vlrtu kl dlurs őuvrls$ onbslc vlrtu kl sic nppld$ bd ùt kbt 7 Dl prloblr câ slrn nssuglttb

í d(nutrl$ anr bd lst âarbt 7 G(nb nboâ Gnaie lt g(nb râpriuvâ Lsnbb#

Kblu `nbt obsârbairkl í qub dub ggdnãt 6 bd lckurabt qub bd dub pdnãt#

Pius ol kbtls 7 ]iurquib si pdnbct/bd ndirs9 qub plut râsbstlr í

sn vidictâ9 jiool qub ls/tu piur râpickrl í Kblu9

D(iuvrnhl `nèiccâ kbt/bd í aldub qub dl `nèiccl 7 piurquib o(ns/

tu `nbt nbcsb *>"9 ¶ Lt nbddlurs 7 « A(lst Kblu qub ipêrl lc viusdl viudibr lt dl `nbrl$ subvnct dn vidictâ qu(bd n piur vius *5"# ¶

Kl als tlxtls$ snbct Nuhustbc kâkubt ucl kiatrbcl iò dn

*>" Qnbct ]ndd$ Uio#$ BZ$ >=/5>#

*5" Qnbct ]nud$ ]jbdbpp#$ Bd$ >1#



QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC 7 [JLIUBLQ K\ ]ÂAJÂ L[ KL DN HUÅAL# ;11

alux/dí# Onbs alttl kiatrbcl n uc lcvlrs$ pubsqu(bd lc lst qul dn

hråal kbvbcl n câhdbhâs# Lt bd y nurnbt quldqul suetbdbtâ í vlcbr

kbrl bab qu(lddl c(lst piur rblc kncs dl ond qu(lddl c(lopçajl

pns# Qnbct Nuhustbc c(lst pns d(jiool kl als `nux/ùyncts#

4(lux qub cl sict pns âdus sict râpriuvâs$ iu$ sb d(ic vlut$ bd y

n kls âdus piur dl eblc lt piur dl ond# Qncs bcsbstlr sur al aûtâ

kl sn tjêsl$ snbct Nuhustbc alplcknct n âarbt al qub subt 7 « Dls

snbcts sict âdus piur râhclr nvla dl Ajrbst$ cic pns kl dn oçoloncbêrl qul ùt âdu Gukns piur d(őuvrl piur dnqulddl bd âtnbt

`nbt### Bd n âdu dls ucs piur ietlcbr sic riynuol$ bd n âdu d(nu/

trl piur vlrslr sic snch *>"# ¶ Bd y n kica kls prâklstbcâs cic

sludlolct piur dl sndut$ onbs piur dn knocntbic# Lt snbct

Nuhustbc cl dlur dnbssl lspârlr nuaucl nttâcuntbic kls plbcls

âtlrclddls *5"# Qb dub/oçol âpriuvl pnrìbs quldqul slctbolct

kl pbtbâ *1"$ bd aicsbkêrl qul a(lst ucl `nbedlssl bcaiccul kls

âdus *;"#

Ic aioprlck qu(ucl pnrlbddl kiatrbcl$ ucl ìbs onãtrlssl kl

sic lsprbt$ y nbt tiut sueirkiccâ# Kncs uc âarbt ibb bd lst alcsâ

kicclr uc nerâhâ kl dn kiatrbcl ajrâtblccl$ kncs d(âarbt aiccu

sius dl cio kl Onculd í Dnurlct$ dls kihols ku pâajâ lt kl

dn hråal iaauplct dls tribs qunrts kls ajnpbtrls# Dls nutrls

trnbtlct kl d(nuoûcl$ kl dn râsurrlatbic kl dn ajnbr lt kl d(irnb/

sic kiobcbandl# Dn ajutl lt dn hråal$ vibdí kica kâsironbs$ iu

plu s(lc `nut$ tiut dl ajrbstbncbsol$ uc ajrbstbncbsol lc klux

natls# « [iutl dn oirndl$ âarbt ]nsand$ aicsbstl lc dn aicaupbs/

alcal lt lc dn hråal *<"# ¶ D(bc`dulcal kl als kihols kiobcn/

tlurs s(lxlral sur dn pjbdisipjbl aiool sur dn tjâidihbl kl

snbct Nuhustbc# Dn rnbsic$ alttl duobêrl bctârblurl qul dl kbs/

*>" Qnbct Nviastbc$ Kl airr# lt yrnt#$ 8#

*5" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Lcajbr# nk Dnur#$ 52#

*1" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Aic`#$Zd$ <#

*;" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl abv# Klb$ BZ$ i#

*<" ]nsand$ ]lcsâls$ âkbt# Jnvlt$ t# BB$ p# ::#

\cbvlrsbtâ kl Dyic# ‛ PBBD N# 5:



;1; DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOBQBBIBQF#

a(bpdl kl ]dntic lxndtnbt$ plrk hrnkulddlolct tiut aldåt nux

ylux ku tjâidihblc ki dn ajutl# Cnhuêrl nussb tiutl d(nutirbtâ

kl dn dib oirndl dub sloednbt râsbklr kncs sn elnutâ# Kblu d(nvnbt

viudul pnral qu(lddl âtnbt elddl 6 lddl c(âtnbt pns elddl pnral qul

Kblu d(nvnbt viudul *>"# Onbs dl eic pdnbsbr kbvbc$ hrnckbssnct

kncs sic lsprbt$ vn `nbrl onbctlcnct dn vndlur kls ajisls aiool

bd `nbt dn vndlur kls çtrls# Nvnct dub$ klux lsprbts oibcs pjbdi/

sipjbquls qul dl sblc$ Dnatncal lt [lrtuddblc$ nvnblct siutlcu

dn oçol tjêsl *5"# Lddl onrqul lc l``lt uc rlcicalolctvidictnbrl í [bctlddbhlcal kls ajisls lt uc elsibc kl aribrl

ndirs oçol qul d(ic piurrnbt aioprlckrl# Cius nvics kbt$

í pripis#kl snbct Noeribsl$ aioeblc alt âtnt k(lsprbt sl

pripnhlrn#

Dn kiatrbcl kl dn hråal lchlckrn lcairl dn kiatrbcl kl

d(Lhdbsl# D(Lhdbsl oncb`lstl dn hråal kncs d(jbstibrl kl d(juoncbtâ#

Lt$ lc l``lt$ d(Lhdbsl ajrâtblccl k(ndirs$ pnr sic lxtlcsbic aribs/

snctl kncs d(lspnal$ pnr sls trnkbtbics kict dn suaalssbic

npistidbqul nppnrnbssnbt aiool d(âadntnctl lxprlssbic$ pnr sn

alctrndbsntbic qub nddnbt s(n``bronct$ `ironbt nvla dn `nbedlssl kl

pdus lc pdus oâprbsâl kl dn rnbsic bckbvbkulddl uc pubssnct aic/

trnstl# \c trnkbtbicndbsol lcairl ond kâ`bcb lst nbcsb í dn ensl

kl dn kiatrbcl kl d(Lhdbsl ajlz snbct Nuhustbc# Dn kâanklcal kl

d(lopbrl rionbc `nbsnbt lcairl rlssirtbr ucl nutirbtâ qub sludl

hrnckbssnbt qunck tiut ariudnbt nutiur k(lddl *1"# Bd cl s(nhbt kica

pns sludlolct bab kl d(Lhdbsl bcvbsbedl$ aiooucbic kls snbcts$

onbs kl d(Lhdbsl vbsbedl$ nvla sic irhncbsntbic lt sn jbârnrajbl

kict snbct Nuhustbc dub/oçol lst uc kls rlprâslctncts# Al

elsibc k(ucl nutirbtâ lxtârblurl lst aioouc nux åols pblusls#

Dn rlonrqul lst k(uc pritlstnct$ Bdnrcnaf *;"# Ngiutics qul alttl

*>" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl dbe# nre#$ >$ 1#

*5" Dnatn3/al$ Bcst# kbv#$ BBB$ >56 [lrtub#b#bfc$ Kl d(bvc\cbdbn$ BP#

*1" Al slctbolct lst eblc lxprboâ pnr snbct Noeribst/$ )9)"#$ >>#

*;" BBnucnaf$ dia# abt#$ tbntduatbic `rncènbsl$ p# 5H=#



QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC 7 [JÂIUBLQ K\ ]ÂAJÂ L[ KL DN HUÅAL# ;11

nutirbtâ râpicknbt í uc bcstbcat rionbc$ í alt bcstbcat oçolqub kiccn nu antjidbabsol sn ìrol# Lc`bc$ pdus qul tiut nutrl$

uc ncablc jârâtbqul âtnbt tlcu nu zêdl lcvlrs d(Lhdbsl$ aiool

piur lxpblr sls bc`bkâdbtâs pnssâls# Qnbct Nuhustbc s(nttnajl í

lddl k(ucl âtrlbctl k(nutnct pdus nrklctl qu(lddl lst piur dub alt

nppub qu(bd n dichtlops ajlrajâ$ lt sls rloirks sl trnkubslct

kncs d(åprltâ kls kihols qul sn ìb prâ`êrl# Bd ìck kica lc

uc slud slctbolct d(nenckic í dn kbvbcbtâ lt dn siuobssbic í

d(Lhdbsl$ ìrol pdus prâabsl k(ucl kâplckncal í dnqulddl bd nspbrl#

Dn aictrivlrsl kicntbstl d(nolcn í vibr kncs alttl Lhdbsl$

qulddl qul sibt oçol dn vndlur kls jiools qub dn rlprâslctlct$

d(irhncl kl Kblu$ dn kâpisbtnbrl boplrsicclddl kl sn hråal# ]nr

dn aâdâerntbic kls snarlolcts qub dub lst aic`ârâl$ lddl lc

klvblct dn kbsplcsntrbal# Nbcsb lddl oncb`lstl dn hråal kncs dl

pnssâ$ lt kncs dl prâslct dn kbstrbeul# Onbs cius snvics k(nutrl

pnrt qul dl spbrbtundbsol k(Nuhustbc d(lopçajn k(nttrbeulr nux

snarlolcts uc piuvibr qul cl vbvb`blrnbt pns pnr dl klkncs

d(åol qub dls rlèibt# Bds sict aiool ucl aickbtbic câalssnbrl$

onbs cic su``bsnctl ku sndut# Bd lc râsudtl qul d(Lhdbsl lddl/oçol

n kls `rictbêrls ond kâ`bcbls# Lddl lst uc airps oâdnchâ Vairpus

pb(robxtubc"# Dn vârbtnedl abtâ kl Kblu cl slrn kâdbobtâl qu(nu

giur ku klrcblr guhlolct *>"# Ondhrâ tiut d(Lhdbsl vbsbedl lst

aiool rlprâslctntbvl kl d(eShdbsl bcvbsbedl$ lt snbct Nuhustbc

lst lctrnãcâ í dls aicìckrl kncs dl audtl qu(bd rlck í d(Lhdbsl

vbsbedl# Jirs k(lddl pibct kl sndut$ pibct kl oirndbtâ cb kncs dl

prâslct cb kncs dl pnssâ# Kl dí uc lxadusbvbsol qu(naausl

d(ippisbtbic kls klux abtâs$ râobcbsalcal$ sldic Ubttlr *5"$ kl

d(ippisbtbic âtnedbl pnr dls hcistbquls lctrl dls spbrbtulds lt dls

ajnrclds$ iu pdutût lcairl kl d(nctbqul kbstbcatbic kls abtiylcs

lt kls enrenrls# A(lst lc l``lt dl vblbd lsprbt k(bctrncsbhlncal

*>" Qnbct Nfostbc$ dbl abv# Kab$ B$ (#P#T#

*5" Pibr Bdobbb$ bd\d# kl jt gbjbd# èjvatu(bcu($ jnkbbadbcc rb6bbbb7nbs*3$ B# BB#

p# 7\H#



;10 DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

pntrbitbqul qub rlpnrnãt sius ucl ìrol rldbhblusl# Lc aldn lcairl

d(Âhdbsl lst rjârbtbêrl kl d(Ltnt#

ûnct í d(Ltnt dub/oçol$ snbct Nuhustbc lc `nbt uc ieglt tba

râprientbic$ iu uc bcstruolct nu slrvbal kl d(Âhdbsl# Bd lst lc

l``lt dn aiooucnutâ sirtbl ku pâajâ$ dn siabâtâ juonbcl purl/

olct juonbcl$ lt kict d(ucbqul rlssirt lst kncs cis âhiésois#

Lc al slcs bd lst dn abtâ ippisâl í dn abtâ kl Kblu# Dn kia/

trbcl kucl hråal$ kict d(Lhdbsl n dl oicipidl$ sl triuvl nbcsb

neiutbr í ucl sirtl k(ncntjêol gltâ sur d(Âtnt dnéqul# Gnonbs

cius c(nvics âtâ nussb dibc kls bkâls nctbquls# Onbs dl pdus

siuvlct Nuhustbc$ kncs d(åol kuquld dl pntrbitbsol rionbc

lst lctrltlcu pnr kl quitbkblccls nchibssls *>"$ vibt kncs d(Âtnt

uc piuvibr ajnrhâ k(lctrltlcbr dn pnbx lt dn gustbal câalssnbrls í

d(Âhdbsl# Bd dub kiccl nussb aiool ìcatbics kl rlcvlrslr dls

bkidls lt kl rnolclr pnr dn ìral dls jârâtbquls# Lt$ dl sueirkic/

cnct í d(Âhdbsl sur al pibct$ bd lc vblct$ pnr ucl aicsâqulcaldihbqul$ í dl sueirkicclr lc tiut# Bd s(âtnbt tiut k(neirk âdlvâ

aictrl dls aicvlrsbics i``bablddls lt kâarâtâls$ cl viudnct pns

piur d(Âhdbsl kl ajrâtblcs qub cl ùsslct qul kls `nctûols kl

ajrâtblcs *5"# Al ùt lcairl lc prlcnct dl aictrl/pblk kls kicn/

tbstls$ qub piussnblct dl sarupudl gusqu(í d(jârâsbl$ qu(bd ùt

nolcâ í lc oncqulr$ lt í sl `nbrl npûtrl k(bctidârncal# Kbsics

alplcknct qul alttl bctidârncal âtnbt kncs dn dihbqul kl sic

systêol# Lddl âtnbt lc hlrol kncs dn kiatrbcl kl d(Lhdbsl qub lst

sirtbl lddl/oçol kl dn kiatrbcl kl dn hråal#

Qnbct Nuhustbc n vâau í dn kntl dn pdus pripbal piur d(lxlr/

abal k(ucl hrnckl bc`dulcal oirndl$ lt d(lopbrl rionbc sloedl

c(nvibr kurâ qul piur nttlckrl alt najêvlolct kl dn oirndl

ajrâtblccl# Cic sludlolct bd lst dl pdus hrnck$ onbs dl klrcblr

lc kntl kls ]êrls kl d(Âhdbsl# \cl sirtl kl jbntus bctlddlatuld

aioolcènct nvla dl trbiopjl kls enrenrls$ dls ajisls rlstlrict

*>" Pibr EibssbFU$ dn @bc ku pnhncbsol$ t# BB$ p# ;;2#

*5" Pibr Cfncilr$ Jbst# kl rÊbgD$ d# Bd$ p# >0:#



QÅdbC[ N\H\Q[BC 7 [JÂIUBLQ K\ ]ÂAJÂ L[ KL DN HUÅAL# ;18

aiool bd dls nurn bbxâls# Bd sl triuvl lc iutrl qul sn kiatrbclaicvlcnbt olrvlbddluslolct nu rûdl siabnd qul dls âvâclolcts

nddnblct dub kicclr í giulr# Lddl âtnbt kl cnturl í aicsidlr kls

vnbcaus$ kncs [lsprbt klsqulds lddl rlciuvldnbt í pripis alttl

aicvbatbic qu(bd lst eic k(çtrl kl alux kict dl riynuol c(lst

pns kl al oickl# Onbs surtiut lddl âtnbt oblux `nbtl qu(uc

ajrbstbncbsol pdus dbeârnd piur bopislr nu vnbcqulur uc rlsplat

oçdâ k(l``rib# Dn plur kl dn knocntbic âtnbt uc oiylc klaicvlrsbic qub aicvlcnbt í als åols rukls# A(lst nbcsb qul dn

rldbhbic kl Gâsus lc vbct í prlckrl dl tic kl dn olcnal$ lt `bt

nppld í dn tlrrlur piur bcspbrlr d(noiur#

Dn kiatrbcl kl dn hråal lut sur dls åols prbsls bckbvbkulddl/

olct k(nutrls l``lts# Onbs aioolcèics pnr kbrl alux qu(lddl

c(n pns lus$ quibqul n prbirb ic löt pu dls rlkiutlr# Lddl c(lc/

hlckrn nuauclolct dl qubâtbsol$ cb dn kbobcutbic lt aiool dn

kâobssbic kls vidictâs$ nuxqulddls lddl rltbrnbt alplcknct dlur

lopdib# A(lst prlsqul ucl dib$ quibqul aldn rlssloedl í uc

pnrnkixl$ qul dls åols dls pdus dberls sl sict rlcaictrâls ajlz

kls plcslurs qub cl ariynblct pns í dn dbelrtâ# Aiopnrlz dls

stiéablcs lt dls âpbaurblcs 7 alux/ab ict `nbt dn tjâirbl kl dn

dbelrtâ$ onbs alux/dí d(ict prntbquâl# Aioolct lxpdbqulr kl

oçol qul dn kiatrbcl ku slr` nrebtrl nbt âtâ nssiabâl í alddl kudberl lxnolc9 Aioolct lxpdbqulr qu(lddl nbt âtâ uc prbcabpl

kl râìrol lt k(n``rncajbsslolct9 Dls gncsâcbstls ict lc`bc

najlvâ kl kâoictrlr qul dl systêol k(Nuhustbc$ oçol lctlcku

kncs dl slcs dl pdus nuhustbcblc$ c(âclrvnbt pns dls vidictâs# ‛Bd `nut kica sl hnrklr kl kâabklr nvnct tiutl lxpârblcal kl

d(l``lt oirnd k(uc kihol rldbhblux iu pjbdisipjbqul6 d(jbstibrl

jius kiccl bab ucl utbdl dlèic kl oiklstbl#

Bd aicvblct k(ngiutlr tiutlìbs qul alt l``lt abbt pu çtrl kb``â/

rlct$ sb dls åols nvnblct âtâ kb``ârlctls# ûldqul pjbdisipjbl

qu(ic dlur nppirtl$ dls pipudntbics k(âkuantbic rionbcl

râpuhclct í lc kâkubrl uc noibckrbsslolct kls âclrhbls bckb/



;1: dSFQ AIC[LOd(IJÅdCQ \L QNBC[ NOEJIBQL#

vbkulddls$ ndirs qul knutrls rnals pibbbsubvlct alttl aicsâqulcal

nu kldí kl tius dls systêols# ‛ Dl qubâtbsol c(n gnonbs âtâ lc

Iaabklct ucl ondnkbl lckâobqul# Onbs bd sl `nbt lctrl dls aic/

sâqulcals pissbedls k(ucl pjbdisipjbl aiool ucl sâdlatbic$

lt alttl pjbdisipjbl s(nknptl nbcsb nu obdblu oirnd iò lddl lst

câl# Pibdí aioolct$ kncs dn tjâirbl kl dn hråal$ dls kbsabpdls

k(Nuhustbc cl pubsêrlct qul alttl ìral k(åol qul priaurl dl

slctbolct k(uc siutblc bcvbsbedl$ lt d(bddusbic k(çtrl uc bcstru/

olct kl Kblu * > "#

Kbsics lc iutrl qulalttl

aicsâqulcalâtnbt alddl

qu(Nuhustbc nvnbt viudul# Bd s(âtnbt âdlvâ kl tiutls sls ìrals

aictrl alrtnbcs oibcls qub prntbqunblct dl sipjbsol pnrlsslux$

lt sl aictlctnblct k(nttlckrl qul dn hråal ipâråt lc lux *5"#

Kl pdus$ bd c(n gnonbs riopu$ cius d(nvics kbt$ nvla dn kiatrbcl

kls oârbtls lt kls őuvrls# Bd n tlcku$ pnrdn pnrtbabpntbic nux

snarlolcts$ dl rlssirt bctârblur kl ajnqul åol6 bd n `nbt lc`bc

kl dn survlbddncal kl sib/oçol$ a(lst/í/kbrl ku aictrnbrl k(ucl

aicsablcal qub nekbqul$ uc kls trnbts kl sn vbl priprl lt kl sn

oâtjikl oirndl# Qb kica dn kiatrbcl k(Nuhustbc lc`lronbt uc

qubâtbsol dntlct$ k(nutrls prbcabpls kncs dn oçol kiatrbcl slr/

vnblct í al pibsic kl d(åol kl su``bsnct nctbkitl#

Onbs al ùt eblc lddl qub râpnckbt sur dl ajrbstbncbsol ucl

trbstlssl qul sls prâaâklcts kiatlurs dub nvnblct âpnrhcâl# Ic

c(nvnbt pns lcairl bcsbstâ í al pibct sur dn ajutl lt sur dn

rnkbandl bopubssncal kl d(juoncbtâ í sl rldlvlr pnr sls priprls

ìrals# Ic nvnbt lcslbhcâ d(juobdbtâ$ onbs ic c(nvnbt pns

lcairl kiccâ kls rnbsics k(çtrl juoedl sb priìckls qu(bd c(y

n piur nbcsb kbrl pdus kâoârbtl í d(çtrl# Ic c(nvnbt pns rlstrlbct

nvla alttl pnraboicbl dl cioerl kls âdus# Irbhêcl$ sncs dnbsslr

nuaucl `nutl bopucbl$ cl kâaiurnhlnbt plrsiccl# Qnbct Gârûol

dub/oçol viudnbt qul tius dls enptbsâs ùsslct snuvâs$ tiut lc

rlaiccnbssnct qu(bd cl`nddnbt pns dl kbrl trip jnut# Lt vibdí

*>" O# Klcbs VIrbhêcl$ gb# r352" lxprbol kls bkâls ncndihuls#

*5" Qnbct Nuhustbc$ Kl airraptbicl#



QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC 7 [\FIUBLQ K\ d(ÂA\L L[ KL DN HUÅAL# ;12

aioolct$ kncs dn prâkbantbic kl ]nud$ dls ajrâtblcs í qub lddl

s(nkrlssnbt cl vbrlct k(neirk qu(uc oitb` kl râaicìrt# Bds

âtnblct dls âdus6 dls râpriuvâs âtnblct dlurs plrsâautlurs# D(bc/

tlrprâtntbic kl alttl prâkbantbic klvnbt câalssnbrlolct ajnchlr$

dirsqul dls ajrâtblcs ùrlct í plu prês tiut dl oickl# Cic

sludlolct snbct Nuhustbc lxadut í gnonbs ku sndut tius alux

qub c(ict pibct `nbt pnrtbl kl d(Lhdbsl6 onbs$ kncs d(Lhdbsl

oçol$ bd

yn piur dub pdus k(nppldâs qul k(âdus# Aioolct$

oçol sb d(ic lst nssurâ kl `nbrl pnrtbl kl alttl bc`bol obcirbtâ$

cl pns gltlr uc rlhnrk kl kiudiurlusl pbtbâ sur tnct kl `rêrls

dnbssâs lc ajlobc9 Lt aioolct cl pns âpriuvlr quldqul

rloirks ku prbvbdêhl kict ic giubt sncs d(lxausl kl d(nvibr

oârbtâ9 Nbcsb$ oçol piur als prbvbdâhbâs$ bd c(y n pns kl eic/

jlur bab/ens# N oibcs qul dl slctbolct kl dn prâslcal kl Kblu

c(nbt âtiu``â lc lux tiutl nutrl ìrol kl dn ajnrbtâ# Qnbct

Nuhustbc$ cius d(nvics vu$ prçtl í sls âdus alt âhiésol trncs/

alcknct6 onbs sb$ kês alttl tlrrl$ bds lc prlcnblct dl pdb$ bds

kâpnsslrnblct dn olsurl lt sl rlckrnblct bckbhcls kl alttl eântb/

tukl qul cl plut oçol pdus lctnolr dn siu``rncal k(nutrub# >>

`nut kica qu(bds siblct trbstls#

Onbs k(iò plut vlcbr$ oçol nux olbddlurs$ quldqul sâaurbtâ

nu suglt kl dlur priprl sndut9 Qb Kblu kncs sn gustbal cl ciuskibt í tius qul dn knocntbic$ citrl aicsablcal$ sb purl sibt/lddl$

cl plut çtrl uc hnhl k(âdlatbic 6 lt k(nbddlurs$ í aribrl qu(lddl lc

lst uc$ lddl plrkrnbt quldqul ajisl kl alttl purltâ# Bd `nut qul

cius slctbics dn priìcklur kl citrl obsêrl# Giubr pdlbclolct

k(ucl eiccl natbic nppnrnãt kês dirs aiool uc iuedb ku pâajâ

lt aiool ucl i``lcsl í Kblu# Dn pbâtâ suppisl ucl juobdbtâ

tiugiurs bcqubêtl6

lt dl sarupudl klvblct dn ìrol iedbhâl kl dn

vbl oirndl#

Kncs quldquls åols lcò$ dls oibcs `rbvidls$ kncs dls

åols qul dls n``nbrls kl ajnqul giur c(lopçajlct pibct kl

plcslr$ alttl qulstbic 7 Qlrnb/gl snuvâ 9 klvblct ucl pibhcnctl



;;= DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL#

ieslssbic# Qb d(ic lst plrsunkâ qul [ic plut quldqul ajisl piur

sic sndut$ d(ncxbâtâ priviqul d(l`ìrt$ qub ajnssl d(ncxbâtâ# Onbsdn kiatrbcl kl dn prâklstbcntbic n kâpiubddâ d(l`ìrt kl alttl vlrtu

eblc`nbsnctl 6 lt cius rlstics lc `nal ku priedêol kl citrl kls/

tbcâl$ nvla alttl nchibssl kl dl snvibr râsidu$ lt kl cl snvibr

aioolct# ‛ Bd cl pnrnãt pns qul snbct Nuhustbc nbt slctb plr/

sicclddlolct alttl nchibssl 6 lt bd `nut nddlr gusqu(í dn râìrol

lt gusqu(nu gncsâcbsol piur nssbstlr í als suppdbals k(åols

tiugiurs « lc arnbctl lt lc trloedlolct *>" ¶$ kict dl dbvrl kls

]lcsâls cius kiccl d(nkobrnedl lt kiudiurlux splatnadl# Al c(lc

lst pns oibcs dn kiatrbcl kl dn hråal qub `bt tnrkbvlolct als

nustêrls vbatbols# D(åol kl ]nsand klsalck lc dbhcl kbrlatl kl

alddl k(Nuhustbc$ lt kls trnbts aiooucs cl oncqulrnblct pns

qub cius plrolttrnblct kl piusslr pdus dibc lctrl als klux hrncks

ajrâtblcs dl rnppriajlolct qub kâgí pdusblurs ìbs s(lst prâslctâ

í citrl lsprbt#

Qb cius cius siuvlcics kl al qul snbct Noeribsl n plcsâ ku

pâajâ$ kl dn ajnbr$ kl dn hråal$ quibqul als ipbcbics cl ìrolct

pns ajlz dub uc airps kl kiatrbcl$ bd cius nppnrnãtrn aiool dl

onãtrl booâkbnt k(Nuhustbc# Qnbct Nuhustbc dl rlaiccnãt aiool

tld 6 lt$ eblc qul sic irbhbcndbtâ tjâidihbqul kâknbhcl k(irkbcnbrl

dls abtntbics lt rloictl nux siurals oçol kl dn ìb$ bd nbol í

sl aiuvrbr kl dn hrnckl nutirbtâ kl aldub qub nvnbt prâsbkâ í

sn aicvlrsbic# Qnbct Nuhustbc c(lst kica pns uc civntlur 6

onbs bd aictbcul$ lc d(naalctunct$ ucl trnkbtbic$ lt a(lst kl

snbct Noeribsl qu(bd d(n rlèul# Qb sn plcsâl lst tiutl pdlbcl

kl alddl kl ]jbdic $ a(lst lcairl snbct Noeribsl qub d(n

nkrlssâ kl al aûtâ6 lt a(lst kl dn eiuajl kl snbct Noeribsl$

cius d(nvics vu$qul kls priaâkâs k(lxâhêsl$ rlciuvldâs

kl ]jbdic$ vbcrlct í eiut kls klrcbêrls râsbstncals kl sic

lsprbt pjbdisipjbqul# Kâgí kica snbct Noeribsl rlprâslctl í

{b"]fbdbgyp#$ Bd$ >5#



QNBC[ N\H\Q[BC 7 [JÂIUBLQ K\ ]ÂAJÂ L[ KL DN HJÍAL# ;;>

alrtnbcs âhnrks dn syctjêsl kl d(lsprbt irblctnd lt kl d(lsprbt dntbc#

[iutl`ibs bd lst surtiut rlstâ uc Dntbc# Qic onãtrl kl pjbdisi/

pjbl lst Abaaric 6 bd sl aictlctl kl plu lc `nbt kl pjbdisipjbl#

Abaâric n lu nussb sur snbct Nuhustbc$ aiool sur tiutl alttl

hâcârntbic kl snbcts$ sn pnrt k(bct\blcal qul cius nvics kâarbtl

nbddlurs# Onbs sic vrnb onãtrl í dub lst ]dntic# A(lst ]dntic$ al

sict dls kbsabpdls kl ]dntic qub d(ict nbkâ í sirtbr ku oncb/

ajâbsol# Lctrl dl rjâtlur jârâtbqul lddl tjâidihblc kl dn hråalbd y lut pdnal$ kncs sn vbl bctlddlatulddl$ piur uc pjbdisipjl pdn/

ticbablc# ]dnticbablc bd lst tiugiurs rlstâ lc tnct qul pjbdi/

sipjl# Bd lst$ ondhrâ quldquls kâknbcs lxprbols$ pdus âprbs qul

dn oiylccl kls plcslurs dntbcs kl dn rnbsic lt kl dn vârbtâ$

pdus âprbs kl d(ucbtâ$ kl d(jnroicbl kls ajisls$ kl dn elnutâ ku

oickl lt kl dn elnutâ kl Kblu# ^uldquls ieglatbics qu(bd nkrlssl

nu pdnticbsol$ bd dl aicsbkêrl lcairl í dn `bc kl sn vbl aiooldn pdus rldbhblusl$ dn pdus ajrâtblccl kls pjbdisipjbls *>"# Qb dl

stiéabsol$ pnr sic anrnatêrl prntbqul$pnr sic kihol tiut oirnd

kl dn ]rivbklcal$ nvnbt âtâ dn kiatrbcl nvla dnqulddl dls prloblrs

]êrls kl d(Lhdbsl dntbcl s(âtnblct slctb dl pdus k(n``bcbtâ$ snbct Nu/

hustbc onrqul kica uc rltiur nu pdnticbsol kls ]êrls hrlas$

lt$ ku oçol aiup$ ucl rlcnbssncal kl dn spâaudntbic7 Qn plcsâl

slrn ucl râsudtnctl kl dn spâaudntbic hrlaqul lt kl dn rbhulurdntbcl#

Cibbs nvics kâgí kbt kl ]dntic qu(bd lst bctlddlatulddlolct

aiool í ob/ajlobc lctrl d(Irblct lt d(Iaabklct 6 onbs snbct Nu/

hustbc n kâpnssâ ]dntic ku aûtâ kl d(Irblct# Bd lst nddâ gusqu(nux

Ndlxnckrbcs$ lt$ nu kldí oçol k(Irbhûcl$ gusqu(í ]jbdic# Bd y

lst nddâ¶ dn subtl kl snbct Noeribsl$ cius vlcics kl dl kbrl6

onbs$ tnckbs qul snbct Noeribsl$ oblux kâ`lcku pnr dl tiur

oçol kl sic lsprbt$ cl dlur prbt huêrl qu(ucl oâtjikl k(bctlr/

prâtntbic kls tlxtls$ snbct Nu|Sustbc dlur kibt kls priedêols lt

*>" Qnbct Nuhdstbc$ Kl aba Kab$ Pddd#



;;5 DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NO\JIBQL#

oçol kls sidutbics# Qn pjbdisipjbl rlssloedl í alddl k(Irbhêca

pnr dl priedêol siudlvâ$ aldub kl dn dbelrtâ$ quibqu(lddl lc kb`/

`êrl pnr dn sidutbic# Onbs dls sidutbics$ kbrbics/cius vidictblrs$

ìct oibcs dn rlssloedncal kls kiatrbcls qul dn cnturl oçolkls priedêols# K(nbddlurs ]jbdic$ nvnct snbct Nuhustbc$ nvnbt

aicadu dub nussb í d(bopubssncal kl d(jiool# Gd nvnbt oçol$ al

qu(Nuhustbc lst dibc k(nkolttrl$ `nbt kl d(neidbtbic kl dn aics/

ablcal bckbvbkulddl dn aickbtbic kês bab/ens k(ucl vbl olbddlurl#

Bd prâslctl nbcsb aiool d(lxlopdnbrl najlvâ kl al oystbabsolirblctnd qub pâcâtrlrn lc pripirtbics vnrbâls kncs dl ajrbstbn/

cbsol$ sldic dls tlops$ sldic dls pnys lt sldic dls lsprbts#

Qnbct Nuhustbc lst pdus prês kl al oystbabsol$ bd lst pdus prês

kl ]jbdic qul snbct Noeribsl# Lc al slcs lt lc k(nutrls a(lst

uc rânatbiccnbrl# C(nvnbt/bd pns dub/oçol kncs dl snch quldqul

ajisl kl d(Irblct9 Bd âtnbt câ sius dl sidlbd kl Anrtjnhl# D(jâ/

râsbl oncbajâlccl$ qub d(nvnbt sb dichtlops sâkubt$ lst ucl jâ/

râsbl irblctndl# Onbs kl snbct Gârûol dub/oçol$ qub âtnbt nddâ

ajlrajlr sls bcspbrntbics sur dls eirks ku Giurknbc$ cl piurrnbt/

ic kbrl nussb qul dn plcsâl n prbs aiool ucl tlbctl irblctndl * > " 9

‛ Qb eblc qul kl tius dls ]êrls kl d(Âhdbsl dntbcl snbct Noeribsl

lst lc kâ`bcbtbvl dl pdus vrnbolct dntbc# Kncs sic őuvrl$ kict dls

âdâolcts sict aiopdlxls$ a(lst d(bobtntbic kl Abaâric qub rlstl

dl trnbt anrnatârbstbqul# Dl oicnajbsol lt dn tjâidihbl sablctb/

`bqul$ qub vblcclct k(Irblct$ sl kâvldipplct kncs d(Iaabklct í dn

`bc ku bv½ sbêadl# Qnbct Gârûol ùt d(npûtrl kl al oicnajbsol6

snbct Nuhustbc ùt d(iuvrblr kl alttl tjâidihbl# Qnbct Noeribsl$

kncs dn aiddneirntbic kl als tribs hrncks lsprbts í dn ìrontbic

kl dn aicsablcal kls sbêadls subvncts$ klolurl dl rlprâslctnct

kl dn trnkbtbic adnssbqul lt kl d(lsprbt rionbc#

*>" \cl bkâl ncndihul$ í pripis kl snbct Nuhustbc lt kl snbct Gârûol$ lst

lxprboâl í klux rlprbsls pnr O# Pbddlonbc$ *ia abt#$ p# :2 lt 1;>#



AICAD\QBIC

Aiool tribs âkbtbics suaalssbvls k(ucl oçol őuvrl ict pnssâ

sius cis ylux kncs aldtl âtukl# \c oûol trnbtâ Kls KlvibrsS

rlvu lt airrbhâ pnr dl tlops lt dls prihrês kl dn aicsablcal ju/

onbcl$ onbctblct sur alrtnbcs pibcts ucl trnkbtbic `bxl$ klpubs

dls dlatlurs kl ]ncâdbus gusqu(í als dlatlurs kl snbct Noeribsl

qul cius nvics vus s(âajldicclr kncs tiut dl oiylc åhl# Qb a(lst

trip kl kbrl qu(bd dn onbctblct$ ku oibcs bd d(lxprbol aiool ucsyoeidl# Anr bd lst pissbedl qul d(naairk lctrl dls tribs dbvrls

qul cius nvics rnppriajâs tblccl nutnct nu ìck aioouc kl

dn cnturl juonbcl$ qub sl rl`dêtl lc lux$ qu(í ucl bobtntbic aic/

tbchlctl$ lt qul alttl bobtntbic nbt âtâ bab ucl aicsâqulcal pdu/

tût qu(uc prbcabpl# Cius c(lc tlcics pns oibcs uc kl als `bds

qub rldblct$ í trnvlrs dls râvidutbics$ dls abvbdbsntbics lt dls aics/

ablcals# Nbcsb dl stiéabsol n d(jicclur k(nvibr ìroudâ alrtnbcls

vârbtâs nuxqulddls dl ajrbstbncbsol lc n ngiutâ k(nutrls$ onbs

qu(bd n rlsplatâls lt pripnhâls# ûldqul ajisl ku ajrbstbncbsol

dub lst pnr dí nctârblur$ lt bd cl obt k(neirk nuaucl onuvnbsl

hråal í dl rlaiccnãtrl# Al quldqul ajisl$ a(lst tiut al qul cius

kâsbhcics pnr dl tlrol kl adnssbqul$ a(lst dl audtl kl dn rnbsic

lt kl tiut al qub lst ìckâ sur lddl# Al kurnedl lsprbt adnssbqul

cius vblct kl dn Hrêal$ kl dn Hrêal n``rncajbl kl sls rldbhbics

diandls$ lt nynct rândbsâ$ plcknct quldquls hâcârntbics$ uc kls

typls k(juoncbtâ dls pdus naaiopdbs qub siblct kncs dl pnssâ#

*3l c(lst pns sludlolct dn plcsâl qub rldêvl kl dn rnbsic piur

dls Hrlas$ onbs d(natbic# Bds bkândbsêrlct dn cnturl juonbcl$ lc



;;; AICAD\QBIC#

prlcnct lc lddl al qu(bd y n kl aioouc í tius lt k(lsslctbld 6 lt

kl aldtl cnturl aiooucl bds `brlct uc oikêdl í onbctlcbr iu

í rltriuvlr kncs ajnauc# Bds oâprbsêrlct als naabklcts$ dls

pnssbics$ lt âdlvêrlct nu/klssus ku tlops lt kls pnrtbaudnrbtâs

bckbvbkulddls dls prbcabpls kl dn aickubtl# A(lst kl als jnutlurs

qu(bds kârbvêrlct dlur ìral oirndl# ]ubs bds s(jnebtuêrlct n

ajlrajlr kncs dn pnrtbabpntbic í alttl vbl vrnbolct juonbcl

tiutl dn vndlur kl d(jiool# Dl klkncs kl ajnauc naqubt uc

prbx bc`bcb# Dn aicsablcal ùt ìckâl$ quibqu(bd c(y nbt pns lcairl

kl oit piur dn cioolr$ dn aicsablcal qub klvbct pdus tnrk dl

rlssirt kl ciedls nttbtukls lt kl oådls râsbstncals# [iutlìbs dls

Hrlas c(lc`lroêrlct gnonbs dlur bkând kncs dls dbobtls k(ucl

aicsablcal bckbvbkulddl6 sludl ucl siabâtâ râhbl pnr dn rnbsic

lxprbol í dlurs ylux tiutl dn plr`latbic juonbcl# Aiool uc

siuvlcbr kl dn abtâ nctbqul pdncl nbcsb sur dn abtâ kl Wlcic lt

pdnclrn lcairl suralddl

k(Nuhustbc# Dn vlrtutlddl

qul dls Hrlasdn rçvêrlct lt dn prntbquêrlct lst natbvl lt rnyiccnctl# Lddl lst

`nbtl kl rnbsic$ onbs k(ucl rnbsic qub c(lst qul dn cnturl kâenr/

rnssâl kl sls lctrnvls# Lddl bhcirl d(lxtnsl lt dn oirtb`bantbic#

Dn vbl siabndl lst dl obdblu iò lddl s(âpnciubt#

Lc sic jicclur dls Hrlas ict obs lcglu tiutls dls rlssiurals

juonbcls# Al plupdl nrtbstl `bt kl dn vlrtu d(nrt pnr lxalddlcal#

Ajlz dub ic ùt jiccçtl jiool pnr hiöt lt pnr âdâhncal# D(jic/

cçtltâ y ùt nussb nd[nbrl kl snvibr lt k(npprlctbssnhl# Qablcal lt

aicsablcal$ kict dl kbviral lst ajisl oiklrcl$ sict ndirs lxprls/

sâolct ucbls# Dn vlrtu lst nbcsb d(natl kl tiutls dls pubssncals

kl d(jiool# Dn hdibrl$ alttl booirtndbtâ tlrrlstrl$ lst lcairl

ucl bcvlctbic kl dn Hrêal *>" lt$ hråal í alttl bcvlctbic$ dn vbl

natulddl lst sueirkiccâl lt dls bctârçts aictbchlcts guhâs k(uc

pibct kl vul pdus âdlvâ# Q(bds c(bcvlctêrlct pns d(nobtbâ$ dls

Hrlas dn audtbvêrlct aiool nvla dl klsslbc nrrçtâ kl tbrlr k(lddl

*>" A`# Ulcnc$ Kbsaiurs í d(Nssuabntbic piur Plcaiurnhlolct kls âtukls hrlaquls$

>:25#



AICAD\QBIbC# ;;/<

tiut al qu(lddl aictblct k(lsslcal oirndl lt k(lxqubsls giubs/

sncals# Dí lst uc kls trnbts aiooucs kl tius dlurs systêols

oirnux# Onbs dn vlrtu hrlaqul sl pnssn ku slaiurs kl Kblu#

A(lst lddl qub lst kbvbcl$ lt dl vârbtnedl kblu kls Hrlas lst d(jiool

pdlbclolct jiool# Ku oibcs dn dbobtl lst/lddl ond trnaâl qub

sâpnrl dls jiools kls kblux#

Onbs sb dn rnbsic lst âhndlolct kâpnrtbl í tius$ pnr alttl pnrt

kl kbvbcbtâ$ pnr al ìck bklctbqul tius sict âhnux# Kl dn rnb/

sic nbcsb cnqubrlct dn gustbal lt dl kribt# ûldqul ajisl kl

olbddlur lc cnqubt lcairl 7 dn `rntlrcbtâ# D(jârbtnhl pnrtnhâ

lctrl tius `bt kl tius ucl oçol `nobddl$ lt alttl bkâl kbobcun

dl pibks kls bcbqubtâs juonbcls *>" lc nttlcknct qu(lddl nbkåt í

kbobculr als bcbqubtâs lddls/oçols# Dn abtâ nctbqul s(âdnrhbt6

dls `rictbêrls kl tiutls sirtls kbspnrnbsslct6 dls enrenrls lt dls

lsadnvls sict nppldâs `rêrls$ nu oibcs kncs dls dbvrls# Alttl `rn/

tlrcbtâ tjâirbqul âtnbt nu oibcs uc aioolcalolct# Dls Hrlas

arurlct í dn rnbsic gusqu(í dub kicclr í hiuvlrclr dl oickl

aiool dls Ltnts# Dn ]rivbklcal lst piur lux uc nutrl cio kl dn

rnbsic lt kl dn gustbal$ lt aldn lcairl âtnbt uc aioolcalolct#

Onbs tiutls als ciedls kiatrbcls slrnblct rlstâls kncs dl

kionbcl kl dn spâaudntbic$ sb kls Hrlas í d(lsprbt siupdl$ aiool

]ncâtbus$ c(nvnblct prbs í tåajl k(lc kâkubrl kls rêhdls kl vbl# ]nr

lux quldqul ajisl kl alt bkând kl rnbsic$ kl gustbal lt kl `rntlrcbtâ

klsalckbt kncs dn oirndl prntbqul$ lt kl alddl/ab kncs dls oőurs#

D(âadnt ku kihol stiéablc nppnrnãt kbobcuâ qunck bd lst râ`rnatâ

í trnvlrs dls obddl `nalttls kls iedbhntbics quitbkblccls# Onbs

a(lst pnr alttl oudtbpdbantbic kl sls aicsâqulcals qu(uc prbcabpl

klvblct `âaick$ lt dls ]ncâtbus najêvlct d(őuvrl kls Wlcic#

[iutlìbs a(âtnbt nux Uionbcs$ lc oirndl aiool lc tiut$

qu(bd klvnbt nppnrtlcbr kl trncsolttrl í d(Iaabklct dls dlèics kl

dn Hrêal# Lt als dlèics trncsobsls pnr lux lurlct pdus k(nuti/

*>" D(l``lt aictrnbrl sl b"ri*dubrn pjbs tnrk$ lt dl slctbolct k(ucl âhndbtâ

kl kribt rlckrn dls bcâhndbtâs kl `nbt pdus bctidârnedls#



;;0 AICAD\QBIC#

rddû lt kl rltlctbsslolct# Dls Uionbcs sict uc plupdl dâhbs/dntlur lt rldbhblux# Dls dibs oirndls pnrtbabpêrlct ajlz lux nu

rlsplat qul tiutl dib dlur bcspbrnbt# ûldquls/ucls$ lctrl alddls

qu(ic dlur nppirtnbt$ râpicknblct lc iutrl í dlurs slarlts bcs/

tbcats 7 bds nvnblct tiugiurs nboâ d(irkrl$ dn rêhdl$ dn eblcsâncal6

bds nvnblct tiugiurs rlsplatâ nu oibcs dls syoeidls lxtârblurs

ku kribt# Bds lc bctlrprâtêrlct k(nutrls í dlur `nèic lt lurlct

d(nrt kl tbrlr k(uc dbvrl hrla kls dlèics kl pntrbitbsol rionbc#

[iugiurs bds dlur kiccêrlct pdus kl prâabsbic$ anr a(âtnblct kls

hlcs ìrondbstls# Dlur lcslbhclolct prbt lc`bc uc naalct pdus

rldbhblux6 lt$ nu ùr lt í olsurl qu(bds s(n``rncajbsslct kl dlurs

oikêdls hrlas$ quldquls âdâolcts rldbhblux s(y oçdlct lc l``lt#

‛ Qb `bkêdls kbsabpdls qu(bds nblct âtâ$ dls Uionbcs ict kica

ngiutâ dlur tlopârnolct priprl í dn oirndl hrlaqul$ lt dub

ict kiccâ pnr dí dls qundbtâs qub ìct kurlr#

Lc oçol tlops$ bds dn rlcknblct pdus priprl í s(bcairpirlr

kncs dn rldbhbic qub nddnbt aicquârbr dl oickl$ lt í plrpâtulr

nbcsb$ nu kldí kl dn pdus hrnckl râvidutbic oirndl qul d(Iaab/

klct nbt trnvlrsâl$ dn trnkbtbic adnssbqul# Al qul dl ajrbstbncbsol

ngiutl í alttl trnkbtbic tiut lc dn rlaulbddnct$ cius d(nvics kbt

dichulolct# >> juobdbn aldtl juoncbtâ qu(lxndtnbt sn ìb kncs

dn rnbsic# Onbs plut/çtrl dn kâoicstrntbic kl dn obsêrl kl

d(jiool prlcnbt/lddl uc slcs k(nutnct pdus priìck qu(lddlsuaaâknbt í alddl kl sn hrncklur# Kl oçol dl kihol pjbdisi/

pjbqul kl d(âhndbtâ ìcabêrl kl tius dls jiools sloednbt nvibr

âtâ âdnedb í tlops piur kâdbvrlr dl slctbolct kl dn ajnrbtâ

k(ieglatbics qub lc lusslct rndlctb d(lssir# A(âtnbt lc`bc dn oi/

rndl bckâplcknctl kncs tiutl sn plr`latbic qul dl stiéabsol

nvnbt lsqubssâl$ oirndl kict dls klrcblrs stiéablcs nvnblct

kâgí plbcl í sl aictlctlr# Bd âtnbt utbdl nu ajrbstbncbsol qul

d(âprluvl lc löt âtâ `nbtl# \cbr dn oirndl lt dn rldbhbic$ `nbrl

tiut kâplckrl kncs dn aickubtl kl dn plcsâl kl Kblu lt kl

d(noiur kl Kblu$ vibdí lc l``lt d(lsslcal kl sn râìrol oirndl#



AICAD\QBIC# ;;8

Oçol qunck dls klvibrs rlsdlcdbklbbdb*|bbls dlur pûdl lst ajnchâ#D(âkbtbic ajrâtblccl qul snbct Noeribsl kiccn ku trnbtâ Kl#S

Klvibrs eiudlvlrsn kica kl `ick lc aioedl d(lcslbhclolct

prbobtb`# Lddl dl suppisl alplcknct$ lt$ piur ucl pnrt$ lst dl

râsudtnt k(ucl âvidutbic cnturlddl# Kl pdus lddl cl dl supprbol

pns$ onbs slrt í sic tiur$ sncs dl viudibr$ í lc pridichlr d(bc/

`dbblcal# Cius nvics kâgí kbt tiut aldn$ onbs bd `nddnbt dl rlkbrl

piur dnbsslr sur alttl boprlssbic dl dlatlur qu(í `iral kl viu/

dibr dl rlcslbhclr sur tiutls dls kbrlatbics k(bkâls qub sl sict

aribsâls nvla alddl qul cius subvbics cius nvics plut/çtrl âhnrâ#

A(lst al trâsir kl rnbsic prntbqul qub$ lctrl dn Hrêal$ Uiol lt

cius$ olt pdus kl pnrlctâ qul dl snch c(lc snurnbt olttrl$

kict cius nvics surtiut viudu oictrlr dn trncsobssbic#

BB

Bonhbcics onbctlcnct qu(bd nrrbvl í dn plcsâl kl quldqul

oirndbstl aictlopirnbc kl kicclr ucl âkbtbic ciuvlddl$ np/

priprbâl í cis bkâls$ kl al dbvrl booirtld$ dl Kl I``babbs 6 kl/

onckics/cius lc plu kl oits al qu(lddl slrnbt lt al qu(lddl cl

slrnbt pns# ‛ \cl prlobêrl rlssloedncal lctrl al trnbtâ kls

klvibrs aictlopirnbc lt aldub kl Abaâric aicsbstlrnbt kncs dl

tic oûol oibcs bopârblux$ oibcs nrklct$ oibcs npistidbqul

qul aldub kl snbct Noeribsl# Cius nvics kl eiccls rnbsics

piur cl pns âdlvlr dn vibx$ lt citrl tic sl rlsslct kl d(jâsbtn/

tbic kl cis kiatrbcls# Cius cl siools pdus k(naairk lc l``lt

qul sur kls vlrtus kl gustl obdblu$ lt al c(lst pns al hlcrl kl

vlrtu qub k(irkbcnbrl priviqul d(lctjiusbnsol# Kncs dn aio/

pisbtbic kl d(jiccçtl jiool k(nugiurk(jub bd lctrl surtiut kls

qundbtâs kl tnat$ kl olsurl$ kl eic hiöt qul c(lusslct kâsn/

viuâls cb ]ncâtbus cb sic kbsabpdl rionbc# Qlrbics/cius kica$

ku oibcs piur d(nddurl hâcârndl kl dn aickubtl$ pdus prês k(lux

qul kl snbct Noeribsl 9 Citrl tlopârnolct oirnd c(n/d/bd pns



;;: AICAD\QBIC#

pdus k(ncndihbl nvla aldub kl Hbaâric lt kl sls dlatlurs qu(nvla

aldub kls `bkêdls qub sl prlssnblct nutiur kl dn ajnbrl âpbsai/

pndl kl Obdnc9 ‛ K(nutrls ìrols kl dn oçol qulstbic vict

rlpnrnãtrl kncs als pnhls$ í pripis kl dn cnturl oûol kls iedb/

hntbics lt kls ariyncals oirndls#

[iutl ucl pnrtbl kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl lst rlstâl$ cius

d(nvics vu$ lc kljirs kls I``bals kl snbct Noeribsl$ sibt qul

dls ankrls abaâricblcs c(nblct pns âtâ nsslz dnrhls piur dn aic/

tlcbr$ sibt qul alrtnbcs nrtbadls kl ìb$ lsslctblds abcqunctl ncs

pdus tnrk$ c(nblct pns lcairl âtâ tlds nux ylux kl snbct Noeribsl#

Al sict alux/dí qul citrl oirndbstl oiklrcl câhdbhlrnbt nussb

dl pdus vidictblrs$ s(bd cl dls aictrlkbsnbt pns# A(lst tiut k(neirk

dn aicalptbic nuhustbcblccl kl d(Lhdbsl# Kncs sic slcs strbat$

lddl lst nux nctbpikls kl citrl aicsablcal oiklrcl# A(lst ucl

vrnbl ariyncal rldbhblusl ajlz cius qul dn ariyncal í d(ucbtâ

oirndl ku hlcrl juonbc lt í dn pissbebdbtâ ku oârbtl piur tius#Cb dn pntrbl cb dn rldbhbic cl krlsslct nugiurk(jub kl als enr/

rbêrls nu kldí klsqulddls ic sl oâaiccnãt vidictnbrlolct#

Cius nkolttics qu(ic pubssl três sbcaêrlolct cl pns aribrl al

qul cius ariyics# Cius nkolttics qu(lc kljirs kl citrl audtl

bd pubssl y nvibr kls jiccçtls hlcs lt oçol kls snbcts# D(Lhdbsl

vârbtnedl piur cius lst alddl qub aioprlckrnbt tiutls dls

eiccls vidictâs$ k(iò qu(lddls vblcclct lt qulddl qul sibt dlur

âtbqulttl aic`lssbicclddl# Dls ariyncts lux/oçols c(ict pdus

dl aiurnhl nugiurk(jub kl rlùslr dlur pnrt kl sndut nux vlrtus

qub sl rlcaictrlct kncs k(nutrls rnchs qul dls dlurs$ lt bds sl

râgiubsslct qunck bds triuvlct quldqul tlxtl qub dls nutirbsl

í `nbrl dlur pnrnkbs jispbtndblr# \c antjidbqul âarbvnbt râalo/

olct qul dls pritlstncts pblux ìct pnrtbl kl d(åol kl d(Lhdbsl$

tnckbs qul dls antjidbquls oicknbcs nppnrtblcclct í sic airps

sludlolct *>"# Citrl tlops n vu alttl ajisl três elddl$ uc aic/

VT" Pibr \cbic piur Pnatbic oirndl$ dbb nvrbd >:2;$ p# ;8=#



AICAD\QBIC# ;;=

hrês kl rldbhbics$ lt bd n lctlcku$ nu dblu kl outuldsncntjêols$

kls pnridls kl pnbx lt k(ucbic âajnchâls lctrl dlurs kb``ârlcts

obcbstrls# Qb dn tidârncal$ oûol prçajâl pnr kls bcarâkudls$ lst

piur cius uc kihol vârbtnedl$ kl quld anrnatêrl pdus âdlvâ c(lst

pns alttl tidârncal râabpriqul kl ariyncals rbvndls$ qub cl pri/

aêkl pns kl d(bckb``ârlcal onbs ku rlsplat kl d(åol$ lt kl alttl

aicvbatbic qul tiutl ariyncal n uc prbx bc`bcb9 ]iur nvibr

kiccâ cnbssncal í al slctbolct$citrl tlops oârbtl qu(ic dl

kâ`lckl aictrl alux qub d(nttnqulct#

Dn kiatrbcl kl dn hråal$ oibcs `rncajlolct kâdnbssâl qul

alddl kl d(JdhJsl$ cl tblct pns elnuaiup pdus kl pdnal kncs dls

aicsablcals oiklrcls# Alux qub d(naalptlct pnr lsprbt kl siu/

obssbic dn dnbsslct kirobr kncs uc aibc kl dlur åol$ aioolâtrnchêrl nu rlstl kl dlur çtrl oirnd# Bd y n nbcsb tlddl `nèic

kl aribrl iòbd

c(lctrl vrnbolct qul d(bctlctbic# Dls åolspblusls aictbculct lcairl k(bcviqulr dl slaiurs kl Kblu piur

dlur kâebdl vlrtu$ onbs lddls âvbtlct kl pjbdisipjlr sur dn `nèic

kict bd plut dlur çtrl naairkâ# Lddls âvbtlct surtiut kl sl dnbs/

slr lctrnãclr pnr dn dihbqul gusqu(í siudlvlr dl priedêol kl dn

prâklstbcntbic# D(Lhdbsl lddl/oçol$ kncs dn dbobtl ku kihol$

nttâcul sls `iroudls lt$ dí iò dl kihol cl dn aictrnbct

pns$ bcadbcl vlrs kls kiatrbcls qub rlssloedlct `irt í alddls kl]ldnhl# A(lst nbcsb qul kls onãtrls ajrâtblcs lcslbhclct lc

pjbdisipjbl dn siuvlrnbcltâ kl d(nrebtrl juonbc kict bds ict

aic`lssâ lc tjâidihbl d(bcaurnedl `nbedlssl6 lt d(jârâsbl aicsbstl

nugiurk(jub í cl pns aribrl í dn dbelrtâ pdutût qu(í trip yaribrl# [nckbs qu(Nuhustbc sl pdnbsnbt í vbidlctlr cnturl lt

rnbsic$ ic `nbt nugiurk(jub oçol lc tjâidihbl kls âaiciobls

kl surcnturld#Dn ariyncal í dn trncsobssbic ku pâajâ ajiqul oibcs alt

bcstbcat k(âaiciobl lt citrl rntbicndbsol *anr lddl triuvlrnbt

kl eiccls rnbsics pjbdisipjbquls$ sablctb`bquls oçol í `nbrl

vndibr" qu(ucl sirtl kl cnturndbsol nvluhdl lt suplrstbtblux kict

\cbvlrsbtâ kl Dyic# ‛ PBBB# N# 52



;<= AICAD\QBIC#

ddiusslnu n âtâ [npûdrl# Dn kâoiarntbl$ dl prihrês$ d(lc`ncal

sict nvla dn cnturl d(ieglt kl als suplrstbtbics k(nugiurk(jub qub

sl râsuolct kncs dn ariyncal í dn eictâ irbhbclddl kl d(jiool *> "#

Qncs kiutl dn kâoiarntbl lst dn hnrnctbl câalssnbrl kl dn gustbal

siabndl lt aiool ucl ìrol kl dn dbelrtâ 6 onbs c(y n/t/bd pns

nu ìck kl citrl ìb kâoiarntbqul quldqul ajisl kl pdus$ í

snvibr alttl bddusbic qu(bd su``bt kl prlckrl ucl oiylccl kls

vidictâs juonbcls piur qul alttl oiylccl lxprbol câalssnb/

rlolct dn vârbtâ lt dn rnbsic 9 Kl oûol a(lst prlsqul uc klvibrkl aribrl nu prihrês$ nsslz ku oibcs piur y trnvnbddlr 6 onbs iãg

dn suplrstbtbic aioolcal$ a(lst dirsqu(icaribt í dn plr`latbebdbtâ

câalssnbrl lt bckâ`bcbl kl citrl cnturl$ aiool sb sn eictâ cntbvl

âtnbt kl ìral í râsbstlr í tiutls cis `nutls$ lt aiool sb dl eblc

klvnbt tiugiurs d(lopirtlr sur dl ond# Bd c(y n pns tiutlìbs

k(bkidåtrbl aiopnrnedl í alddl qub s(nkrlssl í d(lc`ncal# D(lc`nct

lst d(bkidl í dn oikl# Dn rldbhbic lddl/oçol n sueb alttl oikl$

lt dl audtl kl d(lc`nct Gâsus lst klvlcu dn ìrol prâ`ârâl ku

audtl qul cius klvics í Kblu# D(lc`nct n sls piêtls$ sls plbctrls

lt sls psyajidihuls$ lt kncs ajnqul onbsic bd n sn aiur qub

aioprlck tiut dl oickl# Ldlvlr uc kiutl sur sic bccialcal

nppnrnãt aiool ucl bopbâtâ *5"$ lt ic cl râ`dâajbt pns qu(bd `nut

eblc alplcknct qul dl pltbt çtrl siuvlct kâsnhrânedl qu(bd slrn

pdus tnrk sibt lc hlrol sius sls trlssls edickls# Ic cl rnbsiccl

pns$ ic sl tnbt lt ic aictlopdl# Cius olttics kncs alttl aic/

tlopdntbic sncs kiutl tiutl dn piâsbl kl als rçvls lt kl als

lspârncals qu(uc elralnu `nbt cnãtrl$ onbs cius y olttics nussb

uc nutrl slctbolct$ dl rlsplat prlsqul pblux k(ucl cnturl tiutl

cluvl qu(bd cius sloedl qul cius nvics eblc oibcs í rlkrlsslr

lt í ìrolr qul cius c(nvics í lc pritâhlr dn purltâ# A(lst

alttl purltâ qul dl kihol ku pâajâ aictlstl$ lt bd y nurnbt dí

*>" Pibr Eiuvblr$ dn Aicsablcal oiklrcl lt dn kiatrbcl ku pâajâ#

*5" Nbcsb tld pnssnhl kl snbct Nuhustbc$ Aic`#$ B$ 8$ cius ajiqul

prlsqul#



AICHD\QBIbC# ;<>

kl quib triuedlr eblc kls aicsablcals ontlrclddls$ sb ciusc(nvbics klpubs dichtlops bcvlctâ dl slarlt kl `nbrl vbvrl lc

cius klux kiatrbcls aictrnkbatibrls$ qub lst$ piur [ucl kls klux

nu oibcs$ k(y aribrl$ onbs kl c(y pibct plcslr#

Bd c(y n rblc kl pdus nrtb`babld lt kl pdus aictrnbrl í dn cnturl

qul dn vbl oicnstbqul# Nussb citrl tlops cl prçtlrnbt/bd pdus

ucl irlbddl kiabdl nu hlcrl k(npistidnt qul snbct Noeribsl lt

snbct Gârûol rlprâslctlct piur d(Iaabklct# Ulonrquics/dl$ al

c(lst pns sludlolct qul cius cl siyics pdus í dn jnutlur kl

alrtnbcs lctjiusbnsols lt kl alrtnbcs klvibrs$ onbs bd y n kls

klvibrs qul cius cl aicsbkârics pdus aiool tlds$ iò cius vlr/

rbics oçol$ kncs alrtnbcs ans$ dl aictrnbrl k(uc klvibr# Cius

cl ariyics pdus qu(ic nbt dl kribt kl tiut nenckicclr piur cl

s(iaauplr qul kl sic sndut plrsiccld$ lt cius siools tiut prês

kl aicknoclr alttl prâiaaupntbic$ qunck lddl lst lxadusbvl$

aiool ucl ìrol kl d(âhiésol# Cius cl viyics kncs dl adiãtrl

qul d(nsbdl kl vbls qu(nuauc nutrl klvibr cl siddbabtl$ lt cis prâ/

`ârlcals vict nux irkrls qub rlopdbsslct í dlur oncbêrl ucl

ìcatbic siabndl# Cius klonckics lc l``lt í dn vlrtu k(çtrl utbdl$

k(çtrl `âaickl# Cius plcsics qu(bd y n quldqul dåajltâ oirndl

í sl tlcbr í d(âanrt pnr arnbctl kls aictnats$ kls tlctntbics$ kls

lxlopdls$ lt í cl audtbvlr lc sib qu(ucl vlrtu kl slrrl ajnukl#

\cl vlrtu âpriuvâl lst í cis ylux alddl qub cl arnbct pns dl pdlbc

nbr lt dls rbsquls qul ìct aiurbr dls entnbddls kl dn vbl# Nussb

piur elnuaiup kl snbcts purlolct aictlopdntb`s citrl pbâtâ

cl vn pns sncs ucl nrrbêrl/plcsâl$ lt citrl nkobrntbic c(lst

pdus lctbêrl# Kl pdus alrtnbcls vbidlcals `nbtls pnr lux í kls

slctbolcts cnturlds vict gusqu(í cius edlsslr# « Dl Onbstrl kl

Qnay aic`lssnct sn oêrl nu dbt kl oirt$ snbctl @rncèibsl kl

Ajnctnb nenckiccnct sls lc`ncts piur subvrl @rncèibs kl Qndls$

onknol kl Onbbbtlcic lcdlvnct dls `bddls í dlurs oêrls piur dl

sndut kl dlur åol$ cius pnrnbsslct nvibr pâajâ aictrl dn cnturl# ¶

Nbcsb s(lxprbol uc jiool kncs dn plcsâl kuquld nppnrnbsslct



;<5 AICAD\QBIC#

tiur í tiur tius dls nsplats kl citrl aicsablcal oiklrcl$ Ulcnc#

\c bkând kl vbl cnturlddl lt kâvbl aiopdêtl$ aicìrol í d(lcslb/

hclolct kl dn pjbdisipjbl hrlaqul$ aicìrol nu vblbd bcstbcat

siabnd kl [Iaabklct$ s(lst kica râvlbddâ lc cius#

Dls aiuvlcts âtnblct dl ankrl iedbhâ kl dn vbl nsaâtbqul 6 ir

cius nddics gusqu(í kiutlr ku oârbtl oçol kl al hlcrl kl vbl#

Cius siools oibcs tiuajâs pnr tiut dl spbrbtundbsol qub s(lc

kâhnhl$ pnr dn prluvl sncs alssl rlciuvldâl qu(bd arâl k(uc prbc/

abpl âtrnchlr lc cius í dn ontbêrl$ pnr tiutls dls lspârncalsk(n``rncajbsslolct qu(bd aicsnarl$ lc aioolcènct kês bab/ens kl

dls rândbslr$ qul cius cl siools bckbspisâs pnr dn kâplrkbtbic

kl ìral pjysbqul lt oçol pnr alddl kl pdnbsbr qu(bd lctrnãcl#

Cius cius klonckics 7 í quib eic9 Bd y n dí uc arbtârbuo kl dn

aickubtl qub n âtâ bctrikubt kncs cis lsprbts pnr als nuxbdbnbrls

siuvlct bcvidictnbrls kl d(utbdbtnrbsol$ dls âaiciobstls# ]ubs

cius nvics tiutls sirtls kl siddbabtukl piur dn pnrtbl pjysbqul

kl citrl çtrl# Citrl hulcbddl cius lst ajêrl# Cic sludlolct lc

`nbt cius dn vlchlics k(uc dich kâknbc$ onbs cius cius rlaic/

cnbssics kl vrnbs klvibrs lcvlrs lddl$ lt uc nutlur aictlopirnbc

n pnrdâ kl pâajâ pjysbqul lt kl oirndbtâ pjysbqul *>"# Alrtnbcs

kl als klvibrs$ aiool aldub kl priprltâ$ sict kâ`bcbtbvlolct

lctrâs kncs cis aicsablcals# K(nutrls$ nu aictrnbrl$ aiool aldub

kl ajnstltâ$ lc sict prlsqul sirtbs# Ku oibcs dn ajnstltâ c(lst/

lddl ajlz cius qu(uc klvibr privbsibrl 6 lddl cl priaêkl pdus ku

oâprbs kl dn ajnbr$ onbs ku rlsplat kl sib lt ku rlsplat oûolkl d(noiur# Cius cl cius bcsurhlics pdus lc l``lt aictrl dls

dibs kl dn cnturl$ lt d(jiccçtl oêrl kl `nobddl cius sloedl nvibr

aioprbs sn tåajl bab/ens nu oibcs nussb eblc qul dn vblrhl

lctçtâl kncs ucl pblusl stârbdbtâ# Nddics pdus dibc$ bd cius sloedl

qu(bd y nbt aiool uc irhulbd surjuonbc í `nbrl `b ku eicjlur#

Cius c(nvics pdus kncs citrl klstbcâl alttl ìb vbvl qub `nbt

*>" Qplcalr$ Kl Pâkuantbic#



AICAD\QBIC# ;<1

aioptlr dl prâslct aiool rblc# Cius viudics cis lc`ncts jlu/

rlux kês bab/ens lt cius dls âdlvics piur aldtl `bc tlrrlstrl#

GCius nvics oçol siuab kl dlur eicjlur booâkbnt qul cius

aicsbkârics aiool ajisl snarâl$ lt d(âkuantbic sl pnssl í vlbddlr

sur dub# Kl alttl rlajlrajl ku eicjlur prâslct$ cnãt lcairl$

aiool ic d(n rlonrquâ *>"$ lctrl klux pubssncals qub nurnblct

tnct k(nutrls rnbsics kl s(lctlckrl$ d(Âhdbsl lt dn kâoiarntbl$

dl pdus hrnvl suglt kl kbsslctbolct# D(Lhdbsl lcslbhcl d(lspâ/

rncal$ dn kâoiarntbl râpick qu(lddl c(nbol pns nttlckrl$ lt qul

sic riynuol í lddl lst kl al oickl# Nbcsb d(bkâl ku eicjlur

tlrrlstrl lst râbctâhrâl pnrob dls oitb`s nviuâs kl dn aickubtl#

Gusqu(í al qul alttl qulstbic nppnröt$ citrl Kl I``babbs

oiklrcl rlssloednbt ondhrâ tiut í aldub kl snbct Noeribsl$

pubsqul al qu(bd câhdbhlnbt kncs dn oirndl ajrâtblccl âtnbt al

qul d(bobtntlur kl Abaâric c(nvnbt dnbssâ qu(lctrlvibr 6 onbs$

nvla dl kâsnaairk sur dls `bcs oçols kl dn aickubtl qub surhbt$

dn aicsablcal oiklrcl sloedl rioprl kl pdus lc pdus nvla alddl

ku bvS sbêadl# Alux oçol qub aictbculct k(lspârlr kncs d(nu/

kldí cl `ict pdus kl alttl lspârncal dl oitb` iesâknct kl tiutls

dlurs natbics$ iu$ s(bds dl `ict$ aldn dlur lst prlsqul aioptâ

aiool ucl `nutl# Ic ippisl sur al pibct dn oirndl ku ajrbs/

tbncbsol í sn oâtnpjysbqul# Ic âtnedbt ucl nctbciobl lctrl dl

kihol kl d(booirtndbtâ plrsicclddl lt dn vlrtu ajrâtblccl pnr

lxalddlcal$ dn ajnrbtâ *5"# Dl eblc kl tius$ oçol dbobtâ í dn vbl

prâslctl$ sloedl uc bkând pdus âdlvâ qul dl eblc plrsiccld$ oûol

sncs dbobtl kncs dl tlops# ]iur alux lc`bc qub viblct kncs d(ucl

lt d(nutrl rlajlrajl klux utipbls qub sl suaaêklct$ alddl/dí ku

oibcs onrqul uc prihrês$ lddl lst dl klrcblr stnkl kl d(bddusbic#

Ic kbt lcairl$ lc sl pdnènct í uc nutrl pibct kl vul$ qul dn plc/

*>" N# Dlriy/Elnddblu$ dn Uâvidutbic lt dl dbeârndbsol$ p# 5=5$ lt pnssbo#

*5" Nrajbonckrbtl Nctibcl$ Ku rnppirt lctrl dl kâviulolct í dn ajisl puedbqul

lt dls prâiaaupntbics ku sndut plrsiccld *Piprisy `bdisi]bb b psyajidihéb$ nccâl

o$ c% >5"#



;<b AICAD\QBIC#

sâl kl d(booirtndbtâ ipprbol citrl dbelrtâ lt citrl `naudtâ kl

oârbtlr$ lt d(ic ngiutl tbêrlolct qul dn vlrtu c(n pns elsibc kl

pnrnkbs# Nbcsb kls aicalptbics oirndls dls pdus jnutls kl citrl

tlops klsalcklct kls ieglatbics$ sbcic aictrl dn ariyncal ajrâ/

tblccl$ ku oibcs aictrl dl rûdl qu(lddl n dichtlops giuâ kncs

dls kâdbeârntbics juonbcls# Cius rlaioolcèics kica d(lssnb

stiéqul k(ucl vlrtu sncs nppub lxtârblur lt sncs lspârncal#

Cius prâtlckics cius pnsslr kl Kblu aiool kl dn vbl ùturl#

Alux oçols qub triuvlct kncs alttl plcsâl qu(uc çtrl supârblur

dls vibt$ dls siutblct lt dls lcaiurnhl$ dl pdus kiux lt dl pdus

pubssnct kls râaicìrts$ alux/dí oçol rlaiccnbsslct í dn vlrtu

dl kribt k(lxbstlr pnr lddl sludl$ lt bds âpriuvlct piur d(l`ìrt

suppdâolctnbrl qul alttl bckâplckncal suppisl ucl cuncal

pnrtbaudbêrl kl rlsplat# Cius nvics nbcsb cis snbcts dnéquls qul

tius jicirlct# Dn vlrtu lst klvlcul uc pnys clutrl qul tius

s(lctlcklct piur pritâhlr$ sncs qu(nuaucl aic`lssbic âdêvlsur dub kl prâtlctbics lxadusbvls# Lc k(nutrls tlrols lddl lst

onbctlcnct quldqul ajisl kl dnéqul# Ic aicèibt ucl vbl oirndl

kict alrtnbcls ariyncals cl siblct pns dl suppirt lt kict dls

snarlolcts cl siblct pns d(ndbolct# [iutls als ajisls sb âtrib/

tlolct ucbls kncs dls âarbts kl snbct Noeribsl$ ucbls lc `nbt

lcairl kncs tnct kl aicsablcals$ sict tjâirbqulolct kbssiabâls#

Oirndl lt rldbhbic sict dbobtripjls$ onbs bckâplcknctls# [ld

priedêol qub n âtâ dichtlops uc priedêol rldbhblux$ aiool

aldub kl dn dbelrtâ$ s(lst dnéabsâ dub nussb$ rlklvlcnct uc priedêol

pjbdisipjbqul# Onbs kl dn pjbdisipjbl oçol quldquls ucs vlu/

dlct s(n``rncajbr lt rlpiusslct tiutl tutlddl kihontbqul# Dlur

vlrtu lst susplckul lc d(nbr# Hnrklrn/t/lddl dichtlops alt

âqubdberl bcstnedl9

Als klrcblrs kbsslctbolcts lctrl citrl oirndl lt alddl kl

snbct Noeribsl c(ict pns trnbt ku oibcs í dn cnturl oçol kls

iedbhntbics# Cius cius siools tlcus nbcsb aiool nux ndlctiurs

kl cis klvibrs$ nrrçtâs qul cius âtbics pnr kls priedêols



AICAD\QBIC(# ;<<

aiooucs í tius# Onbs als klvibrs$ kb``ârloolct ìckks kncsdn tjâirbl lt prntbquâs kncs uc lsprbt kb``ârlct$ rlsbact/bds ku

oibcs bklctbquls kncs dlur ontbêrl9‛ Iub$ sncs kiutl$ piur uc

hrnck cioerl6 iub surtiut piur alux qub `nbsnblct kâgí dn

rlssloedncal lctrl dl dbvrl kl snbct Noeribsl lt aldub kl

Abaâric# Cius nvics kâgí kbt qu(bd y nvnbt dí kncs dn aicsablcal

juonbcl kls pibcts `bxls klpubs pdus kl klux obddl ncs# ]iur

dls nutrls$ cius slrbics oibcs n``brontb`s# ûldquls ucs sict

aictlstâs$ enttus lc erêajl# Lst/al sludlolct pnral qu(bds ìct

ucl vbidlcal pdus hrnckl í citrl cnturl qub râsbstl í aiups kl

sipjbsols 9 Alux qub snvlct aioeblc bd lst kb``babdl k(çtrl tiut

í `nbt sbcaêrl lcvlrs sib/oçol nkolttrict vidictblrs qul alr/

tnbcls kiatrbcls oirndls cl siblct nbcsb qul kls prâtlxtls$ lt qul

dls jâsbtntbics kl cis aicsablcals cl `nsslct siuvlct qul trn/

kubrl dls kâ`nbddncals kl citrl vidictâ# Cius cl ariyics pns

tiutlìbs qul alttl lxpdbantbic su``bsl í tius dls ans# Bd y n alr/

tnbcls nttbtukls kl dn aicsablcal qub ict ucl tlddl `bxbtâ lt qub

sict í al pibct aiirkiccâls lctrl lddls qu(bd `nut eblc dls aicsb/

kârlr aiool nutjlctbquls lt lc kbsautlr dl slcs#

A(lst nbcsb qul s(âdêvlct kls kiutls três sbcaêrls sur dn vndlur

nesidul k(uc alrtnbc typl kl vlrtu kict d(juobdbtâ âtnbt dl trnbt

sbhcb`bantb`# Kâgí Klsanrtls kbstbchunbt ucl juobdbtâ vlrtulusl

lt ucl juobdbtâ vbablusl$ lt pnrdnbt nvla uc tiut nutrl naalct

kl alttl hâcârisbtâ « qub `nbt qu(uc jiool s(lstbol nu pdus jnut

pibct qu(bd sl plut dâhbtbololct lstbolr ¶ *>"# Ic snbt qul

Qpbcizn ùt pdus rnkband *5"6 lt í olsurl qul sic bctdulcal

s(lst râpnckul$ d(nkobrntbic kls jiools n âtâ rnolcâl vlrs dn

ìral lt dn aicsablcal kl dn ìral# N vrnb kbrl$ alttl nkobrntbic

c(nvnbt pns alssâ k(lxbstlr$ onbs í aûtâ kl dn oirndl# Qpbcizn

n dâhbtboâ uc slctbolct cnturld$ lt dn aicsablcal juonbcl d(n

subvb$ sncs kiutl pnral qu(bd cl `nbsnbt qu(lc prâvlcbr d(âvidutbic$

*>" KLQANc[FQ$ d(4d.3Q"IcQ$ >>>$ BPb(b#

*5" QpdS=WN$ Âtjbqul$ BBB$ prip# dx$ sajid#



AICAD\QBIC# ;<8

uc bcstnct# Onbs lc oûol tlops qul dls rlvlckbantbics ku kribt$

a(lst/í/kbrl lc oçol tlops qul dn citbic kls klvibrs qu(ict

dls nutrls lcvlrs cius$ nppnrut ucl citbic ciuvlddl kl cis

klvibrs lcvlrs cius/oçols# Dls pjbdisipjls dls kâkubsbrlct$ lt

dn kbhcbtâ kl dn plrsiccl juonbcl klvbct dn ìroudl qub dls

râsuol tius# Bkândlolct bd lst pissbedl kl aicabdblr al klvibr

prlsqul râalct nvla aldub kl [juobdbtâ$ onbs ic tioelrn k(naairk

qul al c(lst pdus dl oçol nsplat kl dn vlrtu aiopdêtl qub lst

prâslctâ í d(nkobrntbic lt í d(bobtntbic kls jiools$ lt qul al

qub sl aicabdbl kncs d(bkând sl aictrlkbt siuvlct kncs dn rândbtâ#

Ic vn pdus dibc k(nbddlurs$ lt ic naausl d(juobdbtâ nbcsb qul

tiutls dls vlrtus kl dn oûol `nobddl$ rlcicalolct$ snarb`bal$

râsbhcntbic$ k(nvibr kâprboâ d(åol juonbcl# Dn vlrtu vârbtnedl

lst$ kbt/ic$ âclrhbl lt rnyicclolct# Lddl cnãt kl dn tlcsbic kl

tiutls dls ìrals juonbcls lt cic kl dlur vidictnbrl kbobcutbic#

Kncs dl oçol lsprbt ic kbstbchul klux sirtls kl eictâ$ d(ucl

pnssbvl$ bcanpnedl k(nhbr lt kl rânhbr$ d(nekbantbic kl citrl

çtrl priprl dub nynct `nbt plrkrl tiutl rnabcl lt tiutl sêvl$

eictâ oystbqul$ bopubssnctl aiool tiut oystbabsol6 d(nutrl

natbvl$ vrnbl `dlur k(ucl åol ìrtl$ iò sl râsuolct tius dls

kics kâdbants k(ucl plrsiccndbtâ pdlbclolct âpnciubl lt nsslz

rbajl piur sl râpnckrl *>"# Kl alddl/ab sirtlct dls natls lt dls

őuvrls# Dn `blrtâ$ d(noebtbic$ tiut al qub siutblct lt âdêvl

d(jiool lc`bc$ dub slrt kl rlssirt$ nu dblu qul dn eictâ qub

aioolcal pnr d(iuedb kl sib sl plrk pnr sic lxaês oçol#

Nbcsb a(lst piur oblux `nbrl `ruatb`blr dn eictâ$ alt nutrl cio

kl dn a jnrbtâ$ qu(ic dn kâenrrnssl kl vlrtus sib/kbsnct pnrnsbtls6

lt ic pdnal dn aicsablcal ajrâtblccl lc `nal k(ucl nctbciobl

qu(lddl nurnbt dichtlops nerbtâl# Cius nurics í cius kloncklr

tiut í d(jlurl sb pnr dí dn citbic kl ajnrbtâ c(lst pns lctnoâl

í sic tiur6 onbs aicaduics piur dl oiolct qul cis prâ`ârlcals

*>" Pibr UisCR$ Bopârblusl eictâ# Al rioncablr nvnbt kâgí bckbquâ dn oçol

tjêsl kncs Kncbld Pndhrnbva#



;<: AICAD\QBIC#

oçol oirndls sict í aldub qub s(n``brol pdutût qu(í aldub qub

s(l``nal$ í aldub qub lxndtl lc dub dn cnturl juonbcl pdutût qu(í

aldub qub s(nppdbqul í sl rl`nbrl ucl åol k(lc`nct 6 nviuics qul

cius oâaiccnbssics al qu(bd `nut k(l`ìrt piur s(juobdblr$ kl

hrncklur piur sl `nbrl pltbt# ]dntic `nbsnbt kl d(noiur$ a(lst/

í/kbrl kl tiutls dls tlckncals hâcârlusls kl citrl åol$ dl `bds kl

dn pnuvrltâ lt kl dn rbajlssl6 dl ajrbstbncbsol dl `nbt cnãtrl kl

dn sludl pnuvrltâ6

quldquls ucs kl cis aictlopirnbcs dl

`lrnblct cnãtrl kl dn sludl rbajlssl# Lddl sludl plut çtrl `âaickl#Bd râsudtl kl tiut aldn qul dn pnuvrltâ$ nu slcs priprl$ lst

oibcs qul gnonbs lc jicclur# Dl pdus siuvlct ic dn guhl

oârbtâl 6 alrtnbcls `nutls lc sict dl prbcabpl$ k(nutrls lc sict

dn aicsâqulcal$ lt plu s(lc `nut qu(ic cl dn aicsbkêrl lddl/oçol

aiool ucl `nutl# Lddl lctrnãcl lc l``lt tiutls sirtls kl kâplc/

kncals lt sl aicabdbl kb``babdlolct nvla ucl lctbêrl kbhcbtâ# ]lu

í plu lddl kbobcul lt nvbdbt# Kncs ucl kâ`bcbtbic kl d(jiccçtl

jiool$ kiccâl pnr Abaâric$ lctrl alttl aickbtbic lsslctblddl

qu(bd `nut çtrl eblc kncs sls n``nbrls *>"# Cius siools nsslz kl

d(nvbs kl Abaâric$ lt cl trncsbhlics huêrl sur al ajnpbtrl# Cius

nppldics jicirnebdbtâ alttl prlobêrl aickbtbic kl d(jiccçtltâ$

lt cius lc vlcics prlsqul í aicìckrl als klux tlrols# Cius

nvics nbcsb ucl oirndl rldntbvl í d(nrhlct qub lst klvlcul

prlsqul tiutl dn oirndl# Dls âaiciobstls ict `nbt kl d(âpnrhcl

ucl vlrtu$ lt dn vlrtu pnr lxalddlcal$ qunck bd s(nhbt kl pnuvrls

hlcs$ pnral qu(lddl lst ajlz lux dl sbhcl lt aiool dl alctrl

kl tiutls dls nutrls# Ic bcsbstl sur al qu(lddl bopdbqul k(l`ìrt

aictbcu$ kl oâtjikl$ kl prbvntbics# C(lst/lddl pns dl snarb`bal

sncs alssl rlciuvldâ ku prâslct í d(nvlcbr$ lt aiool d(najnt

lc olcul oiccnbl kl pdnbsbrs kl citrl sâaurbtâ lt kl citrl

bckâplckncal9 Nussb d(lcslbhcl/t/ic onbctlcnct oçol nux

lc`ncts kl cis âaidls#

*Bg Abaâric$ ]ri Qlxtbi$ ;<#



AICAD\QBIC# ;<2

Alt lcslbhclolct cl cubt/bd pns í aldub kl dn ajnrbtâ$ lt dn

ajnctâ c(n/t/lddl pns í siu``rbr lc siool kl al oâprbs kl dn

pnuvrltâ9 Cius cius hnrklrics eblc$ kncs alttl rlajlrajl kls

oncb`lstndbics nctbajrâtblccls kl dn aicsablcal aictlopirnbcl$

kl cius dnbsslr lctrnãclr gusqu(í cblr qul dn ajnrbtâ sibt ucl

kls vlrtus kl al tlops# Cius cl prlckrics kica qul piur kls

ipbcbics âpbsikbquls als npidihbls kl @âhiésol qub sict

nugiurk(jub í dn oikl *>"# >> `nut alplcknct aicstntlr qul kl

tlds pnrnkixls ict vu dl giur lt rlcaictrâ dl suaaês# Aldn

kâcitl ucl âtrnchl bcalrtbtukl kl aicsablcal sur uc pibct iò

tiutl kbsaussbic löt sloedâ$ bd y n plu kl tlops$ uc ednspjêol#

Bd `nut ngiutlr qul als pnrnkixls sict dl kâvldipplolct dihbqul

k(ucl kiatrbcl qub kâgí dls nvnbt dnbssâ lctrlvibr$ dn kiatrbcl kl

d(âvidutbic$ qub aioprlck alddl kl dn sâdlatbic lt kl dn duttl

piur dn vbl# Dls aicsâqulcals oirndls k(ucl kiatrbcl pjbdisi/

pjbqul sict dlctls í sl prikubrl lt$ í dlur prlobêrl nppnrbtbic$

lddls priviqulct siuvlct uc oiuvlolct kl râpudsbic6 onbs dn

dihbqul boonclctl kls slctbolcts lt kls bkâls piursubt sörl/

olct sic őuvrl$ lt dn aicsablcal s(jnebtul plu í plu í al

qu(lddl nvnbt rlpiussâ# Iu dn kiatrbcl kl d(âvidutbic brn rlgibckrl

dls systêols oirts$ iu lddl âvidulrn lddl/oçol lt plrkrn lc

riutl dls tjêsls aiopriolttnctls qub ict k(neirk pnrtnhâ sn

ìrtucl$ ‛ iu cius cius jnebtulrics í dn hdirb`bantbic kl

d(âhiésol lt nu audtl ku suaaês$ tiut lc aictbcunct kncs uc

aibc kl citrl åol í jicirlr dn ajnrbtâ# Cius snvics lc l``lt

*>" A(lst @râkârba Cbltzsajl qub n rlprbs râaloolct al pnrnkixl nutrl/

ìbs kâvldippâ pnr Onx Qtbrclr# O# Hrnct Nddlc s(lst `nbt$ í sic tiur$ kncs

dn @ircbyjtdy Uuvblw$ `npòtrl kl al qu(bd npplddldlcibnld jâkicbsol# « A(lst

ucl ìdbl kl viudibr ìcklr dn oirndl sur dl snarb`bal$ lt rblc c(lst pdu9 snhl

nu aictrnbrl qul kl dub kicclr piur prbcabpl dl dberl kâvldipplolct kl sib/

oçol# Bd lst tlops qul cnbssl lc`bc pnrob cius uc Npûtrl kls Hlctbds qub

prçajl klvnct citrl plupdl dn elnutâ lt dn purltâ ku 8biuvld jâkicbsol$ dls

ippisnct í dn dnbklur$ í dn olsqubclrbl$ í d(bc`dulcal kâprbonctl kl dn

oirndl ajrâtblccl# ¶



;0= AICAD\QBIC#

qul cis aicsablcals nkolttlct kncs dlur slbc dn aiopdlxbtâ lt

dls aictrnkbatbics$ lt qul quldqul ajisl suesbstl lc lddls$ pblusl/

olct loenuoâ$ kl tiutls dls ariyncals ku pnssâ#

Onbs qulddl qul kibvl çtrl dn aicsablcal kl klonbc$ kês

d(jlurl prâslctl dn ajnrbtâ n prbs ucl ciuvlddl ìrol ibb

d(noiur kls pnuvrls lctrl piur plu# Lddl n âtâ prntbquâl dich/

tlops sius dn ìrol kl [nuoûcl kbrlatl lt plrsicclddl# D(uc

kiccnbt$ d(nutrl rlalvnbt6 lt dichtlops ic n vu kncs al aioolral

ku eblc`nbt lt kl dn rlaiccnbssncal ucl bcstbtutbic privbklctblddl#

Cius tlckics nugiurk(jub í ucl ajnrbtâ aiddlatbvl lt ncicyol

qub sl dnbssl oibcs kuplr lt qub snajl rlckrl sls kics l``banals#

[iutls als őuvrls k(nssbstncal$ kl snuvltnhl$ kl pritlatbic$ kl

rldêvlolct$ qub slrict uc kls jicclurs kl dn `bc kl citrl

sbêadl$ sict lc iutrl kls őuvrls k(jyhbêcl lt kl prâviyncal

siabndls nutnct qul kl ajnrbtâ# Lc siudnhlnct kl dn obsêrl$ cius

plcsics nux arbols âvlctulds qul cius supprboics# Dl oiebdllst oibcs kâsbctârlssâ$ onbs ic kbt qul dl râsudtnt slrn olbddlur#

Kncs dn prntbqul k(nbddlurs$ alttl oâtjikl noêcl$ aiool

tiutl nutrl$ dl aictnat k(bckbvbkus pnrob dlsqulds bd lc lst qub

siu``rlct lt bd lc lst qub aiopntbsslct$ aictnat k(iò sl kâhnhl

kl dn ajnrbtâ vrnbl# Lc iutrl dn ajnrbtâ qub s(lst vidictnbrlolct

prbvâl kl dn gibl qul al aictnat priaurl í aldub qub kiccl$ gibl

kict d(juobdbntbic kl rlalvibr lst kl d(nutrl aûtâ dn rncèic$

alttl ajnrbtâ/dí s(lst plut/çtrl n``rncajbl k(uc slctbolct âhiéstl

qub s(y oçdnbt lt qub cius triopnbt sur sn vrnbl cnturl pnr sn

kâdbantlssl oçol# Lddl lst plut/çtrl bcspbrâl lc oçol tlops

pnr uc rlsplat pdus hrnck kl d(jiool í qub d(nuoûcl rlèul

`nbt ucl åol k(lsadnvl lt kl pnrnsbtl# Qtunrt Obdd kbsnbt qul dn

sludl ajnrbtâ kbhcl kl al cio âtnbt alddl qub nbknbt dls hlcs

í s(nbklr lux/oçols *>"# A(lst alddl/dí qu(ic s(l`ìral nugiur/

k(jub kl prntbqulr# ‛ >> c(lc lst pns oibcs í citlr qul tius

*>" Qtunrt Obb#d$ Nssuglttbsslolct kls `lools$ trnk# `rncènbsl$ p# 5>8#



AICAD\QBIC# ;0>

als sarupudls kict cius lctiurics d(lxlrabal kl dn ajnrbtâ

sict nutnct kl rlstrbatbics nux dberls oiuvlolcts ku aőur$ lt

rlssloedlct í als rêhdls kl dn eblc`nbsncal kiccâls pnr Abaâric$

lt qub lxabtnblct sb ìrt d(bckbhcntbic kl Dnadncal# Cius kbsau/

tics$ cius plsics dl piur lt dl aictrl$ ndirs qul cis pêrls

prlcnblct dlur pnrtb k(çtrl kupls alct ìbs piur ucl$ n`bc kl cl

pns çtrl kurs ucl ìbs sur alct#

Bd y n dí uc trnbt kl dn vlrtu aictlopirnbcl sius tiutls sls

ìrols# Lddl vlut sl gustb`blr lt sl kâoictrlr# Abaâric kâ`bcbssnbt

Ri``babuo d(natbic kibt ic plut rlckrl rnbsic *>"# ]iur guhlr kl

dn vndlur kls natls$ cius lc rlvlcics í alttl oâtjikl abaâri/

cblccl# Cius cl cius `bics pdus í uc aiooncklolct$ í ucl

trnkbtbic$ í uc slctbolct# D(lsprbt arbtbqul n lcvnjb oçol dn

oirndl# Citrl aicsablcal lst rnbsicclusl# Lddl sl triuvl nbcsb

`nbrl nppld í tiutls sirtls kl prbcabpls pdus iu oibcs lxpdbab/

tlolct nkobs$ onbs qub `rnpplct cis klvibrs k(uc anrnatêrl

jypitjâtbqul# [lddl dn aicìrobtâ nvla cis bcstbcats cnturlds

iu nvla ucl âvidutbic prâsuoâl *5"# [ld d(bctârçt hâcârnd lt

oçol citrl bctârçt pnrtbaudblr# Gl snbs qu(bd lc n tiugiurs âtâ

pdus iu oibcs nbcsb$ lt qul oçol uc kâandihul cl kâknbhcl

pns dls nrhuolcts qub dub kicclct rnbsic# Gl snbs k(nutrl pnrt$

lt d(iaansbic vblckrn kl dl rlkbrl$ qul kl dn vlrtu aictlopirnbcl

c(n pns kbspnru tiutl spictncâbtâ lt tiutl ìb oirndl# Onbs lddl

cl rlaiurt í alttl ìb qul pnral qu(lddl cl plut `tbbrl nutrlolct$

lt qul dn rnbsic qub ìckl dls klvibrs cl ìckl pns dl klvibr#

Lt$ lc klèí kl alttl dbobtl qu(lddl c(n pu `rncajbr$ dn rnbsic n

pnrtiut râtnedb sic lopbrl# Bd y n kâgí pdus k(uc sbêadl kl

aldn$ lt sic prlstbhl n âtâ sb hrnck qu(bd cl plut pdus qul

kâariãtrl# ‛ Dl audtl kl dn sablcal lst dn ìrol prâslctl ku

*>" Abaâric$ Kl i``#$ B$ 1#

*5" ]dutût qul di rlsplat ku pnssâ$ cius nurbics lc l`[ld al rlsplad k(uc

nvlcbr qul cius cl aiccnbssics pns$ lt dl kâsbr k(y aicìrolr í d(nvncal

citrl aickubtl#



;05 AICAD\QBIC#

audtl kl dn rnbsic# Q(bd dl aictrlkbt lc uc slcs$ lc uc nutrl bd dl

aictbcul# Lt al ùt d(utipbl kl citrl tlops kl kâkubrl dls dibs

oirndls kls dibs kl dn cnturl# Alttl utipbl rlssloedl nu pistudnt

kl tiutl dn oirndl nctbqul# Bd cl s(nhbt pns tiut í `nbt kl dn

oçol sablcal$ onbs a(lst dl oçol lsprbt bctlddlatundbstl$ dl

oçol lspibr kl pnab`blr dn cnturl juonbcl lt kl kbsabpdbclr dls

pnssbics pnr dls sludls ìrals kl dn plcsâl# Qb alttl utipbl âtnbt

rândbsâl$ a(lc slrnbt `nbt kl dn oirndl ajrâtblccl# Alddl/ab

s(nkrlssl$ lc l``lt$ í dn vidictâ lt nu aőur$ tnckbs qul dn rnbsic

lt dn sablcal sict nvla dn cnturl dls vblbddls bkidls ku pnhncbsol#

Qb dn aickubtl juonbcl nvnbt âtâ pdnaâl sius dlur lxadusbvl

kiobcntbic$ qul slrnbt/bd rlstâ kl ajrâtblc lc cius9 Lt c(lst/

al pns ucl prluvl$ lctrl tnct k(nutrls$ kl d(âtlrcld rlaioolc/

alolct kls systêols$ qul al rçvl iuedbâ nbt pu çtrl rlprbs9

Kncs al oiklrcl [rnbtâ kls klvibrs$ sur dls bkâls kbrlatrbals

kuquld cius cius siools l`ìraâs kl kicclr quldqulsbckban/

tbics$ lc kbsnct nu oibcs al qu(lddls cl slrnblct pns$ klux

bkâls nu aictrnbrl rlpnrnãtrnblct qub tlcnblct ucl hrnckl pdnal

ajlz Abaâric$ qub c(lc tlcnblct nuaucl ajlz snbct Noeribsl$

d(bkâl ku kribt lt d(bkâl kl d(Âtnt# Cius nvics aiccu d(bvrlssl lt

dn ìdbl ku kribt# Bd lst pissbedl qul dn pdus jnutl kâoicstrntbic

ku anrnatêrl snarâ kl dn plrsiccl juonbcl nbt âtâ kiccâl pnr

dl ajrbstbncbsol$ lt qu(lc al slcs citrl tjâirbl ku kribt vblccl

kl dub *>"$ qu(lddl nbt ku oibcs rlèu kl dub sic aiuricclolct#

Onbs dl slctbolct kl Bjuobdbtâ lt nussb aldub kl dn ajnrbtâ ict

dichtlops nrrçtâ lc ajlobc dls aicsâqulcals kl alttl kâoics/

trntbic# Klpubs tribs sbêadls$ nu aictrnbrl$ cius nvics lxndtâ

d(bckbvbku gusqu(í neiutbr kncs d(irkrl pidbtbqul nu su``rnhl

ucbvlrsld$ kncs d(irkrl bctlddlatuld nu rionctbsol lt í d(lsprbt

arbtbqul$ kncs d(irkrl oirnd í d(nuticiobl qub lst siuvlct

d(nciobl# Cius nvics lu dl siuab kl d(bckâplckncal bckbvb/

*>" A(lst d(bkâl siutlcul pnr N# Dlriy/Elnudblu$ dn ]npnutâ lt dn Kâoi/

arntbl#



AICAD\QBIC# ;01

kbblddl gusqu(í arnbckrl tiut al qub dbl lt$ pnrtbs kl aldtl arnbctl$cius nvics kâsnrtbaudâ dl airps siabnd# Cius nvics bonhbcâ

« uc aikl kl dibs qub sloedl nvibr âtâ `nbt piur uc abtiylc

bkând$ cnbssnct lc`nct triuvâ$ lt oiurnct aâdbentnbrl$ uc aikl

qub rlck tiut vbnhlr$ iò dls lc`ncts sict uc bcaicvâcblct piur

dl pêrl$ iò tiutl őuvrl aiddlatbvl lt plrpâtulddl lst bctlrkbtl$ iò

dls ucbtâs oirndls$ qub sict dls vrnbls$ sict kbssiutls í ajnqul

kâaês$ iò d(jiool nvbsâ lst d(âhiéstl qub s(nrrnchl piur nvibrdl oibcs kl klvibrs pissbedl$ iò d(jiool lt dn `lool sict

gltâs kncs d(nrêcl kl dn vbl nux oçols aickbtbics$ iò dn priprbâtâ

lst aicèul cic aiool ucl ajisl oirndl$ onbs aiool d(âqub/

vndlct k(ucl giubssncal tiugiurs npprâabnedl lc nrhlct *>"# ¶

Nbcsb pluvlct sl râsuolr cis dbelrtâs$ ku oibcs qunck ic cl

vlut vibr qu(uc aûtâ kls ajisls 6 lt hråal í lddls$ ngiutl

O# Ulcnc$ cius nvics âdlvâ uc oickl kl pyhoâls lt klrâvidtâs# >> c(lst pns gusqu(í al qul cius nppldics siabndbsol

nugiurk(jub qub cl sibt ucl ìrol iutrâl kl d(bckbvbkundbsol6

anr al qul dl siabndbsol klonckl$ a(lst piur ajnqul bckbvbku

dl onxbouo k(çtrl lt kl eblc/çtrl# ]dntic$ qub snarb`bnbt d(bckb/

vbku í d(jnroicbl kl d(lcsloedl$ nvnbt ucl nutrl `nèic k(çtrl

siabndbstl#

D(Ltnt oiklrcl n elnu c(çtrl qu(uc oiylc 6 rlstnct dl slud

çtrl aiddlatb` lc `nal k(bckbvbkundbtâs sncs dblc$ bd hrnckbt pnr

dí oçol# Bd n âtâ dl dâhntnbrl ucbvlrsld kl dn aiooucl$ kl dn

privbcal$ kl dn airpirntbic$ alctrndbsnct cic sludlolct dls

ìcatbics$ onbs al elsibc k(nttnajlolct lt k(nssiabntbic qub lst

kncs dl aőur kl d(jiool# [nct qul d(bkâl k(Âhdbsl sl aicìckbt

prlsqul nvla alddl kl rldbhbic$ dls Ltnts lux/oçols âtnblct

aiool plrkus kncs ucl aiooucnutâ râhbl pnr d(noiur lt qub

nspbrnbt í aioprlckrl tiut dl hlcrl juonbc# D(Luripl ìronbt

ucl aic`âkârntbic$ ucl airpirntbic k(Ltnts# >> put sl `nbrl ndirs

*>" Ulc#Tc$ ûlstbics aictlopirnbcls$ prâ`nal$ p# o#



;0; AICAD\QBIC#

kls őuvrls aiddlatbvls aiool dls aribsnkls# Nugiurk(jub dls

cntbics lddls/oçols sict klvlculs bckbvbkundbstls6 lt nu klkncskl ajnaucl k(lddls$ onbs kncs citrl pnys surtiut$ dn citbic

k(Ltnt ucl ìbs rltriuvâl$ ic rloictn í sls irbhbcls rionbcls

lt ic lc prâabsn dl klssbc í d(nbkl kl tlxtls lt kl siuvlcbrs# Al

ùt [őuvrl kls dâhbstls$ al ùt pdus tnrk alddl ku pdus rionbc

kl cis jiools k(Ltnt$ kl Cnpidâic *>"# Citrl aicalptbic kl

d(Âtnt n kica kl eiccls rnbsics piur rlssloedlr í dn aicalptbic

nctbqul# Lddl lc lst d(bobtntbic# Onbs cius siools pdus

ajntiubddlux sur dls kribts kl d(Âtnt qul cl d(âtnblct dls ncablcs$

pnral qul cius nvics `nbt d(lxpârblcal$ qu(bds c(nvnblct pns `nbtl$

k(nutrls piuvibrs$ d(uc pdus vnstl$ dls nutrls pdus pltbts$ kict

cius ariyics sncs alssl vibr dl splatrl rlpnrnãtrl# Qius dl cio

pdus aicarlt kl pntrbl lc`bc$ d(Âtnt n âtâ dl audtl kl hlcs qub

viudnblct í dlur ìb uc ieglt pisbtb`# Bd n rlaulbddb kls nkirntbics

qub cl snvnblct iò s(nkrlsslr$ J y n nbcsb ucl dib kl endncalolct

kl cis slctbolcts7 al qul cius plrkics k(uc aûtâ$ cius dl

hnhcics kl d(nutrl$ lt kncs elnuaiup k(åols dn pntrbl n jârbtâ

kl Kblu# Cic sludlolct lddl lst nugiurk(jub d(ieglt k(uc klvibr

snbct$ onbs$ kncs dl kâsnrrib kl cis ariyncals$ cius ajlrajics

í rnttnajlr í al klvibr alux qub cius sloedlct sncs nttnajl#

Gusqu(í jblr$ bd y nvnbt dí uc kls pibcts `bxls kl citrl oirndl#

Dn vblbddl rldbhbic kl dn abtâ ietlcnbt sludl d(ucncbobtâ pnrob

cius# ‛ K(iò cius aicadurics lcairl qul Abaâric$ pdutût qulsnbct Noeribsl$ slrnbt d(bcspbrntlur kl qubaicqul viukrnbt cius

kbatlr kls klvibrs qul cius snajbics lctlckrl#

BBB

Dn aicadusbic qub rlssirt kls pnhls prâaâklctls cius bcqubêtl

piur kls rnbsics qub cl sict pns sludlolct kls rnbsics kl slc/

*>" Pibr [nbcl$ dn Ulaicsdruatbibb kl dn @rncal lc >:== 7 PÂhdbsl#



AICAD\QBIC# ;0<

dbolct# D(jbstibrl kls bkâls cl vn pns nbcsb í rlaudics$ lt dls

rânatbics qub cl sict qul kls rânatbics sict stârbdls# Ic n neusâ

âtrnchlolct lc oirndl kl dn tjâirbl$ kl d(âvidutbic qub$ lc `nb/

snct aribrl í uc plrpâtuld ajnchlolct$ kbobcul tiutls ajisls$

oçol dls klvibrs$ lt kâaiurnhl tiut rlsplat# Ku oibcs alttl

tjâirbl cius npprlck/lddl qul rblc cl sl plrk$ lt cius jnebtul/

t/lddl í ajlrajlr iestbcâolct kncs dl prâslct dls trnals kl tiut

dlpnssâ#

D(jbstibrlqul cius nvics

rnaictâl arâl aictrl tiutl

âadbpsl kurnedl ku slctbolct ajrâtblc lc cius ucl prâsioptbic

kl pdus# Qb dn oirndl pnélccl c(n pns pârb sius dls ndduvbics

ajrâtblccls qub dn rlaiuvrnblct$ ic kibt aribrl qul dn oirndl

ajrâtblccl sl survbvrnbt nu oibcs kl dn oçol `nèic# Ic n aio/

pnrâ ic l``lt citrl tlops nu bvS sbêadl 6 onbs lctrl lux bd y n

alttl kb``ârlcal qu(ic vibt eblc al qub$ nu bv® sbêadl$ suaaâknbt í

dn oirndl vblbddbl ku pnhncbsol$ qu(ic cl vibt pibct nugiur/k(jub dn ciuvlnutâ vbatirblusl qub râadnol sn pdnal nu sidlbd

lt kncs d(jbstibrl# A(lst dn oirndl pnélccl kict cius nvics

aicstntâ dn rlcnbssncal 6 ir sn pdnal lst kncs dl pnssâ$ cic kncs

d(nvlcbr#

Kncs d(lcsloedl kls ariyncals oirndls qul cius nvics ippi/

sâls í dn oirndl ajrâtblccl$ bd `nut `nbrl tribs pnrts# Lc prloblr

dblu$ bd n pu y nvibr sur alrtnbcs pibcts ucl enbssl kl dn oirndbtâ$ucl oibckrl lxbhlcal kl cis aicsablcals qul cius nvics prbsl

piur uc nsplat ciuvlnu kl als aicsablcals lt kl dn oirndl lddl/

oçol# Lc slaick dblu cius nvics lu n``nbrl í kls slctbolcts três

vblux lt qub ict tiugiurs ailxbstâ$ pdus iu oibcs naausâs sldic

dls tlops$ nvla dl ajrbstbncbsol# Cius nvics nsslz pnrdâ kl alttl

plrsbstncal kl alrtnbcls naqubsbtbics kl dn aicsablcal pnélccl

piur c(nvibr pdus í y rlvlcbr# Lc`bc cius nvics plut/çtrl ippisânu ajrbstbncbsol alrtnbcs slctbolcts qub sict bssus kl dub$ lt qub

onrqulct sncs kiutl uc prihrês kl dn aicsablcal$ onbs uc pri/

hrês qul sls prbcabpls bcspbrlct# Bd y nurnbt kica kls rnbsics kl

sl kloncklr sb citrl lcquçtl `nussâl pnr dl kâsbr kl rltriuvlr ku

\cbvlrsbtâ kl Dyic# ‛ PBBB# 1=



;0= # AICAD\QBIC#

ASbaâribb lc cius c(npplddl pns ucl aictrl/lcquçtl# Cius cl cius

kbssboudics pns aioeblc al hlcrl kl kbsslatbic prntbquâl sur

quldqul ajisl kl vbvnct$ cis aicsablcals$ lst kb``babdlolct sbc/

aêrl$ lt aioeblc hrnck lst dl rbsqul kl prlckrl cis nspbrntbics

piur kls aicstntntbics# Kncs kls ontbêrls iò a(lst uc klvibr

k(nvibr uc nvbs í sib lt kl dl kbrl$ bd `nut uc l``irt kiuedl k(bo/

pnrtbndbtâ piur sl aictlctlr k(ieslrvlr lt kl kâarbrl# Kl pdus$

piur dn oçol rnbsic qul cius nvics obs lc duobêrl dls `irols

pnélccls kl dn aicsablcal gusqul ajlz dls ariyncts kl d(jlurlprâslctl$ bd cius `nut aicstntlr dn plrsbstncal kls slctbolcts

ajrâtblcs kl prâ`ârlcal ajlz alux qub cl ariblct pns# N alttl

aickbtbic sludl citrl kâoicstrntbic nurn quldqul pirtâl# Alttl

tåajl jlurluslolct lst k(nvncal í oibtbâ rlopdbl# Kncs dls

pnhls qub prâaêklct$ cius nvics kâgí slctb í pdusblurs rlprbsls

aiool ucl râsbstncal ippisâl pnr dn aicsablcal ajrâtblccl nux

nssnuts ku cnturndbsol pnélc# Onbs$ kncs tiut dl aiurs kl al

trnvnbd$ cius nvics lc iutrl bckbquâ al qul snbct Noeribsl$

a(lst/í/kbrl dl ajrbstbncbsol$ ngiutnbt kl kâ`bcbtb` í dn aicsablcal

juonbcl# [iut lc siuolttnct í uc slaick lxnolc als âdâolcts

kbvlrs kl citrl aicsablcal$ cius c(nvics lc hrnckl pnrtbl qu(í

cius rldbrl lt í cius râsuolr#

Bd cius `nut k(neirk olttrl í pnrt alrtnbcs âtnts k(lsprbt qub$

piur râlds qu(bds siblct $ kntlct k(jblr# Nurict/bds pdus kl kurâl qul

alux nuxqulds bds suaaêklct$ lt onrqulct/bds uc rltiur sârblux

í kls bkâls uc bcstnct oâaicculs$ iu cl sict/bds nu aictrnbrl

qul kls pjâcioêcls kl rânatbic pnssnhlrs 9 Dn hâcârntbic qub

cius subvrn piurrn sludl trncajlr al kâent# Nbcsb citrl tlops

n âpriuvâ al qu(ic n jlurluslolct nppldâ dn cistndhbl ku

kbvbc *>"# Nprês nvibr `nbt d(lssnb diynd kl dn plcsâl pisbtbvl$ bd n

slctb aiool dl ondnbsl k(nppâtbts iuedbâs$ bd n ajlrajâ$ lt bd n aru

rltriuvlr Kblu# Lt aiool cius c(nvics pns lcairl bcvlctâ kl

*>" Dnvbssl$ dn Hâcârntbic kl >:2=#



AICAD\QBIC# • ;08

kblu qub cl rlssloedåt pdus iu oibcs nu Kblu kl d(Lvnchbdl$ bd

n su``b qul al cio `öt kl ciuvlnu pricicaâ$ piur qu(ic vãct

ntdbroir *Vul « dl ajrbstbncbsol âtnbt kncs d(nbr ¶# [iugiurs lst/bd

qu(lc rlntrnct kncs dn vbl oirndl$ Kblu y n `nbt rlctrlr í sn

subtl dls prbcabpndls nttbtukls qub ict kl tiut tlops anrnatârbsâ

dn vbl oirndl ku ajrâtblc# Dn rnbsic$ kâèul kncs sic lspibr kl

rlckrl Kblu bcutbdl$ rlprlcnbt dl pdb kl s(bcadbclr$ lc oçol

tlops qul dn aicsablcal nu aictrnbrl dichtlops ipprboâl pnr

dn ariyncal í ucl cnturl bckb``ârlctl lt í kls `ntndbtâs bcâdua/

tnedls kncs d(irkrl siabnd aiool kncs d(irkrl cnturld$ rlaio/

olcènbt kl aribrl k(neirk lc lddl/oçol#

ûldquls syoptûols aicaiobtncts nttlbhclct ucl prâabsbic

pdus hrnckl# Bd y n uc klob/sbêadl$ dn sablcal âtnbt ucl rldbhbic$

lt alttl rldbhbic âtnbt nux nctbpikls ku ajrbstbncbsol 6 onbs lddl

lst kâgí oirtl# Ic rlpriajl í dn sablcal sls lspârncals sncs

pripirtbic nvla al qu(lddl lc n pu rândbslr# Qls aicquçtls prn/

tbquls sict boolcsls$ onbs lddl c(n pns `nbt slcsbedlolct nvnc/

alr dl priedêol qu(lddl nvnbt priobs kl râsiukrl$ dl slud qub

cius bctârlssl$ aldub kict cius siools d(ieglt# Ic dub rlpriajl

pnr subtl kl aicsuolr cis vbls kncs kl prâtlctblusls vncbtâs *>"$

lt ic aiopnrl dl audtl qul cius nvics piur lddl í aldub qu(lu/

rlct dls Uionbcs piur dn rjâtirbqul$ dl oiylc åhl piur dn sai/

dnstbqul$ k(iò ic aicadut qu(uc giub/ alttl sablcal tnct lxndtâl

tioelrn kncs d(lstbol kls jiools nu rnch qul kncs dl citrl

iaauplct nugiurk(jub rjâtirbqul lt saiãnstbqul *5"# Ic n aictrl

lddl k(nutrls hrbl`s# Lddl n kbobcuâ d(jiool lc dl rlolttnct í sn

pdnal kncs d(lcsloedl kls ajisls$ lt lc `nbsnct kl d(juoncbtâ

oûol dn ìrol trncsbtibrl k(ucl âvidutbic qul sic őuvrl prâ/

*>" [ib/Q[Ié$ kncs _*3 Olssnhlr ku Qirk$ í pripis k(uc kbsaiurs kl O# Widn

lt *d(ucl dldtrl kl O# Kuons 7 « ûib. ic viukrnbt qul gl aicsnabnssl onvbl í d(âtukl kl d(jârâkbtâ sldic O# Dioerisi$ iu ku dbqubkl kl Fiaj$ lt

í klux giurs kl on oirt ic o(npb"rlckrn qul tiutls als vârbtâs c(âtnblct

qul kls sitdbsls . Gl cl vbs alplcknct qu(ucl ìbs# ¶

*5" Bk#



;0: AICAD\QBIC#

slctl cl sntbs`nbt gnonbs# Cis pêrls ict jicirâ dn sablcal piur

lddl/oçol# Uâvlbddâs kl alttl suplrstbtbic pnr sls aicsâqulcals

boprâvuls$ cius siools lc trnbc k(lc rnolclr d(ieglt nu rnch

k(bcstruolct lt kl oiylc$ pdnènct nbddlurs citrl bkând lt citrl

`bc *>"$

Nvla dn sablcal$ als priaâkâs ncclxls$ d(ncndysl lt dn arbtbqul

qub `bcbsslct pnr tiut kbssiukrl$ sict `rnppâs kl suspbabic# Alst

d(bctlddbhlcal tiut lctbêrl lc`bc qub lst aiool lctrnãcâl kncs

dn `nbddbtl oirndl kl dn sablcal lt rnenbssâl nu pri`bt k(nutrls

`naudtâsklcitrlçtrl*5"# Nalpibctklvul$ dlxvcS lt dl xvbbb(( sbêadl$

pdus bctlddlatundbstls qul dn `bc kl citrl xbx' sbêadl$ âtnblct nussb

pdus pnélcs# Cius lc vlcics í triuvlr uc slcs priìck í al

râabt kl dn Ebedl qub `nbt ku kâsbr kl snvibr dn tlctntbic k(iò

tiut dl ond lst sirtb 6 cius nboics qul d(ic aribl í quldqul ajisl$

qunck eblc oçol d(ieglt kl alttl ìb c(nurnbt rblc kl rldbhblux$

lt cis syopntjbls vict nux npûtrls kl tiut irkrl# Cius cius

kâ`bics nu aictrnbrl kl alux qu(ic npplddl kls « bctlddlatulds ¶$

dls tnxnct k(âhiésol lt k(bopubssncal# Cius âpriuvics piur dls

sbopdls$ piur alux qub cl râ`dâajbsslct pns$ uc slctbolct pdus

vibsbc kl d(lcvbl qul kl dn pbtbâ# Cic sludlolct cius dlur lc/

vbics dlur sârâcbtâ$ dlur ìb bctnatl$ dlur vlrtu nux sidbkls

nssbsls$ onbs cius cius klonckics sb kncs dls âclrhbls spic/

tncâls kl d(íol bd c(y n pns$ nussb eblc qul kncs dn râ`dlxbic$ uc

oiylc k(nrbvlr í dn vârbtâ# Cius ajnssics kica dn râ`dlxbic kl

sic kionbcl priprl lt y bcstnddics í sn pdnal d(bctubtbic# Nux

*>" Al cl sict pns dí sludlolct kls bkâls priprls í uc pltbt aâcnadl kl

@rncènbs# Lddls hlrolct kncs tius dls aibcs kl d(Luripl$ cic sludlolct lc

Uussbl$ onbs lc Lspnhcl# « #dl ol kâ`bl kl dn sablcal$ kbsnbt râaloolct uc

jiool k(Âtnt kl al pnys# Gl ol kâ`bl kl dn sablcal piur dn sablcal# Qb dn

sablcal c(lst pns eiccl$ a(lst *du(lddl c(lst pns vrnbl### Q(bd y n ucl sablcal

qub n``brol quldn ìral prbol dl kribt$ bd `nut dn pdnalr nu rnch kls `dânu#x$

dn viulr í râtlrclddl ondâkbatbic# ¶ *Kbsaiurs kl *dnstldnr í dnQireiccl$

Giurcnd kls Kâents$ >: civloerl >::2#"

*5" Pibr Eârlchlr$ PL`ìrt#



AICAD\QBIC# ;02

lopbâtlolcts kl dn sablcal$ cius râpickics pnr kls lopbâtl/

olcts lc slcs aictrnbrl# A(lst d(jbstibrl kl tiutl rânatbic# \cvlct kl oystbabsol siu``dl nbcsb sur dn plcsâl aictlopirnbcl#

Nvla dl pâajâ kl sablcal$ cius nvbics aioobs dl pâajâ ku

oib lt kl d(bckbvbkuntbic *>"$ qub lst ucl nutrl `nal ku pâajâ

k(irhulbd# Lt$ qulddls qul siblct dls rânatbics í vlcbr$ cius

nvics prbs kl dn vndlur kl d(bckbvbku ucl aicsablcal qub cl

piurrn pdus çtrl iuedbâl# 9sius c(lc nssbstics pns oibcs í uc

boolcsl rloirks kl dn pjbdisipjbl lt kl d(ipbcbic$ qub ict obs

tribs sbêadls í bsidtr d(bckbvbku$ sius prâtlxtl kl d(âoncabplr#

D(őuvrl kl O# Ulcnc onrqul d(npihâl kl d(bckbvbkundbsol lt dl

aioolcalolct kl sn kâanklcal *5"# Kncs alttl plcsâl sb sue/

glatbvl lc l``lt n triuvâ pdnal dl slctbolct ncxblux lt bricbqul

kl d(bopubssncal kl d(bckbvbku$ lt kâgí cius lc nvics rlcaictrâ

d(lxprlssbic# \cl nutrl `ibs$ O# Ulcnc n dnbssâ tioelr kl sn

eiuajl alttl oâdncaidbqul pripjâtbl7 « Gl arnbcs qul dl trnvnbd ku

xx% sbêadl cl aicsbstl í rltbrlr ku pncblr ucl `iudl k(lxalddlctls

bkâls qul dl xbx% y nvnbt âtiurkbolct gltâls *1"# ¶ ‛ Al trnvnbd

lst kâgí aioolcaâ# \cl aicalptbic ciuvlddl ku kribt nppnrnãt

í d(jirbzic pjbdisipjbqul# Ic rlonrqul al qul dl kribt n k(nr/

tb`babld lt kl slaicknbrl kncs cis aicsablcals *;"# Ic sl klonckl

sb dn citbic kl gustbal n âtâ nutrl ajisl qu(uc prihrês privb/

sibrl$ uc najlobclolct câalssnbrl vlrs ucl aioprâjlcsbic

pdus jnutl kl dn sludl vrnbl vlrtu$ kl dn ajnrbtâ# Ic sl klonckl

lcairl sb `nbrl kl dn aicsablcal bckbvbkulddl dl guhl lc klrcblr

rlssirt kls klvibrs qul dn siabâtâ plut lxbhlr k(lddl$ al c(lst

*Bg Lxprlssbics kl O# @iubddâl VUlvul pjbdisipjbqul$ b%%( gncvblr >:2;$ p# 5:"#

*5" Pibr Pihuâ$ Nprês O# Ulcnc VUlvul kls Klux Oickls$ >< civloerl >:25"$

lt QÂNbDDLQ$)n Oâtjikl pjbdisipjbqul klO# Ulcnc VUlvul pjbdisipjbqul$ d%%% gubd/

dlt >:2;"#

*1" Ulcnc$ Uâalptbic kl O# Adnrltdl#

*;" « Dl snuvnhl bhcirl dl pdus siuvlct dn gustbal lt dl kribt priprlolct

kbt# Onbs bd lst susalptbedl k(uc oiuvabbbacd kl gtbtbâ# ¶ *Hu ynb6$ Oirndl sncs

iedbhntbic cb sncatbic$ p# Pbd#"



;8= AICAD\QBIC#

pns d(bcvbtlr í ajbanclr sur dls dbobtls kl als klvibrs$ lt ic s(l`/

ìral kl râaicabdblr dl kribt nvla d(noiur# Cius cl `nbsics pns

nddusbic sludlolct bab í kls pidâobquls kl trbeucl iu kl prlssl#

Dn qulstbic lst pisâl sur dl tlrrnbc oibcs erödnct kl dn kbsaus/

sbic pjbdisipjbqul *>"# Dn pjbdisipjbl ku kribt$ kict cius nvics

pnrdâ nbddlurs$ lst ucl pjbdisipjbl k(jblr 6 alddl kl klonbc$ pnr

uc sbchudblr rltiur$ sloedl klvibr çtrl elnuaiup pdus prês kls

bkâls ajrâtblccls# Cius nssbstics í dn rlvncajl kl dn ajnrbtâ#

Cius nssbstics í k(nutrls rlvncajls lcairl# Cius ajlrajics

kl tiutls pnrts í rlaicstbtulr dls hriupls `dbssius$ privbcals$

airpirntbics$ ucbvlrsbtâs# Nux arântbics nrtb`bablddls kl dn rnb/

sic$ dibs lt aicstbtutbics$ cius ippisics dls dlctls prikuatbics

k(uc pnssâ ncicyol$ dl sör bcstbcat ku plupdl qub slud snbt

kicclr dn vbl nux bcstbtutbics lt nux bkâls$ siuvlct aickno/

câls pnr dls snhls$ qu(bd nkiptl# Lc uc oit$ nprês nvibr rçvâ

k(ucl siabâtâ aicstrubtl nu airklnu pnr dls hâioêtrls kl dn pidb/

tbqul$ cius cius bcadbcics klvnct d(brrntbiccld lt d(bcaicsablct#

Kl oçol$ kncs d(irkrl kl dn tjâirbl$ cius siools rlvlcus kl

cis oâprbs piur als arbtêrls boplrsicclds 7 dn trnkbtbic lt dl

aicslctlolct ucbvlrsld# Dl slctbolct kl dn ìudl cius sloedl$

sur alrtnbcls qulstbics nu oibcs$ piuvibr çtrl obs lc endncal nvla

dls kâkuatbics kls nrbstiarntls kl dn plcsâl$ lt nvibr d(bctubtbic

kl rnbsics supârblurls í dn rnbsic# \cl sablcal spâabndl$ dn siabi/

dihbl$ s(lst kiccâl aiool ìcatbic kl râbctâhrlr d(bckbvbku kncs

dl airps siabnd lt kl dl oictrlr kâplcknct pnr tiutls dls `berls

kl sic çtrl# Bd c(y n pns kl oit pricicaâ pdus siuvlct nugiur/

k(jub qul aldub kl sidbknrbtâ# Dn sidbknrbtâ lst uc `nbt lt lddl lst

uc klvibr$ al qub lst ucl jlurlusl rlcaictrl# Cius pnrdlrics

pdus dibc ku klvibr kl sidbknrbtâ# Onbs$ qul cius y kiccbics iu

cic citrl aicslctlolct$ cius lctrics dls ucs kncs dls nutrls$

*>" Pibr dn tjêsl kl O# Ubajnrk sur PIrbhbcl kl rbkâl ku kribt$ lt dl

aioptl rlcku qub lc n âtâ d(nbd pnr SB# Elrcâs kncs dn Ulvul kl oâtnpjysbqul

lt kl oirndl#



AICAD\QBIC# ;8>

cis vidictâs$ cis rlspicsnebdbtâs sict dbâls# Kncs d(irkrl oirnd$

bd c(y n pdus kl oblc cb kl tblc clttlolct kâ`bcbs# Al qub `nbsnbt

kbrl í uc bchâcblux âarbvnbc qul dn tjâirbl kl dn râvlrsbebdbtâ

kls oârbtls lt pnr subtl alddl kls bckudhlcals vndlct oblux qul

dlur râputntbic$ lt qu(lddls cl sict nprês tiut qu(ucl ìrol kl

aiooucbsol$ dl aiooucbsol kls åols *>"# Ic piurrnbt kbrl

dn oçol ajisl kl dn kiatrbcl ku pâajâ jârâkbtnbrl# Bd c(lst pns

gusqu(í dn citbic k(Lhdbsl$ a(lst/í/kbrl k(nssiabntbic piur dl eblc$

piur dl sndut$ k(nssiabntbic lctrl dls vbvncts$ lt k(nssiabntbic

lctrl dls vbvncts lt dls oirts$ qub cl rlaioolcal í pibckrl

kncs kls lsprbts dberls kl tiutl nttnajl nvla d(ucl kls Lhdbsls

lxbstnctls# ûibqul dn vlrtu sibt eblc piur ajnauc kl cius dn

tåajl dn pdus bckbvbkulddl$ piur aldtl tåajl oçol cius âpriu/

vics aiool uc elsibc k(nssbstncal lt k(ucbic# ‛ Ic vibt aio/

eblc ãbius siools dibc kâgí kl dn plcsâl pjbdisipjbqul qubn `nbt

dn Uâvidutbic$ lt nvla quld lctrnbc cius rloictics dl aiurnct#

Kl d(bckbvbkundbsol âtnbt câl dn duttl piur dn vbl kict dn ìrol$

kncs cis siabâtâs abvbdbsâls$ lst dn duttl piur d(nrhlct# D(nrhlct

kbsputâ pnr tnct kl onbcs abraudn nvla pdus kl rnpbkbtâ qul

gnonbs# Ic bcvlctn kls oiylcs kl dl `nbrl abraudlr sncs `ntb/

hulr dls kibhts qub dl aioptlct# Dls ìrtucls sl tbrlct lt sl kâ/

`brlct kncs d(lspnal k(ucl hâcârntbic# Dlur anrnatêrl$ kl `nobdbnd$

klvbct dub nussb bckbvbkuld# [rip vbtl naqubsls$ lt lxpisâls í

trip kl rbsquls$ lddls plrkbrlct alttl kiuedl kbhcbtâ qul kicclct

uc pnssâ lt dn alrtbtukl k(uc dlcklonbc# Nussb$ lc oçol tlops

qul d(nrhlct klvbct d(ieglt kl aicvibtbsls pdus nrklctls$ bd

alssn k(çtrl ieglt kl rlsplat# Als klux l``lts cl sict aictrnbrls

qu(lc nppnrlcal6 lt bds lxpdbqulct í lux klux d(bctlcsbtâ aribs/

snctl kl d(lcvbl í dnqulddl sict lc euttl alux qub pissêklct#

Dl slctbolct kl dn dâhbtbobtâ k(ucl priprbâtâ trip bcstnedl lst

âerncdâ# Ajisl aurblusl$ a(lst klpubs qu(bd lst plrobs í tius kl

*>" Gudls Dfonãtrl$ Diubs Paibddid#



;85 AICAD\QBIC#

klvlcbrrbajls qu(bd pnrnãt pdus bcgustl kl cl pns d(çtrl6 lt a(lst

dn kâoiarndbi qub pnrkiccl dl oibcs nux pnrvlcus# Qb d(nrhlct

rêhcl nugiurk(jub$ sic rêhcl cl `nbt qul kls râvidtâs$ lt tius

ajlrajlct í aldtl duttl sncs olrab kls kribts lt kls nppâtbts uc

rloêkl$ sur dn cnturl kuquld k(nbddlurs bd y n oibcs k(ucncb/

obtâ# Onbs dn `nbddbtl kl dn gustbal râkubtl í lddl/oçol$ lt d(bc/

surrlatbic kl dn aicsablcal aictrl dl piuvibr kl d(nrhlct sict

klux `nbts naqubs$ lt al sict klux `nbts ajrâtblcs#

D(nrhlct lt dn oirndbtâ cius sloedlct í al pibct lcclobs qul

citrl aicsablcal cl snbt quld sirt `nbrl í klux prâtlckuls vlr/

tus kict cius nvics pnrdâ pdus jnut 7 d(âaiciobl lt d(âpnrhcl#

Kncs ucl Qiabâtâ k(âaiciobl pidbtbqul$ ic n râaloolct aic/

tlstâ dls eblc`nbts kl d(âpnrhcl$ kl d(âpnrhcl kict dl ondtju/

sbncbsol lst í dn ìbs ucl ìrol lt ucl aicsâqulcal *>"# Lt

a(âtnbt kncs ucl Qiabâtâ k(âaiciobl pidbtbqul . Kncs alrtnbcs

obdblux$ iò s(âdneirlct dls bkâls oirndls aiool dls nutrls$ dl

trnvnbddlur qub âpnrhcl lst susplat 6 a(lst uc nspbrnct pntric$

lt sls `ribkls noebtbics rbsqulct kl `nbrl tirt lc dub í dn `rncajl

anonrnklrbl# Bd lst sb kb``babdl kl prntbqulr klux vlrtus í dn ìbs#

Cius cl cius sanckndbsics pdus kl dn pnrtbndbtâ kl d(Lvnchbdl

piur d(lc`nct prikbhul# Ic d(n rlonrquâ nvla kâdbantlssl$

« d(jiool kl pdnbsbr onrqul pnrìbs ucl bcaicsablcal kl sib$

ucl neslcal klandaud$

aiool ucllxndtntbic qub c(lst pns sncs

rnppirt nvla dn hâcârisbtâ 6 a(lst piurquib uc jiool kl pdnb/

sbr i``rl siuvlct pdus kl prbsl í ucl kbrlatbic oirndl qul

d(jiool bctârlssâ 6 a(lst dn oçol âti``l qub `nbt pnrìbs dls

hrncks snbcts lt dls hrncks pâajlurs *5" ¶# Cius cl aicadurics

pns kl dí qu(bd `nbddl$ piur oblux `nbrl sic sndut$ aioolcalr

pnr cnvbhulr vlrs d(nutrl eirk$ onbs plut/çtrl cl aicvblct/bd

# *>" O# Rvls Huyit# *Pibr Giurcnd kls Kâents$ >0 onrs >:21$ âkbtbic

edncajl#" \c giurcndbstl í bkâls$ O# Jlcry Onrlt$ n râaloolct siutlcu

ucl tjêsl ncndihul#

*5" Undu$ \lvul kl oâtnpjysbqul lt kl oirndl$ gncvblr >:2b$ p# 0:#



AICAD\QBIC# ;81

pns cic pdus$ piur çtrl snhl nux ylux kl Kblu$ k(çtrl trip snhl

nux ylux ku oickl#

Dls bkâls qul cius vlcics k(lxprbolr sict aiool dls pdus

râalctls ndduvbics nppirtâls í dn aicsablcal kl al tlops# Lddls

cl aicstbtulct pns lcairl uc sid `lrol# Qb cius c(nvbics pns

k(nutrls prluvls kl dn plrsbstncal lc cius kl dn trnkbtbic ajrâ/

tblccl$ citrl kâoicstrntbic slrnbt eblc bcalrtnbcl lt eblc `dit/

tnctl# Ajlrajics kica nutiur kl cius uc ajrbstbncbsol qub sibt

kl oibcs `rnãajl kntl$ lt qul d(ic cl pubssl prlckrl piur ucl

oikl# N vrnb kbrl$ lctrl tius dls slctbolcts qul cius rlspbrics$

cius c(nvics qul d(loenrrns ku ajibx piur y kâaiuvrbr dls

dibctnbcs l``lts kl d(Lvnchbdl# Cius vbvics kncs ucl ntoispjêrl

ajrâtblccl sncs y prlckrl hnrkl# A(lst pnral qul cis åols lc

sict boprâhcâls qul cius siools pdus `rnppâs pnr dls âdâ/

olcts kbsairkncts qub ict pâcâtrâ lc lddls$ iuedblux kl alux

qub `irolct dlur irkbcnbrl suestncal# Kâgí cius nvics vu kncs

d(ieslrvntbic bcqubêtl kl sib/oçol$ kncs dl sarupudl$ kncs dl

aioolral spbrbtuld nvla Kblu$ kls `irols kl dn vbl oirndl irb/

hbcnbrls ku ajrbstbncbsol qub sl sict pripnhâls$ kbvlrsb`bâls$ nu

pibct qul cius cl piuvics kbrl qulds sict alux kl cis slctb/

olcts qub slrnblct al qu(bds sict$ sb cis pêrls c(nvnblct lu d(jneb/

tukl kl d(lxnolc kl aicsablcal lt c(nvnblct prntbquâ dn aic/

`lssbic# Kâgí cius nvics sbhcndâ kncs d(lxqubsl bkândbtâ qu(n

rlvçtul uc slctbolct pri`ncl lctrl tius$ dl slctbolct kl

d(noiur$ ucl aicsâqulcal bcnttlckul kl dn prâkbantbic ajrâ/

tblccl# Citrl åol n tlddlolct prbs dl pdb rldbhblux *Vu(lddl pirtl

pnrtiut$ lt gusqul kncs d(noiur lcairl$ sn viantbic piur dl sn/

arb`bal lt sic elsibc k(bc`bcb# Al elsibc k(bc`bcb$ d(nctbqubtâ pdus

snhl cl dn pns âpriuvâ nu oçol klhrâ# Lddl c(n pns aiccu cis

tiurolcts lt cis kâslspârncals# Qic bkând âtnbt pdus eircâ# Dn

cnturl lt d(lxpârblcal prâslctl$ iu sn pådl rlprikuatbic kncs

ucl âtlrcbtâ plu lcvbnedl$ dl aictlcnblct tiut lctblr# Dl ajrbs/

tbncbsol n kiccâ í d(juoncbtâ dl prlsslctbolct lt dl kâsbr kl



;8; AICAD \QBIC#

gibls pdus jnutls$ lddls eântbtukls rçvâls dub ict kâsnpprbs dls

oiklstls pdnbsbrs k(bab/ens# [nct qu(ucl ìb rieustl cius `bt

nttlckrl nvla sârâcbtâ dn rândbsntbic kl als rçvls$ dn vbl prâ/

slctl lc rlèut uc rl`dlt qub d(bdduobcn sncs dn triuedlr# Onbs bd

lst nrrbvâ qul cius nvics rnolcâ sur dn tlrrl kls noebtbics

qu(lddl cl piuvnbt pirtlr$ lt nvics klonckâ í cis pubssncals

k(nbolr lt kl slctbr nu kldí kl dlurs ìrals juonbcls 6 kl tlddl

sirtl qul alttl kbspripirtbic lctrl citrl kâsbr lt dn rândbtâ n sn

kiuedl anusl kncs citrl ìb lt kncs d(iuedb qul cius lc nvics

`nbt# Dl slctbolct qu(lddl kâtlrobcl lc cius lst kica uc slc/

tbolct bssu ku ajrbstbncbsol$ sbcic uc slctbolct ajrâtblc#

Ic piurrnbt kbrl dn oçol ajisl kl elnuaiup kl cis slctbolcts

oiklrcls# Cius cl piuvics pdus çtrl pnélcs aiool ic d(âtnbt

nvnct dl ajrbstbncbsol# D(bkând lctrlvu cius jnctlrn dichtlops

lcairl$ oçol sb cius lc kâtiurcics citrl plcsâl$ aiool k(uc

rçvl kict cius siools âvlbddâs# Kl pdus$ tlddls kl cis bkâls

qul cius nvics kiccâls piur pnélccls ict ucl irbhbcl nu

oibcs aiopdlxl 6 lt uc lxnolc pdus nttlctb` y vlrrnbt oçol dn

tnrkbvl âadisbic kl hlrols ajrâtblcs# A(lst dl ajrbstbncbsol$

cius d(nvics kbt$ qub n n``rncajb dn plrsiccl juonbcl kls dibs

cnturlddls lt n kiccâ kl sic bcvbidnebdbtâ dls rnbsics dls pdus

jnutls# D(bkâl ku kribt$ tiutl gurbkbqul nvnct dub$ lst rldbhblusl

nprês dub# ‛ D(kkâl ku prihrês$ í sic tiur$ c(lst pns câalssnbrl/

olct ucl jypitjêsl brrâdbhblusl lt slcsundbstl$ aiool lssnyl

kl dl kâoictrlr O# Huynu kncs sic dbvrl sur Lpbaurl# Ic kâoic/

trlrnbt pdus nbsâolct qu(lddl bopdbqul dn ìb kncs dn ]rivbklcal$

uc kls kihols ìcknolctnux ku ajrbstbncbsol# ‛ D(noiur kl

d(lc`ncal$ sb citrl cnturndbsol s(y âpnciubt$ lst lc uc nutrl

slcs uc jioonhl rlcku í dn sbopdbabtâ$ í dn `nbedlssl lt í dn

purltâ# ‛ Onbs pnrob dls slctbolcts aicstbtutb`s kl citrl aics/

ablcal oiklrcl$ nuauc c(n ucl irbhbcl pdus clttlolct ajrâ/

tblccl qul dn tidârncal$ quibqul al slctbolct nbt âtâ iuedbâ pnr

alux/dí oçols qub d(nvnblct bcvlctâ# Al sict dls ajrâtblcs$ lc



AICAD\QBIC# S%(S

l``lt$ qub ict dls prloblrs âoncabpl dn aicsablcal ku piuvibrabvbd$ lc `nbsnct kl dn rldbhbic ucl nddnbrl k(Nol$ lt kict dn ìb

pdutût qul dl audtl lst d(lsslcal# Dn tidârncal lst ajrâtblccl í

uc nutrl tbdrl$ pubsqu(lddl priaêkl kl dn eblcvlbddncal$ pubsqu(lddl

lst ucl kls ìrols kl dn ajnrbtâ$ dn ajnrbtâ kl d(bctlddbhlcal# [ld

lst lc l``lt dl cio qu(jblr gustlolct ic dub kiccnbt *>"#

Lt tius als slctbolcts$ lt eblc k(nutrls kl oçol irkrl$ ict

triuvâ pdnal kncs citrl dbttârnturl lt d(ict rlciuvldâl pnr dl

klkncs# Gusqul sius kls ìrols nctbquls cius olttics kls

plcslrs ciuvlnux# Onbs alrtnbcls ìrols nussb sict ciuvlddls$

lt bckbrlatlolct bssuls$ cius d(nvics oictrâ$ kls oikls kl dn

plcsâl rldbhblusl# >> sloedl oçol qul al ajrbstbncbsol dbttâ/

rnbrl nbddl s(naalctunct 6 anr citrl nrt oiklrcl vbt k(bkâls$ lt al

c(lst pdus sludlolct kncs dls slroics qu(bd `nut nugiurk(jub

ajlrajlr dn oirndl# Ir als bkâls sict ajrâtblccls piur dn pdu/pnrt# ‛ Dl ajrbstbncbsol c(lst pns sludlolct lctrâ kncs dn

dbttârnturl$ bd lst lctrâ kncs dls dibs lt kncs dls `nbts# Bd c(y n

pdus k(lsadnvls pnrob cius# Dls `lools sict kncs dn `nobddl

dls âhndls kl dlurs onrbs 6 nu kljirs lddls vbvlct kncs ucl

ntoispjêrl kl tlckrl rlsplat# Lt kl alttl pnrtbabpntbic kl dn

`lool í dn vbl bctlddlatulddl lt oirndl$ dn plcsâl juonbcl$

d(nrt$ dn vbl siabndl ict sueb dn kiual bc`dulcal# A(lst dn abvbdb/

sntbic ajrâtblccl qub n pirtâ als `rubts# A(lst sur lddl nussb

qu(ict piussâ tiutls cis dbelrtâs# \cl ìbs qul d(åol s(lst

triuvâl n``rncajbl$ n âarbt bo jbstirblc *5"$ dl pdus kb``babdl âtnbt

`nbt$ lt dn dbelrtâ lst klvlcul pissbedl kncs d(irkba siabnd# bZitrl

kâoiarntbl lc`bc lst dl râhbol dl pdus âvnchâdbqul sius dlquld

ucl siabâtâ nbt gnonbs vâau$ lt al anrnatêrl s(n``brol í olsurl

qul kâoiarntbl cl sbhcb`bl pdus sludlolct âhndbtâ bddusibrl lt

tjâirbqul$ onbs pritlatbic kls `nbedls$ onbs l`d(irt aictbcu piur

supprbolr kl dn siu``rncal lt piur âdlvlr alux qub sict lc ens#

*>" #Bddls Dfonãtrl$ Kbsaiurs í d(Nssiabntbic kls âdukbncts$ >:2;#

*5" @us[LD KL HiuDNCHLQ$ dn Abtâ nctbqul$ p# ;82#



;80 AICAD\QBIC#

]iur najlvlr [aQtukl kl al ajrbstbncbsol kb`ùs lt dntlct$

kbsics qul tiutls dls pjbdisipjbls oiklrcls sict ajrâtblccls

kl quldqul `nèic# Cius cl viudics pns pnrdlr sludlolct ku

oicitjâbsol nuquld dn pjbdisipjbl kl d(Iaabklct sloednbt cl

piuvibr nrrbvlr pnr sls sludls ìrals$ cb ku spbrbtundbsol aictlo/

pirnbc$ qub c(lst qu(uc ajrbstbncbsol sncs dl Ajrbst lt tiut al

qul sn prâslcal ngiutl# Onbs k(nutrls tjâirbls$ oûol oibcs

eblc vuls kls ariyncts$ cius sloedlct nvibr kâvldippâ quldquls

prbcabpls ajrâtblcs dichtlops stârbdls piur dn pjbdisipjbl# Anrdl ajrbstbncbsol nynct nkiptâ trip `nabdlolct kls pjbdisipjbls

tiutls `nbtls 7 stiéabsol$ pdnticbsol iu nrbstitâdbsol$ a(lst

dirsqu(bd lut suaalssbvlolct âpubsâ al qub rlstnbt kl vbtndbtâ í

ajnaucl k(lddls qu(bd vbt sirtbr kl dub/oçol pdus kl pjbdisipjbl

priprl qu(bd c(lc ariynbt aictlcbr# Kiccics kl alttl `âaickbtâ

boprâvul quldquls lxlopdls# Dn aickubtl juonbcl âtnbt ajisl

trip sbopdl lt trip adnbrl

piurdls ncablcs#

Dlpdus

hrnckk(lctrl

lux$ Nrbstitl$ c(n/t/bd pns obs cis natls lc syddihbsols9 Dls

kiatrbcls kl dn hråal lt ku pâajâ bctrikubsbrlct kncs dn psyaji/

dihbl ucl sndutnbrl iesaurbtâ# Eblc kls kiatrbcls aictlopirnbcls

dls aictbculct kncs alttl ìcatbic$ qub lc sict pdus iu oibcs

kbrlatlolct bssuls# Ic plut nvla pdus kl alrtbtukl kâaiuvrbr$

kncs dls dbobtls bopisâls í citrl `naudtâ kl aiccnãtrl$ ucl kls

ìrols tnrkbvlolct nplrèuls kl al oçol kihol ku pâajâ#

Ic plut oûol sl kloncklr aioolct ucl tjâirbl iptbobstl kl

dn aiccnbssncal n pu rlstlr sb dichtlops nssiabâl í d(bkâl k(ucl

cnturl kâajul# Dls kiatrbcls aictlopirnbcls ìct prluvl lc

tiut ans k(ucl oiklstbl bctlddlatulddl qub cius sloedl pdus

ajrâtblccl qul tiutl nutrl nttbtukl kl d(lsprbt *>"# A(lst uc dblc

pdus âtribt lcairl qub rnttnajl nu kihol kl dn Z1rântbic dn

tjâirbl kl dn dbelrtâ kbvbcl# Nvnct dl ajrbstbncbsol dn câalssbtâ

lst nu aőur kls ajisls# Dls nesidus kls ncablcs pjbdisipjls

*>" A`# Dâvy/Erujd$ Gnaiàg$ p# ZPBB#



AICAD\QBIC# ;88

sict kls cios kbvlrs ku klstbc# Qlud dl ajrbstbncbsol ndãrncajbt

Kblu# Bd `nddnbt lc l``lt qu(bd `öt arântlur piur qu(bd `öt dberl *> "#

‛ Pibab lc`bc ucl pjbdisipjbl kict tiutl dn plcsâl kl al sbêadl

lst pdlbcl$ dn pjbdisipjbl kl Fnct# Ic n pu nppldlr Fnct dl

klrcblr kls ]êrls kl d(Lhdbsl# Bd slrnbt bctârlssnct kl oictrlr

tiutllqub$ kncs sn kiatrbcl$ gustb`bl alttl npplddntbic# Onbs alttl

kâoicstrntbic `lrnbt lc pnrtbl kiuedl lopdib nvla alddl qub vn

subvrl# Cius nvics jåtl lc l``lt kl qubttlr dn pjbdisipjbl$ dn

pidbtbqul iu dn dbttârnturl kl citrl tlops piur cius eirclr í

sn oirndl# Ir$ sur dls pibcts lsslctblds$ alttl oirndl lst í dn

ìbs fnctblccl lt ajrâtblccl# ‛ Lt râpâtics bab qul d(ucncbobtâ

qul cius nddics cius l`ìralr kl aicstntlr sur als quldquls

pibcts kibt aioprlckrl ariyncts lt bcariyncts#

Dls ucs lt dls nutrls olttlct dn oirndbtâ nu/klssus kl tiut

dl rlstl$ lt c(islrnblct d(nviulr$ s(bds cl dl `nbsnblct pns# [ld lst

dl prloblr nrtbadl kl citrl arlki oirnd# Elnutâ lt sablcal sict

sueirkiccâls# Lt aiopnrâls í dn vlrtu$ tiutls dls hrncklurs

k(bab/ens alsslct kl aioptlr# « Klvnct d(juoedl eiurhlibs lc

qub gl vibs d(jiccçtltâ ku anrnatêrl pirtâl í uc klhrâ qul gl

cl vibs pns lc oib/oçol$ oic lsprbt s(bcadbcl$ qul gl dl vlubddl

iu cic$ lt sb jnut qul gl pirtl dn tçtl piur dub `nbrl rlonrqulr

dn supârbirbtâ kl oic rnch *5" ¶# A(lst dl ajrbstbncbsol$ cius

d(nvics kbt nbddlurs$ qub n nbcsb obs í pnrt$ qub n lxndtâ dls

qundbtâs ku aőur$ lt dn vlrtu tiutl cul# Kl dí$ lctrl dls oirndls

ajrâtblccls lt dls oirndls nctbquls$ uc kbsslctbolct pdutût

sius/lctlcku qu(lxprboâ sur dn vndlur oçol kl dlur ieglt#

Klvibr cl trnkubt pns i``babuoS onbs n uc slcs í dn ìbs pdus

rlstrlbct lt pdus âdlvâ# Qius dl oit dntbc eblc kls ajisls sict

aicìckuls qul cius cl aicìckics pdus#

Nu ùr lt í olsurl qul dl klvibr oictl kncs citrl plcsâl$

bd lst pdus âtribtlolct dbâ nux priedêols udtbols kict d(jiool

*>" A`# DbNbbK$ Klsanrtls$ p# >25#

*5" F#TO$ Arbtbqul kl dn rnbsic ggrntbqul$ bråk# Enrcb$ p# 515#



;8Q AICAD\QBIC#

lt dl oickl sict d(ieglt lt [lcglu# >> piuvnbt aicvlcbr í ucl oi/

rndl pdnaâl oibcs jnut kl klolurlraiool í [nerb kls vlcts$ bckâ/

plcknctl kls rldbhbics lt kls systêols# Dn oirndl ku tlops prâ/

slct suebt tius dls aictrl/aiups 6 lddl lxpbl dn prââobclcal qul

cius dub naairkics pnr dls bcaicculs nuxqulddls cius d(nssiabics#

Bd y n onbctlcnct uc priedêol oirnd qub c(lst qu(ucl `nal ku

priedêol pjbdisipjbqul lt rldbhblux# Qncs kiutl dls iedbhntbics

kl kâtnbd cl sict pns nttlbctls pnr dn vnrbnebdbtâ kls systêols$

lt cius nvics pu kbrl qul tius s(lctlcknblct piur pritâhlr dn

oirndl# Onbs$ iutrl qul alttl pritlatbic lst pdus iu oibcs l``b/

anal$ lddl boprbol í dn aickubtl ucl irblctntbic vlrs kls `bcs

qub pluvlct kb``ârlr# K(nutrl pnrt$ kl al aioolral nvla

d(bkâl kl citrl klstbcntbic$ lt kl dn klstbcntbic ku oickl kict

dn cûtrl lst sidbknbrl$ citrl plcsâl oirndl rltbrl uc anrnatêrl

kl hrncklur lt citrl vbl uc bctârçt qul dls âvâclolcts aictbc/

hlcts slrnblct bopubssncts í dlur kicclr# Ir a(lst dl ajrbstbn/

cbsol qub n salddâ í kl tlddls priìcklurs kncs d(íol juonbcl

d(ucbic kl dn oirndl lt kl dn rldbhbic$ qul alttl ucbic n survâau

nux ìrols kbvlrsls qul dn rldbhbic lt dn oirndl lddl/oçol ict

rlvçtuls#

Al c(lst pns nsslz kbrl# Dn oirndl$ í ìral kl sl aic/

ìckrl nvla dn rldbhbic$ n hnrkâ k(ucl rldbhbic d(naalct lt

dl oikl k(natbic sur dls åols# Nynct rlcicaâ í s(nppuylr

sur dn sablcal$ lddl `nbt nppld lc cius í dn ìb$ a(lst/í/

kbrl qu(lddl siddbabtl ucl nkjâsbic k(uc anrnatêrl pdus plr/

siccld$ pdus bctbol qul alddl kict dls vârbtâs kâoictrâls

sict d(ieglt# [ld lst d(jlurlux l``lt kls oystêrls qu(lddl

lc`lrol lt$ aiool tiutl rldbhbic$ lddl cius tblct nttnajâs

pnr sic bcalrtbtukl oçol# ]ubs kl al pibct kl kâpnrt$ dn

ariyncal nu eblc dub/oçol$ dn ìb rnyiccl kncs uc hrnck

cioerl k(lsprbts lt âadnbrl kls priedêols piur dlsqulds ciusc(nvics pns k(nutrl duobêrl# ‛ Dl slctbolct kl d(iedbhntbic

lst nu oçol tbtrl uc vlstbhl kl ajrbstbncbsol kncs cis åols#



AICAD\QBIC# ;82

Qadbiplcjnulr n rnbsic qunck bd npplddl rbrnpârndb` antâhirbqul

kl Fnct « uc rlstl ku Kâandihul$ ¶ al qub$ k(nbddlurs$ í citrl

slcs$ c(lc bc`brol nuauclolct dn vndlur *>"# Cius ieâbssics

kica nu klvibr aiool í uc kblu$ lt bd y n kl dn pbâtâ kncs alttl

ieâbssncal# ‛ D(bkâl kl rbsqul$ qu(ic n lssnyâ kl suestbtulr í

alddl k(iedbhntbic$ n dn oçol irbhbcl ajrâtblccl$ lt ]nsand lc

nvnbt kâgí `nbt kncs sic pnrb d(usnhl qul d(ic snbt# Qb cius

nkobrics kncs ]dntic alttl bkâl ucl ìbs lxprboâl k(uc elnu

rbsqul í aiurbr$ a(lst qul cius nkobrics kl prâ`ârlcal ajlz dls

ncablcs dls prlsslctbolcts kl cis bkâls í cius# Onbs dn oirndl

nctbqul n k(irkbcnbrl dl hiöt kl dn sâaurbtâ$ lt prâtlck nsslibr

dn aickubtl sur ucl aiccnbssncal alrtnbcl# A(lst dn vlrtu ajrâ/

tblccl qub prlck nppub sur ucl jypitjêsl# ‛ Hråal í alttl

oçol jypitjêsl$ dl ajrbstbncbsol n bctrikubt kncs dls aics/

ablcals dls citbics kl snarb`bal$ k(iuedb nu oibcs oiolctncâ kl

sib/oçol$ qub y sict rlstâls$ qub y ict hrnckb gusqu(í s(n``rncajbr

prihrlssbvlolct kl tiut andaud# N olsurl qul citrl plcsâl

s(âdêvl lt rltriuvl als citbics$ lddl sl rnppriajl kica k(ucl

trnkbtbic qu(lddl c(n pns iuedbâl6 lt citrl oirndl$ ku oibcs kncs

sls pnrtbls dls pdus jnutls$ c(lst qu(uc ajrbstbncbsol dnéabsâ#

N kls iedbhntbics qub sl prâslctlct nbcsb$ ucl sludl râpicsl

kl d(åol aicvblct$ `nbtl k(nuknal cnévl kncs d(naaiopdbsslolct

kl al qu(ic aribt dl eblc$ k(l`ìrt bctbol$ kl siuobssbic$ kl ìb#

Ic d(npplddl$ k(uc cio três sbopdl lt três elnu$ dn eiccl

vidictâ# Dl ajrbstbncbsol$ riopnct nvla dls oirndls bctlddlatun/

dbstls kl d(nctbqubtâ$ nvnbt dl prloblr priobs dn pnbx kl Kblu nux

åols qub c(y ict pibct k(nutrl tbtrl# Ku oçol aiup$ bd sues/

tbtunbt í ucl vlrtu nrbstiarntbqul qub klonckl kl d(âtukl$ kl

d(bcbtbntbic$ ucl vlrtu naalssbedl í tius# A(lst d(âhndbtâ ìckn/

olctndl qu(bd priadnonbt pnr dí$ d(âhndbtâ kncs dl oârbtl# Q(bd yn quldqul prbvbdêhl$ bd lst piur alux qub cl sl sict pibct

*>" Pibr$ Q`xrftnc$ ]rbcabpl kl dn oirndl$ p# <2$ uc kâvldipplolct qul al

c(lst pns bab dl dblu kl rlprikubrl#



;:= AICAD\QBIC#

sipjbstbquk rnol pnr trip kl rnbsicclolcts lt trip k(bctârçts$

qub ku oibcs ict su hnrklr dn sbopdbabtâ ku aőur# Lt vibdí qul

citrl pjbdisipjbl$ nprês eblc kls kâtiurs$ lc rlvblct í kâaiuvrbr

nu ìck kl tiutl vlrtu alt âdâolct aicstbtutb`$ dn eiccl vidictâ#

[ld slrn lc l``lt dl trnbt aioouc kls oirndls kl al sbêadl$

ajrâtblccls sur al pibct siuvlct ondhrâ lddls# Dn aicsablcal

puedbqul lst bab k(naairk nvla dn pjbdisipjbl$ bckudhlctl nu

arbobcld kl eiccl ìb$ lt bchâcblusl í kâaiuvrbr dls onrquls kl

alttl eiccl ìb# Qb eblc qul dn kiatrbcl kl dn eiccl vidictâneiutbt í cl pibct guhlr$ iu í pnrkicclr# Onbs c(nctbabpics

pibct sur als aicsâqulcals pnab`bantrbals lt `rntlrclddls k(uc

ajrbstbncbsol oblux aioprbs nugiurk(jub qul gnonbs# Dn oçol

kiatrbcl$ kl dn oirndl$ n rltlctb sur dn pjbdisipjbl lctbêrl lt n

obs nu prloblr rnch kncs d(lxpdbantbic kls ajisls dls pubssncals

k(nbolr lt kl viudibr$ kl prâ`ârlcal í d(bctlddbhlcal kâhrnkâl kl

sic nctbqul suprâontbl# Kl oçol lc`bc qul citrl pjbdisipjbl

n aicsbstâ í rltriuvlr ucl vblbddl lt sbopdl vârbtâ$ citrl l`ìrt

bckbvbkuld kibt aicsbstlr í cius rl`nbrl « plupdl ¶$ lt í rlstnurlr

kncs cis åols triuedâls dn purltâ kls bctlctbics#

Al c(lst pns ajisl `nabdl$ ku oibcs piur dls çtrls supârblurs

qub lxpblct nbcsb dlur supârbirbtâ# Onbs tnckbs qul d(âkuantbic

oirndl aicsbstnbt surtiut$ piur uc Qiarntl$ kncsdn aiccnbssncal

kl cis klvibrs$ lddl lst onbctlcnct pdus vrnbolct oirndl$

a(lst/í/kbrl qu(lddl pirtl sur dn vidictâ lddl/oçol$ sur dn aics/

ablcal# Ir dn vbl kl dn aicsablcal$ kês qu(ic lctlck pnr dí

nutrl ajisl qu(ucl encndl jiccçtltâ$ cl sl arâl pns sncs l`ìrt$

sncs duttl$ sncs ucl sirtl kl onrtyrl bctârblur kl cius/oçols#

Lddl suppisl ucl aicvlrsbic kl tiut citrl çtrl# Lddl suppisl

lcsubtl$ piur çtrl lctrltlcul lc cius$ tiut uc râhbol k(åol

iò dls ajrâtblcs sict pnssâs onãtrls$ nu pibct kl `nbrl kbrl

í uc aictlopirnbc *>" « qul dl olrvlbddlux ajrâtblc$ a(lst

>" O# @nhult#



AICAD\QBIC# ;:>

ucl íbcl ajrâtblccl# ¶ Onbs piur alttl rnbsic ic s(lst dichtlops

kâ`bâ kl al râhbol qub sloednbt lctnajâ kl trip kl rldbhbisbtâ#

Ic lst eblc ìraâ k(y rlvlcbr$ snu` í dl sâaudnrbslr nutnct qul

pissbedl# Nviulrics/cius qu(ic c(y râussbt pns tiut í `nbt$ lt qul

dl siuab kls ajisls kl d(åol n kl tiut tlops prâkbspisâ í dn

syopntjbl piur dn plcsâl rldbhblusl9 N ìral kl rlhnrklr nu

klkncs kl cius$ ciusòbssics tiugiurs pnr y kâaiuvrbr Kblu*d"#

]nrob dls olbddlurs bd lc lst oçol qub rltriuvlct$ pnr dl dberl

kâvldipplolct kl dlur plcsâl oirndl$ dls vlrtus ajrâtblccls

dls pdus aictlstâls$ dls vlrtus nsaâtbquls# Kls glucls hlcs islct

kbrl ku eblc kl dn ajnstltâ# D(bopbtiynedl dihbablc qub$ ku jnut

k(ucl kls pdus hrnckls hdibrls dbttârnbrls kl al sbêadl$ s(lst

kiccâ í tåajl kl triuedlr dn siocidlcal kl cis aicsablcals$ `nbt

kl dn oirtb`bantbic d(npprlctbssnhl bckbsplcsnedl kl dn ajnrbtâ *5"#

[idstié cl glöcl pns piur d(noiur kl Kblu$ onbs piur d(noiur

kl sls sloednedls# Bd glöcl tiut kl oçol$ lt plut/çtrl nvnbt/

ic obs quldqul bcaicsablctl ondbal í cl vibr kncs dl glöcl

qu(ucl prntbqul rldbhblusl piur s(lc n``rncajbr nvla oibcs kl

rloirks# Q(bd lc lst nbcsb$ cius nurbics n``nbrl í ucl kl als

vlrtus kict dn kbspnrbtbic onrqul$ aiool cius d(nvics kbt

pdus jnut$ oibcs ucl irblctntbic ciuvlddl qu(ucl enbssl kl dn

oirndbtâ#

Nkolttics tiutlìbs qul cius siyics dí lc `nal k(uc priedêol

qul dls aicsablcals bckbvbkulddls trncajlct sldic dlurs tlckncals$

iu sldic kls trnkbtbics qu(lddls prlcclct piur kls rnbsics# Cius

rltriuvlrics kls alrtbtukls lt alttl ucncbobtâ lc quçtl kl

*>" D(âvidutbic kls bkâls oirndls kl tld rioncablr aictlopirnbc$

]# Eiurhat pnr lxlopdl$ lst ucl vârb`bantbic kl dn dib qul cius ìroudics#

*5" [idstié$ ]râ`nal í dn trnkuatbic russl kl [jl LtjfS i`Kblt$ kl Jnvnrk

Xbddbnos# >> pisl lc prbcabpl$ qul piur râlddlolct nbolr dls nutrls$ bd `nut

npprlckrl í cl pns s(nbolr lc `nbt# K(iò dn câalssbtâ kl d(nestbclcal# Onbs

d(nestbclcal kibt s(lc prlckrl nux pnssbics dls pdus sbopdls$ nvnct kl s(lc

prlckrl nux pdus aiopdbquâls# Dn vlrtu bcbtbndl slrn kica dn sierbâtâ kncs

dn ciurrbturl$ dl glöcl#

\#OPLBBQB[L KL Dyu#C# ‛ PBBB# 1>



;:5 AICAD\QBIC#

d#bqulddl cius siools$ sb cius pnssics$ piur lopdiylr kls

kbstbcatbics oiklrcls$ kl dn ìrol í dn ontbêrl kl citrl

oirndbtâ# >> lst uc klvibr sur dlquld tius s(lctlcklct$ qub slrt

nux nutrls klvibrs$ aiool cius vlcics kl dl aicstntlr í d(bcs/

tnct oçol$ kl ìcklolct$ qub lst plut/çtrl tiutl dn dib$

a(lst dl klvibr kl ajnrbtâ# [iutls dls pjbdisipjbls kl al sbêadl$

pnrtbls kls nctbpikls oçols kl dn pjbdisipjbl ajrâtblccl$ sl

rlcaictrlct nvla lddl kncs alttl prâkbantbic aiooucl# Kls ìr/

oudls ciuvlddls nppnrnbsslct$ pirtnct ajnaucl dn trnal k(uclirbhbcl kihontbqul qub dub lst priprl# Onbs al qu(bd y n k(âtlrcld

kncs d(ndtrubsol iu dn pbtbâ$ a(lst tiugiurs dn ajnrbtâ# Kncs dn

kâeåadl kl cis klvibrs$ aldub/dí klolurl lt hrnckbt$ râussbssnct

oçol í lc snuvlr quldquls nutrls qub s(nttnajlct í dub# Dl

aiotl kl Qnbct/Qboic priadnonbt qul dn oirndl c(nvnbt pns

`nbt ucl kâaiuvlrtl$ lt cl piuvnbt lc `nbrl ucl sludl$ klpubs

qul als pnridls ict âtâ pricicaâls 7 « Nbolz/vius dls ucs dls

nutrls *>" ¶#

Alplcknct ic pnrdl k(ucl vlrtu ciuvlddl qub sl suestbtulrnbt

kncs dn oirndl kl klonbc í dn ajnrbtâ$ dn sidbknrbtâ# Ic sl dnssl

nbcsb kls oits dls pdus rlsplatâs$ lt siuvlct uc ajnchlolct

k(âtbqulttl plrolt nux vblbddls ajisls kl kurlr# Bd `nut nviulr

qu(bd y n dí alplcknct pdus qu(uc ajnchlolct kl oit# Qidbknrbtâ

bopdbqul âhndbtâ$ aiooucnutâ$ outundbtâ# Ndirs kl klux ajisls

d(ucl 7 iu cius prntbquics alttl ciuvlddl vlrtu nvla ucl

nrrbêrl/plcsâl k(âajnchl$ piur çtrl pnyâs kl rltiur$ lt al c(lst

pdus dn ajnrbtâ$ onbs al c(lst pdus oçol ucl vlrtu6 ‛ iu cius

dn prntbquics kncs uc lsprbt qub lc `nbt nu aictrnbrl uc klhrâ

supârblur kl alttl ajnrbtâ# Anr dl slctbolct kl dn sidbknrbtâ kls

obsêrls lt kls `nutls juonbcls ûtl nu eblc`nbt tiut irhulbd lt

tiutl nolrtuol nu pnrkic# Anr kl d(jiool í d(jiool dn kbs/

tncal lst rnppriajâl lt kls dblcs sict ciuâs# Lc iutrl$ aiool

*>" Pibr nrtbadl kl@nhuad {Ulvul kls Klux Oickls$ di gubc >:2;"#



AICAD\QBIC# ;:1

cius prlcics citrl pnrt kl al qub c(lst pns priprlolct cûtrl$

cius `nbsics dn pnrt k(nutrub kncs cis gibls$ kncs cis suaaês$ lt

cius pâcâtrics d(åol kl rlaiccnbssncal piur als aiddneirntlurs

bcaiccus qub c(ict qu(lc cius dlur râaioplcsl# Cius cius

slctics lctbc$ nbcsb qul dl viudnbt snbct ]nud *>"$ aiool dls

oloerls k(uc oçol airps$ lt cl ariyics pdus `nbrl uc natl

oârbtibrl qunck dn siu``rncal k(nutrub rltlctbt lc cius# Dn

sidbknrbtâ nbcsb lctlckul lst ucl ajnrbtâ kict n kbspnru tiutl

bkâl kl aicklsalckncal# Ngiutics qul dn pjbdisipjbl qul al

oit bopdbqul vblct í d(nppub kl dn rêhdl kl vbl qu(bd lxprbol#

Dn sidbknrbtâ cius n``rncajbt pdus pdlbclolct ku oib kncs dn

prntbqul$ nprês lc nvibr kncs dn tjâirbl rlcku pdus dåajl dn

citbic# D(nrklctl aiooucbic í dnqulddl ic cius aicvbl cl `nbt

pdus qu(najlvlr d(őuvrl kl dn cnturl#

K(nutrls tjâirbls pjbdisipjbquls ict nppirtâ í dn kiatrbcl

kl dn ajnrbtâ dlur utbdl aictrbeutbic# Dn citbic pdus lxnatl kl

dn vndlur kl d(bckbvbku n rljnussâ dl prbx kl d(noiur# « Qb aldub

qub nbol c(âtnbt qu(uc `nctûol k(çtrl$ qul kicclrnbt/bd$ c(âtnct

rblc$ lc sl kiccnct dub/oûol9 Lt sb aldub qu(ic nbol c(lst í

sic tiur qu(uc sloednct k(çtrl$ qul plut/ic nbolr lc dub *5"9 ¶

Kl oçol uc slctbolct pdus vb` kl al qu(bd y n kl kbhcbtâ juonbcl

kncs dl pnuvrl oûol lst lc trnbc$ cius d(nvics vu$ kl trncs/

`irolr d(nuoûcl$ lc d(n``rncajbssnct kl tiutl tutlddl i``lcsnctl

lt lc dn rlcknct pdus `rntlrclddl# A(lst dí$ cius d(nvics kâgí

dnbssâ lctlckrl$ sius d(nppnrlcal k(ucl kâanklcal$ uc prihrês

kl dn ajnrbtâ# Nbcsb cius aioprlcics kl oblux lc oblux dn

onxbol âvnchâdbqul nu kldí kl dnqulddl bd c(y n pns kl prihrês

pissbedl sldic Qnbct/Qboic$ lt cius lc kâvldippics dl rbajl

aictlcu#

rsius cl cius aictlctics pibct kl rl`nbrl dn tjâirbl kl dn

*>" BAir#$ ZBV$ >8#

*5" Iddâ/Dnpfdcl$ Kbsaiurs í dn kbstrbeutbic kls p6(bu6 ku aid\ha Qtncbsdns$

>:21#



;:; AIbCAD\QBI#C#

ajnrbtâ$ cius d(nvics rlstnurâl lddl/oçol kncs cis aőurs6 ku

oibcs citrl `lrvlur n/t/ldda rlkiuedâ kncs al sbêadl# ]iur

pdusblurs rnbsics kict cius nvics kbt quldquls/ucls$ dls sbêadls

prâaâklcts ict prbs lc pntblcal dls obsêrls siabndls# Ondlerncajl$

kncs uc ajnpbtrl kl sic [rnbtâ kl oirndlS rlaioonckl kl s(lc

rlolttrl í dn snhlssl kls ribs ku sibc kl airrbhlr dls neus$ lt

surtiut kl aioptlr sur dls râpnrntbics í vlcbr *>"# Cius siools

oibcs pntblcts nugiurk(jub$ cic sludlolct piur cis priprls

onux$ onbs piur dls onux k(nutrub# \c arb kl gustbal edlssâl

lopdbt d(nbr nutiur kl cius# Lt al cl sict pns sludlolct alux

lc qub lddl snbhcl qub d(ict piussâ6onbs bd y n kl dn pbtbâ vrnbl

lt ku kâsbctârlsslolct kncs d(ntoispjêrl ajnrhâl k(irnhl qul

cius rlspbrics# Kbobculr dn siu``rncal c(lst pdus sludlolct

lc iutrl d(iaaupntbic pblusl kl quldquls eiccls åols$ a(lst dl

siuab kl tius# ]jbdisipjls$ piêtls$ jiools pidbtbquls$ iu

sbopdls jiools kl eblc$ ajnauc lst siddbabtâ pnrdl

oçolpriedêol lt lc piursubt í sn oncbêrl dn sidutbic# Qb dls pri/

pjêtls k(Bsrnæd rlvlcnblct pnrob cius$ bds y lctlckrnblct aiool

uc dibctnbc âaji kl dlurs pdnbctls k(nutrlìbs# Lt bds s(âticcl/

rnblct plut/çtrl qul al sibt tiugiurs í rlaioolcalr# Lc quib

bds slrnblct bcgustls 6 anr cius siools slcsbedls í kls obsêrls

lt í kls ipprlssbics qub dlur nurnblct pnru eâcbhcls# Cis

Najne í cius ict oibcs kl `âriabtâ$ onbs citb(l nppâtbt kl

gustbal ariãt nu ùr lt í olsurl qu(bd sl sntbs`nbt# D(âhndbtâ kls

kribts n dichtlops erbddâ klvnct cius aiool uc bkând qu(ic

c(nttlbckrnbt gnonbs# Cius âpriuvics onbctlcnct aioeblc a(lst

ucl pltbtl ajisl qu(uc bkând rândbsâ$ lt cius ajlrajics

quldqul dulur ciuvlddl qub hubkl cis nspbrntbics lt cis

râìrols#

Cic sludlolct dn ajnrbtâ lst sur cis dêvrls$ lddl lst kncs cis

natls$ lddl lctrl kncs cis dibs# Cius nvics kâgí `nbt nddusbic

*>" Ondlerncajl$ [rnbtâ kl ocbbkb $ BB$ =#



AIbCAD\QdIC# ;:<

nux őuvrl9qub

surhbsslct lt qul cius cius l`ìrèics kl `nbrlnussb cioerlusls lt nussb kbvlrsls qul dls ìrols kl dn obsêrl#

Dn dib$ qub gusqu(bab c(âtnbt qul d(lxprlssbic ku kribt$ subt d(âvi/

dutbic kl alttl bkâl oçol lt sl `nbt dn pritlatrbal kl alux *Vub

cl pluvlct sl pritâhlr$ lc oçol tlops qu(lddl klvblct _"dus

pbtiynedl piur alux qub ict `nbddb# Dl kribt rionbc lst sur dl

pibct kl rlaudlr kncs cis aikls klvnct d(Âvnchbdl# Onbs cius

nvics âobs dn arnbctl qul dn pnrt ku aőur cl sibt kbobcuâl pnrdí oçol$ lt qul alttl duttl irhncbsâl aictrl dn obsêrl cl prbvl

ajnauc kl cius ku kiux klvibr kl `nbrl dl eblc# Alttl arnbctl

lst vnbcl# Bd y nurn tiugiurs kls pnuvrls pnrob cius# Dn

pnuvrltâ$ lc l``lt$ n kls anusls âtlrclddls nu ìck oçol kls

cnturls bckbvbkulddls$ kls anusls pdus psyajidihbquls qul

siabndls# ]ubs cis pnuvrls klvblckrnblct/bds oibcs pnuvrls$

qu(bopirtl í dn ajnrbtâ$ sb dl pibks kl alttl obsêrl oibckrllst tiugiurs dl oçol9 Dls åols nurict kica tiugiurs n``nbrl

nux åols$ lt dn piussâl kl d(lsprbt puedba nurn pirtâ kl pdus lc

pdus dls olbddlurls vlrs alt lopdib kl dlurs âclrhbls#

Lc`bc$ bd lst tlops kl dl kbrl$ dn pnuvrltâ c(lst pns dl slud kls

onux nuxqulds dn ajnrbtâ s(nkrlssl$ lt al qub kiccl nux bkâls

siabndls kl al tlops ucl pirtâl pdus jnutl$ a(lst qu(lddls cl

sict pns uc pjâcioêcl bsidâ$ onbs d(uc kls aiurncts kncsdlsqulds sl kâvlrsl ucl syopntjbl vrnbolct âdnrhbl# D(jiool

lst klvlcu lc l``lt pdus ajlr í d(jiool# Dn kiatrbcl kl dn

duttl piur dn vbl$ iò citrl tlops nvnbt triuvâ kls lxausls$ dub

n lcsubtl dnbssâ aiool uc rloirks# Dls kâalptbics oâtnpjy/

sbquls cius ict lcairl rnppriajâs dls ucs kls nutrls$ aiool

kncs ucl aiooucl obsêrl# ]ubs dn siu``rncal n âtâ prioul

ieglt kl audtl$ lt kl d(ieslssbic oystbqul qu(lddl cius anuslcnãt uc slctbolct pdus nttlckrb kl `rntlrcbtâ# BC(ius âpriuvics$

í plcslr qul cis giubssnuals sict `nbtls kl dn plbcl k(nutrub$

uc sarupudl qub dlur kiccl uc hiöt k(nolrtuol# Cius cl snvics

pdus giubr# Kl oçol cius cl snvics pdus oâprbslr6 cius cl



;:0 AICAD\QBIC#

snvics pdus jnér#ûnck cius siools lcclobs$ cius dl

siools sncs aicvbatbic$ lt d(lopirtlolct kl dn duttl gnonbs

cl dub survbt# Onbs dl vnbcqulur triuvl kncs sic trbiopjl

oçol ucl trbstlssl nutrlìbs bcaiccul lt rlsslct$ nvla kl dn

pbtbâ piur dl vnbcau$ aiool ucl jictl kl sn priprl vbatibrl#

Cius vibdí eblc dibc kls slctbolcts oirnux k(Jioêrl$ al

ajnctrl kls âpbquls vlchlncals# Lt a(lst piurquib uc bddustrl

aictlopirnbc *>"$ sl `nbsnct pripjêtl$ prâkbt d(nvêclolct kâ`b/

cbtb`$ sur dn rubcl kl tiutls cis lxpârblcals oirndls$ kl dn dib

kl ajnrbtâ$ lt vibt kâgí d(juoncbtâ prçtl í sl dnbsslr lcvnjbr pnr

dn « ìdbl kl d(noiur ¶#

Cius c(nvics pns elsibc k(nbddlurs kl rlaiurbr nux pripjâtbls

iu í kls ncndysls qub cl siblct qul sueglatbvls# Kl d(Lvnchbdl

sl kâkubslct sius cis ylux kls aicsâqulcals qul kls sbêadls

pdus irtjikixls nurnblct rlpiussâls# Aiool dls bckbvbkus$ dls

plupdls cl snvlct pdus jnér$ lt dn `rntlrcbtâ kls cntbics nppnrnãt

aiool uc bkând kl oibcs lc oibcs kârnbsiccnedl# Cis aic/

quçtls$ oûol aidicbndls$ ict nugiurk(jub elsibc k(lxausls#

Kncs dls rnppirts k(bckbvbku í bckbvbku$ d(ioerl oçol k(ucl

slrvbtukl cius i``lcsl# Kl dí dn arbsl kl dn kiolstbabtâ$ ku

sndnrbnt$ als lsadnvnhls aioeblc nttâcuâs . arbsl kiudiurlusl$

onbs í d(bssul eblc`nbsnctl kl dnqulddl bd `nut aribrl# Dn dib

bcaiccul ku pnrkic ìral$ quibqul tbobklolct$ d(lctrâl kl cis

aicsablcals6 lt al qu(ic löt tnxâ jblr kl dåajltâ lt kl `nbedlssl

nppnrnãt onbctlcnct aiool dn suprçol snhlssl lt dn pdus

kiual vlrtu# Kls rioncablrs cius oictrlct dls i``lcsls dls pdus

slcsbedls í d(jicclur triuvnct hråal klvnct dl slctbolct k(ucb/

vlrslddl aioobsârntbic iò cis priprls kiudlurs sl plrklct$ lt

citrl pbtbâ lopirtnct citrl aidêrl *5"# Lc`bc ic n isâ kl citrl

tlops rlciuvldlr dl pnrnkixl âvnchâdbqul sur dn tiutl/pubssncal

*>" Ndlx# Kuons#

*5" Pibr Kib(Oba$ Dn tjâirbl ku pnrkic kncs dl rionc aictlopirnb8b VUlvul

kls Klux Oickls$ >< `âvrblr >:2;"#



AICAD\QBIC# ;:8

kl dn kiualur# Ic n isâ$ aictrl tius cis slctbolcts cnturlds$aictrl k(âvbklctls câalssbtâs siabndls$ siutlcbr qu(bd cl `nut pns

râsbstlr nu oâajnct#

Cius vlcics kl abtlr kls rioncs# Kl tius dls slctbolcts

ajrâtblcs qub sict klvlcus$ aiool cius d(nvics kbt$ ontbêrl

dbttârnbrl$ dn ajnrbtâ lst lc l``lt aldub qub n dl pdus lcrbajb lt dl

pdus pri`ickâolct rlciuvldâ d(nrt kl citrl tlops# [nckbs qul

dn dbttârnturl dnéqul ku xvc'% sbêadl n$ snu` kl rnrls naalcts$ tiutld(bckb``ârlcal kl d(nrt nctbqul$ ic plut kbrl kl dn dbttârnturl kl

al sbêadl qu(lddl lst dn dbttârnturl kl dn siu``rncal juonbcl#

Dl rionctbsol oçdnbt quldqul irhulbd bckbvbkuld oçol í dn

tlckrlssl lt í dn pbtbâ# J y n kncs d(âoitbic kls őuvrls aictlo/

pirnbcls pdus kl sbcaârbtâ lt k(juobdbtâ# Ltal qul cius nttlckics

kl ajnaucl k(lddls$ a(lst qu(lddl cius nppirtl ucl rnbsic k(nbolr

qub c(nbt pns lcairl âtâ nppirtâl# Lctrl tiutls dls dbttârnturls

ajrâtblccls$ a(lst dn dbttârnturl kl citrl âpiqul bopbl qub n dl

pdus nrkloolct pnrnpjrnsâ dls pnridls sirtbls kl dn eiuajl

ku Ajrbst$ lt plut/çtrl piur alttl rnbsic dub kibt/ic elnuaiup

pnrkicclr#

Onbs c(nvbics/cius pibct priobs$ piur alttl `bc kl ajnpbtrl$ kl

cius eirclr í citlr kls `irols bcaictlstâls kl dn aicsablcal9

Ondhrâ cius klsoncb`lstntbicsrâalctls$ ltk(ucdlcklonbc oibcsnssurâ$ cius ict nttbrâ# A(lst qu(bd cl su``bt pns kl kbrl qul quldqul

ajrbstbncbsol survbt lc cius# Ondhrâ d(nppnrlcal$ cius siools

lc quldquls pibcts pdus ajrâtblcs qul cis pêrls *>"$ lt bd `nddnbt

rlklsalckrl gusqu(í d(jlurl prâslctl piur subvrl als prihrês

bcnttlckus kl d(lsprbt kl ajnrbtâ# Kncs ucl elddl pnhl kls Oâ/

gcibrls k(iutrl/tioelS Ajntlnuerbnck suppisl qu(bd nbt í rl`nbrl

dl Hâcbl ku ajrbstbncbsol$ lt bd kâadnrl qu(nu dblu kl rnppldlrdls eblc`nbts lt dls bcstbtutbics ku pnssâ$ bd oictrlrnbt qul dl

ajrbstbncbsol lst dn plcsâl kl d(nvlcbr lt kl dn dbelrtâ$ dn plcsâl

*>" O# kl Erâoick k(Nrs n nopdlolct kâvldippâ dn oçol tjêsl$ Dn vlrtu

oirndl lt siabndl ku ajrbstbncbsol#



; :: AICAD\QBIC#

râkloptrbal qub ìckl râhndbtâ siabndl# >> ngiutl qu(bd tåajlrnbt

kl « klvbclr dn kbstncal iò cius siools lcairl kl d(naaiopdbs/

slolct titnd kl d(Lvnchbdl$ lc supputnct dl cioerl kls onuxkâtrubts lt kls noâdbirntbics ipârâls kncs dls kbx/jubt sbêadls

âaiudâs kl al aûtâ/ab kl dn aribx ¶# Ajntlnuerbnck n rnbsic#

Dncbvrl kl d(Lvnchbdl c(lst pns najlvâl$ sb lddl kibt s(najlvlr

uc giur$ lt sn `âaickbtâ c(lst pns âpubsâl *>"#

Al qub kncs d(ncablccl ìb lst dl pdus âerncdâ$ a(lst$ sloedl/

t/bd$ al qub y nvnbt âtâ ngiutâ í dn kntl rldntbvlolct dn pdus râalctl#Cius nvics âpriuvâ d(bcsu``bsncal lt aiool d(âhiésol kl al

ajrbstbncbsol ku oiylc åhl$ aldub kict Pdobtntbic lst dn pdus

pnr`nbtl lxprlssbic$ qub cl s(iaaupl qul kl d(bckbvbku lt pibct

kl dn siabâtâ# Cius nvics râtrihrnkâ gusqu(í d(Lvnchbdl qub$ dub

nu aictrnbrl$ piussl í d(natbic lt í tiut al qub rnppriajl dls

jiools# A(lst citrl sbêadl qub n naaiopdb al oiuvlolct kl

ciuvlddl râìrol lt al rltiur vlrs d(lsslcal oçol kl dn ìb *5"#

Ic n aru rlonrqulr qul$ sur eblc kls pibcts$ dn sêvl rionbcl

tnrbssnbt kncs cis bcstbtutbics lt kncs cis oőurs *1"# Lc rldb/

hbic$ í aiup sör$ cius siools oibcs Uionbcs$ a(lst/í/kbrl

oibcs siuablux kl olttrl dls ariyncals lc ìroudls lt k(lc`lr/

olr als ìroudls kncs uc aikl$ oibcs jnctâs pnr alt bkând

k(irkrl lt kl kbsabpdbcl$ dn dâhbic$ qub$ klpubs dn dlttrl kl Adâ/

olct nux Airbctjblcs$ n plsâ sur d(Lhdbsl# Onbs cius siools

nussb oibcs sâkubts pnr dn oâtnpjysbqul kls Hrlas# Bd y n kls

suetbdbtâs qub cius pnrnbsslct prlsqul bcaicvlcnctls qunck lddls

sl rnppirtlct í Kblu# Dn tjâirbl kl d(bcaiccnbssnedl n tlopârâ

*>" « D(Lvnchbdl lst kncs d(nvlcbr eblc pdutût qul kncs dl pnssâ# Lt pdus

ic `bxl sic nttlctbic sur al suglt$ oibcs ic plut s(lopçajlr kl aicstntlr

ucl hrnckl nbbbcbdâ lctrl alt Âvnchbdl iuedbâ lt dls olbddlurls nspbrntbics

kl d(lsprbt oiklrcl# ¶ *Xnhcfr$ Gluclssl$ p# 128#"

*5" Pibr nrtbadl kl Erucldbêrl sur Dnolccnbn {Ulvul kls Klux Oickls$

d% `âvrblr >:21"#

*1" Pihuâ$ Dl klrcblr dbvrl kl O# [nbcl {Ulvul kls Klux Oickls$ >% nvrbd

>:2;"#



AICAD\QBIC# ;:2

citrl nrklur kl aioprlckrl lt kl olsurlr d(ieglt kl citrl `ib#

Cius siools kica pdus prês kl dn plcsâl kl snbct Noeribsl

tlddl qul dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs d(lxprbol$ plcsâl tiutl oirndl

lt iò dn adbnrbtâ iaaupl dn prlobêrl pdnal$ qul kl alddl kl dn

pdupnrt kl sls prâkâalsslurs lt kl sls aictlopirnbcs# Al qul

cius rltlcics ku ajrbstbncbsol$ a(lst al qul$ sldic dn rlonrqul

kl Qtunrt Obdd *>"$ uc kbsabpdl cl piuvnbt ngiutlr lt otlrpidlr$

a(lst d(lcslbhclolct ku Ajrbst# « ]nbx nux jiools kl eiccl vi/dictâ ¶ 6

« nbolz/vius dls ucs dls nutrls$ ¶ sict$ cius d(nvics

kâoictrâ$ dls pnridls qub râsuolrnblct nvla dn pdus lxnatl

aicabsbic d(âtnt natuld kl cis ariyncals oirndls# Aldn su``bt piur

qu(í dn qulstbic qul cius cius âtbics pisâl$ í snvibr sb als

ariyncals sict ajrâtblccls$ cius râpickbics 7 iub#

Cius siools pnélcs lt cius siools ajrâtblcs$ vibdí kica

dls klux aicadusbics aictrnkbatibrls nuxqulddls cius nvicsneiutb# Qplcalr cius rlprâslctl klux rldbhbics sl kbsputnct

d(juoncbtâ$ dn rldbhbic kl dn jnbcl$ lt dn rldbhbic kl d(noiur#

Alddl/ab n sic âvnchbdl kncs d(Lvnchbdl$ alddl/dí kncs dls âpipâls

lt kncs dls jbstibrls kls Hrlas lt kls Dntbcs# D(juoncbtâ prbob/

tbvl c(nvnbt qu(ucl rldbhbic7 d(juoncbtâ ku dibctnbc nvlcbr$ lddl

nussb$ c(lc nurn qu(ucl# Cius lc nvics klux$ pnral qul cius

siools pdnaâs í ob/ajlobc kncs dl aiurs kl dn abvbdbsntbic# Kuajrbstbncbsol slud vblckrnbt nbcsb tiutl vlrtu lt tiut prihrês *5"#

Cius c(nvics pns í rlkbrl aioeblc alttl `nèic kl prâslctlr dls

ajisls slrnbt bcgustl piur d(nctbqubtâ# Ic cl s(nttlcknbt pns í

vibr Qplcalr rlprlckrl dls tjêsls kl [lrtuddblc# Onbs bd rlstl vrnb

qul klux oirndls$ qub cl sl aic`icklct pns tiugiurs$ sl pnrtnhlct

citrl aicsablcal$ lt qul dn plcsâl oiklrcl n klux irbhbcls vlrs

dlsqulddls lddl bcadbcl tiur í tiur aiool vlrs sls klux pûdls#

Cius nvics vu$ lc l``lt$ aioeblc ucl aicsablcal lst dibc k(çtrl

uc systêol# Dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs kl snbct Noeribsl cius n `nbt

*>" Lssnbs sur dn rldbhbic$ trnk# `rncènbsl$ p# /51:#

*5" Qplcafb¶$ Qb7btcal siabndl$ adb# vbbb#



;2= AICAD\QBIC#

nssbstlr í uc aiopriobs sur dlquld rbuboncbtâ n dichtlops vâau#

N rbblurl prâslctl$ ondhrâ dl slctbolct pdus clt lt pdus kiudiu/

rlux kl alrtnbcls aictrnkbatbics qul k(nbddlurs cius nvics pdu/

tût lxnhârâls$ al aiopriobs c(lst pns kâcicaâ$ lt cius vbvics

lcairl sur al dlhs kl klux trnkbtbics suplrpisâls# >> rlstl vrnb

lc iutrl qul ajnqul pns `nbt lc nvnct pnr rjuoncbtâ$ nprês

k(bcâvbtnedls isabddntbics$ lst `nbt$ aiool d(bckbqul Qplcalr$ kncs

dl slcs kl dn rldbhbic k(noiur$ a(lst/í/kbrl kl dn pdus râalctl kl

als klux trnkbtbics$ kl alddl qub n triuvâ kncs d(Âvnchbdl siclxprlssbic booirtlddl#

Pu lt du$

lc Qireiccl$ dl 2 gubddlt >:2;$

pnr dl Kiylc kl dn @naudtâ kls Dlttrls kl ]nrbs$

N# oODR#

Pu lt plrobs k(boprbolr$

Dl Pbal/Ulatlur kl ANankâobl kl ]nrbs$

HUÂNUK#



[NEDL KLQ ON[BÊULQ

]râ`nal >

AJN]B[UL ]ULOBLU

QNBC[ NOEUIBQL

># ‛ D(âdlatbic kl snbct Noeribsl# ‛ Qic âkuantbic rionbcl ;

>V# ‛ Qnbct Noeribsl jiool k(Âtnt bd

BBB# ‛ Dn duttl aictrl dls pnélcs lt aictrl dls nrblcs BJ

BP# ‛ Qnbct Noeribsl lt [jâikisl 5:

P# ‛ Qnbct Noeribsl typl kl d(âvêqul ajrâtblc nu bv« sbêadl 1:

AJN]B[UL >>

DLQ ]ULOBLUQ ONB[ULQ KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL

d# ‛ ]jbdic eb

J# ‛ Kl ]jbdic í Irbhêcl 7 dn hcisl 05

BBB# ‛ Kl ]jbdic í Irbhêcl {b3ubtl" 7 Adâolct k(Ndlxnckrbl 8=

BP# ‛ Irbhêcl :5

P# ‛ Klux bc`dulcals rbvndls suebls pnr snbct Noeribsl 7 ]jbdic lt

Abaâric 25

AJN]B[UL oDL AJUBQ[BNCBQOL L[ DN A\D[\UL ADNQQB^\L

># ‛ D(lsprbt ajrâtblc lt d(lsprbt rionbc 28

BB# ‛ Dl ajrbstbncbsol kls pnélcs >=;

BBB# ‛ \c bctrncsbhlnct 7 [lrtuddblc >>5

BP# ‛ ]rluvls kbvlrsls kl d(nddbncal kl dn audturl adnssbqul lt ku

ajrbstbncbsol >5;

P# ‛ \cl klrcbêrl prluvl7 d(âkbt kl Gudblc >1>

AJN]B[UL BP

DL ABAÂUICBNCBQOL N\ ^\N[UBÊOL QBÊADL

B$ ‛ ]iurquib Abaâric n lu kls bobtntlurs pnrob dls ajrâtblcs#### >1<

BB# ‛ Obcuabus @âdbx >12



;25( [NEDL KLQ ON[BÊULQ#

ddd# ‛ Dnatncal >;<

>PS ‛ Qnbct Gârûol lt snbct Nuhustbc kbsabpdls kl Hbaâric>0=

P# ‛ Hbaâric nu oiylc åhl > 88

HJN]B[UL P

DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ • KLQ KLPIBUQ •

># ‛ Dl trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs kl ]ncâtbus lt aldub kl Hbaâric >:=

BB# ‛ Ncndysl ku trnbtâ Kls Klvibrs kl snbct Noeribsl 5=>

>>># ‛ Dl stiéabsol kl snbct Noeribsl 5>:

HJN]B[UL PB

DLQ KL\Z [UNB[ÂQ ( KLQ KLPIBUQ ( {subtl"#

B# ‛ Kb``ârlcals lxtârblurls kls klux dbvrls 518

BB# ‛ Plrtus ciuvlddls 5b"=

BBB# ‛ Âaiciobl pidbtbqul kl snbct Noeribsl 58:

BP# ‛ ]rbcabpls ciuvlnux 525

HJN]B[UL Pbd

DN OIUNDL KL QNBC[ NOEUIBQL K(N]UÊQ QLQ N\[ULQ ÂAUB[Q

B# ‛ Âarbts kbvlrs 1>>

BB# ‛ Hioolctnbrls sur dls pntrbnrajls 15;

BBB# ‛ Âarbts sur dn vbrhbcbtâ 1;1

BP# ‛ Dlttrls kl kbrlatbic 1=1

HJN]B[UL PBBB

DLQ AIC[LO]IUNBCQ KL QNBC[ NOE#/SIBQL

B# ‛ Dls ]êrls hrlas 102

BD ‛ Qnbct Gârûol 7 dl oicnajbsol 1:r3

BdD ‛ Qnbct Nuhustbc 7 tjâirbls ku pâajâ lt kl dn hråal ;>8

AICAD\QBIC ;;1

S;;*g/S;# ‛ AuJE@#bb$# Bcbbgcoarbl Âk# d(#c`#gJ#

Thamin - Ambroise et morale chretienne

Documents

Transcript of Thamin - Ambroise et morale chretienne