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Final Report

Project code 2011EE 01

Post Consumer Tetra Pak Cartons Post Consumer Tetra Pak Cartons Post Consumer Tetra Pak Cartons Post Consumer Tetra Pak Cartons (PCCs(PCCs(PCCs(PCCs) Management ) Management ) Management ) Management

Prepared forPrepared forPrepared forPrepared for Tetra Pak India Pvt. Ltd.

© The Energy and Resources Institute 2010

Suggested format for citation

T E R I. 2011

Post Consumer Tetra Pak Cartons (PCCs) Management

New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute. 79 pp.

[Project Report No. 2011 EE 01]

For more information

Project Monitoring Cell

T E R I Tel. 2468 2100 or 2468 2111

Darbari Seth Block E-mail [email protected]

IHC Complex, Lodhi Road Fax 2468 2144 or 2468 2145

New Delhi – 110 003 Web www.teriin.org

India India +91 • Delhi (0)11

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BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 1

METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................................. 2

REVIEW OF EXISTING RELEVANT REGULATION ................................................................................................ 2

PRIMARY SURVEY .............................................................................................................................................. 3

The Design of the Survey .............................................................................................................................. 3

Questionnaire Survey .................................................................................................................................................. 3

Analysing PCCs in mixed solid waste ......................................................................................................................... 3

The Survey Partners ....................................................................................................................................... 3

Bangalore – Sahas ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

Delhi – Development Links Foundation ...................................................................................................................... 4

Mumbai – Stree Mukti Sangathan ............................................................................................................................... 4

Chandigarh – Yuvsatta ................................................................................................................................................ 4

Pune – SWaCH Seva Sahakari Sanstha Maryadit ....................................................................................................... 4

Hyderabad – Sukuki Exnora ........................................................................................................................................ 5

Panjim – Clinton Vaz .................................................................................................................................................. 5

Cochin – Andhodaya ................................................................................................................................................... 5

Kolkata – SRG Consultancy ........................................................................................................................................ 5

Dhaka – TREE-Training Research Education for Empowerment ............................................................................... 6

Colombo - Center for Environment and Development ................................................................................................ 6

Major Findings of the Survey ........................................................................................................................ 7

Kolkata ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7

Bangalore .................................................................................................................................................................. 11

Dhaka ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13

Mumbai ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15

Colombo .................................................................................................................................................................... 17

Chandigarh ................................................................................................................................................................ 23

Panjim ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25

Hyderabad ................................................................................................................................................................. 28

Pune ........................................................................................................................................................................... 29

Delhi .......................................................................................................................................................................... 31

Cochin ....................................................................................................................................................................... 33

PCC MANAGEMENT CHAIN .............................................................................................................................. 34

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................................... 35

MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................. 36

Methodology ................................................................................................................................................ 36

Literature review .......................................................................................................................................... 37

Computation of Recycling rate .................................................................................................................... 38

PCCs at the paper mills ................................................................................................................................ 41

PCCs going to the dumpsite ......................................................................................................................... 42

Material flow summary ................................................................................................................................ 42

RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 44

ANNEXURE 1: WASTE COLLECTORS QUESTIONNAIRE ...................................................................................... 45

4

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Table 1 Details of the survey partners ............................................................................................. 6

Table 2 Sampling results at the paper waste dealers in Kolkata ................................................. 8

Table 3 Types of paper handled at the paper mill in Kolkata ...................................................... 9

Table 4 Summary of waste sampling at the dumpsite in Kolkata ............................................. 10

Table 5 Summary of sampling results in Bangalore .................................................................... 11

Table 6 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Bangalore ....................................... 12

Table 7 Summary of sampling results at he paper waste dealers in Dhaka ............................ 13

Table 8 Summary of sampling results at mill and dumpsite in Dhaka .................................... 14

Table 9 Summary of sampling results at paper waste dealers in Mumbai .............................. 16

Table 10 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Mumbai ........................................ 17

Table 11 Summary of sampling results in Colombo ................................................................... 17

Table 12 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Colombo ....................................... 21

Table 13 Summary of sampling results at the paper waste dealers in Chandigarh ............... 23

Table 14 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Chandigarh .................................. 24

Table 15 Summary of sampling at the dumpsite in Panjim ....................................................... 26

Table 16 Summary of sampling in Hyderabad ............................................................................ 28

Table 17 Summary of sampling at the waste dealers in Hyderabad......................................... 28

Table 18 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Hyderabad ................................... 29

Table 19 Summary of sampling at the waste dealers in Pune .................................................... 30

Table 20 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Pune .............................................. 30

Table 21 Summary of sampling results at the paper waste dealers in Delhi ........................... 32

Table 22 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Delhi ............................................. 32

Table 23 Summary of sampling at the waste dealers in Cochin ................................................ 33

Table 24 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Cochin .......................................... 33

Table 25 Summary of value obtained (in Indian Rupees per Kg) on

account of dealing in PCCs ............................................................................................. 35

Table 26 Data retrieved from the literature review ..................................................................... 37

Table 27 PCC Recycling rate for the scenario when informal sector recovers

30% of the total waste paper ........................................................................................... 39

Table 28 PCC Recycling rate for the scenario when informal sector recovers

40% of the total waste paper ........................................................................................... 40

Table 29 PCC recycling rate based on the sampling at the paper mills .................................... 41

Table 30 Summary of the sampling at the dumpsites ................................................................. 42

5

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Figure 1 Overall approach for the study ....................................................................................... 2

Figure 2 Front of Everest paper mill, Kolkata ............................................................................. 8

Figure 3 Labourers separating plastic and aluminium foil ........................................................ 8

Figure 4 Sampling at dumpsite, Mumbai .................................................................................. 16

Figure 5 Sampling at paper waste dealer, Mumbai ................................................................... 16

Figure 6 Sampling at the dumpsite in Panjim ............................................................................ 26

Figure 7 Schematic representation of the informal recycling system in India ....................... 34

Figure 8 The recycling Pyramid .................................................................................................... 35

Figure 9 Variation in the value of PCC at different levels in the informal

collection chain ................................................................................................................ 36

Figure 10 Material Flow Summary for PCCs ................................................................................ 43


1

PPoosstt CCoonnssuummeerr TTeettrraa PPaakk CCaarrttoonnss ((PPCCCCss))

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Background

Tetra Pak is a multinational company involved in developing, manufacturing and marketing

of systems for processing, packaging and distribution of food. It produces packaging materials for various food products; for example juices like Tropicana, Real, Active, still

drinks like Frooti, Slice, Mazaa and Milk and milk products for companies like Amul, Nestle

etc). The corporate office in Gurgaon takes care of the South Asia markets- comprising India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal.

The Tetra Pak carton is primarily made up of Paper (75% by weight) and the rest is

polyethylene-aluminium (25%). As part of environment initiatives, Tetra Pak has undertaken various activities for collection and recycling of these Post Consumer Tetra Pak

Cartons (PCCs) and is working with various NGO’s and the waste picker workforce to

segregate PCCs. With the aim to ensure that the PCCs are retrieved and recycled responsibly and that no carton ends up at the landfill, Tetra Pak has taken up several studies in the past

in this regard.

Introduction

With the overarching objective to explore the collection and recycling practices of PCCs in

the major cities in South Asia, a study was commissioned to The Energy and Resources

Institute (TERI) in April 2011. Following were the major objectives of the study:

� Study the current quantum of Tetra Pak cartons getting procured/ retrieved at the waste

dealers’ level.

� Assess the actual quantum of Tetra Pak cartons reaching the paper mills which recycle paper from low grade paper waste.

� Understand the value chain and the economics involved in Tetra Pak cartons collection

and recycling. � Gauge, what critical stakeholders (low grade paper waste dealers and recycling paper

mills) believe, is needed to upscale collection and recycling – economics, awareness,

infrastructure etc.

The study covered the following cities:

� Delhi

� Mumbai � Bangalore

� Kolkata

� Hyderabad � Cochin

� Panaji

� Pune � Chandigarh

� Colombo

� Dhaka


2

Methodology

The overall approach for the study is depicted in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Overall approach for the study

Review of Existing Relevant Regulation

The present sets of environmental regulations cover many waste streams (municipal solid waste, e-waste and plastic waste especially thin poly bags), there is however no coverage of

wastes like PCCs. There is therefore a need for a regulatory mechanism to facilitate

segregated collection and recycling of PCCs to minimize their present environmental footprint.

Selection of study area

The 11 cities identified have been listed

in the previous section.

Data Collection

• Quetionnaire survey and waste

sampling through Survey

Partners

Review of existing relevant

regulations

Identification of PCC Management

chain

Economic analysis

Material Flow Analysis

Recommendations


3

Primary Survey

The Design of the Survey

The survey was designed in a way which was comprehensive and at the same time

exhaustive enough to capture the overarching scope facilitating achieving the objectives of

the study. Survey partners were identified at each of the identified cities and were provided with the following scope of work:

Questionnaire Survey

The scope of work included a questionnaire survey of the key stakeholders (rag pickers, small and large kabadiwalas (junk dealers), low grade paper waste dealers and waste paper

based paper mills). The sample size was kept to be 30 comprising of at least 10 rag pickers, 7

small level kabadiwalas, 7 medium level kabadiwalas, 5 large scale low grade paper waste dealers and 1 waste paper based paper mill. The questionnaire was prepared by TERI and

after an exhaustive inhouse deliberation and discussion with Tetra Pak, it was provided to

the survey partners. The questionnaire is attached as annexure one in this report.

Analysing PCCs in mixed solid waste

A sampling exercise was designed to be carried out at each city with the following scope:

� Five large scale low grade paper waste dealers will be identified in the city and 2 bales (1 bale = 100kgs) would be checked to find the quantum of PCCs in each of them.

� One landfill will be identified in the city. One truckload of municipal solid waste

(sourcing waste from households and market areas) brought to the landfill will be checked and sorted out to find the quantum of PCCs in that.

� One waste paper based paper mill will be identified around the city. One truckload of

waste paper brought to the paper mill will be checked and sorted out to find the quantum of PCCs in that.

The survey partners were asked to take photographs and film the critical parts of the

sampling exercise. TERI professionals visited each city to guide the survey teams and to supervise the exercise.

The Survey Partners

Bangalore – Sahas

Saahas was registered under the Society’s Act in 2001. We are based in Bangalore and

committed to finding solutions to problems related to solid waste.

The organization has studied the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling Rules) of 2000 and believes that it provides suitable guidelines for improving the existing situation

of solid waste management in the city.

They are further looking towards implementation of the Municipal Solid Waste Management and Handling Rules and reduction in use and throw products like plastic

carry bags, paper cups and tissues. They are also promoting waste segregation at source and

retrieval of recyclable material and encouraging composting of organic waste. They are also stressing on introducing safe management of e-Waste in households, companies and

schools.


4

Delhi – Development Links Foundation

Development Links Foundation is a Non Government Organization registered under societies’ registration act 1860. It strives to link various stakeholders of society viz

corporates, educational institutes, media, NGOs CBOs and community for development of

weaker sections of society and environment.

Mumbai – Stree Mukti Sangathan

Stree Mukti Sanghatana (SMS) has been working on the domestic and social issues of

women since the past 30-35 years and has been striving to find solutions to their various problems. In 1999, SMS turned its attention to the issues of the poorest-of-the-poor segment

of society, namely the waste picker community, and thus started its movement for ‘zero-

waste neighbourhoods’. This was the true genesis of a holistic solid waste management movement and led to numerous initiatives such as - the formation of savings groups for

these women, health education programs, awareness programs about the importance of

education for children and providing educational aid, providing training on the scientific segregation of garbage, composting and gardening, educating these women on social issues

and enabling them to understand and take advantage of the various governmental schemes

available to them, literacy efforts and various other such training to make them self-reliant. Along with this, they have been trained in cleaning techniques and efforts are constantly on

to secure contracts for the same from different housing societies and companies.

These savings groups are affiliated with the larger Parisar Bhagini Vikas Sangh (PBVS) which is registered with the charity Commissioner and affiliated to Stree Mukti Sanghatana.

It is also registered with MCGM and Community Development society.

Chandigarh – Yuvsatta

Yuvsatta first started as newspaper in 1990 by like minded youngsters studying in various

Colleges and University of the city, slowly and steadily it took shape of an non-profit

organization which was formally got registered in 1996 in Chandigarh city of India.

Yuvsatta’s first project was on waste management, providing gainful employment to rag-

pickers and green environment to residents by ensuring door to door waste collection. This

programme gradually reached out to other important north India cities as well. Hence, since 1996 Yuvsatta is sincerely involved inter alia in promotion of waste management and taking

Chandigarh towards zero percent waste in near future.

Pune – SWaCH Seva Sahakari Sanstha Maryadit

Solid Waste Collection and Handling or officially the SWaCH Seva Sahakari Sanstha

Maryadit, Pune. SWaCH Coop is India’s first wholly owned cooperative of self employed

rag pickers /waste collectors and other urban poor. It an autonomous enterprise that provides front end waste management services to the citizens of Pune. SWaCH is authorised

to provide door to door waste collection and other allied waste management services by the

Pune Municipal Corporation. The scope of SWaCH includes collection, resource recovery, trade and waste processing. SWaCH seeks to provide decent livelihoods in the recycling

industry. SWaCH services 2,00,000+ (or Two lakh plus) homes across 128 municipal kothis

in 14 municipal administrative wards and the number is growing. SWaCH is promoted by Kagad Kach Patra Kashtakari Panchayat (KKPKP) that organised 6000+ rag pickers /waste

collectors to work with dignity and created a sustainable de-centralised, waste management

model in the country.


5

SWaCH bridges the garbage gap between your door and the PMC collection points. SWaCH

also offer total solutions for wet garbage and dry garbage while enabling the rag pickers /waste collectors to keep their livelihoods as well as get trained to carry out their work

professionally.

SWaCH helps people work with the Maharashtra Non Bio-degradable Garbage Control Act 2006 and collects segregated dry and wet garbage right from your door.

Hyderabad – Sukuki Exnora

SUKUKI EXNORA is a registered NGO ( Non Government Organisation) specializing in providing useful and innovative solutions in Solid Waste Management . We are asociated

with Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad and other agencies in providing innovative and

practical solid Waste Management solutions. We are also associated with Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Administrative Staff College of India for providing inputs to the

training programme.

Panjim – Clinton Vaz

Clinton Vaz, 30 is a waste consultant that works with establishing solutions and creating

awareness on waste management mostly within Goa. Clinton worked as a waste consultant

for the city of Panjim from 2005-2009 and is currently consulting the city of Maupsa. He is also appointed on the state committee for waste management and is the secretary for the

Benaulim Environment Trust. Clinton Vaz is available at +91 9890936828 or

[email protected]

Cochin – Andhodaya

Sustainable development today is possible only through people in the community; in fact

the community itself. Empower the communities and they will bring development to the region, the state and to the country at large. With this aim in mind, a group of people with

like-minded philosophy gathered together and formed a Non-Governmental Organisation

(NGO) in the year 1990 - The Andhyodaya. The Organisation is registered under the Travancore Cochin Literary, Scientific and Charitable Societies Act XII of 1955, as Reg.No.

ER. 1555/90 with Rev. Fr. Joseph Andissery as its Director and Shri. Peter Thettayil as its

Executive Director. Unlike other NGOs, our organisation decided to concentrate in four areas of development activities namely the Non-conventional Energy Promotion,

Environment Sanitation with emphasis on Water Management, Farmers Self Help Groups

and Low cost building Technology. The organisation is undertaking projects and programmes related to these areas of community development.

Kolkata – SRG Consultancy

The SRG Consultancy Marketing Planning Services was established in February 1996, conducting studies in various fields with the support of a panel of expert consultants in

different disciplines both in the Public and Private sector whose services are drawn upon as

and when necessary.

They have experience to administer the pre-designed questionnaire as well as computing the

raw data on behalf of a group of globally famous Economists. Some of the well known

figures who have assigned survey work to SRG include Dr. Arpita Mukherjee & Prof. Nisha Taneja – Professor, ICRIER, New Delhi, India; Dr. Vijaya C. Ketti – Chairman, Indian

Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi, India; Dr. Esther Duflo – Professor of MIT, USA; Dr.


6

Abhijit Banerjee – Professor of MIT, USA; Dr. Rohini Pandey – Professor of Yale University,

USA; Dr. Maitrish Ghatak - Professor of London School of Economics, UK; Dr. Raghabendra Chattopadhyay – Professor of Indian Institute of Management, Joka, Kolkata, India; Dr.

Erica – Professor of Harvard University, USA; Dr. Lori A. Beaman – Professor of

Northwestern University, USA; Dr. Jeremy Magruder – Professor of University of Calfornia, Berkley, USA.

SRG have in house computer facilities, which are used for processing and analysis of field

data and preparation of reports.

Dhaka – TREE-Training Research Education for Empowerment

TREEb based in Dhaka, Bangladesh, focuses its activities mainly on conducting small-scale

research on environment, training and advocacy campaigns, and educative programs for the local community and schools. Altogether 30 local schools have been involved including the

following five schools - Gakulnagar High School, Dusaid AK School, Bidya Niketon, Sikder

Kindergarten and High School and Kathgora High School. All of these are the focal points.

Colombo - Center for Environment and Development

Centre for Environment and Development (CED) is a legally incorporated non-profit

making Non-Governmental Organization that operates as a think tank and concept builder, research & policy institute, watchdog and campaigner at local, national and international

levels in the field of environment including solid waste management.

Table 1 gives the list of the identified survey partners in each of the survey city with their contact details.

Table 1 Details of the survey partners

S.

No.

City Survey Partner Team Leader Contact

Number

E mail

1 Bangalore Sahaas Ms. Wilma 98801 24921 Wilma R

[[email protected]]

2 Delhi Development

Links

Foundation

Mr. Arshad

Rizvi

9868612627 Arshad Rizvi

[arshadrizvi@developmentlinks.

org]

3 Mumbai Stree Mukti

Sangathana

Ms. Kalpana

Andhare

98211 29616 Kalpana Andhare

[[email protected]]

4 Chandigarh Yuvasatta Mr. Pramod

Sharma

98726 09816 Yuvasatta

[[email protected]]

5 Pune KKPKP Ms. Maitreyi

Shankar

9765999496

[email protected]

6 Hyderabad Sukuki Exnora Major

ShivaKiran

9849047827

[email protected]

7 Cochin andhyodaya Mr Peter

Thettayil

[email protected]

8 Panjim Vaz Clinton Mr. Vaz Clinton 9890936828

[email protected]

9 Kolkata SRG Consultancy Mr. Prasid

Chakraborty

9830233191

[email protected],

[email protected]

10 Dhaka TREE-Training

Research

Education for

Empowerment

Mr. Shahid I.

Mallick

(+88)-01-

819088334

[email protected]


7

S.

No.

City Survey Partner Team Leader Contact

Number

E mail

11 Colombo Center for

Environment and

Development

Uchita De

Zoysa

94777372206

[email protected]

Major Findings of the Survey

Kolkata


Altogether 33 players were covered including 1 Paper Mill and 1 Dumping Ground by

administering of pre-designed questionnaire. Rag pickers and Kabadiwals were selected

randomly in most concentrated zone where those players are engaged in larger numbers. Large low grade paper waste dealers and a paper mill were identified on the basis of the

information provided by stakeholders. As far as Dumping Ground is concerned Dhapa

Dumping Ground under Kolkata Municipal Corporation, was chosen for the survey and sampling.

Out of the 15 rag pickers surveyed, all of them collect PCCs. ACCORDING TO THE

SURVEY, On an average PCCs constitute about 7.37% of the total waste paper collected by rag pickers with the maximum being 11.25% and the minimum being 3.33%. However, the

reported quantity seems to be quite high primarily because the PCCs have low density

(since they are filled with air) and hence though the volume may be large, but the weight is less. The average paper waste collected by the surveyed ragpickers was about 400 kgs per

month. Since the door to door collection of waste is not practiced in Kolkata, PCCs are

collected from the streets, community bins and landfills. All the ragpickers indicated that the majority portion of the collected PCCs comes from the upper and middle class localities. All

the surveyed rag pickers indicated that the PCCs collected by them are most often soiled and

contain leftover content (juice etc.), which causes problem in handling and storage of PCCs. Most of the rag pickers indicated that they sell PCCs as mixed with other paper waste.

However some of them indicated that the PCCs are sorted out from the other waste paper

by the ragpickers and is cleaned and then sold to kabariwala. The ragpickers are paid any where between 4 to 5 rupees a kg for the PCCs by the kabariwalas. Some of the ragpickers

indicated that the price should be higher to improve the collection efficiency.

Out of the 10 kabadiwalas surveyed, all of them indicated that they collect the PCCs. On an average PCCs constitute about 5% of the total waste paper collected by the kabadiwalas with

the maximum being 7.5% and the minimum being 3%. The average paper waste collected by

the surveyed kabadiwalas was about 2900 kgs per month. Six out of the ten respondents indicated that they do collect PCCs directly from the households. All of them indicated that

they get the majority of the collected PCCs from the upper and middle class localities. All

the kabadiwalas indicated that the PCCs which they collect is devoid of any left over content. This strongly suggests that the ragpickers sort and clean the PCCs at their level and

then hand it over to the kabadiwalas. In fact the ragpickers tear off the aluminium and

polypropylene from the PCCs and store only the paper which is sold to the kabadiwalas. All the kabadiwalas sell the PCCs as a separate waste stream. The PCCs are sold to the large

scale paper waste dealers at the rate of 6 rupees a kilo. The average profit made by the

kabadiwalas ranges between .5 to .7 rupees a kg (average being .6 rupees a kg). Hence the total expenditure on dealing (storing, segregating, transporting) in PCCs ranges between .3


8

to 1.5 rupees akilo. Many of the kabadiwalas indicated that the collection efficiency could be

significantly improved if they could collect PCCs from a centrally designated location.

Out of the six large scale low grade paper waste dealers surveyed, all of them indicated that

they collect the PCCs. On an average PCCs constitute about .15% of the total waste paper

collected by the paper waste dealers with the maximum being .44% and the minimum being .03%. The average paper waste collected by the surveyed paper waste dealers was about 925

tonnes per month. All the paper waste dealers indicated that the PCCs which they collect is

devoid of any left over content. All the paper waste dealers sell the PCCs as a separate waste stream. The PCCs are sold to the paper mills at the rate of 7 to 10 rupees a kilo (average for

the 5 surveyed paper dealers was 8.17 rupees a kilo). The average profit made by the paper

waste dealers ranges between .35 to .90 rupees a kg (average being .65 rupees a kg). Many of the paper waste dealers indicated that the collection efficiency could be significantly

improved if they have a stable and growing market for the PCCs.

Figure 2. Front of Everest paper mill, Kolkata Figure 3 Labourers separating plastic and aluminium foil

Sampling Results

Low grade paper waste dealers:

Table 2 gives summary of the sampling results at the low grade paper waste dealers.

Table 2 Sampling results at the paper waste dealers in Kolkata

Name of Large Scale Dealer Type of Unit Quamtum of

waste paper

sampled (in

KG)

Quantum of

PCCs found

(in kg.)

Fraction of

PCCs in the

total

sampled

waste

Srimanta Bakshi Large low grade

paper waste dealer

200.0 4.0 2.00%

Pannalal Oswal Large low grade

paper waste dealer

200.0 3.2 1.60%

Pyarilal Shaw & Co. Large low grade

paper waste dealer

200.0 3.0 1.50%

Sakambari Traders Pvt. Ltd

(Tirupati Commercial)

Large low grade

paper waste dealer

200.0 3.5 1.75%

Mamuni Enterprise Large low grade

paper waste dealer

200.0 4.6 2.30%


9

Name of Large Scale Dealer Type of Unit Quamtum of

waste paper

sampled (in

KG)

Quantum of

PCCs found

(in kg.)

Fraction of

PCCs in the

total

sampled

waste

Subash Gupta Large low grade

paper waste dealer

200.0 4.3 2.15%

Hence on an average, PCCs constitute about 1.88% of the total waste paper coming to the

low grade paper waste dealers.

Paper mill:

Everest Paper Mills Pvt. Ltd.

Ganga Nagar, North 24parganas, Kolkata-132,

Phone number: (033) 22314792

Name of the Respondent: Mr. Prasanta Chakraborty (Works Manager)

Phone number: +91-9836088851

� The paper mill produces Papers & Boards with duplex. � It procures Waste cartoon box, waste duplex, paper waste, Craft-1 (Waste cutting of

cartoons), Craft- 2 (Waste cartoons), Mill board cutting (PCC), Lower graded color

cutting (which is basically fruits package), Gray board sheet cutting, Gray board reel by piece cutting, Laminated duplex, Duplex cutting without lamination and mixed craft

� Five large scale enlisted dealers supply raw materials.

� Location of the large scale dealers: All large scale dealers are located in commercial and business areas.

� Distances from large scale dealers to mill: Five Dealers are concentrated at Habra (nearly

60 k.m. from Mill), Barasat (nearly 6 k.m.), Shyambazar (nearly 16 k.m.) and Cossipur (nearly 20 k.m.)

� Percentage of Procurement Raw Materials

Table 3 Types of paper handled at the paper mill in Kolkata

Type of raw materials Percentage of raw materials

procured in Rainy Season

Percentage of raw materials

procured in Other Season

Craft-1 (Waste cutting of cartoons),

Craft- 2 (Waste cartoons),

Mixed craft

50% 50%

Mill board cutting including PCCs 5%

(1% mill board cutting

excluding PCC and 4%

PCC)

5%

(4% mill board cutting

excluding PCC and 1% PCC)

Lower graded color cutting

(which is basically fruit packages),

Gray board sheet cutting,

Gray board reel by piece cutting,

45% 45%


10

Type of raw materials Percentage of raw materials

procured in Rainy Season

Percentage of raw materials

procured in Other Season

Laminated duplex,

Duplex cutting without lamination

� Cost of raw materials: Rs. 7/- per kg. for PCC

� At present ‘Everest Paper Mill’ procures per month 600 tons of paper waste. Out of

these, PCCs constitute about 24 tonnes.

� Mill does not accept any PCC with left over content.

� There is no discouraging factor into the supply chain.

� Suggestion by Mill: Government should frame such policies for those unorganized

supply chains which will encourage the suppliers.

Dumpsite:

Table 4 gives the summary of waste sampling at the dumpsite.

Table 4 Summary of waste sampling at the dumpsite in Kolkata

Question Answer Comments

Time of Collection (indicate time. For example: 3am to 6am)

10.00 A.M. to 1.05 P.M. The waste was loaded on to the truck manually.

Areas Covered (give the name of the area, give a short description of the area in context of the exercise)

Vat near TV Center in KMC Ward No.: 95 The area is mainly a residential area (dominated by high income group) with a market area close by. The vat from which solid waste has been collected consists of wastes from residential houses and market.

Total Waste Load (in Kgs)

6580 kg Gross weight of the truck: 11,830 kg Empty weight of the truck: 5250 kg (Data source: KMC computerized weighing system at Dhapa Dumping Ground, Kolkata)

Total Paper Load (in Kgs) (an estimate will do)

3 kg

Total quantum of PCCs (in

Kgs) (must be precise and

based on actual weighing)

0.650 kg

Other Observations Truck No.:

WB-25 C 4154


11

Bangalore


Altogether 29 players were covered including 1 Paper Mill and 1 Dumping Ground by

administering of pre-designed questionnaire.

As far as Dumping Ground is concerned Anjanapura dumpsite, Avalahalli bande, South Bangalore, was chosen for the survey and sampling.

South India Paper Mills Limited (Address: No 1205/1206,Prestige Meridian,12th Floor,M G Road,Bangalore,560001, Phone: +91-80-41123605, +91-80-41123606, +91-80-41123603, +91-

80-41123604 ) was chosen for the purpose of this study. SIPM is a 47 year old Public Limited

Company listed on BSE. The production for 2004 was recorded to be 47219.72 MT. SIPM

primarily manufactures corrugating raw material. (Kraft, Liner board, Test Liner & Fluting).

Capacity of the plant is 150 Metric Tonne per day and the paper raw material is brought in

by trucks from all across South India and is converted to rolls of recycled paper.

Out of the 24 rag pickers surveyed, 15 of them collect PCCs. On an average about 7kgs of

PCCs are collected by rag pickers per month with the maximum being 11 kgs. DTDC of

waste is practiced in a majority of pockets of Bangalore, PCCs are collected from the streets, community bins and landfills and also during the door to door collection. All the surveyed

rag pickers indicated that the PCCs collected by them are most often empty and contain no

leftover content (juice etc.). This probably could be a reason of less quantum of PCCs being collected by the ragpickers (since they are not interested in soiled PCCs). Bangalore has a

collection center for PCCs supported by Tetra Pak. All the rag pickers indicated that the

PCCs collected by them is going to the collection center either directly or indirectly (they sell it to the kabariwala who then sells it to the PCC collection center) The ragpickers are paid

between 3 to 4 rupees a kg for the PCCs by the kabariwalas. Some of the ragpickers

indicated that the price should be higher to improve the collection efficiency.

Two low grade paper mills were surveyed and indicated that they are not collecting the

PCCs since there is no existing market for the same. Out of the 2 kabadiwalas surveyed, one

indicated that he does not collect PCCs since there is no market for them. The other kabadiwala is collecting PCCs and sending them to the collection center supported by Tetra

Pak.

Sampling Results

Table 5 summarises the sampling results in Bangalore.

Table 5 Summary of sampling results in Bangalore

Name of Large Scale

Dealer/Mill/Dumping

Ground

Type of Unit Quamtum of waste

paper (in KG)

Quantum of PCC (in

kg.)

Islam Large paper and plastic

waste dealer

200.0 0.0

Rao Traders Large low grade paper

waste dealer

200.0 <1kg

Prakash Large low grade paper

waste dealer

200 kg (approx) 4 PCC containers only


12

Name of Large Scale Type of Unit Quamtum of waste Quantum of PCC (in

Baba Large low grade paper

waste dealer

206 7

Arif Large low grade paper

waste dealer

188 6

South India Paper Mills

Pvt. Ltd.

Paper Mill 8510 kg (Weighbridge

net weight record total

from two truck loads)

0.0

Dumping side at

Anjanapura, Avalahalli

bande, Bangalore

Dumping site about 6000kg 13kg

Table 6 gives summary for the sampling exercise at Anjanapura dumpsite, Avalahalli bande, South Bangalore.

Table 6 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Bangalore


Time of Collection (indicate

time. For example: 3am to

6am)

1PM to 1:45PM This activity failed during the first time, as it was

interrupted by heavy rain during the first time.

It was repeated on 4th may, 2011, but was delayed by

about two hours due to a break down in the Front End

Loader Machine (JCB) used to level the material at the

site.

Areas Covered (give the

name of the area, give a

short description of the area

in context of the exercise)

From market

and residential

areas in

Southern

Bangalore

Southern Bangalore between Bannerghatta Road and

Kanakapura Road.

The site was on a reasonably elevated ridge with both a

natural fall to the south and west and on the edge of a

hard rock quarry. Some quarrying of blocks for

architectural stone appeared to be still underway.

Total Waste Load (in Kgs) 6000 KG

(approx.)

The capacity of the truck, which was fully loaded.

Total Paper Load (in Kgs)

(an estimate will do)

About 2000kg

– 2500kg

The load consists of putricible waste along with plastic

and paper waste.




13kg The PCC was collected in a separate sack at the

dumpsite and was weighed at the scrap dealer’s shop.

Other Observations

� Due to the burning activities at the dumpsite, some PCC among the

waste deposited earlier, were found to be burnt.

� The supervisors at the site were apprehensive at the beginning and

cooperated only when I approached through a local scrap dealer.

� The waste-pickers and the nearby scrap dealers were not aware that

PCCs are recycled and were not collecting them.

Hence from the questionnaire survey and the sampling exercise, it may be concluded that no

collection of PCCs is happening through the informal sector in Bangalore other than whatever is being induced through the PCCs collection center supported by Tetra Pak.


13

Dhaka

Dhaka city has two major waste dumping sites and among them recently Amin Bazar dumping zone became the biggest. So selection of kabadiwalas and low grade paper waste

dealers was done by random sampling in Dhaka city near the dumping site.

From the field observation it became clear that 1bale of waste paper is equal to 42-56 kgs. So about 4 bales of waste paper was sampled at each of the identified large scale low grade

paper waste dealer. It was also found that there were three types of bales (1. Fine carton 2.

Medium grade carton and thick paper and 3. Very low grade paper) in which the paper dealers deal in. PCC’s were found only in 2nd category (Medium grade carton and thick

paper) waste paper. Therefore only medium grade carton and thick paper containing bales

were analyzed.

Amin Bazaar dumpsite was identified for questionnaire and sampling purposes.

In all, 10 ragpickers were sampled. All of them indicated that they were not interested in

collecting the PCCs since there is no market for the same. However many of them mix the PCCs with other high value paper carton waste to increase the weight. Out of the surveted

rag pickers only three indicated the quantum of PCCs mixed by them into the other paper

waste. The others agreed that they do mix PCCs with the other paper waste but did not indicate any numbers. Usually PCCs comprise about 1 % of the total paper waste collected

by the ragpickers. Three out of 10 ragpickers indicated that they mix 4 to 5 kgs of PCCs in

around 450 to 500 kgs of paper waste that they collect per month. DTDC of waste is practiced in a majority of pockets of Dhaka, PCCs are mostly collected during the door to

door collection along with the other paper waste to increase its weight. Only those PCCs are

collected which are empty and contain no leftover content (juice etc.). The ragpickers are paid between 11 to 15 BDTs a kg for the PCCs by the kabariwalas. The 13 kabariwalas who

were questioned during the survey indicated that they are not interested in collecting PCCs

since the paper mills are not willing to buy them. However, they agreed that some quantities of PCCs are mixed with other high value paper carton waste to increase the weight.

Table 7 gives the summary of the sampling exercise done at the five large scale low grade

paper waste dealers in Dhaka.

Table 7 Summary of sampling results at he paper waste dealers in Dhaka

S.No Name of Large

Scale Dealer

Type of Unit Quamtum of

waste paper

(in KG)

Quantum

of PCC (in

kg.)

Quantum of

other wastage

(in kg.)

1 Masud rana Large low grade

paper waste dealer

200.0 2.60 1.30%

2 Pias Loskor Large low grade

paper waste dealer

200.0 2.68 1.34%

3 Mr. Baker Large low grade

paper waste dealer

200.0 2.80 1.40%


14

S.No Name of Large Type of Unit Quamtum of Quantum Quantum of

4 Rashadur Rahman Large low grade

paper waste dealer

200.0 3.40 1.70%

5 Mamuni Enterprise Large low grade

paper waste dealer

200.0 2.30 1.15%

Hence, the results of the sampling exercise at the paper waste dealers also indicate that

PCCs constitute 1 to 1.5 % of the total paper waste supplied to the paper mills.

Loba board and paper mills pvt ltd based at Savar district near Dhaka city was chosen for

the survey and sampling exercise. They collect mainly three kind of waste paper

a) low grade paper ( like waste newspaper )

b) medium grade paper ( like cigarette packets, biskit packets etc)

c) hard board/ carton ( gray color board )

In the paper mill, no sorting of the waste paper is done and the entire load is fed into the pulping unit as it is. The unpulpable components are then sorted out manually from the

liquor (similar system was witnessed being practiced in Kolkata. However, in Kolkata the

collection is better because non pulpable portion is being separated from the PCCs at the rag pickers and kabadiwala level). The PCCs are hence subjected to partial pulping and the

remaing portions are manually removed and are dumped in the neighbouring wet lands or

low lands. The paper mills are buying the paper at the rate of 15 to 20 BDTs. Paper mills are unwilling to accept PCCs and convey the same to the waste dealers. However, they still

come mixed with the other paper waste. Mills accept it because the quantity of PCCs is very

less (about 1% of the total). Another main reason is, that these kinds of paper recyclers are not well authorized by the Bangladesh government and Department of Environment (DoE)

and hence they try to work in simple ways, avoid troubles and hence don’t penalise the

paper waste dealers.

Sampling at the paper mill and dumpsite:

One truckload of waste paper brought to the paper mill contains 23 bales and the weight of each bale varies from 46.5-58 kgs. Hence 23 bales were sampled (total load of 1187 kgs) and 14.6 kgs of PCCs were found in the same.

26 individual vans of waste containing household and market areas waste were checked and dumped in the truck which went to the dumpsite. This truck contained 6730 kg of waste but only 2.45 kg of PCCs were found. Table 8 gives the summary table:

Table 8 Summary of sampling results at mill and dumpsite in Dhaka

Name of unit Type of unit Quantum of

total wate

sampled (In

Kgs)

Quantum of

PCCs found

(in Kgs)

Fraction of

PCCs in total

sampled waste

Loba board and

Paper Mills Pvt. Ltd.

Paper Mill ( one

truck load)

1187.0 14.60 1.23%

Dumping side at

Amin bazar Dhaka

Dumping side 6739.0 2.45 0.04%


15

Mumbai


This study was carried out between 22nd April to 4th May 2011. A total of 5 persons assisted

in carrying out this survey. The survey spread from Navi Mumbai to Colaba and from

Andheri to Mankhurd.

For the questionnaire survey, a briefing session was held for the investigators with Ms.

Saltanat Kazi of TERI. At this session, the importance of the survey and the meaning of the

various questions were explained. It was decided to informally collect the information from the rag pickers and subsequently fill in the questionnaires as the rag pickers would not

divulge information on seeing the questionnaires. A total of 34 questionnaires (with rag

pickers) and 7 of scrap dealers have been filled. Of the 7 questionnaires with scrap dealers, a survey of 200 kgs of paper waste was carried out with 6 scrap dealers. Deonar dumping

ground is spread across 100 acres of land and collects approximately 600 metric tons of

waste per day from all over Mumbai. The official figure for the waste pickers operating here is around 1700 which is on the lower side and can go up to around 3000 persons. Hence 3

scrap dealers sourcing part of their waste from here have been surveyed although they have

their sheds in different areas. A conscious effort was made to cover more than the prescribed sample so that incomplete data sets could be avoided. Subsequent to the filling

in of the questionnaires, each of these has been checked to ensure that all questions are filled

correctly.

Some of the observations are as follows:

1. It was difficult to ascertain the correct numbers of rag pickers and kabadiwalas operating in the area (refer to Q. 201 of the dealers questionnaire), reason being the areas are vast and it is a floating population. Rag pickers often go home for 2-3 months to their

hometowns and if the whole family is involved then the numbers decrease drastically.

2. Rag pickers can identify Tetra Paks from other similar looking cartons such as Kellogs etc although they are not aware of its name. Further, many of them are not aware that it

can be sold separately at a higher value.

3. Rag pickers are not willing to collect Tetra Paks separately as it is light in weight. Often these are not completely empty and the contents spill over the other waste material and

themselves. When it spills over the other waste paper it reduces the value of waste

collected.

4. The collection of PCC could be increased if a daily collection facility is provided to the scrap dealers and rag pickers.

Out of the total 34 ragpickers that were surveyed, 26 indicated that they collect Tetra Pak. However, the Tetra Pak is collected along with the other paper waste and is not sorted out.

On an average PCCs constitute about .5% of the total waste paper collected by rag pickers

with the maximum being 2% (The ragpicker collecting the maximum PCCs is selling it to a junk dealer who is selling it to the Tetra Pak collection center looked after by SMS. This

ragpicker was collecting about 15 kgs of PCCs per month out of the 750 kgs of the other

paper waste that he collects. He is being paid at the rate of 4 Rupees a kilo for the PCCs.) The average paper waste collected by the surveyed ragpickers was about 1500 kgs per month.

All the ragpickers indicated that the majority portion of the collected PCCs comes from the

upper and middle class localities. All the surveyed rag pickers indicated that the PCCs


16

collected by them are most often empty and contain no leftover content (juice etc.). This

probably could be a reason of less quantum of PCCs being collected by the ragpickers (since they are not interested in soiled PCCs). Mumbai has a collection center for PCCs supported

by Tetra Pak. The ragpickers are paid 2 rupees a kg for the PCCs by the kabariwalas. Some

of the ragpickers indicated that the price should be higher to improve the collection efficiency. All the rag pickers indicated that they sell PCCs as a mixed waste stream and

along with the coloured paper waste. Many ragpickers indicated that the problems

associated with the storage of PCCs is a big discouragement. PCCs attract ants and rats and other paper waste gets soiled.

Out of the seven large scale low grade paper waste dealers surveyed,5 sort out the PCCs and

sell them to the collection centers managed by SMS. They sell the PCCs at the rate of 8 rupees a kilo and buy mixed PCCs at the rate of 4 Rupees a kilo and mixed PCCs at the rate

of 2 rupees a kilo.

Figure 4 Sampling at dumpsite, Mumbai Figure 5 Sampling at paper waste dealer, Mumbai

Sampling of the large scale low grade paper waste dealers:

Table 9 summarizes the sampling results at the low grade paper waste dealers. Waste dealers who are not connected with the Tetra Pak collection center are collecting the

minimum amount of PCCs. However the fate of the PCCs not going to the Tetra Pak

collection center is not known.

Table 9 Summary of sampling results at paper waste dealers in Mumbai

S.No Name of

Large Scale

Dealer

Type

of

Unit

Quamtum

of waste

paper (in

KG)

Quantum of

PCC (in kg.)

fraction of

PCCs in

paper

waste

Selling sorted

PCCs to Tetra Pak

Collection Center

1 Abdul 200 6.5 3.25% no

2 Sanovar 200 7 3.50% yes

3 Naseembhai 200 8 4.00% yes


17

S.No Name of

Large Scale

Type

of

Quamtum

of waste

Quantum of

PCC (in kg.)

fraction of

PCCs in

Selling sorted

PCCs to Tetra Pak 4 Somnath 200 8 4.00% yes 5 M. Rafique

Khan

200 15 7.50% yes

6 Hafeez bhai 200 5 2.50% no

Sampling at the dumpsite:

Summary of the Sampling to check the quantum of PCC in truckload of waste at Turbhe

land fill Navi Mumbai is given in the table below.

Table 10 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Mumbai

Sr.

No.

Date, Day

& time of

Survey

Area Covered Weight

of truck

load in

Kgs

Weight

of

empty

truck in

kgs

Weight

of

waste

in kgs

PCC

recovered

Time

taken

for

sorting

1 22 April

2011

Friday

11.30am to

3pm

Koper Khairane Navi

Mumbai(residential

and commercial area)

11450 7435 4,015 Less then

1kg.

( 200ml.-

17pcc.

1lt - 6pcc)

2.40hrs.

2 02 May 2011

Monday

7.45 am to

12 noon

Vashi,-Inorbit,

hypercity, sector 17

(Restaurants, malls

and commercial area

with few households)

22150 10340 11,810 Approx 2.5

kgs

(200ml- 13

pcc 1lt.-

60pcc)

4hrs

As the quantum of PCCs in the first survey was very little another survey was carried out

see if there was any change in the numbers. Hence the second survey was carried out on

Monday morning from the most commercial area so to ascertain the maximum number of PPCs.

Colombo

The scope of the survey included 15 ragpickers, 7 kabadiwalas and 5 low grade paper waste dealers. None of the respondents indicated that they are collecting PCCs. According to the

kabadiwalas, sometimes amount of PCCs is found mixed with the other paper waste which

is sorted out and removed. The same was confirmed after interacting with the Neptune paper exporters. Hence, the scope of sampling was expanded to get better estimates of the

PCCs being collected from the households and going to the dumps. Entire waste is collected

through Door to Door Collection in Colombo. Tables 11 summarise the findings of the sampling exercise conducted to check the quantum of PCCs coming in the waste collected

from the households.

Table 11 Summary of sampling results in Colombo


Tractor No.1 (49-4866)


time. For example: 3am to 6am)

3a.m- 7 a.m noon Garbage consists of overnight collection


18


Areas Covered (give the name of

the area, give a short description

of the area in context of the

exercise)

High Level Road-

from Jambugasmulla

to Wijerama junction

City areas covering main roads,

restaurants and shops

Road side collections.

Total Waste Load (in Kgs) 2200 Kgs

Total Paper Load (in Kgs) (an

estimate will do)

63Kgs Out of wich 15 kg Cards Boards/box

boards etc

Total quantum of PCCs (in Kgs)

(must be precise and based on

actual weighing)

1.1 kgs

Other Observations

Accuracy may not be 100% ,as the rag pickers commence work early morning in the dark, General awareness amongst rag pickers/junk dealers as well as consumers with regards to recalling and recycling is not seen . No market has being created for recalling and recycling. No incentives for the rag pickers/junk dealers for sorting out and collection of TPPCs.








exercise)

Jubilikanuwa

Junction ,Pitta Koote,

Gansabha Junction,

Kattiya Junction

Delkada Junction






estimate will do)

70 Kgs Out of which 30 kg Cards Boards/box

boards etc



actual weighing)

4.5 kgs Covers number of schools, tution classes

and easting outlets/snack bars a

Other Observations

Accuracy may not be 100%, as the rag pickers commence work early morning in the dark, General awareness amongst rag pickers/junk dealers as well as consumers with regards to recalling and recycling is not seen .


19


No market has being created for recalling and recycling. No incentives for the rag pickers/junk dealers for sorting out and collection of TPPCs.








exercise)

High Level Road-

Left side from

Jambugamsulla

Juction to Wijerama

Juction






estimate will do)


boards etc

(number of vehicle spare parts shops are

locateded)



actual weighing)

3 kgs Covers number of schools, tuition classes

and easting outlets/snack bars a

Other Observations

Accuracy may not be 100% , as the rag pickers commence work early morning in the dark, General awareness amongst rag pickers/junk dealers as well as consumers with regards to recalling and recycling is not seen . No market has being created for recalling and recycling. No incentives for the rag pickers/junk dealers for sorting out and collection of TPPCs.








exercise)

High Level Road-

Left side from

Jambugamsulla

Juction to Wijerama

Juction




(consists of number of sanitary ware ,tile

shops/ ,construction material and hard

ware shops)



20



estimate will do)


boards etc

(consists of number of sanitary ware ,tile

shops/ ,construction material and hard

ware shops)



actual weighing)

1.5 kgs Mainly business area and few eating

.restaurants /groceries etc

Other Observations

Accuracy may not be 100% , as the rag

pickers commence work early morning

in the dark,

General awareness amongst rag pickers/junk dealers as well as consumers with regards to recalling and recycling is not seen . No market has been created for recalling and recycling. No incentives for the rag pickers/junk dealers for sorting out and collection of PCCs.




Morning Shift,

second collection

12am to 11am

The final collections of stores were

collected during this collection.




exercise)

Railway avenue,

Nugegoda

Residential area, semi urban locality. It

also included some shops

Total Waste Load (in Kgs) 2550Kg It was a rainy day. The climate as cool

and windy


estimate will do)

71 Kg’s Most of the paper were wet and in bad condition. Some companies have also contributed towards the collections (35%)



actual weighing)

4.8 Kg’s Pringles (potato wafers) was separated

out. We also separated few locals brand

that had the aluminum foil.

Other Observations

The weather was

humid and it was the

rainy season when

the sampling was

conducted

The usage of TP’s was selective but the

contribution is high.

The reason to select the early morning Trucks ((3A.M-6.30A.M) for sampling was due to the

fact, the truck loads consists garbage collected after 2 P.M to the time of collection . (last


21

garbage collection is done between 10.30 A.M -1.30.PM). Schools interval and afternoon

collection /tuitions classes /shops eating out lets final collection falls into this category. The areas covered by the 4 trucks (Truck No 1-4) covers commercial areas ,where consumption

juice packets, Milo, Abewella and daily milk packets made out of TPCCs are high .

Table 12 summarizes the findings of the sampling exercise conducted at the dumpsite. Sampling of two truckloads of mixed waste was conducted at Burns Waste Management Site

(No:210, Ambathale Road, Sedawatte, Wellampitiya, Sri Lanka) where a significant portion

of waste collected from Colombo is dumped and segregated for composting.

Table 12 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Colombo


Truckload 1



6am)

Morning Shift, second

collection 7am to 11am

Location of sampling: Burns

Composting, Colombo

Areas Covered (give the name

of the area, give a short

description of the area in

context of the exercise)

Pittakotte Residential area, urban locality (mostly

underdeveloped areas- poor) and some

shops along the road side.


2360 Kg It was a rainly day, some waste were in

a wet condition.


estimate will do)

58 kgs Most of the paper were wet and in bad

condition.




0.8 kgs Pringles (potato wafers) was separated

out and few other local brand in the

same category.

Other Observations

The weather was humid

and it was rainy season

when the sampling was

conducted

Mostly a poor population but there

were some exceptions.

Truckload 2



6am)

Morning Shift, second

collection 7am to 11am

Location of sampling: Burns

Composting, Colombo





Kaduwella Residential area, semi urban locality.


3300Kg It was a rainy day. The main load was

form the households but they picked up

waste from few shops.


estimate will do)

69 Kg Most of the paper were wet and in bad

condition.



7 kgs Pringles (potato wafers) was separated

out. We also separate few locals brand


22


based on actual weighing) that had the aluminum foil.

Other Observations

The weather was humid

and it was rainy season

when the sampling was

conducted

The usage of PCCs varied according to

the user. Some bags has 15 and some

had not even one PCC.

Neptune Papers (Pvt) Ltd (No 390, Avissawella Road, Wellampitiya. (for details see

http://www.npl.lk/ ) was visited for the survey and sampling. However after interaction

with the manager, it became clear that no PCCs were coming to the mill even in the form of mixed paper waste. According to the manager, low grade paper waste & board is collected

from all over the island and exported to India and other countries. PCCs are not collected

as there is no market for it locally for recalling and recycling. If market is created, they were very much willing to initiate collection of PCCs through the local waste paper dealers.

1. The current weather prevailing in Sri Lanka was rainy and cold. Because of this weather condition consumers were less likely to use products in PCCs (Tetra Pak). Tetra Pak items, mostly liquid drinks and diary, will be consumed more during warmer days.

Therefore the sampling period may not be the most suitable period. Some other major

observations during the survey exercise are listed below.

2. The usage of PCCs is a growing trend among the young generation because of its accessibility and convenience of usage.

3. Households are switching from buying milk and coconut milk in bottles and plastic containers and switching to PCCs

4. Due to the lack of attention in disposal of PCCs, mosquitoes and other bacteria breed inside the container and spread diseases such as dengue and chikungunya.

5. According to the local responses the usage of PCCs will increase because of less costs, availability, freshness, likability and the attractive designs on the packaging.

6. Currently, there is no monetary or other value for PCCs in Sri Lanka. Hence, it gets dumped.

7. The collection and recycling could be done effectively and efficiently if the consumers, rag pickers, junk dealers, medium and large scale junk dealers are motivated by incentives or extra benefits. If a value and price is attached to recall of PCCs, then the

mindset of collection will change for good.

8. There are plenty of exporters, waste paper collectors and junk collectors willing to make business out of this opportunity.

9. There is direct link between the incentive given to them and their motivation level. It should be equal or more than then paper price current rate to kick start the process. On

average Srilankan Rs 25 will be an attractive figure for the paper waste dealers. At the ragpickers level, around 15 SLR should be a good amount.

10. The companies using PCCs for packaging are mostly from dairy industries and some juice makers. Executives in some of these big companies that were contacted on a

personal basis (based on personal contacts) had no answers to recalling their waste. It

appeared as an easy way to let the packs get dumped rather than to engage in a process of recall that may cost them more money.

11. The users of PCCs for packaging are not united in recalling PCCs. The lack of sensitivity and awareness on the environmental damage and threat to society is a major concern.


23

12. The financial benefits of recall too are not understood adequately by the PCC users. This is due to a lack of recall/recycling industry for PCCs.

Chandigarh

Total 29 people were surveyed and Sector- 25, 41, 37, 36, 44, Naya Gaon, Sarangpur, Toga

village, Dadumajra, Mouli Jagran etc were covered.

Out of the 14 rag pickers surveyed, all of them collect PCCs. On an average PCCs constitute

about 12.4% of the total waste paper collected by rag pickers. The average paper waste

collected by the surveyed ragpickers was about 230 kgs per month. DTDC of waste is practiced in a majority of pockets of Chandigarh, PCCs are collected from the streets,

community bins and landfills and also during the door to door collection. All the ragpickers

indicated that the majority portion of the collected PCCs comes from the upper and middle class localities. Majority of the surveyed rag pickers indicated that the PCCs collected by

them are most often empty and contain no leftover content (juice etc.).. All the rag pickers

indicated that they sell PCCs mixed with the other paper waste. However, Chandigarh has a PCC collection center supoorted by Tetra Pak. Some of the rag pickers and kabariwalas are

associated with this center and send segregated PCCs to the center. The collection of PCCs

as indicated by the rag pickers seems to be high because some of the surveyed ragpickers are working for the collection center and are dedicatedly sorting out PCCs. The ragpickers are

paid any where between 2 to 4 rupees a kg for the PCCs by the kabariwalas. Some of the

ragpickers indicated that the price should be higher to improve the collection efficiency.

Out of the 17 kabadiwalas surveyed, most of them could not indicate the quantum of PCCs

that they collect. Presently the medium and large scrap dealers don’t find it lucrative to

segregate and collect Tetra Pak which comes less in quantity and is lesser in weight. They like more to deal in goods by sale of goods which are easy to collect, segregate and can be

sold with high margins. However, according to the response provided by 3 respondents,

PCCs constitute about 2% of the total waste paper collected by them. On an average the surveyed kabadiwalas deal with 5500 kgs of paper waste per day. The paper mills purchase

the paper anywhere between rupees 5 to rupees 8 a kilo.

Sampling Results:

Table 13 summarizes the results of the sampling exercise conducted at the 5 large paper

waste dealers.

Table 13 Summary of sampling results at the paper waste dealers in Chandigarh

Name of the paper

waste dealer

Location Paper waste

sampled (in

Kgs)

Weight of

PCCs found

(in Kgs)

Fraction

of PCCs

Joginder Singh sector 52 200 4.2 2.10%

Kala sector 52 200 3.4 1.70%

Jagdish dadu Majra 200 4.4 2.20%

Rinku dadu Majra 200 6 3.00%

Rajesh dadu Majra 200 7.2 3.60%


24

The sampling results indicate that PCCs constitute about 2.5% of the total waste paper

collected by the paper waste dealers.

Dumpsite:

The dumpsite at Dadumajra (the only dumpsite in Chandigarh) was chosen for the sampling

exercise. The findings are summarised in the table below.

Table 14 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Chandigarh




6am)

10am to 1pm Initially it was very difficult to

get the sample, but because of

already existing local contacts,

we’re able to motivate rag-

pickers and scrap dealers to

cooperate.

Areas Covered (give the

name of the area, give a short



Sector-37, 41, 44, 25, 52 Dadumajra,

Sarangpur and Mouli Jagran area of

Chandigarh

The sample represents

collection of data from almost

all major areas of waste

collection and disposal.

Total Waste Load (in Kgs) 3 tons in Turck


estimate will do)

15 Kgs




4 Kgs It was collected by 8 women

which was weighed once

segregation was over.

Other Observations

Presently the medium and large

scrap dealers don’t find it lucrative

to segregate and collect Tetra Pak

which comes less in quantity and is

lesser in weight. They like moreto

deal in goods by sale of goods

which are easy to collect, segregate

and can be sold with high margins.

2. Segregation of waste Tetra Pak at

the place of origin be it household,

schoosl, canteens, Mess, Hotels,

Hospitals etc will make it easy for

the PCCs

Paper mill:

For the collection of sample from the paper mill, the place chosen was Punjab Tissue

Limited, Kurali, Distt. Ropar in Panjab where a Truck with a load of 3 tons was checked and out of 3 tons waste paper 30 Kg Tetra Pak (PCC’s) was found.


25

Panjim

About Waste Management in Panjim

Goa’s capital, Panaji city has an estimated population of 65,000 inhabitants and an equal

floating population that visit the city for employment, tourism and government services.

The total waste generated in the city limits is 50 Metric tonnes. This city however has gone a long way in terms of waste management. Improvement of ther collection bins in 1994,

starting of door to door collection services in 2000 and removal of street bins in 2003 were

some of the initiatives that the city undertook before it lost its main dump-site at Curca, about 14 kms outside the city. Faced with a crisis, the municipal authority along with

citizens, worked on a waste awareness campaign that has installed a number of best practice

solutions. Today, waste is separated into wet (organic) and dry (recyclable) waste at source. This is then picked up and treated or processed locally. The city has over 180 compost units

where the wet waste is turned into fertilizer. The dry waste is sorted and recycled at one of

the 5 sorting stations established by the municipality. Residual waste is then taken to a nearby dump site.

Tetra Pak and Panjim

Panjim has a connection with Tetra Pak since 2005. After a number of initiatives between Tetra Pak and the Corporation of the City of Panaji (CCP), they signed aMoU in 2007 and a

baler was provided to the CCP by Tetra Pak. Today, the CCP boasts of a separate baling

shed, equipped with two balers which is used to bale all sorts of recyclable items. Waste pickers that work in alliance with door to door collection staff have been instructed to keep

aside Tetra Pak cartons. They do this and other separations (such as batteries) and in

exchange, get access to the recyclable waste that they keep for themselves. These collected Tetra Pak cartons are then transported by the municipality to the sorting sheds.

Survey Findings

During the survey, we interviewed a number of Door to Door waste pickers, kabadiwalas as well as street-side scrap shops. A pattern was established that is unique to the city. It

appears that recyclers on the street that work independently do not collect PCC and are

unaware of the value of PCC. However, on the flip side, waste pickers working with the municipality collect PCC on instruction, but are unaware of the recycle value of PCC.

About 15 rag pickers were interviewed. A majority of them are engaged with the City

Council of Panjim (as Door To Door Waste collectors).The average collection of PCCs is reported to be around 17% of the total paper waste collected by them!.on an average, the

surveyed ragpickers collect 550 Kgs of paper waste per month.

Also working with the CCP were about 5 mid sizekabadiwalas that work within the CCP’s soritng stations exclusively on collected city waste. These recyclers collect PCC, with some

even buying PCC from other sources (at Rs.4-5 per kg). They then sell this collected PCC to a

private collection agency that works with Tetra Pak collections in Goa. The value they receive from the agency varies between 4-6 per kg, depending on the quantity collected. This

refund value was established by the agency only in March 2011 and has resulted in a

significant increase of the quantum of PCC collected from Panjim city.

12 kabadiwalas were surveyed. Five of them work for the CCP sorting centers. They

reported an average collection rate for PCCs to be around 5% of the total paper waste

collected by them. The average paper waste collected by each of these Kabadiwals is around 2000kgs per month.


26

Visits to street side kabadiwalas as well as larger size paper recyclers were done, and it was

learnt that as the value of PCC is not known, very little PCC enters their premises and therefore they appeared uninterested in starting collections of the same.

Three large scale paper dealers were interviewed. None of them is associated with the CCPs

collection centers. They indicated an average collection rate for the PCCs to be around .17%. the average paper waste collected by the surveyed dealers was around 8.2 tonnes per month.

A visit to the landfill site where the city rejects are disposed was done. This site, located at

the neighboring village of Taleigao also receives mixed, unsorted waste that is dumped into an abandoned quarry. It was noticed that the village waste contained a lot of PCC. When

examining the city’s reject waste, smaller sized (200-250ml) PCC was found in the rejects.

However, this was not much in quantity.

Figure 6 Sampling at the dumpsite in Panjim

Sampling Results

Large scale paper waste dealer

Only one large scale paper waste dealer is based in Panjim who deals with around 11 tonnes

per month of paper waste. The PCCs constituted about 1.25% of the total waste paper sampled at Radhakrishna & Company ( Merces, Panjim). A total of 400 kgs paper waste was

sampled and 5 kgs of PCCs were found in the same.

Dumpsite

Table 15 summarises the sampling results for the dumpsite.

Table 15 Summary of sampling at the dumpsite in Panjim




6am)

Sampling of waste was done

at 3-5pm. This is when one of

the collection trucks was due

to arrive. The truck arrived

approximately at 4.15pm.





The survey site is located at

the top of the Talegao Plateau.

This site has a open quarry

within which waste is tipped.

The site is very politically

unstable. As of today, the site

has stopped accepting waste

from Panjim. (since


27


The site receives about 4

truckloads of mixed waste

from Talegao village, and 10

truckloads of rejects from

Panjim city. The truck with

rejects very rarely contains

any PCC in it as it is already

manually sorted through.

25/may/11). However, when

the survey was done, it was

functioning normally. It is

likely that the city rejects will

resume once the political

problems are solved.


A single truck containing

mixed waste was estimated to

contain about 2000-3000kgs of

waste)

The tuck orginated from the

village of Talegao, which

borders panjim. However, the

vehicles, staff belong to Panaji

city. In all respects, Talegao is

an extension of the city.


estimate will do)

After manual sorting,

approximately 30-40kgs of

paper was extracted from the

waste within a single

truckload.




PCCs found to be in the

truckload of waste was found

to be about 3kgs.

However, the recyclers

operating there called me later

at 7pm to report that the next

truckload of waste contained

about 4kgs.

Other Observations

Waste originating from Panaji

city passes through a couple of

manual sorting areas. In this

process, most of the PCC is

removed, barring smaller

250ml juice cartons that have

escaped being picked out.

The waste pickers have been

incentivized at the landfill and

sorting stations. This allows

most of the PCC to be picked

out of the waste. However,

PCC collections among the

private recyclers that function

out of the municipal system,

street pickers, and door to

door kabariwallas is needed.

Conclusions

It appears that Tetra Pak recycling in Panjim is mainly functioning through the municipal collection system. Any PCC that escapes the collection is probably taken to dump sites or

burnt at kabadiwalas storage points. Very few admitted to selling PCC along with mixed

paper waste. They claim that the paper mills (located in Banda, Chiplun and Ratnagiri) in Maharashtra don’t accept them anyway.

There is a lot of potential to increase collections if awareness on the Value of PCC is spread

among the door to door collectors and street level kabadiwalas. Many of them expressed a concern that 4-6 Rs. Is a low value and would like higher refund values for better collections.


28

Hyderabad

Interview covered the rag pickers, kabadi wals and waste dealers from various areas of the city, like somajiguda, Methodist colony, B.S. Makta, Begumpet, musheerabad, Kukatpally,

Musapet.

The survey indicated that the PCCs are being collected and are being sent mixed with the other paper waste throughout the supply chain. Most of the pockets of Hyderabad has

DTDC in place and hence a significant portion is collected by the ragpickers during DTDC.

Paper and PCCs are also collect from bins, streets and dumpsite. Ragpickers are paid between 1.5 to 2.5 rupees a kilo for the waste paper. Kabadiwals may ask for anywhere

between 2 and 4 Rupees a kilo. The paper mills may buy the waste paper anywhere between

5 to 10 rupees a kilo depending on the quality. Many of the respondents indicated that the collection is significantly reduced during the rainy season.significant quantums of PCCs ar

found in commercial areas, market places and in the vicinity of schools, colleges and

canteens. Most of the ragpickers told that majority of the PCCs contain leftover content which creates problem in collection and storage.

Most of the respondents were not able to give robust estimation of the quantums of PCCs

collected by them. Hence a sampling exercise was conducted to ascertain the quantum of PCCs at every level. The results have been summarised in the table below.

Table 16 Summary of sampling in Hyderabad

Waste collection level Paper waste

sampled (Kgs)

PCCs found

(in Kgs)

Fraction of PCCs in

sampled waste

Ragpicker 20 0.5 2.50%

kabariwala 60 1.5 2.50%

kabariwala 100 3 3.00%

waste dealer 1500 15 1.00%

Paper mill (Sampling was conducted

at ITC paper mill Hyderabad. Contact

person Mr. Apsar – +91-8008502249

16000 80 0.50%

Sampling at large scale paper waste dealers

The findings have been summarised in the table below

Table 17 Summary of sampling at the waste dealers in Hyderabad

Dealer name Location Paper waste sampled (Kgs)

PCCs found (KGs)

Fraction of PCCs

Ram Babu – 9700121378 Kukatpally 2000 11 0.55%

Kistappa - 8008813442 Prashanth Nagar 1500 13 0.87%

Karunakar1- 9000798444 Sai Baba Nagar 1000 13 1.30%

Pasha Bhai- 9866718401 Moosapet 2000 10 0.50%

Raju Goud- 9246838509 Balkampet 1000 11 1.10%

Sampling at the dumpsite

Jawahar nagar dumpyard was selected for the sampling. The findings have been

summarised below.


29

Table 18 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Hyderabad




6am)

10.30 to 12.30 Jawaharnagar dump yard has

round the clock dumping





Jawaharnagar Dump yard gets

Solid Waste from all parts of

Hyderabad and is located

towards North East of

Hyderabad about 40 kms

away.

About 4000 tons. Of waste is

dumped per day.

Total Waste Load (in Kgs) A sample of 5 lorry loads @ 10

tonns per lorry was observed


estimate will do)

About 15 %




200 kgs PCC is mixed with paper and

being segregated separately

Other Observations

Subraks (Rag pickers) are

mostly picking up Metal,

Plastic, PET bottle, glass

Pune

Interview covered the rag pickers, kabadi walas and waste dealers from various areas of the city, like Kudalwadi, Pimpri, Sadashivpeth, Danderkarpul, Hadapsar, , Kothrud and

Bhawanipeth.

The survey indicated that the PCCs are being collected and are being sent mixed with the other paper waste throughout the supply chain. Most of the pockets of Pune has DTDC in

place and hence a significant portion is collected by the ragpickers during DTDC. Paper and

PCCs are also collect from bins, streets and dumpsite. Ragpickers are paid between 1 to 2 rupees a kilo for the waste paper. Kabadiwals may ask for anywhere between 2 and 4

Rupees a kilo. The paper mills may buy the waste paper anywhere between 7 to 10 rupees a

kilo depending on the quality.significant quantums of PCCs are found in commercial areas, market places and in the vicinity of schools, colleges and canteens. Most of the ragpickers

told that majority of the PCCs contain leftover content which creates problem in collection

and storage. Many of the respondents indicated that the informal sector is not very well aware of the value of the PCCs. Moreover, small volumes don’t encourage rag pickers to to

segregate these and transfer as a separate waste stream down the line.

Most of the respondents were not able to give robust estimation of the quantums of PCCs collected by them. Hence a sampling exercise was conducted to ascertain the quantum of

PCCs at every level. The results have been summarised in the table below.


30

Table 19 Summary of sampling at the waste dealers in Pune

Dealer name Paper waste

sampled

(Kgs)

PCCs found

(KGs)

Fraction of

PCCs

Comments

Imtiyaz 400 11 0.75% 10 sacks of 40 kgs

each were weighed

Babukhan 2000 13 2.50% One truck load-- does

not bale

Satish 2458 13 3.25% One truck load-- does

not bale

Shabbir 3000 10 2.60% one truck load

Total 7858 211 2.69%


Moshy Kachra Depot, Moshi was selected for the sampling. The findings have been summarised below.

Table 20 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Pune




6am)

3pm to 5pm





Moshi Kachra Depo,Moshi..

We segregate waste from

containers which came from

Sangvi area.

Sanghvi is a middle class area

with a lot of residential

societies. The area is serviced

by Swach that collects waste

door-to- door. So a lot of the

recyclables are already

collected by waste pickers

who dump wet waste into the

containers that are collected

and transported to the Moshi

Landfill

Total Waste Load (in Kgs) 11210kg This truck’s gross weight

was24085kg


estimate will do)

100 kg Empty weight was12875kg,net

was11210kg




1kg

Other Observations

A large percentage of the

waste in this truck was wet.

And because of the rains, a lot

of paper waste had been

mulched with it.


31

Delhi


Altogether 30 players were covered by administering of pre-designed questionnaire. Rag

pickers and Kabadiwals were selected randomly in most concentrated zone where those

players are engaged in larger numbers. The areas covered include sarita vihar, chirag delhi, lajpat nagar, sukhdev vihar, khanpur, CR park, Nehru Place, Rohini, Vasantkunj, Moti

nagar, Mongolpuri and Mahipalpur.

Out of the 11 rag pickers surveyed, all of them collect PCCs. According to the survey, on an average PCCs constitute about 5-7% of the total waste paper collected by rag pickers.

However, the reported quantity seems to be quite high primarily because the PCCs have low

density (since they are filled with air) and hence though the volume may be large, but the weight is less. The average paper waste collected by the surveyed ragpickers was about 150

kgs per month. PCCs are mostly collected from the streets, community bins and landfills. All

the ragpickers indicated that the majority portion of the collected PCCs comes from the upper and middle class localities. All the surveyed rag pickers indicated that the PCCs

collected by them are most often soiled and contain leftover content (juice etc.), which causes

problem in handling and storage of PCCs. All of the rag pickers indicated that they sell PCCs as mixed with other paper waste. The ragpickers are paid any where between 1 to 2

rupees a kg for the PCCs by the kabariwalas. Some of the ragpickers indicated that the price

should be higher to improve the collection efficiency.

Out of the 13 junk dealers (small and medium level) surveyed, majority of them indicated

that they collect the PCCs. On an average PCCs constitute about 5% of the total waste paper

collected by the kabadiwalas. The average paper waste collected by the surveyed kabadiwalas was about 13000 kgs per month. All of them indicated that they get the

majority of the collected PCCs from the upper and middle class localities. All the

kabadiwalas indicated that the PCCs which they collect is devoid of any left over content. The PCCs are sold to the large scale paper waste dealers at the rate of 3 to 6 rupees a kilo.

Many of the kabadiwalas indicated that the collection efficiency could be significantly

improved if they could collect PCCs from a centrally designated location.

Out of the 5 large scale low grade paper waste dealers surveyed, all of them indicated that

they collect the PCCs. On an average PCCs constitute about 2 % of the total waste paper

collected by the paper waste dealers. The average paper waste collected by the surveyed paper waste dealers was about 60 tonnes per month. All the paper waste dealers indicated

that the PCCs which they collect is devoid of any left over content. The PCCs are sold to the

paper mills at the rate of 6 to 8 rupees a kilo. Many of the paper waste dealers indicated that the collection efficiency could be significantly improved if they have a stable and growing

market for the PCCs.

Sampling at the waste dealers

The findings have been summarised in the table below.


32

Table 21 Summary of sampling results at the paper waste dealers in Delhi

Name of the paper

waste dealer

Paper waste

sampled (in

Kgs)

Weight of

PCCs found

(in Kgs)

Fraction

of PCCs

Guddu 200.0 2.0 1.00%

Lala 200.0 1.2 0.60%

Yadav 200.0 1.5 0.75%

Kamran 200.0 2.4 1.20%

Arvind 200.0 1.5 0.75%

Total 1000 8.6 0.86%

Sampling at the Dumpsite

Ghazipur dumpsite was chosen to conduct the sampling. The objective was to determine

the post consumer cartons present in the same.

Methodology:

� Waste reaching the landfill via DWM truck was analysed � Material was segregated immediately upon being unloaded to prevent loss of weight due to moisture loss.

� The waste was unloaded on to large sheets, and segregated into various kinds, within the larger categories of recyclable, non recyclable and organic.

� A supervisor ensured that the segregation was thoroughly done and all the items were retrieved from the garbage.

� Each of the items was separately bundled and weighed at a single scrap store to avoid errors in weights.

� The average daily quantum of waste reaching the landfill via DWM vehicle was computed based on the actual weights at Ghazipur landfill, during the period of the study.

The sampling details and findings have been summarised in the table below

Table 22 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Delhi


Time of Collection (indicate time. For

example: 3am to 6am)

12th May 2011, 2.pm to 4:30

p.m

Areas Covered (give the name of the area,

give a short description of the area in context

of the exercise)

Ghazipur landfill: Open dump

(landfill in delhi), close to

delhi Ghaziabad border.

Total Waste Load (in Kgs) 7.78 TONS

Total Paper Load (in Kgs) (an estimate will

do)

1651 kgs approx.

Total quantum of PCCs (in Kgs) (must be

precise and based on actual weighing)

127.2 kilos

Other Observations


33

Cochin

Sampling at the waste dealers

The findings have been summarised in the table below

Table 23 Summary of sampling at the waste dealers in Cochin

Dealer name Location Paper waste

sampled

(Kgs)

PCCs found

(KGs)

Fraction of

PCCs

Bismi Traders – 0484-

2354385

Market road,

Ernakulam

200 0 0

Ummer and sons -

9946488914

Church road,

Angamal

200 2 pieces 0

S.R. traders - 9388863021 Thamanam 200 0 0

K.I. Bawa and sons- Eddapallu 200 0 0

Vytilla traders-0484-

2341819

Vytilla 200 0 0


The sampling details and findings have been summarised in the table below

Table 24 Summary of sampling results at the dumpsite in Cochin




6am)

7:30 am to 2:30 PM With the help of 5 ragpickers

and 1 driver





Thamanam, Palarivattom,

pipeline, Kalloor,edopallu bye

pass, kacharipadu, broadway,

kamasari

Residential area and markets

covered by city corporation

Total Waste Load (in Kgs) 2.5 tonnes In tempo


estimate will do)

Around 200 kgs




1.7 kilos

Other Observations

Sampling at paper mills

Sree Shakthi Paper mill (contact person: Mr. Vinu Alex, 0484 23773230) based at Paliyam road, Ernakulam and Kochin Kagaz Pvt. Ltd. (contact person Mr. Jayen, General Manager,

0484 2451117) based at Angamaly, Ernakulam were covered. The permission for the

sampling was denied at both the places and hence only an interview and visual observation could be conducted.


34

The mills primarily manufactures cartons and Kraft paper. Major sources of procurement for

waste paper incude domestic paper waste dealers and a significant amount is imported from UK, USA and Canada.

They are not using Tetra Pak because the processing of paper waste may take around 2 to 3

hours whereas the other paper waste takes only 15 to 20 minutes. Moreover the aluminium and plastic presentr in PCCs keep floating in the pulp and has to be manually separated. The

products also develop black dots if PCCs are a part of the pulp.

Shree Shakti paper mill informed that they will be buying a new dispenser in the month of September (2011), which would be capable of processing PCCs. They are then considering to

buy the PCCs from the market.

PCC Management Chain

The figure below shows the schematic of the informal recycling system in India.

Figure 7 Schematic representation of the informal recycling system in India

PCCs at almost all the surveyed cities are going mixed with the road sweep or the low grade

waste paper. The PCCs are usually picked at the following three levels:

a) Street waste picking: PCCs are recovered from the other secondary raw materials from mixed waste found on streets or extracted from communal bins before collection. This

practice probably occurs in most of the cities, and is common across south Asia.

b) Municipal waste collection crew: PCCs are recovered along with the other waste from vehicles transporting waste to disposal sites. This practice is widespread in almost all the

cities where DTDC is practiced


35

c) Waste picking from dumps: Waste pickers/ scavengers sort through waste before it is covered at the site of final disposal, which is still generally open dumping in almost all the Indian cities and in South Asia. This is often carried out by communities that live on

or near the dump (Rouse, 2006).

Figure below shows the recycling pyramid.

Figure 8 The recycling Pyramid

At the bottom of the chain are the ragpickers who supply the collected waste to the retailers or the low level kabadiwalas followed by the stockist or the middle level kabadiwals who in

turn supply segregated waste to the wholesalers. The Paper waste is then supplied to the

recyclers or the waste paper based paper mills.

At some of the cities, Tetra Pak has roped in a few agencies that are collecting the segregated

PCCs from the ragpickers and the kabadiwalas and are storing it. Once they collect sufficient

quantites, these agencies supply the PCCs to the paper mills which are interested in it.

Economic Analysis

The table below summarises the selling value obtained (including transport) by every agent

in the informal sector on account of dealing in the PCCs for the survey cities

Table 25 Summary of value obtained (in Indian Rupees per Kg) on account of dealing in

PCCs

Cities Rag Pickers Small

Kabadiwala

(retailer)

Medium

Kabadiwala

(stockist)

Paper waste

dealer

(wholesaler)

Kolkata 4-5 4-6 5-6 7-10

Bangalore 3-4 4-5 5-6 7-9

Mumbai 2 2-4 4-6 8

Chandigarh 2-4 3-5 3-6 5-8

Hyderabad 1.5-2.5 2-4 3-7 5-10


36

05

1015

Kolkat

a

Banga

lore

Mum

bai

Chand

igar

h

Hyder

abad

Dhaka

Colom

boPun

eDelh

i

Cities

Val

ue p

aid

for

RS

(in

rupe

es)

Rag Pickers Small Kabadiw ala (retailer)

Medium Kabadiw ala (stockist) Paper w aste dealer (w holesaler)

Cities Rag Pickers Small

Kabadiwala

(retailer)

Medium

Kabadiwala

(stockist)

Paper waste

dealer

(wholesaler)

Dhaka (in BDT) 9-13 11-14 13-16 15-20

Colombo (In SLR)

(expected rates)

12-15 15-18 17-20 20-25

Pune 1-2 2-4 3-7 6-10

Delhi 1-2 2-4 3-6 6-8

Figure 9 Variation in the value of PCC at different levels in the informal collection chain

Hence the selling value at the rag pickers level varies from 1 to 4 rupees a kilo, at the retailer

level it may vary from 2 to6 rupees akilo, the stockist may get anywhere between 3 to 7 rupees a kilo for dealing in PCCs and the paper mills may buy it at the rate of 5 to 10 rupees

a kilo depending on the market and the condition of the PCCs.

For Colombo, the presented figures are what are expected by the informal sector to make them interested to deal in PCCs. No collection of PCCs is at present being done in Colombo

on account of absence of a market.

Material Flow Analysis

Methodology

Literature review was done to obtain the figures for overall MSW generation (A) in each of

the 11 cities. Total paper waste generation (B) figures were then obtained for each of the cities based on the previous studies. It was also found from the literature that the informal

sector collects between 30% to 40% of the total paper waste generated in India1234. Based on

these figures, total paper waste collected by the informal sector was computed (C). Based on

1 Hadker, N. 1995. Accounting for Informal Sectors: a Case Study of Solid Waste Management Systems in Bombay. Prepared for the ESCAP project, Environmental Accounting for India. Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research: Bombay. 2 National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) 1994. Solid Waste Management in Greater Bombay. Phase I Report. Metropolitan Environmental Improvement Program, A World Bank project. Nagpur. 3 Ali, S.M., Cotton, A. and Coad, A. 1996. “Municipal and Informal Systems in Solid Waste Management. In: Nabell Hamdi and Emy Al Sherif (eds). Educating for Real Intermediate Technology (IT) Publications: London. 4 Ali, S.M., Cotton, A. and Coad, A. 1993. Informal Sector Waste Recycling. Paper presented at the 19th WEDC Conference on Water, Sanitation, Environment and Development: 153-155 Accra, Ghana.


37

the sampling (as detailed out in the previous sections) done at the paper waste dealers at

each of the 11 cities, fraction of PCCs in the total waste paper at each location were ascertained (D). Multiplying C with D gave the total PCCs collected by the informal sector

and sent for recycling (E).

Consumption of PCCs at each city was obtained from Tetra Pak India (F). Fraction of PCCs in waste paper (G) at each city was computed by dividing B with F. Value of G for Panaji

was found to be more than 100% (probably because the figures provided by Tetra Pak were

for the whole of Goa and not specifically for Panaji) and F was not available for Colombo. Hence, F was computed for Panaji and Colombo using B and the average of G for the 9

cities.

Informal recycling rate (H) was computed by dividing E with F. Active recycling figures were obtained from Tetra Pak India (I). Active recycling rate (J) was computed by dividing I

with F. Total recycling rate was computed by adding H and J.

Literature review

Useful findings from the literature have been listed in the table below.

Table 26 Data retrieved from the literature review

Cities Total

waste

generatio

n5

(tonnes/d

ay) (A)

Percenta

ge paper

waste

out of

total

MSW

generate

d (B)

Total paper

waste

generation

(tonnes/da

y) (C=BxA)

Waste paper

recovered by

the informal

sector6 (@30%)

(tonnes/day)

(D1=30%xC)

Waste paper

recovered by

the informal

sector (@40%)

(tonnes/day)

(D2=40%xC)

MSW

collected

by ULB7

(%) (E)

MSW

going to

the

dumpsite

(tonnes/d

ay)

(F=ExA)

Kolkata 2,9708 6.25%9 185.63 55.69 74.25 70.00% 2079.00

Bangalore 282910 8%11 226.32 67.90 90.53 60.00% 1697.40

Mumbai 75612 7.52%13 568.51 170.55 227.40 70.00% 5292.00

Chandigarh 36814 6.50% 23.92 7.18 9.57 75.00% 276.00

Panjim 55.3115 7% 3.87 1.16 1.55 75.00% 41.48

Hyderabad 337916 7.26%17 245.32 73.59 98.13 65.00% 2196.35

5 www.cpcb.nic.in/wast/municipalwast/Studies_of_CPCB.pdf, acessed on 6/6/2010 6 7 CPCB 2008d 8 Master Plan on Solid Waste Management, Kolkata Municipal Corporation, accessed at http://www.keip.in/bl3/pdfFiles/master_plan.pdf 9 Kolkata Environment Improvement Project (KEIP) 2003, Master Plan on Solid Waste Management. 10 For year 2012, as per City Development Plan Bangalore, 2006, accessed at http://www.docstoc.com/docs/48998288/Bangalore-CDP 11 CPCB, 1999; accessed on “Perspectives of Solid Waste Management in India”, Kurian Joseph, Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai 12 For year 2012, as per estimates of Appraisal of City Development Plan, Navi Mumbai, June 2008, accessed at http://www.niua.org/jnnurm/CDP%20Appraisal_NAVI%20MUMBAI_NIUA.pdf 13 Paper titled “Capacity of Act in India’s Solid Waste Management and Waste to Energy Industries by Ms. Perinaz Bhada (Dec 2005) 14 Solid Waste generated in Chandigarh, Newsletter, accessed at http://chandigarhenvis.nic.in/beta/EnvisPdfFiles/nl070907.pdf 15 City Services and Utilities, accessed at http://jnnurm.nic.in/nurmudweb/toolkit/PanajiCdp/Chapter-6.pdf 16 Hyderabad City Development Plan, Chapter IV- Municipal Services, accessed at http://www.ourmch.com/cdp/chapter%204.pdf 17 Detailed project report for Integrated Solid Waste Management for Hyderabad (FEB 2009), by SENES consultants for GHMC.


38

Cities Total

waste

generatio

n5

(tonnes/d

ay) (A)

Percenta

ge paper

waste

out of

total

MSW

generate

d (B)

Total paper

waste

generation

(tonnes/da

y) (C=BxA)

Waste paper

recovered by

the informal

sector6 (@30%)

(tonnes/day)

(D1=30%xC)

Waste paper

recovered by

the informal

sector (@40%)

(tonnes/day)

(D2=40%xC)

MSW

collected

by ULB7

(%) (E)

MSW

going to

the

dumpsite

(tonnes/d

ay)

(F=ExA)

Dhaka 400018 6.45%19 258.00 77.40 103.20 75.00% 3000.00

Colombo 70020 6.50%21 45.50 13.65 18.20 75.00% 525.00

Pune 124022 5%23 62.00 18.60 24.80 70.00% 868.00

Delhi 7,70024 6.60%25 508.20 152.46 203.28 65.00% 5005.00

Cochin 60026 6.50% 39.00 11.70 15.60 60.00% 360.00

Computation of Recycling rate

The table below summarises the computation of the recycling rates according the the assumption that informal sector recovers 30% of the total waste paper generated.

18 “Solid Waste Management in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Innovation in Community Driven Composting”, Dr. Mushtaq Ahmed Memon, Oct 1st, 2002; accessed at http://kitakyushu.iges.or.jp/docs/sp/swm/2%20Solid%20Waste%20Management%20in%20Dhaka.pdf 19 “Solid Waste Management” N.M. Kazi, Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies, accessed at http://www.adb.org/Documents/Conference/Asian_Cities_3/vol_3no4.pdf 20 Solid Waste Management, Colombo Municipal Council 2003; accessed at http://www.environmental-auditing.org/Portals/0/AuditFiles/lk253eng03ar_ft_solidwastemgmt.pdf 21 “Solid Waste Circus in Sri Lanka” accessed at http://www.swlf.ait.ac.th/data/Case%20studies/Colombo%20Case%20Study.pdf 22 City Development Plan,2006-2012,Vol. 1,Pune Municipal Corporation, accessed at http://www.punecorporation.org/pmcwebn/informpdf/jnnurm/CDPPUNE/Pune%20CDP-Volume%201-final.pdf 23 “Municipal Waste Management in Emerging Mega Cities-A case study of Pune city”, Prof. M.R. Gidde, Dr. V. V. Todkar, Prof. K.K. Kokate; GCE 2008: Indo-Italian Conference on Green & Clean Environment, MIT College of Engineering, Pune 24 City Development Plan, October 2006, Department of Urban Development & Government of Delhi, accessed at http://ccs.in/ccsindia/pdf/00%20Executive_Summary.pdf 25 CPCB, 1999; accessed on “Perspectives of Solid Waste Management in India”, Kurian Joseph, Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai 26 Solid Waste Management- Cochin Corporation, accessed at http://www.corporationofcochin.net/urban_kb/Sloid%20Waste%20Management.pdf


39

Table 27 PCC Recycling rate for the scenario when informal sector recovers 30% of the total waste paper

Cities Consumpti

on of Tetra

Pak in

tonnes per

annum (for

2010)

Waste paper generation

(tonnes/annum)

Fraction

of PCC

in waste

paper

Waste paper recovered

by the informal

sector @ 30%(tonnes/

annum)

Fraction

of pcc in

paper

waste

collected

at waste

dealer

level

PCC

collected by

the informal

sector

(tonnes/year)

Informal

recycling

rate

Active

recycling

(tonnes/

annum)

Active

recycling+

inactive

recycling

Total

recycling

rate

Kolkata 999 67753.13 1.47% 20325.94 1.88% 382.13 38.25% 382.13 38.25%

Bangalore 4814 82606.80 5.83% 24782.04 1.32% 327.12 6.80% 372 699.12 14.52%

Mumbai 4700 207506.88 2.26% 62252.06 2.88% 1792.86 38.15% 790 2582.86 54.95%

Chandigarh 354 8730.80 4.05% 2619.24 2.52% 66.00 18.65% 29.5 95.50 26.98%

Panjim 40.42 1413.17 2.86% 423.95 1.25% 5.30 13.11% 5 10.30 25.48%

Hyderabad 1536 89540.12 1.72% 26862.04 0.90% 241.76 15.74% 382 623.76 40.61%

Dhaka 3400 94170.00 3.61% 28251.00 1.38% 389.86 11.47% 389.86 11.47%

Colombo 474.97 16607.50 2.86% 4982.25 0.00% 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00%

Pune 800 22630.00 3.54% 6789.00 2.69% 182.62 22.83% 141 323.62 40.45%

Delhi 3159 185493.00 1.70% 55647.90 0.86% 478.57 15.15% 217 695.57 22.02%

Cochin 216 14235.00 1.52% 4270.50 0.00% 0.00 0.00% 96 96.00 44.44%

Total 20493.39 790686.40 2.59% 237205.919 1.43% 3866.23 18.87% 2032.5 5898.732 28.78%


40

The table below summarises the computation of the recycling rate assuming that the informal sector collects 40% of the total waste paper

generated.

Table 28 PCC Recycling rate for the scenario when informal sector recovers 40% of the total waste paper

Cities Consumption

of Tetra Pak in

tonnes per

annum (for

2010)

Waste

paper

generation

(tonnes/an

num)

Fraction

of PCC

in waste

paper

waste paper

recovered

by the

informal

sector @

40%(tonnes

/ annum)

fraction

of pcc in

paper

waste

collected

at waste

dealer

level

PCC

collected

by the

informal

sector

(tonnes/

year)

informal

recycling

rate

active

recycling

(tonnes/

annum)

active

recycling

+inactive

recycling

total

recycling

rate

Kolkata 999.00 67753.13 1.47% 1.93% 1.88% 509.50 51.00% 509.50 51.00%

Bangalore 4814.00 82606.80 5.83% 8.00% 1.32% 436.16 9.06% 372 808.16 16.79%

Mumbai 4700.00 207506.88 2.26% 3.22% 2.88% 2390.48 50.86% 790 3180.48 67.67%

Chandigarh 354.00 8730.80 4.05% 11.64% 2.52% 88.01 24.86% 29.5 117.51 33.19%

Panjim 40.42 1413.17 2.86% 3.51% 1.25% 7.07 17.48% 5 12.07 29.85%

Hyderabad 1536.00 89540.12 1.72% 2.47% 0.90% 322.34 20.99% 382 704.34 45.86%

dhaka 3400.00 94170.00 3.61% 4.51% 1.38% 519.82 15.29% 519.82 15.29%

Colombo 474.97 16607.50 2.86% 3.51% 0.00% 0.00 0.00% 0.00 0.00%

Pune 800.00 22630.00 3.54% 3.73% 2.69% 243.50 30.44% 141 384.50 48.06%

Delhi 3159.00 185493.00 1.70% 2.28% 0.86% 638.10 20.20% 217 855.10 27.07%

Cochin 216.00 14235.00 1.52% 1.58% 0.00% 0.00 0.00% 96 96.00 44.44%

Total 20493.39 790686.40 2.59% 3.46% 1.43% 5154.98 25.15% 2032.5 7187.477 35.07%


41

PCCs at the paper mills

Summary of the sampling carried out at the paper mills is given in the table below. Amount of PCCs found in the sampled waste paper at the paper mills level (1.23%) was close to the

average amount found at the large scale low grade paper waste dealers (1.43%).

Table 29 PCC recycling rate based on the sampling at the paper mills

City Name of the

mill

Type of

exercise

Total paper

waste

sampled

(Kgs)

PCCS found

(kgs)

PCCs in

waste

Kolkata Everest paper

mill pvt ltd

sampling 1200 23 1.92%

Chandigarh Punjab tissues

ltd

sampling 3000 30 1.00%

Hyderabad ITC sampling 16000 80 0.50%

Dhaka Loba board

and paper mill

pvt ltd

sampling 1187 14.6 1.23%

Vapi Gayatri Shakti survey 1.50%

Bangalore South India

paper mills

sampling 0

Colombo Neptune sampling 8510 0

Cochin Shree Shakti survey 0

Average (Only the one's accepting PCCs have been counted) 1.23%

Total paper waste reaching the paper mills in India (excluding imports)

(tonnes/annum)@30%

179756

Total paper waste reaching the paper mills in India (excluding imports)

(tonnes/annum)@40%

239674

PCCs reaching paper mills (tonnes/annum)@30% 2211

PCCs reaching paper mills (tonnes/annum)@40% 2948

Consumption of PCCs in 2010 (tonnes) 20493

Recycling rate @ 30% collection 10.79%

Recycling rate @ 40% collection 14.39%


42

PCCs going to the dumpsite

Table below summarises the computations for the dumpsite.

Table 30 Summary of the sampling at the dumpsites

Cities Total MSW

going to the

dumpsite

(tonnes/annum)

Fraction of PCCs

in MSW sampled

at the dumpsite

(%)

PCCs going to

the dumpsite

(tonns/annum)

Kolkata 758835 0.01% 75.8835

Bangalore 619551 0.22% 1363.012

Mumbai 1931580 0.02% 386.316

Chandigarh 100740 0.13% 130.962

Panjim 15141.11 0.10% 15.14111

Hyderabad 801667.8 0.40% 3206.671

Dhaka 1095000 0.04% 438

Colombo 191625 0.12% 229.95

Pune 316820 0.01% 31.682

Delhi 1826825 1.76% 32152.12

Cochin 131400 0.07% 91.98

Average (excluding Delhi) 0.11%

The samples of the waste sampled at the dumpsites were all taken from just 1 truck load of

municipal waste and hence the amount of PCCs present in the MSW, as found by this

exercise (.11%) may not be the actual representation. Hence, it is recommended that a sampling exercise should be performed at one city and waste samples should be taken from

different trucks bringing waste from different areas and at different times to get a closer

representation.

Material flow summary

Recycling rates as computed in table 23 and 24 may be taken as the most representative

estimate for the actual recycling rates for the PCCs in South Asia. The computation is based on the sampling exercise carried out at around 55 large scale low grade paper waste dealers

(the end point of the informal sector collection chain) across 11 cities in South Asia. These 11

cities together account for about 65% of the total consumption of Tetra Pak in South Asia. About 11 tonnes of RS (Road Sweep grade waste paper) was sampled in these 11 cities to

arrive at the PCC collection rates at the low grade paper waste dealers level. Percentage of

PCC in RS (P) was determined based on the sampling. Total waste paper collected by the informal sector (W) at each of the 11 cities was estimated based on an exhaustive literature

review. The collection rate for the PCCs was calculated by multiplying P and W. No reliable

data is available to determine the fraction of RS in the total waste paper collected by the informal sector. Hence the actual PCC collection rate could be slightly higher than the

computed figures. Since, almost all the waste collected at the low grade paper waste dealers

level goes to the paper mills for recycling, the collection rate may be assumed to be equal to the recycling rate.


43

From table 23 and 24 it may be concluded that informal recycling rate (inactive recycling

rate) for the PCCs is somewhere between 18.9% to 25.2 % in South Asia. This is lower then the informal recycling rate for waste paper which is between 30% to 40% in South Asia. The

main reasons for a lower rate, as indicated by the informal sector in the questionnaire survey

are the following:

� Most of the paper mills do not want PCCs because processing of paper waste containing PCCs may take 2 to 3 hours as against 15 to 20 minutes for the other paper waste (this is because the PCCs contain polyethylene and aluminium). The products also develop black dots if PCCs are a part of the pulp. Hence the demand for PCCs is low in the market

� PCCs have low density (high volume and less weight) and hence the informal sector does not get good profit on account of dealing in PCCs

� Often, the PCCs contain remnants (juice, milk, oil etc) and hence are difficult to store. Storing PCCs with other paper waste attract rodents and may spoil the other paper waste. The volumes are not good enough for segregating and storing them separately.

In many of the cities, Tetra Pak is managing collection centers for collecting PCCs, which are

involved in active recycling. Active recycling in South Asia accounts for around 8.6% in

South Asia27. Hence the overall recycling rate for PCCs in South Asia for 2010 is computed to be between 27.5% and 33.8%. The average of the two (30.6%) may be taken as the actual

recycling rate. Figure below graphically summarizes the material flow for the PCCs in South

Asia for 2010.

Figure 10 Material Flow Summary for PCCs28

27 According to Tetra Pak, In 2010, 2570 tonnes of PCCs were recycled through the collection centers. Total consumption of Tetra Pak in 2010 in South Asia was around 30,000 tonnes. 28 The data is for the year 2010.

T ota l G enera tion o f P C C s =

30 ,000 tonnes

A ctive ly recyc led = 2570 tonnes

(8 .6% )

In fo rm a lly recyc led = 6615 ton nes

(22 .05% )

T o ta l recyc led = 9185 tonnes

(30 .62% )

P C C s go ing in to the env ironm en t =

2081 5 tonnes(69 .38% )

T o ta l G enera tion o f P C C s =

30 ,000 tonnes

A ctive ly recyc led = 2570 tonnes

(8 .6% )

In fo rm a lly recyc led = 6615 ton nes

(22 .05% )

T o ta l recyc led = 9185 tonnes

(30 .62% )

P C C s go ing in to the env ironm en t =

2081 5 tonnes(69 .38% )


44

Recommendations

1. R&D should be encouraged to identify technology which can separate paper from polyethylene and aluminium in PCCs. Paper mills should also be involved in this effort

and hence more demand for PCCs should be created in the market.

2. Active recycling has significant contribution in the overall recycling of the PCCs. Hence, efforts should be made to upscale the capacity of the existing collection centers and to

install more such centers in other places.

3. Kolkata reports the highest informal recycling rate for the PCCs and many ragpickers reported that they separate paper from the PCCs before selling them to the kabadiwalas.

The management of PCCs should be further studied in Kolkata and lessons may be

replicated at other places.

4. Waste paper exporters in Colombo reported that they are planning to initiate campaigns for segregation of waste paper at the household level in Sri Lanka. Tetra Pak may

explore the opportunity to tie up with them and tap PCCs from this potential market.

5. Such an exercise (to study the management of PCCs in major cities and identify the recycling rates) may be repeated in every 3 years to assess the improvement in the

recycling rates.

6. Tetra Pak, in association with other agencies may initiate a study to identify waste paper management by the informal sector in South Asia. Special onus should be laid to identify

the fraction of RS in waste paper collected by the informal sector.


45

Annexure 1: Waste Collectors Questionnaire

Name of Interviewer (INT): ______________________________

Name of Supervisor (SUP): _______________________________

1. General Information

101 Name of the individual waste

collector

102 Type of waste collector (rag picker,

small kabadiwala (door to door

waste collector), medium level

kabadiwala (junk dealer), low

grade paper waste dealer)

103 Address

104 Phone number, if any ______________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Mobile

2. Size

201 Total area covered for

collection of waste?

(consider all types of

waste)

Area Name/Localities No. of smaller

Kabariwalas/ragp

ickers covered in

each location

1.

2.

Project : Tetra Pak PCC

management

Waste Collectors (rag pickers, door to

door waste collectors, low grade paper

waste dealers)

April 2011

Confidential for Research Purposes only


46

3.

4.

5.

6.

7. Others

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

202 Total paper waste

collected per month? (In

Kg)

Kg

3. Collection Pattern

301 Do you collect Tetra Pak© Post

Consumer Cartons (PCC)?

Yes ……………………………….1

No………………………………. 2

303

302 IF NO IN Q301, then why not?

MULTIPLE RESPONSES

No one returns PCCs to us……..……………. 1

There are no incentives for us………………….. 2

Other (SPECIFY)_______________________ 3.

303 IF YES IN Q301, do you pay anything to

the Rag Picker, door-to-door

Kabariwala or other kabariwala, in

return?

Yes …………………………………. 1

No ………………………………….. 2

305

304 IF YES IN Q303, then how much

In Rupees per Kg

305 IF NO IN Q303, then why not?

There is no return value for us …………….. 1

Other (SPECIFY)__________________ 2


47

306 Quantity of PCCs collected( per month)

In Kgs per Month

307 Sources of procurement (can be more

than one also)

MULTIPLE RESPONSES

Households ……………………………………………………….. 1

Door-to-door

kabariwala/Ragpickers……………………………............. 2

Picked from streets/wastebins/landfills…………….. 3

Others (SPECIFY) __________________________ 4

308 Is there any economic demarcation in

this?

It is collected only from upper and middle class

Localities……………………………………………………………. 1

It is collected even from poor localities…………….. 2

Commercial/business establishments/market

places……………………………………………………………….. 3

Other places (SPECIFY)_____________________ 4

309 What is the condition of the PCC that

you collect?

Most of the PCCs collected by us do not contain any

leftover content (juice etc) ………..…………………..1

Most often soiled PCCs which contain leftover content

(juice etc) only …………..…………….……..2

310 How do you sell the PCCs? As a separate waste stream………………………………… 1

As mixed waste stream (mixed with other paper

waste)………………………………………………………………… 2

311 What is the fate of the PCCs collected

by you?

MULTIPLE RESPONSES

It is handed over to a larger-scale scrap dealer…… 1

It is sent for recycling along with

other paper items, collected by us to

recyclers……………………………………..……………………… 2

It is handed over to paper mill in our

area……………………………………………………………………. 3

312 Do you get any money in return of

giving PCCs to the large-scale scrap

dealer?

Yes a ………………………….. 1

No …………………..…… 2

313


48


In Rupees per Kg

314 Do you get any money in return of

giving PCCs to recyclers or paper mills?

Yes ………………………….. 1

No ………………………… 2

315


In Rupees per Kg

316 What net profit do you make on

account of dealing in PCCs

In Rupees per Kg

317 Anything that discourages you from

dealing in PCCs

318 Any comments on how could the

collection of PCCs be improved

THANKS AND CLOSE


50

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