Systemes Systemes de Reference Temps—Espace Observatoire Observatoire de...

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Systemes Systemes de Reference de Reference Temps Temps Espace Espace Observatoire Observatoire de Paris de Paris I. I. Dutta Dutta , D. , D. Savoie Savoie , M. , M. Meunier Meunier , B. Fang, R. Geiger, C. , B. Fang, R. Geiger, C. Garrido Garrido Alzar Alzar , , A. A. Landragin Landragin

Transcript of Systemes Systemes de Reference Temps—Espace Observatoire Observatoire de...

Page 1: Systemes Systemes de Reference Temps—Espace Observatoire Observatoire de …first-tf.com/.../2015/07/22-FIRST-TF-AG2015-dutta.pdf · 2015-07-16 · Systemes . Systemes de Reference

SystemesSystemes de Reference de Reference TempsTemps——EspaceEspaceObservatoireObservatoire de Paris de Paris

I. I. DuttaDutta, D. , D. SavoieSavoie, M. , M. MeunierMeunier, B. Fang, R. Geiger, C. , B. Fang, R. Geiger, C. GarridoGarrido AlzarAlzar, , A. A. LandraginLandragin

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I.Interferometry to Cold Atom Gyroscope

II.Experimental Set-up and Measurements

III.Results and Further Improvements

IV.Remarks

LayoutLayout

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http://museumvictoria.com.au/scidiscovery/image_pages/mn004211.asp?URL=/scidiscovery/li

ght/interfere.asp

Principles

of

Interferometry

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Atomic interferometer

lasers

atoms

Principles

of

Interferometry

-15-10 -5 0 5 100,0

0,5

1,0

Δφ

Δφ: difference of accumulated phase shift along the two arms : 2 waves interferences

http://greatmindsofscience.tumblr.com/post/217384980

86/the-power-of-observation-part-1

http://museumvictoria.com.au/scidiscovery/image_pages/mn004211.asp?URL=/scidiscovery/li

ght/interfere.asp

Light interferometer

mirror

mirror

beam splitter

light

«

Quantum

»

regime:Cold Atoms

Wave-particle

duality

of

atoms

Transition in internal

states

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Gyroscope using

Interferometry

Sagnac

Effect

Experiment

is

rotating

Reference

is

fixed

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Sagnac

phase shift :

Atomic Atomic GyroscopeGyroscope

cos121P

E : energy of atomsA : physical area

Manipulating

atomic

wave

packets with light pulses

Bigger

sensitivity

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6S1/2 9,2 GHz

6P3/2

852 nm

Raman transitions

D2

line for Cs

A two photon transitionF=3

F=4

Transition between 2 momentum states

7 mm/s

Atom Interferometer MechanismsAtom Interferometer Mechanisms

/2 /2

T T3 Pulse Interferometer

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6S1/2 9,2 GHz

6P3/2

852 nm

Raman transitions

D2

line for Cs

A two photon transitionF=3

F=4

Transition between 2 momentum states

7 mm/s

Atom Interferometer MechanismsAtom Interferometer Mechanisms

/2/2

T/2 T T/2

4 Pulse Interferometer

Bigger

Area

Gauguet et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.

97, 010402

(2006)

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Inertial Navigation Precision MeasurementsApplications in Geodesy

and Seismology

Applications

Gravity Probe B

SYRTE Gyroscope (Paris)

Aim:Extremely

Precise

and

Stable

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Experimental Set Up @ SYRTEExperimental Set Up @ SYRTE

3D MOT

2D MOT

Detection

4 Pulse Geometry: 11cm2 area (max.)30 times

bigger

area than

existing

atom

gyros

Large baseline

but human-size

Cold Atomic

Source (1.4μK) with

fast

repeatability

π/2 Pulse

π

Pulse

2T =800ms possible

Present

day:

2T = 480ms; Area = 2.4 cm2

2 m

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InterferometricInterferometric PerfomancesPerfomances

Reduced

Fringe

visibility

:

Vibration Noise

2T = 480ms; Area = 2.4 cm2

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Vibration Signal

Inte

rfer

omet

erSi

gnal

EffectEffect ofof Vibration NoiseVibration Noise

Estimation of

Vibration at

the

centre

Commercial Vibration Sensors

Signal Correlation

of

Interferometer

and

External

Sensor

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Looking

at

Longterm

Stability

GryoscopicGryoscopic ResultsResults andand TowardsTowards ImprovementsImprovements

Noise + Signal

Extracted

Signal

~15 times

Acquire

Vibration

Noise

Recompensate

in laser for light pulsing

End

Cycle

Start

Cycle

Real

Time

Noise Removal

=Real

Time

Rotation Signal

No post

analysis:More Automation

2.6 parts per billion of 1 rad/s in 2000 s

Ωearth

=73 parts per

millionof

1 rad/s

Best precision

Best stability

0.12 parts per million of 1 rad/s

in 1 s

Result

after

Post

Treatment

of

Data

Method

similar

to “Hybridization”

Lautier

& Lours

et al.Appl. Phys. Lett.

105, 144102

(2014)

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Way to Improve:No Dead Time

Short term Limitation:

Under-sampled Parasitic

Vibration Noise

Testing

as a Fountain

Clock

Classical Trajectory

4 Pulse 2 Pulse

Ω

T T

H1

H2

Inertial Noise in Gyro=

Local Oscillator Noise in Fountain Clock

No-Dead-Time: No loss of

Information

Useful for Inertial

Navigation

We lose information

Waiting

to Prepare

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Ramsey Pulse

Detection

Height

Time

Dead Time

Φ1(0)

Φ1(T)

Φ2(0)

Φ2(T)

Φ3(0)

Φ3(T)

Φ2(0)

Φ2(T)

Φ3(0)

Φ3(T)Φ1(T)

Φ2(0)

∆Φ1

= Φ1

(T) -

Φ1

(0) ∆Φ2

= Φ2

(T) –

Φ2

(0) ∆Φ3

= Φ3

(T) –

Φ3

(0)∆Φ2

= Φ2

(T) –

Φ2

(0) ∆Φ3

= Φ3

(T) –

Φ3

(0)

Fundamental Noise Limit

With Added Phase Noise

With Added Noise andNo Dead Time

~10 times

Average faster to Fundamental Noise

Cycle Time

TRamsey

= 480 ms

Meunier and

Dutta

et al.Phys. Rev. A

90, 063633 (2014)

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Type of Gyro

Research Group/ Industry

Area

Long term

stability (rad/s)

Integration time

Atomic

SYRTE Gryo

(Old

Set Up) (2009)[1]

20 mm2 1×10-8 ~15 mins

SYRTE Gyro (New Set Up)

(2014)2.4 cm2 2.6×10-9 ~30 mins

[1] Gauguet

et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW A 80, 063604 (2009)[2] LEFEVRE, IXBLUE, Comptes

Rendus

Physique (2014)[3] Schreiber et al.,IOPScience, Quantum Electronics, (2014)

< 10-8 rad/s in 1 sec 11cm2 < 10-10 ~30 mins

Optical

Fiber

Optic

Gyro

(IXBLUE) (FR) (2014)

[2]

3 km Long Fiber in loops

5×10-11 38 days

Ring Laser Gyro

(DE) (2014) [3]

16 m2 6×10-13 2 hours

- Seismology

-

Tidal forces-

Variation ofEarth’s rotation

-

Realtivistic

effects

10-9

10-10

10-11

10-12

10-13

10-14

10-15

∆Ω(rad/s)

Effects:

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Type of Gyro

Research Group/ Industry

Area

Long term

stability (rad/s)

Integrati on time

Atomic

SYRTE Gryo

(Old

Set Up) (2009)[1]

20 mm2 1×10-8 ~15 mins

SYRTE Gyro (New Set Up)

(2014)2.4 cm2 2.6×10-9 ~30

mins

[1] Gauguet

et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW A 80, 063604 (2009)[2] LEFEVRE, IXBLUE, Comptes

Rendus

Physique (2014)[3] Schreiber et al.,IOPScience, Quantum Electronics, (2014)

< 10-8 rad/s in 1 sec 11cm2 < 10-10 ~30

mins

- Seismology

-

Tidal forces-

Variation ofEarth’s rotation

-

Realtivistic

effects

10-9

10-10

10-11

10-12

10-13

10-14

10-15

∆Ω(rad/s)

Effects:

Large Area Atom Gyroscope:Extremely Precise and Stable

Larger Area+

No-Dead-Time Mode+

Real Time Rotation Signal

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End Remarks

Future prospects: Improvement

methods for ourGyroscope

Towards a Standard with bigger area:

11 cm2

area (2T = 800 ms)

Large Area Atomic Gyroscope Scheme

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Funding Partners:

Team:Atom Interferometers and Inertial Sensors

DenisSavoie Arnaud

Landragin

BessFang

CarlosGarridoAlzar

RemiGeiger

MatthieuMeunier

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Funding Partners:

Team:Atom Interferometers and Inertial Sensors

DenisSavoie Arnaud

Landragin

BessFang

CarlosGarridoAlzar

RemiGeiger

MatthieuMeunier