SUMMARY OF RESULTS ROUND 5 AFROBAROMETER SURVEY...

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SUMMARY OF RESULTS ROUND 5 AFROBAROMETER SURVEY IN BURUNDI, 2012 Compiled by: Groupe De Recherche Et D’appui Au Developpement Des Initiatives Democratiques (GRADIS) and Institute for Development Studies (IDS), University of Nairobi

Transcript of SUMMARY OF RESULTS ROUND 5 AFROBAROMETER SURVEY...

SUMMARY OF RESULTS

ROUND 5 AFROBAROMETER SURVEY IN

BURUNDI, 2012

Compiled by:

Groupe De Recherche Et D’appui Au

Developpement Des Initiatives Democratiques

(GRADIS)

and

Institute for Development Studies (IDS),

University of Nairobi

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Afrobarometer Round 5

Summary of Results for Burundi, 2012

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that will be covering up to 35 African countries in Round 5

(2011-2013). Based on representative national samples, the surveys assess citizen attitudes to democracy and governance,

markets, and civil society, among other topics. The first round of surveys was conducted between 1999-2001 and covered seven

Southern African countries (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in

West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Round 2 surveys were completed by

November 2003 with four new countries added: Kenya, Senegal, Cape Verde and Mozambique. Round 3 surveys were conducted

from March 2005 to February 2006 in the same countries, plus Benin and Madagascar. The 4 th Round of surveys covered 20

countries between 2008 and 2009, with the addition of Burkina Faso and Liberia.

The Afrobarometer is a joint enterprise of the Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA), the Center for Democratic

Development (CDD-Ghana), the Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP), and the Institute for

Development Studies (IDS) at the University of Nairobi in Kenya, with additional technical support provided by Michigan State

University (MSU) and University of Cape Town (UCT). The Afrobarometer National Partner in Burundi is GRADIS.

From 26 November to 12 December, 2012, the Afrobarometer surveyed a nationally representative, random, stratified

probability sample of 1200 adult Burundians. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in the language of the respondent’s choice

by the Afrobarometer team based at GRADIS. Local language translations were done in one languages: Kirundi. IDS provided

technical backstopping for the survey. This was the first Afrobarometer survey conducted in Burundi.

The sample was drawn by taking the smallest geographic units, Census Enumeration Areas (EAs), and stratifying all EAs across

the country into separate lists according to provinces and geographical area (urban/rural). 150 EAs were then randomly selected

from these lists with the probability proportionate to its size in the overall population as represented in the 2012 projections of the

total population, based on the 2008 census, provided by the national institute of statistics, Institut des Statistiques et Etudes

Economiques du Burundi (ISTEEBU). This ensured that every eligible adult had an equal and known chance of being selected.

Eight households were then randomly selected within each EA, and a respondent 18 years of age or older was randomly selected

from each household. A gender quota ensured that every other interview must be with a female. A sample of this size is

sufficient to yield an overall margin of error of +/-3 percent at a confidence level of 95 percent.

Below is an outline of the survey findings from all the questions posed to respondents. We also present the findings by some

critical demographics such as gender and place of residence (urban-rural).

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the Mo Ibrahim

Foundation, the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the United States Agency for International

Development (USAID) for Afrobarometer Round 5.

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Contact Information:

For more information please visit the Afrobarometer website, www.afrobarometer.org, or www.twitter.com/afrobarometer or

contact:

Christophe Sebudandi Alain Ndikumana Abel Oyuke

National Investigator Co-NI and Data Manager AB Project Manager (EA)

GRADIS GRADIS IDS, University of Nairobi

[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

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Survey Overview

The Quality of Democracy and Governance in Burundi

Afrobarometer Round 5, 2012

Dates of Fieldwork: November 26th to December 12th 2012

Sample size: 1200

Sampling frame: Projections of 2012 total population provided by the national institute of statistics, Institut des

Statistiques et Etudes Economiques du Burundi (ISTEEBU), based on 2008 Census Figures.

Sample universe: Citizens of Burundi who are 18 years and older

Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample

Stratification: Province and urban-rural location

Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents

PSU selection: Probability proportionate to population size (PPPS)

Cluster size: 8 households per PSU

Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval

Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate

gender listed, after which household member draws a numbered card to select individual

Weighting: Weighted to account for individual selection probabilities

Margin of error: +/- 3% at 95% confidence level

Fieldwork by: GRADIS

Survey Languages: Kirundi, French

Main researchers: Christophe Sebudandi, Alain Ndikumana

Outcome rates:

Contact rate: 92.1%

Cooperation rate: 75.8 %

Refusal rate: 4.5%

Response rate: 69.8%

EA Substitution Rate: 4.7% (3 for 29 for urban strata and 3 for 121 rural strata)

__________________________________________________________________

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Note: All figures in the following tables are percentages, rounded to whole numbers. Due to rounding, columns may not add up

to exactly 100. Also note that a figure of “0” reported indicates that at least 1 response, but less than 0.5 of all responses, were in

this category, whereas a dash (“-“) or blank cell indicates that there were no responses in this category. For Questions 1 through

100, weighted frequency distributions are reported.

DEMOGRAPHICS

Unweighted Weighted

Gender

Male 50% 50%

Female 50% 50%

Location

Urban 18% 18%

Rural 82% 82%

Region

Bubanza 4% 4%

Bujumbura 7% 7%

Bujumbura Mairie 6% 6%

Bururi 7% 7%

Cankuzo 3% 3%

Cibitoke 6% 6%

Gitega 9% 9%

Karusi 5% 5%

Kayanza 7% 7%

Kirundo 8% 8%

Makamba 5% 5%

Muramvya 4% 4%

Muyinga 8% 8%

Mwaro 3% 3%

Ngozi 8% 8%

Rutana 4% 4%

Ruyigi 5% 5%

Education

No formal education 33% 33%

Primary 49% 49%

Secondary 15% 15%

Post-secondary 3% 3%

Religion

Christian 95% 95%

Muslim 3% 3%

Other 1% 1%

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1. How old are you?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

18-25

26-35

36-45

46-55

56-65

Over 65

31 23 20 29 25

35 28 30 29 30

15 20 19 19 19

8 15 14 14 14

6 9 11 6 8

5 4 5 3 4

2. Which Burundian language is your home language?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

French

Kiswahili

Kirundi

0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

99 100 100 99 99

3A. In general, how would you describe: The present economic condition of this country?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Bad

Fairly bad

Neither good nor bad

Fairly good

Very good

Don't know

19 12 16 11 13

38 41 40 40 40

18 16 17 16 16

20 25 22 26 24

3 6 4 6 5

2 1 1 1 1

3B. In general, how would you describe: Your own present living conditions?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Bad

Fairly bad

Neither good nor bad

Fairly good

Very good

16 15 17 13 15

31 40 38 39 39

25 21 22 22 22

26 21 20 23 22

2 3 3 3 3

4. In general, how do you rate your living conditions compared to those of other Burundians?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Much Worse

Worse

Same

Better

Much Better

Don't know

8 9 9 10 9

34 31 31 31 31

45 44 45 43 44

12 14 14 14 14

0 2 1 2 1

0 0 0 0 0

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5A. Looking back, how do you rate the following compared to twelve months ago: Economic conditions in this country?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Much Worse

Worse

Same

Better

Much Better

Don't know

19 14 16 14 15

44 37 38 38 38

18 21 21 21 21

16 24 22 23 23

1 3 2 2 2

2 1 1 1 1

5B. Looking back, how do you rate the following compared to twelve months ago: Your living conditions?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Much Worse

Worse

Same

Better

Much Better

Don't know

19 15 15 15 15

42 36 39 35 37

22 23 21 24 23

15 24 22 23 23

2 2 2 2 2

1 0 0 1 0

6A. Looking ahead, do you expect the following to be better or worse: Economic conditions in this country in twelve

months time?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Much Worse

Worse

Same

Better

Much Better

Don't know

24 16 19 16 17

25 21 23 19 21

15 14 11 16 14

19 35 31 33 32

7 8 8 7 8

11 7 7 8 8

6b. Looking ahead, do you expect the following to be better or worse: Your living conditions in twelve months time?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Much Worse

Worse

Same

Better

Much Better

Don't know

22 16 18 16 17

22 20 22 19 20

14 17 15 17 16

24 36 32 35 34

7 7 7 8 7

12 5 5 6 6

7. What about the overall direction of the country? Would you say that the country is going in the wrong direction or

going in the right direction?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Going in the wrong direction

Going in the right direction

Don't know

65 44 48 47 48

34 53 50 49 49

1 3 3 3 3

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8A. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: Enough food to eat?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Just once or twice

Several times

Many times

Always

38 19 22 23 22

8 9 11 6 9

30 33 31 35 33

21 35 32 32 32

2 5 5 4 4

8B. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: Enough clean water for home

use?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Just once or twice

Several times

Many times

Always

Don't Know

49 42 41 45 43

8 6 6 6 6

17 17 19 16 17

18 20 20 20 20

8 15 15 12 13

0 0 0 0 0

8C. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: Medicines or medical

treatments?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Just once or twice

Several times

Many times

Always

Don't Know

54 42 43 45 44

10 11 10 11 10

18 26 23 26 25

17 18 20 15 17

2 4 4 3 3

0 0 0 0 0

8D. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: Enough fuel to cook your food?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Just once or twice

Several times

Many times

Always

52 33 39 34 37

7 8 7 8 8

22 23 23 24 23

16 26 22 25 24

4 10 8 9 9

8E. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: A cash income?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Just once or twice

Several times

Many times

Always

Don't Know

9 4 5 4 5

2 2 2 2 2

24 16 17 17 17

47 45 44 47 46

18 33 32 29 30

0 0 0 0 0

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9A. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Felt unsafe walking in your neighborhood?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Just once or twice

Several times

Many times

Always

73 70 69 72 70

12 13 13 12 13

11 11 11 11 11

5 5 5 5 5

0 1 1 0 1

9B. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Feared crime in your own home?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Just once or twice

Several times

Many times

Always

79 80 78 81 80

10 7 7 8 7

9 7 8 7 8

1 5 5 4 5

0 1 1 0 1

10A. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family: Had something stolen from your house?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes, once

Yes, twice

Yes, three or more times

80 81 79 83 81

13 12 12 12 12

5 4 6 3 4

3 3 3 2 3

10B. During the past year, have you or anyone in your family: Been physically attacked?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes, once

Yes, twice

Yes, three or more times

96 94 93 96 95

4 3 4 2 3

1 1 2 1 1

0 1 1 1 1

10c. Was any such incident reported to the police?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Not applicable

13 13 13 13 13

8 8 9 6 8

79 79 77 81 79

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11. Some people say that many crimes are never reported to the police. Based on your experience, what do you think is

the main reason that many people do not report crimes like thefts or attacks to the police when they occur?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Most people do report crimes to the police

People don't have enough time to report crimes

No police or police station in the area/too far

Police don't listen or care

Police would have demanded money or a bribe to help

Police wouldn't have been able to do anything

Police may be involved in the robbery or assault

Victim feared reprisal from attacker

Victim too ashamed or embarrassed

Crime was reported to other authority

Criminal unknown / lack of suspect

People fear police / don’t trust police

Crime was minor

Don’t know how to report / ignorance

Other

Don't know

35 39 36 40 38

4 3 3 3 3

2 8 8 7 7

17 8 10 9 10

4 6 8 3 6

5 4 5 5 5

10 4 7 3 5

9 8 8 8 8

3 2 1 3 2

5 8 7 9 8

0 1 0 1 1

1 0 1 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 2 1 1

4 6 4 8 6

12. If you were a victim of crime in this country, who, if anyone, would you go to first for assistance?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

None of these/no effective assistance available

The police

A security service or security company that you pay for

A traditional leader or traditional court

A street committee or local security organization

A powerful local person or local gang

You would personally take revenge

You would join with others to take revenge

Your own family or friends

The family of the perpetrator

Local government official

Neighbor

God

Army

Other

Don't know

0 1 1 0 1

45 37 40 37 38

3 2 2 3 2

14 25 22 25 23

18 21 21 20 20

0 1 1 1 1

1 0 1 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

11 10 9 11 10

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1

2 0 0 1 1

2 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 1 0

1 0 0 0 0

13A. Often do you get news from the following sources: Radio?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Less than once a month

A few times a month

A few times a week

Every day

11 24 15 28 21

4 5 4 6 5

3 5 4 7 5

23 22 23 22 23

59 44 56 37 46

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13B. How often do you get news from the following sources: Television?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Less than once a month

A few times a month

A few times a week

Every day

Don't know

57 94 85 91 88

4 1 2 1 2

4 1 1 1 1

13 2 6 2 4

22 2 6 5 5

0 0 0 0 0

13C. How often do you get news from the following sources: Newspapers?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Less than once a month

A few times a month

A few times a week

Every day

Don't know

76 96 89 96 93

8 1 3 1 2

6 1 3 2 2

8 1 3 1 2

3 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0

13D. How often do you get news from the following sources: Internet?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Less than once a month

A few times a month

A few times a week

Every day

Don't know

79 93 90 91 91

3 1 1 1 1

5 1 2 2 2

7 1 3 1 2

4 0 2 0 1

2 4 2 4 3

14. How interested would you say you are in public affairs?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all interested

Not very interested

Somewhat interested

Very interested

Don't know

12 17 12 21 16

16 17 17 17 17

34 29 27 32 30

35 36 43 28 36

4 1 1 1 1

15. When you get together with your friends or family, would you say you discuss political matters:

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Occasionally

Frequently

Don't know

41 58 44 65 55

39 27 33 25 29

21 15 23 9 16

0 0 0 1 0

11

16. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Sometimes politics and government seem so complicated that a

person like me cannot really understand what is going on.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Don't know/Don't understand

52 57 56 57 56

21 18 19 19 19

5 6 5 7 6

10 9 10 8 9

10 7 9 6 8

2 3 3 3 3

17A. In this country, how free are you: To say what you think?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all free

Not very free

Somewhat free

Completely free

Don't know

25 12 16 12 14

22 17 20 15 18

27 36 31 37 34

24 35 32 34 33

1 1 0 2 1

17B. In this country, how free are you: To join any political organization you want?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all free

Not very free

Somewhat free

Completely free

Don't know

14 5 9 5 7

12 9 11 8 10

27 39 36 39 37

45 46 44 47 46

1 1 0 1 1

17C. In this country, how free are you: To choose who to vote for without feeling pressured?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all free

Not very free

Somewhat free

Completely free

Don't know

8 2 4 2 3

5 5 6 4 5

25 33 30 34 32

62 59 59 61 60

0 0 0 0 0

18. Let’s talk for a moment about the kind of society we would like to have in this country. Which of the following

statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: Once in office, elected leaders are obliged to help their home community or group first.

Statement 2: Since elected leaders should represent everyone, they should not do anything that favours their own group

over others.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

9 7 7 8 8

5 10 8 10 9

18 29 27 27 27

67 54 58 55 56

0 0 0 0 0

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19. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: Government should be able to ban any organization that goes against its policies.

Statement 2: We should be able to join any organization, whether or not the government approves of it.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

7 4 4 6 5

3 9 6 10 8

25 41 35 40 38

64 44 54 42 48

0 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

20. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: The media should have the right to publish any views and ideas without government control.

Statement 2: The government should have the right to prevent the media from publishing things that it consider harmful

to society.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

53 33 39 35 37

20 34 29 33 31

10 15 15 14 15

15 16 16 16 16

1 1 1 1 1

0 1 0 1 1

21. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: The government is like a parent. It should decide which is good for us.

Statement 2: The government is like our employee. We are the bosses and should tell government what to do.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

28 27 25 29 27

26 36 32 36 34

12 15 15 14 14

33 22 27 20 24

1 1 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0

22. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: Men make better political leaders than women, and should be elected rather than women.

Statement 2: Women should have the same chance of being elected to political office as men.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

17 11 13 10 12

13 12 14 11 13

22 34 32 32 32

46 42 40 46 43

1 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 0 0

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23. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: In our country, women should have equal rights and receive the same treatment as men do.

Statement 2: Women have always been subject to traditional laws and customs, and should remain so.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

48 42 42 45 43

29 39 36 39 37

8 8 9 7 8

13 9 10 9 10

1 2 2 1 2

0 0 0 0 0

24. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: If funds for schooling are limited, a boy should always receive an education in school before a girl.

Statement 2: If funds for schooling are limited, a family should send the child with the greatest ability to learn.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

2 3 2 3 3

1 4 4 3 3

23 34 32 32 32

71 57 60 59 60

2 2 2 2 2

1 0 0 0 0

25A. Let’s turn to your role in the community. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For

each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member:

A religious group that meets outside of regular worship services?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not a Member

Inactive Member

Active Member

Official Leader

71 68 71 66 68

21 20 16 24 20

3 7 6 7 6

5 5 7 3 5

25B. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you

are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: Some other voluntary association or

community group?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not a Member

Inactive Member

Active Member

Official Leader

69 62 63 64 63

18 22 19 23 21

8 8 9 7 8

5 8 9 6 7

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26A. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you,

personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a

community meeting?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, would never do this

No, but would do if had the chance

Yes, once or twice

Yes, several times

Yes, often

6 3 2 5 4

32 16 13 26 19

14 11 11 12 12

20 26 23 27 25

27 43 51 30 40

26B. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you,

personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Got

together with others to raise an issue?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, would never do this

No, but would do if had the chance

Yes, once or twice

Yes, several times

Yes, often

Don't know

6 6 5 7 6

30 23 16 32 24

16 10 9 12 11

21 29 29 26 27

28 33 41 23 32

0 0 0 0 0

26C. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you,

personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Refused to

pay a tax or fee to government?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, would never do this

No, but would do if had the chance

Yes, once or twice

Yes, several times

Yes, often

Don't know

82 79 82 76 79

9 10 10 10 10

1 2 2 2 2

2 3 2 4 3

5 3 3 5 4

2 2 1 3 2

26D. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you,

personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a

demonstration or protest march?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, would never do this

No, but would do if had the chance

Yes, once or twice

Yes, several times

Yes, often

Don't know

84 88 87 87 87

10 9 10 9 10

3 1 1 1 1

2 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 1 0

0 1 1 1 1

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26E. Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you,

personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Used force

or violence for a political cause?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, would never do this

No, but would do if had the chance

Yes, once or twice

Yes, several times

Yes, often

Don't know

94 95 95 94 95

6 3 3 4 4

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1 0

0 1 0 1 1

27. In regard to the most recent national election in 2010, which statement is true for you?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

You were not registered to vote

You voted in the elections

You decided not to vote

You could not find the polling station

You were prevented from voting

You did not have time to vote

You did not vote because your name not in the register

Did not vote for some other reason

You were too young to vote

Don't know / Can't remember

6 2 3 2 3

74 87 87 83 85

3 0 1 1 1

1 0 1 0 0

0 1 1 1 1

4 1 1 2 1

0 0 0 0 0

7 3 4 4 4

5 6 4 7 5

0 0 0 0 0

28. On the whole, how would you rate the freeness and fairness of the last national election, held in 2010? Was it:

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not free and fair

Free and fair, with major problems

Free and fair, but with minor problems

Completely free and fair

Do not understand the question

Don't know

11 5 8 3 6

14 6 7 7 7

23 20 23 18 21

46 68 59 69 64

0 0 0 0 0

5 2 2 3 2

29A. Thinking about the last national election in 2010, did you: Attend a campaign meeting or rally?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

63 55 47 66 56

37 45 53 34 43

0 0 0 0 0

29B. Thinking about the last national election in 2010, did you: Try to persuade others to vote for a certain presidential or

legislative candidate or political party?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

76 81 74 86 80

24 19 26 14 20

0 0 0 0 0

16

29C. Thinking about the last national election in 2010, did you: Work for a candidate or party?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

79 83 75 88 82

21 17 25 11 18

0 0 0 0 0

30A. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or

to give them your views: A local government councilor?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Only once

A few times

Often

Don't know

81 76 73 81 77

7 9 9 9 9

7 10 12 7 9

6 4 6 3 5

0 0 0 0 0

30B. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or

to give them your views: A Member of Parliament?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Only once

A few times

Often

Don't know

95 95 93 96 95

1 2 3 2 2

2 2 3 1 2

2 1 2 0 1

0 0 0 0 0

30C. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or

to give them your views: An official of a government agency?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Only once

A few times

Often

Don't know

94 92 89 95 92

3 3 4 2 3

2 4 5 2 3

1 1 2 1 1

0 0 0 0 0

30D. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons about some important problem or

to give them your views: A political party official?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Only once

A few times

Often

Don't know

92 88 87 90 88

2 4 3 5 4

4 6 7 4 6

2 2 3 1 2

0 0 0 0 0

17

31A. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Only one

political party is allowed to stand for election and hold office?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Strongly Disapprove

Disapprove

Neither Approve Nor Disapprove

Approve

Strongly Approve

Don't Know

69 50 62 46 54

12 22 21 19 20

3 6 3 8 6

10 17 11 20 15

3 4 3 5 4

3 1 1 2 1

31B. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: The army

comes in to govern the country?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Strongly Disapprove

Disapprove

Neither Approve Nor Disapprove

Approve

Strongly Approve

Don't Know

70 58 67 53 60

14 24 21 24 22

3 4 2 6 4

8 10 7 13 10

2 1 1 2 2

3 2 1 3 2

31C. There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Elections

and Parliament are abolished so that the president can decide everything?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Strongly Disapprove

Disapprove

Neither Approve Nor Disapprove

Approve

Strongly Approve

Don't Know

77 58 68 55 61

11 23 18 23 21

4 5 3 6 5

4 11 9 11 10

1 1 1 1 1

2 2 1 3 2

32. Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion?

Statement 1: Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government.

Statement 2: In some circumstances, a non-democratic government can be preferable.

Statement 3: For someone like me, it doesn’t matter what kind of government we have.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

STATEMENT 3: Doesn't matter.

STATEMENT 2: Sometimes non-democratic preferable

STATEMENT 1: Democracy preferable.

Don't know

19 24 13 33 23

3 2 3 3 3

77 73 84 64 74

1 1 1 1 1

18

33. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: It is more important to have a government that can get things done, even if we have no influence over what it

does.

Statement 2: It is more important for citizens to be able to hold government accountable, even if that means it makes

decisions more slowly.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

15 13 14 12 13

13 18 14 20 17

31 37 36 36 36

38 29 33 29 31

1 2 2 2 2

0 1 0 1 0

34. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: We should choose our leaders in this country through regular, open and honest elections.

Statement 2: Since elections sometimes produce bad results, we should adopt other methods for choosing this country’s

leaders.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

59 49 56 46 51

26 39 33 41 37

6 5 4 6 5

8 5 6 5 6

1 1 0 1 1

0 1 0 1 1

35. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: Political parties create division and confusion; it is therefore unnecessary to have many political parties in

Burundi.

Statement 2: Many political parties are needed to make sure that Burundians have real choices in who governs them.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

15 12 11 15 13

8 12 9 14 12

30 33 32 33 32

47 41 47 36 42

0 1 1 2 1

0 0 0 0 0

19

36. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2

Statement 1: Parliament should ensure that the President explains to it on a regular basis how his government spends

taxpayers’ money.

Statement 2: The President should be able to devote his full attention to developing the country rather than wasting time

justifying his actions.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

41 26 32 26 29

27 36 34 36 35

9 15 12 16 14

20 20 20 20 20

1 1 1 1 1

1 2 1 2 2

37. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2

Statement 1: Opposition parties should regularly examine and criticize government policies and actions.

Statement 2: Opposition parties should concentrate on cooperating with government and helping it develop the country.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

7 5 6 4 5

7 10 10 9 10

29 36 31 39 35

57 47 51 47 49

0 1 1 0 1

1 1 1 1 1

38. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2

Statement 1: The news media should constantly investigate and report on government mistakes and corruption.

Statement 2: Too much reporting on negative events, like government mistakes and corruption, only harms the country.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

63 42 50 41 46

25 36 32 37 34

3 9 7 10 8

9 11 10 11 11

0 1 1 0 1

0 1 0 1 0

39. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: Members of Parliament represent the people; therefore they should make laws for this country, even if the

President does not agree.

Statement 2: Since the President represents all of us, he should pass laws without worrying about what Parliament thinks.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

42 30 37 28 32

27 41 39 39 39

10 13 9 15 12

10 11 10 11 11

9 4 5 4 5

1 1 0 2 1

20

40. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: Since the President was elected to lead the country, he should not be bound by laws or court decisions that he

thinks are wrong.

Statement 2: The President must always obey the laws and the courts, even if he thinks they are wrong.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

7 6 7 5 6

9 13 12 13 12

28 42 36 43 39

46 36 40 35 38

8 3 4 3 4

2 1 0 2 1

41. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2

Statement 1: The Constitution should limit the president to serving a maximum of two terms in office.

Statement 2: There should be no constitutional limit on how long the president can serve.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

40 27 34 25 29

18 22 22 21 22

15 22 20 22 21

25 26 23 29 26

1 2 1 2 2

1 1 1 2 1

42. In your opinion how much of a democracy is Burundi today?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not a democracy

A democracy, with major problems

A democracy, but with minor problems

A full democracy

Do not understand question/democracy

Don't know

14 6 10 5 7

33 17 21 18 20

34 35 38 32 35

18 41 31 43 37

0 1 0 1 1

1 1 0 1 1

43. Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Burundi? Are you:

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Burundi is not a democracy

Not at all satisfied

Not very satisfied

Fairly satisfied

Very satisfied

Don't Know

1 1 1 0 1

22 10 14 10 12

34 18 22 20 21

27 35 34 34 34

15 35 28 34 31

0 1 0 1 1

21

44. Many things may be desirable, but not all of them are essential characteristics of democracy. If you have to choose

only one of the things that I am going to read, which one would you choose as the most essential characteristic of

democracy?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Government narrows the gap between the rich and the poor

People choose government leaders in free and fair elections

Government does not waste any public money

People are free to express their political views openly

None of these

Don't know

26 26 24 29 26

28 29 28 30 29

15 12 15 10 13

29 30 32 28 30

1 1 1 1 1

0 1 0 2 1

45. And here is another list. Which one of these things would you choose as the most essential characteristic of democracy?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Government ensures law and order

Media is free to criticize the things government does

Government ensures job opportunities for all

Multiple parties compete fairly in elections

None of these

Don't know

40 37 34 42 38

12 14 15 12 14

29 24 24 26 25

19 22 25 18 22

0 1 1 1 1

0 1 0 2 1

46A. On a scale between 0 and 10, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where

would you place each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Our country today?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say

5 2 3 2 2

1 1 1 0 1

6 2 4 2 3

13 2 5 3 4

13 5 7 5 6

15 18 19 16 17

8 9 9 9 9

12 10 11 10 11

12 15 15 14 14

5 5 5 5 5

10 28 20 30 25

2 2 1 3 2

22

46B. On a scale between 0 and 10, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where

would you place each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Our country ten years ago, in 2002?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say

Refused

7 14 15 10 13

6 3 3 3 3

12 10 12 8 10

12 10 12 9 11

11 9 10 9 9

21 19 18 21 19

6 5 6 6 6

4 4 4 4 4

5 4 6 3 4

1 2 2 2 2

5 6 5 7 6

9 13 8 17 12

0 0 0 0 0

46C. On a scale between 0 and 10, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where

would you place each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Our country under previous non-democratic

regime?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say

Refused

8 9 11 6 9

1 3 3 3 3

7 5 6 4 5

4 5 5 4 4

7 5 5 6 5

9 10 12 8 10

9 6 6 6 6

7 4 5 4 4

9 5 7 5 6

4 3 3 4 3

5 10 12 7 9

30 34 24 42 33

0 1 1 1 1

23

46D. On a scale between 0 and 10, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where

would you place each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough to say: And on the same scale, where would you want

our country to be in the future?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say

0 0 0 0 0

1 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 0 1

2 2 2 1 2

8 5 7 5 6

15 9 11 9 10

66 77 75 76 75

6 5 3 8 5

47A. On the same scale, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where would you

place each of the following countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say: People’s Republic of China?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say

1 1 1 0 1

1 0 1 0 1

0 1 1 0 0

1 1 1 0 1

0 1 1 0 1

2 5 6 3 4

7 3 4 4 4

10 4 6 4 5

9 4 7 3 5

4 2 4 2 3

6 7 9 4 7

58 72 59 80 69

47B. On the same scale, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where would you

place each of the following countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say: United States of America?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

0 0 1 1 0 1

1 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 1 1 0 1

3 0 0 0 0 0

4 0 1 1 0 1

5 3 3 4 3 3

6 3 2 3 2 2

7 5 4 5 3 4

8 13 6 10 4 7

9 17 5 10 4 7

10 10 12 16 7 11

Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say 47 66 50 76 63

24

47C. On the same scale, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where would you

place each of the following countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say: South Africa?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say

1 0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 0 1

4 2 2 2 2

6 5 6 3 5

8 3 5 4 4

13 4 8 2 5

8 5 8 3 5

4 3 5 1 3

5 6 8 4 6

52 70 55 79 67

47E. On the same scale, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where would you

place each of the following countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Zimbabwe?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say

5 2 4 1 3

5 1 3 1 2

4 3 5 2 3

6 3 4 3 3

4 4 6 3 4

5 4 6 3 5

5 2 3 1 2

3 1 2 1 1

3 1 2 1 2

0 1 1 1 1

1 2 2 1 2

59 75 62 82 72

25

47E. On the same scale, where 0 means completely undemocratic and 10 means completely democratic, where would you

place each of the following countries, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Britain, you know, the United Kingdom or UK?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Don’t know / haven’t heard enough to say

2 1 2 1 2

0 0 1 0 0

0 1 1 1 1

2 1 1 1 1

2 2 3 1 2

6 4 6 3 5

7 3 5 3 4

10 3 6 3 4

11 5 8 4 6

4 2 3 1 2

4 4 5 3 4

53 73 59 79 69

48A. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The courts have the right to

make decisions that people always have to abide by.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neither Agree Nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

Don't know

11 8 10 6 8

11 9 10 8 9

6 4 5 5 5

43 57 52 57 55

27 21 22 23 22

1 1 0 1 1

48B. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The police always have the right

to make people obey the law.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neither Agree Nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

Don't know

12 9 11 7 9

15 13 14 12 13

6 5 5 6 5

38 53 49 52 51

28 20 21 22 21

1 0 0 1 1

48C. For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The tax authorities always have

the right to make people pay taxes.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neither Agree Nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

Don't know

10 9 10 9 10

13 14 14 13 14

8 6 6 7 6

41 52 51 49 50

25 16 19 17 18

2 3 1 5 3

26

49. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: It is important to obey the government in power, no matter who you voted for.

Statement 2: It is not necessary to obey the laws of a government that you did not vote for.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

64 48 53 48 51

26 36 33 35 34

4 10 7 10 8

6 6 5 6 6

0 1 1 0 0

1 0 0 0 0

50. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: Citizens must pay their taxes to the government in order for our country to develop.

Statement 2: The government can find enough resources for development from other sources without having to tax the

people.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

37 28 33 26 29

23 27 27 26 27

18 26 22 27 25

21 17 17 19 18

0 1 0 2 1

1 0 0 0 0

51. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: It is better to pay higher taxes, if it means that there will be more services provided by government

Statement 2: It is better to pay lower taxes, even if it means there will be fewer services provided by government.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

26 16 20 16 18

12 18 18 16 17

27 36 32 37 34

29 26 27 25 26

4 3 3 4 3

2 1 1 2 2

52A. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does the news media abuse its freedoms by printing or saying things it

knows are not true?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

33 36 35 37 36

47 44 49 39 44

10 7 9 7 8

3 2 2 3 2

6 11 6 14 10

27

52B. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does competition between political parties lead to violent conflict?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

12 17 15 17 16

27 38 38 34 36

51 37 40 40 40

9 7 7 9 8

1 1 1 1 1

52C. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does the President ignore the courts and laws of the country?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

41 58 54 57 55

26 22 25 20 22

13 7 10 6 8

3 1 2 1 2

17 11 9 15 12

52D. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are opposition parties or their supporters silenced by the government?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

18 34 29 34 31

26 26 24 27 26

40 29 33 28 30

11 6 10 4 7

5 6 4 7 5

52E. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Does the President ignore parliament and just do what he wants?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

47 60 56 59 57

22 18 22 15 19

13 6 9 6 7

3 1 3 1 2

15 15 10 19 15

53. In this country, how effective is the news media in revealing government mistakes and corruption?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all effective

Not very effective

Somewhat effective

Very effective

Don't know

3 4 4 4 4

10 12 13 11 12

27 31 29 31 30

59 47 53 46 49

2 6 2 8 5

28

54. During election campaigns in this country, how much do you personally fear becoming a victim of political

intimidation or violence?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

A lot

Somewhat

A little bit

Not at all

Don't know

15 16 18 14 16

12 11 12 11 11

21 17 17 19 18

52 55 52 56 54

1 1 1 1 1

55. How likely do you think it is that powerful people can find out how you voted, even though there is supposed to be a

secret ballot in this country?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all likely

Not very likely

Somewhat likely

Very likely

Don't know

80 77 75 80 78

7 8 7 9 8

5 6 7 5 6

6 7 9 6 7

1 2 2 1 1

56A. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people have to be careful of what they say about politics?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

6 11 11 9 10

9 15 15 14 14

33 35 34 36 35

50 38 40 40 40

2 1 0 1 1

56B. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are people treated unequally under the law?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

14 25 24 22 23

23 30 28 29 28

50 35 38 38 38

12 9 10 10 10

2 1 0 2 1

56C. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are women treated unequally by traditional leaders?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

33 46 50 38 44

32 31 30 32 31

32 18 17 24 20

2 4 2 5 3

1 1 1 2 1

29

56D. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are women treated unequally by the police and courts?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

37 47 49 41 45

30 32 31 32 32

28 15 15 20 18

2 3 2 4 3

3 2 2 3 2

56E. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Are women treated unequally by employers?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

35 44 47 38 43

28 29 28 30 29

28 14 16 17 17

3 3 3 3 3

5 9 6 11 8

56F. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do officials who commit crimes go unpunished?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

15 24 21 24 23

14 20 19 18 19

50 36 39 38 38

20 16 19 15 17

0 4 2 5 3

56G. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do ordinary people who break the law go unpunished?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

58 74 73 70 72

32 16 19 19 19

6 4 5 5 5

4 4 3 5 4

0 1 1 1 1

56H. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people obtain household services, like water or electricity, without

paying for them?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

81 76 76 78 77

9 11 12 9 11

5 6 6 5 5

4 3 3 4 3

1 5 3 5 4

30

56I. In your opinion, how often, in this country: Do people avoid paying the taxes that they owe the government?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Rarely

Often

Always

Don't know

33 51 49 47 48

32 26 29 25 27

26 12 14 15 14

2 2 2 2 2

8 10 6 12 9

57. Let me ask you again about the most essential characteristics of democracy. If you have to choose only one of the

things that I am going to read, which one would you choose as the most essential characteristic of democracy?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Legislature closely monitors the actions of the President

Government provides basic necessities for everyone

People are free to form organizations to influence gvt.

Public services work well and do not break down

None of these

Don't know

36 32 35 30 33

20 26 20 29 25

33 25 28 25 27

10 14 14 12 13

1 1 1 1 1

0 2 1 2 1

58. And here is another list. Which one of these things would you choose as the most essential characteristic of democracy?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

People are free to take part in demonstrations and protests

Politics is clean and free from corruption

The court protects ordinary people if gvt. mistreats them

People receive aid from gvt. when they are in need

None of these

Don't know

19 15 17 14 15

46 37 41 37 39

15 19 18 19 18

17 24 20 26 23

2 2 2 1 2

3 3 3 3 3

59A. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The President?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

13 3 5 4 5

14 8 10 8 9

29 24 23 26 24

43 65 61 62 61

1 0 0 1 0

59B. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Parliament?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

17 7 11 7 9

23 13 16 13 15

28 27 25 29 27

29 50 45 48 47

2 3 2 3 3

31

59C. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The National

Electoral Commission?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

27 10 17 10 13

22 15 17 14 16

23 29 25 30 28

24 41 37 38 38

4 6 3 8 5

59D. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Tax Department?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

28 21 25 20 22

25 20 24 17 21

27 22 23 22 23

12 21 19 20 20

9 16 9 20 14

59E. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your Local

Government Council?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

11 6 8 5 7

21 11 14 11 13

34 30 30 32 31

31 51 46 49 48

4 2 2 2 2

59F. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Ruling Party?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

30 11 17 11 14

16 16 16 17 16

23 26 26 26 26

25 41 37 39 38

6 5 4 7 5

59G. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Opposition Political

Parties?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

34 44 37 47 42

23 21 22 21 21

21 18 21 15 18

17 12 16 10 13

6 5 4 6 5

32

59H. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Police?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

20 11 15 10 13

27 15 20 15 17

34 30 29 33 31

20 43 36 41 39

0 1 1 0 1

59I. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The Army?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

3 4 4 4 4

13 8 9 8 9

39 32 32 35 33

44 55 54 53 53

1 1 1 1 1

59J. How much do you trust each of the following, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Courts of law?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

14 11 16 8 12

29 19 23 18 21

39 33 29 38 34

18 36 31 35 33

0 1 1 1 1

60A. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them

to say: The President and Officials in his Office?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

None

Some of them

Most of them

All of them

Don't Know/Haven't heard enough

22 35 31 33 32

44 33 37 34 35

16 11 14 10 12

2 2 3 1 2

17 18 14 22 18

60B. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them

to say: Members of Parliament?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

None

Some of them

Most of them

All of them

Don't Know/Haven't heard enough

22 33 31 31 31

46 35 39 34 36

12 12 12 11 12

2 2 2 2 2

19 19 16 22 19

33

60C. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them

to say: Government Officials?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

None

Some of them

Most of them

All of them

Don't Know/Haven't heard enough

14 26 22 25 23

39 39 42 37 39

29 16 21 16 18

3 3 3 3 3

16 16 13 20 16

60D. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them

to say: Local government councilors?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

None

Some of them

Most of them

All of them

Don't Know/Haven't heard enough

20 34 32 31 32

47 37 37 40 38

20 17 19 15 17

3 4 5 3 4

9 9 7 11 9

60E. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them

to say: Police?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

None

Some of them

Most of them

All of them

Don't Know/Haven't heard enough

5 13 11 13 12

27 29 28 29 29

33 38 38 36 37

27 14 19 13 16

8 6 4 9 6

60F. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them

to say: Tax Officials, like Ministry of Finance officials or Local Government tax collectors?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

None

Some of them

Most of them

All of them

Don't Know/Haven't heard enough

5 14 12 13 12

31 31 32 30 31

35 35 36 34 35

17 9 13 9 11

11 11 8 14 11

60G. How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption, or haven’t you heard enough about them

to say: Judges and Magistrates?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

None

Some of them

Most of them

All of them

Don't Know/Haven't heard enough

5 13 10 14 12

41 32 32 36 34

33 36 36 34 35

13 12 17 8 13

8 6 5 8 6

34

61A. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in

order to: Get a document or a permit?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with this in past year

Don't Know

42 42 41 44 42

13 8 11 7 9

5 4 5 3 4

3 1 3 1 2

37 44 40 46 43

0 0 0 0 0

61B. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in

order to: Get water or sanitation services?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with this in past year

Don't Know

39 43 43 42 43

3 2 3 2 2

3 2 2 1 2

2 1 1 0 1

53 52 50 55 52

0 0 1 0 0

61C. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in

order to: Get treatment at a local health clinic or hospital?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never 73 73 71 75 73

Once or Twice 4 4 4 4 4

A Few Times 4 2 3 1 2

Often 1 1 1 1 1

No experience with this in past year 17 20 20 19 19

Don't Know 0 0 0 0 0

61D. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in

order to: Avoid a problem with the police, like passing a checkpoint or avoiding a fine or arrest?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with this in past year

44 55 51 54 53

8 6 9 3 6

6 4 7 3 5

8 2 6 0 3

35 33 26 40 33

35

61E. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favor to government officials in

order to: Get a place in a primary school for a child?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with this in past year

Don't Know

53 61 60 60 60

7 4 6 4 5

3 2 3 1 2

1 1 2 0 1

36 31 30 35 32

0 0 0 0 0

61f. And during the last national election in 2002, how often, if ever did a candidate or someone from a political party

offer you something, like food or a gift or money, in return for your vote?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

Don't Know

85 84 79 89 84

4 5 6 4 5

6 6 9 3 6

5 4 6 3 5

0 1 0 1 1

62A. How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say:

Members of Parliament?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Only sometimes

Often

Always

Don't know

80 75 74 78 76

15 15 18 13 15

4 7 7 5 6

1 1 0 1 1

0 2 2 3 2

62B. How much of the time do you think the following try their best to listen to what people like you have to say: Local

government councilors?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Only sometimes

Often

Always

Don't know

61 47 46 53 50

21 27 27 25 26

14 21 24 17 20

3 4 3 4 4

0 1 0 1 1

36

63pt1. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing the country that government should address – 1st

response?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Nothing/No problems 0 1 0 1 1

Management of economy 5 3 4 2 3

Wages, incomes and salaries 1 0 1 1 1

Unemployment 6 3 4 3 3

Poverty/ destitution 26 23 23 24 24

Rates and taxes 2 2 2 2 2

Loans/ credit 1 0 0 0 0

Farming/ agriculture 2 5 4 5 5

Food shortage/ famine 5 9 7 10 9

Drought 0 1 1 0 0

Land 1 3 2 3 3

Transportation 1 0 0 1 0

Infrastructure/ roads 0 1 1 0 0

Education 2 1 1 1 1

Housing 2 2 2 2 2

Electricity 2 1 1 1 1

Water supply 6 5 3 6 5

Orphans/ street children/ homeless 1 0 0 0 0

Health 1 3 1 4 3

AIDS 0 0 0 0 0

Sickness/ disease 0 1 1 0 0

Crime and security 15 13 15 13 14

Corruption 12 11 12 10 11

Political violence 1 1 2 0 1

Political instability/ ethnic tensions 2 2 3 1 2

Discrimination/ inequality 1 2 2 2 2

Gender issues/ women's rights 0 1 0 2 1

Democracy/ political rights 4 2 3 1 2

Civil war 1 1 1 1 1

Agricultural marketing 1 1 1 1 1

Demographic growth 0 0 0 1 0

Other 2 1 1 1 1

Don't know 0 0 0 0 0

37

63pt2. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing the country that government should address – 2nd

response?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Nothing/No problems 6 2 4 3 3

Management of economy 3 1 1 1 1

Wages, incomes and salaries 6 2 4 2 3

Unemployment 7 11 11 10 10

Poverty/ destitution 1 3 2 2 2

Rates and taxes 1 1 1 0 1

Loans/ credit 2 6 5 5 5

Farming/ agriculture 4 10 7 11 9

Food shortage/ famine 0 1 1 1 1

Drought 1 3 3 2 3

Land 1 1 1 0 1

Transportation 0 0 0 0 0

Infrastructure/ roads 1 2 2 2 2

Education 3 2 2 2 2

Housing 3 5 4 5 4

Electricity 7 2 3 3 3

Water supply 4 6 5 6 6

Orphans/ street children/ homeless 2 1 1 1 1

Health 6 7 6 7 7

AIDS 0 0 0 0 0

Sickness/ disease 0 2 1 2 1

Crime and security 10 9 11 7 9

Corruption 9 6 6 6 6

Political violence 4 2 3 2 2

Political instability/ ethnic tensions 4 3 4 3 3

Discrimination/ inequality 3 4 4 4 4

Gender issues/ women's rights 1 1 0 2 1

Democracy/ political rights 4 2 4 2 3

Civil war 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural marketing 1 1 0 1 1

Demographic growth 3 1 1 1 1

Other 0 0 0 0 0

Don't know 1 0 0 1 1

38

63pt3. In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing the country that government should address – 3rd

response?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Nothing/No problems 4 2 2 3 2

Management of economy 1 1 1 1 1

Wages, incomes and salaries 4 2 3 2 2

Unemployment 7 10 10 9 9

Poverty/ destitution 1 1 2 1 1

Rates and taxes 2 1 1 1 1

Loans/ credit 4 5 5 4 5

Farming/ agriculture 6 6 5 7 6

Food shortage/ famine 0 0 0 0 0

Drought 3 3 3 3 3

Land 0 1 1 0 1

Transportation 1 3 3 2 3

Infrastructure/ roads 3 3 3 3 3

Education 3 4 4 3 4

Housing 3 2 2 3 2

Electricity 7 7 8 7 7

Water supply 1 0 1 0 0

Orphans/ street children/ homeless 0 0 0 0 0

Health 9 7 6 8 7

AIDS 0 0 0 0 0

Sickness/ disease 1 1 1 1 1

Crime and security 12 7 7 8 8

Corruption 8 6 7 6 6

Political violence 0 1 1 1 1

Political instability/ ethnic tensions 1 2 3 1 2

Discrimination/ inequality 5 2 3 3 3

Gender issues/ women's rights 1 1 1 2 1

Democracy/ political rights 4 3 4 2 3

Civil war 0 0 0 0 0

Agricultural marketing 1 0 0 0 0

Demographic growth 0 2 1 2 1

Other 2 1 2 1 1

Don't know 7 14 10 15 13

64. Taking the problem that you mentioned first, how likely do you think it is that government will solve this problem

within the next five years?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Missing

Not at all likely

Not very likely

Somewhat likely

Very likely

Not applicable

Don't know

0 0 0 0 0

16 10 14 9 11

15 12 14 10 12

29 30 27 32 30

37 44 42 44 43

0 1 1 1 1

2 3 3 3 3

39

65A. Now let’s speak about the present government of this country. How well or badly would you say the current

government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard enough to say: Managing the economy?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

35 18 24 19 21

36 33 34 33 33

20 37 34 34 34

4 7 6 7 7

5 5 3 7 5

65B. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Improving the living standards of the poor.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

43 31 34 31 33

36 39 36 41 38

16 26 25 24 25

4 3 4 3 3

1 1 1 1 1

65C. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Creating jobs?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

55 33 40 34 37

28 41 38 39 38

11 18 16 18 17

3 3 3 3 3

3 5 3 6 5

65D. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Keeping prices down?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

66 44 50 47 48

23 38 35 36 35

8 13 12 12 12

2 3 2 3 3

1 2 1 2 2

65E. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Narrowing gaps between rich and poor?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

66 44 49 47 48

20 36 33 33 33

10 14 12 14 13

2 3 3 2 3

2 3 3 3 3

40

65F. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Reducing crime?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

31 15 21 15 18

19 23 21 23 22

38 44 43 43 43

10 17 15 17 16

2 1 0 1 1

65G. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Improving basic health services?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

4 5 6 3 4

11 8 8 9 9

53 53 53 52 53

32 35 33 35 34

0 0 0 0 0

65H. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Addressing educational needs?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

5 2 4 2 3

8 5 5 6 5

43 44 43 45 44

43 49 48 48 48

1 0 0 0 0

65I. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Providing water and sanitation services?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

22 19 20 19 19

29 31 29 33 31

37 35 36 34 35

11 14 14 12 13

2 1 1 2 1

65J. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Ensuring everyone has enough to eat?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

51 37 41 38 39

38 43 42 42 42

8 17 14 18 16

1 3 3 1 2

2 1 1 1 1

41

65K. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Fighting corruption in government?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

45 23 33 21 27

23 34 30 34 32

21 31 27 31 29

8 8 8 8 8

3 4 2 6 4

65L. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Resolving violent conflict between communities?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

12 8 9 8 9

17 17 17 17 17

57 56 56 57 56

12 17 17 16 16

2 1 1 2 2

65M. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Combating HIV/AIDS?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

6 3 5 2 3

9 6 7 7 7

48 51 50 50 50

37 38 37 38 37

1 3 2 3 2

65N. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Maintaining roads and bridges?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

9 10 11 9 10

17 22 22 20 21

49 48 47 50 48

23 19 19 20 20

2 1 1 1 1

65O. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Providing a reliable supply of electricity?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

48 40 43 40 41

27 32 31 31 31

17 16 16 16 16

6 4 5 4 4

2 8 5 9 7

42

65P. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough to say: Empowering women?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

7 8 7 9 8

15 14 13 16 14

58 52 52 54 53

19 23 25 19 22

1 3 4 2 3

66A. What about local government? I do not mean the national government. I mean your municipal or local government

council. How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Maintaining local roads?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

20 10 13 11 12

24 26 27 24 25

40 43 40 44 42

15 20 19 20 19

1 1 1 1 1

66B. What about local government? I do not mean the national government. I mean your municipal or local government

council. How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Maintaining local market places?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

15 8 11 8 9

25 23 23 24 23

45 50 47 52 49

11 17 16 15 16

4 2 3 2 2

66C. What about local government? I do not mean the national government. I mean your municipal or local government

council. How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Maintaining health standards, for example, in restaurants and food stalls?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

13 7 9 7 8

32 24 28 23 26

41 49 45 50 48

13 17 16 16 16

2 3 2 4 3

43

66D. What about local government? I do not mean the national government. I mean your municipal or local government

council. How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Keeping our community clean, for example, by having refuse removed?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

16 7 10 7 8

27 25 24 26 25

40 48 46 48 47

14 15 17 13 15

2 5 4 5 4

66E. What about local government? I do not mean the national government. I mean your municipal or local government

council. How well or badly would you say your local government is handling the following matters, or haven’t you heard

enough about them to say: Managing the use of land?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very Badly

Fairly Badly

Fairly Well

Very Well

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

20 13 17 11 14

33 27 28 29 28

30 42 38 43 40

9 14 14 12 13

7 4 3 5 4

67A. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you

never try and get these services from government: An identity document, such as a birth certificate, driver’s license,

passport or voter’s card?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very difficult

Difficult

Easy

Very easy

Never try

Don't know

15 7 8 9 8

27 24 25 24 24

41 42 41 43 42

16 24 25 20 23

1 2 1 3 2

0 1 0 1 1

67B. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you

never try and get these services from government: Household services like piped water, electricity or telephone?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very difficult

Difficult

Easy

Very easy

Never try

Don't know

41 31 33 33 33

30 30 29 31 30

9 7 7 7 7

2 2 3 1 2

17 29 26 27 27

1 1 1 1 1

44

67C. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you

never try and get these services from government: Help from the police?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very difficult

Difficult

Easy

Very easy

Never try

Don't know

10 6 9 4 7

20 18 20 16 18

43 47 44 48 46

16 18 17 18 18

10 12 10 13 11

1 0 0 1 0

67D. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you

never try and get these services from government: A place in a public primary school for a child?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very difficult

Difficult

Easy

Very easy

Never try

Don't know

3 2 3 1 2

13 8 9 10 9

40 45 43 44 44

28 33 34 31 32

16 11 10 13 12

0 1 1 1 1

67E. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to obtain the following services from government? Or do you

never try and get these services from government: Medical treatment at a public clinic or hospital?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very difficult

Difficult

Easy

Very easy

Never try

Don't know

12 5 8 5 7

28 19 21 21 21

37 50 45 50 47

20 25 25 23 24

2 1 2 0 1

0 0 0 0 0

68A. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months: Services are

too expensive / unable to pay?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Missing

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with public schools in past year

Don't Know

0 1 1 0 1

32 45 45 41 43

5 8 7 9 8

10 10 11 10 10

7 6 6 5 6

46 29 29 35 32

0 0 1 0 0

45

68B. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months: Lack of

textbooks or other supplies?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with public schools in past year

Don't Know

26 37 36 33 35

6 10 10 9 10

12 12 12 13 12

4 6 7 4 5

50 33 33 39 36

2 2 2 2 2

68C. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months: Poor

teaching?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with public schools in past year

Don't Know

32 45 44 42 43

5 4 5 4 4

5 8 9 6 7

5 5 6 4 5

50 33 33 39 36

3 4 3 5 4

68D. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months: Absent

teachers?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with public schools in past year

Don't Know

36 44 44 42 43

5 10 10 9 9

3 6 7 5 6

3 3 4 2 3

50 33 33 39 36

3 3 2 4 3

68E. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months: Overcrowded

classrooms?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with public schools in past year

Don't Know

14 21 20 20 20

3 4 4 4 4

11 12 12 11 11

21 28 29 24 27

50 33 33 39 36

1 2 1 2 2

46

68F. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public schools during the past 12 months: Poor

conditions of facilities?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with public schools in past year

Don't Know

31 44 42 41 41

5 5 6 5 5

9 10 10 9 10

5 7 7 6 6

50 33 33 39 36

0 1 1 1 1

69A. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months:

Services are too expensive / unable to pay?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with public clinics in past year

Don't Know

34 33 31 35 33

11 18 17 16 17

25 24 23 26 25

15 16 17 14 16

15 8 12 7 9

0 0 0 0 0

69B. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months:

Lack of medicines or other supplies?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with public clinics in past year

Don't Know

39 46 43 47 45

13 16 17 14 16

21 19 17 21 19

11 9 10 9 10

15 10 13 8 11

0 0 0 1 0

69C. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months:

Lack of attention or respect from staff?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with public clinics in past year

Don't Know

51 59 56 60 58

8 11 12 10 11

18 13 12 16 14

7 6 7 6 6

15 10 13 8 11

0 1 1 1 1

47

69D. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months:

Absent doctors?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with public clinics in past year

Don't Know

68 67 65 70 67

6 9 9 9 9

5 9 7 9 8

4 3 5 2 3

15 10 13 8 11

2 2 2 2 2

69E. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months:

Long waiting time?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with public clinics in past year

Don't Know

27 30 30 28 29

11 8 8 9 9

19 24 20 26 23

28 28 28 28 28

15 10 13 8 11

0 0 0 1 0

69F. Have you encountered any of these problems with your local public clinic or hospital during the past 12 months:

Dirty facilities?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Once or Twice

A Few Times

Often

No experience with public clinics in past year

Don't Know

61 67 63 70 66

8 6 6 6 6

9 10 11 9 10

7 6 7 5 6

15 10 13 8 11

0 1 0 1 1

70A. Do you or anyone in this household receive any of the following: Free visits or medicines from a public or

government-run health clinic or hospital?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

58 48 53 45 49

42 52 46 55 50

0 0 0 0 0

70B. Do you or anyone in this household receive any of the following: Food for children from a government-run school

feeding program?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

97 86 88 89 88

3 13 11 11 11

0 1 1 1 1

48

71A. Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve

months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: The President?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Strongly Disapprove

Disapprove

Approve

Strongly Approve

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

9 4 6 4 5

15 7 9 7 8

40 40 40 41 40

33 48 43 47 45

3 1 1 1 1

71B. Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve

months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: MP/National Assembly rep?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Strongly Disapprove

Disapprove

Approve

Strongly Approve

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

18 12 18 8 13

23 14 17 15 16

35 42 37 44 40

18 26 24 26 25

6 6 4 7 6

71C. Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve

months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your elected local government councilor?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Strongly Disapprove

Disapprove

Approve

Strongly Approve

Don't know/Haven't heard enough

13 7 12 4 8

22 11 14 12 13

46 49 45 53 49

18 31 28 30 29

2 1 1 2 1

72A. Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, Members of Parliament do their jobs?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

The president/executive

The parliament/local council

Their political party

The voters

No one

Don't know

30 40 38 39 39

11 10 10 11 10

4 3 4 2 3

53 41 45 41 43

0 1 1 0 1

2 4 2 6 4

72B. Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, local government councilors do their jobs?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

The president/executive

The parliament/local council

Their political party

The voters

No one

Don't know

20 17 15 19 17

16 23 24 20 22

4 4 4 4 4

58 52 54 51 53

0 1 1 0 1

2 4 2 5 3

49

72C. Who should be responsible for: Making sure that, once elected, the president does his job?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

The president/executive

The parliament/local council

Their political party

The voters

No one

Don't know

4 6 6 5 5

47 49 50 46 48

2 3 4 2 3

42 37 37 39 38

2 1 1 1 1

2 4 2 6 4

73A. Regardless of whether you are able to pay them, are you required to pay each of the following, or haven’t you been

able to find out about this: Value added tax on the food or goods that you buy from shops or traders?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, I am not required to pay

Yes, I am required to pay

Don't know

78 72 74 72 73

18 22 22 22 22

4 6 5 7 6

73B. Regardless of whether you are able to pay them, are you required to pay each of the following, or haven’t you been

able to find out about this: License fees to local government, for example, for a bicycle, cart, business or market stall?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, I am not required to pay

Yes, I am required to pay

Don't know

48 45 44 47 45

46 47 51 43 47

6 9 6 11 8

73C. Regardless of whether you are able to pay them, are you required to pay each of the following, or haven’t you been

able to find out about this: Property rates or taxes?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, I am not required to pay

Yes, I am required to pay

Don't know

62 70 66 71 69

32 23 29 20 24

7 7 5 9 7

73D. Regardless of whether you are able to pay them, are you required to pay each of the following, or haven’t you been

able to find out about this: If you have paid employment, are you required to pay an income tax, that is, a tax deducted

from your wages by your employer?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, I am not required to pay

Yes, I am required to pay

Not applicable

Don't know

10 4 5 4 5

15 4 7 4 6

75 91 86 90 88

0 2 1 2 1

73E. Regardless of whether you are able to pay them, are you required to pay each of the following, or haven’t you been

able to find out about this: If you are self-employed, are you required to pay a tax on the earnings from your business or

job?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, I am not required to pay

Yes, I am required to pay

Not applicable

Don't know

7 3 4 3 4

9 5 7 4 6

83 90 87 90 89

1 2 2 2 2

50

74. In the last year, how often have powerful people or groups other than government, such as criminals or gangs, made

people in your community or neighborhood pay them money in return for protecting them, their property or their

businesses?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Only once

A Few Times

Often

Don't Know

91 94 93 94 93

1 1 1 1 1

4 2 3 2 2

1 1 1 1 1

2 2 1 3 2

75A. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to do each of the following: To find out what taxes and fees you

are supposed to pay to the government?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very easy

Easy

Difficult

Very difficult

Don't know

2 4 5 4 4

5 7 8 6 7

26 31 28 32 30

64 51 55 51 53

3 6 4 7 6

75B. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to do each of the following: To find out how government uses the

revenues from people’s taxes and fees?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very easy

Easy

Difficult

Very difficult

Don't know

2 4 4 3 4

1 3 3 2 3

19 26 23 27 25

76 61 66 61 64

2 6 4 6 5

75C. Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is it to do each of the following: To avoid paying the income or

property taxes that you owe to government?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Very easy

Easy

Difficult

Very difficult

Don't have to pay taxes

Don't know

1 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 2 3

24 31 30 30 30

63 52 55 53 54

3 4 4 4 4

6 7 5 8 7

76A. I am now going to ask you about a range of different actions that some people take. For each of the following, please

tell me whether you think the action is not wrong at all, wrong but understandable, or wrong and punishable: Not paying

for the services they receive from government?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not wrong at all

Wrong but understandable

Wrong and punishable

Don't know

23 32 29 32 30

25 25 24 25 25

50 43 47 42 44

2 0 0 1 1

51

76B. I am now going to ask you about a range of different actions that some people take. For each of the following, please

tell me whether you think the action is not wrong at all, wrong but understandable, or wrong and punishable: Not paying

the taxes they owe on their income?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not wrong at all

Wrong but understandable

Wrong and punishable

Don't know

16 17 16 18 17

20 19 18 21 19

63 62 64 60 62

1 1 1 1 1

77. What do you think is the main reason that some people avoid paying government the taxes and fees that they owe?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

People don't avoid paying

The tax system is unfair

The taxes are too high

People cannot afford to pay

The poor services they receive from government

Government does not listen to them

Government wastes tax money

Government officials steal tax money

They know they will not be caught

Greed /selfishness

Ignorance, DK how to pay or don’t understand need to pay

Other

Don't know

4 7 7 7 7

10 8 9 7 8

17 17 19 16 17

48 46 46 47 46

1 2 2 2 2

2 0 1 0 1

2 2 2 2 2

2 3 2 3 3

3 5 5 4 4

2 2 2 2 2

1 2 2 1 2

1 1 1 0 1

8 6 3 10 6

78. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2.

Statement 1: The use of violence is never justified in Burundian politics today.

Statement 2: In this country, it is sometimes necessary to use violence in support of a just cause.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

52 38 41 40 40

23 37 32 36 34

10 11 11 11 11

15 13 14 12 13

1 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 1 1

78.A1. Help from African Union

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Do nothing, no help

Help a little bit

Help somewhat

Help a lot

Don't know

24 19 22 18 20

19 16 16 17 16

20 22 22 22 22

32 29 31 27 29

5 15 10 17 13

52

79A.BDI. Changing the way of electing members of the National Assembly vs. it should not be changed?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

44 37 43 33 38

24 35 31 36 34

14 13 12 14 13

15 10 11 11 11

1 1 0 2 1

1 3 1 5 3

79B.BDI. Independence of the judiciary from the executive vs. dependent?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

13 15 15 14 15

15 21 21 19 20

33 31 28 34 31

36 29 33 27 30

1 1 1 2 1

1 3 2 4 3

80A.BDI. Best options of transitional justice for consolidating peace?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

To prosecute all those responsible for the crime

regardless of their rank

To prosecute only the person behind the crime

To prosecute only those who carried out the crime

Don't know

78 69 71 71 71

15 17 18 15 16

5 11 8 11 10

2 3 3 3 3

80B.BDI. Best options of transitional justice for reconciliation?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

To prosecute all those responsible for the crime

regardless of their rank

To prosecute only the person behind the crime

To prosecute only those who carried out the crime

Don't know

74 69 69 71 70

18 17 19 14 17

5 11 9 11 10

2 3 3 3 3

81.BDI. Birth control and population growth vs. no control needed

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

51 39 45 38 41

19 32 30 30 30

10 12 9 14 12

18 15 14 17 15

2 1 2 2 2

0 0 0 0 0

53

82.BDI. Women should have equal access to land property as men vs. they should not have equal access

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

37 23 20 31 25

17 17 12 22 17

15 28 28 23 25

30 31 38 23 30

1 1 2 1 1

0 0 0 0 0

83A.BDI. Involvement of political parties’ youth in law-enforcement is a threat for peace vs. asset for peace

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Agree very strongly with 1

Agree with 1

Agree with 2

Agree very strongly with 2

Agree with neither

Don't know

58 34 42 34 38

19 28 27 26 26

9 18 13 19 16

12 18 16 18 17

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 1

83.B1.BDI. Naming members of National Electoral Commission: The ruling party

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

57 45 51 43 47

42 51 47 52 50

1 4 2 5 3

83B2.BDI. Naming members of National Electoral Commission: All parties in the National Assembly

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

41 29 32 30 31

58 68 66 66 66

2 3 2 5 3

83B3.BDI. Naming members of National Electoral Commission: All parties

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

29 26 25 28 27

70 70 73 66 70

2 4 2 5 4

Q83B4_BDI Naming members of National Electoral Commission: Civil society

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

15 22 18 23 20

83 74 80 71 75

2 5 2 6 4

54

83B5.BDI. Naming members of National Electoral Commission: President

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

47 33 43 29 36

51 63 55 67 61

1 3 2 4 3

84. Let’s go back to talk about you. What is your ethnic community, cultural group or tribe?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Hutu

Tutsi

Twa

Burundian only or "doesn't think of self in those terms"

Others

Refused

Don't know

49 80 77 72 75

36 10 14 16 15

1 1 1 0 1

6 4 4 4 4

1 0 0 0 0

5 3 3 5 4

2 2 1 3 2

85A. How often are _______s [Respondent’s Ethnic Group] treated unfairly by the government?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Sometimes

Often

Always

Not applicable

Don't know

49 60 57 59 58

22 18 20 17 19

12 11 12 10 11

2 1 2 1 1

14 9 8 11 10

2 1 1 1 1

85B. Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a Burundian and being a ________[R’s Ethnic Group]. Which

of the following statements best expresses your feelings?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

I feel only [ethnic group]

I feel more [ethnic group] than Burundian

I feel equally Burundian and [ethnic group]

I feel more Burundian than [ethnic group]

I feel only Burundian

Not applicable

Don't know

0 3 2 3 2

1 2 2 2 2

9 7 8 7 8

10 15 15 13 14

66 64 66 63 65

14 9 8 11 10

0 0 0 0 0

85C. Please tell me whether you agree or disagree with the following statement: It makes you proud to be called a

Burundian.

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

Neither Agree Nor Disagree

Agree

Strongly Agree

Don't know

6 7 6 7 7

0 1 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

11 13 12 13 13

82 78 80 77 79

1 0 0 0 0

55

86A. In your opinion, which of the following people have a right to be a citizen of Burundi? A citizen would have the

right to get a Burundian passport and to vote in Burundian elections if they are at least 18 years old: A person born in

Burundi with one Burundian and one non-Burundian parent?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

14 22 20 21 20

85 76 78 76 77

1 3 2 3 2

86B. In your opinion, which of the following people have a right to be a citizen of Burundi? A citizen would have the

right to get a Burundian passport and to vote in Burundian elections if they are at least 18 years old: A person born in

Burundi with two non-Burundian parents?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

39 51 49 48 49

60 47 50 49 49

1 2 1 2 2

86C. In your opinion, which of the following people have a right to be a citizen of Burundi? A citizen would have the

right to get a Burundian passport and to vote in Burundian elections if they are at least 18 years old: The wife of a

Burundian man, even if she was born outside of Burundi?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

26 32 30 32 31

72 66 69 65 67

2 2 1 3 2

86D. In your opinion, which of the following people have a right to be a citizen of Burundi? A citizen would have the

right to get a Burundian passport and to vote in Burundian elections if they are at least 18 years old: The husband of a

Burundian woman, even if he was born outside of Burundi?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

46 55 55 52 54

52 42 43 45 44

2 2 1 3 2

86E. In your opinion, which of the following people have a right to be a citizen of Burundi? A citizen would have the

right to get a Burundian passport and to vote in Burundian elections if they are at least 18 years old: A person who came

from another country, but who has lived and worked in Burundi for many years, and wishes to make Burundi his or her

home?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

26 35 32 35 33

72 62 66 62 64

2 3 2 3 3

56

86F. In your opinion, which of the following people have a right to be a citizen of Burundi? A citizen would have the right

to get a Burundian passport and to vote in Burundian elections if they are at least 18 years old: A person who wishes to

hold dual citizenship, that is, to be a citizen both of Burundi and some other country?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No

Yes

Don't know

43 54 52 52 52

56 43 46 45 46

2 3 2 3 2

87. Let’s turn to your views on your fellow citizens. Generally speaking, would you say that most people can be trusted or

that you must be very careful in dealing with people?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Must be very careful

Most people can be trusted

Don't know

45 44 44 44 44

54 56 55 55 55

1 1 1 0 1

88A. How much do you trust each of the following types of people: Your relatives?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know

1 1 1 1 1

0 1 1 1 1

5 4 5 3 4

90 89 88 90 89

4 5 5 5 5

88B. How much do you trust each of the following types of people: Your neighbors?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know

5 2 2 3 3

9 6 7 6 7

39 33 31 37 34

47 59 60 54 57

0 0 0 0 0

88C. How much do you trust each of the following types of people: Other people you know?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all

Just a little

Somewhat

A lot

Don't know

8 3 4 4 4

18 22 21 21 21

44 36 38 37 38

30 38 37 37 37

0 0 0 0 0

89A. Do you feel close to any particular political party?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, not close to any party

Yes, feels close to a party

Refused to answer

Don't know

44 25 24 34 29

52 71 72 63 68

3 3 3 3 3

1 0 1 0 1

57

89B. Which party is that?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

ConseilNatinal pour la Défense de la Démocratie-Forces de D

Front National de Liibération (FNL)

Unité pour le Progrès National

Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi Sahwanya-Frodebu

Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie (CNDD) (Lé

Mouvement pour la Solidarité et la Démocratie (MSD)

Union pour la Paix et la Démocratie - UPD-Zigamibanga

Sahwanya-FrodebuNyakuri

Front National de Libération (FNL-Miburo)

Not Applicable

Refused to answer

Don't know

33 59 54 55 54

2 2 3 0 2

8 4 6 3 4

1 2 3 1 2

0 0 0 0 0

3 0 1 0 1

1 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0

48 29 28 37 32

2 3 3 2 3

0 0 0 0 0

90A. Which of these things do you personally own: Radio?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, don't own

Yes, do own

26 39 29 43 36

74 61 71 57 64

90B. Which of these things do you personally own: Television?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, don't own

Yes, do own

Don't know

69 97 91 93 92

31 3 9 7 8

0 0 0 0 0

90C. Which of these things do you personally own: Motor vehicle, car or motorcycle?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, don't own

Yes, do own

Don't know

87 97 94 97 95

13 3 6 3 4

0 0 0 0 0

91A. How often do you use: A computer?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Less than once a month

A few times a month

A few times a week

Every day

Don't know

78 96 92 94 93

4 1 2 0 1

4 0 1 1 1

7 0 2 1 1

6 0 2 1 1

1 3 2 3 3

58

91B. How often do you use: The Internet?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Less than once a month

A few times a month

A few times a week

Every day

Don't know

79 95 91 94 93

3 1 2 0 1

6 0 1 1 1

7 0 2 1 2

3 0 1 0 1

1 3 3 3 3

92. Do you ever use a mobile phone? If so, who owns the mobile phone that you use most often?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No, I never use a mobile phone

Yes, I use a mobile phone that I own

Yes, I use a mobile owned by someone else in my household

Yes, I use a mobile owned by someone else outside my household

27 56 44 58 51

61 27 42 23 33

8 10 5 15 10

4 7 8 4 6

93A. How often do you normally use a mobile phone to: Make or receive a call?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Less than one time per day

One or two times per day

Three or four times per day

Five or more times per day

26 55 43 57 50

11 18 14 19 17

11 11 12 9 11

18 8 13 7 10

33 8 17 8 13

93B. How often do you normally use a mobile phone to: Send or receive a text message or SMS?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Less than one time per day

One or two times per day

Three or four times per day

Five or more times per day

39 74 60 75 68

10 9 10 8 9

14 8 12 7 9

14 5 8 5 6

22 4 9 5 7

93C. How often do you normally use a mobile phone to: Send or receive money or pay a bill?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Never

Less than one time per day

One or two times per day

Three or four times per day

Five or more times per day

Don't know

90 92 89 94 91

5 4 5 4 4

2 3 3 2 3

1 1 1 1 1

2 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0

59

94. How many mobile phones are owned in total by members of your household, including yourself?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Don't know

26 57 47 56 51

17 24 25 21 23

23 13 15 14 15

18 5 8 7 7

9 1 3 1 2

3 0 1 0 1

2 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

95A. Please tell me whether each of the following are available inside your house, inside your compound, or outside your

compound: Your main source of water for household use?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Inside the house

Inside the compound

Outside the compound

12 1 2 3 2

28 4 8 8 8

61 96 90 89 90

95B. Please tell me whether each of the following are available inside your house, inside your compound, or outside your

compound: A toilet or latrine?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

None, no latrine available

Inside the house

Inside the compound

Outside the compound

1 1 1 1

14 1 3 3 3

58 55 54 56 55

27 43 41 40 41

96. Employment status: Do you have a job that pays a cash income? Is it full-time or part-time? Are you presently looking

for a job?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No (not looking)

No (looking)

Yes, part time

Yes, full time

58 81 69 84 77

18 10 15 8 11

4 4 6 2 4

20 6 10 6 8

60

97. What is the highest level of education you have completed?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No formal schooling

Informal schooling only

Some primary schooling

Primary school completed

Some secondary school/high school

Secondary school completed/high school

Post-secondary qualifications, not university

Some university

University completed

Post-graduate

8 17 14 17 16

8 19 12 23 17

27 37 36 34 35

10 14 16 11 13

20 8 13 7 10

14 3 5 5 5

3 0 1 1 1

5 0 1 1 1

5 0 2 0 1

0 0 0 0 0

98A. What is your religion, if any?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

None

Christian only

Roman Catholic

Orthodox

Coptic

Anglican

Lutheran

Methodist

Presbyterian

Baptist

Evangelical

Pentecostal

Independent

Jehovah's Witness

Seventh Day Adventist

Muslim only

Sunni only

Atheist (Do not believe in a God)

Church of Christ

Refused

Don't know

1 1 2 0 1

4 6 6 5 5

48 60 59 58 58

0 0 0 0 0

2 0 1 0 1

2 4 3 4 3

0 1 0 1 1

2 4 4 4 4

0 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 1 1

6 1 2 1 2

16 16 14 18 16

1 0 0 0 0

2 1 1 1 1

1 2 2 2 2

13 1 4 3 3

1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0

98B. How important is religion in your life?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Not at all important

Not very important

Somewhat important

Very important

Refused to answer

Don't know

4 2 3 2 2

3 3 4 3 3

15 10 12 10 11

76 84 80 85 82

1 0 0 1 1

1 0 1 0 0

61

99. If a presidential election were held tomorrow, which party’s candidate would you vote for?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie-Forces de

Front National de Libération (FNL)

Unité pour le Progrès National

Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi Sahwanya-Frodebu

Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie (CNDD) (Lé

Mouvement pour la Solidarité et la Démocratie (MSD)

Union pour la Paix et la Démocratie - UPD-Zigamibanga

Sahwanya-FrodebuNyakuri

Mouvement de Rassemblement pour la Réhabilitation du Citoyen

It depends on the program of the party

Others

Would not vote

Refused to answer

Don't know

35 58 53 55 54

2 2 3 2 2

7 4 6 3 5

1 3 3 1 2

0 0 0 0 0

3 1 2 1 1

0 0 0 0 0

1 0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0 0

6 1 2 2 2

2 0 0 1 1

12 5 5 8 6

12 12 12 12 12

19 13 13 15 14

100. Just one more question: Who do you think sent us to do this interview?

Urban Rural Male Female Total

No one

Government (general)

National/ federal government

Provincial/ regional government

Local government

President/PM's office

Parliament/ National assembly

Government census/ statistics office

National Intelligence/ Secret Service

Education or Social Affairs Dept./Ministry

Other government dept./ministry

Constitutional Commission

Electoral Commission

Public Utility Company

NGO

Political party/ politicians

Research company/org. (AB natl. partner)

Newspapers/ Media

University/ School/ College

Private company

International Organization

God or a religious organization

Other

Refused

Don't know

0 0 0 0 0

19 21 22 20 21

3 5 5 4 4

0 1 1 0 1

0 1 0 0 0

9 14 9 17 13

0 1 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0

1 1 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 1 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0

10 9 10 7 9

2 2 2 2 2

34 21 28 19 23

2 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0

5 5 6 4 5

3 1 1 1 1

1 3 2 3 2

1 1 1 2 1

0 1 1 1 1

8 13 9 15 12