1IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

WiMAXWorldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

Standards, Technology, Applications and Trends

WiMAXWorldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

Standards, Technology, Applications and Trends

Hermann LipfertInstitut für Rundfunktechnik

Broadcast Networks and Servers

2IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

WiMAX HistoryWiMAX History

802.16Prestandard

10-66 GHz PHY

802.16a

802.16 REVd

2-11 GHz PHY

802.16e-2005Mobile

12/2005

Worldwide Start 2003

802.16-2004Fixed

Portable

WiMAX

Fixe

d

Mobile

2004

Start in Austria 2005, in

Germany 2006

Worldwide Start 2007

Source: Scaltel

3IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

WiMAX ForumWiMAX ForumFounded in 2001 by manufacturersHeavy growing - May 2007 membership 440+ companies(Alcatel, Alvarion, British Telecom, Deutsche Telekom, France Telecom, Fujitsu, IBM, Intel, Nortel, Motorola, Siemens, Samsung ….)Commitment to interoperabilityMarketing and Promotion Development of systemprofiles for different conditions(frequency range and bandwidth, power…)Clarification of regulatory conditions (dialog with regulatory authorities)Costly test- and certification programm since July 2005 at AT4 wireless(formerly Cetecom Labs Malaga) Issue of the label „WiMAX Forum Certified“Interoperability and conformity tests

4IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

What is WiMAX ?What is WiMAX ?

Worldwide standard for Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)Standardised in Europe by ETSI (BRAN) as HiperMANKorea (Samsung, LG) conforms to the standard IEEE 802.16e WiBro (TTA PG302 BWA)Base Station (BS) – Subscriber Station (SS)Two possible network topologies defined:

PMP (Point-to-Multipoint) - traffic takes place only between BS and its SSsMesh mode- traffic also routed between SSs (so-called „nodes“)

Current WiMAX deployments mainly PMP topologyUplink ressources for SSs on demandWireless ressources dynamically distributedDefinition of connections and service flows

5IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

WCDMA

3G

3G

802.16802.16--20042004

802.16802.16--20042004

WiFiWiFi

WiFiWiFi

Rural BWA(Wireless DSL)

BackhaulingWiFi

Urban replacement

ofDSL/E1

Cellular overlap with

3G

802.16802.16--20042004

WiFiWiFi

WiFiWiFi

WiFiWiFi

WiFiWiFi

WiFiWiFi

WiMAX: Different application modelsWiMAX: Different application models

802.16e-2005

802.16e-2005

WiFiWiFi

6IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

WiMAX – existing and potential frequency spectrum worldwideWiMAX – existing and potential frequency spectrum worldwide

US WCS2305-23202345-2360

Low/MidUNII-band(802.11a)5150-5350

UpperUNII-band~5725-5850

ISM (11b/g)2400-2480

MMDS~2500-26902700-2900

3300-3400

3.5GHz band3400-3600

WRC5470-5725

Most Europeancountries 2007

USA,Mexico,Brasil, SouthEast Asia

Unlicensed USA

3600-3800

WiMAX profiles available

Future WiMAX profiles

USA < 1 GHz: 700 MHz, 450 MHz WiFi

7IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

IEEE 802.16 Family HF-ParametersIEEE 802.16 Family HF-ParametersIEEE 802.16a IEEE 802.16-2004

Fixed WiMAXIEEE 802.16e-2005Mobile WiMAX

Completion January 2003 July 2004 December 2005

Products Yes, but no relevancefor private customers

Since 2005 Since 2006

Frequency range < 11 GHz 2 bis 11 GHz 0,7 bis 6 GHz

max. Datarate Up to 75 Mbit/s in 28-MHz-channels

Up to 75 Mbit/s in 20-MHz-channels

Up to 15 Mbit/s in 5-MHz-channels

Bandwidth 1,25 MHz - 28 MHz Scalable in steps of 250 KHz from 1,25 to 20 (28) MHz (depending on license)

1,25 - 2,5 - 5 - 7 - 10 – 20 -- (28) MHzWiBRO Korea 8,75MHz

Modulation OFDM-256 with QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

SC, 256 FFT OFDM with BPSK, QPSK,16QAM,64QAMOFDMA-2048

S-OFDMA128, 512, 1024, 2048 FFT

Operation Fixed with LOS LOS or NLOSOperation with limitedmobility

NLOS and mobility

max. Distance 50 km Up to 50 km, typically 15 km with external antenna, up to5 km with internal antenna

Up to 5 km,typically 1,5 km

8IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

WiMAX PHY- MAC- Protocol - LayersWiMAX PHY- MAC- Protocol - Layers

MAC Convergence Sublayer (CS) supports ATM- and packet- basednetwork services

Source: Acterna

9IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

ATM/Packet Convergence SublayerATM/Packet Convergence SublayerATM CS:Accepts ATM cells – performs classification– ATM Header Suppression (PHS)

VP (Virtual Path) switched connectionsVC (Virtual Channel) switched connections

Support of end-to-end signaling for dynamic connections with QoSSVCs , soft PVCs

Packet CS:Used for transport of all packet-based protocols - performs classification– Payload Header Suppression (PHS)

Internet Protocol (IP), IPv4, IPv6Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet), MPLS

Although detailed in the standard, for the moment no implementation of theATM CS is planned !

10IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

Convergence Sublayer (CS)Convergence Sublayer (CS)

Implements the basic QoS-functions of WiMAXClassifies and maps the Mac Service Data Units (MSDUs) onto appropriate CIDs (Connection Identifiers)Classification and mapping based on two fundamental 802.16 Mac layer concepts:

Connection – mapping between BS and SS Mac peers (CID)Service Flow – defines QoS parameters for packets (PDUs) exchanged on the connection (SFID)

Classification allows perfect link adaptation Allocation of needed resources

11IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

Mobile WiMAX Applications and Quality of Service

Mobile WiMAX Applications and Quality of Service

WiMAX Forum

12IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiple Access OFDMA

Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiple Access OFDMA

OFDM: exactly one SS during one time-slotOFDMA: several subscribers at allocated Sub-Channels during thesame time-slot Multiple AccessCoding, Modulation and Amplitude optimized separately for every sub-channel – Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)S-OFDMA (Scalable OFDMA): possibility to scale amount of carriers(128, 512, 1024, 2048) and Sub-Channels (2, 8, 16, 32)higher spectral efficiency

13IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

WiMAX OFDMA Frame StructureWiMAX OFDMA Frame Structure

WiMAX Forum

FCH: Frame Control Header DL/UL-MAP: Downlink/Uplink Media Access ProtocolCQICH: Channel Quality Indicator channel ACK-CH: Acknowledge ChannelRanging: Adjustment for Mobile Stations (MS)

14IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

Mobile WiMAXAdvanced Features

Mobile WiMAXAdvanced Features

Wave 1Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS) using Beamforming or Transmit Diversity

Wave 2Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) using multiple transmit/receive antennasystems

MIMO enhances clearly spectral efficiency (bit/s/Hz) multiple datastreams at same frequency via different spatial paths(Spatial Multiplexing)MIMO drastically reduces the necessary transmission-sites comparedto SISO systemsVice versa MIMO can reduce necessary transmitting power to gainadequate coverageMIMO is business case

Flexible datarates using Sub-ChannelizationAdvanced Coding and Modulation (ACM)

15IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

Mobile WiMAXAdvanced Features (2)

Mobile WiMAXAdvanced Features (2)

Scalability of spectral ressources (1,25 MHz – 20 MHz)High security standards integrated (EAP, AES-CCM, SIM)802.16 MAC-architecture defines Service-Flows with QoS which can bemapped to DiffServ or MPLSOptimised Hard Handoff (HHO) mandatory, Layer 2 handoff delays < 50msPower Management: Sleep Mode, Idle ModeScanning for other BSs during Sleep Mode to prepare HOMulticast and Broadcast Service (MBS)

Single Frequency Network (SFN)Data-Casting, Audio- and Video-Streams

16IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

WiMAX Profile 5 MHz and 10 MHz OFDMA Parameter

WiMAX Profile 5 MHz and 10 MHz OFDMA Parameter

WiMAX Forum

17IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

Mobile WiMAX PHY Data RatesMobile WiMAX PHY Data Rates

WiMAX Forum

18IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

Mesh-based WirelessMANMesh-based WirelessMANWirelessHUMAN (High Speed Unlicensed MAN)Meshed operation mode defined for license-freefrequency bands at 5 GHz and 6 GHz

Quelle: Acterna

19IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

BWA Licenses for the 3.5GHz rangein Germany

BWA Licenses for the 3.5GHz rangein Germany

Revenue of the auction nearly 56 million €Companies and investors global situatedClearwire Europe S.a.r.l (Headquarters Europe: Luxembourg

parent company headquarters: Kirkland, Washington/USA)Inquam Broadband GmbH (Headquarters: Cologne/Germany)

joint venture between NextWave Wireless and financial investorsDeutsche Breitbanddienste GmbH (Headquarters: Heidelberg/Germany)

Investors: Intel Capital and PolyTechnosTeleversa Online GmbH (Headquarters: Töging/Bavaria/Germany)

Partners: Colt Telecom, MCI Worlcom, BT, Telcat MulticomMGM Productions Group S.R.L ((Headquarters: Italy

parent company US Canadian MGM Productions Group Inc.)

20IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

On the market WiMAX equipment forthe 3.5 GHz range

On the market WiMAX equipment forthe 3.5 GHz range

Airspan: MacroMAX, MicroMAX, EasyST, ProSTRedline Com.: RedMAX BS, SSAxess-pro: BS, SSAlvarion: BreezeMAX, BreezeACCESS, BreezeNET BS, SSNortel: BTS 1080, EasyST, ProSTAperto: PacketMAX Family BS, SSTelsima: StarMAX Family BS, SSTelsa: Freemax CPE SystemNavini: Ripwave Family BS, SSMotorola: MOTOwi4 FamilySamsung: U-RAS SeriesSiemens: WayMAX Family BS, SSAlcatel+Intel A9100 Wimax Mobile in 2007Proxim: Tsunami Family BS SS

21IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

Live News Broadcast over WiMAXBBC -Telabria

Live News Broadcast over WiMAXBBC -Telabria

Place: From Bristol Millenium Square to BBC Television Studio at center of town„WiMAX broadcasting vehicle“ = LandRover equipped with a 10 m telescopic mast20 MBit/s bidirectional connectionLive encoding at Landrover site by Tandberg MPEG-4 EquipmentTransmitting-rate of the live streams about 8 MBit/sRemaining bandwidth usable for positioning of additional camaras in futureapplications

22IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

Examples of availableWiMAX Chip-solutionsExamples of availableWiMAX Chip-solutions

Fujitsu Microelectronics Europe Mobile WiMAX System-on-Chip (SoC)Intel announced WiMAX Connection 2300 at the end of 2007 Beceem offers Chipset "MS120 Mobile Wimax" Altera Corp. and Sequans Communications (Alcatel)Runcom RNA 200 "the world's first MIMO-powered WiMAX chipset." Wavesat UMobile™ WiMAX Series

23IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

WiMAX newsWiMAX newsSamsung presented

Mobile WiMAX Equipment with MIMO-TechnologyMobile WiMAX-Handy (SPH-P9000)Mobile WiMAX PDA (SPH-M8100)

Palm announcedWimax-Smartphone in autumn 2007

Airspan announcedMobile WiMAX USB device (16eUSB) - supports MIMO, Beamforming, Idle-and Sleep-Modi, handover

Nokia announcedMobile WiMAX mobile phone in 1Q 2008

Sprint Nextel goes Mobile WiMAX as next generation mobile (4G)3 Billion US-$ order to several companies:Intel, Samsung, Motorola, Nokia, LG Electronics100 million users using Mobile WiMAX Broadband Services at the end of 2008

24IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

Struggled Frequency-range 2.5GHzStruggled Frequency-range 2.5GHz

IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications)Family of 3.Generation (3G) mobile wireless systemsFrom ITU accepted 3G-Technologies

W-CDMA and TD-CDMA (UMTS), TD-SCDMA (China), CDMA2000 (EVDO), EDGE

WiMAX tries to get adoption as a 3G technologyGSM Association (GSMA) demands on EU-Commission

Reservation of frequency-range 2.5 up to 2.69 GHz for UMTS-TechnologiesEU-Commission considers to cancel the conjuction of special technologiesto individual Frequency-ranges

25IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

ConclusionConclusion

WiMAX brings together Broadband and MobilityMobile Broadband enables the Mobile Internet AnywhereNew Internet Business ModelsAll-IP conectivityPuzzeled-out QoS strategyNew entrants will appear to market with diverse business modelsRich possipilities of applications

Video content streamingMobile IP telephony (VoIP)Multimedia messagingP2P video/audio sharingMulticasting- and broadcasting in the downlinkContribution in the uplink

WiMAX could be a complementary technology for Broadcasters

26IRT V-SN H.Lipfert EBU-Seminar Networks 2007 - To IP and Beyond June 18./19. 2007

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

Hermann LipfertBroadcast Networks and ServersInstitut für Rundfunktechnik GmbHFloriansmühlstrasse 6080939 München

Tel. +49 89 / 32399 367email: lipfert@irt.deIRT Blue Report „MIMO-OFDM“ at:http://www.irt.de/IRT/publikationen/BlaueBerichte/Blauer%20Bericht%20197%20Lipfert.pdf