SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - World Bank

SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (SIA) of the

KABELI CORRIDOR 132 kV TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT

(KCTLP) Submitted to

Kabeli Corridor 132kV Transmission Line Project Transmission Line I substation Construction Department Transmission and System Operation

Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA)

Prepared by

Nepal Environmental amp Scientific Services Pvt Ltd (NESS)

GPO Box 7301 Kathmandu Nepal

(Jitjung Marga-26 Thapathali) Phone 42449894241001 Fax 4226028

nessmoscomnp wwwnesscomnp

December 2011

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RP1054 v 1

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INDIVIDUAL I INSTITUTION PREPARING THE REPORT 1

11 PROPONENT 1 12 INSTITUTION RESPONSIBLE FOR PREPARING THE DOCUMENT 1

CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT 2

20 BACKGROUND 2 21 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2

211 Project Location and Accessibility 2 212 Project Salient Features 5

23 POPULATION OF PROJECT AFFECTED VDCs 7

CHAPTER 3 STUDY APPROACH TASKS AND METHODOLOGy 12

30 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS AND OBJECTIVES OF THIS REPORT 12 31 THE ASSIGNMENT 12 32 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 12 33 COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS 13 34 SIA FIELDWORK 13

CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY FINDINGS 16

41 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT VDCs 16 411 Physical Characteristics 16

42 POPULATION 18 43 COMMUNITY GROUPS SAMPLE SURVEYS 19

431 Indigenous Groups (AdivasiIJanjati) Findings 19 44 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 21

441 Attitudes and Perceptions towards the KCn Project 21 442 Socio-Economic and Environmental Conditions Impacts and Mitigation Measures in Project

VDCs 22

ANNEXES

Annex 1 Survey License Annex 2 Field Study Schedule along with Team Composition Annex 3 Focus Group Discussion Checklist I Format for Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment

Demographic Features of Nearby Settlements and List of Focus Group Participants Annex 4 Detailed Socio-Cultural Data on Characteristics of Indigenous Peoples in the KCTL Project Area

LIST OF TABLES

Table 21 Salient Features ofthe KCTLP Table 22 Population Distribution in the Project VDCs Table 23 Population of Different Age Group and Sex Project Affected VDCs Table 31 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with Indigenous and Vulnerable Groups Table 41 Angle Towers (AT) and Power SUbstations (PSIS) in Project Affected VDCs Table 42 Number of Angle Towers by Land Type by District Table 43 Demographic Characteristics of the Project Districts Table 44 Matrix of Socio-Economic Conditions of Households and Communities in Project Affected VDCs

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 21 Project Location Map KCTLP Figure 22 Districts and VDCs across the KCTLP

Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabei Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project

I

Terms and Definitions

A Abbreviations

Angle tower I CFUG

AT Community Forest User Group

DDC District Development Committee District Forest OfficeOfficer bull DFO

DOED Department of Electricity Development Environmental Impact Assessment bull EIA Focus Group Discussion

Government of Nepal FGD

bull GON Households

IDA Hhs

International Development Association Initial Environmental Examination Ibull lEE Integrated Nepal Power System

KCTLP INPS

Kabeli Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project middot KV Kilovolt

MW Megawatt NEA Nepal Electricity Authority NFDIN National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities

Nepal Power Development Project bull NPDP OP Operational Policies PCRs Physical Cultural Resources

Power Substation Resettlement Action Plan

bull PSIS

~ Right-of-Way SIA Social Impact Assessment SMEF Social Management and Entitlement Framework SMF Social Management Framework TL Transmission Line TLIROW Transmission Line Right-of-Way VDC Village Development Committee

WB World Bank

B Definitions

Vulnerable Groups in Nepal are defined as groups that have been marginalized economically socially and politically since ages past by more privileged castes (the erstwhile upper or higher castes) and by AdivasiJanajati groups (see below) The Vulnerable Groups in the project area include women and Dalits (traditional artisan castes) Poverty is a key feature of vulnerability though poverty does not discriminate by caste ethnicity or gender

Indigenous Peoples or Indigenous Nationalities (also known as AdivasiJanajati) are defined in Nepal as those ethnic groups or communities that have their own mother tongue and traditional customs distinct cultural identity distinct social structure and written or oral history of their own (National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities Act 2002)

Physical Cultural Resources are defined by the World Bank as archaeological paleontological historical architectural religious resources (including graveyards and burial sites) aesthetic or other cultural significance

Caste (caste group) (in Nepali jaat or jaat) is defined as belonging to the Hindu system eg Brahmin Chhetri Dalit and other

Ethnic group is defined as one of the recognized hill or terai Indigenous Peoples (Indigenous Nationalities or JanjatiAdivasi) eg Limbu Rai Tamang Magar and other See Indigenous Peoples above

Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabeli Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project ii

Chapter 1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INDIVIDUAL I INSTITUTION PREPARING THE REPORT

11 Proponent

The proponent of the Kabeli Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project (KCTLP) is the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) It has obtained survey license (Annex 1) valid up to 2067321 for the development of KCTLP from Department of Electricity Development (DoED)

The NEA is the Government of Nepal undertaking responsible for generation transmission and distribution of electrical energy in Nepal As 2009 NEA has a total of 9280 staffs working under the Corporate Office and Business Group - the technical wing of NEA The section responsible for SIA study within the NEA is Kabeli Corridor 132kV Transmission Line Project Transmission Line 1 substation Construction Department Transmission and System Operation

The official address of the proponent for the purpose of the SIA study is as under

Kabeli Corridor 132kV Transmission Line Project Transmission Line I Substation Construction Department Transmission and System Operation Nepal Electricity Authority Jamal Kathmandu NEPAL POBox 10020 Tel 00977-1-4153037

12 Institution Responsible for Preparing the Document

Nepal Environmental and Scientific Services [NESS] Private Limited is assigned as a consultant by NENESSD to carryout the SIA study as per the World Bank Guidelines The address of the lead consulting firm is as mentioned hereunder

Nepal Environmental amp Scientific Services Pvt Ltd (NESS) Jitjung Marga-26 Thapathali GPO Box 7301 Kathmandu Nepal Phone 42449894241001 Fax 4226028 nessmoscomnp wwwnesscomnp

Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabei Corridor 132 kV Transmission Une Project 1

I Chapter 2 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT I 20 Background

Development of power projects is always correlated with the power evacuation network available in the proposed power development area As NEA is the solely responsible utility for expansion and reinforcement of networks of Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS) NEA had conducted several evacuation studies considering the candidate hydroelectric projects

At present INPS had 132 kV transmission network from Anarmani in the East to Mahendranagar on the Far-West region running through the Terai Physiographic Zone of the country As most of the hydroelectric projects are located in the northern hilly region the limiting factor for the hydropower development is pOinted out to be the lack of North South extending high voltage transmission lines in the existing INPS In the context of the ever increasing electricity demand and annually spiraling load shedding there is a need of the development of critically important North South high voltage transmission line to facilitate the development of candidate hydropower projects vis-a-vis meet the energy demand and abolish ongoing load shedding

As of the date there are 17 hydropower projects in the lIam district (67MW) 4 projects in Panchthar (32MW) and 14 projects in Taplejung (312MW) All of the above projects from lIam Panchthar and Taplejung have been licensed for development It is to be emphasized that additional 33 hydropower projects of above 950 MW have applied for survey license to DoED for the hydropower development in the same region These projects are delayed for a Simple reason that the area lacks an adequate capacity high voltage transmission line to evacuate the power from the area to the consumption centers It is for this reason feasibility study conducted in 2003 recognizing the need of development of the proposed Kabeli Corridor as priority high voltage transmission line project in the Eastern Development Region to provide transmission line facility to the licensed hydropower projects to be developed in the immediate future

21 Project Description

211 Project Location and Accessibility

The Kabeli Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project (KCTLP) is part of the Government of Nepals Kabeli Power Generation Project under development by the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) The project is funded through the Nepal Power Development Project (NPDP) under a loan from the World BankIDA

The KCTLP is located in Nepals Eastern Development Region within Mechi and Koshi Zones and passes through four districts Terathum of Mechi Zone and Panchthar lIam and Jhapa of Koshi Zone (Figure 1) The transmission line (TL) corridor is 8374 km in length crOSSing 25 VDCs in the four districts They are (from north to south) one VDC in Terathum District (Chattedhunga) 10 VDCs of Pachthar District (Amarpur Shubhang Bharapa Phidim Chokmagu Siwa Nawamidanda Imbung Pauwasartap and Chilingden) 13 VDCs of lIam District (Phakphok Chamaita Ektappa Mangalbare Sangarumba Siddhithumka Soyak Godak Chisapani Danabari Mahamai Bajho and Chulachuli) and one VDC of Ihapa District (Lakhanpur) At Lakhanpur near the city of Damak on the East-West Highway the transmission lines will link into the national electricity supply grid Figure 22 depicts the districts and VDCs crossed by the Transmission Line

Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabeli Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project 2

Figure 21 Project Location Map KCTLP

LEGEND

-~

KabeI-Oamak 132kV Transmlaaion ~Ine Project

IIyeneIII

o NEPAl ELEC1RICIIY AIJ1IOITY ENGINEERING SERVICE -KAIIaJ- DHMf( 32 IN TRAN8IMf88K)N ~ PROJECT NOT TO SCALE shyEiUIf DIr-1IIoPOI) PROJECT DEVEIOPMENT DEPARTMENT IoooIUon Map


Figure 22 Districts and VDCs across the KCTLP

Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabei Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project 4

From the South the KCTLP is first accessed at Sabitrachowk of Lakhanpur VDC of Jhapa District through the all weather Mahendra Highway about 600 km east of Kathmandu the capital city of Nepal The Bhadrapur airport at Jhapa with daily flight services from Kathmandu is located about 40 km southeast of Sabitrachowk The KCTLP alignment is also assessed at various points of Mechi highway extending from Charali (Jhapa) lIam (lIam) Phidim (Panchthar) up to Taplejung (Taplejung) The Mechi Rajmarga is an all weather road up to Phidim From Phidim to Taplejung it is a fair weather road with jeep and bus services regularly operating for most of the time Besides there are a number of fairshyweather roads linking various project VDCs from the Mechi Rajmarga The major settlements near TL route accessed by fair-weather road linking Mechi Rajmarga are Ekchepa of Subhan VDC Chokmagu Maidane and Bhadaure of Chokmagu VDC Patle Bhanjyang of Nawamidanda VDC Kolbun Hanyok and Imbung of Imbung VDC Sartap of Pauwasartap VDC Deurali of Phakpok VDC Phalate Bazaar Simsara Chaulagaigau and Thapagau of Chamaita VDC

212 Project Salient Features

The proposed KCTLP starts from 13233 kV SUb-station at Sabitra Chowk of Lakhanpur VDC in the Terai and extend northeast through Chaju Khola at the foothills of Chure and across Chure mountains into the valley of Mai Khola in the Mahabharat and Midland hills From Soyak it bifurcates into two branches The one extending north east is a short 6 km long arm terminating at Godak 13233 kV substation (Setuwabesi Godak VDC-3) The longer arm proceeds north-northwest from Soyak up to the Amarpur 13233 kV Power Sub-Station (PSIS) at Pinasighat Amarpur VDC-9 Panchthar District in the northern part of midland zone Table 21 summarizes the VDCs and wards of the four districts traversed by the KCTLP

Table 21 Salient Features of the KCTLP

SN Feature Description Remarks

1 Project Districts Jhapa lIam Panchthar and Terhathum i

2 S~stem Data System nominal voltage kV 132 System maximumvoltage kV 145 System nominal freguengy kV 50

3 Line Data 31 Total Line Length 8374Km 311 Phidim Kabeli 87Bkm 312 Phidim-Srllto 4133km

ot-Damak 2688km 314 ot shy lIam 677km 32

1 Circuit Double circuit

33 Conductor 331 332

Conductor size (mm) Conductor type (ACSR)

3261 Bear

I 333 Conductor diameter (mm) 2345 334 Ultimate strength (kg) 11340 335 Modulus of elasticity final (5g1 mm) 8200 336 Coefficient of linear expansion (per 0c) 178 X 100

bull 336 Standard mass of conductor (kgli5m) 1214

337 Electrical DC resistance at 20 degree C (ohmlkm2 bull 01093 I

338 Standard unjointed length on reel (m) 2000 339 Every day stress (N mm) 60

middot 4 Design Data 41 Temperature 411

bull 412 bull 413 bull 414

Maximum ambient temperature degc Minimum ambient temperature c Maximum temperature of conductor degc Everyda~ temeerature of conductor c

45 0 80 32

i

bull 42 Wind Loads

421 Wind pressure on the whole ~Jvvwv conductors kgm2

of I I

422 Wind pressure on the whole projected areapf 121


SN Feature Description Remarks steel angle members kglmlt I

I 423 Wind pressure on 171 times projected area of bull 207 steel angle face of structure kglm2

I j

5 Number of Highway crossing 4 6 Number of 33kV Crossing 1 ~~Of 11kV Crossing 5 ~ umber of Angle Points 55

9 Total Number of towers 287 Self supporting Lattice steel

~_TYpe of Towe structures Approximate area

- deviation angle I-up to ~ required for i 101 Suspension

this type ofbull - No of this type of tower -231 tower 12x12

meter approximate area

I - deviation angle Below required for

102 Angleffension 6d this type of-No of this type of tower -53

tower 14x14 meter approximate

- deviation angle Up to area9d required for (45 as103 I Dead end this type of

terminal) tower 16x16

J I -No of this type of tower -3 meter

i 70 meter at + 65ltlC conductor J

I i Clearance (minimum) I temperature I

111 Normal ground for pedestrians only 7 meter 112 i Residential area I 7 meter

113 Road and streets 8 meter

114 Highways I 8 meter

To metal clad or roofed buildings or building I 5 meterI 115 bull or structures upon which a man may stand I

35 meter 116 Power lines (above or below)

35 meter117 Telecommunication lines

Between phase on same side of tower 375 meter (minimum)

12 Phase spacing Between phase on opposite

side of tower 60 meter (minimum)

13 Nominal Span 330 meter

14 Right of way 9 meter on each side

WithOPGW Shielding -Optical fiber based

communication system 16

15

Substations IHubs

Damak Substation -to connect Hydro Electric Projects (HEPs) in the Kabeli Corridor to the Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS)

1611 Purpose 161 -to improve distribution networks

in Jhapa district (Pachgachi and Damak area) and Urlabari of I

I Morang District -four number of 132kV I

I -two number of 33kV I

-four number of 11kV i

1612 Line Bays


I

I

i 162 I_____I--__~______+_IlIa=mDisctric-t~___---__i--------__

SN Feature Description I Remarks

-30 MVA 132133 kV 1613 Transformer -8 MVA 3311 kV

II

I am Hub

I - to facilitate power evacuation 1621 i Purpose i from HEPs to be developed in

I -two number of 132kVi 1622 bull Line Bays bull -two number of 33kV

-30 MVA 13233 kV1623 I Transformer

Phidim Hub ~ - to facilitate power evacuation

1631 Purpose i from HEPs to be developed in I Panchthar District 163 I -Four number of 132kV i1632 I Line Bays -two number of 33kV i -20 MVA 13233 kV1633 bull Transformer I I

Kabeli Hub

1641 Purpose Panchthar Taplejung District I Two 132 kV

1642 I Line Bays Two 33 kV

1643 Transformer 30 MVA 13233kV I Source Kabell Comdor Transmission Lme Survey Report Engmeermg Services NEA 2010

23 Population of Project Affected VDCs

According to the 2001 census the project VDCs have a total population of 168747 constituting 13 percent of the total population of the project districts Average household size is 534 with male to female ratio of 1102 The figure for household size of the project VDCs is higher than those of the project districts Table 22 presents the population of the affected VDCs with respective household size male and female population plus their ratio

Table 22 Population Distribution in the Project VDCs

2001 Census Data District and VDC Total HH

Population TotalHH size Male Female Ratio

Jhapa District

Lakhanpur 13911 2723 511 6715 4827 7196 5173 1 107

lIam District

Bajho 7324 1308 560 3717 5075 3607 4925 1 097

Chulachuli 18176 3349 543 9018 4961 9158 5039 1 102

Mahamai 10776 1964 549 5351 4966 5425 5034 1 101

Danabari 12693 2400 529 6351 5004 6342 4996 1 100

Chisapani 4923 935 527 2473 5023 2450 4977 1 099

Sopak 3378 619 546 1712 5068 1666 4932 1 097

Godak 4600 924 498 2338 5083 2262 4917 1 097

Sidhithumka 3454 676 511 1700 4922 1754 5078 1 103

Sangrumba 5497 1048 525 2739 4983 2758 5017 1 101

Mangalbare 6799 1281 531 3424 5036 3375 4964 1 099

Ektappa 4875 918 531 2374 4870 2501 5130 1 105

Chameta 6210 1082 574 3049 4910 3161 5090 1 104

Phakphok 5288 906 584 2681 5070 2607 4930 1 097

Panchthar District

Chilindin 3918 72700 539 1928 4921 1990 5079 1 103

Pauwasartap 4322 80100 540 2083 4820 2239 5180 1 107


District and VDC 2001 Census Data

Total Population Total HH HH

size Male Female Ratio

Imbung 2378 45500 523 1144 4811 1234 5189 1 108 Nawamidanda 4345 79700 545 2090 4810 2255 5190 1108 Siwa 3970 70000 567 1916 4826 2054 5174 1 107 Chokmagu 4133 74400 556 1987 4808 2146 5192 l 108 Phidim 13652 292700 466 6854 5021 6798 4979 1 099 Bharapa 7268 130100 559 3560 4898 3708 5102 1 104

Subhan 5316 95400 557 2602 4895 2714 5105 1 104

Amarpur 7743 137500 563 3743 4834 4000 5166 1 107

Terhathum District

Chhatedunga 3798 695 546 1811 4768 1987 5232 1 110

Total 168747 31609 I 534 83360 4940 85387 5060 1 110

Source CBS 2001

About 40 of the total populations in the project VDCs are below 14 years of age while those above the 60 years of age constitute 6 of the total population The population between 15 to 59 years of age constitutes 54 The age wise distribution pattern of population in the project VDCs is similar to those of the project districts although the population of younger and older is slightly higher in the project VDCs than in the project districts (Table 23)


Table 23 Population of Different Age Group and Sex Project Affected VDCs

AGE GROUPS District

GENDER TOTALVDC

Jhapa

Both 13911 1204 866 4631 3329 3246 2333 3334 2397 1659 1193 1041 Lakhanpur Male 6715 594 885 2355 3507 1510 2249 1525 2271 793 1181 532

Female 7196 610 848 2276 3163 1736 2412 1809 2514 866 1203 509 707

lIam __shy _-- __shy shy shy __shy

58~ ~Both 18176 1930 1062 5263 2896 4147 2282 4720 2597 1052 579 1064 9018

~

S189 ~1Chulachuli Male 996 1104 2701 2995 2032 2253 2427 549 609 611 - _ shy _shy ---shy --r---shy~-- --shy~-

Female 9158 934 1020 2562 2798 2115 2309 2531 2764 503 549 513 560 shy ~ shy ----shy

Both 6210 733 1180 2626 4229 1266 2039 1433 2308 539 868 346 557 shy shy__-r--ro7-~19 ---

Chameta Male 3049 368 1207 1311 4300 570 1869 279 915 182 597 -shy - ---shy~---r-

IFemale 3161 365 1155 1315 4160 696 2202 726 2297 260 823 164 519 shy ---shy _- --_shy __shy

2474 ----shy

Both 4923 545 1107 1912 3884 1048 2129 1218 465 945 280 569

Chisapani -shy

Male 2473-1--271 1096 951 3846 515 2082 619 2503 239 966 149 603

-shy - shy shy shyFemale 2450 274 1118 961 3922 533 2176 599 2445 226 922 131 535

----_r----shy -shy shy

Both 12693 1412 1112 5220 4113 2622 2066 3039 2394 1211 954 601 473 ~- -

Danabari Male 6351 693 1091 2590 4078 1291 2033 1496 2356 652 1027 322 507 f--shy _shy -~_shy _-shy ----shy --shy

Female 6342 719 1134 2630 4147 1331 2099 1543 2433 559 881 279 440 shyf 556

--shy -~ --shy ---shy c-----1----- -------shy -----shy ~

Both 4875 1141 1900 3897 1017 2086 1140 2338 457 937 361 741 ----shy _- 1---shy --shyf--971

--shy 2203 f---- -Ektappa Male 2374 272 1146 4090 473 1992 523 218 918 189 796

--shy --shy

Female 2501 284 1136 929 3715 544 2175 617 2467 239 956 172 688__-shy ~- __-- __shy __ -~ __-shy __ - -1---shy 1---shy --shy - __shy ----- f----shy

Both 4600 480 1043 1665 3620 961 2089 1192 2591 485 1054 297 646---_r--shy861

r----Godak Male 2338 246 1052 3683 459 1963 612 2618 248 1061 158 676

-~_shy -----shy

Female 2262 234 1034 804 3554 502 2219 580 2564 237 1048 139 615 ----shy ----shy ----shy _shy ----shy ----shy

-2073 - 1---shy - ---shy - ---shy

~67Both 10776 1334 1238 4719 4379 2234 2343 2174 1013 940 433 r-shy -----shy

2022-~18~89 --shy ---shy --

Mahamai Male 5351 675 1261 2346 4384 1082 554 1035 251 469 I---shy shy - ---shy~---1-shy --shyf----shy

Female 5425 659 1215 2373 4374 1152 2124 1225 2258 459 846 216 398 1--shy

2478 ___shy _shy __shy

Both 6799 632 930 3645 1497 2202 1719 2528 697 1025 408 6001--_shy --shy ---_shy

~06- r---a42Mangalbare Male 3424 316 923 1278 3732 721 2459 376 1098 207 605 r---shy -- _shy r-shy --1-shy ---shy

Female 3375 316 936 1200 3556 776 2299 877 2599 321 951 201 596 ~---shy 1----shy - -

Phakphok Both 5288 632 1195 2141 4049 1064 2012 1262 2387 492 930 329 622_shy __--shy - ~--- L_ ____

Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabel Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project 9

Panchthar

AGE GROUPS District ----shy --shy ------shy --shy shy

VDC GENDER TOTAL 0-4 5-14 YEARS 15middot24

25-49

50-59

Over 60 YEARS Years Years Years

Male 2681 330 1231 1089 4062 522 1947 640 2387 254 947 176 656 r------shy -----shy --shy -----~ --shy

Female 2607 302 1158 1052 4035 542 2079 622 2386 238 913 153 587 1----- f---shy -----r-

Both 3378 339 1004 1253 3709 717 2123 826 2445 357 1057 225 666 r----shy f--shy --

Soyak Male 1712 205 1197 655 3826 360 2103 408 2383 180 1051 109 637 t------ --c--- 1---shy ---shy rmiddot----~ -----shy - --shy -----shy --shy -----shy

Female 1666 134 804 598 3589 357 2143 418 2509 177 1062 116 696 -shy - ------shy -364---shy ---shy f---- --- r---

Both 3454 1054 1279 3703 736 2131 860 2490 326 944 253 732---- ---shyI--- ----shy f--shy --shy --shy ---

Sidhithumka Male 1700 190 1118 641 3771 349 2053 421 2476 171 1006 118 694

Female 1754 174 992 638 3637 387 2206 439 2503 155 884 135 770 -shy f------r--shy

Both 5497 634 1153 2150 3911 1136 2067 1284 2336 562 1022 365 664 _----shy -----shy --shy -shy c----- -~1--- c----- -shy _ Sangrumba Male 2739 314 1146 1077 3932 547 1997 640 2337 282 1030 193 705

--shy

Female 2758 320 1160 1073 3891 589 2136 644 2335 280 1015 172 624 - --shy -shy --~---

---_--shy --------shy --shy r-shy ------shy

Both 3918 569 1452 1741 4444 670 1710 901 2300 362 924 244 623 --shy -f---

4585 ----shy ---

Chilindin Male 1928 294 1525 884 305 1582 427 2215 180 934 132 685 _--shy ----shy f- --shy -shy -

Female 1990 275 1382 857 4307 365 1834 474 2382 182 915 112 563 -shy _ 1----shy -shy 1-shy --shy

Both 4322 593 1372 1860 4304 853 1974 935 2163 427 988 247 571-shy f----shy ----Pauwasartap Male 2083 308 1479 940 4513 384 1843 410 1968 212 1018 137 658_ --- --_ --shy f---shy -shy ----shy

Female 2239 285 1273 920 4109 469 2095 525 2345 215 960 110 491 -~

4130 -------shy ------shy f-------shy --- --shy --shy f-----shy _ --shy

Both 2378 311 1308 982 444 1867 510 2145 262 1102 180 757

Imbung Male 1144 168 1469 479 4187 208 1818 251 2194 114 997 92 804 _--shy ----shy f- -- 1----shy --shy ----shy --shy f---shy -

Female 1234 143 1159 503 4076 236 1912 259 2099 148 1199 88 713 ~----- -shy f----- -shy f--

Both 4345 499 1148 1195 2750 913 2101 1095 2520 265 610 378 870_ - -shy -shy c----- Nawamidanda Male 2090 238 1139 591 2828 440 2105 522 2498 116 555 183 876

_---1---shyFemale 2255 261 1157 604 2678 473 2098 573 2541 149 661 195 865

_--shy --shy 4146Both 3970 509 1282 1646 784 865 2179 433 1091 242 610 246-1284

-----shy ----c--Siwa Male 1916 801 4181 365 1905 393 2051 229 1195 128 668

-shy --shy ---1shy --shy

Female 2054 263 1280 845 4114 419 2040 472 2298 204 993 114 555 _shy -shy ----shy -shy --shy c----shy

Both 4133 569 1377 1721 4164 789 1909 883 2136 431 1043 309 748-f--shy ---

Chokmagu Male 1987 292 1470 856 4308 366 1842 399 2008 215 1082 151 760 _-----_--shy

2146 1--shy --shy ---I--- --shy f-shy -shy --shy

Female 277 1291 865 4031 423 1971 484 2255 216 1007 158 736 ~-- --shy

3563Both 13652 1579 1157 5279 3867 3043 2229 2610 1169 856 598 438 Phidim

Male 6854 787 1148 2669 3894 1419 2070 1836 2679 618 902 312 455 ----~---


AGE GROUPS District ---shy ----------------shy -----shy ------------shy -------shy ----shy

VDC GENDER TOTAL 0-4 5-14 YEARS 15-24 25-49 50-59

YEARS Years Years Years Over 60

Female 6798 792 1165 2610 3839 1624 2389 1727 2540 551 811 286 421 f----------shy --4256 -shy --shy -shy-- - - shy --shy

Both 7268 930 1280 3093 1419 1952 1649 2269 645 887 462 636 -----shy --shy ---shy -shy ---shy ---shy ---

Bharapa Male 3560 434 1219 1508 4236 722 2028 788 2213 319 896 223 626 ----shy --shy

Female 3708 496 1338 1585 4275 697 1880 861 2322 326 879 239 645 ---shy

1144 _-shy ----_--shy -----shy -shy

822Both 5316 608 2171 4084 1037 1951 1180 2220 491 924 437

Subhan Male 2602 324 1245 1114 4281 482 1852 543 2087 234 899 229 880

Female 2714 284 1046 1057 3895 555 2045 637 2347 257 947 208 766 -----shy

Both 7743 1033 1334 3351 4328 1450 1873 1724 2227 645 833 573 740 --

Amarpur Male 3743 531 1419 1647 4400 690 1843 818 2185 315 842 273 729 ------shy -------~ -shy

Female 4000 502 1255 1704 4260 760 1900 906 2265 330 825 300 750 ------

Terhathum--shy ~2--- -- shy _ ~[~l~~~

---------shy

Both 3798 455 11 98 1473 2262 376 990 346 911

Chhatedunga Male 181-1 c-shy 221 ~20--722 2225 180 994 167 922

Female 1987 234 1178 751 _ 2295 196 986 179 901 --shy --shy

Source CBS 2001

Social Impact Assessment amp Management Report Kabeli Corridor 132 kV Transmission Une Project 11

I Chapter 3 STUDY APPROACH TASKS AND METHODOLOGY I 30 Social and Environmental Requirements and Objectives of This

Report

As per amendments of EPR schedules on January 27 2010 (refer EPR Schedule 1 UuUu1) the KCTLP is required to conduct Initial Environmental Examination (lEE) study and its approval from the Ministry of Energy (MoEn) However it will also have to comply with the provisions of Guidelines to Permit Forest Land for Other Purpose (2006) of the Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation The NEA has conducted the lEE study of the above project and already received approval on lEE study on September 201 O

Since the NEA is seeking financial assistance from the World Bank all the Operational Policies of World Bank have to be complied prior the initiation of the project It is in this context the World Bank has requested the NEA to prepare the Social Impact Assessment Report Social Management Framework and Resettlement Action Plan of Angle Tower of the 132 kV KCTLP Through competitive bidding process NESS has secured this consulting assignment through NEA

31 The Assignment

This assignment is to develop social aspects of the project preparation in compliance with relevant Nepali domestic laws policies and World Bank operational poliCies Its scope of work is as follows

bull Develop a socioeconomic profile of the project area and highlight key social economic cultural ethnic and political features of the project areas as well as key issues that should be considered under the project preparation

bull Identify broadly adverse social impacts under the project and determine which World Bank poliCies are triggered under the project and recommend the approach for planning as required by the Government and World Bank policies

bull Develop the required planning instruments to meet the World Bank requirements for appraisal particularly on involuntary resettlement and indigenous people and

bull Carry out public consultations in the project areas to feed their concerns and recommendations into the project design

32 Project Management

Understanding the objectives and scope of works the consultant started the services with the following management approaches

bull Selection of those methods and technologies that have been tested and proven to be optimum and successful in ongoing and past projects

bull Socially and culturally acceptable grassroots level planning bull Close contact and effective co-ordination with the client and with all concerned authorities bull In-depth knowledge of technical financial management and accounting gender and social

development and institutional aspects bull Full use of available and applicable reports guidelines standards maps and drawings other

relevant information that are found to be useful for execution and completion of the proposed services in accordance with accepted professional standards and practices

bull Selection and timely mobilization of appropriate project team members bull Clear distinction of roles and responsibilities for each members of the team under strict

adherence to the work schedule bull Strict adherence to the work schedule bull Work product of high quality to meet the study objectives bull Systematic monitoring of both process and performance

Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report KabeJi Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project 12

bull Completion of the proposed services within the stipulated time bull Sufficient flexibility to respond to desired changes and direction bull Enhancement of environmental qualities and environmental protection at all times during works

Additionally for quality assurance of the project works the consultant has established backstopping with technical and administrative support to the consulting team The objective of such backstopping support is to assist in maintaining a quality assurance system provide required facilities and support to the team establish an expert mechanism for solving problem audit performance and take preventive and corrective measures aimed for quality performance The field survey team their areas of expertise and other details are given in Annex 2 of this report

The team leader of the study was in constant contact with all the team members during the survey The team was briefed every morning and progress was debriefed in a regular interval The team leader was in regular contact with NEA focal person during the study The approach followed included

bull Frequent effective co-ordination and communication with the client bull Effective co-ordination and interaction with the team members bull Good and reliable management of the field logistics equipment and other support facilities bull Careful management of the movement to and fro from the field site bull Use of standard formats and questionnaires for ensuring to the point objective and uniform

data collection and collation

33 Communication and Consultation with Stakeholders

The project involves multiple stakeholders of different interests Without a close consultation cooperation and partiCipation of these stakeholders the objectives of the SIA study could not be realized Thus a mechanism of maximization of consultation and cooperation of the stakeholders were followed during the entire period of study Awareness building of the stakeholders and use of multiple participation approaches were key focus area for realizing wider participation of the stakeholders in all stages of the SIA studies

During the study period the concerns and suggestions of stakeholders were collected reviewed and incorporated in the SIA reports

The project stakeholders were involved at three different stages In the initial stage primary focus of the plan was to introduce the project and its likely implication to the people at the local level and seek information and concerns of the people on the project andor identify issues that are not well understood and need further investigation to understand their implications The second stage of the Plan was to seek information on the baseline conditions of various resources at local level their use their importance critical factors that govern the existing baseline etc The third stage of the Plan was to seek information on the programs and measures and their adequacy to avoid minimize and compensate the adverse social impacts of the projects and maximize the social benefits The findings from stakeholder discussions and interviews are presented succinctly in sect4 below (and in more detail in Annex 4)

Various tools methods and means can be utilized to involve the people in the project decision making process particularly related to social aspects Public Notification Distribution of Brochures Rapid Rural Appraisal PartiCipatory Rural Appraisal Informal Focus Group Discussions (FGD) Interviews with Key Informants Census Social Survey of the Affected Populations etc were applied depending upon local conditions The FGD checklist for women AdivashiJanajati Dalit is included in Annex 3 of this report

34 SIA Fieldwork

The study team members have interacted with the local government organizations institutions NGOs CBOs and the members of civil societies to actively take part in the SIA RAP and SMF studies During the course of study the consulting team members have noted the views and ideas of the stakeholders and encourage them to provide further input for successful completion of the study and implementation of the project

SociaImpact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabeli Corridor 132 kV Transmission Une Project 13

The SIA RAP and SMF requirements mentioned in OP of World Bank and GoN requirements were taken as a reference during the entire study period It is widely agreed that for the project to be feasible for implementation it should be technically feasible financially viable and socioshyeconomically and environmentally acceptable

The study team of NESS has used already available information for the SIA study and analysis so as to minimize time for the study accomplishment Primary information was sought only in cases where there were complete gaps

For the SIA study the contractor mobilized a multidisciplinary team of 10 specialists proceeding in five groups of two specialists each to conduct the fieldwork along the KCTLP TL corridor across the four project affected districts in eastern Nepal Ultimately the entire TL right-of-way Angle Tower (AT) sites and Power SubmiddotStation (PSIS) sites were covered

Each team first read all available reports and details of the project to become familiar with the project site In the field selected portions of relevant reports were carried for reference along with maps with towerlcorridor details A detailed questionnaire was prepared to be administered to those householders whose land has been selected for angle tower or sub-station construction And focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with a sampling of AdivasiJanajati Dalit and Womens groups from the VDCs affected by the KCTLP (Annex 3)

During the 10 days of fieldwork the following specific tasks were accomplished

1 Conducted a desk review of available information from previous surveys (lEE) and secondary data from the districts and VDCs concerned

2 Reviewed GON and WB legal and policy frameworks focusing on the key social economic cultural ethnic and political characteristics of the project area including socio-political environmental socio-economic and employment and livelihood patterns of the local people

3 Identified and interviewed landowners of the pre-selected AT and PSIS construction sites with a predesigned questionnaire Data were collected on their demographics socio-cultural features livelihood and employment patterns use of natural resources association or participation in formal and informal institutions and their relationshipsinteractions with other ethnic groups The affected sites include private land (where private landowners were interviewed) community forest (where community forest user group members were interviewed) and government land (government agencies were consulted at the DDC level)

4 Screened for the presence of Indigenous Peoples (AdivasiJanajati) and Vulnerable Groups (Dalit Women) residing under or within 250 meters of the proposed transmission line corridor and focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with a representative sample of such groups Altogether 53 FGDs were conducted (Table 31) These discussions were designed to determine ethnic identity markets such factors as (a) self-identification and recognition of the identity by others (b) collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories and associated natural resources (c) presence of distinct customary cultural economic social or political institutions and (d) indigenous languages Data were collected on demographics socio-cultural features livelihood and employment patterns use of natural resources formal and informal institutions and their relationshipsinteractions with other ethnic groups

5 Note that all consultations interviews and discussions (in both 3 amp 4 above) focused on the impacts on people and communities of land acquisition for Angle Towers impacts on local livelihood patterns due to TL construction general resource use in the communities (including both common natural and cultural resources used) and the presence and significance of other religious cultural andor historical resources For further discussion see Annex 4

6 Other project-affected individuals communities and groups and other stakeholders were also identified and interviewsdiscussions were carried out including with local government bodiesagencies (DDCs VDCs DFOs CBOslNGOs ethnic and caste group associations and

Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Repori Kabei Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project 14

forest user groups) to assess their views concerns expectations and advice regarding the project

Table 31 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with Indigenous and Vulnerable Groups

District VDC Ward Settlement Ethnic Vulnerable Total group Groups FGDs

Terathum Chattedhunga 8 9 Tudikhel Tamang Dalit Women 3 Panchthar bull Amarpur 9 Pinasi ghat Majhi -shy Women 2

Subhang 2 Chautara Limbu -shy Women 2 Bharapa 9 Simkharka Tall1ang middot Dalit Women 3 Phidim 1 Dandagaun - -shy Women 1

1 Chokmagu Maidane -shy -shy Women 1 Siwa 1 Siwa Limbu -shy Women 2

I Nawamidanda middot Pattie Bhanjhyang - -shy Women 1 i Imbung 1 Sisuba Limbu -shy Women 2

Pauwasartap 2 Sartap Limbu -shy Women 2 Chilingden 2 i Chap lung Limbu middot shy Women 2

ilam middot Phakphok 5 Simkharka Rai -shy Women 2 Chamaita 9 i Phalate i Rai -shy Women 2

i Chamaita 9 i Simsara -shy bull Dalit -shy 1 middot Ektappa 1 Metalung Gurung Dalit Women 3

Mangalbare 7 i Sunwargaun Sunwar -shy Ishy 1 Mangalbare middot Sabjung - -shy -Women 1 Sangrumba 9 Talkharka i Tamang -shy - 1 Sangrumba i JitpureBazaar - -shy Women 1 Sidhithumka 6 i Gorkhe Gau Limbu - 1 Sidhithumka KhandrungPanchami - ~

Women 2 ~yak middot Yannang - -shy 1 middot Soyak i Nawami - -shy Women 1 i Godak 3 Bhandaribesi Magar Dalit Women 3

Chisapani 9 i Aapdanda Limbu middot -shy Ornen 2 Danabari 9 i Saduadanda Rai -shy Women i 2 ~ahamai 5 Tamakhe - Dalit Women 2 ~ajho 2 I Jhilke Rai -shy Women 2

Chulachuli 5 bull Sarkitar Rai -shy i Women 2

Jhapa Lakhanpur Geuriya - - Women 1 I Lakhanpur middot Sabitra Chok - Dalit 1

Total 53

The data collected in the field from discussions interviews and observations have been compiled collated and processed as appropriate with speCial attention to stakeholder perspectives needs observations issues and suggestions They are presented here succinctly in the body of the report with supporting tables and further details presented in Annex 4

SociaImpact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabei Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project 15

I Chapter 4 SUMMARY FINDINGS I 4 Summary Findings

41 Overview of the Project VDCs1

411 Physical Characteristics

Twenty five VDCs in four districts are directly impacted by the KCTL Project Three districts are in the hills (Pahad) Terathum Panchthar and lIam and one is in the lowland Terai Jhapa Of the 51 power line angle towers (AT) sited along the TL corridor 47 are located in the three hill districts - Terathum 1 Panchthar 17 and lIam 28 and four in the terai district (Jhapa) There are also three power substation (PSIS) sites two in the hills at Phidim VDC (Panchthar District) and Godak VDC (llam District) and one in the terai at Lakhanpur VDC (Jhapa District)

The transmission lines cross land that is generally rural agricultural and relatively well populated including cultivated (private) land community forest land government forest land and barren land (and a few villages) For AT site numbers and location by VDC ward and settlement see Table 41

Table 41 Angle Towers (AT) and Power Substations (PSIS) in Project Affected VDCs

SN VDC Ward Nearest Infrastructure Land Type I Remarks SetUement AT PSIS I

TERHATHUM DISTRICT (1 AT)

1 Chhatedhunga 7 Bokre AP-1 Private land cultivated

I PANCHTHAR DISTRICT (19 AT 1 PSIS)

2 Amarpur 8 Pinaseghat AP-O Private land cultivated

3 Sub hang 2 Chulidanda AP-2 Government land barren Siruwani

4 Sub hang 2 Dabaltar AP-3 Government land barren

5 Bharapa (transmission lines pass over VDC but no angle tower)

6 I Phidim 4 Dangalgaun v Government land barren Numbered APmiddot4 land

7 Phidim 4 Gadgidanda AP-5 Private land cultivated

8 Chokmagu 1 Dangalgaun AP-6 Government land barren

9 IChokmagu 8 Jorkulo AP-7 Private land cultivated

10 i Chokmagu 6 Gauthali AP-8 Private land cultivated

11 i Chokmagu 7 i Maidane AP-9 Private land cultivated

12 I Siba 5 Maluwa AP-11 Private land cultivated

13 Siba 4 i Siba AP-12 Private land cultivated

14 i Siba 4 Magar AP-13 Private land cultivated

15 i Siba 4 Srimantar AP~14 Private land cultivated

16 Siba 4 Khamladin AP-15 Private land cultivated

17 Nawamidanda 4 Patale Bhanjyang AP-16 Private land cultivated

18 Imbung 8 Hongue AP-17 Private land cultivated

19 Imbung 1 Panitankyadanda AP-18 Private land cultivated Sisuwa

20 Pauwasartap 2 Sartap AP-19 Private land cultivated

21 Chilinden 2 Lukuwa AP-20 Private land cultivated

22 Chilinden 3 Kamerudanda AP-21 Government land barren Deurali

ILAM DISTRICT (26 AT1 PSIS)

1 This SIA report focuses largely on the socio-economic situation in the population of the 25 projectmiddotaffected VDCs For further district level data see the lEE Report sect631 Project Districts


-23 Phakphok -shy (transmission lines pass over VDC butno angle tower)

24 Chamaita 9 Simsara AP-22 Private land cultivated

25 Ektappa (transmission lines pass over VDC but no angle tower)

2S Mangalbare 5 Sabjung AP-23 Private land cultivated

27 Mangalbare 2 Dandagaun AP-24 Private land cultivated

28 Mangalbare 4 Surkedanda AP-25 Government land other National Tea Development Panitar Board

29 I Siddhithumka Buddhachowk AP-26 Private land cultivated Kalsing

30 Siddhithumpka 4 Khandrung AP-27 Private land cultivated Panchami

31 Siddhithumpka 3 Chuligaun AP-28 Government forest

32 Sangarumba -shy (transmission lines pass over VDC but no angle tower)

33 Soyak 7 Nawamidanda AP-29 Private land cultivated

~yak 7 Dhode AP-30 Private land cultivated

35 Soyak 9 Bikramdanda AP-15 Private land cultivated Sirkot

3S Soyak 6 Tamakipa AP-16 Private land cultivated Bahana ---shy

371 Chisapani 9 Lamudanda AP-17 Private land cultivated Borung

38 i Chisapani 9 Karkidanda AP-18 Private land barren

39 Danawari 9 Hangrayo AP-19 Private land cultivated Bhalukhop

40 Danawari 9 Hatikharka AP-110 Private land barren

41 Mahamai 5 Tamakhe AP-111 Private land cultivated

42 Mahamai 5 Sanguri AP-42 Private land cultivated

43 Mahamai 5 Sanguri AP-43 Community Forest

44 Bajho (transmission lines pass over VDC but no angle tower)

45 Chulachuli 5 Beteni AP-44 Government land barren

4S Chulachuli 5 Beteni AP-45 Government forest

47 Chulachuli 5 Sarkitar AP-46 Private land cultivated

48 Chulachuli 4 Budhi Khola AP-D6 Private land cultivated ~-

491 Chulachuli 3 Barhagothe Siran AP-D5 Private land cultivated

SO i Soyak 1 Balase AP-13 Private land cultivated

51 Chisapani 4 Rangapani AP-12 Government land barren

52 Godak 3 Setuwabesi ~ Government land barren PSIS has no AP number

531 Godak 3 Danawaribesi AP-11 Private land cultivated Bhandaribesi

54 JHAPA DISTRICT (5 AT 1 PSIS)

55 Lakhanpur 3 Ratuwa Mai AP-D4 Government land barren

561 Lakhanpur 1 Rangkathko AP-D3 Government land barren Tuppa

--- 57 Lakhanpur 1 Rangathko Tuppa AP-D2 Government land barren

581 Lakhanpur shy I-shy

1 Geuriva AP-D1 Government land barren

59 Lakhanpur 1 Pathibharachowk AP-DO Government land barren

SO Lakhanpur 1 Camak ~ Government land barren PSIS has no AP number

All three Power Sub-Stations are located on government land (barren) but the Angle Towers are sited on a variety of land types (Table 41) See Table 42 for the total number of Angle Towers by land type for each district


Table 42 Number of Angle Towers by Land Type by District

Land Type Terathum Panchthar lIam Jhapa Totals

bull Private land cultivated 1 15 18 - 34

bull Private land barren - -shy 2 - 2

bull Community forest - -shy 1 - 1

bull Government forest -shy -shy 2 2

bull Government land barren - 4 2 5 11

bull Government land other -shy -shy 1 - 1

Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population

The Initial Environmental Examination (lEE) corroborated by the findings of this SIA Report indicate that the 25 project VDCs through which the transmission lines pass have a total population of 168747 (13 of the total population of the four districts) based on the 2001 census The average household size is 534 with a malefemale ratio of 1102 (4940 male to 5060 female) (Ref Table 43)

Table 43 Demographic Characteristics of the Project Districts

District Jhapa lIam Panchthar Terhathum Total of Project

Districts

Total Population 688109 282806 202056 113111 1286082

Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083

Female Population 346434 140372 103014 58179 647999

Male Female ratio 101 099 104 106 102

No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808

Average Household Size 501 518 542 547 515

Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550

Population Density Personsqkm 428 166 163 167 283

Source CBS 2001

About 40 of the population of the project-affected VDCs is below 14 years of age 54 is between the ages of 14 and 60 and 6 is above 60 years of age (lEE sect6321 Population)

More than 70 caste and ethnic groups inhabit the project VDCs2 The caste groups (as distinct from ethnic groupsIndigenous Nationalities) residing in the project VDCs fall into two general categories (a) Brahmin and Chhetri (the so-called advantaged or upper or higher castes) and (b) Dalit (or artisan castes the socio-economically disadvantaged or vulnerable groups sometimes called lower castes)

The Vulnerable Groups as defined in GON and WB development policy include both Dalit castes and Women (irrespective of caste or ethnicity) (See Terms and Definitions above) The Dalit castes found in the project area are in order of magnitude the Kami or Blacksmith caste (356) Damai or Dholi Tailor caste (169) and Sarki or Leatherworker caste (047) All other Dalits (mostly in the Terai district of Jhapa) account for less than 1 each

At the district level the Brahmin and Chhetri castes predominate numerically When considered together the BrahminChhetri castes total 3951 of the population of the four districts but at the level of the project-affected VDCs they only account for 26 of the population By comparison the major

2 See caste and ethnic group under Definition of Terms above Note that in some reports (including the lEE) the distinction between caste and ethnic groups is sometimes blurred Following GON and WB policy regarding the identification of and special consideration for Indigenous Peoples we distinguish clearly between them in this report (See also lEE sect63 Socia-Economic Environment especially Table 6320 CasteEthnic Groups in the Project VDCs lEE Table 6318 Population Distribution in the Project VDCs and lEE Table 6319 Population of Different Age Group and Sex Project Affected VDCs)


indigenous ethnic groups predominate numerically at the VDC level with an overall 54 of the population

There are ten ethnic groups resident in the four districts of the project They are defined as Indigenous Nationalities (AdivasilJanjati) (See Terms and Definitions above) Eight are hill ethnic groups including Limbu Rai Tamang and Magar and two are lowland (Terai) ethnic groups (Rajbansi Santhal) The more populous ethnic groups are the Limbu Rai Tamang and Magar The smaller groups include Gurung Majhi Sunwar Tharu and others3

The Muslims resident in the project area account for only 002 of the population They are found in three of the four project-affected districts Jhapa (663 of the district population) Panchthar (057) and Terathum (14) Their percentage within the total population of the four project affected districts is 338

43 Community Groups Sample Surveys

431 IndigenolJs Groups (AdivasiJanjati) Findings

Focus Group Discussions were held with representative groups of these Indigenous Peoples Limbu (total population in the project VDCs 42925 or 24) Rai (29250 or 1661) Tamang (10613 or 6) Magar (7045 or 399) Gurung (1647 or 093) Majhi (714 or 040) and Sunwar (1416 or 080) (CBS 2001) Taken together all ethnic groups represent slightly over half of the population of the four project districts

In the following summary of findings a number of significant points are made including factors relating to ethnic identity and cultural heritage and specific or unique identifying cultural markers their place in the larger society ethnic group livelihoods and lifestyle (eg traditional cultural attributes and contemporary conditions including group health education and employment) their relative level of achievement and perceptions of the project and of issues or needs arising (For more detail by individual group see Annex 4)

a) Ethnic History Origins and Identity

The project districts (Terathum Panchthar lIam and Jhapa) are four among the districts of eastern Nepal Traditionally this region of east Nepal (Arun purba lit East of the Arun river) has been known as Limbuwan literally Land of the Limbus (from which the contemporary Limbuwan political movement takes its name) The Limbu and Rai Indigenous Peoples are often lumped together and called collectively the Kiranti ethnic people (Sometimes Sunwar are included in the list of Kiranti people) The Kirant or Kiranti are the true indigenous peoples of eastern Nepal Other ethnic groups such as Tamang Magar and Gurung have migrated into the eastern hills only in recent generations from ancestral homelands farther west in the hill districts of central and western Nepal

The Limbus of the project VDCs have especially strong self-identity which is maintained through several local ethnic and cultural groups Other groups like the Gurung of Ektappa VDC and the Sunwar of Mangabare VDC are in the process of reclaiming their traditional ethnic and cultural identity

b) Language and Oral Tradition

Only a few of the Indigenous Peoples of the project area speak indigenous local languages Most have no unique language other than Nepali the national language which all speaks The Kiranti ethnic groups (Limbu Rai Sunwar) each have their own language written in a unique Kiranti script (eg Yakthumba or Kiranti among the Limbu Wantawa among the Rai and Sunwar among the Sunwar) In addition some Tamang and Magar speak their own language In some locales there is a contemporary attempt to revitalize linguistic tradition by introducing it as a subject in school (eg Limbu and Rai)

3 For details see lEE Table 6320 CasteEthnic Groups in the Project VDCs For comparative district-level data see Table 633 Ethnic Composition of the Project Districts Note that the latter table includes some caste groups


c) Folk tales song and dance

Each ethnic group has its own traditional folk tales songsmiddot and dances with accompanying instruments Most also practice Pan-Nepali folk music traditions Indigenous folk music is typically heard during festivals that are unique to each ethnic group and it is at these times that unique ethnic forms of dress are worn

d) Festivals

While all celebrate the Pan-Nepali festivals of Dashain Diwali (Tihar) Sankranti and various seasonal or calendrical events some have their own unique traditional celebrations Sometimes ethnic names are given to national festivals (eg Limbu call Diwali as Yumasam) The most popular seasonal festivals are Ubhaui a spring festival prior to the cultivation of the rice crop and Udhaui a fall harvest festival

A main value of celebrating traditional festive events is to maintain cultural identity mutual relationships and social order In a few instances locals are attempting to revive ancient and traditional festival events including the wearing of ethnic costume and the recitation and singing of folk tales and songs (eg Gurung of Ektappa VDC Sunwar of Mangalbare VDC)

e) Religion Ritual Observances and Sacred Sites

Religion ritual occasions and sacred sites

The ethnic groups practice Hinduism Buddhism andor forms of Animism or Shamanism -shysometimes combined in such ways that they are hard to separate Tamang and some Magar for example are Buddhist and observe the Buddhist New Year (Lhosar) and Buddhas Birthday (Buddha Jayantl) Limbus and Rais practice local Kiranti religions (Manghim or Mangdhan to Limbus) which have a strong Nature worship orientation recognizing sacred ground stones trees and water sites Certain water sites (rivers ponds) are especially sacred to one or another of the ethnic groups including the Mai Khola (river) and others All riversides and river waters are sacred to the Majhi a fisherman group

Some sacred sites are quite hear the Angle Tower sites but no AT is sited directly on recognized sacred ground

Funerary practice and burial sites

Both cremation and burial are practiced and for some groups there are designated burial grounds usually in association with a sacred grove or forest The Limbu for example have well known cemeteries where they erect elaborate monuments in memory of the dead The Majhi unique among the ethnic groups bury their dead on the river bank No Angle Tower is known to be sited on a burial or cremation ground

f) Life CrisislLife Cycle Events

The main life crises events are birth (and accompanying naming ceremonies) marriage (arranged or love marriage and in some instances marriage by an older custom of capture or kidnapping) and death rituals (followed by burial or cremation) The wedding events (bibaha) are quite similar to those observed across Nepal with a wedding party Uantl) gift giving and the like following a patrifocal system (where the bride lives in the grooms house with his extended family)

g) Other Aspects of Cultural Heritage

Distinct style of dress

Uniquely distinctive styles of dress for men and for women are common although modern forms of dress have overtaken these traditions (especially among youth) Ethnic dress is typically seen during local cultural events and festival celebrations


Distinctive instruments tools ornaments and weaponry

Most instruments tools and ornaments are Pan-Nepali though in a few instances unique and usually ancient ethnic variations are seen

h) Socio-Cultural and Political Organizations

Socia-cultural and political associations

The larger and therefore socially more obvious ethnic groups (and settlements) tend to have established socio-cultural organizations for purposes of social cohesion and maintenance of ethnic traditions and for promoting specific socio-cultural political judicial (dispute settlement) economic sports and entertainment education welfare environment or development (especially healthshyaSSOCiated) agendas (eg local youth groups or Yuva Samuha mothers groups or Ama Samuha and others)

The various community-based organizations (CBOs) are useflJl contact pOints during project implementation

i) Land and Natural Resources

Private land holdings are the norm In the past however a system of communal tenure known as Kipat was practiced especially among the Limbu of eastern Nepal In 1947 AD however Kipat was abolished and Kipat landholdings were converted to private holdings

As elsewhere in Nepal some local lands are designated as Guthi or religious trust lands None are known to be associated with Angle Towers on the TL corridor

Private forest lands are common among the ethnic groups and are used for a variety of purposes eg fuelwood and fodder collection building materials for collection of herbs and ayurvedic and medical plants and wild foods (nuts berries tubers etc) and for grazing livestock And in some communities there are community forests (Samudayik Ban) with participatory Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs)

The vast majority of Angle Towers are sited on private cultivated land and secondly on barren government land Several others are sited on government land and in government forests and one on community forest land See Tables 41 and 42 above for details of Angle Tower and Power Sub-Station locations

44 Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures

During the course of the SIA field research the following attitudes perceptions and expectations from the KCTL Project were expressed by the respondants during focus group discussions and interviews They help form the background for the following Table 44 Matrix of Socio-Economic Conditions of Households and Communities in Project Affected VDCs

441 Attitudes and Perceptions towards the KCTL Project

(a) General Perceptions and Expectations

Both the Kabeli hydroelectric and transmission line projects generally enjoy positive perceptions among the residents of the project affected VDCs based on the focus group discussions held in the settlements It is seen to have significant benefits forthcoming both locally and nationally

During almost every FGD village partiCipantsdiscussants listed benefits that they expect to accrue from the project(s) including most prominently the following

bull local rural electrification where it does not already exist and enhancements to the system where it does

bull local employment on the project 21Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabei Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project

bull skill enhancement training (for employment and livelihood improvement) bull introduction and training in enhancedmodern agriculture and livestock rearing practices

(including hybrid seeds and animal health improvement) bull rehabilitation and improved maintenance of rural roads bull improved health facilities (esp safe drinking water and sanitation) bull enhanced educational awareness facilities and opportunities and bull enhanced conditions for indigenous womens and other vulnerable groups development

(b) Modes of implementation of social development program

From most discussions it is clear that the local people wish to see the involvement of CBOs NGOs and national experts in the implementation of the benefits listed above Community participation in decision-making implementation monitoring and evaluation are considered most valuable

(c) Mitigation measures and modes of rehabilitation or restoration

In cases where compensation is due the locals wish to see it in the following forms

bull Cash compensation bull Provision of land to project affected families (PAFs) andor bull Resettlement and rehabilitation for those PAFs displaced by the project (if any)

(d) Grievance and Hearing Mechanisms

The grievance and hearing mechanisms should be both transparent and documented in writing

(e) Monitoring and Evaluation

MampE should occur often and be participatory

442 Socio-Economic and Environmental Conditions Impacts and Mitigation Measures in Project VDCs

Based on the SIA field research through discussion groups interviews and observations and the knowleqge of similar transmission line projects in Nepal a list of existing conditions potential impacts (direct and indirect) and of proposed mitigation measures has been developed The findings are encapsulated in Table 44 below

These findings are based on representative data collected from caste and ethnic groups including Indigenous Groups (AdivasiJanjati) and Vulnerable Groups (Dalit and Women) and are combined here as a general viewpoint


------- -------

-------

Table 44 Matrix of SociomiddotEconomic Conditions Impacts and Mitigation Measures in Project Affected VDCs

CIS~GCONDITIONS I~TICIPATED IMPACTS ISUGGESTED MITIGATION MEASURES INOTEs

1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT

I bull Basic ~~~nomy ampprimary employshyment Agriculture amp livestock rearing combined with foreign employment with remittances (esp in Gulf states) ampsome militarypolice ampgovernment service work Agriculture includes standard field crops (rice millet corn wheat) ampcash crops (esp tea planta-

I tion amp alaichi (cardamom)

bull Secondary employment includes daily wage labor work carpentry masonry amp small business

bull Dalit most seriously deprived economically

bull Women-headed households I account for approximately 15 of

landholders where ATs are sited

bull Construction camp ampworkers impact on local economy services amp infrastructure

bull Economic loss amp quality of life changes due to land use changes (see also below 2)

~

2 LAND USE CROP LAND amp FOREST LAND

bull With rare exception land holdings are not large many are insufficient to meet annual household needs for food production

bull Over half the land for ATs is private cultivated much larger percentage under TL right-of-way between ATs

bull Project acquisition of private agricultural lands at the 34 Angle Towers (ATs)

bull Minor land use change under TLs ampROW restrictions

bull Minor built structures removal

bull Minor discomfort to affected hhs

bull Need to transport salvaged

bull As far as possible employment on KCTLP will be given to local residents

bull Skill training necessary for employment on KCTLP to be provided

bull Womens upliftment programs to be implemented esp on micro-credit village banking ampsavings amp small business operation

bull Local employment be maximized so that impacts to local infrastructure ampservices will be minimised

bull Construction camps to be provisioned with I separate consumer good shops to the outside workforce for consumer products which are imported to the local area

bull Priority given to vegetables ampother daily consumer products grown locally for construction camp consumption

bull The camps will be provisioned with separate communication services amp transport services

bull The camps will not use the local water supply facilities but will establish own water supply system

Other than a few jobs on KCTLP little disruption to basic employment is anticshyipated Previous lack of opportunity in skills training reported

Cash crops have proven to have great potential for raising hhs economies Ethnic Rai informants report significant economic income from cash cropping Data incomplete but same anticipated for Limbu amp other ethnic groups

Close linkage here with Food Sufficiencylnsuffi-

I ciency situation under 3 below

bull Compensation for permanently occupied lands at transmission right of way (2821 hal amp at PSIS (4324 hal

bull Partial compensation for temporary damage to cropscropland amp for rentals during TL construction period

bull No change in agricultural land use along Transshymission Line (TL) right-of-way (ROW) between ATs

bull Compensation to ROW restriction (8927 hal

bull No population displaceshyment or resettlement anticshyipated

bull Need to engage locals as participants in rehabilitation program planning amp impleshymentation through NGOs amp CBOs


--

--__shy

materials bull Compensation to built structures (23 structures)

bull ROW restrictions on commushy bull Discomfort allowance to affected residential nity forest lands (cut-back due to households (discomfort amp rentals) tree height restrictions) hence bull Transportation allowances for the salvaged loss offodder timber amp fuelwood materials trees

bull Rehabilitation programs to the seriously affected bull Damage to standing crops households (to be defined in cooperation amp with along ROW during TL construcshy participation of local groups) tion period

bull Compensation to community forest user groups for bull Temporary land rental during ROW tree height restrictions construction

bull Direct Impacts on Community Forest Leasehold Forest Resources

bull Loss of standing trees on CF land to be compensated as per the norms of Forest Guidelines (2006) on the aqusition of forest land

bull CFUG members to be given NTFP enhancement training programs amp encouraged to develop NTFP plantation along TL ROW

bull Interested CFUG members to be given job opportunities in the compensatory afforestation programs as per Forest Guidelines (2006)

3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY

bull Insufficient food supply from hhs bull Impact of outside construction agriculture is the norm Only 5 Hhs crew influx on local food interviewed report food sufficiency for supplies 12 months 15 for 9 mos 37 for 6 mos 39 for 3 mos

Close linkage with Econshyproduction under ATs amp for potential restrictions bull Compensation for loss of fruit trees amp agricultural

omyEmployment (1) under TL ROW above

bull Training in improved agricultural amp livestock rearshying practices amp in cash crop raising

4 ENVIRONMENT

bull Local environment largely undisshy bull Telephone amp electric lines turbed government amp community disruption under TL during TL forests construction

bull Little concern for environmental bull Potential environmental issues due to low impact on the impacts with influx of outside environment by local communities workforce for TL construction

bull Telephone amp electricity user communities will be given prior notification regarding disruption of services Services to be re-established as soon as the completion of the cable stringing

bull Clearance above the telephone amp electrical distribution lines will be maintained in all areas


---

bull Impact on communal environshymental resources base from conshystruction activities

bull Impacts to local area aesthetics amp tourism

bull The TL alignment avoids as far as possible community resources under the ROW

bull Outside construction workforce will be discouraged from bringing family members to the local are (to lessen stress on environmental ampsocial services)

bull Construction camps will not use fuelwood for daily food cooking rather LPG or kerosiene for cooking will be provided by the project at subsidized rates

bull Construction camps sites will be located as much as possible outside public lands or community lands

bull Any loss to the communial resources by the project will be compensated to the communities at the market price

bull Placement of material stockpile in closed areas not obstructing the general visual aesthetics of the stockpile area

bull Foundation excavation works be limited to the required amount amp placement of the material ampspoil in environmentally friendly manner not disturbing the local visual aesthetics

bull Stockpile the cleared vegetation (timber amp bioshymass) in specific areas not disturbing the local visual aesthetics

bull Plantation of high growing local tree species on either side of the ROW to hide the pylons amp the cables at a safe distance from the cable amp pylon structure outside the ROW

5 HEALTH ampSANITATION

bull Serious community amp personal health amp sanitation issues

bull Below average access to safe drinking water

bull Below average accessuse of amp Adequate ampsafe sanitation (toilets)

bull Potential disruption to drinking water systems (natural water sources amppiped water)

bull Care to be taken not to damage water systems during TL construction

bull Compensation for any damaged water systems (natural sources amp pipes)

bull TL construction workforce to be instructed amp monitored regularly re occupational health risks

A general of awareness of basic health issues amppreshyventative measures reported in most communishyties

-shy-----shy

Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabefi Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project 25

below average bull Direct impacts on occupational healthbull Knowledge understanding amp

practice of good personal hygiene below average

bull Major illnesses respiratory infection diarrhea skin allergies uterine prolapse in women high blood pressure jaundice amp other

bull Direct impacts of electric amp electromagnetic fields amp stray voltage on public amp environmenshytal health

bull Direct impacts on radio teleshyvision telephone mobile recepshy

______________________-L___ amp implementable medical

during construction works

bull Provision of first aid kits to all TL working sites

bull Health amp safety plans to be prepared amp operationalized for entire construction period to safeguard health amp safety of construction workforce (and nearby local residents) especially with provisions of rescue in case of accidents

bull Only healthy workers will be employed in the construction workforce

bull Sanitary conditions of camps (eg tOilets water supply solid amp liquid waste) to be managed by launching speCial sanitary programs

bull Construction workforce to be provisioned with free condoms amp given personal healthhygiene informati on

bull Health services to be provided to construction workforce shall not depend upon local health services

bull Awareness programs will be launched at the begining of the project operation to the local communities close to the ROW land on the potential impacts amp precautionary measures to be employed to protect onself from the electrical amp electomagnetic fields amp stray voltage

bull Hoarding boards will be placed in critical places along ROW with instructions to safeguard from the electrical electromagnetic amp stray voltage impacts

bull Barricade the Pylon structures from easy access to the people

bull Provide regular training to maintenance workshyforce about risks ampsafety measures to be taken while maintaining the line ampsub-station

bull Provide safety gear to maintenance workforce amp instruct their compulsory use during the maintenshyancework

bull Hoarding boards will be placed in critical places

Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabeli Corridor 132 kV Transmission Une Project 26

devices --_- l along ROW with instructions to safeguard populace from electrical amp electromagnetic fields ______________________J-________________________~_

6 EOUCA TION

bull Level of educational attainment I Minimal impacts anticipated generally not high 29 illiterate 37 completed only primary school 12 lower secondary 75 higher secondary Only 54 SLC level Above that negligible

bull Educational facilities amp opportunities insufficient or lacking

bull Health education lacking

7 SOCIAL CULTURAL LEGAL

bull Assist in upgrading local schools amp teacher educashytion training especially to most seriously affected hhs

In the short run job skills training amp enhancements to agriculture amp livestock rearing practices may be more important in quickly enhancingimproving the local economy

bull Traditional socio-cultural systems bull Indirect Impacts on Law amp exist Order Situation

bull Standard rural legal amp security bull Indirect impacts on local tradishysituation largely without police tion amp culture presence

bull The local law amp order authorities will be regularly informed about the construction planning amp sites of construction works amp ativities

bull The construction workforce will be regularly instructed to respect local people amp their traditions amp culture amp to avoid conflict with local people

bull The construction workforce will be regularly instructed to remain within the camps in between 7pm to 6am daily unless required for construction works

bull Avoid entering into private premises without informing amp without the permission of the property owners

bull Contractors amp workforce to be instructed to honor local culture amp traditions amp to behave with civility amp respect with local population

------------------~-----


ANNEXES


Annex 1 Survey License


Annex 2 Field Study Schedule along with Team Composition ~

I I I Angle ------

i

I I IGroup District VDCs Settlement Points Remarks

I Tehrathum i Tudikhel Bokre

Chattedhunga Negeshwori I I AP-1

I Preference to I Bokre

I Khamkhu Pakhagau I JPreference to [I Panchthar Subhar9 I Ekcheppa Chautara AP-2 AP-3 Chautara

I I Dadagau Chukfara i Preference to I Panchthar Bharapa I Hokse Dadagau

1 Jyangjee Soktin Tirtire Jorsal i I and Neeraj Panchthar Phidim I Bazaar AP-4 AP-5 I I

I

IPreference to IDangalgau Kol bote AP-6 AP-7 Dangalgau I I Tinmaule Chokmagu AP-8 AP-9 Kolbote Tinmaule I Panchthar Chokmagu Maidane Bhadaure (Old AP-10) Chokmagu

I I Siwa

I AP-12APshyI 13 AP-14

Panchthar I Siwa Khamladin AP-15 I 2 Hari Panchthar Nawamidanda Patle Bhanjyang AP-16 Prasan and

IlmbUng Kolbung Hanyok Sisuba bull AP-17 APshy I

Dependra I

Panchthar Newa~au I 18 I

I Bahungau Dadagau I IPanchthar IPauwasartap Sartap Timbure i AP-19

i Panchthar Chilingden Ctlyaplun Lukuwa I AP-20

Dueurali or nearest middotlIam I Phakphok settlement of AP-21 i AP-21

IPhalate Simsara I Chaulagaigau Munsigau

Illam I Chamaita Thapagau Khandrun I AP-22 I Metalun or Closest liam Ektappa Setllement

Tapewa Sabjun ISunwargau Majhuwa AP-23 APshy

I

3 Abhishek I Mangalbare I Preference to I and Manoj i lIam Mangalbare Gagrebhanivang Panitar 24 I Sunwargau I

lIam Sangarumba Dhadegau Jitpure i

Bazaar Talkharka Lumde i AP-25

I I Choke bazaar Bhirgau I Ap-26 Apshy

i Ham Khandrun Aiselukharka I 27 and APshy

I Siddhithumka Siddhithumka 128 AP-29 APshy30 AP-31 AP-5 AP-4

I Yannam Soyak Sirkot AP-3 AP-Ham Sovak I Belase Ekphewa middot6 lIam Chisapani Satare I AP-2

AP-1 and 4 DrDon Proposed and Hub or

DrPratima Ilam I GodaK Setuwabesi Bhnadarigau I Substation i

I I i


am S I AP-61 1SOyLak-__JBah=ana--____

- SanogaulBhorung

Apdanda Hangrayo Ap-7AP-8 I Chaurase Chewali AP-9 AP- i

lIam IChisagani Sadhuwadanda Dhondre 10

I IAp-11AP- I Tamakhe Tamakhe i 42 Old and I

f------+Mcaham=ai_----+iKholaL--Pa-ndu--Sa~-gur2i_--tIA-=P_-43-=Old--+-_ -----l r-IIBaho I Jhike or nearb settlement I -------r--------1

I Beten Ajngare saf Manetar Budhijhoda i AP-44AP- Ajingare may not

5 Dilli and I Sukuna Ratholi Peltimari 45 AP-46 consist thick I

Tej Raj I Chulach=u1ci _----B=-a=-rhazothe~_____+-=o-rAP-4-7_-t-setIIement----l

I I I ~223~I Lakha~~ur II i All Grou Lakhan ur Sabitrachowk Substation bullI

~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~

Coordinatio n Salil Devkota TL

SociaImpact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabeli Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project 31

Annex 3

Focus Group Discussion Checklist I Format for Socioeconomic and cultural Environment Demographic features of nearby Settlements and List of Focus Group Participants

FGD Checklist for Women

Location (District VDe Ward and Tole Gaun) Date F ac ilitator

1 Project Description (Presented by the FacilitatorlResearcher) 2 Socioeconomic Profile (try to get information by casteethnic group if the FGD is

Heterogeneous) bull Populationdemographic Features

a Proportion of women population a Women headed HHs a Average Age of marriage and child birth

bull Main and secondary modes of livelihood bull Education skill amp trainings bull Formal Employment bull Health condition bull Patterns of Land and Assets Owned by Women bull Patterns of energy used

a Cooking a Lighting

bull Access to other resources and assets a Safe Drinking Water a Toilet a School a Health Centre a Security centre

bull Access to natural resources a ForestifuelwoodfoddertimberNTFPs a Animal grazing a Riverrecreation

bull Involvement in Decision Making a Domestic Sphere a Public Sphere

bull Overall status of women

3 Attitude toward the Project and Perceived Likely Impacts (high low or medium 4 Mitigation Measures and Modes of Rehabilitation or Restoration 5 General Perception and Understanding of Local Development Needslssues 6 Expectations from the Project 7 Identification of Needs and their Priority within the Scope of the Project 8 Modes of Implementation of Social Development Program

a Institutional arrangements a Participation and consultation a Grievances and hearing mechanism a Monitoring and evaluation

SociaImpact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabeli Corndor 132 kV Transmission Line Project 32

FGD Checklist for Dalit

Location (District VDC Ward and Tole Gaun) Date Facilitator

1 Socioeconomic Profile (try to get information by caste group if the FGD is Heterogeneous)

bull Populationdemographic Features o Total HHs o Total Population o MaleFemale Ratio

bull Main and Secondary Modes of Livelihood bull Land Ownership Patterns bull Food Sufficiency Level bull Level of Education skill amp trainings bull Formal Employment bull Health Condition bull Patterns of energy used

o Cooking o Lighting

bull Access to other Resources and Assets o Safe Drinking Water o Toilet o School o Health Centre o Security centre

bull Access to natural resources o ForestlfuelwoodfoddertimberNTFPs o Animal grazing o Riverrecreation

bull Involvement in Public Decision Making

2 Attitude toward the Project and Perceived Likely Impacts (high low or medium

3 Mitigation Measures and Modes of Rehabilitation or Restoration

4 General Perception and Understanding of Local Development NeedsIssues

5 Expectations from the Project

6 Identification of Needs and their Priority within the Scope of the Project

7 Modes of Implementation of Social Development Program

o Institutional arrangements o Participation and consultation o Grievances and hearing mechanism o Monitoring and evaluation


FGD Checklist for JanjatiAdibasi

Location (District VDC Ward and Tole IGaun)

Date

Facilitator

1 Project Description (Presented by the FacilitatorlResearcher) 2 Socioeconomic Profile (try to get information by JanjatiiAdibasi group if the FGO is

Heterogeneous) bull Populationdemographic features

o Total HHs o Total population o MaleFemale Ratio

bull Main and Secondary Modes of Livelihood bull Land Ownership Patterns bull Food Sufficiency Level bull Level of Education skill amptrainings bull Formal Employment bull Health Condition bull Patterns of energy used



bull Involvement in Public Decision Making o Ethnic organization o NGOs o Political Parties o Neighborhood

bull Access to natural resources o ForestfuelwoodfoddertimberNTFPs o Animal grazing o Riverrecreation

3 Self-identification 1Characteristics of Indigenous Peoples (Adhivasi Janajatis) 2 Distinct social economic cultural and political institutions 3Cultural Heritage

a Cultural resources- temples shrines and sacred elements of the land-scape artifacts and buildings etc

b Archaeological resources-plants and animal remains burial sites and architectural elements etc

4Language and Oral literature- ritual texts curative chants epic poems musical genres folk tales creation tales songs myths legends word games ethnic history or historical narratives etc

5Ethnic history of your community historical continuity in this present location 6lndigenous Knowledge tools and techniques 7Some crucial factors to affected Adivashi Janajatis identity survival and cultural viability

4 Land and Natural Resources 1 Traditional or de facto or customary rights to land and natural resources 2 Your traditional territory 3 Special relationship with their land as a basic to their existence and to all their beliefs

customs traditions and culture 4 Such relationships and their various social cultural economic spiritual and political

dimensions 5 Culture and rituals and their contributions in maintenance of social order


6 Cultural and spiritual specialties attached with Kabeli Khola 7 Communally owned region forest hunting areas 8 Animal and plant species found in this area that have cultural rituals and religious

functionsvalues

5 Religion Rituals Customs and Institutions


7 Mitigation Measures and Modes of Rehabilitationl or Restoration

8 General Perception and Understanding of Local Development Needslssues




o Institutional arrangements o PartiCipation and consultation o Grievances and hearing mechanism o Monitoring and evaluation

Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabeli OJrridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project 35

Annex 4 Detailed Socio-Cultural Data on Characteristics of Indigenous Peoples in the KCTL Project Area

A Socio-Cultural Characteristics of Ethnic Groups (Indigenous Peoples)

The following discussion of ethnic group identity traditional practices and culture is generalized Where local variations exist they are noted (by VDC and settlement) Selected practices such as land use the location of sacred sites the existence of local social or political organizations and general attitudes and expectations about the project may have a bearing on project implementation and compensation

The following seven Indigenous Peoples (ethnic groups) are described Limbu (421) Rai (422) Tamang (423) Magar (424) Gurung (425) Majhi (426) and Sunwar (427) (A list of all Indigenous Peoplesethnic groups of the project districts is found in Table A1 below)

In the following discussion a number of significant points are made about each Indigenous ethnic group including factors relating to their ethnic identity and cultural heritage including specific or unique identifying cultural markers each groups place in the larger society their relative level of achievement (including such modern factors as socio-economic advancement by taking employment abroad and seeking educational opportunities) and local perceptions of the project and of issues or needs arising Much of the data are encapsulated in the Annex Tables

Table Ai Demographic Data and Location of Focus Group Discussions by Ethnic Group in the Project Area

District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191

1 I I Population Ethnic I--------==-I--+-=Mo--=F-I

VDC Ward I Settlement Group Hhs Male Female Total j Ratiot

Chattedhunga 1 89 i Tudikhel i Tamang 120 350 I 410 760 11 117

Amarpur I 9 JPinasi ghat Majhi 16 65 I 70 135 1 1 108

ISubhang I 2 I Chautara Limbu 5 30 20 I 50 1 067

Bharapa 9 I Simkharka Tamang 6 21 15 I 36 1 071

Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233

Imbung I 1 Sisuba Limbu 150 495 405 900 I 1 082

Pauwasartap I 2 1 Sartap I Limbu 430 1212 1368 2580 J1 113

Chilingden 2 I Chaplung Limbu 80 192 288 480 11 150

Phakphok 5 I Simsara Rai 19 51 64 115 1 125

Chaimaita I Phalate Rai 34 67 111 178 1 166

Ektappa 1 JMetalung Gurung 34 67 111 178 1 166

Mangalbare 7 I Sunwargau Sunwar 27 69 82 151 1 122

Sangrumba 9 I Talkharka Tamang 62 178 264 442 1 148

iSidhithumka 6 I Gorkhe Gau Limbu 69 140 400 1 186

IGodak 3 I Bhandaribesi Magar 100 270 330 600 1 121

iChisapani 9 Aapdanda Limbu 35 199 243 442 1 122

IDanabari 9 Saduadanda Rai 60 I 158 188 346 1 122

IBajho 2 JJhilke Rai 33 J 104 124 228 i 1 119

1 Chulachuli 5 I Sarkitar Rai 50 150 200 350 1 133

Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124

Notes bull No ethnic group discussions were held in Jhapa District t The high ratio of female to male in many of these communities is explained by increased childbearing in an

attempt to produce a male child (eg s 510 12 and 18 above)+There are many women-headed households in the project-affected VDCs (eg in 14 Sidhithumka) a fact not

uncommon in Nepal Three reasons are usually given husband is (a) deceased (b) incapacitated (disabled) or


(c) employed abroad in a foreign country

A(1) Limbu

The Limbu are the largest Janjati ethnic group in the project area Among the Indigenous Peoples inhabiting the four project districts Limbu represent 24294 of the entire population in the projectshyaffected VDCs

The data were collected from FGDs in Panchthar District (5 communities) and lIam District (2 communities)

a Ethnic History and Origins

The history and origins of the Limbu people is shrouded in myth legend and mystery Some believe that their ancestors came from Tibet or Mongolia many generations ago For example at Gorkhe Gaun in Siddhithumka VDC (ilam District) the local Limbus say that their ancestors came from Mongolia then split into two groups one of which settled in parts of what is now Panchthar District and the other in lIam Note however that an authoritative and conclusive ethnography of the origins of most of Nepals ethnic minorities including the Limbu is yet to be written

In general the Limbu inhabit the eastern Nepal hills Arun purba east of the Arun river valley This includes the four districts through which the Kabeli transmission line corridor has been mapped and studied Traditionally this region of east Nepal has been known as Limbuwan (literally Land of the Limbus from which the contemporary Limbuwan political movement takes its name) The Limbu Indigenous Peoples are often lumped together with the Rai and called collectively the Kiranti ethnic people

Traditional the Limbu lands of eastern Nepal are also known by the general term of Samuhik Tamsuk which respondants to this study indicate they have been using since the time of their ancestors

The Limbu and Rai together as the Kiranti people are the true indigenous peoples of eastern Nepal (Sometimes the Sunwar are included among the Kiranti) Other Indigenous Peoples such as Tamang Magar and Gurung have migrated into the eastern hills only in recent generations Their ancestral homelands are farther west in the hill districts of central and western Nepal


The Limbu traditionally spoke a language known as Yaklhumba or Kiranti which is written using a script called Shri Janga Nowadays the Nepali language and its script (Devanagn) are eclipsing use of the Limbu language The Limbu are very aware of this form of acculturation to predominant Nepalese cultural expression In response to this loss of culture in Imbung VDC (or Panchthar District) Limbu residents have introduced Umbu Upi (Limbu language texts) for study at the +2 level in the local Shri Satya Hangma Higher Secondary SchooL


The Limbu have their own unique cultural folk tales and musical traditions known as hakparem samoma khyale and paam These and other folk talessongs are usually told at the time of festivals and weddings They

kelang or dhol naach (a drum dance) the yaangma (baja or dhan naach a rice or harvest dance) udhauli naach (a post harvest dance held annually in Mangsir mid-Nov to mid-Dec) ubhauli naach (a New Year and pre-planting festival held annually on Baisakh Purnima the full moon of Baisakhmid-April to mid-May) and chyabrung naach

d) Festivals

The Limbu celebrate uniquely ethnic festival called Thewasam or Yumasam (commonly known across Nepal as DewalJ) which involves worship of clan gods This festival has importance for keeping mutual relationships and social order During this time a bull is killed and special food is prepared and shared among the celebrants


Religion

4 All population percentages in this Annex are based on recent census results (Central Bureau of Statistics 2001)

37Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabeli Corridor 132 kV Transmission Une Project

The traditional ancestral religion of the Limbus is called Manghim or Mangdhan and is closely associated with animism and shamanism Some aspects of the old religion are still practiced but these days most Limbus follow forms of the predominant Hindu religion of Nepal Nonetheless animistic and shamanistic practices are widespread as described briefly below and the line between them and Hinduism is not very clear In fact there is great overlap between various religious practices and beliefs that results in a remarkable syncretism and religious tolerance

Ritual occasions

Ritual activities vary by local group (clan or thar) and location Usually only the members of a specific clan may participate in a particular ritual or visit certain sacred sites

Typically various plants and animals have ritual significance For example in the celebration of pitri puja (worship of deceased relative) some Limbus use the tail of a bull The tail of yak and skin of thar (a type of wild sheep or deer) are also considered important in certain ritual and cultural contexts Similarly as elsewhere in Hindu Nepal the cow is venerated (but never sacrificed or killed)

Certain plants or plant parts such as the leaves of tite paati (Artemesia vulgariS) and other medicinal plants with many local names have religious significance

Sacred sites

Limbu communities as most all settlements in Nepal have designated places of worship called Oevithan (generic goddess shrine) Shivathan (shrine or temple dedicated to Lord Shiva) and other Near a village called Silaute in Panchthar District there is a Bhanghim (aSSOCiated with bhang marijuana) There is also a place to worship a goddess known as Singh a Devi at Silaute In Siba village of Siba VDC Panchthar a site called Tagera Nuwagu is established for the worship of the god Vishnu


Funeral practices vary Limbus typically bury their dead In some communities of Panchthar district the burial site is known as Kaporkhana or Chiyanghari (meaning burial ground) In Chautara village of Subang VDC Panchthar a banyan and pipal tree are planted at the burial site The typical burial monument looks like a small house or memorial chorten and the land or place where these burial monuments are located are sometimes called chautara (Nep platform)


Limbu life cycle events are similar to those of Hindu society For example after birth a boys nwaran (naming ceremony) is done on the 4th day and for girls on the 3rd day At weddings the Limbus dance the dhol naach (drum dance)

In case of illness local villagers may call a local healer called a fedangma to help them

At death close family members fast the entire day Later a post-funerary ceremony of remembrance is held on an odd numbered day in an odd month of an odd year In case of an accidental death a dhami or jhankri (types of shaman) is called upon to conduct a ritual to placate the soul of the deceased



Limbu men traditionally wear a distinctive waistband (patuka) into which they tuck their khukuri knife Men typically wear the common Nepali dress called kurta suruwal the same as other ethnic

groups such as the Tamang and others

Limbu womens traditional dress was known as tilahari chandrahar langwagri and kali Ornaments worn in the ears and nose or around the neck are called chepte sun (necklace) dhungri (ear ring) bulaki (nose ornament) and sirbindi (a head decoration also called samyang fung)


Limbu traditionally make small baskets called dalo and such common farm implements and tools as halo (plough) doko (basket) namlo (tumpline) and choya (bamboo material for making doko and dao)


Among the traditional Limbu weapons are tawar (sword) tir (arrow) bhaa (spear) dha (shield) and guei (slingshoot) and nisan (military banner) There is a legend that some of the weapons have historical significance because they were given to the Limbu by King Prithvi Narayan Shah during the unification of Nepal (18th century AD)

h) Socia-Cultural and Political Organizations

Socio-cultural associations

Limbu clubs and other community associations are typically local or settlement-specific They include youth clubs or neighborhood groups established to accomplish specific goals For example

bull At Chyaplung village of Ward 2 Chiliden VDC Panchthar District Tinchuli YuwafYouth Club dedicated to social and development activities

bull At Sartap village of Ward 2 Pauwasartap VDC Panchthar Falgun and Green Peace Club dedicated to social and development activities to sports and environmental works (eg tree plantation health and sanitation)

bull At Siba village Ward 1 of Siba VDC Panchthar Hatemalo SamuhaAssociation dedicated to social and development activities

Associations such as these (and there are many others in the communities) can be helpful in promoting project activities and disseminating project-related information

Political associations

Although no specific political associations (party affiliation or political agenda) were revealed to the researchers (possibly due of the sensitivity involved with politics throughout Nepal) it is known that the Limbu people belong to various political parties Many for example are proud that the Speaker of the National Assembly (Subash Nemwang a Limbu from east Nepal) is a prominent member of the UMUUnited Marxist Leninist Party Others claim preference for the Nepal Congress Party and some for the Maoist Party East Nepal is also home to the Limbuwan nationalist movement and there are some eastern hill residents who are sympathetic to the politically active Gorkhaland nationalist movement of neighboring Sikkim and West Bengal in India (Darjeeling and vicinity)


Most Limbu people own private land Before the year 2031 VS (1974 AD) all Limbu lands were communal and known as Kipat In 2031 however Kipat was abolished and Kipat landholdings were converted to private holdings

As elsewhere in Nepal some local lands are deSignated as guthi or religious trust lands One example is at Silaute Village in Panchthar district where there is uncultivated trust land of 100 ropani (509 ha) in size

Private forest lands are also common among the Limbu They are used for a variety of purposes including the collection of fuelwood and fodder and building materials for collection of herbs and ayurvedic and medical plants and wild foods (nuts berries tubers etc) and for grazing livestock And in some communities there are community forests (samudayik ban) with partiCipatory community forest user groups (CFUGs)

j) Attitudes and Perceptions Towards the Kabeli Transmission Line Project

General perceptions

Opinions of the project by Limbus is generally positive accompanied by the following sorts of observations

bull Project should guarantee continuous electriCity locally

bull Project should develop the infrastructure needed

bull Towers should be erected on useless land if possible

bull At Siba VDC (Panchthar) We are not giving land if we dont get electricity and The Power Sub-Station should be at Siba if possible

Mitigation measures and modes of rehabilitation or restoration

bull Compensation by payment of money


bull Compensation by providing land to affected families

bull For those displaced PAFs (if any) provide an appropriate rehabilitation site

General perceptionsexpectations and understandingsneedsissues

bull Needs indicated include jobs construction of schools (alternately a college a higher secondary school) construction of a hospital provision of electricity road construction skill development program safe drinking water supply and sanitation

Modes of implementation ofsocial development program

bull Institutional arrangements community based through NGOs and INGOs (locals expressed opinion that there is a high chance of corruption of implemented by the government) elsewhere the opinion was community-based implementation with government assistance or simply govemment-based programs

bull Participation and consultation by consultation with the local people and development work should be organized participation and involvement by all without respect to age gender religion or caste

Grievance and hearing mechanisms

bull In written form

Monitoring and evaluation

bull MampE should be continuous by project and by community

A2 Rai The Rai are the second largest indigenous Janjati ethnic group in the project area Only the Limbu have a larger population Both are considered as the Kiranti people of eastern Nepal The Rai represent 1661 of the population in the project-affected VDCs

The data for this section were collected from focus group discussion with ethnic Rai representing the neighboring villages of Phalate and Simsara of Chamaita (Ward 9) and Phakphok (Ward 5) respectively in Panchthar District These two villages are very close neighbors with similar history traditions and rituals

a) ) Ethnic History and Origins

The Rai are indigenous to the eastern Nepal hills part of the larger Kiranti people (which includes the Limbu as well) About 200-250 years ago the Rai ancestors of these villages were travelling through this place to India from Bhojpur and Khotang Districts when they realized this location was a suitable place to settle


Their language is known as Wantawa and the Kiranti script is called Upi


Song and dance

Chadi Sakea Yaichadi and Chakhewa are Rai songs sung during festivals They are accompanied by the dho (drum) and shaking of yak tail (Chauri ko puchhar hallaudai) They perform different types of cultural dances (naach) like Dho Naach Lakhe Naach Debi Dewata Pukarne Naach

Musical instruments

Typical musical instruments like dho damaru jhyamta and ektare are played to celebrate festivals and ceremonies

d) Festivals

They celebrate two major festivals namely Ubhauli (on Baisakh Purnima the full moon day of the month of mid-AprilMay) and Udhauli (Mangsir Purnima mid-NovemberDecember) Ubhaui is celebrated before the cultivation of the rice crop (paddy) At that time they worship god and pray for protection from drought wind hail and heavy rainfall and for good rainfall to get better yield from


crop production Thus the main purpose of their pray is to project crops from Nature Udhaui is celebrated after harvesting of crop (paddy) They again pray god for the continuity of better yield of crop than the current year on coming year

Apart from celebrating these two festivals they celebrate such other pan-Nepal festivals as Dashain Tihar Sankaranti and others


Religion

They follow the Kirat religion (similar to the Limbu) The priest is called a Kirant Guru They are natural lovers and worship land sacred stones trees and water and are against the sacrifice of animals

Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites

There are altogether nine sacred places namely Siddha Devithan (to the goddess Durga) where they worship during the festival of Dashain Felling down of tree around this Devithan is prohibited They also worship Ganesh Lord Shiva and Parvati as their main gods and goddess Both the Rai communities of Simsara and Phalate share common ritual sites

They also worship a stone of Simsara Khola and Shivaaya at Chamaita Ward 9) A pond located near Deurai Danda is also considered to be sacred


Usually they use both public and private land as the burial site However Rai of this settlement also uses Tinjure Danda as the burial site (also called Chihan Danda)

f) Life CrisisLife Cycle Events

Birth

Nawaran (naming ceremony) on the fifth day after childbirth for a daughter and seventh day for a son And on the 22nd day after childbirth they call a priest for blessing

Marriage

There are two types of marriage love marriage and arranged marriage

In a love marriage the girl runs away with the boy who takes her to his home after convincing his parents After three days the grooms family goes to brides house to apologize for their son and to convince them of the marriage The grooms family gives a goat to bride family as compensation (a type of punishment pay) Then a marriage reception is organized at both sides

In an arranged marriage the grooms side approaches the prospective brides family with a proposal bringing alcohol and fruits Once the brides side accepts the gifts the proposal is considered fixed On the day of the wedding the grooms party goes to the brides home in a procession called a janti The priest chants a mantra as the bride is admitted into the grooms home

Death

The Kirat priest chants a mantra for the purification of the dead body Then a shankha (conch shell) is blown and jhyamti is played as the body is carried to the burial site Following death family members abstainfrom eating oil and salt for seven to 12 days

For a natural death the body is buried In case of unnatural death (accident suicide) the body is burned

g) Other Aspects of Cultural Heritage and Self Image


The Rai wear a distinctive style of dress the daura suruwa topi pagari and khukuri for men and chaubandi choli and khurmi for women



Indigenous knowledge

The Rai have inherent ethnic knowledge such as Dhami and Jhakri for diagnoses and healing They also possess special skills to construct bows and arrows (dhanus kaand) which in ancient times were used for defense against enemies and to hunt wild animals They also have knowledge for making typical musical instruments (eg dhol damaru jhyamta ektare)

Self-Image

According to the Rai of these communities major factors affecting their self-identity survival and cultural viability relate to the effects of modernization and globalization including foreign employment and the attraction of youth towards Western culture They also see their children going outside of the settlement for higher education and being influenced by foreign cultures They also mention lack of institutional arrangements for the development and preservation of their unique Rai culture and traditions and lack of government policies to support the preservation of their religion and culture


They feel that as a distinct ethnic group they are behind in all aspects especially in education and regarding foreign employment There is no special organization working for the welfare of the Rai people (they have a demand to establish some organization which works for their welfare)


Nothing special


Land

Traditional or de facto customary rights to land and natural resources among the Rai include the traditional use of Tinjure Danda and the forest of Nunthala Danda for burial

The pasture of Tinjure is used by the Rai of Phalate village for grazing livestock (If the project acquires these communal lands for the project the locals must be compensated or they should be allowed to utilize these land though they have no land ownership certificate)

They also claim the land from Deurali Bhanjyang to Phalate Bazaar as their traditional territory

Plants

At the time of Nawaran the child naming ceremony the seeds of a plant called bhengur have ritual significance And at death the thorn of aiseu (Rubus elipticus) as well as khar (thatch grass) and leaves of tite paati (Artemesia vulgaris) have ritual importance At marriage they use the leaf of a tree named miche limba They also use the following plants in various ritual activities tite paati banana leaf fruits paan leaf (Piper betle the betel leaf)

Animals

Yaks wool in death rituals And while their religion does not permit them to sacrifice of animals they nonetheless eat meat


General perceptions

In general the Rai have a positive perception of the project but they expect a good compensation and supply of electricity to the settlements


They listed the following expectations from the project

Enhancement of rural electrification by replacing wooden poles by steel poles high voltage electricity will help to establish tea factory in the area road development sanitation and health related programs tourism enhancement program modern agricultural techniques and livestock development programs (esp hybrid livestock) program to cure and control recently spread disease affecting the alaichi (black cardamom) drop as well as diseases of livestock and other disease of livestock special programs to enhance the condition of women and indigenous groups programs for educational awareness


Modes of implementation of social development program

Through community based organizations


Through written complaint

A3 Tamang Among the Indigenous Peoples inhabiting the project area Tamangs represent only 601 of the entire population in the project-affected VDCs

The data for this description of the Tamang Indigenous People is from focus group discussions in lIam District at Talkharka Sangarumba VDC at Simkharka Bharapa VDC Panchthar District and at Tudikhel Chattedhunga VDC Terathum District

a) Ethnic History and Origins

Tamangs trace their origins to the central Nepal districts of Sindhupalchok and Nuwakot They are relatively recent migrants to the eastern hill districts (several generations back) Some Tamang communities are unsure of their ancestral origins


Tamang language though not all Tamangs are able to speak their ancestral language


Dances known as damphu naach and Tamang-selo

d) Festivals

See below


Religion

The Tamang are Buddhist and their temple is a gumba Some also practice Hindu religious rituals

Ritual occasions

Before starting out agricultural activity each year they worship the snake especially nag

At the occasions of a birth or a death Tamangs perform a ritual called Lama padaune At the time of a marriage they sing a Tamang song and beat a type of drum called damphu

At the time of childbirth and at death Tamangs Sing Tamang songs and beat the damphu instrument

Sacred sites and practices


Tamangs either bury the dead on private land or they burn the body


Some specific traditions are practiced at the times of birth weddings and death (as described in other sections here)



On special occasions they wear a distinctive style of clothing made from allo a natural fiber made from the Himalayan giant nettle plant They wear this clothing especially on such occasions as Buddhas Birthday (Buddha Jayanll) and others They also wear a traditional dress as khadi (home spun cotton) on special occasions The khadi is woven on a charkha

Distinctive instruments tools omaments and weaponry

Tamangs excel in house building and furniture making but have no other indigenous knowledge of tools and techniques


Distinctive food items

Tamangs prepare a special soup or stew known as ku thupa consisting of nine different ingredients including buckwheat barley and wheat During festivals and at funerals Tamangs alcohol and meat are necessary



Nothing significant reported




Land

No unique traditional or de facto customary rights to land and natural resources and there is no specific local territory with which they identify In some communities there are communally managed forests and hunting areas

Animals and plants

Similar to their caste and ethnic neighbors the Tamangs revere the bar pipa and sima trees They also consider the cow as an animal of religious importance


General perceptions

Generally high and positive attitude by the Tamang Indigenous People In addition they observed the following

bull Project should supply electricity safe drinking water supply health facilities improved transportation (roads) employment

bull Development works should come to their communities such as improved transportation (roads) to enhance local livelihoods


bull Give appropriate compensation keep the number of trees to be cut to a minimum if necessary if houses are affected they should be replaced in another appropriate location training programs and skill development must be given to enhance local livelihoods


bull Every household will have continuous electricity supply provide safe drinking water management aid to local health facilities skill development and training programs needed and employment

Modes of implementation of social development programs

bull Institutional arrangements should be government based

bull Participation and consultation Tamangs should participate and be consulted on any project that comes to their locality Tamangs should be given training so that their participation will be effective


bull Public discussion and discussion with experts with suggestions from educated people as primary way to solve problems


bull Appropriate and regular monitoring by Tamang as well as other local people government expertise needed for efficiency of any project coming to the locality


A4 Magar Among the Indigenous Peoples inhabiting the four project districts Magars represent only 399 of the entire population in the project-affected VDCs

These Magar group data are from one focus group discussion among Magar residents of Bhandaribesi village of Godak VDC Ham District


Tradition tells us that the Magars migrated into east Nepal from other locations Those of Godak VDC in Ham for example know that their ancestors migrated into Bhandari Besi settlement from the region of Koya Khola (river) near Bhojpur in Taplejung District Before that their ancestral origins are obscure but Magar traditional original home is in the hill districts of central and western Nepal

b) Language and Oral Traditions

Magar language but all speak the national language of Nepali


Traditional Magar dances include these hurra naach kauda naach maruni naach

d) Festivals

See Ritual occasions below


Religion

Buddhist The indigenous Magar religious belief system i called Tripitak

Ritual occasions

Buddha Jayanti (Buddhas birthday) Maghe Sakranti celebrated annually in the month of Maghe (mid-Jan to mid-Feb) (it is also a national public festival)

Sacred sites

The Magar Buddhist temple is a Gomba The religious priest is called Bhusal


Magar practice two ways to dispose of the dead - by cremation or burial The chiyan (cremation site) and burial grounds are near the village


No data



Lungi Chaubandi Ghalek


No data


Socia-cultural associations

No data


No data



The Magars of Bhandari Besi settlement in Godak VDC used to have a communal forest that they called Jyamirko Jungal but they were unable to pay the government tax and it was taken back into the government forest system


No data

A5 Gurung Among the Indigenous Peoples inhabiting the four project districts Gurungs number only 1647 individuals in the project VDCs or 093 of the population of the VDCs They are resident in only Panchthar and lIam Districts where they number only 6325 persons representing barely one half of 1 of the overall population)

The following data on the Gurung are from one focus group discussion among the Gurung residents of Metalung village of Ektappa VDC Ward 1 (liam District)


Like other Gurungs in the eastern hills they are recent immigrants from farther west in Nepal They are identified by their Nepalese citizenship where their caste and religion are generally listed as Gurung and Buddhist though in this settlement they generally follow the Hindu religion

The Gurungs of Metalung village claim residence here for seven generations Their ancestors came to this place from Taplejung District and have been closely influenced by the culture of the BrahminChhetri castes of the village They have therefore long followed the culture religion and rituals of these caste neighbors people a trend that has continued to the present though (under Religion below we see that they are attempting to recover some of their Buddhist cultural traditions from the past)


These Gurungs do not speak the Gurung language Over the generations they have abandoned many of their former identifying ethnic characteristics and have lost their ethnic language All now speak Nepali


Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals

See secte) Religion Ritual occasions below


Religion

The Gurungs here are registered as Buddhist though they practice aspects of both Hinduism and Buddhism Their Hinduism mimics their BrahminChhetri caste neighbors and reflects strong association and influence by the Hindu caste culture around them During rituals associated with birth and death (see below) they engage a Buddhist Lama whereas for other religious activities they call a Brahmin priest

Recently the Gurungs of this locale have begun to return to their Buddhist roots for purposes of reclaiming their ethnic cultural heritage For this purpose they have contacted nearby Gurungs in Taplejung District This indicates a renewed realization of their ethnic identity as an Indigenous People of Nepal They say that their lack of knowledge regarding their own ancestraltraditional culture religion social institutions oral literatures and the like affects their ethnic identity survival and cultural viability as an Indigenous People of Nepal

Ritual occasions

Have no unique cultural heritage like a Buddhist gomba (temple) or Hindu temple or shrines At the time of ubhauli a pre-planting agricultural festival held on Baisakh Purnima (full moon day of Baisakh AprilMay) they worship Sansari Danda a nearby hillock where they release pigeons in a ritual practice called parewa udaune and drink alcohol and offer fruits to the deities


Sacred sites

Other than Sansari Danda described above there are no special archaeological resources plant and animal remains nor burial sites or architectural elements


No special burial sites


These Gurungs say that their rituals and other cultural elements play important roles in preserving their culture and traditions and in maintaining social harmony

Birth

On the fifth or seventh day after chidlbirth they call a Lama and for the child naming ceremony For preparation of the childs horoscope however both Lama and Brahmin priests are called though they tend to prefer a Brahmin for this new born baby is named according to the day of week

Marriage

There are three types of marriage a) arranged marriage (magi bib aha ) b) love marriage or bhabi bibaha and c) marriage by capture described as marriage by theft or force between the fupu chela (boy) and mama cheli (girl)

In an arranged marriage members of the grooms party take alcohol and 21 rupees as sagun (rit) to the brides home to fix the marriage At the time of the wedding the groom arrives at the brides home in the traditional marriage party or janta along with relatives and friends The traditional musical instrument called a panche baja is played during the ceremony The father of the bride and of the groom then give each other tika before giving tika to the bride and groom The bride also receives gifts of copper plates and gagri (containers) and a reception is held at both the home of the bride and of the groom

In love marriage the girl runs away with boy and is generally taken by boy to his home after convincing his parents Then the grooms family goes to brides house and to apologize for the boys actions they then give a g6at to brides family in compensation and as a punishment pay

Marriage by capture is rarely practiced any more though it was more common some years back

Death

The Gurungs of Metalung bury the deceased from a natural death and burn the deceased in the case of an accidental death After death the immediate family members abstain from consuming oil and salt for 14 days while other relatives hold this same tradition for only three days



No unique style of dress


They have no uniquely Gurung indigenous knowledge of tools or ornaments but they do have special indigenous knowledge of certain herbs (eg titepati thado unyu jhayu wound) and they use such herbs as chiraito asare phool bhyakur and tamo for relieving fever and for other cures or treatments Some of them also practiced DhamilJhari for the treatment of fever headache stomach ache and protection against ghost amd evil spirits They derive their knowledge of medicinal plants and the practice of DhamiJhari from their forefathers



They have no overarching Gurung social economic cultural or political institutions Recently however a local organization called Sanjivani has been established in this settlement to deal with disputes arising in the locality Among its other social responsibilities the Sanjivani association provides provide vessels and utensils required for such rituals as marriage and death


SociaImpact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabei Corridor 132 kV Transmission Une Project 47

Land

There are no traditional or de facto customary rights to land and natural resources except for communal forest and hunting areas There is no traditional territory associated with the Gurungs overall though land and resources are basic to their existence and playa role in many religious beliefs and social customs

Animals and plants

Some animal and plant species found in this area have cultural ritual and religious functions or values to these Gurungs Among the animals the wool of sheep has a role during the death ceremonies (many Gurungs of eastern Nepal are sheep herders) Among the plants the bar and pipal trees a flower called totala ko phul mango leaves and supari nuts have special significance

i) Attitudes and Perceptions Towards the Kabeli Transmission Line Project

General perceptions

The Gurungs of Metalung Ektappa VDC (lIam) feel that the project is promising and will contribute to local and national development


The project they say should provide compensation for the land acquired for transmission line towers in a proper and transparent manner


According to the Gurung informants engaged in the focus group discussion

bull Most of the populations rely on agriculture and livestock rearing Thus programs should be developed that will enhance agriculture and livestock so that substantial income can be generated The enhancement programs demanded are the provision of hybrid seeds and hybrid livestock for example

bull As the settlement has no electricity the natural springs should be utilized for installing microshyhydropower to supply electriCity

bull Other suggestions improved health facilities enhanced educational institutions rehabilitation and management of the existing road and programs related to drinking water supply and sanitation

AS Majhi The Majhi are identified as a fishing group and as boatmen They generally reside along rivers In the VDCs of the project area they number only 714 inhabitants accounting for less 040 of the population

The data here come from a focus group discussion with one group of Majhi located in the village of Pinaseghat in Amarpur VDC of Panchthar District


They say that their ancestors migrated many generations ago from Kasi (Benaras) India along the Ganges river


All speak Nepali they have no unique language of their own


During the Dewali festival Majhi women sing a song that is unique to this ethnic group though they do not know the name of the song It is a song to promote happiness within the community and to increase the mutual understanding

Similarly they have a song specific to their ethnic group that is sung at funerals

d) Festivals

See above



Religion and ritual occasions

The Majhi Hindus and follow the same general religious practices as their Brahmin and Chhetri caste neighbors

Sacred sites

They have no specific temples or shrines or specific sacred aspects to the landscape though rivers are of special significance to their socio-economy And as do other Hindus they revere the bar pipal and simal trees for ritual purposes


Unlike other caste and ethnic groups the Majhi bury their dead at the bank of the river During the death ceremony they gather and sing a song for the soul to gain eternal peace The post-funeral ceremony is done for about 9-13 days after death

f) Life Crisisllife Cycle Events

See above regarding burial on a river bank at death



Nothing significant


Nothing Significant


Socio-cultural and political associations

None that they identify

Other factors affecting self-identity

The Majhi identify education and foreign employment as major factors in their contemporary identity as a group

i) land and Natural Resources

There are no traditional or de facto customary rights to land and natural resources though the Majhi depend on river resources especially fisheries and boating as critical elements of their traditional socio-economy They identify no specific territory as their own

j) Attitudes and Perceptions Towards the Kabeli Transmission line Project

General perceptions

The Majhi community holds a positive (high) attitude toward the Kabeli Project They expect to have their homes electrified after the project commences

They expect to be consulted and to participate in project activities that affect their locality For grievances and hearings they expect that public discussion and help from experts will be applied for regular monitoring and evaluation and problem-solving

But express some anxiety that their identity as a unique Nepalese Indigenous People is endangered by the project after so many outsiders arrive to construct implement the project (Note that the Majhi of Amarpur reside quite close to the Kabeli hydroelectric plant hence they expect significant impacts social and economic)


They expect appropriate compensation for any impacts from the project They wish to see training programs and skill development initiatives implemented in order to enhance their livelihoods



Specific needs expressed are drinking water facilities skill development and training programs improved transportation infrastructure and enhanced health and education facilities They expect that the Majhi community will not be deprived from 24-hour electricity service


bull Institutional arrangement government-based Majhi should be participants and should be consulted on any project that comes to their locality


bull Public discussion with expert inputs


bull MampE by locals with outside expertise as needed

A7Sunwar The Sunwar represent only 052 of the population of the four project-affected Districts and only slightly more (080) in the specific project-affected VDCs They are indigenous to the eastern districts of Nepal and are sometimes lumped with the Rai and Limbu as members of the Kirant group of Indigenous People

The data here come from a focus group discussion with the Sunwar of Sunwargaun in Mangelore VDC lIam District


The ancestors of these Sunwar are said to have migrated eastward from the Likhu river area of the eastern district Ramechhap District first to Panchthar District and finally to lIam (their present location) where they have been residing for the past six generations


The Sunwars speak their own Sunwar language written in the Kiranti script


Kaincho is used as a singing tune generally during cultural dances like Udhaui Ubhaui Dhobini Naach Kalchundi Naach Dhol Naach and Dumsi Naach They play typical instruments like dhol jhyamdra murchunga and binayo during festivals ceremonies and several other occasions and programs

d) Festivals

Their festivals include Chandi naach Udhauli Uvhauli Dashin and Tihar Saune Sakranti Maghe Sakranti Chaite Dashain etc most of which have seasonal significance



The Sunwar follow the Kirant religion one of the oldest and common religion to eastern Nepal and some parts of northern India See also Festivals above

Sacred sites

Their sacred sites include Syadhar Than where they perform the Chandi Naach (dance) and worship during the seasonal Udhauli and Ubhauli celebrations They have a strong belief in Lord Shiva represented in the sacred shivlinga stone They also worship the nearby Ratnamai river


See below


Birth

Pregnant women are purified by being touched with fire by the eldest member of the society They sacrifice a chicken on the third day after childbirth and the baby is named on the fifth day


Marriage

There are two types of marriage arranged and love marriage (bhagi bibaha) In the case ofa love marriage the grooms family gives a goat to the brides family as compensation or apoloty for the actions of the son In both types of marriage a Jhankri (type of shaman) is used as the priest

Death

At someones death all the villagers gather and take the dead body to the upper hill of the village for burial They use lime at the burial place and they worship there during the Dashain religious festival For a period after ones death their sons and daughters are not allowed to talk with people of other castes The male mourners wear white cotton clotyh and shave their head (kesh mundan) Brothers and children of the deceased abstain from eating oil or salt for ten days or in the case of the death of a child the siblings abstain for seven days All other relatives abstain for one day

On all ritual occasions the Sunwar take alcoholic drinks like raksi (spirit) and jaad (a type of fermented grain beer)


Distinct style ofdress

Typical Sunwar male dress includes jhaflar topi daura and suruwal

Distinctive instruments tools ornaments and weaponry indigenous knowledge

Archaeological elements such as bow and arrow (dhanushkand) and a special banner or flag as a symbol of god has been used by them from ancestral times

For their own defense and poaching they used to use tools like bows and arrows vhalas kaddi etc They can still prepare these items and some have made collections The local Sunwars are planning to establish a museum for the collection of traditional cultural items like musical elements (dhof jhyamda bhunjchungda binayo etc) as well as costumes and other traditional materials



They have recently established an organization named Sunwar Sewa Samar as their local institution that work for the distinct social economic cultural and political issues and activities that take place in that area


The Sunwars consider themselves to have been dominated by Brahmin and other influential castes They suffer from considerable poverty which is one reason why their youth have recently taken up foreign employment where they say they have been further influenced by other cultures and religion They have also sought educational advancement outside of the settlement to enhance their status


Land and water

The Ratnamai river in the vicinity of the settlement has particular cultural and spiritual importance to this community But beyond that there are no other special attachments to the land Hunting was an ancestral practice in area forests

Plants and animals

Among the plant species of importance in Sunwar culture are these champ tree tite paat (Artemesia vulgaris a medicinal plant) the blossom of totala and dhupi (for incense)

Important animal species and animal parts include the quills of dumsi (porcupine) horn of sheep and hide of deer


General perceptions

The implementation of project is a proud feeling as it will be the backbone of electricity supply in the district village and nation as a whole



The compensation should be provided as per the economic condition of the people NEA should directly meet the affected p~ople while giving compensation


They expect a steady supply of electricity to their community from the project In addition they have noted these needs skill enhancement program market-oriented program hybrid animal and cropsshyrelated programs and rehabilitation of the local village road


They wish to see such programs operated through community based organizations


Grievances and hearing mechanisms should be handled through public hearings


Should be conducted regularly


Table A2 All Caste and Ethnic Groups of the Project Area

l~asteIE=rhniC-~ i Group Name TotalI No r-~ --~~--T-- shyI 1 Chhetri 18742 1061

Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002

( 9 RalpiJt-- +- 9 001 10 I Dhimal +--- 660 037 UL~agar___=045 ~ 399 112 Kami U297 356 113 Limbu 42925 2429 ~4 Sanyasi--r---g99 057

15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1

JJ T~jpuriya 687 039

1Q~ IMu~lim __I_~L_1---902_ 21 DamaiDholi 12983 169

~~~urmi 45 003 I Brahmanshy

23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J

124 HajamThakur 24 001 L 25 i Majhi 714 040

26 Kayastha 48 003

Wa ~~~~a ~~~ ~~ I 29 Yadav 131 007 [-30 I Thakuri---- r--12s-00-7shy

G1 Musahar 104 006 ~ 132 GhartiIBhUje~I~=J19~0A1~ 133 Rajbansi 316 I 0181

I34T banuwar 53 I 0middot9L

135 ~~all L2 012

~-unidentifie~-1~~r1 I~~ang- ~~bt- 138 Rai --=-=09350 ~ampL

39 Sarki 047-l--823 40 Sherpa I 682 039 41 Kalwar 15 001

42 ~tJnuwar~416 080

Unidentified T~--~T---l 45 Caste 1 903 pO51 I 46 Bhote ~f--JL _9 01 i

147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48

Koiri 14 oot 50 Baniya 30 002

Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52

Tatma 7 000 54 Rajbhar 6 r-_Ooq_

------~--

55 ~--

Meche 000 56 Munda H

3 _ 6 009_

57 Sudhi =r==~~r--~~Q~ 58 Bad f--OOO j ~_ r-I~kai~___ _ I OQQ

60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-

61 Marwadi 39 002 62 Bangali 12 001 63 Gaine 000 64

3 Dom 11 001

65 Kalwar I 6 000 66 Rau~__r 0 ~---c- OOCL

167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----

l 70 t-8huraute 10 001l 71 IKoche --1-J 000

72 Nuniya I 2 000 73 Chepang

i I 6 000

I Tota_1___ 176712 110000 I Source CBS 2001

3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I

44---hagar ~~ -1L_Q~iESociaImpact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabeli Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project 53

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INDIVIDUAL I INSTITUTION PREPARING THE REPORT 1

11 PROPONENT 1 12 INSTITUTION RESPONSIBLE FOR PREPARING THE DOCUMENT 1

CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT 2

20 BACKGROUND 2 21 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2

211 Project Location and Accessibility 2 212 Project Salient Features 5

23 POPULATION OF PROJECT AFFECTED VDCs 7

CHAPTER 3 STUDY APPROACH TASKS AND METHODOLOGy 12

30 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS AND OBJECTIVES OF THIS REPORT 12 31 THE ASSIGNMENT 12 32 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 12 33 COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION WITH STAKEHOLDERS 13 34 SIA FIELDWORK 13

CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY FINDINGS 16

41 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT VDCs 16 411 Physical Characteristics 16

42 POPULATION 18 43 COMMUNITY GROUPS SAMPLE SURVEYS 19

431 Indigenous Groups (AdivasiIJanjati) Findings 19 44 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 21

441 Attitudes and Perceptions towards the KCn Project 21 442 Socio-Economic and Environmental Conditions Impacts and Mitigation Measures in Project

VDCs 22

ANNEXES

Annex 1 Survey License Annex 2 Field Study Schedule along with Team Composition Annex 3 Focus Group Discussion Checklist I Format for Socioeconomic and Cultural Environment

Demographic Features of Nearby Settlements and List of Focus Group Participants Annex 4 Detailed Socio-Cultural Data on Characteristics of Indigenous Peoples in the KCTL Project Area

LIST OF TABLES

Table 21 Salient Features ofthe KCTLP Table 22 Population Distribution in the Project VDCs Table 23 Population of Different Age Group and Sex Project Affected VDCs Table 31 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with Indigenous and Vulnerable Groups Table 41 Angle Towers (AT) and Power SUbstations (PSIS) in Project Affected VDCs Table 42 Number of Angle Towers by Land Type by District Table 43 Demographic Characteristics of the Project Districts Table 44 Matrix of Socio-Economic Conditions of Households and Communities in Project Affected VDCs

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 21 Project Location Map KCTLP Figure 22 Districts and VDCs across the KCTLP

Social Impact Assessment ampManagement Report Kabei Corridor 132 kV Transmission Line Project

I


A Abbreviations

Angle tower I CFUG





bull GON Households

IDA Hhs


KCTLP INPS





bull PSIS


WB World Bank

B Definitions








11 Proponent



















LEGEND

-~


IIyeneIII

















3261 Bear








45 0 80 32

i

bull 42 Wind Loads


of I I





I j




























15

Substations IHubs







1612 Line Bays


I

I




II

I am Hub






Kabeli Hub









Jhapa District

Lakhanpur 13911 2723 511 6715 4827 7196 5173 1 107

lIam District

Bajho 7324 1308 560 3717 5075 3607 4925 1 097

Chulachuli 18176 3349 543 9018 4961 9158 5039 1 102

Mahamai 10776 1964 549 5351 4966 5425 5034 1 101

Danabari 12693 2400 529 6351 5004 6342 4996 1 100

Chisapani 4923 935 527 2473 5023 2450 4977 1 099

Sopak 3378 619 546 1712 5068 1666 4932 1 097

Godak 4600 924 498 2338 5083 2262 4917 1 097

Sidhithumka 3454 676 511 1700 4922 1754 5078 1 103

Sangrumba 5497 1048 525 2739 4983 2758 5017 1 101

Mangalbare 6799 1281 531 3424 5036 3375 4964 1 099

Ektappa 4875 918 531 2374 4870 2501 5130 1 105

Chameta 6210 1082 574 3049 4910 3161 5090 1 104

Phakphok 5288 906 584 2681 5070 2607 4930 1 097

Panchthar District

Chilindin 3918 72700 539 1928 4921 1990 5079 1 103

Pauwasartap 4322 80100 540 2083 4820 2239 5180 1 107






Subhan 5316 95400 557 2602 4895 2714 5105 1 104

Amarpur 7743 137500 563 3743 4834 4000 5166 1 107

Terhathum District

Chhatedunga 3798 695 546 1811 4768 1987 5232 1 110

Total 168747 31609 I 534 83360 4940 85387 5060 1 110

Source CBS 2001




AGE GROUPS District

GENDER TOTALVDC

Jhapa


Female 7196 610 848 2276 3163 1736 2412 1809 2514 866 1203 509 707


58~ ~Both 18176 1930 1062 5263 2896 4147 2282 4720 2597 1052 579 1064 9018

~



Both 6210 733 1180 2626 4229 1266 2039 1433 2308 539 868 346 557 shy shy__-r--ro7-~19 ---



2474 ----shy

Both 4923 545 1107 1912 3884 1048 2129 1218 465 945 280 569

Chisapani -shy

Male 2473-1--271 1096 951 3846 515 2082 619 2503 239 966 149 603



Both 12693 1412 1112 5220 4113 2622 2066 3039 2394 1211 954 601 473 ~- -


Female 6342 719 1134 2630 4147 1331 2099 1543 2433 559 881 279 440 shyf 556


Both 4875 1141 1900 3897 1017 2086 1140 2338 457 937 361 741 ----shy _- 1---shy --shyf--971


--shy --shy


Both 4600 480 1043 1665 3620 961 2089 1192 2591 485 1054 297 646---_r--shy861

r----Godak Male 2338 246 1052 3683 459 1963 612 2618 248 1061 158 676

-~_shy -----shy


-2073 - 1---shy - ---shy - ---shy

~67Both 10776 1334 1238 4719 4379 2234 2343 2174 1013 940 433 r-shy -----shy

2022-~18~89 --shy ---shy --


Female 5425 659 1215 2373 4374 1152 2124 1225 2258 459 846 216 398 1--shy


Both 6799 632 930 3645 1497 2202 1719 2528 697 1025 408 6001--_shy --shy ---_shy


Female 3375 316 936 1200 3556 776 2299 877 2599 321 951 201 596 ~---shy 1----shy - -



Panchthar



25-49

50-59



Female 2607 302 1158 1052 4035 542 2079 622 2386 238 913 153 587 1----- f---shy -----r-

Both 3378 339 1004 1253 3709 717 2123 826 2445 357 1057 225 666 r----shy f--shy --





Female 1754 174 992 638 3637 387 2206 439 2503 155 884 135 770 -shy f------r--shy


--shy

Female 2758 320 1160 1073 3891 589 2136 644 2335 280 1015 172 624 - --shy -shy --~---


Both 3918 569 1452 1741 4444 670 1710 901 2300 362 924 244 623 --shy -f---

4585 ----shy ---




Female 2239 285 1273 920 4109 469 2095 525 2345 215 960 110 491 -~


Both 2378 311 1308 982 444 1867 510 2145 262 1102 180 757


Female 1234 143 1159 503 4076 236 1912 259 2099 148 1199 88 713 ~----- -shy f----- -shy f--


_---1---shyFemale 2255 261 1157 604 2678 473 2098 573 2541 149 661 195 865

_--shy --shy 4146Both 3970 509 1282 1646 784 865 2179 433 1091 242 610 246-1284

-----shy ----c--Siwa Male 1916 801 4181 365 1905 393 2051 229 1195 128 668



Both 4133 569 1377 1721 4164 789 1909 883 2136 431 1043 309 748-f--shy ---



Female 277 1291 865 4031 423 1971 484 2255 216 1007 158 736 ~-- --shy

3563Both 13652 1579 1157 5279 3867 3043 2229 2610 1169 856 598 438 Phidim

Male 6854 787 1148 2669 3894 1419 2070 1836 2679 618 902 312 455 ----~---








Female 3708 496 1338 1585 4275 697 1880 861 2322 326 879 239 645 ---shy

1144 _-shy ----_--shy -----shy -shy

822Both 5316 608 2171 4084 1037 1951 1180 2220 491 924 437

Subhan Male 2602 324 1245 1114 4281 482 1852 543 2087 234 899 229 880

Female 2714 284 1046 1057 3895 555 2045 637 2347 257 947 208 766 -----shy

Both 7743 1033 1334 3351 4328 1450 1873 1724 2227 645 833 573 740 --


Female 4000 502 1255 1704 4260 760 1900 906 2265 330 825 300 750 ------


---------shy

Both 3798 455 11 98 1473 2262 376 990 346 911


Female 1987 234 1178 751 _ 2295 196 986 179 901 --shy --shy

Source CBS 2001



Report



31 The Assignment

























34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I


I


A Abbreviations

Angle tower I CFUG





bull GON Households

IDA Hhs


KCTLP INPS





bull PSIS


WB World Bank

B Definitions








11 Proponent



















LEGEND

-~


IIyeneIII

















3261 Bear








45 0 80 32

i

bull 42 Wind Loads


of I I





I j




























15

Substations IHubs







1612 Line Bays


I

I




II

I am Hub






Kabeli Hub









Jhapa District

Lakhanpur 13911 2723 511 6715 4827 7196 5173 1 107

lIam District

Bajho 7324 1308 560 3717 5075 3607 4925 1 097

Chulachuli 18176 3349 543 9018 4961 9158 5039 1 102

Mahamai 10776 1964 549 5351 4966 5425 5034 1 101

Danabari 12693 2400 529 6351 5004 6342 4996 1 100

Chisapani 4923 935 527 2473 5023 2450 4977 1 099

Sopak 3378 619 546 1712 5068 1666 4932 1 097

Godak 4600 924 498 2338 5083 2262 4917 1 097

Sidhithumka 3454 676 511 1700 4922 1754 5078 1 103

Sangrumba 5497 1048 525 2739 4983 2758 5017 1 101

Mangalbare 6799 1281 531 3424 5036 3375 4964 1 099

Ektappa 4875 918 531 2374 4870 2501 5130 1 105

Chameta 6210 1082 574 3049 4910 3161 5090 1 104

Phakphok 5288 906 584 2681 5070 2607 4930 1 097

Panchthar District

Chilindin 3918 72700 539 1928 4921 1990 5079 1 103

Pauwasartap 4322 80100 540 2083 4820 2239 5180 1 107






Subhan 5316 95400 557 2602 4895 2714 5105 1 104

Amarpur 7743 137500 563 3743 4834 4000 5166 1 107

Terhathum District

Chhatedunga 3798 695 546 1811 4768 1987 5232 1 110

Total 168747 31609 I 534 83360 4940 85387 5060 1 110

Source CBS 2001




AGE GROUPS District

GENDER TOTALVDC

Jhapa


Female 7196 610 848 2276 3163 1736 2412 1809 2514 866 1203 509 707


58~ ~Both 18176 1930 1062 5263 2896 4147 2282 4720 2597 1052 579 1064 9018

~



Both 6210 733 1180 2626 4229 1266 2039 1433 2308 539 868 346 557 shy shy__-r--ro7-~19 ---



2474 ----shy

Both 4923 545 1107 1912 3884 1048 2129 1218 465 945 280 569

Chisapani -shy

Male 2473-1--271 1096 951 3846 515 2082 619 2503 239 966 149 603



Both 12693 1412 1112 5220 4113 2622 2066 3039 2394 1211 954 601 473 ~- -


Female 6342 719 1134 2630 4147 1331 2099 1543 2433 559 881 279 440 shyf 556


Both 4875 1141 1900 3897 1017 2086 1140 2338 457 937 361 741 ----shy _- 1---shy --shyf--971


--shy --shy


Both 4600 480 1043 1665 3620 961 2089 1192 2591 485 1054 297 646---_r--shy861

r----Godak Male 2338 246 1052 3683 459 1963 612 2618 248 1061 158 676

-~_shy -----shy


-2073 - 1---shy - ---shy - ---shy

~67Both 10776 1334 1238 4719 4379 2234 2343 2174 1013 940 433 r-shy -----shy

2022-~18~89 --shy ---shy --


Female 5425 659 1215 2373 4374 1152 2124 1225 2258 459 846 216 398 1--shy


Both 6799 632 930 3645 1497 2202 1719 2528 697 1025 408 6001--_shy --shy ---_shy


Female 3375 316 936 1200 3556 776 2299 877 2599 321 951 201 596 ~---shy 1----shy - -



Panchthar



25-49

50-59



Female 2607 302 1158 1052 4035 542 2079 622 2386 238 913 153 587 1----- f---shy -----r-

Both 3378 339 1004 1253 3709 717 2123 826 2445 357 1057 225 666 r----shy f--shy --





Female 1754 174 992 638 3637 387 2206 439 2503 155 884 135 770 -shy f------r--shy


--shy

Female 2758 320 1160 1073 3891 589 2136 644 2335 280 1015 172 624 - --shy -shy --~---


Both 3918 569 1452 1741 4444 670 1710 901 2300 362 924 244 623 --shy -f---

4585 ----shy ---




Female 2239 285 1273 920 4109 469 2095 525 2345 215 960 110 491 -~


Both 2378 311 1308 982 444 1867 510 2145 262 1102 180 757


Female 1234 143 1159 503 4076 236 1912 259 2099 148 1199 88 713 ~----- -shy f----- -shy f--


_---1---shyFemale 2255 261 1157 604 2678 473 2098 573 2541 149 661 195 865

_--shy --shy 4146Both 3970 509 1282 1646 784 865 2179 433 1091 242 610 246-1284

-----shy ----c--Siwa Male 1916 801 4181 365 1905 393 2051 229 1195 128 668



Both 4133 569 1377 1721 4164 789 1909 883 2136 431 1043 309 748-f--shy ---



Female 277 1291 865 4031 423 1971 484 2255 216 1007 158 736 ~-- --shy

3563Both 13652 1579 1157 5279 3867 3043 2229 2610 1169 856 598 438 Phidim

Male 6854 787 1148 2669 3894 1419 2070 1836 2679 618 902 312 455 ----~---








Female 3708 496 1338 1585 4275 697 1880 861 2322 326 879 239 645 ---shy

1144 _-shy ----_--shy -----shy -shy

822Both 5316 608 2171 4084 1037 1951 1180 2220 491 924 437

Subhan Male 2602 324 1245 1114 4281 482 1852 543 2087 234 899 229 880

Female 2714 284 1046 1057 3895 555 2045 637 2347 257 947 208 766 -----shy

Both 7743 1033 1334 3351 4328 1450 1873 1724 2227 645 833 573 740 --


Female 4000 502 1255 1704 4260 760 1900 906 2265 330 825 300 750 ------


---------shy

Both 3798 455 11 98 1473 2262 376 990 346 911


Female 1987 234 1178 751 _ 2295 196 986 179 901 --shy --shy

Source CBS 2001



Report



31 The Assignment

























34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I



11 Proponent



















LEGEND

-~


IIyeneIII

















3261 Bear








45 0 80 32

i

bull 42 Wind Loads


of I I





I j




























15

Substations IHubs







1612 Line Bays


I

I




II

I am Hub






Kabeli Hub









Jhapa District

Lakhanpur 13911 2723 511 6715 4827 7196 5173 1 107

lIam District

Bajho 7324 1308 560 3717 5075 3607 4925 1 097

Chulachuli 18176 3349 543 9018 4961 9158 5039 1 102

Mahamai 10776 1964 549 5351 4966 5425 5034 1 101

Danabari 12693 2400 529 6351 5004 6342 4996 1 100

Chisapani 4923 935 527 2473 5023 2450 4977 1 099

Sopak 3378 619 546 1712 5068 1666 4932 1 097

Godak 4600 924 498 2338 5083 2262 4917 1 097

Sidhithumka 3454 676 511 1700 4922 1754 5078 1 103

Sangrumba 5497 1048 525 2739 4983 2758 5017 1 101

Mangalbare 6799 1281 531 3424 5036 3375 4964 1 099

Ektappa 4875 918 531 2374 4870 2501 5130 1 105

Chameta 6210 1082 574 3049 4910 3161 5090 1 104

Phakphok 5288 906 584 2681 5070 2607 4930 1 097

Panchthar District

Chilindin 3918 72700 539 1928 4921 1990 5079 1 103

Pauwasartap 4322 80100 540 2083 4820 2239 5180 1 107






Subhan 5316 95400 557 2602 4895 2714 5105 1 104

Amarpur 7743 137500 563 3743 4834 4000 5166 1 107

Terhathum District

Chhatedunga 3798 695 546 1811 4768 1987 5232 1 110

Total 168747 31609 I 534 83360 4940 85387 5060 1 110

Source CBS 2001




AGE GROUPS District

GENDER TOTALVDC

Jhapa


Female 7196 610 848 2276 3163 1736 2412 1809 2514 866 1203 509 707


58~ ~Both 18176 1930 1062 5263 2896 4147 2282 4720 2597 1052 579 1064 9018

~



Both 6210 733 1180 2626 4229 1266 2039 1433 2308 539 868 346 557 shy shy__-r--ro7-~19 ---



2474 ----shy

Both 4923 545 1107 1912 3884 1048 2129 1218 465 945 280 569

Chisapani -shy

Male 2473-1--271 1096 951 3846 515 2082 619 2503 239 966 149 603



Both 12693 1412 1112 5220 4113 2622 2066 3039 2394 1211 954 601 473 ~- -


Female 6342 719 1134 2630 4147 1331 2099 1543 2433 559 881 279 440 shyf 556


Both 4875 1141 1900 3897 1017 2086 1140 2338 457 937 361 741 ----shy _- 1---shy --shyf--971


--shy --shy


Both 4600 480 1043 1665 3620 961 2089 1192 2591 485 1054 297 646---_r--shy861

r----Godak Male 2338 246 1052 3683 459 1963 612 2618 248 1061 158 676

-~_shy -----shy


-2073 - 1---shy - ---shy - ---shy

~67Both 10776 1334 1238 4719 4379 2234 2343 2174 1013 940 433 r-shy -----shy

2022-~18~89 --shy ---shy --


Female 5425 659 1215 2373 4374 1152 2124 1225 2258 459 846 216 398 1--shy


Both 6799 632 930 3645 1497 2202 1719 2528 697 1025 408 6001--_shy --shy ---_shy


Female 3375 316 936 1200 3556 776 2299 877 2599 321 951 201 596 ~---shy 1----shy - -



Panchthar



25-49

50-59



Female 2607 302 1158 1052 4035 542 2079 622 2386 238 913 153 587 1----- f---shy -----r-

Both 3378 339 1004 1253 3709 717 2123 826 2445 357 1057 225 666 r----shy f--shy --





Female 1754 174 992 638 3637 387 2206 439 2503 155 884 135 770 -shy f------r--shy


--shy

Female 2758 320 1160 1073 3891 589 2136 644 2335 280 1015 172 624 - --shy -shy --~---


Both 3918 569 1452 1741 4444 670 1710 901 2300 362 924 244 623 --shy -f---

4585 ----shy ---




Female 2239 285 1273 920 4109 469 2095 525 2345 215 960 110 491 -~


Both 2378 311 1308 982 444 1867 510 2145 262 1102 180 757


Female 1234 143 1159 503 4076 236 1912 259 2099 148 1199 88 713 ~----- -shy f----- -shy f--


_---1---shyFemale 2255 261 1157 604 2678 473 2098 573 2541 149 661 195 865

_--shy --shy 4146Both 3970 509 1282 1646 784 865 2179 433 1091 242 610 246-1284

-----shy ----c--Siwa Male 1916 801 4181 365 1905 393 2051 229 1195 128 668



Both 4133 569 1377 1721 4164 789 1909 883 2136 431 1043 309 748-f--shy ---



Female 277 1291 865 4031 423 1971 484 2255 216 1007 158 736 ~-- --shy

3563Both 13652 1579 1157 5279 3867 3043 2229 2610 1169 856 598 438 Phidim

Male 6854 787 1148 2669 3894 1419 2070 1836 2679 618 902 312 455 ----~---








Female 3708 496 1338 1585 4275 697 1880 861 2322 326 879 239 645 ---shy

1144 _-shy ----_--shy -----shy -shy

822Both 5316 608 2171 4084 1037 1951 1180 2220 491 924 437

Subhan Male 2602 324 1245 1114 4281 482 1852 543 2087 234 899 229 880

Female 2714 284 1046 1057 3895 555 2045 637 2347 257 947 208 766 -----shy

Both 7743 1033 1334 3351 4328 1450 1873 1724 2227 645 833 573 740 --


Female 4000 502 1255 1704 4260 760 1900 906 2265 330 825 300 750 ------


---------shy

Both 3798 455 11 98 1473 2262 376 990 346 911


Female 1987 234 1178 751 _ 2295 196 986 179 901 --shy --shy

Source CBS 2001



Report



31 The Assignment

























34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I












LEGEND

-~


IIyeneIII

















3261 Bear








45 0 80 32

i

bull 42 Wind Loads


of I I





I j




























15

Substations IHubs







1612 Line Bays


I

I




II

I am Hub






Kabeli Hub









Jhapa District

Lakhanpur 13911 2723 511 6715 4827 7196 5173 1 107

lIam District

Bajho 7324 1308 560 3717 5075 3607 4925 1 097

Chulachuli 18176 3349 543 9018 4961 9158 5039 1 102

Mahamai 10776 1964 549 5351 4966 5425 5034 1 101

Danabari 12693 2400 529 6351 5004 6342 4996 1 100

Chisapani 4923 935 527 2473 5023 2450 4977 1 099

Sopak 3378 619 546 1712 5068 1666 4932 1 097

Godak 4600 924 498 2338 5083 2262 4917 1 097

Sidhithumka 3454 676 511 1700 4922 1754 5078 1 103

Sangrumba 5497 1048 525 2739 4983 2758 5017 1 101

Mangalbare 6799 1281 531 3424 5036 3375 4964 1 099

Ektappa 4875 918 531 2374 4870 2501 5130 1 105

Chameta 6210 1082 574 3049 4910 3161 5090 1 104

Phakphok 5288 906 584 2681 5070 2607 4930 1 097

Panchthar District

Chilindin 3918 72700 539 1928 4921 1990 5079 1 103

Pauwasartap 4322 80100 540 2083 4820 2239 5180 1 107






Subhan 5316 95400 557 2602 4895 2714 5105 1 104

Amarpur 7743 137500 563 3743 4834 4000 5166 1 107

Terhathum District

Chhatedunga 3798 695 546 1811 4768 1987 5232 1 110

Total 168747 31609 I 534 83360 4940 85387 5060 1 110

Source CBS 2001




AGE GROUPS District

GENDER TOTALVDC

Jhapa


Female 7196 610 848 2276 3163 1736 2412 1809 2514 866 1203 509 707


58~ ~Both 18176 1930 1062 5263 2896 4147 2282 4720 2597 1052 579 1064 9018

~



Both 6210 733 1180 2626 4229 1266 2039 1433 2308 539 868 346 557 shy shy__-r--ro7-~19 ---



2474 ----shy

Both 4923 545 1107 1912 3884 1048 2129 1218 465 945 280 569

Chisapani -shy

Male 2473-1--271 1096 951 3846 515 2082 619 2503 239 966 149 603



Both 12693 1412 1112 5220 4113 2622 2066 3039 2394 1211 954 601 473 ~- -


Female 6342 719 1134 2630 4147 1331 2099 1543 2433 559 881 279 440 shyf 556


Both 4875 1141 1900 3897 1017 2086 1140 2338 457 937 361 741 ----shy _- 1---shy --shyf--971


--shy --shy


Both 4600 480 1043 1665 3620 961 2089 1192 2591 485 1054 297 646---_r--shy861

r----Godak Male 2338 246 1052 3683 459 1963 612 2618 248 1061 158 676

-~_shy -----shy


-2073 - 1---shy - ---shy - ---shy

~67Both 10776 1334 1238 4719 4379 2234 2343 2174 1013 940 433 r-shy -----shy

2022-~18~89 --shy ---shy --


Female 5425 659 1215 2373 4374 1152 2124 1225 2258 459 846 216 398 1--shy


Both 6799 632 930 3645 1497 2202 1719 2528 697 1025 408 6001--_shy --shy ---_shy


Female 3375 316 936 1200 3556 776 2299 877 2599 321 951 201 596 ~---shy 1----shy - -



Panchthar



25-49

50-59



Female 2607 302 1158 1052 4035 542 2079 622 2386 238 913 153 587 1----- f---shy -----r-

Both 3378 339 1004 1253 3709 717 2123 826 2445 357 1057 225 666 r----shy f--shy --





Female 1754 174 992 638 3637 387 2206 439 2503 155 884 135 770 -shy f------r--shy


--shy

Female 2758 320 1160 1073 3891 589 2136 644 2335 280 1015 172 624 - --shy -shy --~---


Both 3918 569 1452 1741 4444 670 1710 901 2300 362 924 244 623 --shy -f---

4585 ----shy ---




Female 2239 285 1273 920 4109 469 2095 525 2345 215 960 110 491 -~


Both 2378 311 1308 982 444 1867 510 2145 262 1102 180 757


Female 1234 143 1159 503 4076 236 1912 259 2099 148 1199 88 713 ~----- -shy f----- -shy f--


_---1---shyFemale 2255 261 1157 604 2678 473 2098 573 2541 149 661 195 865

_--shy --shy 4146Both 3970 509 1282 1646 784 865 2179 433 1091 242 610 246-1284

-----shy ----c--Siwa Male 1916 801 4181 365 1905 393 2051 229 1195 128 668



Both 4133 569 1377 1721 4164 789 1909 883 2136 431 1043 309 748-f--shy ---



Female 277 1291 865 4031 423 1971 484 2255 216 1007 158 736 ~-- --shy

3563Both 13652 1579 1157 5279 3867 3043 2229 2610 1169 856 598 438 Phidim

Male 6854 787 1148 2669 3894 1419 2070 1836 2679 618 902 312 455 ----~---








Female 3708 496 1338 1585 4275 697 1880 861 2322 326 879 239 645 ---shy

1144 _-shy ----_--shy -----shy -shy

822Both 5316 608 2171 4084 1037 1951 1180 2220 491 924 437

Subhan Male 2602 324 1245 1114 4281 482 1852 543 2087 234 899 229 880

Female 2714 284 1046 1057 3895 555 2045 637 2347 257 947 208 766 -----shy

Both 7743 1033 1334 3351 4328 1450 1873 1724 2227 645 833 573 740 --


Female 4000 502 1255 1704 4260 760 1900 906 2265 330 825 300 750 ------


---------shy

Both 3798 455 11 98 1473 2262 376 990 346 911


Female 1987 234 1178 751 _ 2295 196 986 179 901 --shy --shy

Source CBS 2001



Report



31 The Assignment

























34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I
















3261 Bear








45 0 80 32

i

bull 42 Wind Loads


of I I





I j




























15

Substations IHubs







1612 Line Bays


I

I




II

I am Hub






Kabeli Hub









Jhapa District

Lakhanpur 13911 2723 511 6715 4827 7196 5173 1 107

lIam District

Bajho 7324 1308 560 3717 5075 3607 4925 1 097

Chulachuli 18176 3349 543 9018 4961 9158 5039 1 102

Mahamai 10776 1964 549 5351 4966 5425 5034 1 101

Danabari 12693 2400 529 6351 5004 6342 4996 1 100

Chisapani 4923 935 527 2473 5023 2450 4977 1 099

Sopak 3378 619 546 1712 5068 1666 4932 1 097

Godak 4600 924 498 2338 5083 2262 4917 1 097

Sidhithumka 3454 676 511 1700 4922 1754 5078 1 103

Sangrumba 5497 1048 525 2739 4983 2758 5017 1 101

Mangalbare 6799 1281 531 3424 5036 3375 4964 1 099

Ektappa 4875 918 531 2374 4870 2501 5130 1 105

Chameta 6210 1082 574 3049 4910 3161 5090 1 104

Phakphok 5288 906 584 2681 5070 2607 4930 1 097

Panchthar District

Chilindin 3918 72700 539 1928 4921 1990 5079 1 103

Pauwasartap 4322 80100 540 2083 4820 2239 5180 1 107






Subhan 5316 95400 557 2602 4895 2714 5105 1 104

Amarpur 7743 137500 563 3743 4834 4000 5166 1 107

Terhathum District

Chhatedunga 3798 695 546 1811 4768 1987 5232 1 110

Total 168747 31609 I 534 83360 4940 85387 5060 1 110

Source CBS 2001




AGE GROUPS District

GENDER TOTALVDC

Jhapa


Female 7196 610 848 2276 3163 1736 2412 1809 2514 866 1203 509 707


58~ ~Both 18176 1930 1062 5263 2896 4147 2282 4720 2597 1052 579 1064 9018

~



Both 6210 733 1180 2626 4229 1266 2039 1433 2308 539 868 346 557 shy shy__-r--ro7-~19 ---



2474 ----shy

Both 4923 545 1107 1912 3884 1048 2129 1218 465 945 280 569

Chisapani -shy

Male 2473-1--271 1096 951 3846 515 2082 619 2503 239 966 149 603



Both 12693 1412 1112 5220 4113 2622 2066 3039 2394 1211 954 601 473 ~- -


Female 6342 719 1134 2630 4147 1331 2099 1543 2433 559 881 279 440 shyf 556


Both 4875 1141 1900 3897 1017 2086 1140 2338 457 937 361 741 ----shy _- 1---shy --shyf--971


--shy --shy


Both 4600 480 1043 1665 3620 961 2089 1192 2591 485 1054 297 646---_r--shy861

r----Godak Male 2338 246 1052 3683 459 1963 612 2618 248 1061 158 676

-~_shy -----shy


-2073 - 1---shy - ---shy - ---shy

~67Both 10776 1334 1238 4719 4379 2234 2343 2174 1013 940 433 r-shy -----shy

2022-~18~89 --shy ---shy --


Female 5425 659 1215 2373 4374 1152 2124 1225 2258 459 846 216 398 1--shy


Both 6799 632 930 3645 1497 2202 1719 2528 697 1025 408 6001--_shy --shy ---_shy


Female 3375 316 936 1200 3556 776 2299 877 2599 321 951 201 596 ~---shy 1----shy - -



Panchthar



25-49

50-59



Female 2607 302 1158 1052 4035 542 2079 622 2386 238 913 153 587 1----- f---shy -----r-

Both 3378 339 1004 1253 3709 717 2123 826 2445 357 1057 225 666 r----shy f--shy --





Female 1754 174 992 638 3637 387 2206 439 2503 155 884 135 770 -shy f------r--shy


--shy

Female 2758 320 1160 1073 3891 589 2136 644 2335 280 1015 172 624 - --shy -shy --~---


Both 3918 569 1452 1741 4444 670 1710 901 2300 362 924 244 623 --shy -f---

4585 ----shy ---




Female 2239 285 1273 920 4109 469 2095 525 2345 215 960 110 491 -~


Both 2378 311 1308 982 444 1867 510 2145 262 1102 180 757


Female 1234 143 1159 503 4076 236 1912 259 2099 148 1199 88 713 ~----- -shy f----- -shy f--


_---1---shyFemale 2255 261 1157 604 2678 473 2098 573 2541 149 661 195 865

_--shy --shy 4146Both 3970 509 1282 1646 784 865 2179 433 1091 242 610 246-1284

-----shy ----c--Siwa Male 1916 801 4181 365 1905 393 2051 229 1195 128 668



Both 4133 569 1377 1721 4164 789 1909 883 2136 431 1043 309 748-f--shy ---



Female 277 1291 865 4031 423 1971 484 2255 216 1007 158 736 ~-- --shy

3563Both 13652 1579 1157 5279 3867 3043 2229 2610 1169 856 598 438 Phidim

Male 6854 787 1148 2669 3894 1419 2070 1836 2679 618 902 312 455 ----~---








Female 3708 496 1338 1585 4275 697 1880 861 2322 326 879 239 645 ---shy

1144 _-shy ----_--shy -----shy -shy

822Both 5316 608 2171 4084 1037 1951 1180 2220 491 924 437

Subhan Male 2602 324 1245 1114 4281 482 1852 543 2087 234 899 229 880

Female 2714 284 1046 1057 3895 555 2045 637 2347 257 947 208 766 -----shy

Both 7743 1033 1334 3351 4328 1450 1873 1724 2227 645 833 573 740 --


Female 4000 502 1255 1704 4260 760 1900 906 2265 330 825 300 750 ------


---------shy

Both 3798 455 11 98 1473 2262 376 990 346 911


Female 1987 234 1178 751 _ 2295 196 986 179 901 --shy --shy

Source CBS 2001



Report



31 The Assignment

























34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I




I j




























15

Substations IHubs







1612 Line Bays


I

I




II

I am Hub






Kabeli Hub









Jhapa District

Lakhanpur 13911 2723 511 6715 4827 7196 5173 1 107

lIam District

Bajho 7324 1308 560 3717 5075 3607 4925 1 097

Chulachuli 18176 3349 543 9018 4961 9158 5039 1 102

Mahamai 10776 1964 549 5351 4966 5425 5034 1 101

Danabari 12693 2400 529 6351 5004 6342 4996 1 100

Chisapani 4923 935 527 2473 5023 2450 4977 1 099

Sopak 3378 619 546 1712 5068 1666 4932 1 097

Godak 4600 924 498 2338 5083 2262 4917 1 097

Sidhithumka 3454 676 511 1700 4922 1754 5078 1 103

Sangrumba 5497 1048 525 2739 4983 2758 5017 1 101

Mangalbare 6799 1281 531 3424 5036 3375 4964 1 099

Ektappa 4875 918 531 2374 4870 2501 5130 1 105

Chameta 6210 1082 574 3049 4910 3161 5090 1 104

Phakphok 5288 906 584 2681 5070 2607 4930 1 097

Panchthar District

Chilindin 3918 72700 539 1928 4921 1990 5079 1 103

Pauwasartap 4322 80100 540 2083 4820 2239 5180 1 107






Subhan 5316 95400 557 2602 4895 2714 5105 1 104

Amarpur 7743 137500 563 3743 4834 4000 5166 1 107

Terhathum District

Chhatedunga 3798 695 546 1811 4768 1987 5232 1 110

Total 168747 31609 I 534 83360 4940 85387 5060 1 110

Source CBS 2001




AGE GROUPS District

GENDER TOTALVDC

Jhapa


Female 7196 610 848 2276 3163 1736 2412 1809 2514 866 1203 509 707


58~ ~Both 18176 1930 1062 5263 2896 4147 2282 4720 2597 1052 579 1064 9018

~



Both 6210 733 1180 2626 4229 1266 2039 1433 2308 539 868 346 557 shy shy__-r--ro7-~19 ---



2474 ----shy

Both 4923 545 1107 1912 3884 1048 2129 1218 465 945 280 569

Chisapani -shy

Male 2473-1--271 1096 951 3846 515 2082 619 2503 239 966 149 603



Both 12693 1412 1112 5220 4113 2622 2066 3039 2394 1211 954 601 473 ~- -


Female 6342 719 1134 2630 4147 1331 2099 1543 2433 559 881 279 440 shyf 556


Both 4875 1141 1900 3897 1017 2086 1140 2338 457 937 361 741 ----shy _- 1---shy --shyf--971


--shy --shy


Both 4600 480 1043 1665 3620 961 2089 1192 2591 485 1054 297 646---_r--shy861

r----Godak Male 2338 246 1052 3683 459 1963 612 2618 248 1061 158 676

-~_shy -----shy


-2073 - 1---shy - ---shy - ---shy

~67Both 10776 1334 1238 4719 4379 2234 2343 2174 1013 940 433 r-shy -----shy

2022-~18~89 --shy ---shy --


Female 5425 659 1215 2373 4374 1152 2124 1225 2258 459 846 216 398 1--shy


Both 6799 632 930 3645 1497 2202 1719 2528 697 1025 408 6001--_shy --shy ---_shy


Female 3375 316 936 1200 3556 776 2299 877 2599 321 951 201 596 ~---shy 1----shy - -



Panchthar



25-49

50-59



Female 2607 302 1158 1052 4035 542 2079 622 2386 238 913 153 587 1----- f---shy -----r-

Both 3378 339 1004 1253 3709 717 2123 826 2445 357 1057 225 666 r----shy f--shy --





Female 1754 174 992 638 3637 387 2206 439 2503 155 884 135 770 -shy f------r--shy


--shy

Female 2758 320 1160 1073 3891 589 2136 644 2335 280 1015 172 624 - --shy -shy --~---


Both 3918 569 1452 1741 4444 670 1710 901 2300 362 924 244 623 --shy -f---

4585 ----shy ---




Female 2239 285 1273 920 4109 469 2095 525 2345 215 960 110 491 -~


Both 2378 311 1308 982 444 1867 510 2145 262 1102 180 757


Female 1234 143 1159 503 4076 236 1912 259 2099 148 1199 88 713 ~----- -shy f----- -shy f--


_---1---shyFemale 2255 261 1157 604 2678 473 2098 573 2541 149 661 195 865

_--shy --shy 4146Both 3970 509 1282 1646 784 865 2179 433 1091 242 610 246-1284

-----shy ----c--Siwa Male 1916 801 4181 365 1905 393 2051 229 1195 128 668



Both 4133 569 1377 1721 4164 789 1909 883 2136 431 1043 309 748-f--shy ---



Female 277 1291 865 4031 423 1971 484 2255 216 1007 158 736 ~-- --shy

3563Both 13652 1579 1157 5279 3867 3043 2229 2610 1169 856 598 438 Phidim

Male 6854 787 1148 2669 3894 1419 2070 1836 2679 618 902 312 455 ----~---








Female 3708 496 1338 1585 4275 697 1880 861 2322 326 879 239 645 ---shy

1144 _-shy ----_--shy -----shy -shy

822Both 5316 608 2171 4084 1037 1951 1180 2220 491 924 437

Subhan Male 2602 324 1245 1114 4281 482 1852 543 2087 234 899 229 880

Female 2714 284 1046 1057 3895 555 2045 637 2347 257 947 208 766 -----shy

Both 7743 1033 1334 3351 4328 1450 1873 1724 2227 645 833 573 740 --


Female 4000 502 1255 1704 4260 760 1900 906 2265 330 825 300 750 ------


---------shy

Both 3798 455 11 98 1473 2262 376 990 346 911


Female 1987 234 1178 751 _ 2295 196 986 179 901 --shy --shy

Source CBS 2001



Report



31 The Assignment

























34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I


I

I




II

I am Hub






Kabeli Hub









Jhapa District

Lakhanpur 13911 2723 511 6715 4827 7196 5173 1 107

lIam District

Bajho 7324 1308 560 3717 5075 3607 4925 1 097

Chulachuli 18176 3349 543 9018 4961 9158 5039 1 102

Mahamai 10776 1964 549 5351 4966 5425 5034 1 101

Danabari 12693 2400 529 6351 5004 6342 4996 1 100

Chisapani 4923 935 527 2473 5023 2450 4977 1 099

Sopak 3378 619 546 1712 5068 1666 4932 1 097

Godak 4600 924 498 2338 5083 2262 4917 1 097

Sidhithumka 3454 676 511 1700 4922 1754 5078 1 103

Sangrumba 5497 1048 525 2739 4983 2758 5017 1 101

Mangalbare 6799 1281 531 3424 5036 3375 4964 1 099

Ektappa 4875 918 531 2374 4870 2501 5130 1 105

Chameta 6210 1082 574 3049 4910 3161 5090 1 104

Phakphok 5288 906 584 2681 5070 2607 4930 1 097

Panchthar District

Chilindin 3918 72700 539 1928 4921 1990 5079 1 103

Pauwasartap 4322 80100 540 2083 4820 2239 5180 1 107






Subhan 5316 95400 557 2602 4895 2714 5105 1 104

Amarpur 7743 137500 563 3743 4834 4000 5166 1 107

Terhathum District

Chhatedunga 3798 695 546 1811 4768 1987 5232 1 110

Total 168747 31609 I 534 83360 4940 85387 5060 1 110

Source CBS 2001




AGE GROUPS District

GENDER TOTALVDC

Jhapa


Female 7196 610 848 2276 3163 1736 2412 1809 2514 866 1203 509 707


58~ ~Both 18176 1930 1062 5263 2896 4147 2282 4720 2597 1052 579 1064 9018

~



Both 6210 733 1180 2626 4229 1266 2039 1433 2308 539 868 346 557 shy shy__-r--ro7-~19 ---



2474 ----shy

Both 4923 545 1107 1912 3884 1048 2129 1218 465 945 280 569

Chisapani -shy

Male 2473-1--271 1096 951 3846 515 2082 619 2503 239 966 149 603



Both 12693 1412 1112 5220 4113 2622 2066 3039 2394 1211 954 601 473 ~- -


Female 6342 719 1134 2630 4147 1331 2099 1543 2433 559 881 279 440 shyf 556


Both 4875 1141 1900 3897 1017 2086 1140 2338 457 937 361 741 ----shy _- 1---shy --shyf--971


--shy --shy


Both 4600 480 1043 1665 3620 961 2089 1192 2591 485 1054 297 646---_r--shy861

r----Godak Male 2338 246 1052 3683 459 1963 612 2618 248 1061 158 676

-~_shy -----shy


-2073 - 1---shy - ---shy - ---shy

~67Both 10776 1334 1238 4719 4379 2234 2343 2174 1013 940 433 r-shy -----shy

2022-~18~89 --shy ---shy --


Female 5425 659 1215 2373 4374 1152 2124 1225 2258 459 846 216 398 1--shy


Both 6799 632 930 3645 1497 2202 1719 2528 697 1025 408 6001--_shy --shy ---_shy


Female 3375 316 936 1200 3556 776 2299 877 2599 321 951 201 596 ~---shy 1----shy - -



Panchthar



25-49

50-59



Female 2607 302 1158 1052 4035 542 2079 622 2386 238 913 153 587 1----- f---shy -----r-

Both 3378 339 1004 1253 3709 717 2123 826 2445 357 1057 225 666 r----shy f--shy --





Female 1754 174 992 638 3637 387 2206 439 2503 155 884 135 770 -shy f------r--shy


--shy

Female 2758 320 1160 1073 3891 589 2136 644 2335 280 1015 172 624 - --shy -shy --~---


Both 3918 569 1452 1741 4444 670 1710 901 2300 362 924 244 623 --shy -f---

4585 ----shy ---




Female 2239 285 1273 920 4109 469 2095 525 2345 215 960 110 491 -~


Both 2378 311 1308 982 444 1867 510 2145 262 1102 180 757


Female 1234 143 1159 503 4076 236 1912 259 2099 148 1199 88 713 ~----- -shy f----- -shy f--


_---1---shyFemale 2255 261 1157 604 2678 473 2098 573 2541 149 661 195 865

_--shy --shy 4146Both 3970 509 1282 1646 784 865 2179 433 1091 242 610 246-1284

-----shy ----c--Siwa Male 1916 801 4181 365 1905 393 2051 229 1195 128 668



Both 4133 569 1377 1721 4164 789 1909 883 2136 431 1043 309 748-f--shy ---



Female 277 1291 865 4031 423 1971 484 2255 216 1007 158 736 ~-- --shy

3563Both 13652 1579 1157 5279 3867 3043 2229 2610 1169 856 598 438 Phidim

Male 6854 787 1148 2669 3894 1419 2070 1836 2679 618 902 312 455 ----~---








Female 3708 496 1338 1585 4275 697 1880 861 2322 326 879 239 645 ---shy

1144 _-shy ----_--shy -----shy -shy

822Both 5316 608 2171 4084 1037 1951 1180 2220 491 924 437

Subhan Male 2602 324 1245 1114 4281 482 1852 543 2087 234 899 229 880

Female 2714 284 1046 1057 3895 555 2045 637 2347 257 947 208 766 -----shy

Both 7743 1033 1334 3351 4328 1450 1873 1724 2227 645 833 573 740 --


Female 4000 502 1255 1704 4260 760 1900 906 2265 330 825 300 750 ------


---------shy

Both 3798 455 11 98 1473 2262 376 990 346 911


Female 1987 234 1178 751 _ 2295 196 986 179 901 --shy --shy

Source CBS 2001



Report



31 The Assignment

























34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I






Subhan 5316 95400 557 2602 4895 2714 5105 1 104

Amarpur 7743 137500 563 3743 4834 4000 5166 1 107

Terhathum District

Chhatedunga 3798 695 546 1811 4768 1987 5232 1 110

Total 168747 31609 I 534 83360 4940 85387 5060 1 110

Source CBS 2001




AGE GROUPS District

GENDER TOTALVDC

Jhapa


Female 7196 610 848 2276 3163 1736 2412 1809 2514 866 1203 509 707


58~ ~Both 18176 1930 1062 5263 2896 4147 2282 4720 2597 1052 579 1064 9018

~



Both 6210 733 1180 2626 4229 1266 2039 1433 2308 539 868 346 557 shy shy__-r--ro7-~19 ---



2474 ----shy

Both 4923 545 1107 1912 3884 1048 2129 1218 465 945 280 569

Chisapani -shy

Male 2473-1--271 1096 951 3846 515 2082 619 2503 239 966 149 603



Both 12693 1412 1112 5220 4113 2622 2066 3039 2394 1211 954 601 473 ~- -


Female 6342 719 1134 2630 4147 1331 2099 1543 2433 559 881 279 440 shyf 556


Both 4875 1141 1900 3897 1017 2086 1140 2338 457 937 361 741 ----shy _- 1---shy --shyf--971


--shy --shy


Both 4600 480 1043 1665 3620 961 2089 1192 2591 485 1054 297 646---_r--shy861

r----Godak Male 2338 246 1052 3683 459 1963 612 2618 248 1061 158 676

-~_shy -----shy


-2073 - 1---shy - ---shy - ---shy

~67Both 10776 1334 1238 4719 4379 2234 2343 2174 1013 940 433 r-shy -----shy

2022-~18~89 --shy ---shy --


Female 5425 659 1215 2373 4374 1152 2124 1225 2258 459 846 216 398 1--shy


Both 6799 632 930 3645 1497 2202 1719 2528 697 1025 408 6001--_shy --shy ---_shy


Female 3375 316 936 1200 3556 776 2299 877 2599 321 951 201 596 ~---shy 1----shy - -



Panchthar



25-49

50-59



Female 2607 302 1158 1052 4035 542 2079 622 2386 238 913 153 587 1----- f---shy -----r-

Both 3378 339 1004 1253 3709 717 2123 826 2445 357 1057 225 666 r----shy f--shy --





Female 1754 174 992 638 3637 387 2206 439 2503 155 884 135 770 -shy f------r--shy


--shy

Female 2758 320 1160 1073 3891 589 2136 644 2335 280 1015 172 624 - --shy -shy --~---


Both 3918 569 1452 1741 4444 670 1710 901 2300 362 924 244 623 --shy -f---

4585 ----shy ---




Female 2239 285 1273 920 4109 469 2095 525 2345 215 960 110 491 -~


Both 2378 311 1308 982 444 1867 510 2145 262 1102 180 757


Female 1234 143 1159 503 4076 236 1912 259 2099 148 1199 88 713 ~----- -shy f----- -shy f--


_---1---shyFemale 2255 261 1157 604 2678 473 2098 573 2541 149 661 195 865

_--shy --shy 4146Both 3970 509 1282 1646 784 865 2179 433 1091 242 610 246-1284

-----shy ----c--Siwa Male 1916 801 4181 365 1905 393 2051 229 1195 128 668



Both 4133 569 1377 1721 4164 789 1909 883 2136 431 1043 309 748-f--shy ---



Female 277 1291 865 4031 423 1971 484 2255 216 1007 158 736 ~-- --shy

3563Both 13652 1579 1157 5279 3867 3043 2229 2610 1169 856 598 438 Phidim

Male 6854 787 1148 2669 3894 1419 2070 1836 2679 618 902 312 455 ----~---








Female 3708 496 1338 1585 4275 697 1880 861 2322 326 879 239 645 ---shy

1144 _-shy ----_--shy -----shy -shy

822Both 5316 608 2171 4084 1037 1951 1180 2220 491 924 437

Subhan Male 2602 324 1245 1114 4281 482 1852 543 2087 234 899 229 880

Female 2714 284 1046 1057 3895 555 2045 637 2347 257 947 208 766 -----shy

Both 7743 1033 1334 3351 4328 1450 1873 1724 2227 645 833 573 740 --


Female 4000 502 1255 1704 4260 760 1900 906 2265 330 825 300 750 ------


---------shy

Both 3798 455 11 98 1473 2262 376 990 346 911


Female 1987 234 1178 751 _ 2295 196 986 179 901 --shy --shy

Source CBS 2001



Report



31 The Assignment

























34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I



AGE GROUPS District

GENDER TOTALVDC

Jhapa


Female 7196 610 848 2276 3163 1736 2412 1809 2514 866 1203 509 707


58~ ~Both 18176 1930 1062 5263 2896 4147 2282 4720 2597 1052 579 1064 9018

~



Both 6210 733 1180 2626 4229 1266 2039 1433 2308 539 868 346 557 shy shy__-r--ro7-~19 ---



2474 ----shy

Both 4923 545 1107 1912 3884 1048 2129 1218 465 945 280 569

Chisapani -shy

Male 2473-1--271 1096 951 3846 515 2082 619 2503 239 966 149 603



Both 12693 1412 1112 5220 4113 2622 2066 3039 2394 1211 954 601 473 ~- -


Female 6342 719 1134 2630 4147 1331 2099 1543 2433 559 881 279 440 shyf 556


Both 4875 1141 1900 3897 1017 2086 1140 2338 457 937 361 741 ----shy _- 1---shy --shyf--971


--shy --shy


Both 4600 480 1043 1665 3620 961 2089 1192 2591 485 1054 297 646---_r--shy861

r----Godak Male 2338 246 1052 3683 459 1963 612 2618 248 1061 158 676

-~_shy -----shy


-2073 - 1---shy - ---shy - ---shy

~67Both 10776 1334 1238 4719 4379 2234 2343 2174 1013 940 433 r-shy -----shy

2022-~18~89 --shy ---shy --


Female 5425 659 1215 2373 4374 1152 2124 1225 2258 459 846 216 398 1--shy


Both 6799 632 930 3645 1497 2202 1719 2528 697 1025 408 6001--_shy --shy ---_shy


Female 3375 316 936 1200 3556 776 2299 877 2599 321 951 201 596 ~---shy 1----shy - -



Panchthar



25-49

50-59



Female 2607 302 1158 1052 4035 542 2079 622 2386 238 913 153 587 1----- f---shy -----r-

Both 3378 339 1004 1253 3709 717 2123 826 2445 357 1057 225 666 r----shy f--shy --





Female 1754 174 992 638 3637 387 2206 439 2503 155 884 135 770 -shy f------r--shy


--shy

Female 2758 320 1160 1073 3891 589 2136 644 2335 280 1015 172 624 - --shy -shy --~---


Both 3918 569 1452 1741 4444 670 1710 901 2300 362 924 244 623 --shy -f---

4585 ----shy ---




Female 2239 285 1273 920 4109 469 2095 525 2345 215 960 110 491 -~


Both 2378 311 1308 982 444 1867 510 2145 262 1102 180 757


Female 1234 143 1159 503 4076 236 1912 259 2099 148 1199 88 713 ~----- -shy f----- -shy f--


_---1---shyFemale 2255 261 1157 604 2678 473 2098 573 2541 149 661 195 865

_--shy --shy 4146Both 3970 509 1282 1646 784 865 2179 433 1091 242 610 246-1284

-----shy ----c--Siwa Male 1916 801 4181 365 1905 393 2051 229 1195 128 668



Both 4133 569 1377 1721 4164 789 1909 883 2136 431 1043 309 748-f--shy ---



Female 277 1291 865 4031 423 1971 484 2255 216 1007 158 736 ~-- --shy

3563Both 13652 1579 1157 5279 3867 3043 2229 2610 1169 856 598 438 Phidim

Male 6854 787 1148 2669 3894 1419 2070 1836 2679 618 902 312 455 ----~---








Female 3708 496 1338 1585 4275 697 1880 861 2322 326 879 239 645 ---shy

1144 _-shy ----_--shy -----shy -shy

822Both 5316 608 2171 4084 1037 1951 1180 2220 491 924 437

Subhan Male 2602 324 1245 1114 4281 482 1852 543 2087 234 899 229 880

Female 2714 284 1046 1057 3895 555 2045 637 2347 257 947 208 766 -----shy

Both 7743 1033 1334 3351 4328 1450 1873 1724 2227 645 833 573 740 --


Female 4000 502 1255 1704 4260 760 1900 906 2265 330 825 300 750 ------


---------shy

Both 3798 455 11 98 1473 2262 376 990 346 911


Female 1987 234 1178 751 _ 2295 196 986 179 901 --shy --shy

Source CBS 2001



Report



31 The Assignment

























34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I


Panchthar



25-49

50-59



Female 2607 302 1158 1052 4035 542 2079 622 2386 238 913 153 587 1----- f---shy -----r-

Both 3378 339 1004 1253 3709 717 2123 826 2445 357 1057 225 666 r----shy f--shy --





Female 1754 174 992 638 3637 387 2206 439 2503 155 884 135 770 -shy f------r--shy


--shy

Female 2758 320 1160 1073 3891 589 2136 644 2335 280 1015 172 624 - --shy -shy --~---


Both 3918 569 1452 1741 4444 670 1710 901 2300 362 924 244 623 --shy -f---

4585 ----shy ---




Female 2239 285 1273 920 4109 469 2095 525 2345 215 960 110 491 -~


Both 2378 311 1308 982 444 1867 510 2145 262 1102 180 757


Female 1234 143 1159 503 4076 236 1912 259 2099 148 1199 88 713 ~----- -shy f----- -shy f--


_---1---shyFemale 2255 261 1157 604 2678 473 2098 573 2541 149 661 195 865

_--shy --shy 4146Both 3970 509 1282 1646 784 865 2179 433 1091 242 610 246-1284

-----shy ----c--Siwa Male 1916 801 4181 365 1905 393 2051 229 1195 128 668



Both 4133 569 1377 1721 4164 789 1909 883 2136 431 1043 309 748-f--shy ---



Female 277 1291 865 4031 423 1971 484 2255 216 1007 158 736 ~-- --shy

3563Both 13652 1579 1157 5279 3867 3043 2229 2610 1169 856 598 438 Phidim

Male 6854 787 1148 2669 3894 1419 2070 1836 2679 618 902 312 455 ----~---








Female 3708 496 1338 1585 4275 697 1880 861 2322 326 879 239 645 ---shy

1144 _-shy ----_--shy -----shy -shy

822Both 5316 608 2171 4084 1037 1951 1180 2220 491 924 437

Subhan Male 2602 324 1245 1114 4281 482 1852 543 2087 234 899 229 880

Female 2714 284 1046 1057 3895 555 2045 637 2347 257 947 208 766 -----shy

Both 7743 1033 1334 3351 4328 1450 1873 1724 2227 645 833 573 740 --


Female 4000 502 1255 1704 4260 760 1900 906 2265 330 825 300 750 ------


---------shy

Both 3798 455 11 98 1473 2262 376 990 346 911


Female 1987 234 1178 751 _ 2295 196 986 179 901 --shy --shy

Source CBS 2001



Report



31 The Assignment

























34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I








Female 3708 496 1338 1585 4275 697 1880 861 2322 326 879 239 645 ---shy

1144 _-shy ----_--shy -----shy -shy

822Both 5316 608 2171 4084 1037 1951 1180 2220 491 924 437

Subhan Male 2602 324 1245 1114 4281 482 1852 543 2087 234 899 229 880

Female 2714 284 1046 1057 3895 555 2045 637 2347 257 947 208 766 -----shy

Both 7743 1033 1334 3351 4328 1450 1873 1724 2227 645 833 573 740 --


Female 4000 502 1255 1704 4260 760 1900 906 2265 330 825 300 750 ------


---------shy

Both 3798 455 11 98 1473 2262 376 990 346 911


Female 1987 234 1178 751 _ 2295 196 986 179 901 --shy --shy

Source CBS 2001



Report



31 The Assignment

























34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I



Report



31 The Assignment

























34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I












34 SIA Fieldwork






























Total 53






















































































Totals 1 19 26 5 51

4 2 Population




Districts


Male Population 341675 142434 99042 54932 638083



No of Households 137301 54565 37260 20682 249808


Area in sq Km 1606 1703 1241 679 4550


Source CBS 2001























d) Festivals

















































------- -------

-------



1 ECONOMYEMPLOYMENT









~




























--

--__shy









3 FOOD SUFFICIENCY





4 ENVIRONMENT






---





















-shy-----shy























6 EOUCA TION














------------------~-----


ANNEXES





I I I Angle ------

i








I


I I Siwa




Dependra I








I










I I i



- SanogaulBhorung









~~~~~--+-~~~~-~~~~~-----+~~~~-+--~---~



Annex 3



































Date

Facilitator



















functionsvalues
















District

1 Terathum

2 Panchthar f- shy

3 r-----

~ 6 I-i7 I-i8

9 i lIam r---t

10 f---i

11 I

r---t12 i

----l

P 14 I

----i 15 I

116l1171 181

1191







Siba 1 Siba Limbu 110 231 539 770 1 233















Totals i 1428 4063 5052 I 9092 1 124






A(1) Limbu













d) Festivals



Religion




Ritual occasions




Sacred sites































General perceptions



























Song and dance


Musical instruments


d) Festivals






Religion


Ritual occasions

See festivals above

Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage




Death










Self-Image





Nothing special


Land




Plants


Animals



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See below


Religion


Ritual occasions























Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions
























d) Festivals



Religion


Ritual occasions


Sacred sites





No data





No data



No data


No data





No data









Nothing distinctive

d) Festivals



Religion



Ritual occasions



Sacred sites






Birth


Marriage





Death












Land


Animals and plants



General perceptions


















d) Festivals

See above





Sacred sites








Nothing significant


Nothing Significant









General perceptions























d) Festivals





Sacred sites



See below


Birth



Marriage


Death















Land and water


Plants and animals




General perceptions
















Brahman - r-~ iL--- 27956 1582

3 Newar ~922 279 4 Gurung 1647 _~i

5 Teli 84 T 005

~-~~- -Its=~ 8 Lohar 28 002


15 Baniya 31 002

~~~~a_r--n=~~~ 18 Badhae ~___ ~1




23 Tarai 31 002 I-=-r-c~~ - --I----=---f--~~=-J


26 Kayastha 48 003




135 ~~all L2 012



42 ~tJnuwar~416 080


147 Hayu ~-4 ~O-Dhobi 6 000

49 48


Rr[---- -------r----

Darai 8 000 Mallah 10785 610

153 52


------~--

55 ~--


3 _ 6 009_


60 Lepcha 111 006[--- t-----~-~-


3 Dom 11 001


167 ~twe~ I 4 ~ 009_

n~rIha~f1i____+--~---~-009_ 69 Dhimal 7 000

----~-----



i I 6 000


3 Haluwai 74 004 ~-7hagar-- ----r----I


SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - World Bank

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Transcript of SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - World Bank