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SMOOTHING AN INTERMITTENT GENERATION:

INTEREST OF GENERATION FORECAST AND

STORAGE GLOBAL MANAGEMENT

PRÉVISION DES ÉNERGIES RENOUVELABLES ET

GARANTIE ACTIVE PAR LE STOCKAGE D’ÉNERGIE

Office franco-allemand pour les énergies

renouvelables (OFAEnR)

28/01/16

PEGASE PROJECT

3OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

EDF – Systèmes Energétiques Insulaires

EDF – Recherche & Développement

Ecole Polytechnique – Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique

Météo France

PROJECT PARTNERS

4OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

Study area: La Réunion Island

Planning

Budget

~ 5 M€ comprising ADEME funding

PROJECT PROGRESS & BUDGET

2009

NaS batterycommissioning

2011

Beginning of PEGASE project

2016

End of PEGASE project

Battery buildingInverter building

La Réunion

5OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

The power system in La Réunion, a Non Interconnected Territory (ZNI)

In 2014, Renewable Energies (RE), mainly hydraulic, generated 1/3 of the

electricity

Will of promoting RE

CONTEXT: GENERATION MIX

Mix associated to electricity generation

La Réunion island – 2014

Fuel

Coal

Hydraulic

PV

Biomass

Wind

Biogas

6OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

Among the RE → PV and wind

BUT, especially because of the intermittency hardly predictable and the lack

of inertia of these energies

CONTEXT: INTERMITTENT GENERATION

To maintain the safety of the power system, permanent

limitation of the intermittent RE threshold to 30%

[23/04/2008 ministerial ruling]

7OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

Intermittent RE installed at the end of 2014 in La Réunion island

PV : 163 MW

Wind : 15 MW

Disconnection of intermittent RE farms in La Réunion in 2014

Limitation of new projects’ launch

CONTEXT: INTERMITTENT GENERATION

8OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PEGASE PROJECT OBJECTIVES (1/2)

Promote the development of intermittent RE, PV and wind, while

maintaining the power system safety

Combine, in La Réunion island, a battery type storage system

and RE PV and wind farms

Smooth the power injected into the grid to limit the effects of

intermittency

pu

issan

ce

temps

9OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PEGASE PROJECT OBJECTIVES (2/2)

Setting up of an

information system

Development of

generation forecasting

methods

Development of

optimized Energy

Management Systems

Existing systems

RE farmsStorage

system

Generation

forecast

Energy

Management

System

Power profile

specifications

Time

Po

wer

Information system

GridPEGASE chain

COMBINING BATTERY / PV FARM

PEGASE CHAIN ELEMENTS

11OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PEGASE CHAIN

12OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

Examples of battery technologies

STORAGE SYSTEM: BATTERY

Li-ion Li-metal-polymer Lead-acid Sodium – sulfur

Specific features for each technology, especially concerning:

Available power

Lifetime

Efficiency

Installation requirements

Cost

13OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

Sodium – sulfur type battery (NaS)

« Hot » battery → operation between 300 °C and 350 °C

Technical features

Power: 1 MW

Capacity: 7,2 MWh

Lifetime: 4500 cycles

Examples of battery technologies


Li-ion Li-metal-polymer Lead-acid Sodium – sulfur

14OFAEnR | 28/01/2016


Installation of a NaS battery in La Réunion island in 2009

Connection to the HTA 15 kV network at Saint-André 63 kV/15 kV substation

Electric diagram of La Réunion island

Installation of the NaS battery

Inverter building Batterybuilding

15OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PEGASE CHAIN

16OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

RE FARMS

Use of generation data from 3 RE farms

PV farm of La Roseraye

• Peak power: 10 MW

• Operator: EDF – Energies Nouvelles

PV farm of La Star


• Operator: Albioma

Wind farm of La Perrière


• Operator: Quadran

Localisation fermes EnR

17OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PEGASE CHAIN

18OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

POWER PROFILE SPECIFICATIONS: FROM ERC

2011 CALL TENDER

« Trapezoidal shape » profile

Ramp-up phase: the injected power needs to increase or remain stable (1)

Constant power phase: power level ≤ 40% Ppeak (2)

Ramp-down phase: the injected power needs to decrease or remain stable (3)

Mandatory notifications

1h before the end of the ramp-up phase

1h before the beginning of the ramp-down phase

Fine if:

Ramping rates out of the limits:

• 0% Ppeak ≤ |rate| ≤ 0,6% Ppeak

• Difference > 2,5% Ppeak during the constant power phase

• The hour when the constraints are not respected is not paid

Profile example

Puis

sance

Temps

1

2

3

Time

Po

wer

19OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PEGASE CHAIN

20OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

Collection and analysis of 2 years of meteorological data

GENERATION FORECAST: DEVELOPMENT OF

OPERATIONAL TOOLS TO FORECAST PV GENERATION

21OFAEnR | 28/01/2016



Development of methods adapted to every time horizon

AROME model adapted for La Réunion during the project

Meteorological model

Climatology

Satellite

Statistical

methods

Imager

Persistence

22OFAEnR | 28/01/2016



Specific work carried out on satellite images

Clouds spread over

the PV farms

Clouds remain on the

mountains

Clouds impact the

whole island

23OFAEnR | 28/01/2016



Optimization of the use of the different methods depending on the time

horizon → operational tools

24OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PEGASE CHAIN

25OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

INFORMATION SYSTEM

2 options:

- Real time management

- A posteriori association →

« replay » mode

26OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PEGASE CHAIN

27OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Day-to-day

managementIntraday

managementRégulateur

DtoD

forecastIntraday

forecast

Battery

optimized set

points

Objective:

Manage the generation

variability

Objective :

Decrease the impact

of unpredictability

Battery SOC Battery SOC

Set points

Storage RE

inverters

OPTIMIZATION REGULATION

Regulation

28OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PEGASE CHAIN: CONCLUSION

Presentation of the involved systems

Setting up of a dedicated information system

Real-time management

Possibility of a posteriori association → « replay »

Aim of the EMS developed during the project

Operator point of view → maximize the financial profit

Possibility of modifying several parameters

• Power profile specifications

• Technical features of the battery

00 03 06 09 12 15 18 21 000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4Production

Temps [h] (04/04/2015)

Pui

ssan

ce [

MW

]

Opt

IJ

Consigne Pposte

Contraintes

COMBINING BATTERY / PV FARM

RESULTS: EXAMPLE

30OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »

Technical features of the involved systems → adapt the systems to be representative of a real

application

PV farm of « La Roseraye » (Ppeak = 10 MW)

• Input generation used in the chain

→ Real-time generation / 4

→ « Little » Roseraye (Ppeak = 2,5 MW)

• Possibility of curtailing (artificially) the generation

NaS battery

• Exploitable SOC range → from 15% to 50%, for a totale available energy of 2,5 MWh

• Authorized power → 1 MW in discharge and 1,2 MW in charge

a

Sizing of the storage for the example

1 Wh/Wp in terms of energy

0,4 W/Wp in terms of power

31OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PV generation

PV generation « after inverter »

Battery power

PV + battery generation

Battery SOC

Pow

er

(MW

)B

atte

ryS

OC

(%)

Time

Example of an « intermittent » day, 7/04/2015

aaa

06:40 : beginning of PV generation

N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »a

32OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PV generation


Battery power


Battery SOC

Pow

er

(MW

)B

atte

ryS

OC

(%)

Time


aaa

07:02 : power is injected into the grid


33OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PV generation


Battery power


Battery SOC

Pow

er

(MW

)B

atte

ryS

OC

(%)

Time


aaa

07:22 : the battery is used to maintain a positive rate during the

ramp-up phase


34OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PV generation


Battery power


Battery SOC

Pow

er

(MW

)B

atte

ryS

OC

(%)

Time


aaa

08:30 : the power of the constant phase is reached


35OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PV generation


Battery power


Battery SOC

Pow

er

(MW

)B

atte

ryS

OC

(%)

Time


aaa

11:10 : very strong decrease of PV generation → the battery is

used to maintain the power


36OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PV generation


Battery power


Battery SOC

Pow

er

(MW

)B

atte

ryS

OC

(%)

Time


aaa

14:00 : beginning of the ramp-down phase


37OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PV generation


Battery power


Battery SOC

Pow

er

(MW

)B

atte

ryS

OC

(%)

Time


aaa

15:00 : power stabilization to take advantage of the sun in the

afternoon


38OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PV generation


Battery power


Battery SOC

Pow

er

(MW

)B

atte

ryS

OC

(%)

Time


aaa

18:16 : the battery reaches the SOC target of ~25%


39OFAEnR | 28/01/2016


aaa

Power of the constant phase (MW) 1

Number of full equivalent battery cycles carried out 0,53

Efficiency (%) 95


𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑑 + ∆ 𝑆𝑂𝐶 ∗ 7,2

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑃𝑉 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

40OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

Association carried out over 90 days

→ efficiency close to 90%

Demonstration of the possibility to inject into the grid a smoothed

generation from an intermittent generation by associating a storage

system and a RE farm

Development of efficient EMS

→ creation of the EDF Store & Forecast company

aaa


41OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

Assessment of the parameter « generation forecasting method »

aN S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »:

« EMULATED » N S/PV FARM OF LA ROSERAYE

aa

Reference method

PV farm of « little »

Roseraye

ERC 2011 CALL

FOR TENDER

Emulated NaS battery

PVSCOPE

PVSCOPE with

confidence intervals

PV EMS

Also possible to take

into account


42OFAEnR | 28/01/2016


Example for a clear day – 03/02/15

aaa

Reference method

PVSCOPE

N S/PV FARM OF « LA ROSERAYE »:


aa

43OFAEnR | 28/01/2016



aaa

PVSCOPE

PVSCOPE with confidence

intervals

Indicators Reference methodPVSCOPE without


PVSCOPE with


Power of the constant phase(MW) 1 1 0,95

Efficiency (%) 80 80 72



aa

44OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

Assessment of the parameter « generation forecast method »


aaa

More conservative strategy when using confidence intervals

aaa



aa

Reference method

PVSCOPEPVSCOPE with

confidence intervalsPV generation

Pow

er

(MW

)

Time

45OFAEnR | 28/01/2016


Example for an intermittent day – 04/02/15

a

Reference method

PVSCOPE

aaa

aaa



aa

46OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

Assessment of the parameter « generation forecast method »

Example for an intermittent day – 04/02/15

a

PVSCOPE

PVSCOPE with confidence

intervals

Indicators Reference methodPVSCOPE without


PVSCOPE with


Power of the constant phase (MW) 1 1 0,35

Efficiency (%) 65 65 96

aaa

aaa



aa

CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES

48OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

aCONCLUSION

Development of efficient EMS to manage wind & PV farms + storage

→ creation of EDF Store & Forecast which commercializes the tools from the PEGASE

project

Development of operational tools to forecast PV generation

→ Great interest of using confidence intervals (which can be used by the different

methods developed)

49OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PERSPECTIVES

« replay » mode : many studies possible

Customizable EMS

Can help developing tools without using real systems

Assessment of many parameters

• SOC management

Generation forecast

Possible to study other profiles

« Modification » of the storage system → by modifying the

power/energy ratio

NaS : 1 MW/7 MWh Li-ion : 1 MW/0,5 MWhZEBRA : 1 MW/3 MWh

50OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PERSPECTIVES

Even with a significant size for the storage system → hard to

completely protect the power system from the intermittency effects

Even if the costs are decreasing, storage is still expensive

Global management of storage

Total power (MW) 5 MW50 MW (around 10

PV farms)

Sizing (Wh/Wp) 0,9 0,45

Efficiency (%) 85% 85%

51OFAEnR | 28/01/2016

PERSPECTIVES

Other uses for storage ?

→ Frequency regulation

THANK TO

PARTNERS

ADEME

OPERATORS – ALBIOMA, QUADRAN, EDF – EN

THE PEOPLE WHO WORKED ON THAT PROJECT

YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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