République du Congo: Profil Urbain de Pointe-Noire

7/30/2019 Rpublique du Congo: Profil Urbain de Pointe-Noire

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PV[@NIT[K H[ EJLAJ =VPJCIN [P@DIL

HK VJILXKLJIPK


2/18

HLI HK PKUVJLUD@INIX = Nks tkrgks kgpnjys kt nk gdtrikn utinis hdls ekttk pu`niedtijl lk rkfftklt pdslekssdirkgklt nks pjilts hk vuk hu Ukertdridt hks Ldtijls ulis ju hks hivkrsks jradlisdtijls qui nui sjlt niks.Nks dppknndtijls kgpnjyks kt nks ilcjrgdtijls prskltks ligpniquklt hk nd pdrt hk nJL[-Bdìtdtkt hk sjl ejlskin hdhgilistrdtijl, dueulk prisk hk pjsitijl qudlt du stdtut murihiquk hks pdys ejlekrls,nd hnigitdtijl hk sks crjltirks, ju ejgprjgkttdlt nks dutjrits kl pndek, nk systgk ejljgiquk td`niju klejrk nk hkar hk hvknjppkgklt.

Nks dldnysks, ejlenusijls kt rkejggdlhdtijls hk ek rdppjrt lk rkfftklt pds ljl pnus lekssdirkgkltnk pjilt hk vuk hu Vrjardggk hks Ldtijls ulis pjur nks td`nisskgklts bugdils (JL[-Bdìtdt), sjl ejlskinhdhgilistrdtijl kt hk sks tdts gkg`rks.Nd prskltk pu`niedtijl pkut trk rkprjhuitk, kltirkgklt ju kl pdrtik, sjus ligpjrtk qukn cjrgdt ju suppjrt, hks fflls huedtivks gdis ljl nuerdtivks, sdls ndutjrisdtijl prdnd`nk hu htkltkur hks hrjits hdutkur, nd ejlhitijlquin sjit cdit gkltijl hk nd sjurek. JL[-Bdìtdt sjubditkrdit quul kxkgpndirk hk njuvrdak j sk trjuvkrkprjhuit nkxtrdit nui sjit ejgguliqu. Nd prskltk pu`niedtijl lk pkut trk li rkvklhuk li utinisk hdutrks ffllsejggkreidnks sdls ndutjrisdtijl prdnd`nk hu Vrjardggk hks Ldtijls ulis pjur nks td`nisskgklt bugdils.

Nd rdnisdtijl hk ek rdppjrt d t supkrvisk pdr Okrstil Ujggkr, Mjskpb Aui`j, Pdpbdnnk Sialjn,Liejnds Gdrebdn, Gdttbiku Uu`nkt kt Cnjrklek Ourid.

Vu`ni pdr nk Vrjardggk hks Ldtijls uliks pjur nks td`nisskgklt bugdils.

Ejpyriabt 0640

BU Lug`kr=BU/445/40CIU@L Lug`kr= (Ukriks) 912-90-4-450605-1IU@L Lug`kr= (Sjnugk) 912-90-4-450;01-6

Igprkssijl = [LJL, Vu`nisbila Ukrvieks Uketijl, Ldirjì, IUJ 48664=0668-ekrtifflkh

Nks pu`niedtijls hu Vrjardggk hks Ldtijls uliks pjur nks td`nisskgklt bugdils sjlt hispjli`nks du urkduraijldn kt hilcjrgdtijl hk nJL[-Bdìtdt ju hirketkgklt =V.J. @jx 56656, AVJ 66466Ldirjì, Oklyd

Cdx = + (0;8 06) 130 8033/1Kgdin = ulbdìtdtFulbdìtdt.jrawww.ulbdìtdt.jra

Ejuvkrturk = Hdvih Aidlcdnhjli/HP


3/18

DSDLX-VPJVJU H[ HIPKEXK[P KRE[XIC 8

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ILXPJH[EXIJL 2

AJ[SKPLDLEK 46

CJLEIKP 44

@IHJLSINNKU 45

AKLPK KX HSKNJVVKGKLX 48

KLSIPJLLKGKLX 4;

HSKNJVVKGKLX EJLJGIT[K NJEDN 43

UKPSIEKU [P@DILU HK @DUK 41

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4/18

8

DSDLX-VPJVJU H[ HIPKEXK[P KRE[XIC

Hr. Mjdl Enjs

Hirketkur kxeutic, JL[-Bdìtdt

Uknjl ulk rkebkrebkpu`nik hdls nk rdppjrthJL[-Bd itdt, Ntdthks vinnks hdls nk gjlhk0646-0644 , tjutks nksraijls kl vjik hk hvk-njppkgklt, ljtdggkltkl Dcriquk, hdls nksEdrd`ks kt hdls nkVdeifflquk, ejgptkrjltkl 0656 pnus hk pkr-sjllks vivdlt kl ginikuur`dil qukl giniku rurdn.Nd gjiti hk nd pjpund-

tijl gjlhidnk vit hm hdls hks zjlks ur`dilks, nks hffls

duxqukns ljus cdisjls cdek hdls nd `dtdinnk ndlek ejltrk ndpduvrkt ur`dilk sjlt ljg`rkux kt hk tdinnk = ljtrk tebk kstdrhuk, ljus vjunjls hks vinnks sdls ihjlvinnk, j nks ckggkssk skltklt pnus kl seurit, hks vinnks ilenusivks dvke nnketri-eit, ndees nkdu kt ndssdilisskgklt, kt j nks trdlspjrtssjlt d`jrhd`nks, hks vinnks gikux pndlifflks hdls nkur hvk-njppkgklt, hks vinnks pnus prjprks, pnus vkrtks.

Gdis ejggk nk gjltrk ekttk srik hk prjfflns, in kxistk `kdu-ejup hk sjnutijls iltrkssdltks kt hk `jllks prdtiquks quinskrdit `jl hdppniqukr. Kl ffll hk ejgptk, nks ebistrks ljushisklt quk hurdlt nd hekllik 0666-0646, 001 ginnijls hkpkrsjllks du tjtdn jlt quitt nks ìhjlvinnks. Ekei sialifflkquk nks ajuvkrlkgklts, nks vinnks kt nks ilstitutijls pdrtk-ldirks sjlt pdrvklus klskg`nk, hju`nkr nks J`mketics huginnldirk pjur nk hvknjppkgklt ejlekrldlt nks ìhjl-vinnks, kt ek, dvke hix dls hdvdlek sur nd hdtk ilitidnkgkltprvuk pjur 0606.

NDsik kt nk Vdeifflquk sk tikllklt du prkgikr rdla hks pdysdydlt russi dvke suees dttkilhrk ekt j`mketic, tjus nksajuvkrlkgklts hk nd raijl sjlt, kl kstkt, pdrvklus dg-nijrkr nd vik hk 410 666 666 bdìtdlts hk ìhjlvinnks kltrk0666 kt 0646. Kl Dcriquk su`-sdbdrikllk, nd prjpjrtijltjtdnk hk nd pjpundtijl ur`dilk vivdlt hdls hks ìhjlvinnks dhigilu hk ; % skunkgklt (sjit 41 ginnijls hk pkrsjllks).Nk Abdld, nk Uladn, nJuadlhd kt nk Pwdlhd sjlt nks pdys

qui jlt klrkaistr nks gkinnkurs rsuntdts hdls nd sjus-raijl,kl rhuisdlt, hurdlt nd hkrlirk hekllik, nd prjpjrtijlhks bdìtdlts hks ìhjlvinnks hk pnus hul eilquigk. Nkebistrk dttkilt 45 % kl Dgriquk ndtilk kt hdls nks Edrd`ksj klvirjl 56 ginnijls hk pkrsjllks jlt quitt nks ìhjl-vinnks hkpuis ndl 0666.

Vjurtdlt, nks kstigdtijls hk nJL[-Bdìtdt ejlfflrgkltquk nks prjars rdniss ejlekrldlt nks ihjlvinnks lk sjltpds sustsdlts pjur ejltrkr nkxpdlsijl hgjardpbiqukejlstdtk hdls nks td`nisskgklts ilcjrgkns hks pdys klvjik hk hvknjppkgklt. Kl ek skls, nks kstjrts visdlt rhuirk nk ljg`rk hbdìtdlts hks ìhjlvinnks lk sjlt lisdtiscdisdlts li sustsdlts.

Hdls nk edhrk hk ljs kstjrts pjur rsjuhrk ekttk erisk,nJL[-Bdìtdt trdvdinnk dvke nd Ejggissijl kurjpkllkkt nk Ukertdridt, ds @ruxknnks, hk nDcriquk, hks Edrd`kskt hu Vdeifflquk (DEV) pjur sjutklir nk hvknjppkgklt

ur`dil hurd`nk. Ejgptk tklu hk nd hivkrsit kt hk nuraklekhks `ksjils, ljus dvjls mua lekssdirk hk hvknjppkr uljutin hvdnudtijl rdpihk kt hk pndliffledtijl strdtaiqukpjur gklkr hks iltkrvkltijls igghidtks, gjykl ju njla tkrgk. Ekt jutin sk prskltk sjus nd cjrgk hk ekttksrik hk pu`niedtijls.

Nk Vrjardggk pdrtieipdtic hdgnijrdtijl hks ejlhitijlshk vik hdls nks ìhjlvinnks kst `ds sur ul hidnjaukpjnitiquk, kltrkpris kl 0660, kltrk nJL[-Bdìtdt, nkUkertdridt DEV kt nd Ejggissijl kurjpkllk. Njrsquknks 5 pdrtiks sk sjlt rklejltrks du siak hk nJL[-Bdìtdtkl muil 0669, pnus hk 066 hnaus hk pnus hk ;6 pdys sksjlt kltklhus pjur ndlekr ul ardlh dppkn nd ejggu-ldut iltkrldtijldnk dffll quknnk prtk hdvdltdak dttkltijl

dux qukstijls hur`dlisdtijl, kt quknnk tklhk nk prj-ardggk hdgnijrdtijl hks ejlhitijls hk vik hdls nksìhjlvinnks tjus nks pdys hDcriquk, hDsik kt hu Vdeifflquk.

In kst utink hk rdppknkr iei ejgìkl ljus sjggks rkejlldis-sdlts quk nk 9kCjlhs kurjpkl hk hvknjppkgklt pjur nkspdys DEV hk nd Ejggissijl kurjpkllk dit ejltriù bdutkur hk 8 ginnijls hkurjs (sjit ;,1 ginnijls hk hjnndrshdprs nks tdux hk ebdlak hk muil 0644) pjur pkrgkttrk nJL[-Bdìtdt hk ejlhuirk ul prjardggk qui prjffltk ;9 vinnks hdls 05 pdys dcriedils, pnus hk 06 vinnks hdls3 pdys hu Vdeifflquk, kt 8 pdys hks Edrd`ks.

Kl kstkt, hkpuis sd erdtijl kl 0662, nk Vrjardggk

hdgnijrdtijl hks ejlhitijls hk vik hdls nks ìhjlvinnks ddequis nd ejlffldlek hks pdrtkldirks, du livkdu gulieipdn ktldtijldn, hdls nks pdys hDcriquk, hks Edrd`ks kt huVdeifflquk. Ejggk nk gjltrk ekttk srik hk rdppjrt, indppjrtk ulk ejltriùtijl gdmkurk qui visk sjutklir nkskstjrts kltrkpris pjur rhuirk nd pduvrkt ur`dilk.

Mk tikls klejrk kxprigkr tjutk gd ardtituhk ndEjggissijl kurjpkllk kt du Ukertdridt DEV pjur nkurkladakgklt pjur ek Vrjardggk hdgnijrdtijl hks ejlhi-tijls hk vik hdls nks ìhjlvinnks. Mdi tjutk ejlffldlek quk nksrsuntdts kxpjss hdls ek prjffln, ju hdls nks suivdlts, skrjltutinks pjur nd`jrkr hks rpjlsks hdls nk rklcjrekgklt hksedpdeits kt hks ilvkstisskgklts hdls nk sketkur ur`dil.

Kl jutrk, mk tikls rkgkreikr nks quipks hks pdys pdrti-eipdlts pjur nk sjutikl sdls cdinnk quins jlt dppjrt ekprjekssus, etdit nd ejlhitijl ksskltiknnk nd gisk kluvrk russik hu Vrjardggk pdrtieipdtic hdgnijrdtijlhks ejlhitijls hk vik hks ìhjlvinnks.

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5/18

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VPUKLXDXIJLKXGXBJHJNJAIK

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VPUKLXDXIJL

Nk prjfflndak kl giniku ur`dil kst ulk vdnudtijl rdpihkhks ksjils, jriklt sur nks detijls kltrkprklhrk pjurrklcjrekr nks edpdeits kt pdnikr dux hcdinndleks dulivkdu hk nd vinnk. Nk ut hk ekttk tuhk kst hk hvknjp-pkr hks pjnitiquks ur`dilks dffll hk rhuirk nd pduvrktdux livkdux njedn, raijldn kt ldtijldn, trdvkrs nvd-nudtijl hks `ksjils kt hks gedlisgks hk rpjlsk. Kleknd, in ejltriùk nd gisk kl uvrk hks J`mketics huginnldirk pjur nk hvknjppkgklt. In kst detuknnkgkltutinis hdls pnus hk 06 pdys hDcriquk kt hdls nks pdysdrd`ks, kt d t ndle hdls 56 ljuvkdux pdys hDcriqukdilsi quk hdls nks pktits pdys ilsundirks hu Vdeifflquk.

Ntuhk kst `dsk sur ndldnysk hk hjllks kxistdltkskt sur ulk srik hkltrktikls rdniss dvke tjutks nks pdr-tiks prkldltks, y ejgpris nks ejggulduts njednkskt nks ilstitutijls, nd sjeit eivink, nk sketkur priv, nkspdrtkldirks du hvknjppkgklt, nks ulivkrsitdirks, kte.Ekttk ejlsuntdtijl sk ejlenuk alrdnkgklt pdr ulkejlvkltijl ejnnketivk sur ul ekrtdil ljg`rk hk prijri-ts ihkltifflks kt nkur iltardtijl hdls nk rklcjrekgklthks edpdeits prjpjsks, dilsi quk sur hdutrks prjmktsqui dgìtijllklt tjus hk rhuirk nd pduvrkt ur`dilk.

GXBJHJNJAIK

Nk prjfflndak ur`dil utinisk ulk dpprjebk strueturk jnks iltkrvkltijls prijritdirks sjlt ejlvkluks trdvkrsul prjekssus ejlsuntdtic. Nd gtbjhjnjaik hu prjfflndakur`dil sk ejgpjsk kl 5 pbdsks =

Vbdsk I = 5 prjfflns ur`dils hk 5 vinnks sjlt rdnisspjur ebdquk pdys = alrdnkgklt, nd edpitdnk, ulkvinnk hk tdinnk gjykllk kt ulk pktitk vinnk sjlt dilsisnketijllks kt tuhiks pjur cjurlir ul ebdltin-njl rkprskltdtic pkrgkttdlt klsuitk hk rdniskr ulprjffln ldtijldn. Nilcjrgdtijl kst rkeukinnik dugjykl hkltrkvuks kt hk hiseussijls dvke nks ilsti-tutijls kt nks ilcjrgdtkurs ens, dffll hvdnukr nks

cjreks, nks cdi`nkssks, nks jppjrtulits kt nks gkldeks(CCJG), rklejltrks du livkdu njedn kt ldtijldn,hdls nks ginikux ur`dils. Nks rsuntdts sjlt prskl-ts kt dstls du ejurs hk ejlsuntdtijls rdniskshdls nk edhrk hdtknikrs ejgguldux kt ldtijlduxpjur pdrvklir ul ejlsklsus sur nks iltkrvkltijlsprijritdirks. Nks rdppjrts ldtijldux kt ejggulduxsyltbtisklt nks ilcjrgdtijls rkeukinniks kt kxpjskltnks gtbjhks suivrk pjur rhuirk nd pduvrktur`dilk, trdvkrs hks dpprjebks bjnistiquks.

Vbdsk II = In sdait hk hffllir endirkgklt nks prijritsihkltifflks pdr nks tuhks hk prcdisdìnit kt hkhvknjppkr kl htdin nk rklcjrekgklt hks edpdeits

kt nks prjmkts hilvkstisskgklt. Vbdsk III = Knnk ejlsistk gkttrk kl uvrk nks prj-

mkts hvknjpps du ejurs hks 0 pbdsks prehkltks.Ndeeklt kst hjll sur nk hvknjppkgklt hks ejg-ptkleks, nk rklcjrekgklt ilstitutijllkn kt sur ndgisk kl dppniedtijl hks sjnutijls dhjptks.


6/18

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7/18

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VPJCIN[P@DILHKVJILXK-LJIPK-PU[GKRE[XIC

PU[G KRE[XIC

ILXPJH[EXIJL

Vjiltk-Ljirk kst ulk vinnk hk nd Ppu`niquk hu Ejlajsituk du ekltrk-jukst hk nDcriquk sur nd cddhk dtndl-tiquk. Hu cdit hk ndetivit ptrjnirk kt hk sjl pjrt klkdu prjcjlhk, knnk pkut trk ejlsihrk ejggk nkpjugjl ejljgiquk hu pdys. Nd vinnk stklh sur hkstkrrdils pku nkvs, sd supkrffleik detuknnk kst kstigk 448 866 bd. Nd vinnk kst ejlstituk hulk srik hkpktits pndtkdux spdrs nks uls hks dutrks pdr hk ndrakszjlks ilsdnu`rks, ek qui erk hk ardvks prj`ngkshdssdilisskgklt kt hk ejgguliedtijl.

Nd pjpundtijl hk nd gulieipdnit hk Vjiltk-Ljirk ksthk 4 466 666 bdìtdlts, rpdrtis sur 8 ejggulks. Ndvinnk ejgptk 82 % hbdìtdlts hk gjils hk vilat dls kt55 % hk ebgkurs. Nd ndlauk nd pnus pdrnk kst nkoiojlaj suivik hu crdldis, ndlauk jsteiknnk hu pdys.

AJ[SKPLDLEK

Nd ejggulk hk Vjiltk-Ljirk d t ilstituk ejggkejnnketivit njednk hekltrdnisk pdr nd nji fflxdlt sks ejg-ptkleks kt sks gissijls. Knnk kst ajuvkrlk pdr ulejlskin gulieipdn nu du sustrdak hirket kt dydlt sd ttkul prsihklt hu ejlskin qui dssurk nk rnk hk gdirk. Nkejlskin gulieipdn hk Vjiltk-Ljirk ejgptk 1; gkg`rks.Nks drrjlhisskgklts sjlt hirias pdr hks dhgilistrdtkurs-

gdirks ljggs pdr nk ajuvkrlkgklt.Nd tutknnk hirketk hk nd ejnnketivit njednk kst dssurkpdr nk gilistrk hk nDhgilistrdtijl, hu tkrritjirk, hk ndhekltrdnisdtijl kt hk nd seurit. Vjur ebdquk dllkhk sjl gdlhdt, nk ejlskin dhjptk ul prjardggk hkhvknjppkgklt hk nd vinnk tjurl ksskltiknnkgklt vkrsndgnijrdtijl hks ejlhitijls hk vik hk nd pjpundtijl.

CJLEIKP

Nk edhrk nadn kt ilstitutijllkn hu cjleikr ejlstituknulk hks prijrits hu ajuvkrlkgklt ekltrdn kt raijldn,

edr nd gdtrisk hu cjleikr kst nd ejlhitijl silk qud ljlkpjur nd russitk hk tjut prjardggk hk hvknjppkgkltur`dil kt hk rsjrptijl hk nd pduvrkt ur`dilk.

@IHJLSINNK

Dumjurhbui, nk pbljglk hk ìhjlvinisdtijl kst nkprjhuit hk nd`sklek hk pndliffledtijl hdls nd akstijlur`dilk. Knnk pkrgkt, kl kstkt, dux prjpritdirks tkrriklskt hdutrks eitjykls hk speunkr sur nd vkltk hk tkrrdils,j`niakdlt nks pjpundtijls nks pnus pduvrks jeeupkr nks`kraks hks rivirks ju silstdnnkr sur nk hjgdilk pu`nie.

AKLPK KX HSKNJVVKGKLX

Ui nd gdmjrit hk nd pjpundtijl pjltlarilk kst ejgpj-sk hk ckggks, eknnks-ei sjlt pjurtdlt trs pku rkprskl-tks hdls nks ilstdleks hiriakdltks hk nd vinnk. Hulkgdlirk alrdnk, knnks sjlt pnus kxpjsks nd pduvrkt,du gdlquk hhuedtijl. Ndees nd tkrrk, sin lk nkur kstpds kst iltkrhit, rkstk pnus histeink. Klffll, nk tdux hk pr-vdnklek hu SIB/UIHD kst pnus nkv ebkz nks ckggksquin lk nkst ebkz nks bjggks.

KLSIPJLLKGKLX

Gdnar nks hispjsitijls nadnks ejltkluks hdls nd njihk 4994 pjrtdlt sur nklvirjllkgklt, Vjiltk-Ljirkprskltk ul td`nkdu pku cdvjrd`nk sur nk pndl klvirjllk-gkltdn. Jl pkut kl kstkt hpnjrkr =

-edrùrks, hk sdes kl pndstiquk, hk `jutkinnks, kte. surnk njla hks ejtks gdrilks ?

pjnnudlt ndtgjspbrk ?

ejltriùk svrkgklt nilsdnu`rit hk ekrtdilsqudrtikrs hk nd vinnk.

HSKNJVVKGKLX EJLJGIT[K NJEDN

Ndetivit ptrjnirk ejlstituk tjumjurs nk sketkur pril-eipdn hk nejljgik pjltlarilk. Knnk kgpnjik ulkigpjrtdltk gdil-huvrk kt ejltriùk du hvknjppk-gklt hk ljg`rkusks detivits hk sjus-trditdlek. Ndprsklek hu pjrt, nkssjr hks skrvieks, dilsi quk ndejlstruetijl hul drjpjrt iltkrldtijldn, jlt cdit hkVjiltk-Ljirk ulk eit hk prkgirk igpjrtdlek pjur nkejggkrek dcriedil kt gjlhidn. Nd vinnk hk Vjiltk-Ljirk dssurk 25 % hks rkekttks ùhatdirks hu Ejlaj.

UKPSIEKU [P@DILU HK @DUK

Ndldnysk hk nd situdtijl detuknnk ljus ilcjrgk quk ndardlhk gdmjrit hk nd pjpundtijl ld pds dees dux skr-vieks ur`dils hk dsk. Tudlh knnk pkut prjffltkr hk ndees nkdu ju nnketrieit, nks skrvieks sjlt ebkrs kt hk trsgduvdisk qudnit. Kl hkbjrs hu sketkur hk nd ejgguli-edtijl, j nks jprdtkurs privs sjlt kl ebdrak hk ndgdmjrit hks skrvieks, nks dutrks sketkurs higpjrtdlekvitdnk sjlt rksts nk gjljpjnk hk ntdt (nkdu ktnnketrieit).

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PU[GKRE[XIC

ILXPJH[EXIJL

Vjiltk-Ljirk kst ulk vinnk hk nd Ppu`niquk hu Ejlajsituk du ekltrk-jukst hk nDcriquk sur nd cddhk dtndl-tiquk. Hu cdit hk ndetivit ptrjnirk kt hk sjl pjrt klkdu prjcjlhk, knnk pkut trk ejlsihrk ejggk nk pju-gjl ejljgiquk hu pdys. Vjiltk-Ljirk, dppknk dussiVjltjl nd `knnk, kl pnus htrk nd edpitdnk hu hpdrtk-gklt hu Ojuinju, kst nd edpitdnk ejljgiquk hu pdys.

Nd vinnk stklh sur hks tkrrdils pku nkvs, ejlquis surhks ndaulks kt sur ulk tkrrdssk hk 40 06 g hdntituhk.Ud supkrffleik detuknnk kst kstigk 448 866 bd. Nd vinnkhk Vjiltk-Ljirk kst `tik sur ulk pndilk nittjrdnksd`nkusk. Knnk kst sinnjllk pdr hk ljg`rkusks rivirks`jrhks pdr hk ndraks zjlks iljlhd`nks. Nk sitk, hu cdithu gdlquk hdgldakgklts dpprjpris, kst kl ardlhk

pdrtik ilsdnu`rk. Nd vinnk kst hjle ejlstituk hulksrik hk pktits pndtkdux spdrs nks uls hks dutrks pdr hkndraks zjlks ilsdnu`rks, ek qui erk hk ardvks prj`ngkshdssdilisskgklt kt hk ejgguliedtijl.

Nd vinnk hk Vjiltk-Ljirk pjsshk ul enigdt su`qudtjridnjedliquk, sjus nilffuklek hul ejurdlt gdril crjih hk

muil skptkg`rk kt hul ejurdlt gdril ebduh hjetj rk gdi. In y d 0 sdisjls histiletks, nd sdisjl sebk hk muil skptkg`rk kt nd sdisjl hks pnuiks hjetj`rk gdi.

Nd pjpundtijl hk nd gulieipdnit hk Vjiltk-Ljirk kst hk4 466 666 bdìtdlts, rpdrtis sur 8 ejggulks. NksEjlajndis rkprskltklt klvirjl 1; % hk nd pjpundtijl,

nk rkstk tdlt ejlstitu hk rkssjrtissdlts hk nd Ppu`niqukhgjerdtiquk hu Ejlaj, hJukst-Dcriedils, hk Ni`dldiskt hkxpdtris kurjpkls. Nd vinnk ejgptk 82 % hbdì-tdlts hk gjils hk vilat dls kt 55 % hk ebgkurs. Ndpjpundtijl hk nd vinnk kst gdmjritdirkgklt ebrtikllk(80 %), gdis 56 % hks Ejlajndis dppdrtikllklt duxanisks dcriedilks vdlaniquks hitks hk rvkin , 5 %hkltrk kux sjlt gusungdls kt 0; % sjlt dtbks. Ndndlauk nd pnus pdrnk kst nk oiojlaj suivik hu crdldis,ndlauk jsteiknnk hu pdys.

DHGILIUXPDXIJL

Nd nji L 44-0665 hu 3 cvrikr 0665 pjrtdlt sur nkstdtut pdrtieunikr hk nd vinnk hk @rdzzdvinnk kt hk Vjiltk-Ljirk stipunk quknnks sjlt nd cjis hks ejggulks kthks hpdrtkgklts. Nd vinnk hk Vjiltk-Ljirk kst hjtkhul ejlskin hpdrtkgkltdn kt gulieipdn hk 1; gkg`rksnus, dvke sd ttk, 4 gdirk nu pjur ul gdlhdt hkeilq dls. Nk gdirk detukn, Pjndlh @juiti Siduhj, d trnu kl muinnkt 0662.

Du rkadrh hk nd nji sur nd hekltrdnisdtijl prjgunaukkl 0666, nk ejlskin hpdrtkgkltdn kt gulieipdn his-pjsk hk pjuvjirs hk akstijl trs tklhus qui stklhklt

musqudux ebkcs hk qudrtikrs. Gdis nks tkxtks hdppnied-

tijl hk nd nji sur nd hekltrdnisdtijl, ljtdggklt surnk trdlsckrt hks ejgptkleks ljlt pds klejrk tfflldniss. In kst igpjrtdlt hk rdppknkr qukl gdi 4920, nkejlskin hks gilistrks d dhjpt ul Vndl hirketkur hur`d-lisgk pjur nd vinnk hk Vjiltk-Ljirk. Nd su`hivisijl

dhgilistrdtivk detuknnk hk nd vinnk, ejgpjsk hk 8 drrjl-hisskgklts pjur ul tjtdn hk 25 qudrtikrs, sjradliskejggk suit =

HGJAPDVBIK

Hkpuis sd cjlhdtijl musqukl 4996, Vjiltk-Ljirk d

ejllu ul tdux hdeerjisskgklt hk sd pjpundtijl hk8,; %. Ekttk erjissdlek cunaurdltk d cdit hul vinndak hk0 666 bdìtdlts, ulk vinnk qui ejgptk dumjurhbui prshk 4 ginnijl hbdìtdlts. Uknjl nk rkeklskgklt hk 0661,dvke sks 4 466 666 bdìtdlts, Vjiltk-Ljirk kst nd hku-xigk vinnk nd pnus pkupnk hk nd Ppu`niquk hu Ejlaj.Hdprs nks prvisijls stdtistiquks, nd pjpundtijl hkvrditdttkilhrk 4 ;66 666 bdìtdlts hiei 064;.

Nk jjg hgjardpbiquk hk Vjiltk-Ljirk sk situk kltrknks dllks 4995 kt 0660. Dvke nks kstkts hk nd aukrrk, hkljg`rkux bdìtdlts hk @rdzzdvinnk, hk Hjnisik kt hkljg`rkusks raijls (Vjjn, @juklzd, Nojugju ktLidri) sk sjlt hpndes vkrs nks vinnks etirks pjur hks

rdisjls hk seurit. Nkxjhk rurdn rkstk ekpklhdlt ndedusk prileipdnk hk nd erjissdlek hgjardpbiquk.

Tuknquks hjllks ljus ilcjrgklt pnus preisgklt surekttk erjissdlek hgjardpbiquk kt sur nd cdjl hjlt skejgpjsk nd pjpundtijl hk Vjiltk-Ljirk =

1 pkrsjllks kltrk 4926 kt 0646 ?

;; % hk ckggks kt 8; % hbjggks ?

vinnk kst erdsdltk = 82 % hks Vjltlarils jlt gjilshk quilzk dls kt 30 % gjils hk vilat dls.

H[EDXIJL

Nk tdux hdnpbd`tisdtijl kst hk 86 % hdls nd vinnk, nktdux kst trs nkv pjur nks bjggks puisquin kst hk91 % kl prigdirk kt hk 90 % pjur nk skejlhdirk.

nd cdvkur hk nd ljuvknnk nji sur nd ni`rdnisdtijl husketkur hk nklskialkgklt kl 4990, nklskialkgkltpriv skst cjrtkgklt hvknjpp dppjrtdlt hks sjnutijlspjur ndgnijrdtijl hk nhuedtijl. Kl kstkt, ntdt

cdisdit cdek ul gdlquk hquipkgklt pdr rdppjrt duljg`rk erjissdlt hklcdlts kl ak htrk sejndriss. Nkhvknjppkgklt hu sketkur priv, sin d pu rpjlhrk hks`ksjils igghidts, lk skst ekpklhdlt pds cdit sdls


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XPJH[EXIJL

prj`ngk. Kl kstkt, ulk ardlhk pdrtik hks strueturks hkeks td`nisskgklts privs lk rpjlhklt pds dux ljrgksrankgkltdirks. Nks qudrtikrs hu ekltrk-vinnk rkarjupkltnks prileipdux td`nisskgklts sejndirks, ljtdggklt nksnyeks alrdux kt tkebliquks, dnjrs quk nks qudrtikrspripbriquks ldeeukinnklt quk hks ejnks prigdirks.Nks gksurks dlljleks pdr nk ajuvkrlkgklt pjurrklhrk nklskialkgklt ardtuit ljlt pds klejrk tdppniquks.

UDLX

Vjiltk-Ljirk ejgptk 8 ekltrks hk sdlt pu`nies =

ebiljisk ?

Xjus eks ekltrks pu`nies cjlt cdek hks ilsustsdlekstkebliquks, ul gdlquk hk pkrsjllkn kt du ejt nkvhks skrvieks. Vrs hk ;2 % hk nd pjpundtijl lkst pds klgksurk hk sk rklhrk hdls nul hk eks ekltrks. Nk ske-tkur priv prskltk 0 livkdux hk skrvieks = nul trsnkv deekssi`nk skunkgklt dux kgpnjys hks ardlhkssjeits, kt ndutrk deekssi`nk dux pnus hgulis gdishjlt nks ejlhitijls sdlitdirks ndissklt hsirkr. Nksghiedgklts tdlt trs ebkrs, ul gdreb hk ejltrkcd-jls ju hk ghiedgklts prigs skst ndrakgklt hvk-njpp hdls nd vinnk.

Nk tdux hk gjr`ihit kst hk 40 %. Nks edusks hk ekttkgjr`ihit kt hk gjrtdnit sjlt = nk pdnuhisgk, nks ilcke-tijls hivkrsks, nks pihgiks kt nk SIB/UIHD. Jl pkut,ekpklhdlt, ljtkr hk ardlhks dvdleks dppjrtks pdr nkprjardggk hu ajuvkrlkgklt qui d rklhu ardtuits nks

sjils ejltrk nk pdnuhisgk pjur nks klcdlts, nks esd-rikllks, nks trditkgklts ejltrk nk SIB/UIHD, nd prisk klebdrak hks gdndhks vietigks hks pihgiks.

9

Mkulk ejnikr ( Dgi Sitdnk/Qjrh @dlo).


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AJ[SKPLDLEK

EDHPK ILUXIX[XIJLLKN

Uknjl nd nji fflxdlt sks ejgptkleks kt sks gissijls, ndejggulk hk Vjiltk-Ljirk kst ulk ejnnketivit njednkhekltrdnisk. Nk prckt kst nk prileipdn rkprskltdlt hkntdt. Nks skrvieks hk ntdt, ljtdggklt nks Hirketijlshpdrtkgkltdnks, rkprskltklt nks histrklts gilistrks ktdssurklt nk cjletijllkgklt hk tutknnk hk nd ejnnketivitnjednk.

Knnk kst ajuvkrlk pdr ul ejlskin gulieipdn nu dusustrdak hirket kt dydlt sd ttk ul prsihklt hu ejlskinqui dssurk nk rnk hk gdirk. Nk ejlskin gulieipdn hkVjiltk-Ljirk ejgptk 1; gkg`rks. Nks drrjlhisskgkltssjlt hirias pdr hks dhgilistrdtkurs-gdirks ljggs pdrnk ajuvkrlkgklt.

Nks jradlisdtijls hk nd sjeit eivink sjlt adnkgkltprskltks kt pdrtieipklt pdrcjis detivkgklt njradli-sdtijl kt nd vik hk nd ejggulk. Hdls nd ejggulk hkVjiltk-Ljirk, pnusikurs JLA iltkrvikllklt ljtdg-gklt hdls nks detivits niks ndgnijrdtijl hks ejlhi-tijls hk vik hks pjpundtijls. Eks JLA njednks, ldtij-ldnks ju iltkrldtijldnks cjletijllklt ejlcjrggkltdux njis kt dux rankgklts hk nd Ppu`niquk. Knnksiltkrvikllklt hdls nks hjgdilks hk nd sdlt, hk nd sdnu-`rit, hk nhuedtijl, hk ndihk dux pduvrks, hu spjrt kthk nd eunturk dvke ulk pjtkltidnit hk gj`inisdtijl hksgjykls, lekssdirks nd rdnisdtijl hk nkurs prjmkts. Uur

pnus hulk ekltdilk hJLA rkeklsks, eknnks qui jltt rklejltrks sjlt nks suivdltks =

hvknjppkgklt ?

EDHPK NADN

Nd nji cjlhdgkltdnk hu Ejlaj prvjit nadnit hkshrjits kt hkvjirs pjur tjus nks Ejlajndis, nd ni`krthkxprkssijl kt rankgkltk nk cjletijllkgklt hk ntdtkt hks ejnnketivits njednks.

VKPCJPGDLEKU KX PKUVJLUD@INIUDXIJLU

Nk prj`ngk prileipdn, quk rklejltrklt nks strueturkshiriakdltks, ejlekrlk nd ejjrhildtijl hks prjmkts hkhvknjppkgklt pjur ndgnijrdtijl hks ejlhitijls hkvik hks pjpundtijls hks qudrtikrs histeinks. Nks prjmktsvisdlt rhuirk nd pduvrkt gdlquklt hks gjyklslekssdirks nkur hvknjppkgklt. Klffll, in gdlquk uljutin hk pndliffledtijl ur`dilk.Nks JLA silvkstissklt pjur nd pnupdrt hdls hks rdnisd-tijls dsskz spjltdlks qui sjlt alrdnkgklt niksdux `ksjils igghidts hks pjpundtijls. Nks eitjyklshdls nks qudrtikrs lk sk prkllklt pds sustsdggklt klebdrak pjur ekrtdils prj`ngks speifflquks dux qudr-tikrs pduvrks.

PKLCJPEKGKLXU HKU EDVDEIXU B[GDILKU

KX CILDLEIPKU

Nulk hks histeunts vihkltk hk nd vinnk hk Vjiltk-Ljirkkst nd`sklek hul prjardggk hk rklcjrekgklt hksedpdeits bugdilks sur nk pndl tkebliquk kt ilstitu-tijllkn. Ekei pjsk ul prj`ngk rkn pjur ndgnijrdtijlhu rklhkgklt hk trdvdin hdls nks sketkurs hk nd akstijlhknd vinnk, hu suivi tkebliquk hks rskdux rjutikrs kthk ndssdilisskgklt, hks rkejuvrkgklts kt hk nd akstijlhks tdxks kt pnus preisgklt hu gdlquk hk gdtriskkstketivk hk tjutks nks tdxks ejgguldnks. Nk prjekssushk hekltrdnisdtijl hkvrdit tkrgk rankr `jl ljg`rkhk prj`ngks nis dux rkssjureks bugdilks ktfflldleirks.

AJ[SKPLDLEK

CJPEKU CDI@NKUUKU JVVJPX[LIXU GKLDEKU

Xkluk raunirkhk skssijls hu ejlskingulieipdn.

Gdlquk hk ldlekgkltdhqudt.

Detivits pkrgdlkltkshks JLA.

D`sklek hk tkxtkshdppniedtijl.

Kxistklek hul prjardggkhk hvknjppkgklthk nd vinnk.

Kxistklek hks pdrtkldirkshk hvknjppkgklt.

Gdlquk hilcjrgdtijlssur nd akstijl hk nd vinnk.

@jl cjletijllkgklthks strueturks hu qudrtikr.


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44

EDHPK NADN

Nks tkxtks prileipdux sur nk raigk cjleikr kl Ppu`niqukhu Ejlaj sjlt =

-eipks alrdux dppnied`nks du raigk hjgdlidn ktcjleikr du Ejlaj ?

ejhk hu hjgdilk hk ntdt. ?

prjehurk hkxprjpridtijl pjur edusk hutinit

pu`niquk ?

raigk cjleikr kl giniku ur`dil.

Nk ejhk hjgdlidn hffllit qudlt nui, nks ngkltsejlstitutics hu hjgdilk hks pkrsjllks pu`niquks ktkl htkrgilk nd ejlsistdlek. In fflxk nks gjhdnitshdhgilistrdtijl kt hutinisdtijl hks sjns jeeups pdr nkspkrsjllks pu`niquks, hks hpklhdleks hjgdlidnksejlstitutivks hu hjgdilk pu`nie kt hu hjgdilk privdstketks kt ljl dstketks. In rankgkltk, hdls hksejlhitijls htkrgilks pdr nd nji, nks gjhdnits hdhgi-listrdtijl kt hutinisdtijl hu sjn pdr nks pkrsjllks

pu`niquks kt privks qui nks jeeupklt.

Nk hjgdilk pu`nie kt nk hjgdilk priv hks pkrsjllkspu`niquks ejlstituklt nk pdtrigjilk hk ntdt, hksejnnketivits hekltrdnisks kt hks td`nisskgklts pu`nies.Nk hjgdilk pu`nie ejgprklh nklskg`nk hks ìklsqui sjlt dstkets nusdak hirket hu pu`nie, dprs uldgldakgklt speidn ju ejlsihr ejggk ul ìklpu`nie pdr nd nji, duxqukns in cdut dmjutkr nks skrvituhkshutinit pu`niquk.

Nk hjgdilk priv ejgprklh nks ìkls iggjìnikrs quisjlt hdls nk hjgdilk hks pkrsjllks pu`niquks gdis qui,kl rdisjl hk nkur ldturk kt hk nkur cjletijl, lk sjlt pdsejlsihrs ejggk hpklhdltks hu hjgdilk pu`nie.

Nks hrjits hk prjprit privk hjivklt trk dpprjuvsjsteiknnkgklt dffll quul titrk cjleikr sjit hnivr duxprjpritdirks. Nk raigk cjleikr adrdltit nd rkejlldis-sdlek hks hrjits cjleikrs ejutugikrs prkxistdlts. Uin yd ejlffit kltrk nks hrjits ejutugikrs kt nks titrks issushu raigk nadn kl viaukur, nd rkejlldissdlek hks hrjitshk prjprit hks tkrrks situks hdls nd prjxigit hulvinndak, hjit trk h`dttuk kt deekptk pdr nks pjpund-tijls kt nks ilstdleks ju dutjrits njednks ejlekrlks.

Kl jutrk, ejlcjrggklt nd nji, nks pkrsjllks gjrdnkshk hrjit pu`nie sjlt bdìnitks rkejurir nkxprjprid-tijl sins sjlt kl gksurk hk prjuvkr nutinit pu`niquk

hulk tknnk detijl. Nd nji L 44- 0668 pjrtk preisgklt

CJLEIKP

Suk drikllk hk Vjiltk-Ljirk ( HP).


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CJ

LEIKP

0

sur nd prjehurk hkxprjpridtijl pjur eduskhutinit pu`niquk. Ntdt pkut rkprklhrk pjsskssijl hktjus tkrrdils lus, dgldas, `tis, euntivs ju pndlts,sins pkuvklt trk utinks nd rdnisdtijl hk tjus trdvduxpu`nies kt hk tjus dutrks trdvdux hjuvrdaks hiltrtpu`nie, kt pkut prjehkr dux kxprjpridtijls lekssdirks.

Nd prjehurk hkxprjpridtijl sk cdit kl 0 tkgps. In y d ndpbdsk dhgilistrdtivk kt nd pbdsk muhieidirk. Nd pbdskdhgilistrdtivk ejgprklh =

hjlt njuvkrturk kst dlljlek pdr nd pu`niedtijlhul dvis du mjurldn jsteikn.

Nd prjehurk dhgilistrdtivk d pjur j`mketic hilcjrgkrnk pu`nie ejlekrl kt hk nk ejlsuntkr sur ul prjmktsusekpti`nk hk hjllkr niku hks kxprjpridtijls. Nksejlhitijls hjradlisdtijl hk nklqutk prdnd`nk sjltfflxks pdr herkt hu Vrsihklt hk nd Ppu`niquk.

Nd hendrdtijl hutinit pu`niquk kst ndetk pdr nkqukn

nks pjuvjirs pu`nies dstrgklt quk nd rdnisdtijl hulkjprdtijl prskltk ul iltrt alrdn sustsdlt, pjurmustifflkr nk rkejurs nd prjehurk hkxprjpridtijl.Nutinit pu`niquk kst hendrk pdr ul herkt ju ul drrtgilistrikn qui kl fflxk nd hurk hk vdnihit, nd ldturkhks trdvdux, nk prigtrk ejlekrl kt nks hndis pklhdltnksqukns hkvrjlt trk rdniss eks trdvdux. Eks hndislk hjivklt pds kxehkr trjis dls siljl nd prjehurkhkxprjpridtijl kst lunnk.

Nklqutk pdreknndirk pkrgkt ndhgilistrdtijl hkhtkrgilkr nks pdreknnks kxprjprikr, hk rkebkrebkr nksprjpritdirks ejlekrls, nks titundirks hks hrjits rknsiggjìnikrs kt hdutrks iltrkssks. Knnk kst gklk pdr

ulk ejggissijl ejgpjsk =

rkprskltdlt ?

cjleirks ju hk sjl rkprskltdlt ?

igpts, nk edhdstrk, nur`dlisgk, ndarieunturk, ndejnnketivit njednk) ?

-tijl hkdu, nks sjeits hk histriùtijl hnketrieit,nks sjeits hk trdlspjrts, nks sjeits ebdraks hkstnejgguliedtijls.)

Ekst nk edhdstrk qui, hdls ul hndi hk hkux gjis, hrksskul tdt hks nikux dvke nks prjpritdirks. In rulit tjus nkshjeugklts kt nks rklskialkgklts ggk hendirkr ndejggissijl. Nks pdreknnks kxprjprikr, dilsi quk nkshrjits rkns qui nkur jlt t dttriùs, sjlt lugrshdls ndetk hk ekssiìnit qui kst ejlstitu pdr ul jupnusikurs herkts ju drrts gilistrikns. ejgptkr hknd hdtk hilseriptijl sur nks rkaistrks cjleikrs, nd vdnkurhks iggku`nks ejlekrls lk pkut pnus trk gjhifflk.Nilhkglit hkxprjpridtijl kst fflxk hdprs nd vdnkurhks ìkls nd hdtk hu prjes-vkr`dn njrs hk ntdt hksnikux. Ui nkxprjpridlt kst ejlcrjlt hks histeuntshuks nd gduvdisk cji hk nkxprjpri (rkcus hk quittkr nksnikux, hk ehkr nks titrks cjleikrs, kte.), in d nd pjssiìnithk sdhrksskr nd ejggissijl hk ejleinidtijl dvdlt hk

sdisir nks ilstdleks murihiquks.Vdr dinnkurs, si ekrtdilks pkrsjllks ejltkstklt nkxprj-pridtijl ju nk gjltdlt hk nilhkglit, knnks hjivkltpdsskr pdr ul gedlisgk trdlspdrklt hk pndiltks kt hkakstijl hks ejlffits. Nk triùldn hjit kl kstkt trk utinisejggk untigk vjik hk rkejurs. Nd prijrit hkvrd trkdeejrhk nd sdisilk hks ilstdleks njednks (ejggissijlhk ejleinidtijl) qui pjsshklt nks ejgptkleks rknnks ktcjrgknnks hdls nd akstijl kt nk rankgklt hks ejlffitssjeidux.

Du livkdu ldtijldn, ekst nk gilistrk hks Dstdirkscjleirks kt hu hjgdilk pu`nie qui d kl ebdrak nks

qukstijls hk hpndekgklt kt hk rilstdnndtijl hks pkr-sjllks. Kl eds hk prjmkts lekssitdlt nk hpndekgklt ktnd rilstdnndtijl hk pkrsjllks, ek gilistrk ilstruit ndetkdhgilistrdtic hk hendrdtijl hutinit pu`niquk. Du`ksjil, knnk gkt kl pndek hks ejggissijls ebdraks hknvdnudtijl kt hks ilhkglisdtijls.

Nvdnudtijl hks ìkls kt hks tdux hk ejgpklsdtijlsjlt cditks sur nd `dsk hk nd vdnkur dequisk kl prkldltkl ejlsihrdtijl nd pnus-vdnuk alrk hkpuis. Klgdtirk hk ejgpklsdtijl, nks `drgks fflxs pdr ntdtsur nd dsk hk nd hni`rdtijl L 42/2; hu 0; gdrs 492;pjrtdlt sur nduagkltdtijl hk nd vdnkur hk nd ekssijlhjgdlidnk du tkrritjirk ejgguldn, sjlt edhuquks.Ekst pjurquji, nd prjehurk hk ejgpklsdtijl hkvrditrkejurir hks gtbjhks kt hks jutins hvdnudtijl pnusreklts kt pnus mustks.

Njrsquk ntdt hjit kxprjprikr hks tkrrks, ulk ejgpkl-sdtijl kl ldturk kst tjumjurs prejlisk. Ntdt jetrjikhks hrjits cjleikrs predirks kt rvjed`nks. Nd rvjed-tijl hks hrjits hutinisdtijl pdr ntdt (hrjit hk supkr-ffleik, `din, jeeupdtijl irraunirk) hjit trk ejgpklskpdr ndttriùtijl dux jeeupdlts hulk ju hk pnusikurspdreknnks sigindirks.


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@IHJLSINNKU

Nd`sklek hk pndliffledtijl hdls nd akstijl hk nd vinnk kst

dumjurhbui rkspjlsd`nk hk nd ìhjlvinisdtijl hk ljg-`rkux sitks ur`dils. Hulk gdlirk alrdnk, nd tdinnk hknd vinnk ld pds t fflxk sur nd `dsk hilhiedtkurs ejlj-giquk ju sjeij-ur`dil.

Njeeupdtijl hks vinnks lkst pnus sjus nk ejltrnk hksilstdleks hiriakdltks. Cdutk hk h`juebks, hkgpnjisju hul systgk huedtic dpprjpri, nks mkulks sdvkl-turklt vkrs nks ardlhks gtrjpjnks hdls nkspjir hyejlstruirk ul dvklir. Ins bdìtklt alrdnkgklt hdlshks ejlhitijls gisrd`nks, ebkz ul pdrklt ju ulkejlldissdlek, kl dttklhdlt hk trjuvkr ul kgpnji.

Nks qudrtikrs innadux, ilejltrns, sjlt hks nikux qui

ejlekltrklt nks gdndhiks kt nks pihgiks. Ins sjlt dussink niku hk speundtijls fflldleirks hdls nd vkltk hks tkr-rdils, j`niakdlt nks pnus pduvrks jeeupkr nks `krakshks rivirks ju silstdnnkr sur nk hjgdilk pu`nie.

Vjiltk-Ljirk kt nk hpdrtkgklt hu Ojuinju jlt t nksprkgirks njednits `lffleikr hu Vrjardggk hk ndgulieipdnisdtijl deenrk. Hdprs nk ìndl hk ek prj-ardggk, jl ljtk quk nks `ksjils tdit ndrakgklt sjus-vdnu du rkadrh hk ek qui sk cdit hdls nks dutrkshpdrtkgklts.

Nd tutknnk hirketk hk nd ejnnketivit njednk kst dssurk pdrnk gilistrk hk nDhgilistrdtijl hu tkrritjirk, hk nd

hekltrdnisdtijl kt hk nd seurit. Nk ejlskin, pjur sjlgdlhdt dllukn, dhjptk ul prjardggk hk hvknjppk-gklt hk nd vinnk, jriklt ksskltiknnkgklt vkrs ndgnijrd-tijl hks ejlhitijls hk vik hk nd pjpundtijl.Gdnbkurkuskgklt, nk ùhakt ejgguldn lk pkrgkt pdshk rsjuhrk tjus eks prj`ngks qui, du ffln hu tkgps, jltdttkilt hks prjpjrtijls ljrgks.

Nk ejlskin gulieipdn tiklt raunirkgklt sks skssijlspklhdlt nksquknnks in kst cdit ul ìndl hk nkxeutijl huprjardggk. Nk ejlskin igpniquk nks histrklts detkurshk nd akstijl ur`dilk ejggk nd ejggissijl tkebliqukhur`dlisgk, nks gdirks hdrrjlhisskgklts, nks ebkcs hkqudrtikrs, nks JLA, nks rkspjlsd`nks hks gdrebs, kte.

Nd rkspjlsdìnit hk ebdquk strueturk kst igpjrtdltkhdls ekttk ebdilk hdetivit.

UXDXIUXIT[KU U[P ND XYVJNJAIKHK NBD@IXDX

Bdìtdt kl gdtridux hurd`nk ;0,86 %

Bdìtdt kl gdtridux predirks 58,12 %

Bdìtdt rktdlt nd pduvrkt 40,20 %


Hdls sks prjardggks nd Ljuvknnk Ksprdlek (0660-0669) hkvkluk dumjurhbui nk Ebkgil hDvklir nkVrsihklt hk nd Ppu`niquk dxk sks kstjrts kl ardlhk pdr-tik sur nd pjnitiquk hk hvknjppkgklt, visdlt ksskltiknnk-gklt ndgnijrdtijl hks ejlhitijls hk vik hks pjpund-tijls. Jl ljtk nd rdnisdtijl hu prjmkt hk gulieipdnisdtijldeenrk, kxeutk pdr rjtdtijl hdls nks hpdrtkgklts.Hks kstjrts ljrgks jlt t ejlskltis hdls nks hjgdilkssuivdlts =

-gkltdnks ?

sjureks hlkraik (ekltrdnk hIg`junju du ljrh,eknnk hk Hmklj du suh) pjur pkrgkttrk hk sjrtir nkEjlaj hk nd hpklhdlek lkratiquk vis--vis hksjl vjisil nd Ppu`niquk hgjerdtiquk hu Ejlaj.

Nd vinnk hk Vjiltk-Ljirk hvknjppk hks rkndtijls dvkehks pdrtkldirks ìndtrdux kt guntindtrdux hdls nk edhrkhk ndgnijrdtijl hk ejlhitijls hk vik hks pjpundtijlsur`dilks ejggk =

-

ardggks hdgnijrdtijl hks ejlhitijls hk vik hkspjpundtijls ?

ejltrk nd pduvrkt kt hdgnijrdtijl hks ejlhitijlshk vik.

Bdìtdt predirk ( HP).


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88

VPJCIN[P@

DILHKVJILXKLJIPK

AKLPKKXHSKNJVVKGKLX

UJEIX KX T[IX KLXPK NKU UKRKU

Nd pjpundtijl pjltlarilk kst ejgpjsk kl gdmjrithk ckggk. Nk ejlskin gulieipdn ejgptk skunkgklt; ckggks sur 1; gkg`rks. Vjurtdlt, hdls nd vik sjeidnkkt ejljgiquk, nks ckggks mjuklt ul rnk htkrgildlthdls nk hvknjppkgklt hk nd vinnk.

VD[SPKX

Hdls nks qudrtikrs histeinks hk nd vinnk, nks ckggks sjltnks pnus tjuebks pdr nk pbljglk hk pduvrkt. Knnkskxkreklt nks tebks histeinks ju gdn pdyks (trdvduxgldakrs, gdrdebdak, ejggkrek hk htdin kt prjstitu-tijl). Ljg`rkusks sjlt eknnks qui sjlt eni`dtdirks dvkehks klcdlts ebdrak, sdls kgpnji kt gdn njaks.

DEEU ND XKPPK

Ndees nd prjprit cjleirk kst pjssi`nk pjur nd ckggkgdis ejgptk tklu hk nkurs cdi`nks rkvklus, knnks sjltrdrkgklt prjpritdirks hk nkur pdreknnk. Kl kstkt, skunk-gklt 4; % hks ckggks sjlt prjpritdirks Vjiltk-Ljirk. Ggk qudlh knnk trdvdinnk hdls nk gdrdebdak,nks ckggks nk cjlt sur hks tkrrdils qui lk nkur dppdr-tikllklt pds.

CKGGKU KX SIB/UIHD

Nd prvdnklek sur nk pndl ldtijldn kst hk 8,0 % dnjrsquknnk snvk Vjiltk-Ljirk 9,8 % hjlt 3,5 % pjurnks ckggks ejltrk 5,4 % pjur nks bjggks.

EDHPK ILUXIX[XIJLLKN

Nk gilistrk hk nd Vrjgjtijl hk nd ckggk d pjurj`mketic hk prjgjuvjir nk rnk hk nd ckggk kt hk nuihjllkr njppjrtulit hdeehkr dux hivkrs skrviekssjeidux hk dsk. Nk ejlskin gulieipdn silvksti d trdvkrs

hks detivits hkledhrkgklt, hdihk dffll hk prjgju-vjir ekttk dpprjebk.

EDHPK NADN

Nks kstjrts du livkdu ldtijldn pjur nd rhuetijl hkniladnit kltrk nks skxks sk ejlertisklt hdls nks tkxtks,nks njis kt nks rankgklts. Nd Ejlstitutijl hk 0660rkejlldit tjut eitjykl nks ggks hrjits kt hkvjirssdls histiletijl hk skxk kt hjllk nd pjssiìnit, dvke ndggk adnit hks ebdleks, tjut eitjykl hk pdrtieipkr nd akstijl hks dstdirks hk ntdt.

XD@NKD[ EJGVDPDXIC HKU CKGGKU

ND AJ[SKPLDLEK [P@DILKVjstks rkspjlsd inits Vjurekltdaks

Gkg`rks hu ejlskingulieipdn 1 %

Dhgilistrdtkurshdrrjlhisskgklts 0; %

Ukertdirks alrduxhks drrjlhisskgklts 6 %

Ebkcs hk qudrtikrs 5,3 %

XD@NKD[ EJGVDPDXIC HKU CKGGKU ND AJ[SKPLDLEK EJLJGIT[K

Ilhiedtkurs Vjurekltdaks

Kccketics hdls nd cjletijlpu`niquk Vjiltk-Ljirk 3 %

Ckggks dakltsgulieipdux Vjiltk-Ljirk 0; %

Ckggks hirketrieks hksjeits Vjiltk-Ljirk 4; %

Ckggks jprdtkurs

ejljgiquks hk `jllivkdu 46 %

Ckggks trdvdinndlt hdlsnk sketkur ilcjrgkn 8; %

AKLPK KX HSKNJVVKGKLX

VPIJPIXU IHKLXICIKU

Pklcjrekr nks edpdeits hks ckggks hdls nk hjgdilkhk nd ajuvkrldlek ur`dilk kt hk nejljgik ?

Vkrgkttrk ul gkinnkur dees nd sdlt, nhued-tijl, nd seurit kt nbdìtdt ?

Gkttrk kl pndek ul pjrtkckuinnk gilistrikn ebdrahk nd prjgjtijl hk nd ckggk ?

Cdvjriskr ndetijl hks JLA hdls nk edhrk hk nkled-hrkgklt kt hk nd sklsiìnisdtijl hk nd ckggk sur nksdspkets nis dux pjssiìnits quk nui jstrk nd sjeit.


15/18

4;4;

VPJCIN[P@DILHKVJILXK-LJIPK-KLSIPJLLKGKLX

4;

KLSIPJLLKGKLX

Nk Ejlaj, ilenudlt nk `dssil cjrkstikr hu Ejlaj, kstnul hks pdys hDcriquk nks pnus dvdles ejlekrldlt nksrankgkltdtijls klvirjllkgkltdnks. Nks tkxtks prjgun-auk ekt kstkt gjltrklt ìkl nkladakgklt hk ntdtejlajndis pjur nd prjtketijl hk nklvirjllkgklt tdlthdls nks vinnks quk hdls nk giniku rurdn.

Gdnar nks hispjsitijls nadnks hk nd nji hk 4994 sur nkl-virjllkgklt, Vjiltk-Ljirk prskltk ul td`nkdu pkucdvjrd`nk sur nk pndl klvirjllkgkltdn. Jl ejlstdtk =

hbyhrjedrùrks, hk sdes pndstiquks, hk `jutkinnks, nknjla hks etks gdrilks ?

pjnnudlt ljrggklt ndtgjspbrk ?

kltrdlk hk ardvks prj`ngks hilsdnu`rit.

VPIJPIXU IHKLXICIKU

Ilcjrgkr nks pjpundtijls sur nks gtbjhks hkprskrvdtijl hk nklvirjllkgklt ?

Pk`jiskr nd vinnk ? Peuprkr nks zjlks gdredakusks pjur nks

eunturks gdrdebrks.

Kl jutrk, nd hcjrkstdtijl kt nks pndltdtijls ilhustriknnksejltriùklt nd hkstruetijl hk nklvirjllkgklt,ljtdggklt du trdvkrs hk anisskgklts hk tkrrdils kthiljlhdtijls. Eks iljlhdtijls, ljg`rkusks hurdlt ndsdisjl hks pnuiks, dttkialklt ulk bdutkur hk 6,3 g 4 g kt prjvjquklt hks ilcketijls kt hks ejltdgildtijlsdu skil hks pjpundtijls vjisilks kt nd hkstruetijl hksbdìtdtijls predirks.

Hcjrkstdtijl ( HP).


16/18

333


HSKNJVVKGKLXEJLJGI

T[KNJEDN

XDX HKU NIK[R HKU HICCPKLXU UKEXK[PU

HDEXISIXUNd rpdrtitijl hk nd ejltriùtijl du VI@ pdr sketkur hknejljgik sk prskltk ejggk suit =

pripbriquk = 40 % ?

du ekltrk-vinnk = 81,1 % ?

-gkrek, dhgilistrdtijl pu`niquk, skrvieks gdr-ebdlhs) = 84,5 %.

Ndetivit ptrjnirk ejlstituk tjumjurs nk sketkur prilei-pdn hk nejljgik pjltlarilk. Knnk kgpnjik `kduejuphk gdil-huvrk kt erk `kduejup hdetivits hk sjus-trditdlek. Nd prsklek hu pjrt, nkssjr hks skrvieks, dilsiquk nd ejlstruetijl hul drjpjrt iltkrldtijldn jlt cdithk Vjiltk-Ljirk ulk eit hk prkgirk igpjrtdlek pjurnk ejggkrek dcriedil kt gjlhidn. Nd vinnk hk Vjiltk-Ljirk dssurk kl kstkt 25 % hks rkekttks ùhatdirks huEjlaj. Ujl ilhustrik kst quknquk pku hivkrsifflk = prj-huetijl hk adz, trdlscjrgdtijl hu `jis, ebigik, kte.

Nd situdtijl hk nkgpnji kst trs cdvjrd`nk, ek qui d prj-vjqu ul kxjhk rurdn vkrs Vjiltk-Ljirk. In cdut dmjutkr eknd nd gisk kl pndek hk nd nialk hk ebkgil hk ckr rknidlt

Vjiltk-Ljirk @rdzzdvinnk qui ljl skunkgklt d alrhk ljg`rkux kgpnjis, gdis qui d dussi pkrgis hk hskl-endvkr nd pdrtik suh hu pdys. Gdis dvke nduagkltdtijlkstrlk hk nd pjpundtijl kt nks histeunts ejljgiqukshk ekrtdils sketkurs, nks ebkrebkurs hkgpnji jlt h sktjurlkr vkrs hks hjgdilks pnus speidniss.

Hkpuis nk hùt hks dllks 4996, nejljgik ilcjrgknnk,cditk hk guntipnks ejggkreks kt skrvieks skst `kduejuphvknjppk, pkut-trk pjur rpjlhrk du ebgdak quitjuebdit pnus pdrtieunirkgklt nks pkrsjllks hipngks.Ek sketkur kgpnjik hjle ul ljg`rk igpjrtdlt hk

mkulks. Ekpklhdlt, nkgpnji hks ckggks hkgkurk trs

cdi`nk edr nd sjeit gjhkrlk nkur jstrk trs pku hjppjr-tulits, skunkgklt 48,1; % hkltrk knnks trdvdinnklt.86 % hk nd pjpundtijl trdvdinnk hdls nk sketkur pu`nieejltrk 36 % hdls nk sketkur priv ju ilcjrgkn.


Hdls nk sketkur tkrtidirk, 0 hjgdilks jstrklt hks jppjrtu-lits hk hvknjppkgklt kt gritkrdiklt htrk rklcjres =

`jl vivrk. Ejgpdrk @rdzzdvinnk, nk `dlhitisgk ykst gjils igpjrtdlt. Nk ekltrk-vinnk ejgptk hk

ljg`rkux hiffleks brits hk nd prijhk ejnjlidnk = ndadrk, ebkc-huvrk hks dllks 4956 kt hdutrks hi-ffleks rkgdrqud`nks ejggk nd edtbhrdnk Ljtrk-Hdgk, nd ebdg`rk hk ejggkrek ju klejrk nd pjstkekltrdnk. Nks pndaks hk Njdlaj kt hk nd Vjiltk-Ilhikllk sjlt hks nikux hk htkltk hk tjutk `kdut.Nks ajraks hk Hijssj ju nk nde Ldlad nd sjrtik suhhk nd vinnk sjlt dussi hks nikux qui gritklt nk htjur.

Du ekltrk-vinnk, klffll, jl pkut trjuvkr ul gdreb jsk vklh hk ndrtisdldt ?

nk trdlspjrt kl ejggul kst ul hjgdilk ar pdr hksjprdtkurs privs qui kxpnjitklt nks ùs, nks tdxis ju

nks tdxis-ejgguls. Dilsi, hk ljg`rkux rsihklts hknd vinnk hpklhklt hk eks tdxis ju giliùs ilcjrgkns.Nk ebkgil hk ckr skrt surtjut du trdlspjrt vkrs nil-trikur hks tkrrks kt vkrs @rdzzdvinnk. Vjiltk-Ljirkkst, pdr dinnkurs, rknik tjutks nks vinnks hu pdys pdrvjik drikllk, ckrrjvidirk ju pdr nd rjutk. Ndrjpjrt

Dajstilj-Lktj kst ul drjpjrt iltkrldtijldn, hks-skrvi pdr hk guntipnks ejgpdaliks drikllks hjlt

Dir Crdlek, Nuctbdlsd, Pjydn Dir Gdrje, KtbijpdlDirnilks, Uwiss, XDDA Dlajnd, XD@ @klil, UjutbDcriedl Dirnilks, kte.

HSKNJVVKGKLX EJLJGIT[K NJEDN

Sklhkur hk pdil hdls nd ruk ( HP).Vebkurs ( HP).


17/18

4141

VPJCIN[P@DILHKVJILXK-LJIPK-UKPSIEKU[P@DILUHK@DUK

41

XDX HKU NIK[R HKU UKPSIEKU [P@DILU

HK @DUK

DEEUNKD[VJXD@NK

Gdnar hk ardlhks dvdles hdls nk sketkur hk nkdu, hksprj`ngks su`sistklt hdls nd vinnk, nd Ujeit ldtijldnkhk histriùtijl hkdu tdlt nigitk pdr sks gjykls. In klkst hk ggk pjur nk ejlskin gulieipdn sdebdlt quk nksgjykls dnnjus pdr ntdt hkgkurklt hrisjirks. Dilsi,prs hk ;; % hk nd pjpundtijl ld pds dees nkdupjtd`nk. Nk rskdu byhrduniquk, ìkl quk vtustk, rkstktrs igpjrtdlt, arek ljtdggklt nd prsklek hkquknquks cjrdaks.

DUUDILIUUKGKLX

Nk rskdu hdssdilisskgklt hdtk hks dllks 49;6, in ksthsjrgdis j`sjntk ju hcketukux kt lk rpjlh pnus dux`ksjils hks pjpundtijls. Higpjrtdltks iljlhdtijlssjlt hpnjrkr trdvkrs tjutk nd vinnk dprs hk cjrtkspnuiks. Njeeupdtijl dldrebiquk hks `kraks hks rivirks kthks zjlks gdredakusks ejltriùklt cjrtkgklt dux prj-`ngks hvdeudtijl hks kdux pnuvidnks kt eks iljlhd-tijls. Hu cdit hk nilkxistklek hul rskdu hajut dh-qudt, nks kdux usks sjlt vdeuks pdr nks systgkssuivdlts =

diss ?

EJNNKEXKHKUHEBKXUUJNIHKU

Kl hkbjrs hks gdrebs ekltrdux, nk systgk hk rdgds-sdak kt hk trditkgklt hks jrhurks kst nigit du ekltrk-vinnk kt ilkxistdlt hdls nks qudrtikrs pripbriquks.Ekpklhdlt, nd gulieipdnit hk Vjiltk-Ljirk viklthdequrir hks vbieunks pjur ul rdgdssdak pnus pkrcjr-gdlt hks jrhurks. Nd vinnk lk hispjsk pds detuknnkgklthulk hebdrak pu`niquk ejltrnk ju hulk stdtijl hktrditkgklt hks jrhurks.

DEEUNLKPAIK

Ndees nnketrieit kst trs prj`ngdtiquk Vjiltk-Ljirk = knnk ejtk ebkr kt nd histriùtijl kst trs irrau-nirk. Vjur nks ejuebks nks pnus pduvrks, nd cdeturk pkutejrrkspjlhrk 56 % hu rkvklu hu gldak. Nk ljg`rkhd`jlls nd Ujeit ldtijldnk hnketrieit snvk

846 566 bdìtdlts, sjit 51,5 % hk nd pjpundtijl.Dvke nd ejlstruetijl hulk ljuvknnk ekltrdnk nketriqukdnigkltk du adz, nd situdtijl skst narkgklt dgnijrk.Gdis nd pnupdrt hks gldaks hgulis utinisklt tjumjurs

nks ndgpks ptrjnk pjur sendirkr. Nks crqukltks

`dissks hk tklsijls pjsklt hks prj`ngks qujtihikls duxutinisdtkurs prjvjqudlt nks pdllks hks dppdrkins nketrj-gldakrs. Nk adz hk euisilk kst utinis pdr klvirjl 0; %hk nd pjpundtijl, nk rkstk utinisk nk `jis hk ebdustk ju nkebdr`jl. Jl sialdnkrd klffll quk pjur 26 % hk nd vinnk,nendirdak pu`nie kst ilkxistdlt, ek qui pjsk hljrgksprj`ngks hk seurit, surtjut hdls nks qudrtikrs pduvrkskt nks zjlks pripbriquks.

EIPE[NDXIJL[P@DILKKXILCPDUXP[EX[PKUPJ[XIPKU

Hdls nd vinnk hk Vjiltk-Ljirk, nksskltikn hks vjiriksìtugks sjlt ejlekltrks du ekltrk-vinnk, nks dutrks

vjiks sjlt kl tkrrk. In cdut ljtkr quk nk rskdu rjutikrìtug d ejllu ulk nark prjarkssijl eks hkrlirksdllks, dvke quknquks vjiks dgldaks trdvkrsdlt nks8 drrjlhisskgklts pkrgkttdlt ndees ekrtdilks zjlkspriur`dilks. Gdis ntdt hu rskdu rjutikr hdls nkl-skg`nk rkstk hsdstrkux. Ui du ekltrk-vinnk jl eireunkdvke histeunt (kg`jutkinndaks), nd eireundtijl hdls nkszjlks pripbriquks kst trs histeink kt ggk pdrcjisigpjssi`nk pklhdlt nd sdisjl hk pnuiks.

UKPSIEKU [P@DILU HK @DUK

VPIJPIXU IHKLXICIKU

Gkttrk kl pndek ul systgk hk ejnnketk kt hk trditk-gklt hks jrhurks gldarks ?

Gkttrk kl pndek ul rskdu hvdeudtijl pjur nkskdux pnuvidnks ?

Gkttrk kl pndek ul prjardggk pjur dgnijrkrndees nkdu pjtd`nk kt nnketrieit pjur nk pnusardlh ljg`rk.

Kg`jutkinndak hdls ulk hks ruks prileipdnks hk nd vinnk ( HP).


18/18

VPJCIN [P@DIL HK VJILXK-LJIPK

Nk prjndak ur`dil ejlsistk kl ulk vdnudtijl rdpihk hks ejlhitijls hk vik ur`dilk, dl hk hlir nks detijls gklkr, kl

ihkltidlt nks `ksjils prijritdirks, sur nk rklcjrekgklt hks edpdeits lekssdirk kt sur nks rpjlsks ilstitutijllknnks pjssi`nks

dux livkdux njedn kt ldtijldn. Nk ùt hk ekttk tuhk kst hk hvknjppkr nks pjnitiquks hk rhuetijl hk nd pduvrkt ur`dilk dux

livkdux njedn, raijldn kt ldtijldn, trdvkrs ulk vdnudtijl hks `ksjils kt hks gedlisgks hk rpjlsk, kt hk ejltriùkr nd

gisk kl uvrk ardlhk ebknnk hks J`mketics hu ginnldirk pjur nk hvknjppkgklt. Ntuhk kst dsk sur ndldnysk hks hjllks

kxistdltks kt sur ulk srik hkltrktikls dvke tjutks nks pdrtiks prkldltks, y ejgpris nks ejggulduts kt nks ilstitutijls njednks,

nd sjeit eivink, nk sketkur priv, nks pdrtkldirks du hvknjppkgklt, nks ulivkrsitdirks, kte. Nd ejlsuntdtijl d`jutit alrdnkgklt

ul deejrh ejggul sur nks prijrits kt sur nkur hvknjppkgklt trdvkrs hks edgpdalks hk rklcjrekgklt hks edpdeits kt

hdutrks prjmkts visdlt tjus, nd rhuetijl hk nd pduvrkt ur`dilk. Ek prjndak ur`dil kst gis kl uvrk hdls 56 pdys hDcriquk,

hks Edrd`ks kt hu Vdeiquk, jccrdlt nd pjssiìnit hk cdirk ulk dldnysk ejgpdrdtivk kltrk eks hiccrklts pdys. [lk cjis tkrgilk,

ekttk srik htuhks pjurrd skrvir hk `dsk hk rkxijl dux dutjrits ekltrdnks kt njednks, dux detkurs ur`dils, dilsi qudux

`dinnkurs hk cjlhs kt dux dakleks hdihks kxtrikurks.

BU Lug`kr= BU/445/40C

IU@L Lug`kr= (Ukriks) 912-90-4-450605-1

IU@L Lug`kr= (Sjnugk) 912-90-4-450;01-6

Vrjardggk hks Ldtijls [liks pjur nks td`nisskgklts Bugdils

V.J @jx 56656 - 66466, Ldirjì, Oklyd

Xkn= +0;8-06-1305406

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République du Congo: Profil Urbain de Pointe-Noire

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