Prélèvement à la source & Impôt sur le revenu

8/3/2019 Prlvement la source & Impt sur le revenu

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LHG\NKB CN\ YUBTN@NGS\HEBKFJSHKUN\

YUBTN@NGS\ BJ \H^ULN

$ K@YS \^U BN UNTNG^

dtuknu 59:5


2/208

Bn Lhg|nkb cn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| n|s lmjufc&jyyulknu b&thb~skhg ns b&k`yjls lhgh`kz~n" |hlkjb nse~cfsjkun cn b&ng|n`ebn cn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun|" jkg|k

z~n cn dhu`~bnu cn| unlh``jgcjskhg| |~u sh~sn z~n|skhg unbjsktnj~} yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| -bhk g599>= c~ 59 jtukb599>+'

Lhg|nkb cn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun|Yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln ns k`ys |~u bn untng~ - dtuknu 59:5

mssy1((vvv'llh`ysn|'du(du(LYH(Jll~nkb'ms`b


3/208

Bn| ujyyhus|c~ Lhg|nkb cn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun|

Ghtnèun 59:: B&jlsktks c~ Lhg|nkb cn| yubtn`ngs|hebkfjshkun| yh~u bn| jggn| 5994 59::

@jk 59:: Yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| |~u bn| `gjfn| 1yuhfun||ktks ns nddns| unck|suke~skd|

Hlsheun 59:9 Ngsunyuk|n| ns %gklmn|% dk|ljbn| ns |hlkjbn| Cn|ck|yh|kskd| cuhfjshkun| ghèun~}

@jk 59:9 Bj dk|ljbks bhljbn

Hlsheun 599; Bn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| cn| ngsunyuk|n| cjg|~gn lhgh`kn fbhejbk|n

@ju| 599; Bn yjsuk`hkgn cn| `gjfn|

Ghtnèun 599= Bj uyjuskskhg cn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun|ngsun fgujskhg| ns bj z~n|skhg cn b&z~ks kgsnufgujskhggnbbn

@ju| 599= \ng| ns bk`ksn| cn bj lh`yjujk|hg cn| yubtn`ngs|hebkfjshkun| ngsun yj{| ctnbhyy|

@ju| 599= Bn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| cn| kgcyngcjgs|

@ju| 5996 Bj duj~cn j~} yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| ns |hglhgsubn




4/208

Bn Lhg|nkb cn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| n|s yu|kc yju @' Ckcknu@KFJ^C" Yun`knu yu|kcngs cn bj Lh~u cn| lh`ysn|'

Kb lh`yungc 1

@' Jbjkg YKLMHG" yu|kcngs cn lmjèun bj Lh~u cn| lh`ysn|"\~yybjgs bn Yun`knu yu|kcngs cn bj Lh~u cn| lh`ysn|"

Ng |hgs `nèun| 1

@' Uhenus EJLHGGKNU" yu|kcngs ns cbf~ fgujb cnbj||hlkjskhg gjskhgjbn cn| |hlks| yju jlskhg|"

@`n Jggn EHBBKNS" kg|ynlsukln fgujbn cn| dkgjgln|" @' Dujghk| LJBTJUKG" yu|kcngs ckunlsn~u fgujb cn\HÛKJ^"

@' AnjgDujghk| LMJCNBJS" ckunlsn~u c~ dhgc| cn dkgjgln`ngscn bj yuhsnlskhg lh`yb`ngsjkun cn bj lh~tnus~un ~gktnu|nbbn c~uk|z~n `jbjckn"

@' ukl LMJGN[" lmnd lhgh`k|sn c&J]J"@' AnjgYknuun LH\\KG" lhg|nkbbnu `jsun bj Lh~u cn| lh`ysn|"@' Jbjkg LMJYYNUS" kg|ynlsn~u fgujb cn bKG\NN"@' Ch`kgkz~n C^BKG" lhg|nkbbnu bj Lh~u cn lj||jskhg"

@' @klmnb CÛJDDHÛF" kg|ynlsn~u fgujb cn| jddjkun||hlkjbn|"

@`n @juknJggn DUK\HGUHLMN" yuhdn||n~un jfufn cn| djl~bs| cn Cuhks" yuhdn||n~u cn| ^gktnu|ks| bKg|sks~s cs~cn|yhbkskz~n| cn Yjuk|" @' Fujuc FKB@JGS" ckunlsn~u cn bÛ\\JD cn bj \nkgn@juksk`n" @' Jbjkg FÊKJG" ckunlsn~u |sjsk|skz~n ns ckunlsn~u dkgjglknu cnbjfngln lngsujbn cn| hufjgk|`n| cn |l~uks |hlkjbn"

@' Ymkbkyyn @JUSKG" lhg|nkbbnu c&sjs"@' Fkbbn| cn UHEKNG" jglkng `kgk|sun" Jèj||jcn~u lmjuf cn bj

yuh`hskhg" cn bj lhm|khg |hlkjbn" cbf~ c~ Fh~tnugn`ngsj~yu| cn b&Hufjgk|jskhg kgsnugjskhgjbn c~ sujtjkb"

@' Fujuc @HK\\NBKG" yudns" @' Jbjkg SUJGGH[" yuhdn||n~u jfuf cn| djl~bs| c&lhgh`kn"ckunlsn~u c&s~cn| blhbn cn| mj~sn| s~cn| ng |lkngln| |hlkjbn|"




5/208

LHG\NKB CN\ YUBTN@NGS\ HEBKFJSHKUN\4

Bn |nlusjukjs c~ Lhg|nkb cn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| n|s j||~uyju 1

@`n Ljsmnukgn C@KNU" lhg|nkbbun `jsun bj Lh~u cn|lh`ysn|" |nlusjkun fgujbn c~ Lhg|nkb cn| yubtn`ngs|hebkfjshkun|"

@`n Ajlz~nbkgn F^KBBHG" lmjufn cn `k||khg j~ |nlusjukjsfgujb c~ Lhg|nkb cn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun|'

Bn ujyyhus" yu|ngs yju @' YknuunN``jg~nb SMKJUC" kg|ynlsn~ucn| dkgjgln|" ujyyhusn~u fgujb" j s cbkeu ns juus j~ lh~u|cn bj |jgln c~ :3 dtuknu 59:5'

Bn| s~cn| yubk`kgjkun| j~ ujyyhus hgs s nddnls~n| yju 1

@' [jggFjb J@FMJU" kg|ynlsn~u cn| jddjkun| |hlkjbn|"@`n @juknJ|sukc cn EJU@HG" j~cksukln j~ Lhg|nkb c&sjs"@' Tkglngs LBJ^CHG" kg|ynlsn~u cn| dkgjgln|"@`n \jgcuj CN\@NSSUN" kg|ynlsukln cn| dkgjgln|"@' Au`n KSS[" kg|ynlsn~u cn| dkgjgln|"@' \ej|skng TNBNQ" jc`kgk|sujsn~u bj Lh``k||khg cn| dkgjgln|cn b&J||n`ebn gjskhgjbn

Yju jkbbn~u|" hgs s j~ckskhgg| yju bn Lhg|nkb 1

@' Dujghk| J^TKFGN" kg|ynlsn~u fgujb cn| dkgjgln|" @' Engaj`kg CNBHQKNU" lmnd c~ e~unj~ s~cn| dk|ljbn| bjckunlskhg fgujbn c~ Su|hu" jtnl bn lhglh~u| cn @bbn Lbjkun

@HGSKJBH^] ns cn @' Tkglngs EHGAH^U'

Ln| s~cn| |hgs cn| chl~`ngs| cn sujtjkb g&ngfjfnjgs yj| ngsjgs z~n snb| bn Lhg|nkb cn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| ns |hgslhg|~bsjebn| |~u bn |ksn kgsnugns cn bj Lh~u cn| lh`ysn|"u~eukz~n LYH'




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KGSUHC^LSKHG

YUN@KUN YJUSKN

CDKGKSKHG\" YUK@SUN NS JTJGSJFN\ LH@YJUJUSKD\C^ YUBTN@NGS\ BJ \H^ULN

Lmjyksun KBj unsng~n bj |h~uln ng Dujgln 1 unsh~u |~u ~g cejs jglkng

K' Bn| hukfkgn| 1 bj eutn n}yukngln c~ |shyyjfn bj |h~uln ns |hg jejgchg -:;;+ :6KK' Bj unbjgln jthusn c~ yuhans cjg| ~g lhgsn}sn cn `hcnugk|jskhg cn bk`ys -:;49:;63+ :=KKK' Bn| cejs| cn bj cnugkun clnggkn 1 bj unsng~n bj |h~uln" yuhfu| h~ `ngjln yh~u bn||jbjuk| -:;;95996+' 59

Lmjyksun KKCdkgkskhg| ns yuk`sun cn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln

K' Yb~|kn~u| jyyuhlmn| |hgs yh||kebn| yh~u cdkgku bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln 5KKK' Z~nb u|nj~ cn unlh~tun`ngs lmhk|ku 8'' :63KT Lh``ngs uyjusku bn| un|yhg|jekbks| ngsun bn lhgsuke~jebn" bn sknu| yj{n~u nsb&jc`kgk|sujskhg 8'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' :6;

T' \{gsm|n cn| lmhk} yh||kebn| |~u bn| `hcjbks| cn unlh~tun`ngs c&~g k`ys |~u bn untng~yubnt bj |h~uln'' :=4

Lmjyksun KKK@hcjbks| yh||kebn| cn sujg|kskhg tnu| ~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln cn b&k`ys |~u bn untng~

K' Lh``ngs funu bj |~yyun||khg c~ cljbjfn sn`yhunb ngsun bn| untng~| ns b&k`yslhuun|yhgcjgs 8' :=;KK' Ng lj| cn |~yyun||khg cn bj cnugkun jggn cn unlnssn| dk|ljbn|" z~nb |hus u|nutnu j~}cyng|n| dk|ljbn| lhuun|yhgcjgsn| 8'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' :;>KKK' Lh``ngs bk`ksnu bn| je~| z~k yh~uujkngs gjsun cn bj sujg|kskhg ngsun b&jglkng ns bngh~tnj~ |{|s`n cn unlh~tun`ngs 8'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 59"6 `kbbkhg| ng :;49 :9"> `kbbkhg| ng :;69" |hks ~gch~ebn`ngs ng ck} jg| ns" ng :;6;" bk`ys |~u bn untng~ n|s c|hu`jk|yj{ yju 4


16/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \HÛLN NS K@YS \Û BN UNTNG^ :;

^gn kgkskjsktn n|s ngfjfn ng :;44 yju bn `kgk|sun cn| dkgjgln|@klmnb Cneu" y~k| ~gn lh``k||khg cs~cn kg|sjbbn dkg :;46 |h~| bjyu|kcngln c~ |nlusjkun csjs blhgh`kn ns j~} dkgjgln| Ajlz~n|Lmkujl:3' @jk| bn yuhans n|s dkgjbn`ngs jejgchgg bj |~ksn cn|tgn`ngs| cn `jk :;4=" |hg k`yjls |~u bn| |jbjkun| gns| |~|lksjgsbmh|skbks cn| hufjgk|jskhg| |{gckljbn|:>' Bn sn}sn cn| jllhuc| cnFungnbbn c~ 56 `jk :;4= kgckz~n ng nddns |hg yhkgs :: dk|ljbks 1 Kb gn |nuj yj| yuhyh| cj||~anssku bn| |jbjuk| j~ ufk`n cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln '

Bn |~ans n|s gh~tnj~ cejss~ |~ksn bj y~ebkljskhg c~g ujyyhuscn bKg|ynlskhg fgujbn cn| dkgjgln| ng :;6::4' Lnb~klk ceh~lmn cjg|~g yun`knu sn`y| |~u bj bhk c~ 5; a~kg :;6: kg|sj~ujgs bn yjkn`ngs`ng|~jbk| cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~:6'

Y~k| ~g yuhans cn unsng~n bj |h~uln cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ n|skgsuhc~ks yju j`ngcn`ngs fh~tnugn`ngsjb ng hlsheun :;6< bhu| c~ cejs|~u bn yuhans cn bhk cn dkgjgln| yh~u :;63' Bn `kgk|sun cn| dkgjgln| Tjbnu{Fk|ljuc cN|sjkgf a~|skdkn jbhu| bj `n|~un yju bj gln||ks cn `hcnugk|nubk`ys ns cn uc~kun bn| dhu`jbks| jc`kgk|sujsktn| k`yh|n| j~}lhgsuke~jebn|' Jchys ng yun`kun bnls~un bJ||nèbn gjskhgjbn" kb n|sdkgjbn`ngs jejgchgg j~ lh~u| cn cejs ng ujk|hg cn bmh|skbks `jan~unz~kb |~|lksn |~u cn~} yhkgs| 1 bj ynusn c~ bkng lksh{ng z~n lhg|sks~n bn djks

cn yj{nu bk`ys |~u bn untng~ ns bj lujkgsn z~n ln yuhans |~|lksn cn|untngckljskhg| |jbjukjbn| kglhgsubjebn| lh``n bn u|~`jks bn ujyyhusn~ufgujb c~ \gjs byhz~n 1 Bn |jbjuk dujgjk| j bmjeks~cn" ns ln|sc~ un|sn m~`jkg" cn gn lhg|kcunu z~n bn `hgsjgs gns cn |j dn~kbbn cn yjkn' Yn~ b~k k`yhusn |j u`~gujskhg smhukz~n |k lnbbnlk |n suh~tnj`y~sn cn cktnu|n| `jgkun|' _P Bsjs |n clmjufnujks jkg|k |~u bn|n`ybh{n~u| cn bk`yhy~bjuks cn bj yhglskhg dk|ljbn ln z~k" cjg| bn lbk`js|hlkjb dujgjk|" uk|z~nujks cngsujgnu cn fujtn| uynul~||khg|' Hg yn~slujkgcun" yju lhg|z~ngs" z~n bj unsng~n bj |h~uln gngsujgn cn|untngckljskhg| fgujbk|n| ng `jskun cn |jbjkun| '

Bn yuhans n|s chgl cdkgksktn`ngs jejgchgg ng :;63'

:3 Fh~tnugn`ngs Yh`ykch~ -KT+' Lks kg F' Cnbhu`n"Cn Ukthbk Enul{ 1 |h~tngku|c~g kg|ynlsn~u cn| dkgjgln| :;>5:;;=" Lh`ks yh~u b&mk|shkun lhgh`kz~n nsdkgjglkun cn bj Dujgln" 5999':> Bn yubtn`ngs cn bk`ys |~u bn |jbjkun eu~s bhu| cn |hg tnu|n`ngs j~ |jbjuk |nsujc~ks `ljgkz~n`ngs yju ~gn ejk||n c~ gns ynu~ bj yun`kun jggn cn `k|n ng ybjlnc~ |{|s`n':4 A' Cnb`j|" Y' Ekbfnu" Ujyyhus j~ @kgk|sun |~u bn unlh~tun`ngs cn bk`ys |~u bnuntng~" Yjuk|" :;69':6 Bhk g 6:>9> c~ 5; a~kg :;6: yhusjgs kg|sks~skhg c~g yjkn`ngs `ng|~nb cn bk`ys|~u bn untng~'




17/208

59 LHG\NKB CN\ YUBTN@NGS\ HEBKFJSHKUN\

KKK Bn| cejs| cn bj cnugkun clnggkn 1 bj unsng~n bj |h~uln" yuhfu| h~ `ngjln yh~u bn| |jbjuk| 8

-:;;95996+

Bj unsng~n bj |h~uln cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ n|s gh~tnj~thz~n cjg| bn cejs dk|ljb dujgjk| yjusku cn| jggn| :;;9'

Bj `hcnugk|jskhg lhgskg~n cn| `smhcn| cn sujtjkb cnbjc`kgk|sujskhg dk|ljbn j~ lh~u| cn| jggn| :;=9 ns bn| ce~s| cn

bkgdhu`jsk|jskhg ynu`nssngs ng nddns cngtk|jfnu cn| |hb~skhg| gh~tnbbn|j~} yuheb`n| snlmgkz~n| z~n yh~tjks yh|nu bj unsng~n bj |h~uln' Cn||h~uln| k`yhusjgsn| cn |k`ybkdkljskhg cn| c`julmn| yh~u bn| ~|jfnu| nsclhgh`kn| cn fn|skhg yh~u bjc`kgk|sujskhg |hgs jssngc~n| cn bjc`jsukjbk|jskhg gjk||jgsn cn| yuhlc~un| clbjujsktn| h~ cn yjkn`ngs'Ngdkg" bkgsuhc~lskhg cn bj lhgsuke~skhg |hlkjbn fgujbk|n ng :;;9dh~ugks ~g n}n`ybn `hcnugn ns u~||k cn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln |~u bn|untng~| cn| gjfn|'

Yb~|kn~u| ujyyhus| yunggngs yh|kskhg ng djtn~u cn bj unsng~n bj|h~uln cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~" ng yjuskl~bknu bn ujyyhus cn bj `k||khglh`yjujsktn cn| jc`kgk|sujskhg| dk|ljbn| cks ujyyhus Bykgn cn :;;; :=ns bn ujyyhus cn bj @k||khg 599< y~ebk ng 5999 :;' Yb~|kn~u| sujtj~}|jssjlmngs cdkgku cn| |lgjukh| yh||kebn| cn `k|n ng ~tun c~gn snbbnudhu`n" ghsj``ngs ~g ujyyhus cn bKg|ynlskhg fgujbn cn| dkgjgln| ng:;;=59 ns ~g ujyyhus c~ `kgk|sun cn blhgh`kn ns cn| dkgjgln| ng 59955:'@jbfu ln lhgsn}sn fgujb djthujebn j~ yuhans ghghe|sjgs z~nbz~n|y~ebkljskhg| yb~| u|nutn|55 thkun mh|skbn|5< kb g{ n|s yj| chgg |~ksn j~lh~u| cn bj clnggkn :;;9'

:= Kg|ynlskhg fgujbn cn| dkgjgln|" @k||khg cjgjb{|n lh`yjujsktn cn|jc`kgk|sujskhg| dk|ljbn|" `ju| :;;;':; Y' Lmj`y|j~u" Sm' Enus" @k||khg 599< 1 lhg|su~kun ng|n`ebn bn |nutkln y~ebkl cncn`jkg" `kgk|sun cn blhgh`kn" cn| dkgjgln| ns cn bkgc~|sukn" Bj chl~`ngsjskhgdujgjk|n" ajgtknu 5999'59 Kg|ynlskhg fgujbn cn| dkgjgln|" Bj `k|n ng ybjln c~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln ng`jskun ck`ys |~u bn untng~" cln`eun :;;='5: @kgk|sun cn blhgh`kn" cn| dkgjgln| ns cn bkgc~|sukn"Bn yhkgs |~u bj unsng~n bj|h~uln cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~" dtuknu 5995'55 Lhg|nkb cn| k`ys|" Bk`yh|kskhg cn| untng~|" ]TKKKn ujyyhus j~ Yu|kcngs cn bjUy~ebkz~n" hy' lks'5< E' C~lj`kg" U' Ejlhggknu" U' Eukns" Ns~cn cn| yubtn`ngs| dk|lj~} ns |hlkj~}yn|jgs |~u bn| `gjfn|" Bj chl~`ngsjskhg dujgjk|n" :;;4'




18/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \HÛLN NS K@YS \Û BN UNTNG^ 5:

Ln|s dkgjbn`ngs ce~s 5996 z~n bn |~ans n|s cejss~ yh~u bjcnugkun dhk| 1 jyu| bj y~ebkljskhg c~ ujyyhus cn bj lh``k||khg |~ublhgh`kn cn bk``jsuknb cks ujyyhus Bt{Ah~{ns 53 ns bj |~ksnc~gn jgghgln c~ Yun`knu `kgk|sun" bn `kgk|sun cn blhgh`kn Smknuu{Eunshg ngfjfn ~gn lhglnusjskhg ng t~n ckg|sj~unu bj unsng~n bj |h~ulncn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ j~ :nu ajgtknu 599;" jah~sjgs 1 kb g{ j~uj yb~|z~ jyy~{nu |~u bn eh~shg bhu| c~ thsn c~ YBD 599= 5>' Suhk|ynu|hggjbks| z~jbkdkn| |hgs lmjufn| yju bn fh~tnugn`ngs cn yuyjunu ~gujyyhus |~u bn| lhgckskhg| cn `k|n ng ~tun cn bj udhu`n54" bn yukglkyjb|~ans cn yuhll~yjskhg sjgs jbhu| bn yuheb`n yh| yju bj ckt~bfjskhg

ckgdhu`jskhg| dk|ljbn| lhgdkcngsknbbn| j~} n`ybh{n~u| c|hu`jk| nglmjufn c~ unlh~tun`ngs cn bk`ys' J~ ``n `h`ngs" ~g ujyyhusyjubn`ngsjkun jyyuhdhgcks bn |~ans cjg| bj ynu|ynlsktn yb~| bjufn cn bjd~|khg ngsun k`ys |~u bn untng~ ns lhgsuke~skhg |hlkjbn fgujbk|n 56'

Bn yuhans c~ fh~tnugn`ngs n|s dkgjbn`ngs jejgchgg bj |~ksn cn|lmjgln| bnlshujbn| c~ yukgsn`y| 5996'

53 @' Bt{" AY' Ah~{ns"Blhgh`kn cn bk``jsuknb bj luhk||jgln cn cn`jkg" Yjuk|"5994' Bn ujyyhus yungc yh|kskhg ng djtn~u cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln cn bk`ys |~u bnuntng~ -ld' unlh``jgcjskhg g 54+'5> Sm' Eunshg" An yuhyh|n z~n 599= |hks ~gn jggn cn ghg k`yh|kskhg " kgsnutknv c~`kgk|sun cn blhgh`kn" cn| dkgjgln| ns cn bkgc~|sukn kg Bn| Nlmh| g :; =:6 c~:= clnèun 5994'54 U' Tkuklnbbn" L' Eeju" D' J~tkfgn"Ujyyhus |~u bn| `hcjbks| cn `k|n ng ~tun c~ yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ ng Dujgln" Bj chl~`ngsjskhgdujgjk|n" `ju| 5996'56 Ckcknu @kfj~c"Bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln ns bj d~|khg cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ nscn bj L\F" Ujyyhus ckgdhu`jskhg g


19/208

Lmjyksun KK

Cdkgkskhg| ns yuk`sun cn|yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln

K Yb~|kn~u| jyyuhlmn| |hgs yh||kebn| yh~u cdkgkubn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln

J Bjyyuhlmn yju bn sknu| yj{n~u lhgc~ks unsngku ~gnjllnyskhg suhksn cn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln

Bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln5= yn~s cjehuc sun cdkgk |nbhg ~gluksun hufjgkz~n 1 |nujks ~g yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln sh~s yubtn`ngshebkfjshkun j||k| |~u bn untng~ cn| `gjfn| `jk| unlh~tu yju bn sknu|yj{n~u cn ln untng~" ng fgujb ~gn ngsunyuk|n -n`ybh{n~u" ejgz~n+ h~

~gn kg|sks~skhg -ljk||n cn unsujksn yju n}n`ybn+" j~ `h`ngs cn |hgtnu|n`ngs' Bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln |n ljujlsuk|nujks chgl yju bjckddunglkjskhg z~kb k`yh|nujks ngsun bn uncntjebn cn bk`ys" c~gn yjus"ns bj ynu|hggn z~k ujbk|n bn yjkn`ngs" cj~sun yjus'

Jkg|k" bKG\NN" cjg| |hg fbh||jkun ng bkfgn" cdkgks bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln lh``n ~g `hcn cn unlh~tun`ngs cn b&k`ys lhg|k|sjgs djkun yubntnu |hg `hgsjgs yju ~g sknu| yj{n~u" bn yb~| |h~tngsb&n`ybh{n~u h~ bn ejgz~knu" j~ `h`ngs c~ tnu|n`ngs j~ lhgsuke~jebn cn|untng~| |~u bn|z~nb| yhusn b&k`ys 5;' Cn ``n" bjc`kgk|sujskhg dk|ljbn|~k||n kgckz~n z~n bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln n|s ~gn yuhlc~un |~ktjgsbjz~nbbn bn ceksn~u c&~gn yun|sjskhg unyu|ngsjgs ~g untng~ k`yh|jebnyh~u |hg egdklkjkun cc~ks ckunlsn`ngs b&k`ys c |~u lnssn yun|sjskhg nsbn tnu|n ng|~ksn j~} j~shuks| dk|ljbn| " bn ceksn~u jfk||jgs yh~u bnlh`ysn c~ egdklkjkun cn bj |h``n k`yh|jebn'

5= Bn| n}yun||khg| yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln ns unsng~n bj |h~uln ghgs jyukhuk aj`jk| s ck|skgf~n| yju bn yj||' Kb n|s chgl yuhyh| cn bn| ~skbk|nukgckddun``ngs'5; vvv'kg|nn'du'




20/208


Lnssn jyyuhlmn c~ yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln un|sunkgs gjs~unbbn`ngsbn lmj`y cn| yubtn`ngs| lhglnug| 1 nbbn gn |jyybkz~n z~j~} untng~|tnu|| cn| yjuskl~bknu| ns z~k yn~tngs djkun bheans c~g tnu|n`ngs yju ~gsknu|' Nbbn n}lb~s chgl yju lhg|su~lskhg bn| yubtn`ngs| |~u bn|ngsunyuk|n|" jkg|k z~n" j~ |nkg cn| yubtn`ngs| |~u bn| `gjfn|" ln~} z~k|hgs j||k| |~u cn| j||knssn| j~sun| z~n bn untng~ -lh``n" yju n}n`ybn" bnyjsuk`hkgn+'

J lnssn j~gn" yb~|kn~u| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| |n ck|skgf~ngsgjs~unbbn`ngs lh``n cn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln 1

bn| lhsk|jskhg| |hlkjbn| |jbjukjbn|" j||k|n| |~u bn| u`~gujskhg|-cdkgkn| bjusklbn B' 535: c~ lhcn cn bj |l~uks |hlkjbn+" |~ulnusjkg| untng~| cn un`ybjln`ngs ns |~u lnusjkg| untng~| c~ljyksjb" ns yj{n| yju bn`ybh{n~u" bhufjgk|`n cn tnu|n`ngs cn|untng~| cn un`ybjln`ngs h~ bsjebk||n`ngs dkgjglknu ?

bn| yubtn`ngs| snb| z~n bj lhgsuke~skhg |hlkjbn fgujbk|n-L\F+ ns bj lhgsuke~skhg yh~u bn unèh~u|n`ngs cn bj cnssn|hlkjbn -LUC\+" unyh|jgs |~u cn| j||knssn| ns cn| `hcjbks| cnunlh~tun`ngs yuhlmn| cn lnbbn| cn| lhsk|jskhg| |jbjukjbn| ?

lnusjkg| yubtn`ngs| dk|lj~} j||k| |~u bn| untng~| cn| `gjfn|ns yubnt| yju cn| sknu| 1 bn yubtn`ngs dhudjksjkun bkeujshkun-YDB+ j||k| |~u lnusjkg| untng~| c~ ljyksjb ns unlh~tu yju bn|sjebk||n`ngs| dkgjglknu| ? bk`ys |~u bn| yb~|tjb~n|k``hekbkun| -YTK+" unlh~tu cny~k| 5993 yju bn| ghsjkun| bhu| cnbj sujg|jlskhg ? lnusjkg| lj| yjuskl~bknu| cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~"lh``n lnb~k z~k |jyybkz~n j~} lhgsuke~jebn| ghg u|kcngs|'

Ng untjglmn" |hgs n}lb~| c~ lmj`y cn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~ulnbng|nèbn cn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| yn|jgs |~u bn| ngsunyuk|n|" snb|z~n bk`ys |~u bn| |hlks| -K\+ h~ bj sj}n |~u bj tjbn~u jah~sn -STJ+'

Bj z~n|skhg j~ujks y~ |n yh|nu yh~u bj STJ cjg| bj `n|~un h"|suklsh |ng|~" bj STJ n|s j||k|n |~u bj tjbn~u jah~sn lun yjubngsunyuk|n" `jk| h" cjg| bn| djks|" nbbn n|s yj{n yju bn lhg|h``jsn~ubhu| cn bjlmjs cn| ekng| h~ |nutkln| `k| ng tngsn" lhg|h``jsn~u z~k

j~ujks y~ jbhu| djkun hddkln cn sknu| yj{n~u' Sh~sndhk|" bj cdkgkskhg c~yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln yju bn sknu| yj{n~u ynu`ns cn bntnu sh~snjèkf~s 1 cjg| bn ljcun cn bj STJ" bn uncntjebn cn bk`ys" bngsunyuk|n"n|s fjbn`ngs bjlsn~u z~k yulh`ysn bk`ys bhu| cn bngljk||n`ngs c~lmkddun cjddjkun" ns z~k bn untnu|n ng|~ksn bjc`kgk|sujskhg ? kb gn}k|snyj| cn sknu| tnu|jgs bngsunyuk|n |hg untng~ k`yh|jebn -bj tjbn~ujah~sn gn |n uc~ks yj| j~ lmkddun cjddjkun ns gn|s hesng~n z~jyu| bn|unsujksn`ngs| lh`ysjebn| z~n |n~bn bngsunyuk|n yn~s nddnls~nu+ nsyulh`ysjgs bk`ys yh~u bn lh`ysn cn bjc`kgk|sujskhg'




21/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \H^ULN NS K@YS \^U BN UNTNG^ 5>

\hgs fjbn`ngs n}lb~| c~ lmj`y cn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln bn|yubtn`ngs| |~u bn yjsuk`hkgn" snb| z~n bk`ys cn |hbkcjuks |~u bjdhus~gn -K\D+ h~ bn| sj}n| dhglkun| -SD+ 1 yju cdkgkskhg" ~g yjsuk`hkgngn|s yj| ~g untng~ tnu| yju ~g sknu| z~k yh~uujks djkun bheans c~gyubtn`ngs bhu| cn |hg tnu|n`ngs ' Ngdkg" |hgs n}lb~| bn|yubtn`ngs| |~u bn untng~ jlz~kss| yju bn lhgsuke~jebn b~k``n |jg|unlh~u| ~g sknu| 1 k`ys |~u bn untng~ cn| ynu|hggn| ym{|kz~n| -KU+ ns"yb~| kgckunlsn`ngs" sj}n cmjeksjskhg'

Bj cdkgkskhg yju bn sknu| yj{n~u lhgc~ks fjbn`ngs n}lb~un c~

lmj`y cn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln bn| lhsk|jskhg| |hlkjbn| n`ybh{n~u 1ng nddns" lnbbn|lk |hgs c~n| yju ~gn ngsunyuk|n" ns ghg yj| yju ~glhgsuke~jebn yjuskl~bknu ? cn ln djks" nbbn| gn dhgs yj| kgsnutngku ~g sknu|yj{n~u 1 bngsunyuk|n" z~k n|s bn uncntjebn cn bk`ys" n|s fjbn`ngsbjlsn~u z~k tnu|n lns k`ys bjc`kgk|sujskhg'

E Bjyyuhlmn yju bj lhglhucjgln cn| hyujskhg|cj||knssn ns cn unlh~tun`ngs ceh~lmn |~u ~g

yuk`sun yb~| bjufn

^gn jyyuhlmn jbsnugjsktn cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln yn~s sununlmnulmn cjg| ~g luksun `jsuknb 1 |nujks ~g yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln

sh~s yubtn`ngs hebkfjshkun chgs bn unlh~tun`ngs kgsnutkngs|k`~bsjg`ngs bj dhu`jskhg cn bj||knssn'

Lnssn jyyuhlmn suh~tn |hg hukfkgn cjg| bj ghskhg ck`yh|kskhgcn| untng~| lh~ujgs| n|z~k||n yju n}n`ybn yju bn Lhg|nkb cn| k`ys|ng 5999


22/208


bn yjkn`ngs cn bk`ys n|s bn `h`ngs h bk`ys n|s yubnt yjubjlsn~u lmjuf cn bn untnu|nu bjc`kgk|sujskhg' Cjg| bn| djks|"bk`ys gn|s yj| sh~ah~u| untnu| kg|sjgsjg`ngs 1 cn| cbjk| cnsu|hunukn |hgs lhg|ngsk| yju bsjs bjlsn~u lmjuf cn tnu|nubk`ys' @jk| bk`yhusjgs n|s z~n bk`ys yh~uujks sun j~||kssuntnu| ?

bj lhglhucjgln ngsun dhu`jskhg cn bj||knssn ns yjkn`ngs cnbk`ys |~yyh|n z~n bj bkz~kcjskhg cn bk`ys |hks fjbn`ngsujbk|n |k`~bsjg`ngs j~} cn~} j~sun| hyujskhg| 1 yh~u z~n bnyjkn`ngs jks bkn~" kb dj~s z~n bk`ys jks s ljbl~b'

Bjyyuhlmn yju bj |k`~bsjgks j||knssn ( unlh~tun`ngs lhgdku`n bnyuk`sun cn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln kcngskdk tkj bjyyuhlmn yju bn sknu|yj{n~u 1 bn| lhsk|jskhg| |hlkjbn| cn| |jbjuk|" bj L\F h~ nglhun bnyubtn`ngs dhudjksjkun bkeujshkun |hgs ljbl~b| -bkz~kcjskhg+ nsyulh`ys| -hyujskhg yju bjz~nbbn bn yjkn`ngs cn bk`ys bjc`kgk|sujskhg cntkngs yh||kebn+ j~ `h`ngs ``n h bn |jbjkun" bnuntng~ cn un`ybjln`ngs h~ nglhun bn untng~ c~ ljyksjb |hgs tnu|| j~lhgsuke~jebn" ln|sckun j~ `h`ngs h |n dhu`n bj ej|n sj}jebn'

J bkgtnu|n" bn| yubtn`ngs| |~u bn| ngsunyuk|n| |hgs n}lb~| c~lmj`y cn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln" y~k|z~n bn~u j||knssn gn|s lhgg~nz~jyu| bj ujbk|jskhg cn lnusjkg| unsujksn`ngs|" jbhu| ``n z~nbbn |n

dhu`n ng lhgskg~ 1 bn egdkln k`yh|jebn bK\ |n dhu`n j~ d~u ns `n|~un cn bjlsktks cn bngsunyuk|n" `jk| gn|s lhgg~ z~ng dkg cn}nulklnlh`ysjebn ? kcn` yh~u bj||knssn cn bj STJ" z~k gn|s lhgg~n z~jyu|k`y~sjskhg cn| cc~lskhg|" h~ yh~u lnbbn cn| jllk|n|" bj `k|n bjlhg|h``jskhg cn| yuhc~ks|" z~k gn|s yj| ujbk|n |k`~bsjg`ngs bjdjeukljskhg cn ln~}lk'

Bk`ys |~u bn untng~ n|s b~k j~||k n}lb~ c~ yuk`sun y~k|z~kb n|s`k| ng unlh~tun`ngs jyu| z~kb j s yuhlc bj bkz~kcjskhg cn bk`ys"tkj bngthk cn bj clbjujskhg cn untng~ yju bn lhgsuke~jebn ns b`k||khgc~g jtk| ck`yh|kskhg yju bjc`kgk|sujskhg' Z~jgs j~} yubtn`ngs| j||k||~u bn yjsuk`hkgn sj}n| dhglkun|" k`ys cn |hbkcjuks |~u bj dhus~gn ns"cjg| ~gn lnusjkgn n|~un" sj}n cmjeksjskhg


23/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \H^ULN NS K@YS \^U BN UNTNG^ 56

Ng untjglmn" bj ckddungln cn bjyyuhlmn yulcngsn" bjyyuhlmncn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln yju bj |k`~bsjgks j||knssn ( unlh~tun`ngslhgc~ks kglb~un bn| lhsk|jskhg| |hlkjbn| yjsuhgjbn| cjg| bn lmj`y cn|yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln 1 ng nddns" cn bj ``n `jgkun z~n yh~u bn|lhsk|jskhg| |jbjukjbn|" bn| lhsk|jskhg| yjsuhgjbn| |hgs bkz~kcn| nsyulh`ysn| j~ `h`ngs ``n h bj||knssn |n dhu`n -tnu|n`ngs c~|jbjkun" c~ untng~ cn un`ybjln`ngs" h~ c~ yuhc~ks cn bj u`~gujskhg c~ljyksjb+'

KK \nbhg ln| jyyuhlmn|" bn| yubtn`ngs| bj|h~uln unyu|ngsngs ngsun ~g z~jus ns bj `hksk c~shsjb cn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun|

J Bn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln jls~nbbn`ngs ngtkf~n~u ng Dujgln yn~tngs sun uyjusk|

ng suhk| ljsfhukn|

N}lnyskhg djksn cn| lhsk|jskhg| |hlkjbn| n`ybh{n~u" bn| cn~}jyyuhlmn| cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln yu|ngsn| lkcn||~| ynu`nssngsckcngskdknu bn ``n yuk`sun cn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln' Ln| cnugknu|

yn~tngs sun unfuh~y| ng suhk| ljsfhukn|': Bn| lhsk|jskhg| |hlkjbn|

Kgcyngcj``ngs cn bj ck|skglskhg lhsk|jskhg n`ybh{n~u ( lhsk|jskhg|jbjuk" bn| lhsk|jskhg| |hlkjbn| lhg|sks~ngs ng yjuskn cn| yubtn`ngs| bj|h~uln' Ln|s bn lj| yh~u 1

bn| lhsk|jskhg| |~u bn| u`~gujskhg| tnu|n| j~} sujtjkbbn~u||jbjuk| 1

h lhsk|jskhg| cn |l~uks |hlkjbn ?h lhsk|jskhg| cj||~ujglnlm jfn ?h lhsk|jskhg| j~} ufk`n| cn unsujksn lh`yb`ngsjkun

hebkfjshkun|'




24/208

5= LHG\NKB CN\ YUBTN@NGS\ HEBKFJSHKUN\

Ngljcu g : 1 Bj ghskhg cn u`~gujskhg |nbhg bn lhcncn bj |l~uks |hlkjbn

Bjusklbn B' 535: c~ lhcn cn bj |l~uks |hlkjbn cdkgks bn| u`~gujskhg|lh``n sh~sn| bn| |h``n| tnu|n| j~} sujtjkbbn~u| ng lhgsunyjuskn h~ b&hllj|khg c~ sujtjkb" ghsj``ngs bn| |jbjkun| h~ fjkg|" bn| kgcn`gks| cnlhgf| yj{|" bn `hgsjgs cn| unsng~n| yh~u lhsk|jskhg| h~tukun|" bn|kgcn`gks|" yuk`n|" fujskdkljskhg| ns sh~| j~sun| jtjgsjfn| ng jufngs" bn|jtjgsjfn| ng gjs~un" jkg|k z~n bn| |h``n| ynu~n| ckunlsn`ngs h~ yjub&ngsun`k|n c&~g sknu| sksun cn yh~uehkun '

Bn ``n jusklbn yulk|n z~n bj ghskhg cn u`~gujskhg lh`yungc fjbn`ngs

bn| lh`yng|jskhg| |jbjukjbn| c&~gn ynusn cn u`~gujskhg kgc~ksn yju ~gn`n|~un cn uc~lskhg c~ sn`y| cn sujtjkb" jkg|k z~n bj yb~|tjb~n ujbk|n bhu|cn bn}nulkln c~gn hyskhg cn |h~|lukyskhg cjlskhg| cjg| lnusjkg| lj|'

Bn| u`~gujskhg| tnu|n| j~} sujtjkbbn~u| |jbjuk| |n ck|skgf~ngs ghsj``ngscn| untng~| cjlsktks cn| sujtjkbbn~u| kgcyngcjgs| -jusklbn| B' :


25/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \HÛLN NS K@YS \Û BN UNTNG^ 5;

bn unlh~tun`ngs cn| lhsk|jskhg| |hlkjbn| ns cjbbhljskhg| dj`kbkjbn|-Û\\JD+" j||hlkjskhg yh~u bn ufk`n cn unsujksn lh`yb`ngsjkun cn||jbjuk| -JUULH+ ns j||hlkjskhg fgujbn cn| kg|sks~skhg| cn unsujksn cn|ljcun| -JFKUL+" h~ nglhun `~s~jbks |hlkjbn jfuklhbn -@\J+'

Bhufjgk|`n ceksn~u c~ untng~ djks chgl hddkln cn sknu| yj{n~ulmjuf cn unlh~tunu bn yubtn`ngs yh~u bn lh`ysn cn bjc`kgk|sujskhg'Yju jkbbn~u|" kb { j lhglhucjgln ngsun bj dhu`jskhg cn bj||knssn-bn tnu|n`ngs c~ |jbjkun h~ c~ untng~ cn un`ybjln`ngs+ ns bn yulh`ysncn bj lhsk|jskhg yju bn sknu| yj{n~u'

J lhgsujukh" bn| lhsk|jskhg| |hlkjbn| j||k|n| |~u bn untng~ cn|sujtjkbbn~u| kgcyngcjgs| gn |hgs yj| yubntn| bj |h~uln 1 nbbn| |hgsyj{n| yju bn uncntjebn b~k``n -ns ghg yju ~g sknu|+" |~ksn b`k||khgc~g jyynb cn lhsk|jskhg" ``n |k" cjg| bn lj| cn| jusk|jg| nslh``nujgs|" cn| jlh`ysn| -`ng|~nb| h~ suk`n|suknb|+ |hgs tnu|| yju bnlhgsuke~jebn bjggn ``n j~ sksun cn bjz~nbbn ln| jlh`ysn| |hgs c~| -bn|lhsk|jskhg| c~n| j~ sksun cn bjggn g |hgs yj{n| bjggn g" jtnl ~gnuf~bjuk|jskhg ng g/:+'

5 Bn| yubtn`ngs| |hlkj~} cn gjs~un dk|ljbn

Z~jsun yubtn`ngs| |hlkj~} cn gjs~un dk|ljbn |hgs yjusknbbn`ngs

h~ ngskun`ngs unsng~| bj |h~uln 1 bj lhgsuke~skhg |hlkjbn fgujbk|n" bjlhgsuke~skhg j~ unèh~u|n`ngs cn bj cnssn |hlkjbn" bj lhgsuke~skhg|hbkcjuks j~shgh`kn ns bn tnu|n`ngs sujg|yhus'

bj lhgsuke~skhg |hlkjbn fgujbk|n -L\F+ 1 lnusjkgn|lh`yh|jgsn| cn bj L\F |hgs unsng~n| bj |h~uln 1

h bj L\F |~u bn| untng~| cjlsktks ns bn| untng~| cnun`ybjln`ngs -jusklbn| B' :


26/208

. |~u bj dujlskhg fjbn 4= . c~ yuhc~ks eu~s cn| an~} j~sh`jskz~n|cn| lj|kgh| ns sj~} cn :5 . |~u sh~| bn| fjkg| c&~g `hgsjgs |~yukn~u h~ fjb : >99

n~uh| ufb| j~} ah~n~u| yju cn| ehg| cn yjkn`ngs `jg~nb|'


27/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \H^ULN NS K@YS \^U BN UNTNG^ >; c~:5 a~kbbns :;6:" bn tnu|n`ngs sujg|yhus" c yju bn| n`ybh{n~u|cngsunyuk|n| cn yb~| cn ; |jbjuk|" n|s j||k| |~u bj||knssn cn|u`~gujskhg| ns unlh~tu cjg| bn| ``n| lhgckskhg| z~n bn|lhsk|jskhg| |hlkjbn| n`ybh{n~u -jusklbn B' 5


28/208

J" KK c~lhcn fgujb cn| k`ys|+ ?

h bn| cktkcngcn| ns ck|suke~skhg| j||k`kbn| ynu~| yju bn|ynu|hggn| ym{|kz~n|" ng yukglkyn |h~`k| bk`ys |~u bnuntng~ j~ eju`n yuhfun||kd jyu| jyybkljskhg c~gjejssn`ngs cn 39 . ns c~g jejssn`ngs dk}n jgg~nb'Sh~sndhk|" bn lhgsuke~jebn yn~s hysnu yh~u bn~uj||~anssk||n`ngs ~g yubtn`ngs dhudjksjkun bkeujshkun

cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ j~ sj~} cn :; . -cny~k| 59::+j~z~nb |jah~sngs bn| yubtn`ngs| |hlkj~}'

Bn yubtn`ngs dhudjksjkun bkeujshkun n|s unlh~tu yjubsjebk||n`ngs yj{n~u c~ yuhc~ks cn| ybjln`ngs| `hekbknu|-ejgz~n" j||~ujgln+ ns tnu| j~ |nutkln cn| k`ys| cn| ghgu|kcngs| j~ yb~| sjuc bn :> c~ `hk| |~ktjgs bn yjkn`ngs cn|untng~|' Kb n|s bkeujshkun cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~" ln z~k |kfgkdknz~n bn| untng~| z~k b~k hgs s |h~`k| ghgs yb~| sun clbju|j~ sksun cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~'

bk`yh|kskhg cn| yb~|tjb~n| k``hekbkun| -jusklbn| :>9 ^ ns:>9 ^T c~ lhcn fgujb cn| k`ys|+ 1 cny~k| 5993" bn| yb~|tjb~n| k``hekbkun| |n |hgs yb~| |h~`k|n| j~ eju`n cn bk`ys|~u bn untng~' Nbbn| dhgs bheans c~g yubtn`ngs yuhyhuskhggnbj~ sj~} dhudjksjkun cn :; ." z~k n|s unsng~ bj |h~uln yju bnghsjkun bhu| cn bj |kfgjs~un cn bjlsn cn tngsn y~k| untnu| bjc`kgk|sujskhg dk|ljbn ?

bn| unsng~n| bj |h~uln |ylkdkz~n| cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ 1yju n}lnyskhg j~ ufk`n cn unlh~tun`ngs cn cuhks lh``~g cnbk`ys |~u bn untng~" lnusjkg| untng~| |ylkdkz~n| |hgs unlh~tu|yju thkn cn unsng~n bj |h~uln' Kb |jfks ghsj``ngs 1




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YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \H^ULN NS K@YS \^U BN UNTNG^


30/208


31/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \H^ULN NS K@YS \^U BN UNTNG^

Fujymkz~n g : 1 Yhkc| un|ynlskd cn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln cjg| bnshsjb cn| yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| ng Dujgln ng 59:9 |~ktjgs bjyyuhlmn

un|suklsktn -lhbhggn cn fj~lmn+ ns bjyyuhlmn bjufn -lhbhggn cn cuhksn+

55.

66.

3=.

9.

59.

39.

49.

=9.

:99.

:59.

Jyyuhlmn un|suklsktn-sknu| yj{n~u|+

Jyyuhlmn bjufn-|k`~bsjgks+

Yubtn ngs| bj |h~uln J~sun| yubtn ngs|

\h~uln 1 LYH'




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Lmjyksun KKK

Yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln ns yuk|n nglh`ysn cn| kgsus| cn| lhgsuke~jebn|

Bj ljyjlks cn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln `kn~} uyhgcun j~}

yuhll~yjskhg| cn| lhgsuke~jebn| yn~s sun jyyumngcn |h~| suhk| jgfbn| 1bj |k`ybklks cn| c`julmn| jllh`ybku yh~u clbjunu |n| untng~| nsyj{nu |hg k`ys ? bj yh||kekbks cn egdklknu c~g ja~|sn`ngs ujykcn cnbk`ys |k bn| untng~| ck`kg~ngs ? bj djl~bs cn `kn~} lh`yungcun bn`hgsjgs cn| k`ys| jlz~kss| ns cn yjusklkynu cn djhg yb~| lbjkun j~cejs dk|ljb'

K Bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln ynu`nskb cn|k`ybkdknu bn| c`julmn| cn| lhgsuke~jebn| 8

J Yb~|kn~u| b`ngs| yh~uujkngs bjk||nu yng|nu z~n bnyubtn`ngs bj |h~uln |k`ybkdkn bn| c`julmn|

c~ lhgsuke~jebn

: Bn |ngsk`ngs fgujb c~gn yb~| fujgcn |k`ybklksc~ yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln

Cjg| ~g |hgcjfn ujbk| ng 599< |~u bm{yhsm|n c~gn `k|n ngybjln cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~" bj yun`kun`hsktjskhg `k|n ng jtjgs yju bn| ynu|hggn| djthujebn| bkcn sjks bj |k`ybklks z~k u|~bsnujks" |nbhg nbbn|" c~ gh~tnj~ |{|s`n -35 . cnlksjskhg| ng yun`knu+" bhkg cntjgs bn| j~sun| juf~`ngs|35' Cn ``n" bj

@k||khg 599< n|sk`jks ng :;;; z~n bng|n`ebn _cn| ckddkl~bs| bkn| bj lh`ybn}ks cn| yuhlc~un| clbjujsktn|P yh~uujks -+ sun u|hb~"lh``n bhgs djks sh~| gh| yjusngjkun|" yju ~g |{|s`n cn unsng~n bj|h~uln |~u bn| untng~| cn bjggn lh~ujgsn 3


33/208


34/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \H^ULN NS K@YS \^U BN UNTNG^ \h~uln 1 Ckunlskhg fgujbn cn| dkgjgln| y~ebkz~n|" e~unj~ FD


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jkbbn~u|" bhyskhg yh~u bn yubtn`ngs bkeujshkun" ~gn dhk| |h~|luksn" sjgsungh~tnbn lmjz~n jggn yju sjlksn unlhgc~lskhg" kb n|s fjbn`ngsyh||kebn z~n cn| lhgsuke~jebn| jkngs lmhk|k lnssn hyskhg bhu|z~kb| {jtjkngs ~g kgsus `jk| z~n" bn~u| untng~| j{jgs thb~ ngsunsn`y|" lnskgsus |n |hks ynuc~ |jg| z~kb| jkngs yuhlc ~gn utjb~jskhg cn bn~u|ks~jskhg'

Jkg|k" bj lh`yjujk|hg ngsun k`ys |~u bn untng~ ns yubtn`ngsdhudjksjkun bkeujshkun gn|s yj| unbbn`ngs lhglb~|ktn' ^gn jgjb{|n yb~|csjkbbn cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ jls~nb n|s gln||jkun yh~u csnu`kgnu |k

~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln jyyhusnujks cn| |k`ybkdkljskhg|'

E Ng ujbks" bn| c`julmn| jllh`ybku yh~u bn ljbl~bcn bk`ys cyngcngs jtjgs sh~s cn bj lh`ybn}ks cn

bk`ys b~k``n" ns ghg yj| cn |hg `hcn cn yjkn`ngs

Bn| dhu`jbks| clbjujsktn| un`ybku ~gn clbjujskhg cn untng~|"kgdhu`nu bjc`kgk|sujskhg c~g lmjgfn`ngs cn |ks~jskhg ynu|hggnbbn-lmjgfn`ngs cn ch`klkbn" ckthuln+" tukdknu bn| kgdhu`jskhg|lh``~gkz~n| yju bjc`kgk|sujskhg cjg| bjtk| ck`yh|kskhg -sj~}ck`yh|kskhg" lmjglknu cn yjkn`ngs+ gn |hgs yj| bkn| j~ `hcn cnunlh~tun`ngs cn bk`ys -unsng~n bj |h~uln h~ j~sun+" `jk| |hg `hcn

cn ljbl~b 1 bn| k`ys| ghg ynu|hggjbk||" ln|sckun chgs bn `hcn cn

ljbl~b gn skngs yj| lh`ysn cn| ljujlsuk|skz~n| kgcktkc~nbbn| c~lhgsuke~jebn" gn gln||ksngs yj| cn dhu`jbks| clbjujsktn|k`yhusjgsn|' Ln|s bn lj| cn bj lhgsuke~skhg |hlkjbn fgujbk|n h~c~ yubtn`ngs dhudjksjkun bkeujshkun 1 bn sj~} ck`yh|kskhg cnln| cn~} yubtn`ngs| -yju n}n`ybn 6"> . cn| u`~gujskhg|yh~u bj L\F+ gn skngs lh`ysn" gk cn bj |ks~jskhg lhga~fjbn h~dj`kbkjbn c~ lhgsuke~jebn -bn sj~} n|s bn ``n yh~u ~glhgsuke~jebn lbkejsjkun h~ ~g lhgsuke~jebn `juk jtnl ngdjgs|+"gk cn| untng~| chgs kb ck|yh|n yju jkbbn~u| -bn sj~} n|s bn ``nyh~u ~g lhgsuke~jebn jk| ns ~g lhgsuke~jebn `hcn|sn+" gk cn|cyng|n| z~kb j ngfjfn| j~ lh~u| cn bjggn dk|ljbn -ns z~kyh~uujkngs b~k h~tuku cuhks" cjg| bn ljcun cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~" ~g jejssn`ngs h~ ~gn uc~lskhg ck`ys+' Cjg| ln| lhgckskhg|"bj |n~bn kgdhu`jskhg lhggjsun yh~u yubntnu bk`ys n|s bn`hgsjgs cn bj||knssn k`yh|jebn 1 `hgsjgs c~ |jbjkun eu~s yh~u bjL\F |~u bn| u`~gujskhg|" `hgsjgs cn| cktkcngcn| h~ cn|kgsus| ynu~| yh~u bn yubtn`ngs dhudjksjkun bkeujshkun' Lnssnkgdhu`jskhg n|s jk|`ngs kcngskdkjebn yju bngsks lmjufn cntnu|nu bn untng~ -bn`ybh{n~u h~ bj ejgz~n+ ns yju




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bjc`kgk|sujskhg" |jg| z~kb |hks en|hkg z~n bn lhgsuke~jebnlh``~gkz~n cn| kgdhu`jskhg| lh`yb`ngsjkun|' Ln|s yh~uz~hkbj L\F h~ bn yubtn`ngs dhudjksjkun bkeujshkun gjyynbbngs yj|cn c`julmn| yjuskl~bkun| cn bj yjus c~ lhgsuke~jebn" |j~dn}lnyskhg'

bn| k`ys| ynu|hggjbk||" ng untjglmn" k`ybkz~ngs yju n||nglncn| c`julmn| lh`yb`ngsjkun|' Ng nddns" bngsks ng lmjufn cnljbl~bnu bk`ys ns ( h~ cn bn unlh~tunu j en|hkg cn lhggjsunckddungsn| kgdhu`jskhg| chgs bj yb~yjus gn yn~tngs sun

lh``~gkz~n| z~n yju bn lhgsuke~jebn b~k``n 1 |ks~jskhg cndj`kbbn" n}k|sngln cn untng~| j~sun| z~n |jbjukj~}" ~skbk|jskhg cncyng|n| dk|ljbn| ''' Ln|s yh~u lnssn ujk|hg z~kb n|s cn`jgc j~lhgsuke~jebn cn un`ybku ~gn clbjujskhg ns" bn lj| lmjgs" cndh~ugku cn| kgdhu`jskhg| lh`yb`ngsjkun|" lh``n cjg| bn ljcuncn bk`ys |~u bn untng~'

Jkg|k" bj |k`ybklks clbjujsktn cn| yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln ngDujgln skngs yb~| j~ ljujlsun ghg ynu|hggjbk| cn bn~u `hcn cn ljbl~bz~j~ djks z~kb| |hkngs yubnt| bj |h~uln'

Hu" kb gn}k|sn yj| cn bkng j~sh`jskz~n ngsun ln| cn~} ck`ng|khg| 1~g k`ys yn~s sun c~g ljbl~b |k`ybn |jg| sun yh~u j~sjgs yubnt bj|h~uln" lh``n bkbb~|sun bn}n`ybn cn bj lhgsuke~skhg bj~ckhtk|~nby~ebkl -jglknggn uncntjgln j~ckhtk|~nbbn ? `hgsjgs dhudjksjkun cn :5: 1 h~tnuscny~k| 599:" kb lhg|k|sn yh~u bn lhgsuke~jebn chggnu ~g hucun cnyjkn`ngs -yubtn`ngs |~u bn lh`ysn ejgljkun+ cny~k| |hglh`ysn dk|ljb ng bkfgn -|ksn k`yhs|'fh~t'du? lnbj bn ckddunglkn c~tkun`ngs ejgljkun z~k n|s ujbk| cny~k| bn lh`ysn ejgljkun c~lhgsuke~jebn+ ?

bn yubtn`ngs j~sh`jskz~n 1 bj ckddungln c~ sbufbn`ngs"bk`ys n|s yubnt j~sh`jskz~n`ngs |~u bn lh`ysn ejgljkun c~lhgsuke~jebn" |jg| z~n lnb~klk jks nddnls~nu cn c`julmn

yjuskl~bkun' Kb |n |~ecktk|n ng cn~} ljsfhukn| 1

3; Cjg| bj bk`ksn cn < 999 n~uh| ? ld' jusklbn :4=9: c~ lhcn fgujb cn| k`ys|'>9 Cny~k| bj bhk c~ 5; cln`eun 59:9 cn dkgjgln| unlskdkljsktn yh~u 59::" bn tkun`ngsejgljkun n|s c|hu`jk| n}lb~ cn| `h{ng| cn yjkn`ngs cks| c`jsukjbk|| -ld' jusklbn :4=: |n}kn| c~ lhcn fgujb cn| k`ys|+' Cn yb~|" |hg ~skbk|jskhg n|sj~shuk|n cjg| bn| bk`ksn| c~g ybjdhgc cn


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h bn yubtn`ngs blmjgln>5 1 lh``n yh~u bnsbufbn`ngs" bk`ys n|s yubnt ng suhk| dhk| -yun`knujlh`ysn ng dtuknu ? cn~}k`n jlh`ysn ng `jk ? bn lj|lmjgs" |hbcn ng |nysnèun+" bj |n~bn ckddungln u|kcjgscjg| bn ljujlsun klk j~sh`jskz~n c~ yjkn`ngs ?

h bj `ng|~jbk|jskhg>< 1 h~tnusn cny~k| :;6< yh~u bk`ys|~u bn untng~" nbbn ynu`ns j~ lhgsuke~jebn cn ufbnu |hgk`yh|kskhg ng :9 `ng|~jbks| -cn ajgtknu hlsheun+" cn|jlh`ysn| lh`yb`ngsjkun| sjgs tngs~nbbn`ngsyubnt| ng ghtnèun ns clnèun |k bj |ks~jskhg c~lhgsuke~jebn bn a~|skdkn' Bn lhgsuke~jebn chks jcmunu ~g lhgsujs cn yubtn`ngs| `ng|~nb| yh~u egdklknu cnlnssn `hcjbks cn yjkn`ngs'

Hu bn| `h{ng| cn yjkn`ngs c`jsukjbk|| hgs lhgg~ ~gn dhusnyuhfun||khg j~ lh~u| cn bj clnggkn 5999 ns |hgs j~ah~ucm~k su|uyjgc~| 1 kb| sjkngs ~skbk|| yju =6": . cn| lhgsuke~jebn| ng 59:9" chgs65"= . j~ sksun cn bj `ng|~jbk|jskhg" ::"9 . j~ sksun c~ yubtn`ngs blmjgln ns


42/208


Jtnl yu| cn 6< . cn| lhgsuke~jebn| `ng|~jbk|| ng 59:9" lhgsun>>"= . ng 5995" ns j~ shsjb yu| cn ;9 . cn| lhgsuke~jebn| unlh~ujgs cn|`h{ng| cn yjkn`ngs c`jsukjbk||" bn| uncntjebn| cn bk`ys |~u bnuntng~ egdklkngs ca cn sh~s bjbbfn`ngs cn| c`julmn| cn yjkn`ngsz~jyyhusnujks ~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln' Lnbj cj~sjgs yb~| z~n bn unbjskdujbngsk||n`ngs cn bj yuhfun||khg c~ sj~} cn `ng|~jbk|jskhg cny~k| 5996-/ ="> . |~u bj yukhcn 599659:: lhgsun / :6"3 . |~u bj yukhcn 59955996+ |n`ebn kgckz~nu z~n bj `ng|~jbk|jskhg jyyuhlmn cn |hg `j}k`~`ns z~n bj dujlskhg un|sjgsn lhglnugn cn| lhgsuke~jebn| z~k |jllh``hcngssu| ekng cn| `h{ng| sujckskhggnb| cn yjkn`ngs'

Fujymkz~n g > 1 thb~skhg cn bj yjus cn| uncntjebn| cn bk`ys |~u bnuntng~ jcmujgs j~ lhgsujs cn `ng|~jbk|jskhg cny~k| 5995

6:":.65"=.4>"3.

>>"=. >4"=. >=":. 49"=.4:"5. 49";.

4>">.

5995 599< 5993 599> 5994 5996 599= 599; 59:9 59::

\h~uln 1 Ckunlskhg fgujbn cn| dkgjgln| y~ebkz~n|" e~unj~ FD:J'

KK Bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln djthuk|nskb ~gja~|sn`ngs yb~| ujykcn cn bk`ys j~} tjukjskhg| cn

untng~ cn| lhgsuke~jebn| 8

B~gn cn| yukglkyjbn| ljujlsuk|skz~n| cn bj unsng~n bj |h~ulnn|s cn ynu`nssun ~gn sj}jskhg lhgsn`yhujkgn cn| untng~|' Lnbj |kfgkdknz~n bk`ys c j~ sksun cn| untng~| cn bjggn g n|s nddnlsktn`ngs yj{ j~lh~u| cn bjggn g' Lnssn |ks~jskhg lhgsuj|sn jtnl bn| `hcjbks| cnunlh~tun`ngs cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ ng Dujgln 1 bn| untng~| cn bjggng |hgs clbju| ns bk`ys lhuun|yhgcjgs yj{ j~ lh~u| cn bjggn g/:"|hks jtnl ~gn jggn cn cljbjfn'

Lnssn ckddungln yn~s ngsujgnu cn| lhg|z~ngln| k`yhusjgsn|yh~u bn| lhgsuke~jebn| z~k lhggjk||ngs ~gn tjukjskhg cn untng~ c~gnjggn |~u bj~sun' Yju n}n`ybn" ~g lhgsuke~jebn chgs bn| untng~| ejk||ngsj~ `kbkn~ cn bjggn g cntuj lhgskg~nu yj{nu ~g k`ys bnt a~|z~ bj




43/208


dkg cn bjggn g jtnl bk`ys |~u bn untng~ jls~nb 1 ln|s |n~bn`ngs ng g/:z~n |hg k`ys ejk||nuj yh~u sngku lh`ysn cn bthb~skhg cn |n| untng~|'Ng untjglmn" jtnl ~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln" bk`ys ck`kg~n c| bjggn g|k bn untng~ j ck`kg~' Kb ng u|~bsn ~g fjkg cn su|hunukn yhsngsknbbn`ngsjyyulkjebn yh~u bn lhgsuke~jebn'

Bn| ctnbhyyn`ngs| z~k |~ktngs ynu`nssngs cjehuc cnljujlsuk|nu bn| |ks~jskhg| cn ejk||n| cn untng~|" jtjgs cjgjb{|nu bn||hb~skhg| hddnusn| cjg| bn ljcun cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ jls~nb" y~k|cs~cknu |k ~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln jyyhusnujks ~gn j`bkhujskhg'

J Ngtkuhg ~g sknu| cn| lhgsuke~jebn| |hgs lhglnug|lmjz~n jggn yju ~gn ejk||n cn untng~

Bjgjb{|n cn| untng~| cn| dh{nu| dk|lj~} k`yh|jebn| `hgsunz~j~ `hkg| ~g sknu| cn| lhgsuke~jebn| lhggjk||ngs lmjz~n jggn ~gnejk||n cn untng~' Lnssn yuhyhuskhg j ``n jssnkgs 39 . cny~k| 599= c~djks cn bj cfujcjskhg cn bj lhgahgls~un lhgh`kz~n'

Ln| "9.

53".

.


44/208


Bn| lj~|n| cn ln| tjukjskhg| yn~tngs sun cktnu|n|' Sh~sndhk|" bn|lmjgfn`ngs| cn |ks~jskhg yuhdn||khggnbbn -cyjus ng unsujksn" lm`jfn+unyu|ngsngs bn||ngsknb cn| ejk||n| cn untng~ -ngsun 5> ns "6..

:9.

:>.

59.

5>.

.

>9.

59 jg| ns

`hkg|

Ngsun 5: ns

: ns

49 jg|

Ngsun 4: ns

69 jg|

Ngsun 6: ns

=9 jg|

J~ cn||~| cn

=9 jg|

5996 599= 599; 59:9 \h~uln 1 Ckunlskhg fgujbn cn| dkgjgln| y~ebkz~n|" e~unj~ FD


45/208

>9 LHG\NKB CN\ YUBTN@NGS\ HEBKFJSHKUN\

Jkg|k" bn| ejk||n| cn untng~ lhg|sks~ngs ~g ngan~ `jan~u yh~u bn|dh{nu| k`yh|jebn| bk`ys |~u bn untng~ 1 j~ `hkg| ~g sknu| cngsun n~}|hgs lhglnug| lmjz~n jggn" yh~u ~gn ejk||n `ckjgn cn :9 . z~k yn~sljlmnu cn| ejk||n| |ng|kebn`ngs yb~| k`yhusjgsn| ? ng h~sun" ln| ejk||n|gn |hgs yj| bkn| z~ cn| tgn`ngs| yutk|kebn| lh``n bn cyjus ngunsujksn'

Bj ljyjlks cn bk`ys yungcun ng lh`ysn ln| tjukjskhg| cnuntng~ lhg|sks~n chgl ~g ngan~ jan~u'

E Bn| |hb~skhg| hddnusn| yju bjc`kgk|sujskhg|hgs yn~ ~skbk|n|

: Bjc`kgk|sujskhg hddun yb~|kn~u| |hb~skhg| j~} lhgsuke~jebn|

Yh~u sngku lh`ysn cn| ckddkl~bs| unglhgsun| yju bn|lhgsuke~jebn| cjg| bn yjkn`ngs cn bn~u k`ys" bjc`kgk|sujskhg dk|ljbnhddun ca j~ah~ucm~k yb~|kn~u| |hb~skhg| 1 bn| cbjk| cn yjkn`ngs" z~kynu`nssngs cn ck|yh|nu c~g cbjk |~yyb`ngsjkun yh~u yj{nu bk`yh|kskhgc~n ? bj `hc~bjskhg cn| jlh`ysn|" z~k ynu`ns j~ lhgsuke~jebn cn djkuntjuknu c| bn ce~s cn bjggn bn `hgsjgs cn |hg k`ys |k |n| untng~| cnbjggn yulcngsn hgs thb~" |jg| jssngcun bj uf~bjuk|jskhg cn dkg

cjggn'

j+Bn| cbjk| cn yjkn`ngsBn lhgsuke~jebn z~k yuh~tn cn| ckddkl~bs| yh~u yj{nu |hg k`ys

g -j~ sksun cn |n| untng~| g:" yju n}n`ybn |k ngsunsn`y|" j~ lh~u| cnbjggn g" |n| untng~| hgs ck`kg~+ j bj djl~bs cn |hbbklksnu c| bjggn g~g cbjk |~yyb`ngsjkun yh~u jlz~kssnu |hg k`ys'

Bn |nutkln hddnus yju bjc`kgk|sujskhg dk|ljbn |n clh`yh|n ngcn~} ljsfhukn| 1

bj yuhlc~un cn cuhks lh``~g>> 1 nbbn n|s h~tnusn sh~| bn|lhgsuke~jebn|" z~n bj ejk||n cn untng~| |hks lhgahgls~unbbn-lm`jfn" ckddkl~bs| k`yutk|kebn| '''+ h~ |su~ls~unbbn -untng~|c~ dh{nu kgdukn~u| j~ untng~ cn |hbkcjuks jlsktn" lm`jfn cnbhgf~n c~un+' Nbbn n|s ufkn yju cn~} yukglkyn| 1

>>Ld' jusklbn 6 M cn bjggn}n KKK c~ lhcn fgujb cn| k`ys| -ghsj``ngs :nu jbkgjc~ K'+ ns kg|su~lskhg lhckdkljsukln g ;=9:9 J: c~ :5 ajgtknu 599= |~u bn unlh~tun`ngscn bk`ys yju thkn cn ubn'




46/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \H^ULN NS K@YS \^U BN UNTNG^ >:

h k' bn ljujlsun ck|luskhggjkun cn| |~ksn| jyyhusn| bj cn`jgcn 1 bn cbjk cn yjkn`ngs gn|s yj| cn cuhks ? kbn|s jllhuc j~ lj| yju lj|" ng dhglskhg cn bj |ks~jskhg c~lhgsuke~jebn' Ng yjuskl~bknu" lnb~klk chks dh~ugku bjyy~k cn |j cn`jgcn cn| ykln| a~|skdkjgs cn |n|ckddkl~bs|' Ng h~sun" bn cbjk n|s u|nut j~}lhgsuke~jebn| yu|~`| cn ehggn dhk'

h kk' bj yu|nutjskhg cn| kgsus| c~ Su|hu 1 bn|`hcjbks| csjebk||n`ngs cn blmjglknu cn cbjk| cnyjkn`ngs tk|ngs fjujgsku ~g unlh~tun`ngs nddkljln cnbj lujgln dk|ljbn' Bn| cbjk| cn yjkn`ngs |hgsfgujbn`ngs jllhuc| yh~u suhk| `hk| `j}k`~`" bn}lnyskhg cn| |ks~jskhg| yjuskl~bkun`ngs ckddklkbn|' Bn|lhgsuke~jebn| |hgs kgtks| tnu|nu ~g yun`knu jlh`ysnng fjfn cn ehggn dhk' Bj `jahujskhg cn :9 . ng lj| cnyjkn`ngs ng unsjuc yn~s sun un`k|n |nbhg z~n bnlhgsuke~jebn j egdklk h~ ghg cn cbjk| cn yjkn`ngsbn| jggn| yulcngsn|' Ngdkg" bn| lhgsuke~jebn| |hgsnglh~ujf| |h~|lukun j~ lhgsujs cjcm|khg j~yubtn`ngs `ng|~nb" |jg| z~n lnssn jcm|khg gn y~k||nsun n}kfn lh``n lhgsunyjuskn bhlsuhk cn| cbjk|'

bj yuhlc~un |ylkdkz~n ng lj| cn ejk||n eu~sjbn cn untng~>4

1nbbn n|s u|nutn j~} dh{nu| z~k hgs lhgg~ ~gn ejk||n cn untng~|~yukn~un 4Ld' 5n jbkgj c~ K cn bjusklbn 6 M cn bjggn}n KKK c~ lhcn fgujb cn| k`ys| nskg|su~lskhg g 939:5 J: c~ 56 ajgtknu 5993 |~u bn sujksn`ngs cn| ejk||n| eu~sjbn| cnuntng~'




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e+Bj `hc~bjskhg cn| jlh`ysn|Yju jkbbn~u|" bn lhgsuke~jebn z~k j lhgg~ ~gn ejk||n cn untng~| j~

lh~u| cn bjggn g egdklknuj c~gn ejk||n cn |hg k`ys ng g/:" bk`ysg/: lhuun|yhgcjgs j~} untng~| g'

Sh~sndhk|" lnssn ejk||n gn |nuj yj| k``ckjsn 1 bhu| cn| yun`knu|`hk| cn bjggn g/:" bn| untng~| g c~ lhgsuke~jebn gn |hgs yj| nglhunlhgg~| cn bjc`kgk|sujskhg ? lnbbnlk jyybkz~n chgl bn cnugknu sj~}ck`yh|kskhg lhgg~" |jthku bn sj~} jyybkz~ ng g j~ sksun cn| untng~|

g:" ln|sckun jtjgs z~n bn lhgsuke~jebn gn |~ek||n |j ejk||n cn untng~|'Ln gn|s z~n bhu|z~n bn lhgsuke~jebn j ngth{ |j clbjujskhg cn untng~|"j~ yukgsn`y| g/:" ns z~n" |~u lnssn ej|n" bjc`kgk|sujskhg j bkz~kcbk`ys nddnlsktn`ngs c j~ sksun cn| untng~| cn bjggn g" j~ lh~u| cnbs g/:" z~n bn `hgsjgs ck`ys n|s ja~|s 1 ng |nysnèun g/:" bnlhgsuke~jebn |nuj kgdhu` z~kb gj~uj yj| yj{nu bn| cnugkun|`ng|~jbks| h~ bn |hbcn" thkun z~kb egdklknuj c~g unèh~u|n`ngs c~suhy ynu~'

Jdkg cjgsklkynu lnssn ejk||n ck`ys" bjc`kgk|sujskhg dk|ljbn hddunbj yh||kekbks j~ lhgsuke~jebn cn `hc~bnu c| ajgtknu g/: |n| jlh`ysn|ck`ys g/: c~| j~ sksun cn| untng~| g" |jg| jssngcun bj uf~bjuk|jskhg cn|nysnèun g/:'

Bj `hc~bjskhg c~ tnu|n`ngs cn| jlh`ysn| heks j~} yukglkyn||~ktjgs| 1

nbbn n|s h~tnusn j~} lhgsuke~jebn| j{jgs hys yh~u bnyjkn`ngs yju jlh`ysn| yuhtk|khggnb| - sknu| yuhtk|khggnb| ? a~|z~j~


48/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \HÛLN NS K@YS \Û BN UNTNG^ >4 . c~ `hgsjgs dkgjb cn bk`ys c ?

h |jfk||jgs cn| lhgsuke~jebn| `ng|~jbk|| 1 c~gn yjus"~gn |n~bn cn`jgcn cn `hc~bjskhg n|s j~shuk|n cjg|bjggn ? cj~sun yjus" bn| lhgsuke~jebn| ck|yh|ngs c~gn`jufn cnuun~u cn 59 . cjg| bn|sk`jskhg cn bk`ysdkgjb c'

h |k bn lhgsuke~jebn cyj||n bn| jufn| cnuun~u j~shuk|n|"kb |n tnuuj jyybkz~nu ~gn `jahujskhg cn :9 . bhu| c~

yjkn`ngs c~ |hbcn h~ cn| cnugknu| jlh`ysn| `ng|~nb|'Bj yuhlc~un cn `hc~bjskhg cn| jlh`ysn| ynu`ns chgl ng yukglkyn

j~ lhgsuke~jebn cn egdklknu c| ajgtknu g/: -|kb n|s `ng|~jbk|+ h~dtuknu g/: -|kb yj{n yju sknu| yuhtk|khggnb|+ cn bj ejk||n cn bk`ys g/:chgs kb egdklknujks ghu`jbn`ngs ng |nysnèun g/: yh~u sngku lh`ysn cnbj ejk||n cn untng~ |~utng~n ng g'

5 Ln| |nutkln| |hgs sh~sndhk| yn~ ~skbk|| yju bn| lhgsuke~jebn|

Bn| cbjk| cn yjkn`ngs |~u bjggn g yh~u yj{nu bk`ys g: ns bj`hc~bjskhg cn| jlh`ysn| g/: yh~u jgsklkynu bj ejk||n ck`ys cn|nysnèun g/: |hgs yn~s ~skbk|| yju bn| lhgsuke~jebn|' Lnssn |ks~jskhg

lhgsuj|sn jtnl bn ghèun cn lhgsuke~jebn| lhglnug|'\jfk||jgs cn| cbjk| cn yjkn`ngs" ngtkuhg 5 . cn| lhgsuke~jebn|

~skbk|ngs lmjz~n jggn bj yuhlc~un cn cuhks lh``~g" jbhu| z~n yb~| cn


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Sjebnj~ g 5 1 Cbjk| cn yjkn`ngs jllhuc| ns ghèun cn lhgsuke~jebn|smhukz~n`ngs lhglnug|

Cbjk| cn yjkn`ngs cn cuhks lh``~gCbjk| cn yjkn`ngs yh~u ejk||n eu~sjbn cn

untng~| - 6

Ng . c~ghèun cn

lhgsuke~jebn|

Yjus cn|lhgsuke~jebn|

j{jgs |~ek~gn ejk||n cn

untng~

Ghèuncn

cn`jgcn|jllhucn|

Ng . c~ghèun cn

lhgsuke~jebn|

Yjus cn|lhgsuke~jebn|j{jgs |~ek ~gnejk||n eu~sjbn

cn untng~599> :>9 66; 9";< . GL : 4>= 9"9: . GL

5994 :3 :"6: .


50/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \HÛLN NS K@YS \Û BN UNTNG^ >>

Sjebnj~ g < 1 @hc~bjskhg| cn `ng|~jbks| nddnls~n| ns ghèun cnlhgsuke~jebn| smhukz~n`ngs lhglnug|

Ghèun cn`hc~bjskhg|

Ng . c~ghèun cn

lhgsuke~jebn|`ng|~jbk||

-:+

Yjus cn|lhgsuke~jebn|j{jgs |~ek ~gn

ejk||n cn untng~-5+

Sj~}c~skbk|jskhg cnbj `hc~bjskhg

-:+ (9"6!-5+49

599; 4=4 =36 4"5< . . ng 599;" 6< . ng 59:9 ns 6: . ng 59::'4: Bj `hc~bjskhg cn| jlh`ysn| 599; egdklkn j~} lhgsuke~jebn| chgs bn untng~ jck`kg~ ngsun 5996 ns 599=" jdkg cjgsklkynu c| ajgtknu 599; bj ejk||n cn bk`ys599; z~k |nujks ghu`jbn`ngs nddnlsktn ng |nysnèun 599; j~ sksun cn| untng~| 599='Lnbj n}ybkz~n bn cljbjfn c~ ghèun cn lhgsuke~jebn| yju ujyyhus j~ sjebnj~yulcngs'




51/208


lmjz~n `hk| ng 59:5 bn |nujkngs j~ sksun cn| untng~| 59:5 ? jbhu|z~n bn| jlh`ysn| yj{| jls~nbbn`ngs yju ~g lhgsuke~jebn`ng|~jbk| unyu|ngsngs bk`ys c j~ sksun cn| untng~| 59::'Jkg|k" |k bn lhgsuke~jebn |~eks ~gn ejk||n cn untng~ ng 59:5" |hgk`ys yn~s k``ckjsn`ngs |ja~|snu bj ejk||n jtnl ~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln ? ng untjglmn" cjg| bn |{|s`n jls~nb" bn lhgsuke~jebncntuj jssngcun bn :nu ajgtknu 59:< yh~u ja~|snu |n| `ng|~jbks| bj ejk||n" y~k|z~n bn| `ng|~jbks| cn 59:5 tjbngs yh~ubk`yh|kskhg cn| untng~| 59:: z~k" n~}" gjtjkngs yj| |~ek cnejk||n ?

kk' bn| jlh`ysn| yunggngs bj dhu`n c~g sj~} jyybkz~ j~}untng~|" ns ghg yj| c~g `hgsjgs ck`ys yj{nu' Kb ng u|~bsncn~} nddns| yhsngsknbbn`ngs l~`~bjskd| 1

h ~g nddns j||knssn 1 |k bn| untng~| ejk||ngs bjggn g" bndjks z~n bk`ys u|~bsn cn bjyybkljskhg c~g sj~} ln|untng~| ngsujgn `ljgkz~n`ngs ~gn ejk||n cn bk`ysyubnt' Yju n}n`ybn" |k bn sj~} ck`yh|kskhg c~lhgsuke~jebn n|s cn :9 . ns |k |hg untng~ `ng|~nb yj||ncn : 999 n~uh| =99 n~uh|" bk`ys yubnt lmjz~n `hk|yj||n kg|sjgsjg`ngs cn :99 n~uh| =9 n~uh|" |hks ~gnejk||n ck`ys k``ckjsn cn 59 .' Ng untjglmn" jtnl bj`ng|~jbk|jskhg" bn lhgsuke~jebn lhgskg~n cn cnthku yj{nu:99 n~uh| ck`ys lmjz~n `hk| y~k|z~n" c~ djks c~cljbjfn c~g jg" kb yj{n ng 59:5 bk`ys c j~ sksun cn|n| untng~| 59::'

Fujymkz~n g ; 1 Ckddungln ngsun unsng~n bj |h~uln -ng tnus+ ns`ng|~jbk|jskhg -ng hujgfn+ yh~u ~g lhgsuke~jebn chgs bn| untng~|ejk||ngs ng lh~u| cjggn -`hgsjgs ck`ys yj{ lmjz~n `hk|" ng

n~uh|+

:99 :99 :99 :99:99 :99

=9=9

9

>9

:99

:>9

599

Jtukb @jk A~kg A~kbbns

@ng|~jbks| Unsng~n bj | h~uln Untng~

Ejk||n cn untng~

\h~uln 1 LYH'




52/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \H^ULN NS K@YS \^U BN UNTNG^ >6

h ~g nddns sj~} 1 bnddns j||knssn yn~s sun j`ybkdk |k bjejk||n cn untng~ c~ lhgsuke~jebn bn djks lmjgfnu cnsujglmn ck`yh|kskhg ns |k" ng lhg|z~ngln" bnlhgsuke~jebn egdklkn c~g gh~tnj~ sj~} ck`yh|kskhgyb~| djkebn' Yh~u unyungcun bn}n`ybn yulcngs" |k bn djkscn yj||nu c~g untng~ `ng|~nb cn : 999 n~uh| ~guntng~ cn =99 n~uh| lhgc~ks bn lhgsuke~jebn yj||nuc~g sj~} `h{ng ck`yh|kskhg cn :9 . = ." jbhu| bn`hk| z~k |~ks |j ejk||n cn untng~" |hg k`ys `ng|~nbyj||n cn :99 n~uh| -:9 . cn : 999 n~uh|+ 43 n~uh|

-= . cn =99 n~uh|+' Bn lhgsuke~jebn egdklknk``ckjsn`ngs c~gn ejk||n c~g sknu| cn |hg k`ys-|hks ~g z~j|k`ngs ch~ebn`ngs c~ |n~b nddns j||knssnhesng~ yulcn``ngs+" jbhu| z~jtnl bn |{|s`n jls~nbcn `ng|~jbk|jskhg |hg k`ys gn ejk||n yj| a~|z~ bj dkgcn bjggn'

Fujymkz~n g:9 1 Ckddungln ngsun unsng~n bj |h~uln -ng tnus+ ns`ng|~jbk|jskhg -ng hujgfn+ yh~u ~g lhgsuke~jebn chgs bn| untng~|

ejk||ngs ng lh~u| cjggn" nddns j||knssn / nddns sj~}-`hgsjgs ck`ys yj{ lmjz~n `hk|" ng n~uh|+

:99 :99 :99 :99:99 :99

43 43

9

>9

:99

:>9

599

5>9

Jtukb @jk A~kg A~kbbns

@ng|~jbks| Unsng~n bj |h~uln Untng~

Ejk||n cn untng~

\h~uln 1 LYH'

5 @hcbk|jskhg cn bk`yjls c~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln |~u bj yuk|nng lh`ysn cn| tjukjskhg| cn untng~ cn| lhgsuke~jebn|

Jdkg cn `n|~unu yulk|`ngs bjtjgsjfn z~n yh~uujks jyyhusnu bjunsng~n bj |h~uln cjg| bj yuk|n ng lh`ysn cn| tjukjskhg| cn untng~ cn|lhgsuke~jebn|" kb j s yuhlc bj `hcbk|jskhg c~g lj| s{yn 1 ~g




53/208

>= LHG\NKB CN\ YUBTN@NGS\ HEBKFJSHKUN\

lhgsuke~jebn sujtnu|jgs ~gn yukhcn cn lm`jfn cn := `hk|' Suhk||lgjukh| lh`yjujskd| |hgs jyybkz~| ln lj| cn dkf~un 1

|lgjukh : 1 thb~skhg cn bk`ys yj{ ns c~ untng~ ck|yhgkebnjyu| k`ys cjg| bn ljcun cn bj `ng|~jbk|jskhg jls~nbbn cnbk`ys |~u bn untng~ ?

|lgjukh 5 1 thb~skhg cn bk`ys yj{ ns c~ untng~ ck|yhgkebnjyu| k`ys cjg| bn ljcun c~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln k`yjudjksn " k'n' h bn sj~} ck`yh|kskhg jyybkz~ n|s bn cnugknusj~} lhgg~ ns h" ng bje|ngln cn yh||kekbks cn `hc~bnu ln sj~}

ng lh~u| cjggn" |n~b bnddns j||knssn yu|ngs yb~| mj~s ah~n ? |lgjukh < 1 thb~skhg cn bk`ys yj{ ns c~ untng~ ck|yhgkebn

jyu| k`ys cjg| bn ljcun c~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln yjudjksn "k'n' h bn sj~} ck`yh|kskhg n|s unljbl~b ng sn`y| unb ngdhglskhg cn bthb~skhg cn| untng~| c~ lhgsuke~jebn ns h" yjulhg|z~ngs" bnddns sj~} |n l~`~bn bnddns j||knssn '

Ngljcu g < 1 M{yhsm|n| unsng~n| yh~u bj `hcbk|jskhg c~ lj| s{ync~g |jbjuk sujtnu|jgs ~gn yukhcn cn lm`jfn45

Bn dh{nu dk|ljb n|s lh`yh| c~g |jbjuk lbkejsjkun |jg| ngdjgs" gnsh~lmjgs gk bj yuk`n yh~u bn`ybhk" gk bn untng~ cn |hbkcjuks jlsktn'Ln |jbjuk sujtnu|n ~gn yukhcn cn lm`jfn j~ lh~u| cn bj yukhcn

cn |k`~bjskhg 1 j~ lh~u| cn bj yun`kun jggn" bn |jbjuk n|s u`~gu : >99 yju `hk|' Kb n|s uy~s jthku s cjg| bn`ybhk ns jthku ynu~ bj``n u`~gujskhg bjggn yulcngsn ?

yjusku c~ `hk| cn a~kbbns cn bj cn~}k`n jggn" kb sujtnu|n ~gnyukhcn cn lm`jfn cn := `hk| -c~ :;`n `hk| j~ 9 yju `hk|+ ?

\j yukhcn cn lm`jfn |juusn bn yun`knu `hk| cn bj z~jsuk`njggn" kb unsuh~tn ~g n`ybhk u`~gu : >99 yju `hk|" a~|z~ bjdkg cn bj yukhcn cn |k`~bjskhg'

Jtnl bn |lgjukh :" bn `hgsjgs ck`ys c gn |ja~|sn z~jtnl ~gjg cn unsjuc 1 jbhu| z~n bn untng~ jgg~nb c~ lhgsuke~jebn yj||n cn:= 999 n~uh| -cnugkun jggn yulcjgs bn lm`jfn+ :>


54/208

YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \HÛLN NS K@YS \Û BN UNTNG^ >;

a~kbbns+" bn lhgsuke~jebn |~eks ~gn ynusn cn untng~ jyu| k`ys cn3>9 n~uh| yju `hk|" |hks ~gn ejk||n cn untng~ cn yu| c~g sknu|'

Bj sngcjgln |n yh~u|~ks |~u bn| |nys yun`knu| `hk| cn bjggn|~ktjgsn -bj suhk|k n jggn yu|ngsn cjg| bngljcu lkcn||~|+ a~|z~ ln z~n |n| gh~tnj~} untng~| lh``~gkz~| bjc`kgk|sujskhglhgc~k|n lnbbnlk ja~|snu bn sj~} ck`yh|kskhg -ln||jskhg c~ yubtn`ngscn| jlh`ysn| `ng|~nb| yjusku cjhs ns unèh~u|n`ngs j~ lhgsuke~jebnc~ suhy ynu~" |jthku 594 n~uh|" yju ujyyhus bk`ys smhukz~n cn333 n~uh| c j~ sksun cn| untng~| cn bj cn~}k`n jggn+'

Bn lhgsuke~jebn unsuh~tjgs ~g n`ybhk j~ :nu ajgtknu cn bj z~jsuk`njggn" |hg k`ys |nuj cjehuc `kghu j~ lh~u| cn lnbbnlk -lju ljbl~b |~ubj ej|n cn| untng~| cn bj suhk|k`n jggn" yukhcn cn lm`jfn lhgskg~+"ngsujgjgs lnssn dhk| ~gn mj~||n c~ untng~ jyu| k`ys c~ lhgsuke~jebn'Ln|s dkgjbn`ngs ~g jg ns cn`k yb~| sjuc" ng jhs cn bj lkgz~k`n jggn"z~n bk`ys |n uja~|snuj j~ unsh~u bn`ybhk c~ lhgsuke~jebn tkj ~gujyynb k`yhusjgs cn


56/208


Fujymkz~n g :5 1 thb~skhg c~ untng~ ck|yhgkebn jyu| k`ys cjg| bn|lgjukh :

-k`ys |~u bn untng~ jls~nb jtnl `ng|~jbk|jskhg+

;99

::99

:99

:699

:;99

5:99

: < > 6 ; :: :< :> :6 :; 5 : 5< 5> 56 5; > >6 >;

Untng~ jyu| k`ys jls~nb

Yukhcn cn lm`jfn

\h~uln 1 Ckunlskhg fgujbn cn| dkgjgln| y~ebkz~n| ns ujyyhusn~u yjuskl~bknu'

Cjg| bn ljcun c~ |lgjukh 5 -unsng~n bj |h~uln k`yjudjksn jtnl~gkz~n`ngs bnddns j||knssn+" bja~|sn`ngs cn bk`ys bj ejk||n c~ untng~c~ lhgsuke~jebn n|s yb~| ujykcn 1 c| bn `hk| z~k |~ks bj ynusn cn`ybhk"bk`ys yubnt lmjz~n `hk| |ja~|sn bj ejk||n -y~k|z~kb |jfks c~g

sj~} jyybkz~ ~g untng~ z~k ck`kg~n+ ns yj||n cn 66 n~uh| yju `hk| >3 n~uh| yju hk|'

Sh~sndhk|" bja~|sn`ngs c~ sj~} ck`yh|kskhg gkgsnutngjgs z~ng a~kbbns cn bjggn |~ktjgs bj ynusn cn`ybhk" bn fjkg ynu`k| yju bnddnssj~} -bn sj~} ck`yh|kskhg yj||n cn >"5 . 5"; ." ngsujgjgs ~gngh~tnbbn ejk||n cn| jlh`ysn| `ng|~nb| 3 n~uh|yulcn``ngs+ gn|s hesng~ z~jtnl unsjuc'




57/208


Sjebnj~ g > 1 Tjukjskhg| c~ untng~ jyu| k`ys c~ lhgsuke~jebn cjg| bnljcun cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln k`yjudjksn

- nddns j||knssn |n~bn`ngs ? yukhcn cn lm`jfn fuk|n+

Untng~`ng|~nb c~

lhgsuke~jebn-ng +

Sj~}cn

unsng~n bj

|h~uln

@hgsjgs cnbk`ysyubnt

lmjz~n `hk|-ng +

Untng~ck|yhgkebn

jyu| k`ys-ng +

Nthb~skhg c~untng~

`ng|~nb ck|yhgkebn-ng .+

Jggn 9 : >99 >"5 .4= 66 : 35< Jggn : : >99 >"5 . 66 : 35<

Jggn 5 -ajgtknua~kg+ : >99 >"5 . 66 : 35<

Jggn 5 -a~kbbns clnèun+-lm`jfn+

: 9>9 >"5 . >3 ;;4 3 ;;4

Jggn < -jhs clnèun+

: 9>9 5"; .4;

4 y~k| : >99/

unèh~u|n`ngs/ 35"6> .

Jggn > -ajgtknua~kbbns+ : >99 9 . 9 : >99 / ":< .


Jkg|k" bj unsng~n bj |h~uln k`yjudjksn gjyyhusn z~~g fjkgbk`ks yh~u bn lhgsuke~jebn yju ujyyhus bj `ng|~jbk|jskhg cn bk`ys |~ubn untng~" ng snu`n| cn untng~ ck|yhgkebn jyu| k`ys' \~ush~s" bje|nglncja~|sn`ngs ng sn`y| unb c~ sj~} ck`yh|kskhg lhgc~ks bj ynu|k|sjgln

4= Cnugknu sj~} ck`yh|kskhg lhgg~ c~ lhgsuke~jebn" ljbl~b ng ujyyhusjgs j~ cnugknuuntng~ k`yh|jebn lhgg~ bn sj~} ck`yh|kskhg lhuun|yhgcjgs lh`ysn sng~ cn bj|ks~jskhg dj`kbkjbn c~ dh{nu ns c~ eju`n cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ -;5= ( := 999+'4; Gh~tnj~ sj~} ljbl~b ng jyybkz~jgs j~ gh~tnj~ untng~ lhgg~ c~ lhgsuke~jebn-untng~ fbhejb cn bjggn 5" k'n' :>


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YUBTN@NGS\ J BJ \HÛLN NS K@YS \Û BN UNTNG^ 499 >"5 . 66 : 35< Jggn 5 -ajgtknua~kg+

: >99 >"5 . 66 : 35<

Jggn 5 -a~kbbns clnèun+-lm`jfn+

: 9>9 : .6< :: : 99 9 .9 /

unèh~u|n`ngs-=3 +6>

: 9>9

Jggn 3 -unyuk|ncn`ybhk+

: >99 >"5 . 66 : 35< ">5 .

Jggn > -ajgtknua~kbbns+

: >99 >"5 . 66 : 35<

Jggn > -jhs clnèun+

: >99 >"5 . 66 : 35<


Bj unsng~n bj |h~uln yjudjksn n|s jkg|k j~sun`ngs yb~|yuhdksjebn j~ lhgsuke~jebn z~n bn| cn~} yulcngs| |{|s`n| 1 bja~|sn`ngsk``ckjs ns `j}k`jb cn bk`ys ynu`ns cn bk`ksnu 56 . bj ejk||n c~untng~ ck|yhgkebn jyu| k`ys" |hks `hkg| z~n bj ejk||n c~ untng~ eu~slj~|n yju bj ynusn cn bn`ybhk -


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Jtnl bj unsng~n bj |h~uln yjudjksn " bn lhgsuke~jebn egdklknc~g untng~ gns jyu| k`ys cn : 96 .+yju ujyyhus bj |ks~jskhg jls~nbbn'

Ng h~sun" bj unsng~n bj |h~uln yjudjksn ynu`ns cn `kn~} bk||nubn| tjukjskhg| cn untng~ jyu| k`ys c~ lhgsuke~jebn" y~k|z~n bk`ys|ja~|sn ng ynu`jgngln ng sn`y| unb j~} tjukjskhg| cn untng~' Jkg|k" bn

untng~ ck|yhgkebn jyu| k`ys tjukn j~ yb~| cn 56 . |~u bj yukhcn" lhgsun39 . h~ yb~| jtnl bn| cn~} |{|s`n| yulcngs|'

Fujymkz~n g :> 1 thb~skhg cn| unsng~n| bj |h~uln `ng|~nbbn|cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ cjg| bn |lgjukh 9

:99

:>9

599

5>9

6 ; :: :< :> :6 :; 5: 5< 5> 56 5; > >6 >;

Hyskhg 5 1 u nsng~n bj |h~uln nddns j|| knssn ns sj~}

Yukhcn cn lm`jfn

\h~uln 1 Ckunlskhg fgujbn cn| dkgjgln| y~ebkz~n| ns ujyyhusn~u yjuskl~bknu




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Fujymkz~n g:4 1 thb~skhg c~ untng~ ck|yhgkebn jyu| k`yscjg| bn |lgjukh 6 ; :: :< :> :6 :; 5: 5< 5> 56 5; > >6 >;

Untng~ j u| unsng~n bj |h~uln h skhg 5

Yukhcn cn lm`jfn

\h~uln 1 Ckunlskhg fgujbn cn| dkgjgln| y~ebkz~n| ns ujyyhusn~u yjuskl~bknu

Jkg|k" bj unsng~n bj |h~uln n|s |~|lnyskebn cjyyhusnu ~gnj`bkhujskhg |ng|kebn cjg| bj yuk|n ng lh`ysn cn| tjukjskhg| cn untng~ cn|lhgsuke~jebn| yju ujyyhus j~ |{|s`n jls~nb" ghsj``ngs yh~u bn|lhgsuke~jebn| `hcn|sn| lhggjk||jgs ck`yhusjgsn| ejk||n| cn untng~

-lm`jfn" cyjus ng unsujksn '''+'Sh~sndhk|" lns nddns yh|kskd cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln gn ah~n

tuksjebn`ngs z~n cjg| bn ljcun c~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln yjudjksn z~k"ng ynu`nssjgs bja~|sn`ngs c~ sj~} ck`yh|kskhg ng sn`y| unb ns |jg|nuun~u -z~n ln |hks bkgkskjsktn cn bjc`kgk|sujskhg h~ lnbbn c~lhgsuke~jebn+" ynu`ns cn l~`~bnu bnddns sj~} bnddns j||knssn '

Hu" lh``n lnbj |nuj `hgsu ng cn~}k`n yjuskn" ~gn unsng~n bj|h~uln yjudjksn n|s lh`ybn}n esku cjg| bn ljcun c~ |{|s`n dk|ljbjls~nb ns n`yhusn ng lhgsunyjuskn ~g lnusjkg gh`eun ckglhgtgkngs|"ghsj``ngs ng snu`n| cn lhs| cn fn|skhg yh~u bjc`kgk|sujskhg ns ( h~ bn|sknu| yj{n~u|'

KKK Bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln n|skb cn gjs~un j`bkhunu bj bk|kekbks cn bk`ys ns" ln djk|jgs"

ungdhulnu bn lhg|ngsn`ngs bk`ys 8

Bn lhg|ngsn`ngs bk`ys n|s b~g cn| yukglkyn| dhgcjsn~u| cn bjUy~ebkz~n' Cn~} cn| ck}|nys jusklbn| cn bj clbjujskhg cn| cuhks| cnbmh``n ns c~ lksh{ng cn :6=; b~k |hgs lhg|jlu| 1




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jusklbn ]KKK 1 Yh~u bngsunskng cn bj dhuln y~ebkz~n" ns yh~u bn|cyng|n| cjc`kgk|sujskhg" ~gn lhgsuke~skhg lh``~gn n|skgck|yng|jebn' Nbbn chks sun fjbn`ngs uyjuskn ngsun sh~| bn|Lksh{ng|" ng ujk|hg cn bn~u| djl~bs|' ?

jusklbn ]KT 1 Sh~| bn| Lksh{ng| hgs bn cuhks cn lhg|sjsnu" yjun~}``n| h~ yju bn~u| Unyu|ngsjgs|" bj gln||ks cn bjlhgsuke~skhg y~ebkz~n" cn bj lhg|ngsku bkeun`ngs" cng |~ktunbn`ybhk ns cng csnu`kgnu bj z~hsks" bj||knssn" bn unlh~tun`ngsns bj c~un' '

Bj djhg chgs bn `hcn cn unlh~tun`ngs cn bk`ys gh~uuks bjljyjlks cn| lksh{ng| _bnP lhg|ngsku bkeun`ngs gn |j~ujks chgl sungfbkfn 1 kb |jfks cn b~g cn| csnu`kgjgs| c~ lhgsujs |hlkjb'

J Yn~ lhgsujkfgjgs ns ujykcn`ngs unlh~tu" bnyubtn`ngs bj |h~uln yn~s ungdhulnu bjllnysjskhg cn

bk`ys yju bn lhgsuke~jebn

Jgcu Ejukbjuk ujyynbbn z~n bn yun`knu tk|jfn cn bk`ys un|sn" yh~u bkgcktkc~" lnb~k cn bj lhgsujkgsn ' Ng nddns" jlz~kn|lnu bjgln||ks cn bk`ys gn|s gk k``ckjs gk tkcngs" ``n cjg| ~g ljcunc`hlujskz~n' Lnbj |~yyh|n yh~u bkgcktkc~ cjc`nssun z~ sujtnu| bn|

`ljgk|`n| cn bj clk|khg lhbbnlsktn" bn |h~tnujkg -chgs kb djks yjuskn ngsjgs z~n lksh{ng+ j clkc bn yubtn`ngs" ns cn lh`yungcun z~nb~skbk|jskhg cn lnb~klk unbtn fjbn`ngs cn bj clk|khg lhbbnlsktn bjz~nbbn kb chks yjusklkynu 64'

Djln ~gn snbbn ynulnyskhg" bngan~ n|s cn djthuk|nu ~g `nkbbn~ulhg|ngsn`ngs bk`ys" ln|sckun bjblmk`kn z~k ynu`ns cn djkunlh`yungcun z~n b~g _bkgcktkc~nbP gn}k|sn yj| |jg| bj~sun _bnlhbbnlskdP 66' Bn| sujtj~} ~gktnu|ksjkun| ulngs| |h~bkfgngs z~n lns heanlskdk`ybkz~n cn yh~u|~ktun cn~} c`julmn| lh`yb`ngsjkun| 1 bj`bkhujskhgc~ yuhln||~| cn clk|khg c`hlujskz~n" c~gn yjus bn lktk|`n dk|ljblbj||kz~n ? ns bj unlmnulmn c~gn `nkbbn~un z~jbks cn |nutkln| ungc~|j~} ~|jfnu|" cj~sun yjus bn gh~tnj~ lktk|`n dk|ljb 6=' Bj yknuunjgf~bjkun cn ln |nlhgc heanlskd n|s bn yukglkyn cn lh``hcks cn bk`ys"jkg|k ghgl yju Jcj` \`ksm 1 Sh~s k`ys chks sun ynu~ byhz~n ns

64 J' Ejukbjuk" Bn lhg|ngsn`ngs bk`ys" dujfkbn `jk| kgck|yng|jebn jyhukn kg Unfjuc| luhk|| |~u blhgh`kn Z~nbbn dk|ljbks yh~u z~nb| heanlskd| 8" BjClh~tnusn" 5996'66 J' Ejukbjuk hy' lks'6= @' Eh~tknu" Gh~tnj~ lktk|`n dk|ljb ns bfksk`ks c~ unlh~tun`ngs cn bk`ys "Unt~n dujgjk|n cn| dkgjgln| y~ebkz~n| g ::5" ghtn`eun 59:9'




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|nbhg bn `hcn z~n bhg yn~s yu|~`nu bn| yb~| lh``hcn| yh~u bnlhgsuke~jebn 6;'

J lnssn j~gn" bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln yn~s sun lhg|kcu lh``ndjthuk|jgs ~g `nkbbn~u lhg|ngsn`ngs bk`ys' Ng nddns" lh``n lnbj j st~ cjg| bn| yulcngs| lmjyksun|" bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln n|sfgujbn`ngs j||hlk cn~} z~jbks| 1

kb |k`ybkdkn bn yjkn`ngs cn bk`ys yh~u bn lhgsuke~jebn"y~k|z~n bn unlh~tun ngs n|s lhgdk ~g sknu| yj{n~u 1 |j~duf~bjuk|jskhg" bn lhgsuke~jebn gj yb~| cn c`julmn yjuskl~bkun

jllh`ybku yh~u yj{nu |hg k`ys' Lnbj yn~s sun ynu~ lh``n ~gnlhgsujkgsn ng `hkg| yju ujyyhus cn| k`ys| z~k gln||ksngs ~gyjkn`ngs `jg~nb -lmz~n" tkun`ngs ejgljkun '''+ ?

kb chggn yb~| cn tk|kekbks j~ lhgsuke~jebn |~u |hg untng~ck|yhgkebn" y~k|z~n bn untng~ z~k n|s tnu| |~u bn lh`ysnejgljkun c~ lhgsuke~jebn n|s gns ck`ys -|~u bn untng~+' Bnlhgsuke~jebn yn~s chgl ck|yh|nu cn |hg untng~ bkeun`ngs" |jg|jthku |n yuhll~ynu cn lhg|sks~nu ~gn yjufgn cn yulj~skhg ngyutk|khg c~g k`ys d~s~u' Ln yhkgs n|s yhsngsknbbn`ngs|kfgkdkljskd" lh``n bn `hgsun bn lmjyksun |~ktjgs |~u bnlh`yhusn`ngs cyjufgn cn| `gjfn| jtnl ~g k`ys |~u ubn'

Cn djks" bn |hgcjfn ujbk| yju ETJ ng 5995 yh~u bn Lhg|nkb cn|k`ys| utbjks z~n bn| cn~} yun`kun| `hsktjskhg| kgckz~n| yju bn|yjusk|jg| cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln sjkngs yulk|`ngs bj |k`ybklks c~`hcn cn yjkn`ngs cn bk`ys -35 . cn lksjskhg| ng yun`knu+ ns bj djlkbks cn fn|skhg yh~u bn `gjfn u|~bsjgs c~ djks cn ck|yh|nuk``ckjsn`ngs c~g untng~ gns ck`ys -5; . cn lksjskhg| ng yun`knu+=9'

Bjtjgln ynu`k|n yju bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln j~ unfjuc c~yukglkyn cn lh``hcks cn bk`ys chks sh~sndhk| sun unbjsktk|n bj~gncn cn~} djlsn~u| 1

bn}k|sngln cn lh``hcks| jgjbhf~n| ca hddnusn| yju bn|{|s`n jls~nb 1 bj `ng|~jbk|jskhg h~ bn yubtn`ngsj~sh`jskz~n" yju n}n`ybn" hddungs ~gn |k`ybklks cn yjkn`ngsjgjbhf~n lnbbn z~jyyhusnujks bj unsng~n bj |h~uln' Cn ln yhkgscn t~n" bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~gjyyhusnujks yj| cj`bkhujskhg yju ujyyhus j~ |{|s`n jls~nb"

6; J' \`ksm"Unlmnulmn| |~u bj gjs~un ns bn| lj~|n| cn bj uklmn||n cn| gjskhg| lks kg@' Eh~tknu" Gh~tnj~ lktk|`n dk|ljb ns bfksk`ks c~ unlh~tun`ngs cn bk`ys "Unt~n dujgjk|n cn| dkgjgln| y~ebkz~n| g ::5" ghtn`eun 59:9'=9 Lhg|nkb cn| k`ys|"Bn| unbjskhg| ngsun bn| lhgsuke~jebn| ns bjc`kgk|sujskhg dk|ljbn"hy' lks'




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|j~d tngs~nbbn`ngs yh~u bn| lhgsuke~jebn| z~k yuhlcngs nglhun ~g yjkn`ngs `jg~nb |h~| u|nutn z~n bn yjkn`ngs `jg~nb gnu|~bsn yj| c~g lmhk} cbkeu cn bn~u yjus" ln z~k yn~s sunck|l~s ?

bk`yjls c~ `hcbn cn unsng~n bj |h~uln |~u bj lh``hckscn| c`julmn| c~ lhgsuke~jebn 1 lh``n bn `hgsungs ng csjkbbn| ctnbhyyn`ngs| cn bj cn~}k`n yjuskn" bn| c`julmn| jllh`ybku yju bn lhgsuke~jebn cjg| bn ljcun c~g k`ys unsng~ bj |h~uln |hgs dhusn`ngs cyngcjgsn| k' cn bj lh`ybn}ks cnbk`ys ? kk' c~ `hcbn cn unsng~n bj |h~uln lmhk|k' Lh`ysn sng~cn bj |su~ls~un cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ ng Dujgln -dhusnynu|hggjbk|jskhg" gh`eun~|n| cyng|n| dk|ljbn| '''+ ns cn bjckddkl~bs z~kb { j~ujks `nssun ng ybjln ~gn unsng~n bj |h~ulnynu`nssjgs ~g ja~|sn`ngs su| ujykcn cn bk`ys j~} tjukjskhg| cnuntng~ c~ lhgsuke~jebn -n}n`ysjgs yju n}n`ybn lnb~klk cnyuhlcnu ~gn uf~bjuk|jskhg cn |hg k`ys lmjz~n jggn+" kbgn|s yj| lnusjkg z~n bj unsng~n bj |h~uln djthuk|nujks ~gn`nkbbn~un lh``hcks cn bk`ys'

Jkg|k" |k bj unsng~n bj |h~uln djthuk|n ng smhukn ~g `nkbbn~ulhg|ngsn`ngs bk`ys tkj bn ungdhuln`ngs cn bj lh``hcks cn lnb~klk" kb gn|s yj| tkcngs z~n ln| nddns| |nujkngs un||ngsk| cn `jgkun

|kfgkdkljsktn yju bn lhgsuke~jebn dujgjk|'

E @jk| ln djk|jgs" bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln n|s `hkg|kcngskdkjebn ns yn~s jbsunu bn lhg|ngsn`ngs c~ lksh{ng

bk`ys

J lhgsujukh" bj unsng~n bj |h~uln n|s |~|lnyskebn cjddjkebku bj~sunykbknu c~ lhg|ngsn`ngs bk`ys n}yh| yju @klmnb Eh~tknu 1 bn lktk|`n dk|ljb lbj||kz~n z~k yj||n yju ~gn `nkbbn~un yjusklkyjskhg c~lhgsuke~jebn lksh{ng j~ cejs c`hlujskz~n'

Ng nddns" bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln n`yhusn cn~} lhg|z~ngln| ng

`jskun cn bk|kekbks cn bk`ys 1 kb n|s `hkg| ckunlsn`ngs ynulnyskebn yh~u bn lhgsuke~jebn 1

unsng~ |~u bj dklmn cn yj{n j~} ls| cj~sun| yubtn`ngs|-lhsk|jskhg| |hlkjbn|" L\F '''+" bk`ys yubnt bj |h~ulngjyyjujs yb~| |~u bn lh`ysn ejgljkun c~ lhgsuke~jebn" h |n~bdkf~un bn |jbjkun gns ck`ys' Bn lhgsuke~jebn chks chgl ngfjfnu~gn c`julmn |ylkdkz~n unfjucnu bn csjkb cn |j dklmn cn yj{nns" ~gn dhk| yju jg" lhg|~bsnu |j clbjujskhg cn untng~ yh~ulhggjsun bn `hgsjgs ck`ys z~kb tnu|n bj lhbbnlsktks' Kb yn~s




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ng u|~bsnu ~gn `hkgcun lh`yumng|khg c~ yhkc| cn|yubtn`ngs| hebkfjshkun| ns" lhg|z~n``ngs" c~ cejs y~ebkl|~u bj dk|ljbks' Ln|s yh~u uyhgcun lnssn yuhll~yjskhg z~n bnunyu|ngsjgs uy~ebkljkg j~ Lhgfu| jùkljkg Uhg Yj~b jyu|ngs suhk| unyuk|n| ~g yuhans cn bhk sngcjgs un`ybjlnu bn|unsng~n| bj |h~uln yju ~g `ljgk|`n cn yjkn`ngs `ng|~nb cnbk`ys" jdkg cn ynu`nssun j~} lhgsuke~jebn| cn `kn~}jyyulknu bj`ybn~u cn bn~u djucnj~ dk|ljb =: ?

kb n|s `hkg| ckunlsn`ngs lh`yumng|kebn 1 ng h~sun" z~jgc ekng``n bn lhgsuke~jebn |h~mjksnujks lhggjsun bn `hgsjgs cn |hgk`ys" kb g{ n|s yj| dhul`ngs jkc yju bn |{|s`n cn unsng~n bj|h~uln' Ng nddns" ~gn tjukjskhg c~ untng~ gns z~k b~k n|s tnu| yju|hg n`ybh{n~u yn~s u|~bsnu" |hks c~gn tjukjskhg cn |hg sj~}ck`yh|kskhg" |hks c~gn tjukjskhg cn |j u`~gujskhg' @`nz~jgc bn lhgsuke~jebn djks bj c`julmn cn lhg|~bsnu bj bkfgnunbjsktn |hg sj~} ck`yh|kskhg |~u |j dklmn cn yj{n" lnbbnlk yn~sbkgc~kun ng nuun~u |k" yju n}n`ybn" bn sj~} ck`yh|kskhg gkgsfunyj| sh~| bn| b`ngs| cn ljbl~b cn bk`ys -ungth{jgs bn yjkn`ngsc~ |hbcn bhu| c~gn uf~bjuk|jskhg ng dkg cjggn+ h~ |k" j~lhgsujkun" kb kgsfun cn| b`ngs| j~sun| z~n ln~} unbjskd| j~ljbl~b cn bk`ys yh~u bjggn ng lh~u| 1 kgsfujskhg cj~sun|k`yh|kskhg| -yju n}n`ybn bj dbhhc bnt{ yubntnsn`yhujkun`ngs ng 59:: ng J~|sujbkn yh~u dkgjglnu bn| sujtj~}cn unlhg|su~lskhg j~ Z~nng|bjgc c~ djks cn| kghgcjskhg|ulngsn|+ h~ kgsfujskhg cn| uf~bjuk|jskhg| cn| k`yh|kskhg|yulcngsn| -hyskhggnbbn j~ Uh{j~`n^gk" ng Kubjgcn ns j~Cjgn`juo+' Yju lh`yjujk|hg" bn |{|s`n c~ yjkn`ngs |~u ubnz~k yutj~s jls~nbbn`ngs ng Dujgln n|s yb~| lh`yumng|kebn 1 bnlhgsuke~jebn unhks ~gn dhk| yju jg ~g jtk| ck`yh|kskhguljyks~bjgs bn sj~} |{gsmskz~n ck`ys c j~ sksun cn bng|nèbncn |n| untng~|" jkg|k z~n blmjglknu cn| yjkn`ngs| tngku' Bn|yubtn`ngs| nddnls~| lmjz~n `hk| -lhgsuke~jebn `ng|~jbk|+h~ j~} lmjgln| lhuun|yhgcngs n}jlsn`ngs bk`ys c yju bnlhgsuke~jebn ?

|~u ~g ybjg yb~| |{èhbkz~n" hg yn~s lhg|kcunu z~n bn yjkn`ngscn bk`ys n|s ~g jlsn lksh{ng yju bnz~nb bn lhgsuke~jebn`jgkdn|sn |hg jssjlmn`ngs thbhgsjkun bj lhgsuke~skhg j~}lmjufn| y~ebkz~n|' Bn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln cn bk`ys |~u bnuntng~ |~yyuk`nujks lnssn `jgkdn|sjskhg c~ lhgsuke~jebn" c~

=:C' Eh~cunj~ ns F' Bjukg" Bn| unsng~n| bj |h~uln ns bn| jlh`ysn| yuhtk|khggnb| 1cn| yuheb`n| cn lh~tnus~un ns cz~ks Dj|lkl~bn : 1 Bn| dhgcn`ngs| smhukz~n|"Lmjkun cn unlmnulmn ng dk|ljbks ns ng dkgjgln| y~ebkz~n|" `ju| 59:9" yjfn


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`hkg| yh~u bn| 59 . cngsun n~} z~k gn |hgs yj| `ng|~jbk||' Ng5995" :3 . cn| ynu|hggn| kgsnuuhfn| jtjkngs `hskt bn~umh|skbks bj unsng~n bj |h~uln ng yukhuks yh~u lnssn ujk|hg =5'

Ngdkg" bj unsng~n bj |h~uln yn~s ngsujgnu cn| lhg|z~ngln|lhbbjsujbn| z~k" |k nbbn| gjddnlsngs yj| ckunlsn`ngs bn bkng ngsun bnlhgsuke~jebn ns bk`ys" yn~tngs jbsunu yju jkbbn~u| bn cejs y~ebkl' Ngnddns" bkgsuhc~lskhg c~g sknu| yj{n~u" |kb |jfks cn bn`ybh{n~u" yn~synus~uenu bn| unbjskhg| cn sujtjkb 1 cn| ujlskhg| cmh|skbks yn~tngsjyyjujsun ngsun |jbjuk|" y~k|z~n cn~} |jbjuk| hll~yjgs bj ``n dhglskhg

yh~uujkngs chugjtjgs unlnthku ~g |jbjkun gns ckddungs |k bn~u| sj~}ck`yh|kskhg |hgs ckddungs| -yju n}n`ybn |k b~g j cn| ngdjgs| ns bj~sunyj|+ ? cn ``n" bj lujkgsn z~n bn`ybh{n~u ~skbk|n bkgdhu`jskhg gh~tnbbnchgs kb j~ujks lhggjk||jgln -bn sj~} ck`yh|kskhg cn |n| |jbjuk|+ yh~uhukngsnu bj yhbkskz~n |jbjukjbn cn bngsunyuk|n" thkun |j yhbkskz~n cn`ybhk-bklnglkn`ngs ng yukhuks cn| |jbjuk| chgs bn sj~} ck`yh|kskhg yb~| bnt|n`ebn kgckz~nu z~kb| ynuhktngs cj~sun| untng~|+ gn |j~ujks sungfbkfn" ghsj``ngs cjg| bn| ynsksn| ngsunyuk|n| ? ngdkg" bn| tjukjskhg| cn|jbjkun gns ngfngcun| yju bj unsng~n bj |h~uln -~gn mj~||n c~ sj~}ck`yh|kskhg ngsujgjgs ~gn ejk||n c~ |jbjkun gns+ yh~uujkngs |~|lksnuuf~bkun`ngs cn gh~tnbbn| untngckljskhg| |jbjukjbn|' Ln| yuhll~yjskhg|hgs s n}yuk`n| jtnl lhg|sjgln yju bn| hufjgk|jskhg| |{gckljbn| cn|jbjuk| lh``n cn`ybh{n~u| z~k hgs s unglhgsun| cjg| bn ljcun c~yu|ngs n}nulkln'

L Ng h~sun" bj sujg|kskhg tnu| bn yubtn`ngs bj|h~uln n|s |~|lnyskebn cngsujgnu

cn| `jbngsngc~| |ylkdkz~n|

Kgcyngcj``ngs c~ yuheb`n yh| yju bj ch~ebn k`yh|kskhg -ld' cn~}k`n yjuskn+" bj `k|n ng ~tun c~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln |nsujc~ks `ljgkz~n`ngs yju ~gn ejk||n c~ |jbjkun gns bhu| cn bj yun`kunjggn ck`yh|kskhg'

Ng nddns" |k bj unsng~n bj |h~uln n|s `k|n ng ~tun j~ :nu ajgtknucn bjggn g" bn |jbjuk |n thks jyybkz~nu |~u |hg |jbjkun c~ `hk| cn ajgtknu~g sj~} ck`yh|kskhg z~k gn}k|sjks yj| j~yjujtjgs' Bn |jbjkun z~k n|stnu| |~u |hg lh`ysn ejgljkun n|s chgl j`y~s c~ `hgsjgs ck`yschugjtjgs yubnt bj |h~uln' Ln|s bnddns ej| cn bj dn~kbbn cn yj{n '

Lnusn|" bn| n}n`ybn| dh~ugk| cjg| bn lmjyksun yulcngs `hgsungsz~n bj ejk||n un|snujks bk`ksn -bn |jbjuk lbkejsjkun |jg| ngdjgs ynulntjgs

=5 Lhg|nkb cn| k`ys|"Bn| unbjskhg| ngsun bn| lhgsuke~jebn| ns bjc`kgk|sujskhg dk|ljbn"hy' lks'




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bn untng~ `ckjg cn : >99 n~uh| yju `hk| |~ekujks ~g yubtn`ngs cn66 n~uh| yju `hk|" |hks ~gn ejk||n cngtkuhg > . cn |hg |jbjkun gns+' Cnyb~|" bj `k|n ng ybjln cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln |jllh`yjfgnujksgjs~unbbn`ngs cn bj dkg c~ yubtn`ngs `ng|~nb -h~ blmjgln+ cnbk`ys |~u bn lh`ysn ejgljkun z~k yutjbjks jtnl bjglkng |{|s`n 1 yh~uln ``n lhgsuke~jebn u`~gu : >99 n~uh| yju `hk|" bj |~yyun||khg cn|`ng|~jbks|" j yukhuk ujbk|n j~ `h`ngs ``n h bj unsng~n bj |h~ulnn|s `k|n ng ybjln=


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Lmjyksun KT

Yubtn`ngs| bj |h~uln nsj||jkgk||n`ngs cn| dkgjgln| y~ebkz~n|

^gn n}sng|khg c~ yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln yh~uujks" sh~sn| lmh|n|fjbn| yju jkbbn~u|" jthku ~gn kglkcngln |~u suhk| yjuj`sun| cn| dkgjgln|y~ebkz~n| 1

k' bj su|hunukn cn bsjs" cjg| bj `n|~un h ~g fjkg cn su|hunuknyh~uujks sun hesng~ cn bj |~yyun||khg c~ cljbjfn c~g jg ngsunynulnyskhg cn| untng~| ns unlh~tun`ngs cn bk`ys ?

kk' bn `hgsjgs cn| unlnssn| dk|ljbn| lhbbnlsn| lmjz~n jggn" |kbn yubtn`ngs bj |h~uln ynu`ns cn dkjekbk|nu bn unlh~tun`ngscn bk`ys ns jkg|k cn uc~kun bj yjus cn| lujgln| dk|ljbn| z~k gn|hgs yj| ynu~n| lmjz~n jggn ?

kkk' bn| cyng|n| y~ebkz~n|" |kb |jtujks z~n bn yubtn`ngs bj|h~uln ynu`nssjks cn ujbk|nu cn| fjkg| cn yuhc~lsktks" ns chglcn| lhgh`kn| cn`ybhk|" cjg| bjc`kgk|sujskhg dk|ljbn'

K Bn}sng|khg c~ yubtn`ngs bj |h~ulnynu`nssujksnbbn bsjs cn ujbk|nu ~g fjkg

cn su|hunukn 8

J Yuheb`jskz~n fgujbn 1 bn fjkg cn su|hunuknsmhukz~n u|~bsn c~ l~`~b c~g bk||jfn cn|

ngljk||n`ngs| ns cn bjtjgln`ngs cn bj||knssn sj}jebnc~g jg

: Ng smhukn" bj unsng~n bj |h~uln fgun `ljgkz~n`ngs ~gfjkg cn su|hunukn yh~u bsjs

Bj unsng~n bj |h~uln cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ n|s |~|lnyskebn cnfgunu cn| fjkg| cn su|hunukn yh~u bsjs yh~u cn~} ujk|hg| 1

k' jtnl bj unsng~n bj |h~uln" bn yuhc~ks cn bk`ys n|sunlh~tu yb~| uf~bkun`ngs ujk|hg c~gn dujlskhg yju`hk|' Kb |jfks ng yukglkyn c~g jtjgsjfn yju ujyyhus j~ |{|s`n




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cn| sknu| yuhtk|khggnb| cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ jls~nb' Yjun}n`ybn" |k bsjs chks unlh~tunu ~g `hgsjgs shsjb ck`ys cn: 999 n~uh| |~u bjggn" kb ng j ng yukglkyn ca unlh~tu 399 j~`hk| cjtukb jtnl ~gn unsng~n `ng|~nbbn -z~jsun yubtn ngs| cn:99 n~uh| cny~k| bn ce~s cn bjggn+" jbhu| z~jtnl bn |{|s`ncn sknu| yuhtk|khggnb|" |n~b bn yun`knu sknu| cn '

5 Cjg| bn lhgsn}sn dujgjk|" ln fjkg smhukz~n n|s enj~lh~y`hkg| tkcngs

Kgs~ksktn`ngs" cn~} |ukn| cn djlsn~u| tknggngs dhusn`ngs g~jglnubn| fjkg| jssngcun cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln cjg| bn ljcun dujgjk| 1

k' bn| djlsn~u| bk| j~ u{sm`n cn unlh~tun`ngs cn bk`ys |~ubn untng~ 1 c~gn yjus" lh``n lnbj j s ujyynb j~ K c~ lmjyksunKKK lkcn||~|" yb~| cn 69 . cn| uncntjebn| cn bk`ys |~u bnuntng~ |hgs `ng|~jbk|| 1 lnbj ynu`ns bsjs cn egdklknu c|j~ah~ucm~k c~gn yjus yuyhgcujgsn cn |n| unlnssn| |~u ~gn ej|n`ng|~nbbn' Cj~sun yjus" bn ljbngcuknu cn unlh~tun`ngs cn| sknu|yuhtk|khggnb| yh~u bn| Y' Lmj`y|j~u" Sm' Enus"@k||khg 599< hy' lks' y' :96'




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z~ng ujbks" bn yuhc~ks cn bk`ys n|s tnu| bsjs yb~| tksn z~n|k ln| lhgsuke~jebn| sjkngs `ng|~jbk||' Ng nddns" bn yun`knu sknu|-|hks ~g sknu| cn bk`ys shsjb cn bjggn+ n|s c c| bn :> dtuknu"jbhu| z~n ln ljy gn|s dujglmk z~ng jtukb yh~u bn| lhgsuke~jebn|`ng|~jbk||' C| bn `hk| |~ktjgs -`jk+" bn| lhgsuke~jebn| chktngstnu|nu bn cn~}k`n sknu| ? bn| lhgsuke~jebn| `ng|~jbk||" n~}"jssngcuhgs bn `hk| cn a~kbbns yh~u tnu|nu ~gn |h``n z~ktjbngsn'Ngdkg" bn |hbcn n|s c c| bn :> |nysn`eun" jbhu| z~n bn|lhgsuke~jebn| `ng|~jbk|| tnu|ngs bn~u cnugknu jlh`ysn nghlsheun' J~ shsjb chgl" bjtjgsjfn cn su|hunukn c j~ bk||jfn

cn| unlnssn| z~jyyhusnujks bj unsng~n bj |h~uln ng Dujgln n|scntng~ bjufn`ngs smhukz~n'

Fujymkz~n g :6 1 @hgsjgs l~`~b cn| jlh`ysn| tnu|| bsjs yju ~glhgsuke~jebn `ng|~jbk| -ng tnus+ ns yju ~g lhgsuke~jebn yj{jgs yju sknu|

yuhtk|khggnb| -ng uh~fn+

9

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399

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:599

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@ng|~jbk|jskhg Sknu| yuhtk|khggnb|

\h~uln 1 Ujyyhusn~u'

kk' bn| djlsn~u| bk| bj lhgahgls~un lhgh`kz~n 1 bjtjgln`ngsc~g jg cn bj ej|n ck`yh|kskhg ngsujgn nddnlsktn`ngs ~g fjkg cnsu|hunukn yh~u bsjs |k bj gh~tnbbn ej|n g/: n|s yb~| k`yhusjgsnz~n bj ej|n g c~ djks cn bj luhk||jgln cn| untng~|' Sh~sndhk|" bn

ujbngsk||n`ngs cn bj luhk||jgln he|nut ln| cnugkun| jggn|" ns|kgf~bkun`ngs bk`yjls cn bj luk|n lhgh`kz~n |~utng~n ng599=" lhgc~k|ngs klk j~||k g~jglnu cn| lhglb~|khg| dhu`~bn|cjg| bn| jggn| :;;9' Ng yukhcn cn uln||khg" bjtjgln`ngsc~g jg cn bj ej|n ck`yh|kskhg yh~uujks j~ lhgsujkun ngsujgnu~gnynusn cn su|hunukn yh~u bsjs'

Yh~u ln| ujk|hg|" bk`yjls cn su|hunukn z~ngsujgnujks bjchyskhgcn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ `uksn csun un}j`kgcjg| bn lhgsn}sn jls~nb'




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Ng sh~s sjs cn lj~|n" bj lhg|z~ngln e~cfsjkun cn bj tjukjskhg cnsu|hunukn lj~|n yju bn}sng|khg cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln -fjkg e~cfsjkuncjg| bn lj| c~g fjkg cn su|hunukn" ynusn cjg| bn lj| lhgsujkun+ cyngc cnbj yukhcn yuk|n ng lh`ysn" y~k|z~nbbn u|~bsn cn bj lh`yjujk|hg ngsun bjsu|hunukn z~n lhbbnlsn bNsjs jtnl bn |{|s`n jls~nb c~gn yjus" ns bjsu|hunukn z~kb lhbbnlsnujks |k bk`ys sjks yubnt bj |h~uln |~u bj ``nyukhcn cj~sun yjus" yh~u ~gn yukhcn chggn' Bngan~ n|s sh~sndhk|lhglngsu j~sh~u cn bjggn cn sujg|kskhg" lnusjkg| yulcngs| ujyyhus|j{jgs jtjgl bkcn z~n bn fjkg cn su|hunukn jyyhus yju bn lmjgfn`ngs cn|{|s`n ynu`nssujks cn lh~tuku bn| lhs| cn ln lmjgfn`ngs'

E Bj |k`~bjskhg c~ ljbngcuknu cn| ngljk||n`ngs| jtnl~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln lhgdku`n z~n" |~u ln yhkgs"

bn fjkg cn su|hunukn |nujks bk`ks

Jdkg cn tjbkcnu bkgs~kskhg |nbhg bjz~nbbn ~gn unsng~n bj |h~ulngjyyhusnujks yj| bsjs ~gn ungsun ck`ys |kfgkdkljsktn`ngs yb~|uf~bkun ng lh~u| cjggn z~n bn |{|s`n jls~nb" kb j s yuhlc bj|k`~bjskhg |~ktjgsn 1 yh~u lmjl~gn cn| z~jsun cnugkun| jggn| cn unlnssn|dk|ljbn| lhgg~n| -k`ys lhbbnls ng 5996" 599=" 599; ns 59:9 j~ sksun cn|untng~| cn| jggn| 5994" 5996" 599= ns 599;+" bn yuhdkb cngljk||n`ngs

nddnlsktn`ngs lhg|sjs jtnl bk`ys jls~nb j s lh`yju jtnl bn u{sm`ncngljk||n`ngs z~k j~ujks s hesng~ cjg| bn ljcun c~gn unsng~n bj|h~uln" |nbhg cn~} tjukjgsn| 1

|lgjukh : 1 ~gn unsng~n bj |h~uln k`yjudjksn 1 bnyubtn`ngs n|s nddnls~ ng jyybkz~jgs lmjz~n `hk| j~} untng~|bn cnugknu sj~} ck`yh|kskhg lhgg~ c~ lhgsuke~jebn -sj~} cnbjggn g5 a~|z~j~


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Ngljcu g 3 1 Bk`ksn| `smhchbhfkz~n| kgmungsn| j~ |lgjukh 5=4

Cjg| bj `n|~un h bn sj~} `h{ng nddnlskd lhg|sjs cn bjggn g n|s jyybkz~j~ untng~ cn udungln cn bjggn g ns z~n bk`ys nddnlsktn`ngs c n|syubnt cn `jgkun |{glmuhgk|n jtnl bj ynulnyskhg cn| untng~|" lnssn|k`~bjskhg n|s gln||jkun`ngs |k`ybkdkljsukln yh~u cn~} ujk|hg| 1 c~gn yjus" nbbn yjus c~ yukglkyn z~n bj ynulnyskhg cn| untng~| n|s

~gkdhu`n j~ lh~u| cn bjggn' Ng nddns" bn ljbl~b cn| `ng|~jbks||nddnls~n ng cktk|jgs bn untng~ dk|ljb cn udungln fbhejb yju ch~qn nsng b~k jyybkz~jgs bn sj~} `h{ng nddnlskd lhg|sjs j~ sksun cn bjggn g'Bj |k`ybkdkljskhg u|~bsn bj dhk| c~ ljujlsun `ng|~nb cn bj

ynulnyskhg cn| untng~|" lnusjkg| untng~| sjgs tnu|| |~u ~gn ej|nsuk`n|suknbbn" |n`n|suknbbn h~ jgg~nbbn" ns j~ ljujlsun ~gkdhu`n j~lh~u| cn bjggn cn| untng~| -je|ngln cn yuk|n ng lh`ysn cn| yuk`n|cn dkg cjggn yju n}n`ybn+ ?

cj~sun yjus" cjg| bj `n|~un h bn sj~} `h{ng ck`yh|kskhg nddnlskdn|s lhgg~ c| bn ce~s cn bjggn" nbbn |~yyh|n ~gn lhggjk||jgln n}jgsn cn bng|nèbn cn| untng~| cn bjggn tngku ns cn bng|nèbn cn|unèh~u|n`ngs| ns cfutn`ngs|' Lnssn m{yhsm|n n|s |k`ybkdkljsukln"`jk| ynu`ns cn |n ujyyuhlmnu c~g |lgjukh cn unsng~n bj |h~uln cjg|bnz~nb bn lhgsuke~jebn j~ujks bj yh||kekbks cn ykbhsnu |hg sj~} `h{ng j~yb~| yu| cn bthb~skhg cn |n| untng~| ns cn| jtjgsjfn| dk|lj~} chgs kbck|yh|n'

Jtnl bn yun`knu |lgjukh -unsng~n bj |h~uln k`yjudjksn +" bnljbngcuknu cngljk||n`ngs yb~| uf~bknu cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln gn yuhdksn bj su|hunukn cn bsjs z~ng yukhcn cn luhk||jgln lhgh`kz~n -5996 nsyb~| `jufkgjbn`ngs 599=+ lju bj shsjbks cn| lhgsuke~jebn| |hgs yubnt|c| bn yun`knu `hk| ns kb g{ j yj| cn uf~bjuk|jskhg k`yhusjgsn j~ `hk|cjhs' Ng untjglmn" yjusku cn 599;" bn ljbngcuknu cngljk||n`ngs cn|unsng~n| `ng|~nbbn| djks ynucun cn bj su|hunukn bsjs 1 bn uja~|sn`ngsc~ sj~} c| bn `hk| cjhs yh~u sngku lh`ysn cn bj ejk||n c~ untng~|~utng~n bjggn yulcngsn ngsujgn ~g cluhlmjfn cjg| bngljk||n`ngscn| unlnssn| dk|ljbn| yju ujyyhus j~ |{|s`n jls~nb" h bja~|sn`ngs |n djksyb~| sjuc cjg| bjggn'

=4 N}sujks c~ ujyyhus yjuskl~bknu |~u bn| yubtn`ngs| dk|lj~} yhsngsknbbn`ngslhglnug| yju ~gn n}sng|khg cn bj unsng~n bj |h~uln'




73/208


Fujymkz~n g := 1 Yuhdkb cn| ngljk||n`ngs| lh`yju ngsun bj unsng~n bj|h~uln -ng ebn~+ ns bn |{|s`n jls~nb -ng uh~fn+ jtnl ~gn unsng~n bj

|h~uln k`yjudjksn yh~u bk`ys lhbbnls ng 5996 j~ sksun cn| untng~|5994 -ng `kbbkjuc| cn~uh|+

9

:9

59

9

49

1 Bj `n|~un c~ fjkg h~ cn bj ynusn cn su|hunuknyh~u bsjs=6

Bn fjkg h~ bj ynusn cn su|hunukn yh~u bsjs |hgs `n|~u| yju bjkun jbfeukz~nngsun bj lh~uen unyu|ngsjgs bn `hgsjgs l~`~b cn| unlh~tun`ngs| dklskd| ns lnbbnunyu|ngsjgs bn `hgsjgs l~`~b cn| unlh~tun`ngs| nddnlskd|'Cjg| bj `n|~un h bj |ks~jskhg cn udungln lhglnugjgs bn| unlh~tun`ngs|nddnlskd| cn bk`ys |~u bn untng~ n|s chggn yju bn| |ks~jskhg| mnech`jcjkun| cnbj lh`ysjekbks cn bsjs" lnssn jkun n|s `n|~un ng n~uh||n`jkgn -: @c|n`jkgn0 :;"5 @jg+' ^g fjkg cn su|hunukn cn } n~uh||n`jkgn -h~ { n~uh|jg+unyu|ngsn bn djks z~n bsjs yh~uujks ybjlnu |~u ~g lh`ysn u`~gu bz~ktjbngs

cn } n~uh| |~yyb`ngsjkun| yngcjgs ~gn |n`jkgn -h~ { n~uh| |~yyb`ngsjkun|yngcjgs ~g jg+ ns egdklknu cn bj u`~gujskhg lhuun|yhgcjgsn'Bn fjkg h~ bj ynusn cn su|hunukn yh~u bsjs yn~tngs ng|~ksn sun tjbhuk|| j~ sj~}ckgsus c~ `julm kgsnuejgljkun -NHGKJ+" z~k lhg|sks~n bn| yukglkyj~}ybjln`ngs| ujbk|| |~u bn lh~us snu`n yju bjfngln Dujgln Su|hu yh~u bnlh`ysn cn bsjs' Jtnl ~gn m{yhsm|n cn sj~} 9"= . -`h{nggn ej||n cnbNHGKJ |~u bn| lkgz cnugkun| jggn|+" :;"5 @" ybjl| yngcjgs ~g jg ujyyhusngsngtkuhg :>6 999 ' Bm{yhsm|n mj~sn cn bNHGKJ n|s ~g sj~} cn 5 .'

Sjebnj~ g 6 1 tjb~jskhg c~ fjkg cn su|hunukn yh~u bsjs jtnl ~gnunsng~n bj |h~uln k`yjudjksn -|lgjukh :+

JggnFjkg(ynusn cn

su|hunuknng @c|n`jkgn

Fjkg(ynusn cnsu|hunuknng @jg

Tjbhuk|jskhg cn|

fjkg| cnsu|hunukn 9"= .-ng @+

Tjbhuk|jskhg cn|fjkg| cn su|hunukn

5 . -ng @+

5996 33"== =4:"4< 4"9< :6"5> >:"63 34"44 36"3:"63 34"44 36"3< >:"45

Ckddungln -@c| + / :"5: "9= / 9"6= / 3":;Ng . 5"

Prélèvement à la source & Impôt sur le revenu

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