Power Transmission and Distribution Black-out dans les ... · Power Transmission and Distribution...
Transcript of Power Transmission and Distribution Black-out dans les ... · Power Transmission and Distribution...
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Power Transmission and Distribution
Black-out dans les réseaux de transport
Theodor Connor, Siemens AG
PTD SE PT1-ue/Co 08/05 2Black-out
Petite historique de l'alimentation électrique
1891 Oskar von MillerLauffen – Frankfurt
3 Phase alternating current
15 kV 40 Hz 175 km
1885 Markgrafendamm
Werner von Siemens
Emil Rathenau
Éclairage par courant continu
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La portée significative de l'électricité
LightLight
PowerPower
HeatingHeating
TelephoneTelephone
RefrigeratorRefrigeratorRadioRadio
IndustryIndustry
MedicalMedical
TelevisionTelevision
ComputerComputer
Air conditionAir condition
RailwayRailway
Washing machineWashing machine
TelegraphTelegraph
HooverHoover
IroningIroning
Environment
Culture
Society
PoliticsEconomy
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Des réseaux isolés aux réseaux interconnectés
Generation Load
Location of resources Increase of load density
Electricity supply is characterised by the fact that generation and consumption takes place in the same moment
=> Interconnection
=> Meshes
=> Transmission
Losses
Outages
Back up
=> Higher voltage level
Load balancing
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La croissance des réseaux de transport
UCTE(Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity)
European interconnectionEuropean interconnection
Urban utilityUrban utility
Regional utilityRegional utility
IndustryIndustry
Country wideCountry wide
National National
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Blackout aux USA – Situation de départ
14. August 200331C°
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Blackout aux USA – Les premiers événements
14. August 200331C°12:05 – 13:311500 MW generation lost
14:02SCADA outageLine trip due to bush fire
15:05 – 15:41Line trip not reportedLine trip due to tree contact after overload
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Blackout aux USA – Particularités des charges
Reactive power
Torque for U=100%
Torque for U=60%
Load
Normaloperation
Operation for U=60%
speed
torque
Reason for unexpected Sammis-Star line trip
Reason for increase of reactive power demand
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Blackout aux USA – Cascade des événements
15:45 – 16:08Line trip Sammis Star
16:08 – 16:10Line tripGeneration lost Point of no return
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Blackout aux USA – La grande ceinture
16:10:00 – 16:10:38Major line trips3.5 GW generation lost Big loop
16:10:40 – 16:10:44Further line tripsSegregation
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Blackout aux USA – Rien ne va plus!
16:10:42 – 16:10:45Further line tripsNortheast blocked
16:10:46 – 16:10:55Further line tripsNew York islanded
16:10:50 – 16:10:57Further line tripsFinal islanding
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Blackout à Londres – Le réseau
400 kV
275 kV
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Blackout à Londres – L'exploitation usuelle
WimbledonWimbledon New CrossNew Cross Hurst Hurst LittlebrookLittlebrook
486 MW
478 MW 359 MW 199 MW 84 MW
72 MW
Shut down for maintenance
WimbledonWimbledon New CrossNew Cross Hurst Hurst LittlebrookLittlebrook
486 MW
478 MW 359 MW 199 MW 84 MW
72 MW
Buchholz gas alarm
Hurst Hurst
X
X
X X
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Blackout à Londres – Conséquences imprévues
WimbledonWimbledon New CrossNew Cross Hurst Hurst LittlebrookLittlebrook
478 MW 359 MW 199 MW 84 MW
558 MW
Protection trip
WimbledonWimbledon New CrossNew Cross Hurst Hurst LittlebrookLittlebrook
730 MW730 MW 84 MW
480 000 customers6 main transportation substations
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Blackout en Suède et Danemark
Oskarshamm
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2
3
12.30 Outage of nuclear power station 1250 MW12.35 Short circuit between two busbars
Outage of power station 1750 MW
380 kV
HVDC
maintenance
1
2
3
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Blackout en Suède et Danemark - un court-circuit…
overheated
R S TR S T
R
R
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Blackout en Italie – Situation de départ
20 min. after the 1st line trip: Loss of a 2nd Line … and then a very fast cascading sequence
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Blackout en Italie – La course contre la montre
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Blackout – Mesures palliatives
LondresUSA
Suède Italie
CommunicationCommunication
Support de tensionSupport de tension
ProtectionProtection
Analyse temps rAnalyse temps rééelel
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Communication
Station bus
Process bus
Telecommunication
Protection Bay Control
Station Control
Process control
Control Centre CC
Process
Switchbay
~
G6EI5D
I4E
I3E
F1Z
G1D
I1E
F2Z
F3Z
F4D
G5D
G4EI2D
G2DG3D
~
HöS-Netz
~
HöS-Netz
KW 3
KW 2 KW 1
HöS-Netz
Station
Grid
• Independent and securecommunicationchannels
• IEC protocols -security and consistency servicesIEC 60870-5-101/103/104 IEC 61850 (models withenhanced security !)
• Redundancy of Alarms (Tripping and starting !)
• Global time sync. Interface (e.g. forGPS)
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Mesures contre l'effondrement de la tension
1. Load shedding based on undervoltage
2. Fast reactive power injection by SVC
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0
M
UL
Z
Q
V<
L1
M
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The Transmission System:
Utilités d'une installation SVC (Static VAr Compensator)
Increase of Transmission Capacity
Prevention of Outages
Benefits
Results of Dynamic System Tests:
a) No SVC Connected
b) Both SVC in
Voltage Control Mode
c) Both SVC in Power
Oscillation Damping
Mode
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Fonctions modernes de protection
Line Trip Messages
U< measurement
Continuous function chart
1. The Voltage relay function is available for activation
2. CFC based functionality avoids overfunction
Undervoltageload
sheddingsignal
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Calcul de la sécurité dynamique du réseau
Topology &
Measurements
Sinaut Spectrum
SIEMENS AG, EV NP
Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AG
SVC_DEMO_K PAGE :SVC ON NODE AE WITH RANGE +/- 400.000 FREQUENCY CONTROLLED3PHASE SC AT F-L7 CLEARED BY OPENING SL7-1 AND SL7-2 AFTER 0.256SEC.LOAD FLOW CONTROLLER (LFC)
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VOLTAGE ANDACTIVE POWERNODE AE
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 SEC
-1.5
0.0
1.5
VOLTAGENODE AEIN P.U.
-1000
0
1000ACTIVE POWERAT AE IN MW
SIEMENS AG, EV NP
Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AGSVC_DEMO .
PAGESVC ON NODE AE WITH RANGE +/- 400.000, FREQUENCY CONTROOLEDLOAD FLOW CONTROLLER (LFC)
15.9.1999 21:08
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VOLTAGE ANDACTIVE POR
0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 SEC
0.0
1.5LE-Volt [ pu]AE
-1000
0
1000P [ MW]SL5-2
SIEMENS AG, EV NP
Produced with NETOMAC (R) NETOMAC is a registered trade-mark of Siemens AG
DOKUNEU SIEMENS AG EV_NP2-dn0040/RuErstellt mit NETOMAC für WindowsÜbergang Momentanwertteil - StabilitätsteilTESTRECHNUNG (DOKU)
15.9.1999 21:01
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GeneratorgrößenBild 1 von 1
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 SEC
-1
0
1DIF-Volt[ pu]110KVT2. RBETR.SIE R
-75
0
75THETA [ Deg]GT5MVA
-1
0
1P [ pu]GT5MVA
-1
0
1MMECH [ pu]GT5MVA
-1
0
1LE-Volt [ pu]BETR.SIE R
-5
0
5IA_HV [ pu]GT5MVA
-1
0
1Q [ pu]GT5MVA
-1
0
1+ 0.7 pu
-75
0
75
THETA [ Deg]DT2.5MVA
-1
0
1
MEL [ pu]GT5MVA
-1
0
1
- 0.7 pu
NETOMAC
Knowledge data base
Stability reserve
Alarms
Recommended actions
Grid
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Cheminement flexible des flux de transport
Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 – “Preview”
Benefits from FACTS applications:• Increase of transmission capacity
• Relief of highly loaded lines
• Improvement of voltages and dynamic stability
UU11 UU22
XXsin (sin (δ 1 - δ 2)PP ==
UU11UU22
XX
δ 1δ 2
PP
Load flowcontrol
Parallelcompensation
Seriescompensation
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Blackout – Conclusion
•• MaintenaceMaintenace and and systemsystem developmentdevelopment
•• SecureSecure communicationcommunication of of eventevent informationinformation
•• PreventionPrevention of of VoltageVoltage CollapseCollapse
•• ImprovedImproved selectivityselectivity throughthrough digital digital protectionprotection
•• RealReal--timetime stabilitystability monitoringmonitoring
•• Flexible Flexible adaptationadaptation of Transmission of Transmission CapacityCapacity