Peter Higgs

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Propiedad de los cuerpos físicos que determina la resistencia del cuerpo a ser acelerado por una fuerza. Masa: La fuerza de su atracción gravitacional mutua con otros cuerpos. 6.67×10 −11 N kg −2 m 2

description

La masa describe la cantidad de materia en un objeto.Peter HiggsFISICAPARTICULASMASA

Transcript of Peter Higgs

  • Propiedad de los cuerpos fsicos que determina la resistencia del cuerpo a ser acelerado por una fuerza.

    Masa:

    La fuerza de su atraccin gravitacional mutua con otros cuerpos.

    6.671011 N kg2m2

  • Masa: La masa describe la cantidad de materia en un objeto.

    A velocidaded muy grandes (o para particulas sub-atmicas) la energa es una fuente adicional de masa.

    6.02 x 1023 tomos/mole

  • Peter Higgs

  • Abdus Salam Steven WeinbergSheldon Glashow

    Modelo Standard

  • Murray Gell-Mann

  • Protn

  • Protn

  • Neutrn

  • Neutrn

  • 1900

  • Principios del Siglo XX

    J. J. Thomson Premio Nobel en Fsica (1906)

    por el descubrimiento del electrn.

    Desarroll el modelo del Pudn de Ciruela del tomo

  • Principios del Siglo XX

    Ernest Rutherford Premio Nobel en Qumica (1908)

    por sus investigaciones en la desintegracin de los elementos y la qumica de las substancias radioactivas.

    Experimentos con Uranio

    Radiacin a, b, g

  • Partculas Alfa

    Ncleo de He

  • Partculas Beta

  • Partculas Beta

  • b- decay

    b+ decay

  • Principios del Siglo XX

    Ernest Rutherford. Premio Nobel en Qumica (1908) por sus investigaciones en la desintegracin de los elementos y la qumica de las substancias radioactivas.

    Experimentos con Uranio

    Radiacin a, b, g. Radn Prueba del modelo de Thomson

  • Radio de ncleo/Radio de tomo = 1/10,000

  • Modelo Nuclear de Rutherford

  • La reaccin sobre el modelo de Rutherford fu negativa

    Colapso de electrones hacia el ncleo? Dficit energtico: que le proporciona

    energa al electron?

  • 1912Niels Bohr. Doctorado en Fsica,

    Universidad de Copenhagen (1910)

  • 1912

    Niels Bohr.

    Doctorado en Fsica, Universidad de Copenhagen (1910)

    Beca de Carlsberg para hacer post-doctorado en Inglaterra. 6 meses con J. J. Thomson y 3 meses con Ernest Rutherford.

  • instability of the system of electrons: difficulties purposely avoided in atom-models previously considered, for instance, in the one proposed by Sir J. J. Thomson.* According to the theory of the latter the atom consists of a sphere of uniform positive electrification, inside which the electrons move in circular orbits.

    The principal difference between the atom-models proposed by Thomson and Rutherford consists in the circumstance the forces acting on the electrons in the atom-model of Thomson allow of certain configurations and motions of the electrons for which the system is in a stable equilibrium; such configurations, however, apparently do not exist for the second atom-model. The nature of the difference in question will perhaps be most clearly seen by noticing that among the quantities characterizing the first atom a quantity appears -- the radius of the positive sphere -- of dimensions of a length and of the same order of magnitude as the linear extension of the atom, while such a length does not appear among the quantities characterizing the second atom, viz. the charges and masses of the electrons and the positive nucleus; nor can it be determined solely by help of the latter quantities.

    * J. J. Thomson, Phil. Mag. vii. p. 237 (1904)

  • The way of considering a problem of this kind has, however, undergone essential alterations in recent years owing to the development of the theory of the energy radiation, and the direct affirmation of the new assumptions introduced in this theory, found by experiments on very different phenomena such as specific heats, photoelectric effect, Rntgen &c. The result of the discussion of these questions seems to be a general acknowledgment of the inadequacy of the classical electrodynamics in describing the behavior of systems of atomic size.** Whatever the alteration in the laws of motion of the electrons may be, it seems necessary to introduce in the laws in question a quantity foreign to the classical electrodynamics, i. e. Planck's constant, or as it often is called the elementary quantum of action. By the introduction of this quantity the question of the stable configuration of the electrons in the atoms is essentially changed as this constant is of such dimensions and magnitude that it, together with the mass and charge of the particles, can determine a length of the order of magnitude required.

    This paper is an attempt to show that the application of the above ideas to Rutherford's atom-model affords a basis.

    * J. J. Thomson, Phil. Mag. vii. p. 237 (1904).** See f. inst., ' Thorie du ravonnement et les quanta.' Rapports de la runion Bruxelles, Nov. 1911. Paris, 1912.

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    for a theory of the constitution of atoms. It will further be shown that from this theory we are led to a theory of the constitution of molecules.