Nouveaux concepts pour l’int egration 3D et le ... · M. Henri SCHNEIDER Maître de conférences,...

Nouveaux concepts pour l’integration 3D et le

refroidissement des semi-conducteurs de puissance a

structure verticale

Kremena Vladimirova

To cite this version:

Kremena Vladimirova. Nouveaux concepts pour l’integration 3D et le refroidissement dessemi-conducteurs de puissance a structure verticale. Autre. Universite Grenoble Alpes, 2012.Francais. <NNT : 2012GRENT049>. <tel-00738000v2>

HAL Id: tel-00738000

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738000v2

Submitted on 17 Jul 2013

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https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738000v2

THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de

DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE GRENOBLE Spécialité : Génie électrique Arrêté ministériel : 7 août 2006 Présentée par

Kremena VLADIMIROVA Thèse dirigée par Christian SCHAEFFER et codirigée par Jean-Christophe CREBIER et Yvan AVENAS préparée au sein du Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble (G2Elab) dans l'École Doctorale « Electrotechnique Electronique Automatique et Traitement du Signal » Nouveaux concepts pour l’intégration 3D et le refroidissement des semi-conducteurs de puissance à structure verticale Thèse soutenue publiquement le 11 mai 2012, devant le jury composé de :

M. Thierry LEBEY Directeur de recherche, CNRS Toulouse, Président M. Hervé MOREL Directeur de recherche, CNRS Lyon, Rapporteur M. Henri SCHNEIDER Maître de conférences, INP-Toulouse, Rapporteur M. Laurent DUPONT Chargé de recherche, IFFSTAR, Versailles Membre M. Olivier LESAINT Directeur de recherche, CNRS Grenoble, Membre M. Christian SCHAEFFER Professeur des universités, INP-Grenoble, Membre M. Yvan AVENAS Maître de conférences, INP-Grenoble, Membre M. Jean-Christophe CREBIER Chargé de recherche, CNRS Grenoble, Membre

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5FA:EA,A9CAECACACAADCEA>&A

)A A (FCEA A DA A E0A A EA DCA A CA CEA DAEAF(EAA(ACACAA(EEAEAAEAECAAEACAC(EAEFADCAACAEAAEAACAC&A"ECA(AACCA >&A A EA CA A CEA DEEA CA A A A ADEAF=AAEACDDAA(AAFAA(EAEEAADCAAEACAAEAEAAEAACEA

.(AADAEEFAADCAADCEAEACADEDEFA>&+ADCCA(EAA A (EA EEA A DCA A A DDA /A EA E+AD+A DEA+A*,AAAAAEAEAAA"CA%EFAT%86HGUAAEAT%86AHU+AACAEAADEAEAADAAEA*ACACAAACAEACAAEACAEACDDEAAEADCAADCEAAFEAE(AAEEDAECADEDEFA>&ADCAAADA EAEEAA AA(EAEEA"A ;A LA A DEA A DCEA A EA A (A A EACAADAAEA"EADCDEAADEAADCEADCACAECCCA A DA A (ECAEA A (A ECCA A (EADECA CAA DECA EEDA ECA A DEA (A LECCA !C(+A EAEEAECCAADADEAEAECAA+AEAAEAWAACAEACAEA E+A EA EEA A (EA EEA A EA DCA A CA A EDA FCACDDEA E(A A EA CA EA ECA ECA 3)A 2CDA %EE4ADEA EA EA ECA 8A A CA A A EA DA A DEA +A EAEEA A DCA A #A A DCA (A DECA DCA FEEA CA CDA ACEAE(AAADEAEAEACACACEAAEAC(EACADEAADCEA"AEA A A DECA A FEA DA DCA XEXA EA CFA A C(EA ACCA CA 8(+A A CA CA ECA EECA EECA AECCCA A EA A (EA A EEFA >&A A DEA DA EA FAEE+A DDA ECA EEA ".<".*8+A A 5E+A DEA A (EA A DA ALALCADEAADCEAF=AAEADAAEDECAACACAACEAACAEADCAT").HGUA

.+ACADEACDACADEAADCEAAAADEDEFAAEAE(AACADCAFEAE(EEA*EAAAAEAECAAFAA(EAEEAADCACADCA#ADCACAADA<CACAAEDAEA(FCA:IAACADAAEAFACA:72!A:(AA(AB:7*ACA!JH6C*AJHH9AQAIHA.AT:65H>UAAAAYAA+ACAEACAEEFA>&ACEAAEECAAAA8A9EFAT9.7AHUA


CJA

<ACA

*EAAFA

2CAEADEADCAECAEACAA

A

'FFAAA

'

A

5FA:IA,A9CAACAACAACDACA:72!A:(AB:7*ACA!JH6C*AJHH9QAIH.AT:65H>UA

&EAAD+AEA(EAEEA3CAAC4AADAAGADAAEACAACADAAEAAFA"EACAAEADDACADEAAEAADAAEAAA(ADEAEDDAECAEEA*ACCE+A(EEAECADEAA (A LECC+A A A DCA EEDA A A LCA ECA EA CA ((EA CA C(EALEFADEA.+AEAAAFCAAADAADEAEACADA>&AA DA A DCCA A T9.7AHUA :A A EA CCA DEA A EA FA3EEA CA CA DA CA A DA CA EA A FA A CA A EADC4A A EA DCA D(A EA DA A EA A (EA EEA "A (A A EA CAC+A A DD+A A EA A +A DEA DCA ECA EA CA AACADE+AA(EAADCAAA>&A"AEAAEAAEA A DA DEEA ,A EEDA A EA CA DEA 0A FA CA EA (EA EEA EA E;AEFEA DCA CA FEA >&A A ,CCA A DCEA 8A ((+A EACA A CD+A CA DEA A EA DEE+A A A DEA #A DCADEA EA DA A CCA A DA A ,A .A EA A EA A EEFA AA>&AEAACCAE(+AE(AAADEAFEAEACAAACA,CC+A EA EA A A CCA A EA ;A DDCA A EA DCA A #AECA&ACAAADECAADDADEAAFAAEACAACACACDDEAAEADCAA ACEACDCAAACAADAAEADEAEEADADEADATV-ZHIUACAA A CA A EEA 3A FEA A ECC4A A DCA EA AEEAACADA6CADCAAAAAFAABCDBBDEBAT*.!HIUAEACAEAECAADECAACAAEADCAAACE+AFABCDBBDEBT%8HJUEACAEAECAAAACAAEADCAAACEA3(FCA:J4+ACFABCDBBDEBAT:6@KUACADACAAAAAECAAEADCAAACEA&ECAEECAEECAAECCCAAEAACAEEDAEAEEAA(EAEEAADEAADCEAE(AA(EAEADAAEA>&A*ADEADAEAFAADECAACA3(FCA:K4ADDAA5EAECAEEA.%<88ADE+AAACD+AACAAEACAE(AADACAEEFADCAEA T%86HGUA*A CAA((ADDEADEAADDALEDAXDEDEFFXAALACA0E(AADEAEAAADEAADA(AD(CAAEEDA


CKA

D

ADACA

5FA:JA,A9CAECAAEAFAA>&AFABCDBBDEBA

T%8HJUA

A

5FA:KA,A9CAECAAEAFAA>&AEACAAEDCDECT%86HGUA

)AECADADCACADAEADAAEAEAAC(EAADEA,CCAEACAEAE((ACACAAAAEAADCA

AEAEA(EAAEEDEAAEA(EAEEAAEADCAADE[EAAEADEEADEAAEADCAEDDDAECAA>&A*ADAEADA

DCAAEAAEDA

• "ACA<0A*D,,*DA3<**4A

*A CA EA A +A CEA A EA A A EA EADAAEAEEAACAADCEADACA(ACA(EAADEA A DCEA EA ((A ECA CA FEA DEA A A A DAEFCA F=A ECA DEA A (A A FA A (EA EEA DEA AA>&A!C(+AAEAAAT9.7AHUACAAAADEAA(AAFACA A DEA A EA DCA FEA ECA A CEA DEEA A EA EA ACEA EA A A A A EA A CA EA "A EEA 7C8EA CADCA CCA EA A ((A A A A FCA DCA D(EA A DEA ,CCAADCEAADDEAADFAFEACAACACAAA EA FA A A ,,ECA 38!%4A &EA A E+A A DA<0A*D,,*DA3<**4AEAADDAAEACEAAEECAAAA8A9EFAT9.7AHUA*ADAEAAEAEEACACAADCEADEAEACAEAAAACADCADEAADCAADCEAACACAAECA"DA A A A A DCAA A CA EEFA DCA #A A ECA DCA DAAEAACAEA3(FCA:G4A:AACACAFEADEAAAADACAAEFCA!C(+AA(ACADAACACACACCA<**A DEA EDDA ECA CA >&A ECA A A "A (A CA (EAAAACACA(EACACADCAADALCACALECADCA(ACACAACEA EACADAACAEFCAADACA EA


CGA

(FCA:GA.+ACADAEACA(A+AECADCADAADEAADCE+A CEA CA EDDEA A FEA EA A DA EEFA DA ADCAADCEA"ACEAEADEACADAACA*8%AACAFEA*ADAEADADCAAEAAEDA

A

5FA:GA,A9CAECACADA<**A/ACACAACEAECADCADACACAEAT9.7AHUA

"EDDEACADA<0A*D,,*DADCAEAEEACACAACEAADACAEA(FCA:@A"EAFAAEEAAA

ADAAAAADCAAEAADAADAEADA,AEADAAEAACA(EACADEAA((CADEADAADECAEAAEAA

A

5FA:@A,A*CAACEACEAADA<**AT9.7AHUA

.(A A D(A EA A A FC+A CA A (A A EA A DA <**AAACAEA(AAEFAEADCAEAEEAAEEFA*D,,*DADEAEDDAACAA<,<EDAECA:AEAAACEAAEECAAAA8A9EFACADCACA(EA(AAEFA3AD64AAEAEAAAACEA)A ECA DA (A CA DA <**A A A FEA DE+A A A A DAEFC+A CA A ECEA DCA A CA EA EA A A A A DA AADAAEAECCA(EAAEEFA!C(+AACAEA+ACAEA EA A EA C(EA A EA DCA A A A #A DA E(A A A DEAE((A EA CA A A CA DEA 'A A CA EA A CECA (EA A EADECA A EEDEA A DCA A DCEA DCA ECCCA A CA A AFCAEAAEEFAFEAAEA

"A DEEFEDA CEA EA A A EA DA A EA CA CA CA EA C+AEEA DCA A CEA A EECA A A E(A A D(A EA A A FCA ADEAADCEAACCAEAEAADEDEFA>&A

A


C@A

, /E "CF AC 2 A "CE CFC 2ACC

6CAEACAEAADEEFEDADACAADEDEFA>&ADACAAACA A CA (EA CA DEA A DCEA A CA DA DA A DAEFCACACA&EAAE+AEADAAEACAACA(EACADEAA ((CA DEA A DECA XEFXA A EA !C(+A EA DCDEA A DEA DCACA ECCCA DA A EA A A DDCA A DADEEACAAADEAEEDAAAA A"EACAACD+ACADEA A EADEE+AAADEA#ADCADEA EADAACCAADAA,AE(AAADEADEAA(ACACADEA.+AEA ;A A EA A (EA EEA A#A FA A EA;ADDCA)AECAEAEA A DECA A A CA EDDA CDA A EA DA A A EAEEACADEAADCEAAAADEDEFAE(AADCADA A.+AALACEAAADEAADCEAACADECACA(EEA((A A CA EA A EA CA DA CA CA A DEA A DCE+A A AEAAAAAAFAADDAAAADEAADCEAACCAEAE(AAEADEAAEAEAEAACCACACAEA

, BA FAACAFAAC

&CAEADDEAEDDEEAAEADDAAAA,CCAA DCEA A A A DECA DECA E(A A FEEA EA CA A ADEAACCADCA T.6@C+A"85HEUA"EADAA AECA((AAAAECA (ECA EA A C(EA A ECA ECA A A A CDA CA DCA CA EACAAACAD(AAACAEDACAADEAF(EACAAACADEEAECEAADEAEA"EACAEAAEACCAACDA A EA A DEAA A CA DCA EMA A ECEFA DECA CADEADCACAADCA(EACAEAADEAAEAADEACEA&A CA CA FCA CA DA A NA A ECEFA A C(EAA T.6@C+A "85HE+A 2."HGUA 8A A CA EA CA A DDAA EA A EA;A A EFA DEA A DDA A EA A DEA A A E(A A CA ADACACADCAFEAC(EAACAAEAACAEAECACAEDACAAC(EAAEAACACACACAEAC(EAAADDAAEAA3FAACCAC&ACA>&4A"AFAACAAADDCADCA#AAACA FEA (EA /A A FA DEEA 3EECA A FE+A DEEA C+A ADE+AAAED+ACA8B)5+A4ACAAAAEAEAECAAAFACAAAAEAEAECA3EAAEC+AE+A4A

• BCAAAFA3ACEAAC"CA A

"LFA A FA A EA A A DDCA A DA DEEA EADAACAAOAA(EEAADEACAAD(EACAEEAAAAEDDEA((EAAEACAAADEAA

!CAACAFCADEE+AAEAAAAADCAEC+AAA A A EA T.6@C+A "85HE+A 2."HG+A "8!HHUA 6CA A (A A DEA CADA ECA A CA DDA 6CA EA CA DA A DDA AEECA A FEA DCCA A EA FA EA DCA DECA 8A CA EA A DA ADEEA EA EA CA A EA CA DEA EEDA A A DEDEFA CA CAEADDADEAEACAA


>HA

"EA CA A EECA A FEA CA EECA (EA A CA A DCA EATZ.'JKUA "A DDA A A CA A EA CA EA EEA CA CA DCCA EEC+AEA A #A DA CA EA ((CA EA A CA A %'BA CA :72!+A CEA EAADDEA"EA(FCA:AHADAEDDEAAEACAAEECAAFEADCACAA<:6AA

45

46

- -

7 CE &C

)CE-CAA"C

45

46

- -

'5

8(

5FA:AHA,A!EADEE,AEECAAFEAT"85HEUA

"CAEAADDEAADEAAAEA;AAEFADEA3\*84ACAA DDA ECA A A EA CCA A EEC+A (A D+A A CA EFA EACCAACDA*EAEAA((AACA AEDACAAC(EACADEA A CA DEA A A EA A RAASA EA A DEA DCA ECA ADEA EA A A "A A EECA A ECEA DCA FEA CA EA A AECEFAAA"AAEAAEAADDEAAADAEECADCAAA EECA A ECA A DEEA CA A #A FCA A E(A AFEEAAD(EAA

8(+A A CA CA A A CA (A CFAA CA EA CA A EADDCAACAA(ECACAAECCDAEAAAFCAADEAEAA CA A DCEA *A CA EA +A A EA DEEA A EEDA ECAA A DA 0A FA EA A A EFEA DCA EA EEA AA >&A &CA DEA EA DA CA CCA A DA A EA C(EA CADEA A DCEA CA A (A EA CA A CDA A E((A EACAAACADEA&ECADEACAACAAEAAAEAEAECAAADNACACAADEEAAC(EACADEAA DA CA EA (FCA :AAA *A CA CA EA CDECA EA CAD(A EA EEA A >&+A A CA EA A CA EA ADEEFEDACCAA


>AA

45

46

-

)CE -CAA"C

5FA:AAA,AAEAEAECADCACAA<:6AT"85HEUA

• BCAAAFA3ACEAAACACA A

"A EA A DA RAEASA CA ECA A CA A FCA EA A CACEA A ECCCA A DCA A D(A A A (A DCEA 3A AAAADDE4AT2."HG+A"8!HHUA)A#AEAADAAA DA A A FA A EA A A DCCA EA #A AEEDAECADEAFEAFEDAAECAACAT\$.AH+AV'"HJUAA

"A DDA A A CA 3(FCA :AC4A A A EA EEA CA CDAEDDDACA AACACEA,CCA"EAEEAAEAAECAA EACA A A ECA 3EEF+A CE+A 4A EA CA A EA EAA EA CA A DA A EFA CA EECA CA .CCC+A ADDA A DA FCA A FECA A A CA &:8A 3DCA &DAEA :A 8F4A DA EA FECA A (A EA FEA (ECA A (A A EADEAA EAEA:AAAECACADCA EAEEAAADAADDAAACAACAEAEAECACAAAAEAAEAD(A3DAAE4AT<.HC+A<.H>+A&.@@+AZ.%AH+A!$8H@UA"ADDA A CCA A #A /A CA EA DEA EFA CA EDA CA AC(EAE(AAD(AAEAAAECEFAAEAADEA)AEEEFAECAAEACA A EA A EA A CA EA EEA A A DA A EADDCA DA CA EA A CA (A CA DEA EDDA ECACA EA A A EECA A FEA /A CA CA A >H]A A EA C(EAEACACEAEAAAEAAEECAAT<.H>UADCACAEADEAEAAEAAKHH9AAEAACEAAE.A


>CA

45

46

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45

46

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8( 8(

5FA:ACA,A!EADCAAEAEAECA

)A EEEFA A A CA A EA A CA A DA CA EFA ^AEDDDAADDACADEA 3(FCA:AC4A&((AEFA/AD(+AFE(+ACAEC+A+AECADEAAEEEFA,,AAEDDEA(E+ADCA#AEAA DDA A D(A "A EA DCA A A CA A A CEA A((A EFA A A EA T2."HG+A "85HE+A "8!HHUA A CA EA CA CAA A EFA A CDA D(A DCCA EA #A A DCA EDDDA DCA AEDDEA

"EFA A A RAD(ASA CA EA A CA DEA CA A EA FA <A A EAFA 6A A DA CA EA (FCA :ACA )A A EFA A A (EEA DCA EA CA AACAD(AEAADAACA(AAEDACAAC(EADEAEDDAECAEDACAACA"EAEADCAEAACADCAEACAAEFADAAFEAADEAAECAAEAA<6+ACAAEACAAEAACADEAADD+AEA;AAEFADEAEFAAAACADEAACADEA A D(A A EA CA A A DEA DCA ECA A DEA EA AA &EA A E+A EA CA CA EDA CA A C(EA 3 surfEmax_ 4A DEA

EDDA ECA EDA CA A CA 3 volEmax_ 4A DCA #A A CEA EA EA

CE?A

+=

)cos(1)sin(.max_max_θ

θvolEsurfE AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA:AA

&EDAEAEA3:A4ADCAEFAA(E+ADCAAEDACAAC(EAACA:AAAEACEFAT2."HGUACAEFAD(ADEAAEAEAFEAA>H_AAJH_A"AEFADCA(EAAADADCCAACADAFEAEACACAA

6E+ACAAACCADEEAADEACAAADAAEAAEADAD(AAFAADEAAEACADCADCA A ECEFA DECA A C(EA .+A CA EA DECA A DA CA AEAADE+AEAEEACADEEAECEAAAACAEECACAE(AADAA(AEACADEAAFEEEAEACAAA"EADEEAAEAAAEAEAECAAADADAEAEACAADACA(ACAACAAFAAEADEABAEAECA


>>A

CAEFAFEAAEECACADCA#ACAEAAEA,A+AACA<B7A3DCA <DEA 7E4A &A EECA EECA A ECA EEA "..BA A 5EAT!$8H@UAACAECAEECADEAAADDAAADA2;*2CA 32*24A DCA #A CA DCA EA DA CA A EAD(AADEAECAAA

,1 FACAAA"CEA

"EA A A D(A A EA CA A EA DDCA A A EA EAECADCAD(AAEAAAFCAADEDEFA>&A.AEAAEDDAADACDADC,DEDEF+ACAEAADADEAACAE(A`EEDaAA DEA DCA CA A A FCA FEA A D(EA "EA CA CA CADDAAAADEAAAA EAA AEAEA EAEAAEA D(AA DDA CADEA)A A (FCEA DEA EA DAAE0ACADEAACADECAECA/AAEAAEACADEDEFA<**ACA CA EA DA EA A DEEFEDA CCA "EA (FCA :A>A DA EDDEA CADAAEAEAADEAADACAA<:6A

45

4 6

)CE

-

BCAA "CEA A

5FA:A>A,A!CAAEAAAEADCACAAADCEAACCAEAA

"EA CA A EEA A EA EA A A CA EDA A FECA CAEA D(A 3&:84+A CCLA A A EA D(CA A A EFA +ADADEACAEDAADEEAAEAACADEACA#A&EACAA D+A EA (A A C(EA A EA DC+A A DCA DECA EA EEA A AEECAAFEA#AEEDAA

,, BCAAECC"AACAA"CEAA9",!

.(AAA#AAEACAAEAEADCACAAAFCA>&+A CA EA A CA CA EA CA A CEA CCA EA A FA BEA"(AEAECAA((AADAAEA;AACAAAAACCAE(A"ACEACAAEACACACADDAAAADEAAADEAEAEACADEEAEADCADEC+AAAEECAAFEA3(FCA:AE4AA


>EA

45

4 6

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-

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BCAA "CEA&C$ FCF A

5FA:AEA,A%AAFCA>&ACAA<:6AEAEAAAEAAEAEECAAFEA

&EA A DA E+A EA CCA CA DA A CA A A DCEA A CCAEADEAAAEACAAAECEFAAKHH9ACADACADDAA A A DA EECA A FEA A CA DECA EFA A EA A DA A EA A (EAEEA "EA EA A EA C(EA A EA DCAA EADEA (CA CA CCA A EE+AFAADEACADECALDECAEEA3(FCA:AI4A"AEECACACAEAACEA EA CA DA CA bc>A E(A A DA A EA CA EECA ADEEA CA DCA EA DCA EA DEEA A DDA (EC+A L,,A A FAA<CAAEACAADEEAACEAEACAAAECAAAAEAAEDA:::AA

/

&E

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FE

Si

Cu

Diélectrique

distance variable

N-N+

P+ P+P+P+ P+ P+N+

EC:;< EC:;<

CAA:;<

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= >= 1?=?= 1= += 1== 1>== >= 1?=?= 1= += 1== 1>=

>=

6>=

1=

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61=

6>=

6+=

6?=

6==

61=

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6>=

1=

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61=

6>=

6+=

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6==

61=

/

&E

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FE

Si

Cu

Diélectrique

distance variable

N-N+

P+ P+P+P+ P+ P+N+

EC:;< EC:;<

CAA:;<

CAA:;<

= >= 1?=?= 1= += 1== 1>== >= 1?=?= 1= += 1== 1>=

>=

6>=

1=

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61=

6>=

6+=

6?=

6==

61=

>=

6>=

1=

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61=

6>=

6+=

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6==

61=

A

5FA:AIA,ABCCACA,AA<:6AEAEECAAFEA

6CAEA(EAEA EAEAAEADECAEAADAAEAA EAC(EACADEA A AHHdA A IdA 6CA EA EA CA CA A CHd+A EA DA A EA


>IA

DECAAEAE((AEACAACDAAC(EAACACAECFEAEACAEDACAAC(E+AECEADCAEADCAEAEACA

<CACAAD+AEA(FCA:AJE4ADAACEACADCAEACACAEDACAAAFACDACAEADECAEAAEAADEAAAHdAAEAC(EACADEAA

EC:;<

CAA:;<

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=

=

6

6

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AAE4AA

CE :'@<

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= >= 1?=?= 1= += 1== 1>=

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1$=

4A

5FA:AJA,A&AADCEAEAEECAAFEAE4A*CACAEDACAAFACDAA4A8CACAEDACAAEAC(EA3CAACDAAFAAEAFACFAD4AEAAEADALCAAAEACEAAEECAAFEA


>JA

'ADCAECACAEA(FCA:AJE4ACACAAEADAAEADECAAEAAAEAC(EACADEAAEECAAFEAAADCACA((AD(ACALEAACDAA EAC(EAAADDAAEADCA"AFACDAAAAAAAEAC(EA)ADEACAAAAA(ADEAAD(EACAAAACAAAA

"EA(FCA:AJ4ADAEADEEAAEACAACDACAEDACA3CAACDACAEDACA A FAA EA FACFA(FCA:AJAE44AAC(EAEAAAEACEAAEECAAEAAAEADEAAAHdAAEAC(EA'ADCAECACAEA(FCA:AJACAEADAAEADECAECAAEAC(EACADEACACADADEACAEDACAAC(EAECAECACAAEECA"AEDACAAC(EAECFAADCACAEAEACAECAAAAHdA

"EA(FCA:AKADAEA#AAADCEAACCAEAE+AA(+AEAEA CA A EA A A EA "A EA A (EA EEA A E(A AEAEC,AAEA;AACAAAA

/

&E

&E

BCA "CE

-

46

45

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BCA

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E

C"F

CC

FE

/

CAA:;<

EC:;<

CAA:;<

EC:;<

= == 1== ,== >==

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=

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+=

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A

5FA:AKA,ABCCACA,AA<:6AEAEAAAEA

A"EA (FCA :AGA DA EA CA CA EDA CA A A FA CDACAEAAADEAAAEACAAAGHH9AA


>KA

CAA:;<

EC:;<

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A

AE4AA

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A

4A

5FA:AGA,A&AADCEAEAEAAAEAE4A*CACAEDACAAFACDAA4A9CAACDA3AFAAEAFACFAD4ACA

EDACAA(EABQCA

'ADCAECACAEA(FCA:AG4ACADAEACAACDACAEDACAAFAA(EABQCA3FACFA(FCA:AGE44ACEAACAAEAA+A ECA CA DECA EA AC(EA CADEA EA DEA ((A FE(A DCA AEDACA.CAE+AEADECAEACAANACADECAAEDACADAA CA A EEEFA A EDA CA A L(EA BQDEEA "EA (FCA :AGE4AA C+A EA A E+A ECA A EA CCA A FA CDA DA CA


>GA

A (EEA DCA EA CA A A CA DEA A DCEA A EA EADADCADAEAAEDA:::A'ADCAECAACAEA(FCA:AGE4ACA(AECFEACAEDACAECAECAA EFAA A*A(AECFEACAEDACAAEADEADAADAAECAECACAEECACA AEDA CA A ECEFA A DCA A CA CA CA CA 'A DCA ECA EFA CCADEEACAADAECAECAAAA

,> ("EA2FEACBAACAFAAC

)AEEEFAECAAEACAAEAAAEAACADAAAADEEAECAECAAEA;AEACADEA+AAAE+AADCAEFA FEA ADCCA DEA EA EA #A DCA "A A A CA EADDAAAACADCACAAEDACAAC(EAEAECADCAXXA ECA DEA "EA EA CA DEA A ;A EA A ECA DEA ACA DAEA CAEECA CA A CADA A FEEA EA CA AECADEAEAAA&AAEAADCAEFAFEAADCCADEA A DCEA CA A #A CEA C+A ECA CA ,CCAFAT*8H@UA"EA(FCA:A@AACACAECACADAAAAFCAADCCA DEA EA A #A CEA A CA "DA DA A A ADCEAACCAEAAEAC(EAAFEACDADEADCCAEAA

CAEACAA(EAE.

D1 D2 Dn……

N+N-P

MetalDielectric

5FA:A@A,A9CAECACADCACAADCEAFACAA#ACEA

ACAEAEACAAEAEA

*A (FCEA DA LEEFA A A DEDEFA DEA A CA DEA ECAECA CA 0E(A EA CA CA EDA CDDEA A EDA A "EA CAF(EACAAAACAAEEEFACAAACA<CCA DEA A A DEA A DA FCA A CA AEEFA DC+A A (EA A CA A OA (EA CA DEDEFA *A ECADCEA EEEFCA #A (CA EA A EDDEA A LCA ADCEAACAACCAAADDEAT5'HK+A".2HG+AZ8ACUA

)AEEEFAECAAACAFEACAADCCAACAA#ACEAACA EAAA((AA,CCADCA#AEADEA EDA (EA A FECA A CA D(A A DA FCA "EDDA CA CADAEAADDACACACEA ,CCADEAEAADCA (EA#AEDDCACAACEAFADACAAAEA&EAAE+AEAFECACA CA A#A EA CCLECA CEA CA A EA"EA (FCA:CHA DA CACA ECA CA DA "A CDDA ECA A DEA RAASA A #A ECAEA A EA DEA EA CA A EA <CA A (E+A EA CA A EA A #A C((EADEA 3CCA EA A d4A "A CA EFEA EA A EA A A EFACEAC,CAACACAACADAA(EAEACA0E(AACADECADEAAEA3CACA4AT286ACUACADACACAA(ADECA


>@A

A

PN-N+

Metal

A

5FA:CHA,A9CAECAAEACAAEAEAEAAEACACEA,CCAFA

*ACAEAADAEAEACAAEAAAE+AADEADCA(AAA>&AWAA(AAFAADEADEAA A EA A CA "A EA A A EA DA EAEEAADCCADEAAAAEADCAEACADCAECAEFACADAACACAAECADCAACACCA>&AE(AACA(CAAA A A DEA A A D(A CA A A FCA EA A CCADDEACACECA"EA(FCA:CAADACACAECAAADDADCAEACA(FCEA<0A*D,,*DA

45

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-

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A

5FA:CAA,A9CAECACADEDEFA<0A*D,,*DAAEAAEAAAEA,ADALCA+AAAAAEACAALCACADDEAA

AEA

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> A AFFAAE

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EHA

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TLSk ∆=Φ .. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:C4A

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• "

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).(. fp TTSh −=Φ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:>4A

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Flux de chaleur

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ECA

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Φ−

= ajth

TTR AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:J4A

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"AEEEFAAACAA(AAEA(EAAAAFCAAAOADEAAA.(AEAAD(EAAEECAAAAAAEAACEAAEECAEAACADDACA8A A CA A EA CA EA A EC+A A EECA A CA A CAECCA 3.64A A ECA A A CA E(A A CA EA EA CA CACEA)AEADECAAECADACAEEAAEACACAAECACACAACEAE(AACAAFEAADECAT!$8UA&EAEAEAADCA#AEEEFCAA(AACEAACAA(CA3EACADEAAAEACAAECAEAACE4A6E+AA(AAEAAAECA(EAAADCEAAECADCCAAD(EAAADEAEAEA CA CA A AA *ACA EA A A EA EACA EA CA A A EA A A CA A EA CA A ((ACACACAACAADACAEA(FCA:C>A

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E>A

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A

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>, FAAFA

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• (AADEAA

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AEE

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"A CA A (A A DEA EECA A A EA A EECAA A (EA EA A DCA CA 3A EECA EECA ,A EA A ADEEACADEAAEA4ACACACADECADEAACACAACAEDDAA(EA EA A DCA 3(FCA :C@4A 8A DA A CA EA EA CA DEAEDDAECACAECATZ)%HKUA

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/E "C F FAA FCA E AC :!)E<

"ACAA(AAEDDAA(AAEACAAEAEACAEACAAA(A6E+ADCAD(AAAEEEFAA(ECAEDA A A CA A CA CA "A CA A DCA DCAEA A (A DEA A A DEA EEC+A CA CA DEEA A CA EA A((CADEA"AA9E(A T"88@@UA:AACAC+ADCA ADA+AAA AEECACADAAAAA (CAAECA ADCA+A#AACA EA DEEA A A CA CA A DEA EA DA DCCA A(EEA((A&EAAEAACA(ADEA+ACAADEAAEA DCA EAA ((A EFA A DEA A A DA A EFAA(EA&EAAEAAEEC+AADAAEFAAAFEA#ADCACA(EA


E@A

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"ADACA(CAFACCAEADADEAEACADAACDACA A DA D(A A CA A (A A DA /A (EA EAC+A FEA C(EA EF+A ((A EFA A EA A (A DCA CA A(E+A(EADAAEFAACADECACA,CCAFA

-ACF

"A DA EA DCA A (A A DEA A DCEA CA CADDA A A EA EA A DCCA EECA DDCEA ECA DEA A EAA <6A CA ,CCA A DCEA A CCA EA :A A EA FAA EA EA ;A EA CA DEA A DCE+A ECA DCA DA A FA WA ADAADA6CAEAEDDAADA&:%A*A3DCA&(AFA:FEA%AEA*4A"EA(FCA:>HAACACAECACADAADEACAA<:6AADA

N+N+

material

N+N+

material)CE

-4645

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5FA:>HA,A9CAECACA(CAFA3&:%A*4AEAEA;AEACA

A<:6A

"AEECAAAEACADCAADEEFACA(CACAEDCACA EA EA ECA A EA EDA CCLA CA EFCA EA EEA "A EECAECAACA A (EA FCCAFEAA DECACACEAACA3AIHdAAIHHd4AACADAEAADAAEFAADCA(EACAEAAEAAEECAEECA DA EA EA DEA DA<EAEC+A A EECAEA DA ((ACA FEA C(EA EFA "A (EA EA ECCA CA A DA A EAA CAA EA (EA FCCAAEECA 3CADAA(AA((AAAAFCCAEAC4AAA(ECADEADCAEAA((AEFA A A 3DCA CA AHHHHVQCQZA EA A EA EECA EEA A EAECCA A IHd4A *A CA A +A CA ECA (A A A DA A EACA FA A EA DECA EA A DEA CA A OA A EA DEAFAAEECAAAEACACAACACA8(+ACAEEEFADDEACADA&:%A*AAACDAAACAACAACA (EA DEA A ECA CA 3CDEFA CA DA *8%A ,A C+ADEA A EA CA DEA A EDA C4A .+A ADEA EA &:%A *A DCA (A A CA A DA A EA >&A A((EA CA CA DCA EA FA CA A DCCA DEA A A A EA CA(FCEA*D,,*DA3(FCA:>A4A


IHA

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Metal2)CE

-4645

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6E+A A DCA A CA A EEEF+A A DA &:%A *A CA DCCAEADAA?AEADAAEACAADDAAEADCAADCEAAEACACACEA,AEAAAEAAEEAECE+AA((ACAEAACACEACAAEACAAEAC(EAEAADE+AA((ACAEACAA A A A CEA A (CA CA A LCA A EA ECA ECA CA DEA A+A A A CA CA (CA CA &EA A DEEFEDA CE+A CA EAEEADCAAEAECAAADA

1 /FACFAACC"!)E

.(ACA EDDEACADA&:%A*ACAEADAADACAAADCEAACCAEA3(FCA:>C4A

CC$ :"CEF A<

ACEE ACAAA

CAA A"CEAAFC

A

5FA:>CA,A9CAECAAEACCACAA<:6AEA&:%A*AA

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&EA CA A (FCE+A A A EA A DA A ;A A CDA DEA AEECAEEAE(AAEAEADAAEAEAAA&EACADAD+A CA EA (EA A A A EA EA DA A EA CA A DDA CA


IAA

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8(+AEACAAAADEAEA&:%A*AAECADEAEACAAEA A A EA CA CA EA DA DCA NA EA A EDA "EAEA DDCAA EA A #A DA CA A EECA CA (A EAAEEEFAAEAEA3EFAADEAFAD(4AE(AAFEEACAFA ((EA CA EDA CA A (EA A EA ;A EA CA DEA A CA (CACA

, $FEFFE

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<EA EC+A A (CA A ECA #A CADEA EA CA A EECA EACAAEA#AAEA/AEADCAACAAACACA8(AA(CAA#AACAADCCAAA

)ADAEAA((A(CA3CAAAC4ACAEAAEDDEAA(AADEACAADAEAT%'$HJUA"AA A (CA EDCA EEA DCA CA EDDEA A (A A DCA#A((CAACEAAAA%C((AACAA(ADEAEAEACEA?A

e

dp

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µρ

= AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:K4A

WA ρ TDFQ>UAAEAEACC+ k TVQYZUAAEACAC+A*DTQDFYZUA

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"EA F(EA CA A A %C((A A EA A (EA CA DCA CA FAA A DCA CA A D(+A A (CA EA A DCA FEA A A %C((A EAEAAECAAE(AAECAADCAA)ACADEEAEACAAAA%C((A E(A A A ECA E(A A E(A A ECA DCA ((A (CA EA AEADEATB:%HJUA"EA(FCA:>>AAEADEEACAECAE(AAE(AAECADCA ((A (CA A CH_*A EA A EA CA CA A EEA DADDA(FCA:>>E4AADCACACAEEAADDA(FCA:>>4A,AACACCADACAEAADAADAAEA((AA


ICA

AAA A

E4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA4A

5FA:>>A,A*DEEACAECAE(AAE(AAECADCA((A(CAACH_*+AAAAAAE4ACAAEEADADDAA4AADDATB:%HJUA

*A A DCA A A CA EA (FCA :>>+A A D(EA CA A (CACA 3EA A DA /A .E+A .DE+A *E+A B+A 5CE4A AADCA(EACAAAECA*EAAOAADECAACACACADCA(EACAE((AA((AEFA3FEAAHJVQZADCAECAADAAHAAAHCVQZADCAA(CAC4A)AEDAEADAEAEA(FCA:>>AAA EA CA EA A EA A CA EEA A D(EA CA A (CA(CE+ACAAADCACAEAAEDDEAC+AAADCA(EA.+A EA A EDDE+A A DEEMA DCA (CA CA ECA (CA CAAA*ECIADEADAA

.+ACA EAEAAACEAACA AAADCAEC+ACAEA(EA AACA A EA *EA CIA T8ggUA DCA EA A DA &:%A *A :A ADEAAACAAAADACAA*EACIADEAEDDAECAECA(CACAEEADCCAA(CA*EAEACAAECAADCA(EACAA ECA (CA CA A EA A DA A EFA CA EA A *EA A(CA EDCA A #A DCA (EA <CA CA E+A A EECA :A A CADEEAADDADCAAEC+ACA*EACIAALCAECA(CACA/A%ADEAEAEDDEA&:%A*A

TABLEAU I: COMPARISON DES PROPERTIES PHYSIQUES DE COOLANOL25R, MIDEL ET EAU

A !3_*4A *D3QDFYZ4A ρ 3DFQ>4A h3DFQQ4AH,>A D3VQQZ4A

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8AACAAADDACAA*EACI+AEAEACAACI_*A A FEA A CJA A EA FA CA A EHD9A DCA CA EA A A AC+EA6E+AADAEAECCAAEECACA&:%A*AADACAEEAF(EAAEAFACACA(CAAEADAACEADA EFAECACAAA AECA<CA CAADACADCAACACAECAT"8BHCUACAACAAEDAEAEDDEAAEFA CA A DCA EA CA CA EA 3CA EA A E(EC4ACACAEAAAAECFA3EAACCACADACACAFAAAE4AAAAEA(FCA:>EAA

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0.1

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Inception field Ei (MV/cm)

Radius of curvature rp (mm)

positivestreamers

negativestreamers

A

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IEA

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V

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ElectrolyteElectrodes en métal

- - - - - - - - - - - -

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E E

Zone de charge d’espace

E

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Ipcourant de fuite

Jonction PN dans un semi conducteurSupercondensateur

Pas de charges à l’interfaceSi/diélectrique

Incourant de fuite

A

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v_rec4004000 x(

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A

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*ADACACADAA(AEA(EAAD(A#AACAD(EAAAAAEADCAEADCCACAEEEAA((CAEEAEADEEAADEA"AACADACAAECADA(AACACA AEECAADEACAA EACDA/ACAEAEACAEACAAA;AEAD(AEAA(AE((ADEAADEEFAAEAAEEAEAEAEAEA!C(ALECALAADEAC((A:A(CAACACAEACDADCEACAADCAEAAFADDCAACLA(ECEAAADAEAA(CCAEACADAACDADCAXDDXA

&EA CA CA DA A D(A CDA A A DEDEFA EA A MADEA [CA A EA A CEA <*2A 3DCA <A *CA 2E4A A B%:A 3DCABCEA%ECA:4A"ADEDEFAAAAEA(EAEA3E4ACADEACAACEAEAAEADEACAEACAEAAEACAECAE+AEAAEAADCCAAFAEAA#ACEAAC+AAEAEAA(AAFA"A EDA A CDA A A DA (CA CA ECA *:%8,6EA EA LEA A :A<FA )A (A EA A CA E+A A DEA A DEA EA CA FAA"EA(FCA:::AEADAADEDEFADCAC+ACEAAC(AAEAEAEAAFAEAA#ACEAACA


AHJA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAE44AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA4

5FA:::AEA/A<FEDACADEDEFAAE4AC+A4ACEAA4AC(AAAFAEAA#ACEAACAEAEACALEFAAAEAAAEA

<EA EA C+A A FA CA DEDEFA EA CA EA ECA A A CA A DCA AAADCEAE(ADAEACEAACAAAEA EAEEEAADEEA A EA CEA DA 3A Z4A )A CA ECA A CADFEDACACECADEDEFAADACAEA(FCA:::AIA

Measurementpads

Cathode power padAnode power pad

Electrodes de mesureAnode

Cathode

A

5FA:::AIA/A9CAECAADACADEDEFAAAEAEEEAAAAAEAEAAAEA

)AEADECAEAECAADACAA(AAFAACADEACAEADCA*ACDAACADADCACAEAAFAA>>dAAE+AAAADEAACADCCA(AEAECAAAEACACAEAC(EACA DEA E(A A FEEA EA CA FA CA CEA EA CA EA A CADEA 'A DCA A CA EA (FCA :::AIA CA CA A DA ECA CA DCAAADE+AADEAAAEAACADCCA(AAFAAAEEACACAEAC(EACADEA.+AEACACACEAADCEADCA#AAAEAC(AAEAC(EACADEAADCEA#AAAFAAADEADAEEDADCAAEAACEACAEAADA

%#A A A FA A A CA A A DCA A DAEEEA C+A EDA A EEA (EA A A EA EA A AEA A A CA A A FCA EA A DEDEFA A DA <0A *D,,*DAT9.7AHUA%EFAAEAAEAAEFA+AEA(EACADAEAADEDEFA EA DEA DCA #A EA ECA CA A A A "EA EA EA DCA DEA A CADECA A EA CA A EA AC(EA CA CA EA DCA EA A C((EA DCAAEDDEA*AEEAAADCCAEAAEECAAA(CCA

"EA A A FCA CA DA CA EA EEEA A DECA ECA ECA ADEA A XDXA FEA DCCA (A A DCCA ADEA*ADA CACAEDDEAFEAEA ACCACDEACAEAEAAE(ECACEACAEAACEAEAT5'HK+A


AHKA

".2HGUA "#A DEA DA CA A CCA A A DEA A CDA EEEFACA((AAECFEAAEA(CAEDDEAAEEAAEADAECA CA A CA A CEA EA EA EA A A DE(A A CADA A CA A CA EA CA CA !C(A DCA A (E+A DCCA EA ACEAAEAACADCAECFEACAAADEAE(AAA A CA *EA A EA A A FCA A A CCA DCA A DCACA A DA A (EA )A CA DA A FEA CA ADEA E(A A A CA (A EA T*8H@UA *EA CA A A A DCA AoAA D(A EA A A FCA"EA CA A EA A EA DEAAEAEADCA#AEDDCACAADEAE(AACAA%'B58!ACAA:72!A*DE+ADCAEAEACADACAEAEEAEACADADACAAAADCEAACCAEA*AAAAAAFCAEACACAEAAEAEADAEAADEEFEDACEA

>11 CCACAC

• BA

!CA A CEA CA A DA EA A DEEFEDA CEA A EAEEEADEAADDACA(AADEDEFAAEADEEAEA8AACA A A EECA A A A A A DCEA EA EA AAE+ACAEACAAEEAAEDADDECA?A

- EA CA A A CA A CA CA A DCCA A FA EA A #ACEAACAAAAEAEACAAEAAAE+A

- A CEA A (C+A A DECA EE+A CA A CA CA A DCCA AFAEAA#ACEAAC+AA

- ACEAA(CA3CAADCADEA#AAAACEAEACADCAA#ACEAAEEEADEC4+AADECAA3CCLAAHH_*4+ACAACA

"EA (FCA :::AJA DA CA A A CA CEA A CA A A CA ACAEAEAAAEA"ADEAACAAAAKCH9AEACACEAA(CAAAKd.AAJHH9AADECAEEA

0,0E+00

1,5E-05

3,0E-05

4,5E-05

6,0E-05

0 200 400 600 800

Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

Vka (V)

Ika

(A)

A

5FA:::AJA/A*EECAAACAACAEAEAAAEA

"EA (FCA :::AKA DA CCA CEA DE(A A EA CA A A DCAA FA A A EA EA A A EA*A DCA EA (FCA:::AJ+AECACADAAEACAAACAACA


AHGA

0,0E+00

1,0E-05

2,0E-05

3,0E-05

4,0E-05

5,0E-05

6,0E-05

0 200 400 600 800Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

prototype1- diode rondprototype2- diode rondprototype3- diode carreprototype4- diode rondprototype5- diode carreprototype6- diode carreprototype7- diode rond

Vka (V)

Ika

(A)

A

5FA:::AKA/A*EECAAAADCCAACAEAEAAAEA

$A A EECA A DDA AA A EA CA A CA CA A A FA(CAAJHH9+AAECAD(ADAAD(EA(AEAAEAAEFAAEACACEAA(CA(EA3(FCA:::AG4AACAAAECEFAAJHH9AEAAALEEEADAAAECAAA<CAA((AAEACAAAAAD(AEAFEA34AAEADAEAACCA3E4AAEFA A EA EA A A A DEA A CA DECA A CA(A CA A EA A CCA EA A CAA CA CCA EA EA DAADDAA ADEEAAE(EEAEA AA DAFEA 3AEDA ::4A&EAA(CCAA(ECEAEEACAAAEAACCAEACAE((AEACAAAADEAEAEAAAEA

1,0E-06

1,0E-05

1,0E-040 200 400 600 800

Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

prototype1- diode rondprototype2- diode rondprototype3- diode carreprototype4- diode rondprototype5- diode carreprototype6- diode carreprototype7- diode rond

Vka (V)

Ika

(A)

A

5FA:::AGA/A*CEAA(CAAACAEAEAAAEA

6CAADEAACAADCEFAADEACACAACACA DA A FEA DCA EA CA A A A A CEA A (CA DA ECAEAGH]AACAAD(AEAEAAACEAACA"AECACH]AAA CA CA A A (CA A EA A EA EA 3(FCA :::A@4A A CACEAA(CAECCDADCAACAEAEDAAEAAd.A3(FCA:::CH4A


AH@A

0,0E+00

1,0E-04

2,0E-04

3,0E-04

4,0E-04

0 50 100 150 200 250

Vak (V)

Iak

(A) prototype1-diode carre

prototype2-diode carreprototype3-diode carreIk

a(A

)

Vka (V) A

5FA:::A@A/A5EACAAAAACAEAEAAAEA

1,0E-06

1,0E-05

1,0E-04

1,0E-030 200 400 600 800

Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

prototype1-diode carreprototype2-diode rondprototype3-diode carreprototype4-diode rond

Vka (V)

Ika

(A)

A

5FA:::CHA/A*CEAA(CAAAACAEAEAAAEA

"A DEA EA EA A EA D(A A CA A AC((EAACEAA(CAATV'"HJ+AZ)$@GUADCCAEAA<6AADDAADA A #A CA (ECA EA DCA #A A FA CA (A A D(A*DE+A EA A E+A A A EA EA EA EEA A CEA A (CAA CA DA CA EA (FCA :::CHA DA CA (EA FFEA A CA ADDA (ECA *A CEA A DEA A A CA EA DA CAEAACAACAAEAADCADEAAAEAAOAAECADA FCA A ECA DECA A DCA DEA A EA CDA (EA EEA EADEEAAEA.(AAAAD+ACAEA((CAACACACEAA(CAAECADECA3CCAAHHj*4A<CAEACAEAAAD(ACACADECAEC((EAACAEACAEAAADECAAD(AEACAEEA(ECFA+ACA(AEADECAAFAE+AEACACACEAA(CAEAA ((CA EA A #A ECA A EECA CA DA "EA (FCA :::CAAA ECA CA CEA A (CA A CIj*+A KIj*+A IHj*A A AHHj*A CA A CA EAEAAAEAA


AAHA

0,0E+00

1,0E-05

2,0E-05

3,0E-05

4,0E-05

5,0E-05

0 200 400 600 800

Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

100°C75°C50°C25°C

Vka (V)

Ika

(A)

AAAA 1,0E-07

1,0E-06

1,0E-05

1,0E-040 200 400 600 800

Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

100°C25°C

Ika

(A)

Vka (V)

A

5FA:::CAA/A%CACACEAA(CAAECADECACAACAEAEAAAEA

"AECACACEAA(CAAAEAEAEAADCAACACADCAADEADEEA.(ACAAEDACAAADACAACEAEDA JHH9A AHH.A A 5EA T5.:HCUA 3(FCA :::CC4A "EA DEA CA CEA A (CA A(AAEADECADCAAAEAEAEAACA(ECAAHADCAACADCAEAADEEAAA6E+AEACAACEACACAEAEAAECAEACAACAAEDDEACACAEACAAAADCACAACEAA(CAAADCA(EACAACEACA3CAAEAAEDDEAAd.4A8(+A AD(AEAACAE(AAEEAACEAA(CADCAACAADEADEEA.AADACADCAAEAAEAJHH9AA.AEADEA5EFA8EAT5.7H@UAAEA(ACACACAACEAA(CAEEACAACI_*AAAId.AA

A

5FA:::CCA/A*CEAA(CAA(AAEADECAADCACAAAAT5.:HCUA

8A A CA A EA CA A A A DCCA A EA EA A AEA FA EA A #A CEA A CA EA (FCA :::C>A DA AEECAAAACEAAEAEAEACA


AAAA

0,0E+00

2,0E-04

4,0E-04

6,0E-04

0 200 400 600 800

Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

Vka (V)

Ika

(A)

A

5FA:::C>A/A*EECAAACADCACAEAEAAAEA

&EAAE+ACAADEAEDAFA(AEAAEAAEFAA A A CA A A A JHH9A *DEA A CEA A EA CA AAAADAAAE;A((A/AAJHH9ACAAAEACACEAA(CAA>d.+AEACAAEHd.AAACAAACHHd.A&EDAT<.H>UAFAA A CEA A (CA DCA A A A ECA EA DE(EA A DEA A EA EAEA 3CAECADAAFECA&:84AECAECAA EA AECFCAAC(EACAACADAEAAEA!C(+AEAAEACAACAEAEAEADCADEACAAAFAAA((AADACAAAAA(EA CA CA DEEA EA A EA EA CA EDA A DFA A CA ECFAA EA DA CA DNA A DECA A DCA EA A EA EA "EA(FCA :::CEA DA CA ECA EA A EEEA A EA CA A A CA DCACAEAEAEAEAA

0,0E+00

5,0E-06

1,0E-05

1,5E-05

2,0E-05

2,5E-05

3,0E-05

3,5E-05

4,0E-05

0 200 400 600 800

Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

prototype1prototype2prototype3prototype4prototype2prototype6

Vka (V)

Ika

(A)

A

5FA:::CEA/A*EECAAACADCACA3DDAAAAAJ4AEAEAAAEA

&EAAEADACAEA(FCA:::CIACAEAAJAD(AEFAEAAA ECEFA EA A JHH9A EA CA CEA A (CA A (A A (CA A Ed.A A JHH9AADACAEA(FCA:::CIAA


AACA

1,0E-06

1,0E-05

1,0E-040 200 400 600 800

Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

prototype1prototype2prototype3prototype4prototype5prototype6

Vka (V)

Ika

(A)

A5FA:::CIA/A*CEAA(CAAEADCACA3DDAAAAAJ4AAEAEAA

AEA

*A CEA A A (A A DA CA A A A DECA A DCADAEEAEADEEAAEACAAAFACAFEACEAA(CAAAEA((A A EECA A CA A A EA A EA DCCA CA A DDAA EA EEEA EA A DA EA A DEEFEDA A CA A #A DAFCA A ECCA EA A DEA A EA A A ((A A DEEA A EAADAAC(EAAD(AADEAAEAEEAEAAADDAAEAEAEAA

• CCACAECACF

8A A CA A EA EEEA A A A A EA EA EADCCACAACAAECAA((CAE(AACACAAAAA6ADACACADACAADAACAADACAEAEAAADACA(EACAEACAADCADEAAFAAC(EAAADEACAA(EAEEDAAADA6CAEAAEAEAADEDEFAE(ADA EACACACEAEA AD(AAECAA ADCADA EACAACEAA(AEAAACACEADAA

"EA (FCA :::CJA A CA A A CA CEA A EEEA CA A CAEA EA A A EA "A DEDEFA 3EA E(A A (EA EA A DCCAFAA(EAEE4ACADDAAACADACAEA(FCA:::AEA


AA>A

0

1

2

3

4

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4

Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

A

5FA:::CJA/A*EECAAACAACAEAEAAAEA

"EAEACEAA+ADACAEA(FCA:::CK+AAAAAHAlAACAACACEAE(EEA#AALADCEA#AAALEAAEADEEAACACEAA

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.410

-2

10-1

100

101

Vak [V]

Req

[Ohm

s]

A

5FA:::CKA/AEACEAAA

"EA(FCA:::CGADAAEECAAAACEAAEAEAEACA"ADAAAACEAAAEEADEACAEEAA EAEACEAAHAKlAAHC>lA


AAEA

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

0 0,5 1 1,5 2

Vak (V)

Iak

(A) prototype1

prototype2prototype3prototype4

A

5FA:::CGA/A*EECAAAACEAAEACAEAEAAAEA

!C(+ACAAACAEAEAEA AEECAAAAAADEADEAAAFA*EAAACAEA(FCA:::C@A

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4

Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

prototype1-grand rondprototype2-grand carreprototype3-grand carreprototype4-petit rond 1/4prototype5-petit carre1/4prototype6-petit carre 1/9prototype7-petit carre 1/16prototype8-petit carre 1/9prototype9-petit carre 1/16

A

5FA:::C@A/A*EECAAAADCCAAEAEAAAEA

*AEA(FCA:::C@AAD+AEAEAEA3DDAJAAK4AEAEAAEADEEA A A CA A DCA A AlA .CA A CEA A CA A DEA ADEAAEAEAAACEAEAC(EAEAAA3ADDAA+CAA>AACAC(EAAGGC+AADDAEAAIAACAC(EAAEECA+AADDAJAAGAACAC(EAACJCJC+AADDAKAA@AACAC(EAACCCAA4A*ACEACAAEAACDDACAEA((AEACAEECAEACAAACAEACAADE(EAAA,CCAAEAEE+AAACAECEACEAAEACAAC(E+AAAEA(EADAAEAAACACACA((CAA


AAIA

6CAEACAEAEAEAEACEACAEACAA((CEACACAAECCAAEADECA3EHH_*4A8A((+ACAC(EAACACAACD(AAEDA"AAEAEE+AECCAEAACAEAAECEACEAEAABAACEAACAACAAACA

*DE+ACAAACADCAEACA((ADEAACAAECCAA #A ((CA EA CA EDA CA /A A 5FA FE;A EA CA EFAFA AH]A A E;A @H]A !C(+A DEA ECA CDA D(CA A A A+ACAEA((CAACAAECCAEACA(CACAEDAE;A<CAA E+A EEA CA EA CA CA ECA CA A ECCA EA DEA A ACEAEAAEAAAA)A(EAEEAAEADEEA;ACACCA DDA EA DCA #A A &A EA DEA A A EECA DCAEDD(AA#A((CAEAA(CCAE(AADCADADEACAAEECAADEACAECACAAECCAA

"EA(FCA:::>HADA AEECAAACAACA34AEEAAEDAACAECCA

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

0 0,5 1 1,5

Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

avec recuit Alsans recuit Al

A

5FA:::>HA/A*EECAAACAACAEEAAEDAACAAECCA

6A A EA DCA EA A EECA A A A A EAEA A AEA EA A A AA EA CA CECA DEDEFA DCAA DEA CA CA DEA LFA EA CA CA CEA EA ECA((CACACADCADA"EAEECAAACAACAAEAC(EAEAAAEAECA 3DDA(FCA:::AI4AADACA EA(FCA:::>AA,CA)ACEAAEH.AEACACAAAAA9AEADCA#ACAEAA(FCEA"EAEA CEA A EA A EA A HHAlA *A CEA DA DA A AE+ACADEAAAEACEAAD(A(ECAEAECAEACAACACACAEACA


AAJA

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 0,5 1 1,5Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

A

5FA:::>AA/A*EECAAACAACAEAEAAAEA

6E+A A A DCA A A CA EA (FCA :::>AA ECA CA CA EA ECA ACEA3EH.4AEAEECAAAA(AFEA&AACDDEAA DCA EDD(A A #A A E(A (A EA EA A A DA AECA CA EA DEA ECA CA ECEA DA ECA <EA ECA ADAEAAEAAA+ACAEADEADCACAADADCAAEAAAEEAAADCCAEAA(CCA

>1, CCACF%C

"EA EEEA ECA A A EA EA A A EA EEA CA(ADDECA?A

• EA EA EDEA A EFA ECA CA A EA EA A AEAAECAADACACA9QAA

• ECA A DA ECA A DCA CA CA DEEFA A #ACEA A C+A A A A A CA A ECA EA EA CA AEA A AE+AA ((CEA CA AA FCA EACA CCAEAA

<CA EA EA CA A A A A EA EA A A E+A CA AAAEEEADEACAAAFCAEACACAADCEAADAECAA"(AAAAEAAEAAEACA9QAAADEAEACAACEACACAEAEACAEAAACACDCAE(AEAACA <CA E+A EA A EA EA EA EA A A A EDEEAEA CDCA DDEA 3CA EA %'B58!4A A A EA A A EA A #A(A LA A A CA A EA "EA (FCA :::>CA A CA DA CA EFADEA


AAKA

!F

)K/C(B

CF

F)K/C(B

!FC"

CAA

"CEAA

5FA:::>CA/A&AEAEAAAEAXXADEAEAAECAACA%'B58!ALCAECAA

"(A A A A EA ECA A EA A EA EA EA EA EDEA AEAEAECAACEAAEAEDEAAEFACAEAADCEA"EA(FCA:::>>ADA ACEACAAEA CAAA39ED4AACACEA3:ED4AAEAEAACAAA

VAK=300V

IAK=0A

2 µs

AA

VAK=446V

IAK=0A

100 ns

A

E4 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA4A

5FA:::>>A/A*EECAECAAEAAEAEAEAE4A:.ZA3CH.Q4ACEAA9.ZA3AHH9Q4AAECAAAEA+A4A;AACCA

EA9QcEIH9QEHcAA+CID9QhA

BCA A CEA $5A A DEA A DA ECA EDE(A A EA ADCA #A A CA EA (FCA :::>>A DCC+A EA A (FCE+A ECCA CEA ADCEA A DCA CA A EA EA A CA A "EA A EA A CA ADADEAAAAD9QdA39Q4A

"EDA CEA A EEA DECA CA DA A A EA EA EAADCADAACACAFAEAA#ACEAACA<CA EA CA EA EFA CA A A FCA EA CA CA CA ADCEA A DA ECA DEEA EA *A EEA A DEA DCCA ACAEA[CADCAADEACHH9AEACA(CAAAHHD$;AEAAC(A A CEA EA DCA A (A A DCCA A FA EA A#A CEA "EA DFA A DA A CA A CEA A A


AAGA

CEA"AEAAEADACACAEAADACAEA(FCA:::>EA*A DDA A EA DEEFEA CA FA LFEA DDA ECAEEA7C8"E+AAADCACAAAAAFACEAEAAA!ABA TB:%AAUA <CA (E+A A CCA (CA EA DEA !A BA DCA DADCAEAAA(AAA

100V DC

load

Monolithic integration of 3 diodeswith vertical voltage terminations

C

CE FA,FFA

a)A

)K/C(B !FAF

FCA

"A EACE

"A ECC

"A ECCF

FA)K/C(B

b)A

5FA:::>EA/A*CA2AEAE4AE+A4ADACACA

"EA(FCACEAAA(ACACACAEAAAEACADADA EA A A CA A 8A A EA A 9&BA ECA A A CA ACDCA A A CEA :"A+A :"C+A :">A A EA A A CEA "A EDDA CA ADEAAACHjAE(AAD(AAEEEFAAEACCACADAACACA(EFA

VDS=200V

2 µs

IL1=1A IL2=1A IL3=1A

5FA:::>IA/ACEADECACA(ACACA2AEA

)A(AA(ACACAE+ACAEADEAAAAAA DEA A DCA CA EA EA EA "EA (FCA :::>JA A EADACACAEAAEA


AA@A

-EFFA C"

CAA "CEA

-EFFA C"

CAA "CEA 5FA:::>JA/A<ACACA2AEAEACADCACAAAEA

EEEA

"EA(FCA:::>KAAACEADECACACAADCAFCAEAA9&BAACAAE+AAFECACACEAEAAAA3:.ZA+A:.ZC+A:.Z>4AAACEAACAACEA3:"4A"ADCEAAFECADEAEADAACEAA CA A EA ECEA CEA A A CA A ECA (A CDEFAEFCACAACA

IAK=0.8A IL=0.8AVDS=150V

2 µs

AAA

IAK1=0.8A IAK3=0.8AIAK2=0.8AVDS=150V

2 µs

IAK1=0.8A IAK3=0.8AIAK2=0.8AVDS=150V

2 µs

A

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAE4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA4A

5FA:::>KA/ACEADECAAE4ACACAACEA,A9&BAAAECAACAE+A:"ACEAACAACEAA:.ZACEAEAEAADEAA

4A9&BAAAECAACAE+A:.ZA+A:.ZC+A:.Z>ACEAAAAEADCACA

"A (A CA CA EA A EA A (A CCLA AIH9A "A CEADAAACA ADCEAEACACA"A (AAAACAACEAACAAADEAEAAEDDADCCAACEAACEADEAEAAAEAEACECCAFCECAACEAACAEAACA*LACADAD(AAAEDDALFEACAAA


ACHA

FA EA DECA A DEA A CCA CDEA DCEA A DCADACAAAFCAACACEFAA

-CAE AFAFFAFAACC"!)E

<CAEDD+AADAEA&:%*ADCAA(AAADEAADCEAAEACAFEAADCCAEECAAEAEA;AEACA DEA EA A A DDCEA A EA A <6A CA EFA A DEA ADCEAACCAEA*ADA((ADCCAEEEFADEAEACAECADEACCAEA&EAADEEFEDACACACAEADAACAEACAACEACCAACAEEAA((ADACAAD(EACAAAADCEAACCAEAAEADAAEECAEAEA;A EA &EA A DEEFEDA D+A CA EA CA CA EA EEA A EADDCA D(A A (EEA A DEA A EA CA A A CA DEA*DE+AEAEEAADCCAEECAAEAEA;AEACAD(AA #A FCA EEA A CA E(A A FEEA CA CA DEA A EADCAA(A"ECFEAA EA FCCAA EA ACAA EACDEAA ;A A CA A A ECA DEA FEA A EECA DCA EMAEA A CEA A (CA EA ECA (A EA CA CA EDA CA ACA CA DEA "A CEA CCA CA A DA DEA EA CA CADA ECA DEA A ((A DCA CA A A EECACACAAADCEAACCAEACAEA;AEAAEADEADCCAEECA"ADEEAFCAADCACACAEEAAACEA?A

• "EA EFCA A EECA ,A ECA A CA ,,A A ((A C&A CA EDACACAEAEFCACAEEAEA

• "A(ECAADEFA3EDDAAEAAEACDADEAAEECAAEAC(EAEACADE4A/AECAACA,,AAEACAAACADEACAAAAEECAADEEAEA*ADEEAECEAECAACADCEAACAEAACA,CCAAA EA A CEA 6CA (A DEA DA CA EA CA A EAC(EAEACAD(AEADADEAA(AD(EAAAECCAEFACAEAACEACADEAAEAEACAA

• 8((A A EFA A DEA A EECA /A ECA ACA ,,A CAEDACAA(EABQCACAEFAADEAEAA

8C+A CA DA A DEDEFA A A EA EEEA ECA A A EA&:%A*A"ADACEAAEAEEADEAAAAEECAECAAAEA&:%A*AADAAEA(ACADEEFEDAA

"DEA A DEA CA A CA CA EA CDA A A DEAEA EA A DA EECA A EA CA DA 6A CA #A CADAAAAD(EACAEADAEAAEDA:9A

&CE%A FECAA

*A CA EA A DA EA A EDA :+A EA CAA A DDCA AA EA &:%A *A EA ECA A DA EA A A EA &EA ADEEFED+ACAEADAACEAACEABEAE(ACAA((ADCA A FCA CA EA CA A A CA A A DCEA CCA EEAEAEA;AEAEAC(AACAEACADDCAAEA#AADCCAEAEAACAEAEADEADAAAEDA


ACAA

.(A CA A A ((A DCA A FCA CA DA &:%A *A CA ADALCAACAEACAA#ADEEADCACACACAAACADCA AAA EAAEA ADEA"EA(EAA EACCACACAEA((CAE(AADAAEEAAEAFECAD(ACCLAACA EEA CA EA CA A CEA A CA A DA CA EA (FCA :::>GA "AAAAECAA#ACAEALCADA<EAEC+AEAAADA A DCA EA A FA DCCA A CA A CA EEA A ECA #ADAA

EFCA3d4

DE

C

A3d

4

CF

CF

/CCE

C"ACEADAC

CEFACAFCCEEC

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Vak (V)

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Vak (V)

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0,0E+00-500-400-300-200-1000

Vak (V)

Iak

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DRIM Cooleroccupation 1/16

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Vak (V)

Iak

(A) sans DRIM Cooler

avec DRIM Cooleroccupation 1/16



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Vak (V)

Iak

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DRIM cooleroccupation 1/9 -avant decoupeDRIM cooleroccupation 1/9apres decoupeDRIM cooleroccupation 1/16 -avant decoupeDRIM cooleroccupation 1/16 -apres decoupe

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0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1

Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

diode sans DRIMCooler

diode avec DRIM Cooleroccupation 1/16



A

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0

10

20

30

40

50

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Vak (V)

Iak

(A)

A

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11 4DF-CFE

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TABLEAU I: NOMBRE DE PRANDTL POUR LE FLUIDE COOLANOL 25R

B:M< -

CHA G@EJA

EHA EJ@KA

JHA >>KIA

AHHA C>>AA

&EDA A EECA:+ACAACA AAA<EAA AFEAEAAAACAF(A C+A EA A EA A A EDDE+A EA FCCA EA ECCA A DCACACA EA FCCAEACA6CAEACAEAEA ADEEFEDACEAA

1, AFACDEAA%FCE

&EA A EA CA CA EE+A EA A A CEA C(A CA A ADA A A CA CA +A ECA (CA A A CA CA AFA A A CA EE+A AD(AAADACA(ADEECA/AAAEACACAAAFAEA'AAA#ADAECAECACADDAAEACAACA"EAEEA A FCCA EA ECCA A CA A DEA E(A AA AACAEAEAEDDDADCAECAEDDEADECA6E+AAEAAADEACAECADADCCAEAEACACAACAADDAACACADDAA(EACAEAC(A"AEADADAEACAAAFECAAAFCCAEAAEAACA EA EA A (CEA ((A DCA #A CA EA EAECA *,CA CA DA A EA DCA A FCCA EA

ECCA3"4AACA3"4ACACAEACAT%)\@@UAA


A>KA

"rHHI&AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9>4A

"rHHI&<AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9E4A

.A A DA CA DCA A A EA WA CA DCA A ACA A EA DEA EEHHAEECAEAAEAECCAIHdA3CDEAAQ@AAEAC(EAEAAEADC4+AAAAAHCK"QAACADAACADCEADAAEHHVAACAEAAEADECA QA CA (CA A IHZA &EA A EA 3DCA CA DECA CA (CA AEHj*4+AAAAAECA>AAACAACACAAAFAEEA6A CA A A A A A A (EA A ECA CA DA EA ECCA AEECA.+AEACAADACAAEADEAEAC+AAFACAEAEEA&EAAE+ACADCAECAEAFCCAEAECCACAECAAGdAEACAEAFCCAEACAECAKHHdA.AAD(AAAAEAA ACACAEEAEACA AD(AADECA AAEA CA A FACAEEA3DCAEDD+AEAFCCACAEEAAIHHd4A

A:A A DEA A A CA A ((A A A A (CA DCA A EFACA DCCA EA A ;A A FEA A DECA 3A A A ((AEFA(AEC4AADCA(A.AA((AEFAAAAAAACA EEA A EA ECA CA CCA EA CA ECA (A CA A FA A EACA

1> 4DF4AAE

"A A A 6CA EEA EFA CA A EA DEA A A (CA :A AAAECA((AEFACAADCAA(ADEAEAEACEA?A

kDhhNu .= AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9I4A

WA A TVQCZUA A A ((A EF+A &A TUA A A EA ECCA CA EEA ADTVQZUAAEACACACA(CAAA

8A FA EE+A A A A 6CA A (A DEA A EA FA CACA A A EA ECA CA FA CA "CA A FA CA ACA A ECCA EA A CA A FA A D+A A A A6CA A EA A DCA #A (EA ECA A EA EA EA A (CAEECA 3DEA DA DCA CA EEA CEA 6CcE>JA EA A EA CA (CA A ECAC(A A 6Cc>JJA EA A EA A DEA A T28H>U4A &EA A EA A EECACEA A FA CA EA ECA A A CA EAC+AEAEA3:9J4A(CADEA2EAT28H>UAEAAAABEAA"ATB$.KGUADAAAAAA6CAAEAAEAADEAAAEAEA3:9K4AEAAEACA(CAAECAC(A?A

A

B

>→+<<→−

≤→−

= −

−

03.0/0499.0657.303.0005.02.0615.1

005.07.0615.1

**

*3/1

*

*3/1

*

xxxx

xx

Nu AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9J4A

AB

>→+≤→=

−

03.0/0722.0364.403.0953.1

**

*3/1

*

xxxxNu AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9K4A

WAYAACAFCCAEECAEAA(ADEAPr.Re

/*

DhLx = AWA"TU,EAFCCA


A>GA

CA EE+A &TUA A EA ECC+A A A <A A A A A A A <EADA

<CAAFADCADAACAAEF+AAECACAAA6CAAAEAAAAFEAEACAA(CEADCA.AEAAEADCAAEECA A A EA CA EFCEA A CEA A DA DA 3FACAEEAECAEAACAACAE+AAECAA/ADECAADEAD4+ACAEAEAAACAAEECAAAEECAAECADEA(CADEABEAA"ATB$.KGUA"AAAEAAAADADECAADEADAAOAECA(EACAAEEAACAACAAFEACAEAACADEEAECAEEAAA(EA*EAEAACACADAACEAACEACCA

1 -AFCF

"ADAAEFAFCAFAEA((AADAAAAEAACAEEA*A((AADAACAECA(AAA3(AA(A4ACA EDDEEA CCA CA CA (CA A DEA DEA EDDA A CA ECA "A DA AEFAFCADCA#AECAEDACEA:9GA?A

=∆

2.4 2v

DhLfP ρ

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9G4A

WA ρ (kg/m34AAEAEACCACA(C+AA3Q4AAEAAACA(C+A&A34A

A A EA ECCA CA EE+A "A 34A A EA FCCA CA EEA A f A A ((A A

(A "A ((A A (A DA CA A A A 8A FA E+A AECAA f cAJQADCACAAA f cAECQADCACAEAT28H>UA&EAAEACAEF+A

ADCA#AECAACEAEAEACEATB$.KGUA?A

( )5432 2537.09564.07012.19467.13553.1124 ααααα −+−+−=f AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9@4A

WAsAAAEDDAAADAAAFEANACAEFA&EAAEA3AEDA::4+AAEDDAAFEAAAQAHAA f cCACQA

6E+A A DA A EFA FCA A A DEA A CA A A #A DA ADA :A A FEA A DA A EFA A ECA EA A DECA 3C+AA A EF4A EDDA DA A EFA FCA &EA A EA CA DA&:%A *+A A DEA A DCEA DCA #A CA A CA FA A EA ECACA A (CA "EA A EA A EECA EA DCA (EA CA EA A EA CADE+AA(CAECEACAADCAAEAAEECACECAEAAEADCA.+AA EA A EEA EDEFEA CA A A EA A A DEEFA CA (CA AA CA ECFEA A EA A "EA A CA EEA EA CA EFA *A CADA CAADAAEFAFCACAECAECADAAEFAFCAEA AEEA&EAAEA ADAAEFADCA#AAEA EA EA:9AHADDADEA:DAT:&8JHU?A

2².VP ρξ=∆ AAAEAAA

DhLf++= 00 .ξεξξ ϕ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9AH4A

WA ϕξ AA 00.ξε AAA((ADEAAECAADAAEFADAAA AA EA A CAEEA*A ((A A (A A CDEA AEECA A CAAAAADCA#A(AADEAEECA*DE+AACAAADEADADCAAAAA(CAACI+AEACAEAEADCDEAAAEAC+AACAAEEADEACAAAAACA.AEADA


A>@A

ADAA((AAAAAADAAEFAAEADEAEADCACAAADADEAEACAEAAEDA

"AAAEAAEAEA,ECCAAAD(AEAD+ACAEAEEADAAECEAACAD(EACA

, &CE%A FA CA A F FFAA!)E

&EA A DEEFEDA CA EA DA A A EECA CA CA A DAAAD(EACACADCA#ACAEAADA&:%A*A6CAEACADAEAEDEFAACEACCACACAEACAE(A A EA A CEA EECA "CA A A EA (A CA AD(A CA DA CA DCA A CA CA DA A EECA EEA ADECA ACA A EA EEA CA &:%A *A 3(FCA :9A4A &EA A C+A AEECAAA(AEAEC(ACAACAAEA

!

FACEACC$

==;

/

CC$A

5F:9AA/A7AAEADCABADEAA&:%A*A

"AAEAACAAACEA?A

• EAC(EAAEADCAAACA

• EAFCCAAEECAAFEAADECAAEADCAIHHdA

• A A A EECA A DEEA A EA EA A CA DA A CDEAC(EAEAAEADCQC(EAAEECACAAEEA?AAQE+AAQ@+AAQAJA

• AEAECCA3&4AAEECAAEEAAIHdAAEHHdA

• A(AFCAAEECAA?AE+AAAEFA3EACAEDDAAAQAHAAN4A

• EADCEADADEAEADCAAEHHVA

• EAAEADECACA(CAAAAEAACAEEAAIHZA

• A(CAA(AA*EACIA

• DECAACA(CAEHZA

8A EEA A DDA ,DCA CA *EA CIA 3A EDA :4A A ACEACEA3:9AA4+ACADCAECACCAAkcHCKAQAEAEAEA A EA E(A ECA CA DCEA <cEHHVA EA CA EA A EA DECA

QACA(CAf!cIHZA


AEHA

esTCpPQ∆

=..ρ

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9AA4A

WA ρ TDFQ>UAAEAEACCAA*DATQDFZUAAEAECAD(CACA(CA

, (FCCE%

8ACEAAEAAAEA(AEAADEEFEDADACAEAEA A A EECA EA DCA (A A A A ((A EFA

TVQCQZU+AEA((AADECAf!D(TZUAAEADEACA,CCAAA(CAA A DA A EFA f<T<EUA A (EEA EA ((A DEEA FCA A AEA ECC+A A A A EECA A DEEA 3A A ECA A DEF4+A EA(A FCA A EECA BA *EA A A CEA A A DA EA ADAEDA&EA ADEEFEDACACACAEAADCAAEA CAACA "A ((A EFA EA A ECA A CEA A A A 6CA A A CA(A ECA tCEA 3CA A CA EA CA A EA ECC4A "EAECA CA ((A EFA A A A DCA ECA EA CA ((A EFAA<CAAECAADAAEF+ACAADAAEFAFCAAADAADA

• EFEC"CCFFC%FCE

"EA (FCA :9CA DA EA EEA CA ((A EFA A (A CA EAECCAAEECAAIHdAAEHHdAAFEEAEA#ACDEAC(EAEAAEECQC(EAEAACAAAQEA*AEACDACACAECACA A((A EFA A DCA A DCA A EA ECCA DCA (EA *A CAEA+ADCAACAEEA3(EAAA4AA((AEFA A A DDA ECA EA ECCA CA EEA .+A CA AEAECCAECF+AA((AEFACA

20 40 60 80 1004 103×

6 103×

8 103×

1 104×

1.2 104×

1.4 104×

=;

==;

1==;

>==;

BCFEF :F<

:D@1@E<

=;

==;

1==;

>==;

A

5F:9CA/A*((AEFAA(AAEADECACA(CADCA((AEAECCAEAEA#ACDEA3CI]4A

'ADCAECACAEA(FCA:9CACAA((AEFACAEAEAAEA DECACA(CA"EA EADCAEAA EACAA EACA CACA(CA EA ECFEA A EA DECA "A ((A EFA EA A


AEAA

DDA A EA CA CA CA (C+A A CA ECA EA EA A EADECA

"AEFACADEAAA(ADEACA((AEFAEA ECA A EA C(EA EFA /A EA C(EA A DEA A EECA A EA EA A(CA .A DCA A #A ECA CDEA A EECA CA A EA ECCAECFAEAC(EAEFACA3DEADADCACACDEAACI]AACAEAECCAAIHdAEAC(EAEFAECAAHCAEACADCAEA#ACDEAADCACA EA ECCA A AHHdA EA C(EA EFA A IC4A .A EA CA A EAC(EA EFA A EA CA CA ((A EFA CEA A ECFEA CAEAECCAAACAECADCAEADECAAEADEA"EA(FCA:9>ADAEA((AADECAAEADEAAA(CADCA((AEAECCA

20 40 60 80 1000

200

400

600

800

))

BCFEF :F<

B:E<

>==;

1==;

==;

=;

=;

==;

1==;

>==;

A

5F:9>A/A&((AADECADEQ(CAA(AAEADECACA(CADCA((AEAECCAEAEA#ACDEA3CI]4A

'ADCAACAEA(FCA:9>ACADEAAEAECCACDCAAAHHd+AEADECAAEADCAACDCAAEADECAEEAEADEAADEA,CCA A CA .A A A CA EA ECCA A EECA FAEA CA DCA A CA A CA A EA EEA CA &:%A *A A #A A A AECA(CAAAHHdA

"EA(FCA:9EADAADAAEFAEAA#AEACA"ADAAEFAEAADDAECAEAECCAAAECEADCA(EACAAEA ECCA A FEA :A A EA A ECA CA A (FCA EA (ADEA A DA A EFA A EA DECA CA (CA*A CA EA AEA A EDA :+A EA (EA A ECA CA *ECIA EA CA A A DCA AAAA(CAEAAEDDEA6CADCAECACAEA(FCA:9EAC+ADCAEADECA ECF+A DCA A DA A EFA CA *EA A OA ECA (EA CA EA AECA CA EA ECFEA A EA DECA /A DCA A EA ECCA AIHdAADAAEFAAAED<EADCACHj*AACACCLACD<EAAEHj*A


AECA

20 40 60 80 1000

1 103×

2 103×

3 103×

4 103×

5 103×

BCFEF :F<

-:-C<

=;

==;

1==;

>==;

=;

==;

1==;

>==;

A

5F:9EA/A<AAEFAA(AAEADECACA(CADCA((AEAECCAEAEA#ACDEA3CI]4A

• EFEC

&EAADEEFED+ACAEACA AECACACA AD(EACADA A (A &:%A *A A EA ((A (A FCA AEECA/AEAANAIHd+AAAEAIHdAAEFAEAANAAIHdAAIHHdAEAEA#ACDEAEACAAAEA

"EA(FCA:9IAACACA((AEFAA(AAEADECACA(CAEAAAEAADCAECA6CAECACAA((AEFACAEAAEACAAADCAADCAAEECACEAA

20 35 50 65 801 104×

1.1 104×

1.2 104×

1.3 104×

1.4 104×

C =;

E =;

CE=@==;

BCFEF :F<

:D@1@E<

CE

E

C

A

5F:9IA/A*((AEFAA(AAEADECACA(CADCA((A(AFCAAEECAEAEA#ACDEA3CI]4A

8AACAAEAEEAAEA((AADECADEQ(CAEAAAEAAAADACAEA(FCA:9JA"EA((AECAECAAEADECAEAAAEAACAAEA((AECAECACA((AEFAA


AE>A

20 40 60 80 10020

32.5

45

57.5

70

BCFEF :F<

CE

E

C

C =;

E =;

CE=@==;

B:E<

A

5F:9JA/A&((AADECADEQ(CAA(AAEADECACA(CADCA((A(AFCAAEECAEAEA#ACDEA3CI]4A

8(AEA(FCA:9KADAADAAEFADCAAEECAE+AAAEFA"AEAECCAEAAEAAEECAEFCEAEADCACA(ADCAFEACAEAAECAE+AADAAEFAAADCA(EA

20 40 60 80 1000

1 103×

2 103×

3 103×

4 103×

5 103×

-:-C<

BCFEF :F<

C =;

E =;

CE=@==;

CE

E

C

5F:9KA/A<AAEFAA(AAEADECACA(CADCA((A(A

FCAAEECAEAEA#ACDEA3CI]4A

,1 /ECA A

*ACAEACAEAAAEEC+AAAAEECAEAAEAECCA(EACADAAD(EACAADCAEA*ADCAA EA CA CA EA A A CA CCA ECA EECA EA EA CAEA ECCA A IHdA A CA CDEA A AQEA "CA EA A EA EA A FA5!$8%A A FA DEA *EA A CEA CA A #A DA EA ADEEFEDAACACAEFAACAEAA5EA"CAT"82AHUAA

&EAACACACDDACA EAACA(CAA CAEAECAEEA.AEAFAADCA#AD(AADACAEA(FCA:9GA8ADEAADAAACAEACACAEAACAuACAEEAA


AEEA

$

%H

/

/EF

(EF

==;

ECE

1; 1;

5F:9GA/A7AAEA5!$8%A3AQEACAEE4A

"AAECAADCAACEAAACE?A

• EADECACA(CAAACAEEAAA?A!cEHj*+A

• EADECACA(CAAEAA!ACAEEAAECADEAACEC+AA

• CAAECAC(EAAEEEC+A

• EADCEADAAEHHVAAC(ADEAEAAC+A

• EADAAEAACA(CACAEEAAH<E+A

• EAAACA(CAAACAEEAAC(AADEEAAEA;AEAAACADEAA(A3(FCA:9G4+A

• A DDA CA (CA (A EA A CEA A DA DCA CA

DEC?A2

sefluide

TTT

+= A

"AACAEAAAAAA?AA

• ADAAEFAECADEAACEC+A

• EADECAAAEADEA(ACEAAA;AEA?A

+=mm l

mm

l

mm

p dyzylTl

dxzlxTl

zT00

),,(1),,(1)( AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9AC4A

• A((AEFAAAAFAAEA;AEAEAEACEA?A

( ))()()()(zTzT

zzhfp −

= ϕAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9A>4A


AEIA

WAAAAAAAAAAA ( ) ( ) ⋅+⋅=mm l

mm

l

mm

dyxzyll

dxyzlxl

z00

),,(1),,(1)( ϕϕϕ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9AE4A

AEAACA(CAAECAAEAAEADEAAA

=

S

Sf dxdyzyxv

dxdyzyxvzyxTzT

),,(

),,(),,()( AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA3:9AI4A

A EA DECA A EFA CA (CA"EAFECA A DA EA EAA DEA CAEEACEA AAACAA!3+A+A;4AA3+A+A;4A A DA EA DECAA EAACA(CACEAAA+AAA;A

*AEAAEAAAEEC+ACAEA(AEADCEADAAEHHVAAEA A EA DECA QA CA (CA A IH_*A .A EA ((A A AEEC+A AACAEA5!$8%ACADAADAADA A((AACAAD(EACADA&:%A*AA

"EA(FCACEAACACA((AEFAAFACAEEA*ACAEAA+ACAAEEEFACADA&:%A*AAEA(EAFCCAA EECA EA CA CA A CA A EA A EA A E(A AECAACACAEAAEAAEECADCAFAEAA#AEAECCAA

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35 0,4 0,45 0,5

distance de l'entrée du fluide z (mm)

h (W

/m2/

K)

50µm canal

5F:9@A/A8CACA((AEFAAFACAEEA3EAECCA

IHdACDEAAQE4A

'ADCAECACAEA(FCA:9@ACAA((AEFAAEEAAACAEEA 3A A CA (4A A CA EA ECA CA A EDDEA EA +A EAC(ACDCAAGHHHVQCAQZAA

"ADAAEFAAFACAEEAEAAEAADACAEA(FCA:9AHA"CAECA A E;A (E+A CA CD<E+A A CA CA A EA A CA A CACAAECAEA


AEJA

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5Distance de l'entrée du fluide z (mm)

Pres

sion

P (P

a)

50µm canal

5F:9AHA/A<AAEFAAFACAEEA3EAECCAIHdA

CDEAAQE4A

• CFECCFCAEA6F

*AAEAAEDA:ACAAEEEFACADA&:%A*AACAEACA A EA DECA EA A ,CCA A A FA .(A A (A AED+A EA (FCA CEA DA CA A EA DECA A FA A A FA "A3ccCId4AA+A"CA3cc>Id4AA">A3ccEId4ADAAAAEA(FCA:9AAAA*AA DCA A A CA EA (FCA A FEC+A DCA CA A ;A +A A A CADA DE(E+A A DA A EA ;A A DA A A CA (C+A A EADECAEAACAAAFA"EAEEAAEADECACACAAAA EAACA(CAEA AEEAAECAE;A(EA3(CAAIj*AEAAD4A

107

108,5

110

111,5

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5

Distance de l'entrée du fluide z(mm)

Tem

pera

ture

T (°

C)

L1L2L3

/

1,

==;

$

%H1; 1;

/

1,

==;

$

%H1; 1;

5F:9AAA/ADEAAEADECAEAA,CCA

6E+A EA A A EA +A CA A CA EA DCEA DA AC(A EA CA EA EA A A DCEA A CCA A ECA ECA A EAAAC(EACADEA.A AA EAEEA(CAAEADEACA(CAAECADACAEADECAEAA,CCA"EA(FCA:9ACADACA DEEA A EA DECA A A EA DEA A FA A EA ;A EA A EA((A &EA A DA EA 3CA CF4+A EA CA A EA DCEA A FA


AEKA

&EAACA3CAC4+ACAA(CAADAEACAFAAIHdADECAAACA(CA<CA A AEA3CA4+ACAFEAEA#AEEAA EADEA EA A A A CA A A "EACA A DEA A CAEAA EAACAEEA

H H+A H+C H+> H+E H+IAHH

AHI

AAH

AAI

ACHECEACFEC

AACFAA

AAFAE

FEF

B:F<

!ACFEA FEF H:<

AACFAA

C

A

5F:9ACA/A8CAAEADECAAFAAEADEACAEEADCADCCACAADCEADA

.AECAAEA(ACACACACAEADECAAFAAEADEAAA DCA ((A EA A A EA 6CA DCA C(A ECA C+A EA A EA AAADAAAC(EACADE+AAEFACAAACACA (CA CA DEA A FEA ((A ECA ECA A EA DECA EEA A(ACAD(A#AACAACAEADEAAEADECAADCAC(AEAAEAWAEADEAA((CACANAAACA(CA*EAAAFAAADCAEA(CCADEACADA&:%A*A

6A CA A A CA EA A DEEFEDA EA D(A EA A A DEA DEA ADAA((AAAAACA(CAEAAEECACAECAAAAEFAACA*ACAEAADCAECAEAAED+AAFCEAAEAACACAEAECA(EAADAAEFA8AAECACACACAAEADECAAEADCADCCAEAC(EAEFAEADCAFEA*ACAADAEAADEEFEDACEA

• -AFAAFA

.(AADADAA((AAAA+A EAFACAEAA(AADACAEA(FCA:9A>A"EAFAEAEAADFACEAEA;AE(AADA A A EA A CA (CA EA A EEA "A A ECA A ACEAEAAEAAA#AAEAAEAFEADADA


AEGA

$

%H

1;

FA

:=#=#=<

==;

1;

6

==;

==;

/

5F:9A>A/A"EAFACAEA((AAAAACA(CAEAAEEA

"EA DEEA CA EA DEA A EA DECA A FA CA EEA A A DA AEFAEAAEAEAAEA((AAADACAEA(FCA:9AEA"EADECAA A CCA FA DCA (EA CA DAA DA A ((A A "A DA AEFAAECAFADCAAEAAEAEA((AA

102

106

110

114

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5

!ACFENFEFH:<

B

CB:M<

sans effets d'entréeavec effets d'entrée

0

1000

2000

3000

0,5 0,8 1,1

Distance de l'entrée du fluide z (mm)

Pres

sion

P (P

a)

sans effets d'entrée

avec effets d'entrée

a) b) 5F:9AEA/A*CAA((AACAE4AEADEAAEADECAAFAAEA

DEACAEEAA4AADAAEFA

&EA A DA EA DA A DA A ((A A CA DEA A CADEAECAECAADAAEFAAAEADECACA,CCA!C(+AA((AAAADEA#AFFACCAA EA FCCAAEECAA(EAADEADAAAEFAEDDEACADA&:%A*ADCAADEA,CCAADCEAACEAEA

,, CCAFAAECAFEAFCCE% FAFEA A

"A EECA ::A A CA EDCE(A A CEA CA 3A ((A EFA %OD@1@EP#ADAAEFAQ-O-CP#EADECAAAEADEB3%OMP#EA((AADECAAEADECAAAEADEAAEADECAACA(CA QB3COEP# EA EA CA OE@DP4A A CA EECA A A ACCAEA AEACADEAADCEAEA&:%A*A/AEECAEAAEAECCAIHdAEA((ACDEA"EADCEADAEAEHHVAAEAAEADECACA(CAIH_*A3AEAAHCKAQ4AEADECAACA(CAAEH_*A


AE@A

TABLEAU II: COMPARAISON DES MODELES ANALYTIQUES ET NUMERIQUES

KC )FE %OD@1@EP Q-O-CP B3%OMP QB3COEP OE@DP

EECA A+CAHEA CCEA AHEA JEA HAJA

CCA @AH>AAA CHGA AAHA KHA AHAGA

@>

(R 1 . * *

EECA A+IAHEA IAA ACGA GGA HCCA

CCA AHIAHEA EKA AEEA AHEA HCJA

@*

(R ,, ?

EECA A+KAHE G@A AJAA ACAA H>A

CCA ACAHEA GCA AK@A A>@A H>IA

@+

(RA 1* ? , ,

"ACEACAACAAAE;A(AAADCAAACAAEECA:A"EADCAFEACACAAEACA((AEFA8A((+ACAEAAAA>H]AAA*AAADEAAEADCCAAEAAAFEAE;ADAAACAAAACI]AAA(EAEFEA"AECAADAAEFAEA ACAEAEAA((CAADEAADA A((AAAAACA(CAEAAEECA"CAEAAEAAE;A(EA3iAH]4A*EAACA AEAA A(CEADCACADCA CAEECAAE;ADA8AACAA EAEAC+A CAA ACAAA ECA E;A (EA 8(+A A EA CA EA A A EA A A ECA E;A(EA A CA A #A CA DA &:%A *A /A CA A A DA A AEHHVQCA DCA #A ECA DCA CA DECA A A EA DEA A AAH_*A EADACADDAEAAEECAEAAEAECCAIHdACDEAAAQEAA

> 'CEFC $CE FA CA A F FFAA!)E

"EA EEEA CA CA DA &:%A *A A CA DEA A CA ADA A EFA A ECA DEA A CA EA DECA CA DEA DEA AEECAE(AACAEAEACA&EACADAD+ACAEA[CAA EACADAEAAEEEAADEACA EADEAECCA/ACAA DA A EFA A (A CA A BCA ECA CEA CA A A DADACACAACADACAEAEAACAACAEA CA EA A CA ECCA EA FEA ((CA A FE;EFA CA (CA E(AAEACAEAAA*AEDAEAADAADAAAEADAAEAEEA CA CA EA A EEEA C+A A (+A DEA ECA EA DEACA"EADAAAEAAEEEADAEACAACEACAAADAAAAEAADEEFEDACEA

A

A


AIHA

> -ACFDCFCCAC$CE

"EA (FCA :9AIA A CA DFEDA CA EA A EEEA DEA ADEAEA&:%A*AA

A

A"

C

FD

CFAA

"AEC2 "F

ACAAA

C"!)E

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Nouveaux concepts pour l’int egration 3D et le ... · M. Henri SCHNEIDER Maître de conférences,...

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Transcript of Nouveaux concepts pour l’int egration 3D et le ... · M. Henri SCHNEIDER Maître de conférences,...