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TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I

1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE LESSON 1

1.2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 1

1.2.1 Background 1

1.2.2 Organization of Project 6

1.2.2.1 RESEARCH TEAM 6

1.2.3 Project Schedule 9

1.2.4 Project Objectives 11

1.3 SUMMARY OF RELIABILITY CONSIDERATION 14

1.3.1 Overview of a Probability-Based Specification 14

1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE CALIBRATION PROCESS 24

1.4.1 Outline of the Calibration Process 24

1.4.2 Development of a Sample Bridge Database 241.4.3 Extraction of Load Effects 28

1.4.4 Development of the Simulated Bridge Set 29

1.4.5 Calculated Reliability Indices and Selection of Target Value 29

1.4.6 Load and Resistance Factors 30

1.4.6.1 LOAD FACTORS 30

1.4.6.2 RESISTANCE FACTORS 32

1.4.6.3 RECOMMENDED LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTORS 33

REFERENCES 37


2.2 LOCATION FEATURES 1

2.3 FOUNDATION INVESTIGATIONS 2

2.4 DESIGN OBJECTIVES 2

2.4.1 Safety 3

2.4.1.1 LIMIT STATES 3

Service Limit States 3

Fatigue and Fracture Limit States 3

Strength Limit States 3

Extreme Event Limit States 3

Limit States Design Equation 4

Ductility 4

Redundancy 6Operational Importance 7

2.4.1.2 LOAD FACTORS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS 7

2.4.2 Serviceability 11

2.4.3 Constructibility 13

2.4.4 Bridge Aesthetics 13

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

2.4.5 Hydrology and Hydraulics 13


3.2 DEVELOPMENT OF LRFD LIVE LOAD MODEL 1

3.2.1 Background 1

3.2.2 Selection of a Basis for Developing a Model 3

3.2.3 Candidate Notional Loads 11

3.2.4 Statistical Basis of Live Load Model 22

3.2.4.1 INTRODUCTION 22

3.2.4.2 TRUCK SURVEY DATA 23

3.2.4.3 MEAN MAXIMUM TRUCK MOMENTS AND SHEARS 23

3.2.4.4 ONE-LANE MOMENTS AND SHEARS 32

3.2.4.5 GIRDER DISTRIBUTION FACTORS 39

3.2.4.6 TWO-LANE MOMENTS AND SHEARS 42

3.3 LIVE LOADS 43

3.3.1 Notional Live Load Model 43

3.3.2 Multiple Presence of Live Load 443.3.3 Application of Design Vehicular Live Loads 45

3.3.4 Fatigue Requirements 46

3.3.5 Tire Pressure 46

3.3.6 Live Load Deflection Criteria 47

3.3.7 Dynamic Load Allowance 47

3.3.8 Miscellaneous Live Loads 54

QUIZ 1

WORK PERIOD #1: Live Loads on Multi-Span Bridges


4.2 ICE LOADS 1

4.2.1 General 1

4.2.2 Design for Ice 2

4.2.3 Static Ice Loads on Piers 4

4.2.4 Hanging Dams and Ice Jams 4

4.2.5 Vertical Forces due to Ice Adhesion 4

4.2.6 Ice Accretion and Snow Loads on Superstructures 5

4.3 EARTH LOADS 6

4.3.1 General 6

4.3.2 Compaction 12

4.3.3 Earth Pressure 14

4.3.3.1 AT-REST PRESSURE COEFFICIENT, ko 15

4.3.3.2 ACTIVE PRESSURE COEFFICIENT, ka 164.3.3.3 EQUIVALENT FLUID PRESSURE 22

4.3.4 Presence of Water 23

4.3.5 Surcharge 24

4.3.6 Effect of Earthquake 26

4.3.7 Reduction due to Earth Pressure 29

4.3.8 Downdrag 30

4.3.9 Design of a Cantilever Retaining Wall 30

Solution: 31

Step 1: Calculate the Unfactored Loads with q = 1.0 31

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Step 2: Determine the Appropriate Load Factors 36

Step 3: Calculate the Factored Loads 37

REFERENCES 39


5.2 FORCE EFFECTS DUE TO SUPERIMPOSED DEFORMATIONS 1

5.2.1 Uniform Temperature 1

5.2.2 Temperature Gradient 2

5.2.3 Differential Shrinkage 8

5.2.4 Creep 8

5.2.5 Settlement 9

5.3 OTHER LIVE LOAD EFFECTS 9

5.3.1 General 9

5.3.2 Centrifugal Force 9

5.3.3 Braking Force 9

5.3.4 Vehicular Collision Forces 10

5.4 WATER LOADS 10

5.5 WIND LOADS 11

5.5.1 General Wind Provisions 11

5.5.2 Vertical Wind Pressure 13

5.5.3 Aeroelastic Stability 13

REFERENCES 19


6.2 ACCEPTABLE METHODS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 1

6.3 PRINCIPLES OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING 2

6.3.1 Structural Material Behavior 2

6.3.2 Geometry 3

6.3.2.1 GENERAL 3

6.3.2.2 APPROXIMATE METHODS 4

6.3.2.3 REFINED METHODS 5

6.3.3 Modeling Boundary Conditions 5

6.4 STATIC ANALYSIS 6

6.4.1 The Influence of Plan Geometry 6

6.4.2 Approximate Methods for Load Distribution 7

6.4.2.1 DECK SLABS AND SLAB-TYPE BRIDGES 7

6.4.2.2 BEAM SLAB BRIDGES 76.4.2.2.1 General 7

6.4.2:2.2 Influence of Truck Configuration 11

6.4.2.2.3 Findings 12

Level 3 Methods: Detailed Bridge Deck Analysis 12

Level 2 Methods: Graphical and Simple Computer-

Based Analysis 12

Level 1 Methods: Simplified formulas 13

6.4.2.2.3a Simplified Formulas for Beam-and-Slab

Bridges 13

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Moment Distribution to Interior Girders, Multi-Lane

Loading 16

Moment Distribution to Exterior Girders, Multi-Lane

Loading 17

Moment Distribution to Interior Girders, Single-Lane

Loading 18

Moment Distribution to Exterior Girders 19

Shear Distribution 19

Correction for Skew Effects 20

6.4.2.2.3b Simplified Formulas for Box Girder

Bridges 22

Moment Distribution to Interior Girders 22




6.4.2.2.3c Simplified Formulas for Slab Bridges 24

Moment Distribution, Multi-Lane Loading 25

Moment Distribution, Single-Lane Loading 25Correction for Skew Effects 25

6.4.2.2.3d Simplified Formulas for Multi-Beam

Decks which are Sufficiently Interconnected to

Act as a Unit 25

Moment Distribution to Interior Girders, Mufti-Lane

Loading 26

Moment Distribution to Interior Girders, Single-Lane

Loading 27




6.4.2.2.3e Simplified Formulas for Multi-Beam

Decks which are not Sufficiently

Interconnected to Act as a Unit 29

6.4.2.2.3f Simplified Formulas for Spread Box Beam

Bridges 30

Moment Distribution to Interior Beams, Multi-Lane

Loading 30

Moment Distribution to Interior Beams, Single-Lane

Loading 31




6.4.2.2.3g Response of Continuous Bridges 32

6.4.2.3 TRUSS AND ARCH BRIDGES 33

6.4.2.3.1 General 33

6.5 REFINED METHODS 34

6.5.1 Deck Slabs 34

6.5.2 Beam Slab Bridges 34

6.5.3 Example of Modeling Errors 35

6.5.4 Other Types of Bridges 40

REFERENCES 42

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7.1 MULTI-GIRDER BRIDGE 1

7.2 LIVE LOAD DISTRIBUTION FACTOR FOR A TRUSS 12


8.2 EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTOR 1

8.3 EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH 3

8.4 OVERVIEW OF EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS 3

8.4.1 Background Information on the Development of the Seismic

Specifications 3

8.4.2 General Provisions 4

8.4.2.1 OBJECTIVE AND PRINCIPLES 4

8.4.2.2 APPLICABILITY 5

8.4.2.3 PRELIMINARY PLANNING AND DESIGN 58.4.2.4 FLOW CHART FOR SEISMIC DESIGN 5

8.4.3 Earthquake Design Loads (Article 3.10) 6

8.4.3.1 ELASTIC SEISMIC RESPONSE COEFFICIENT 6

8.4.3.2 FACTORS AFFECTING SEISMIC LOADS 8

8.4.3.2.1 Acceleration Coefficient 8

8.4.3.2.2 Seismic Performance Zones

8.4.3.2.3 Bridge Importance Categories 9

8.4.3.2.4 Site Effects 10

8.4.3.2.4a Site Coefficient 10

8.4.3.2.4b Soil Profile Types 10

8.4.3.3 RESPONSE MODIFICATION FACTORS 11

8.4.3.3.1 General 11

8.4.3.3.2 Values 12

8.4.3.3.3 Application 13

8.4.3.4 COMBINATION OF SEISMIC FORCE EFFECTS 13

8.4.3.5 CALCULATION OF DESIGN FORCES 14

8.4.3.5.1 General 14

8.4.3.5.2 Requirements for Seismic Zone 1 15

8.4.3.5.3 Seismic Zone 2 16

8.4.3.5.4 Seismic Zones 3 and 4 16

8.4.3.5.5 Longitudinal Restrainers 17

8.4.3.5.6 Hold-Down Devices 17

8.4.4 Analysis of Earthquake Loads (Specification

Article 4.7.4) 18

8.4.4.1 MINIMUM ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS 18

8.4.4.2 ANALYSIS METHODS FOR MULTI-SPAN BRIDGES 20

8.4.4.2.1 Single Mode Elastic Methods of Analysis 208.4.4.2.2 Multi-Mode Spectral Method 23

8.4.4.2.3 Time-History Method 24

8.4.4.3 MINIMUM DISPLACEMENT REQUIREMENTS 24

APPENDIX A

Acceleration Coefficient Maps

9.1 OBJECTIVE 1

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9.2 INTRODUCTION 1

9.3 LIMIT STATES 1

9.3.1 Service Limit State 1

9.3.2 Fatigue Limit State 2

9.3.3 Strength Limit State 4

9.3.4 Extreme Event Limit State 5

9.4 FLEXURE 5

9.4.1 Limits of Reinforcement 5

9.4.1.1 MAXIMUM REINFORCEMENT 5

9.4.1.2 MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT 6

9.4.2 Stress in Prestressing Steel at Nominal Flexural Resistance 7

9.4.2.1 COMPONENTS WITH BONDED TENDONS 7

9.4.2.2 COMPONENTS WITH UNBONDED TENDONS 8

9.4.3 Flexural Resistance 9

9.4.4 Crack Control 11

9.5 STRUT-AND-TIE MODEL 11

9.5.1 Structural Modeling 11

9.5.2 Proportioning Compressive Struts 12

9.5.2.1 STRENGTH OF STRUTS 12

9.5.2.2 EFFECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF STRUTS 12

9.5.2.3 LIMITING COMPRESSIVE STRESS IN STRUTS 13

9.5.3 Proportioning Tension Ties 14

9.5.3.1 STRENGTH OF TIES 14

9.5.3.2 ANCHORAGE OF TIES 15

9.5.4 Proportioning Node Regions 15

9.5.5 Crack Control Reinforcement 16

9.6 PRESTRESSING 16

9.6.1 Introduction 16

9.6.2 Stress Limitations for Prestressing Tendons 17

9.6.3 Stress Limitations for Concrete 19

9.6.4 Loss of Prestress 19

9.6.4.1 GENERAL 19

9.6.4.2 INSTANTANEOUS LOSSES 21

9.6.4.2.1 Anchorage Set 21

9.6.4.2.2 Friction 21

9.6.4.2.3 Elastic Shortening 24

9.6.4.3 TIME-DEPENDENT LOSSES 25

9.6.4.3.1 Simplified Lump Sum Estimate 25

9.6.4.3.2 Refined Itemized Estimate 26

9.6.4.3.2a Shrinkage 26

9.6.4.3.2b Creep 279.6.4.3.2c Relaxation 28

9.6.4.3.3 Rigorous Analysis 29

9.7 SHEAR AND TORSION 29

9.7.1 Introduction 29

9.7.2 Sectional Model 30

9.7.2.1 MODIFIED COMPRESSION FIELD THEORY 30

9.7.2.2 NOMINAL SHEAR RESISTANCE 31

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9.7.2.2.1 General 31

9.7.2.2.2 Simplified Procedure for Non-prestressed

Sections 32

9.7.2.2.3 General Procedure 33

9.7.2.3 LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT 37

9.8 DURABILITY 37

9.9 DESIGN EXAMPLE - PRESTRESS CONCRETE 12BEAM 38

10.1 OBJECTIVE 1

10.2 SPECIFIC PROVISIONS FOR VARIOUS TYPE OF STRUCTURES 1

10.2.1 Beams and Girders 1

10.2.2 Segmental Construction 7

10.2.3 Arches 21

10.2.4 Slab Superstructures 23

10.2.4.1 CAST-IN-PLACE SOLID SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURES 24

10.2.4.2 CAST-IN-PLACE VOIDED SLAB SUPERSTRUCTURE 24

10.2.4.3 PRECAST DECK BRIDGES 2710.2.5 Culverts 29

10.3 SPECIFIC MEMBERS 30

10.3.1 Deep Members 30

General 30

Diaphragms 30

Brackets and Corbels 31

Beam Ledges 31

10.3.2 Footings 37

10.3.3 Piles 40

10.3.4 Provisions for Structure Types 42

Beam and Girder Bridges 42


11.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 1

11.2.1 Interface Action 1

11.2.2 Deck Drainage 2

11.2.3 Concrete Appurtenances 2

11.2.4 Edge Supports 2

11.2.5 Stay-in-Place Formwork for Overhangs 3

11.3 LIMIT STATES 3

11.3.1 Service Limit State 3

11.3.2 Fatigue and Fracture Limit State 3

11.3.3 Strength Limit States 4

11.3.4 Extreme Event Limit States 4

11.4 ANALYSIS 4

11.4.1 Approximate Methods of Analysis 4

11.4.2 Refined Methods of Analysis 12

11.4.3 Analysis of Cantilever Slabs 12

11.5 DESIGN OF CONCRETE DECK SLABS 13

11.5.1 General Design Requirements 13

11.5.2 Design of Stay-in-Place Formwork 14

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11.5.3 Provisions for Precast Deck Slabs 16

11.5.4 Cast-In-Place Concrete Deck Design Example Conventional

Design 16

11.5.5 Cast-in-Place Concrete Deck Design Example - Empirical Method 40

11.6 OVERVIEW OF METAL DECKS 41

11.6.1 Metal Grid Decks 41

11.6.2 Orthotropic Steel Decks 43

11.7 OVERVIEW OF WOOD DECKS AND DECK SYSTEMS 44

11.7.1 Design requirements 44

11.7.2 Glued-Laminated Decks 45

11.7.3 Stress-Laminated Decks 46

11.7.4 Spike-Laminated Decks 48

11.7.5 Plank Decks 50

11.7.6 Wearing Surfaces for Wood Decks 50

VOLUME II

12.1 OBJECTIVE 1

12.2 NEW PROVISIONS IN LRFD SPECIFICATION NOT CONTAINED IN LFD SPECIFICATION 1

12.2.1 Deflection Limitations 1

12.2.2 Fatigue 2

12.2.2.1 GENERAL 2

12.2.2.2 FATIGUE LOAD 3

12.2.2.3 FATIGUE RESISTANCE 6

12.2.2.4 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR GIRDER WEBS 7

12.2.3 Resistance Factors 9

12.2.4 Diaphragm Spacing 10

12.2.5 Pins 10

12.3 TENSILE RESISTANCE 10

12.4 COMPRESSIVE RESISTANCE 14

12.5 NON-COMPOSITE COMPRESSION MEMBERS 15

12.6 COMPOSITE COMPRESSION MEMBERS 18

12.7 I-SECTIONS IN FLEXURE 18

12.7.1 General 18

12.7.2 Compact Composite Sections 22

12.7.3 Non-Compact Composite Sections 29

Hybrid Factor 31Load Shedding Factors, Rb for Compression Flanges 34

Lateral-Torsional Buckling 36

12.7.4 Compact Non-Composite Sections 38

12.7.5 Non-Compact Non-Composite Sections 39

12.7.6 Shear Resistance 41

12.7.6.1 GENERAL 41

12.7.6.2 UNSTIFFENED WEBS 42

12.7.6.3 STIFFENED WEBS 43

12.7.7 Stiffeners 48

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12.7.7.1 TRANSVERSE INTERMEDIATE STIFFENERS 48

12.7.7.2 BEARING STIFFENERS 51

12.7.7.3 LONGITUDINAL STIFFENERS 53

12.7.8 Constructibility 55

12.7.9 Inelastic Analysis Procedures 55

12.7.10 Steel Plate Girder Design Example 55

12.7.10.1 BRIDGE DESCRIPTION 55

12.7.10.2 ASSUMPTIONS 57

12.7.10.3 LIVE LOAD VEHICLES 57

12.7.10.4 PLATE SIZES 57

12.7.10.5 SECTION PROPERTIES 59

12.7.10.6 DISTRIBUTION FACTORS 60

12.7.10.7 GENERAL LOAD FACTORS,' (Articles S1.3.3, 51.3.4,

S1.3.5) 61

12.7.10.8 LOAD CALCULATIONS (Permanent and Live) 61

12.7.10.9 LIVE LOAD DEFLECTION (Article 52.5.2.6) 65

12.7.10.10 SPECIFICATION CHECKS 6612.7.10.10.1 Specification Check: Flexure 66

12.7.10.10.2 Specification Check: Shear 81

12.7.10.10.3 Specification Check: Fatigue 86

12.7.10.10.4 Specification Check: Shear Connectors 91

12.7.10.10.5 Specification Check: Transverse Stiffener

Details 99

12.7.10.10.6 Specification Check: Wind Loads 104

REFERENCES 109

QUIZ 2

13.1 GENERAL 1

13.2 FACTORED RESISTANCE 2

13.2.1 General 2

13.2.2 Slip Resistance 3

13.2.3 Shear Resistance 7

13.2.4 Bearing Resistance 8

13.2.5 Tensile Resistance 10

13.2.6 Resistance to Combined Shear and Tension 11

13.3 BOLTED SPLICE DESIGN EXAMPLE 12

14.1 OBJECTIVE OF LESSON 1

14.2 SPREAD FOOTING FOUNDATION DESIGN 114.2.1 General Design Considerations 1

14.2.2 Design Procedure 2

14.2.3 Movement and Bearing Pressure at Service Limit State 4

14.2.3.1 ANALYSIS OF FOOTING MOVEMENTS 4

14.2.3.2 MOVEMENT CRITERIA 6

14.2.4 Bearing and Sliding Resistance at the Strength Limit State 7


14.2.4.2 BEARING RESISTANCE 8

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14.2.4.3 LOAD ECCENTRICITY 16

14.2.4.4 SLIDING RESISTANCE 18

14.3 DRIVEN PILE FOUNDATIONS DESIGN 20

14.3.1 General Design Considerations 20


14.3.3 Movement at the Service Limit State 22

14.3.3.1 ANALYSIS OF PILE DISPLACEMENTS 22

14.3.3.2 TOLERABLE MOVEMENT CRITERIA 25

14.3.4 Resistance at the Strength Limit State 25


14.3.4.2 AXIAL LOADING 26

14.3.4.3 LATERAL LOADING 30

14.3.4.4 BATTER PILES 31

14.3.4.5 GROUP BEHAVIOR 31

14.3.4.6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 33

REFERENCES 35

15.1 OBJECTIVE OF LESSON 1

15.2 CONVENTIONAL RETAINING WALL AND ABUTMENT DESIGN 1




15.2.3.1 ANALYSIS OF WALL DISPLACEMENTS 3




15.2.4.2 LOAD FACTORS 5

15.2.4.3 OVERALL STABILITY 6

15.2.4.4 LOCATION OF RESULTANT FORCE 6

15.2.4.5 BEARING RESISTANCE 7

15.2.4.6 SLIDING RESISTANCE 7

15.2.4.7 CONTINUATION OF RETAINING WALL DESIGN

EXAMPLE 7

15.2.4.8 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 15

15.3 ANCHORED RETAINING WALL DESIGN 16




15.3.3.1 ANALYSIS OF WALL DISPLACEMENTS 1915.3.3.2 TOLERABLE MOVEMENT CRITERIA 20



15.3.4.2 ANCHOR PULLOUT 21

15.3.4.3 PASSIVE AND BEARING RESISTANCE 24

15.3.4.4 STRUCTURAL RESISTANCE OF VERTICAL WALL

ELEMENTS 24

15.3.4.5 FACING ELEMENTS 25

15.3.4.6 OVERALL STABILITY 26

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15.4 MECHANICALLY-STABILIZED EARTH RETAINING WALLS 26




15.4.3.1 ANALYSIS OF WALL DISPLACEMENTS 30




15.4.4.2 SAFETY AGAINST SOIL FAILURE 32

15.4.4.3 INTERNAL STABILITY OF REINFORCEMENTS 34

Inextensible Reinforcements 34

Extensible Reinforcements 36

15.4.4.4 PULLOUT OF REINFORCING ELEMENTS 37

15.4.4.5 DESIGN LIFE 39

15.4.4.6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF FACE PANEL 41

15.4.5 Example Problem - Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Wall 42

REFERENCES 63

WORK PERIOD #2 - CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS


16.2 OVERVIEW OF RAILING SYSTEMS 1

16.2.1 Traffic Railing 1

16.2.1.1 RAILING SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS 1

16.2.1.2 PERFORMANCE LEVEL SELECTION CRITERIA 2

16.2.1.3 RAILING DESIGN 3

16.2.2 Pedestrian Railing 17

16.2.3 Bicycle Railings 18

16.2.4 Combination Railings 18

16.2.5 Curbs and Sidewalks 19

16.2.6 Deck Overhang Requirements 20

Concrete Paraoets 20

Post-Type Railings 22

16.2.7 Design Examples 26

16.3 OVERVIEW OF BRIDGE JOINTS 43

16.3.1 General 43

16.3.2 Selection 45

16.3.3 Design Requirements 46

16.3.4 Joint Types 47

16.4 OVERVIEW OF BEARINGS 48

16.4.1 Load and Movement Capabilities 48

16.4.2 Forces in the Structure Caused by Restraint of Movement 5016.4.3 Overview of Special Design Provisions for Bearings 50

16.4.3.1 METAL ROCKER AND ROLLER BEARINGS 50

16.4.3.2 PTFE SLIDING SURFACES 51

16.4.3.3 BEARINGS WITH CURVED SLIDING SURFACES 53

16.4.3.4 POT BEARINGS 53

16.4.3.5 STEEL REINFORCED ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS 54

16.4.3.6 ELASTOMERIC PADS 61

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16.4.3.7 BRONZE OR COPPER ALLOY SLIDING SURFACES 62

16.4.3.8 DISC BEARINGS 63

16.4.3.9 GUIDES AND RESTRAINTS 63

16.4.3.10 OTHER BEARING SYSTEMS 63

17A.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE LESSON 1

17A.2 STRESS-LAMINATED DECK EXAMPLE 1

17B.1 OVERVIEW OF VESSEL COLLISION PROVISIONS 1

178.1.1 Background Information on the Development of Vessel Collision

Guidelines 1

17B.1.2 Background Information on the Main Factors Affecting the

Vessel Collision Problem 2

17B.1.2.1 VESSEL CHARACTERISTICS 2

17B.1.2.1.1 Ships 2

17B.1.2.1.2 Barges 3

17B.1.2.2 WATERWAY CHARACTERISTICS 417B.1.2.3 BRIDGE CHARACTERISTICS 4

17B.1.3 Initial Planning 4

178.1.4 General Provisions 5

17B.1.4.1 OBJECTIVE OF SPECIFICATIONS 5

17B.1.4.2 FLOW CHART FOR THE DESIGN OF BRIDGE

COMPONENTS FOR VESSEL COLLISION 5

17B.1.4.3 APPLICABILITY OF SPECIFICATIONS 6

17B.1.4.4 DATA COLLECTION 7

17B.1.5 Minimum Impact Requirements 8

17B.1.6 Design Vessel Selection 8

17B.1.6.1 ACCEPTABLE ANNUAL FREQUENCY OF BRIDGE

ELEMENT COLLAPSE 9

17B.1.6.2 ANNUAL FREQUENCIES OF BRIDGE ELEMENT

COLLAPSE 9

17B.1.6.2.1 General Remarks 10

1713.1.6.2.2 Vessel Traffic Distribution, N 10

17B.1.6.2.3 Probability of Aberrancy, PA 11

17B.1.6.2.4 Geometric Probability, PG 15

178.1.6.2.5 Probability of Collapse, PC 17

17B.1.7 Vessel Collision Loads 17

17B.1.7.1 DESIGN VESSEL VELOCITY 17

17B.1.7.2 VESSEL COLLISION ENERGY 18

17B.1.7.3 SHIP COLLISION FORCE ON PIER 18

17B.1.7.4 SHIP BOW DAMAGE LENGTH 19

1713.1.7.5 SHIP COLLISION FORCE ON SUPERSTRUCTURE 19

17B.1.7.6 BARGE COLLISION FORCE ON PIER 20

178.1.7.7 APPLICATION OF IMPACT FORCES 2217B.1.8 Bridge Protection 25

17B.2 EXAMPLE BRIDGE DESCRIPTION 25

APPENDIX A

Typical Ship Characteristics

APPENDIX B

Typical Barge Characteristics

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