HABJIIOAEHMfl HA^ H3MKOM H CTMJIEM KOMFJJMM M. BYJirAKOBA «HBAH BACHJIBEBHH»

M 30JlbflA BbIPCTA

C oB peM ennajt HHTaiomaa n y 6 jiHKa OTKpbiJia /m a ce 6 a EyjiraKOBa KaK K p y ira o ro xy^oacHHKa cjioB a b o B Topoii nojiOBnne 5 0 - x r o i i o B . I lp m e M «OTKpbrrae» s t o , c o c - T oaB ineeca n o c jie B bixo.ua b CBeT npoti3B e,aeH H H TeampaAbHbiù poMan, Henan zeap- dun, Macmep u Mapzapuma, u npHBejio k TOMy, h t o o EyjiraKOBe 3 a ro B o p n jiH n o - HTH TOJlbKO KaK O CaTHpHKe-np03aHKe. MHOrOHHCJICHHbie OTKJIHKH B B H f le p e n e n - 3HÌÌ h »cypHaabHbix CTaTeii Ha Bcex eBponeficKHX a 3 b rea x c p a 3y n o c jie noaBJieHHa riepeso /ioB Tp ex poMaHOB EyjiraKOBa — apK oe TOMy flOKEuaTejibCTBO1.

C B o e o 6 p a 3 H o e h T a n a H T jiH B o e TB0 p iie c T B 0 E y jir a K O B a H H K o ro H e o cT a B H J io p aB H O H yu iH b iM . C yA H B H T ejibH biM e /jw H o /iy iiiH eM : BbiCK a3ajiH Cb KpHTHKH o n p n p o ; i e SyjiraK O BCK O H c a r a p b i : a B T o p o n e p H p y e T « ro ro jieB C K H M B o c n p u a T H e M 3 k h 3 h h KaK K O M H ie c K o r o C M em eH H a a 6 c y p ,z m o r o h p e a j ib H o r o , n p H s p a n n o r o h jieK cT B H T eu b - H o r o » — n n u ie T JI. E p r n o B b K H H re Coeemcmn camupuuecmn npo3a; y B y jir a K O - Ba « r o r o j ie B C K a a cjjO H T a cM a ro p u fl h h c x o b c k h h T p arH < })ap c» — r o B o p H T / i p y r o i i KpHTHK2; „As th a t quotation suggests the Master and M argarita’s links are w ith fable legend, fantasy and the grotesque. For paralles one would go to Gogol and Hoffmann, a t times to Edgar Allan Poe, to Kafka, or to Dostoevski“,—3 a a B n a e T j i o h a o h c k h h J iH T ep aT yp H b iH o 6 o 3p e B a T e n b 3. O b j ih h h h h B ejiH K H x p y ccK H X c a r a p r a c o B H a T B o p n e c T B o M. E y jir a K O B a r o B o p H T c a T a o c e b o 6 c T o a T e j ib H o ì i craTbe B h t t o p h o Orpa.ua: „Dei primi racconti grotteschi in cui il vizio e la stoltezza del mondo, non si sottraggono ai colpi di un’intelligenza feroce, ilare ed amara, tu tta nutrita dei preziosi e salubri ve- leni di un Gogol e di un Saltykov-Scedrin, Bulgakov era passato al suo primo grande romanzo „La guardia bianca“ subito publicato in una revista.“ Ha (¡)OHe s T o r o e f lH H O fly n iH o r o n p r o H a m a c a r a p a n e c K o r o T a jia H T a E y j i r a -

1 Cm., HanpHMep: Le roman theatrale, E d it. Robert Laffont, Paris, 1966. Roman teatral, Bucurefti, 1970 (in rom änefte de Alexandru Calais). La guardia bianca, Edit. Einandi, 1967. Garda albä, Bucurefti, 1970 (in rom änefte de Alexandru Calais). Der Magister und Margarita, Ver. „Volk und W elt”, Berlin, 1968. Maestrul' §i Margareta, Bucurefti, 1970 (in rom änefte de N atalia Radovici).

2 H . EMenMHOB, 30 jiem cnycmn, «TeaTp», 8, 1967 r.3 „Times L iterary Suppliment”, 7, 7. X I I . 1967 r.

4 3 0 H 30JIbflA BbIPCTA

K 0 B a -n p 0 3 a n K a n a p a a o K c a j ib n o 3ByHHT V T B ep a m eH H e JT. E p r n o B a o t o m , H T o « H e 3 a - y p a f lH b iñ T ajiaH T n n c a T e n a p a c K p b u ic a JiHixib b e r o f lp a m a r y p r h h e c k h x n p o n 3 B e - f le H H a x , r f l e j io r H K o ìi x y A o a c ec T B e H H b ix o 6 p a 3 0 B y T B e p a c a a J ia c b H e r o S e a c H o c T t n o - 6 e f lb i H O B o r o C T p o a » 1 . H e T , H e 3 a y p a a H b iH T a jia H T n n c a T e j ia p a c K p b in c a KaK b e r o n b e c a x , TaK h b e r o p O M a H a x . I Ip H n e M b o 6 o h x c j iy n a a x M b iu ijie H H e r iH c a r e n a o c T a - e T c a — m m 6 b i cK a 3 a jiH — « a p a M a T y p r H n e c K H M » . E o j ib i n a a x y flo a c e c T B e H H a a CBa3b M e a c a y n b e c a M H h p o M a H a M H E y jir a K O B a y a c e o T M e n a n a c b H C C JieaoB axejT aviH 2 . B o 6 c to a T eJ ib H O M h oH eH b H H T epecH O M n o c jie c jiO B H H A. CH H K y k pyM biH CK OM y n e p e - B o a y p o M a H a B y jir a K O B a Macmep u Mapzapuma TaK ace r o B o p H T c a o B sa H M O /ie ñ c T - b h h C M eacH bix HCKyccTB b C T p yK T yp e p oM aH O B t a j ia H T J ih b o r o c a T H p iiK a : „ T e a - t r u l i s i d e s c h i d e n e p u t i n c i o s p e r e t i i c a s a f a c à l o e t u m u l t u l u i . D a c à B u l g a k o v e s t e a d e s e a t e n t â t s â - ' à a s c u l t e p e r s o n a j e l e v o r b i n d ì n g r u p u r i m a i m i c i s a u m a i m a r i , r.i, a s t f e l , s a r e g i z e z e v e r i t a b i l e s c e n a r i i r a d i o f o n i c o , m a e s t r i a l u i a t i n g e d e s à v i n i r e a i n s c e n e d e m a s à , p a r c a f i l m a t e p e é c r a n p a n o r a m i c , i n s e r ì d e m a r e e f e c t p l a s t i c r.i a u d i t i v “ 3 .

H B ce-TaKH , H aH H H aa c 1966 r . o B y jir a K O B e ro B o p n Jio c b n o n r a H C K jnoH H Tejib- H o KaK o nposaHKe.

B y jira K O B -p o M a H H C T O TOflBHHyji H a 3aflH H H n j ia H E y j ir a K O B a -a p a M a T y p r a . A M ea c fly T eM H3BecTHOCTb o h n p H o ò p e j i h m c h h o KaK i i p a v i a r y p r , B n e p B b ie B biC T y- nH B b K a n ec T B e K0 M eflH 0 rp a(J)a b 1926 r o a y c n b e c o M Som m a Keapmupa4 h o 6 j ia - jin n jiyH H iH M H T paflH H H aM H p y ccK O H K0 M e;iH 0 rpa(j)H H . H x o T a n b e c a 3Ta M o a c e r 6 biT b 0 x a p a K T e p H 3 0 B a H a KaK A ajieK O H e c o B e p u ie H H a a , n p o ò n a a , n e p e r p y a c e H H a a B H eu iH eH 3 aH H M aTejibH O C TbK ), b H e ñ , 0 flH aK 0 , c o a e p a c a ^ H C b T e 3p e H a h h c t o 6 y j i - raK O B C K oro tO M o p a , K O T op b ie ^ a j iH B n o c jie a c T B H H OTjiHHH bie b c x o æ m KaK b K OM e- / m a x , TaK h b p O M a H a x É y jira K O B a . K aK K O M eziH o rp a ^ -ca T H p H K o h b s t o B p e M a 6 bIJI H e OflHHOK. C aTH pH H eC K yiO TH nH 3aH H K ) H M epTbl HHÆHBHUyajIbHOrO p a 3 H O - o 6 p a 3HH Mbi H a x o A H M b K O M eflH ax B . P o M a u io B a , Bo3dywHbiü nupoz (1925 r . ) , A. T o j i c t o t o , (PaôpuKa MOAodocmu h Hydeca e peíneme (19 2 7 r .), J l . J le o H O B a , Ycmu- peiiue Eadadoiumma, B. K a T a e B a , Keadpamypa npyza (1928 r . ) h a p y r n x , M eH ee 3 H aH H T ejibH bix5. K 3T O M y B p sM eH H HaM eTHJiHCb flB e , neTKO B b ip aaceH H b ie T e H /ie n - H H H B pa3B H T H H KOM eflHH:

1) 6biTOBaa (c 3JTeMCHTaMH caTH pbi);2) ycjioBHO-rpoTecKOBaa.

0 6 e (JjopM bi p a3B H B ajiH C b iw r o B p s M e n H o , B 3 a H M O fle ìic T B y a h o ò o r a m a a apyr f lp y r a . H c c j ie f lO B a T e n H p a s B u r n a c o B e T C K o ìi j ip a M a T y p r H H t o h h o H a3b iB a io T n b e c b i , K Q T o p b ie n o c jiy a cH J iH h c x o a h m m h n o 3 i m H a \ i n j u ia p a 3 B H T H a flByx, y K a 3 a H H b ix b h -

1 JI. EpmoB, CoeemcKaH carnupunecKan npo3a, JleHHHrpaji, 1966 r, CTp. 13.2 B nacTHocTH A. OaiiKo BHfleJi 3Ty cBH3b, h b KanecTBe nppmepa poMaHa-m>ecbi npttBOAHJi

Macmepa u Mapzapumy.3 Maestrul f i Margarita, CTp. 548 .4 B 3to BpeMH M. EyjiraKOB Harmcan eme ueJibiñ p»j komcahIi, KaK: Eazpoeuii ocmpoe,

AdaM u Eea, E.vmcencmao, CuHoebH MyAJibt.6 Æ HraceBCKHft, CueoAanuHCKaH{\92ì r . ) ; IO . lO p b H fi, HaifUOHaAU3aiJUn Jicettufuii (1 9 2 4 r . ) ;

M . KpHHHiiKHÌ}, CoeemcK.an Keapmupa (1 9 2 4 r . ) .

KOMEAMH M. E y jirA K O B A «HBAH BACMJIbEBMH» 431

ine TeHAeHUHÌi b carape: Hmchuhu 1919 z. Cepac|)HMOBHLia h Cmcx u zope HeBe- poBa — c oflHoii CTopoHbi, c&THpHHecKaa Tpnaaa MaHKOBCKoro c apyron1.

B o r a T e H u iH H orib iT r o r o i i a , C a jiT b iK O B a -U IeA p H H a , C y x 0 B0 - K 0 6 b u iH H a 6 b ij i TBO pnecK H M cn 0 J ib 3 0 B a H coBeTCKHM H a p a v ia T y p r a M H , c a r a p H n e c K H e k o m c a h h k o - T o p b ix n p eflC T a B J ia jiH c o 6 o h n p r n m n n H a jib H O H O B oe j iB jieH n e: o c M e m a a Bce H e- A O CTO H H oe, o T a cH B in e e , o h h a ß jia jiH C b b t o ace B p e M a A eäcT B eH H b iM o p y a c n e M b 6 o p b 6 e 3 a H O B oe. « C a r a p u l c a n b iT a j in c b H e n p o c T O O T pa3H T b A H ajieK T H H ecK oe n p o T H B o p e H H e b e r o C T a ra K e , a 3 a n e n a T J ie T b n e p e x o A h 3 o a h o t o c o c t o h h h x b u p y r o e , nocK O Jib K y H a CTbiHKax 3 t h x n e p e x o A O B h B03HHKaeT cMex»2. H yacH O o t - M îT H T b , m t o , e c j iH r e p o n KJiaccH H ecK O H c a T H p b i n e BbiziejiHJiH c e ö a h 3 e p e a h , b K O T o p o ä a c a rr a , t o caT H pH H ecK H e n e p c o H a a c H c o b c t c k o h k o m c a h h n p o T H B o n o c - T a ß a e H H o ô m e c T B y b u e j io M . K m o m c h t v c o s u a n H a k o m c a h h B y jir a K O B a Mean Bacu/ibeem c a T H p m e c K a a n b e c a B b iu iJ ia H a o a h o h 3 r j ia B H b ix M ecT , 3 aH aB p a B H o e n o j io a c e u H e c r e p o m e c K O H a p a M O H h com ia jib H O -n cH X O J io rH H ecK O H n b e c o i i . IÜ J ia B T o p a a n o j io B i in a 3 0 - x roA O B , n o 3 a a n ô m j ih r o a b i H e y T H x a io u ie H 6 o p b 6 bi b h c - K yccT B e h k 3TOMy B peM eH H o b i . i H a K o n jie H 3 H a H tiT ejib H b iii o n b iT b o Bcex a c a H p a x coBeTCKOH J iH T e p a T y p b i, o h s m roB O p H Ji M . F op b K H Ìi c T p n ö y H b i I C b C 3u a c o B e T - c k h x n n c a T e j i e ñ . H e M a jiO B a a cH o e s n a n e n H e ^ j ia c o b c t c k o h J iH T ep a T y p b i B o o ö m e H c a T H p b i B HaCTHOCTH H M ejI TOT (j)aKT, HTO B 3 0 -X TOAaX, nOCJie n e p H O A a HCKaHHH h 6 o p b 6 b i, H a n a j ia c b C T a Ö H jn o a m ia j iH T e p a T y p H o r o H3biKa3. )K H 3H eH H biH M a T e p n a n f l j ia c a T H p H ie c K H x k o m c a h h E y jira K O B y a a s a j iH H e TO JibK o e r o i ia ö j i io a e H H a KaK coB p eM eH H H K a t o h coH H aJibH O H a n o x H , h o h n p a M b ie 06 a 3 a H H 0 C T H coT p yA H H K a r a 3 e T b i « F y a o K » , r a e o h p a ö o T a j i caTH pHKOM -cjjejibeTOH HCTOM c TaKHMH T a jia H - TJiHBbiMH c o 6 p a T b 5t.Mii n o n e p y KaK B. KaTaeB, I O . O j i e u ia , H. H jib cM euiH oro, n o c T p o e H H o r o Ha K O H T p a c T e A B y x a n o x , O T C T o a m n x Apyr o t A p y r a H a 4 0 0 J ie T .

1. ClOVKCr II KOMnO JHUIUI KOMeAHH

«Cßoeo6pa3He caTHpHHecKoro T B o p iie c T B a nacaTejia onpeAenaeTca He h3jho- GjieHHbiMH BHAaMH HacMeuiKH, a THnoM CBH3H, KOTopbiH ycTaHaBJiHBaeTca MeacAy

1 A. O. EorycjiaB C K H ìì, EopbSa 3a cm u/ieeoe MHoeoo6pa3ue coeemcKoü KoMeduu e 20-e zodbi, «®HjiojiorHHecKHe HayKH», M ocK B a, 2 , 1962 r .

2 JI. Epm oB , CoeemcKdH camupimecKan npo3a, MocKBa 1966 r, c ip . 14.3 JlexcuK a cospeMeiiiiOzo pyccKoao H3bma, b c6. «PyccKHÄ íhm k h coBeTCKoe 06mecTB0»,

MocKBa, 1968 r, CTp. 17.4 Cm. E. TajiaHOB, MAhn M.ib(f> u Eeaeituü Tiem pos, MocKBa, 1961 r .

43 2 H 30JIb flA BbIPCTA

HaeHH0-3M0UH0HajlbH0H OCHOBOH e ro TBOpHeCTBa H (f)OpMaMH KOMHHeCKOrO»2. E epa 3a 0CH0By s t o cymecTBeHHoe 3aMeMaHne, He 3a6y/ieM b t o xiy^ecHOM CHe nepeyTOMJieHHoro H3o6peTaTejia HHaceHepa Thmo- cj)eeBa: bm ccto c6opKH Gojiee M om noro pa/monpHeMHHKa eMy y^aeTca H3o6pecTH MauiHHy BpeMeHH, KOTopaa nepeM emaeT repoeB kom c^hh b pa3Hbie snoxn. ITocjie H ejioro p a a a kom hhcckhx nepHneTHH Bce BCTaeT Ha CBoe m ccto h H3o6peTaTejib npocbinaeTca. fleñcTBHTejibHbiM 0Ka3biBaeTca JiHiub «bh3ht» Bopa b KOMHaTy cocerá. nepeceneHHe peajibHoro HppeanbHbiM nponcxoAHT t s k He3aMeTHO, h to mm bo3- BpamaeMca k Hanany nbecw, h to 6m nponecTb Ha6paHHyio neTHTOM peM apxy aB- Topa: «noHHKaeT h 3acbinaeT TyT »ce y annapaTa». OaKTHHecKH cioaceT KOMeflHH BbipacTaeT H3 nycTHKa, h o n o Mepe pa3Bnxna co 6m th h , rpaHHHbi e ro pa^iiBura- lOTca h HaHHHaioT Bbipa»caTb onpeaejieHHyio coHHajibHyio cyumocTb. H ap a^y c nojio»CHTejibHbiM repoeM , KOTopbiií «oTTeHaeT» Bcex ocTajibHbix h H3o6peTeHHe KOTOporo flBHaceT npyacHHy fleñcTBHa, cjie^yeT CHHTaTb ruaBHbiM repoeM h ynpaB- flOMa ByHuiy, He TOJibKO flBOHHHKa HBaHa Fpo3H oro, ho em e h Te3Ky. KoM e^na Ha3biBaeTca M e a n B a c u / i b e e m — 3 to MoaceT othocHTbca h k ynpaBflOMy h k napio. YnpaBflOM, 0flHaK0, BbiCTynaeT aBHoií KapHKaTypon napa , oh rjiyri, TpycjiHB, roBopHT a3biKOM »eaKTOBeKHx nocTaHOBJieHHH, h o He TaK acajiOK, KaK KaaceTca BHanajie. 06cToaTejibCTBa, b K0T0pbie nonaflaK)T rep o n , (|)aHTacTHHHbi, h o noBe- aeHHe repoeB peajibHO. H to KacaeTca BymnH, t o b iiapcKHX najiaTax b HeM npo- CbinaeTca t o , h to neacajio noA cny#OM, oh OTica3biBaeTca o t CBoero npojieTapcKoro npoHexoaefleHHa h SepeT n o n 3amHTy Bcex uapeft. Pa3,nyBaacb KaK MbuibHbiH ny- 3bipb, oh Ha 3 to h 6j ia r0flaTH0H noHBe /jocxHracT rn n ep 6oJiHHecKHx pa3MepoB2. TaM, r,ae uapcTByeT cTpax, B03M0>KHbi Bcaxiie HejienocTH, CHTyamra cTaHOBaTca aGcypflHHMH; pa3yM h Jinrmca OTcyTCTBylOT. CMemHoe h CTpamnoe b s to h KOMe- AHH HfleT paflOM. HccjieaoBaTejib flpaMaTyprHH EyjiraKOBa K. Pvzuihukhíí no- jiaraeT , h to EyjiraKOB He OHeHHJi HsnMaitoB, KaK peajibHyio ncTopnxiecKyio CHJiy; eMy yAajiocb nepe/jaTb jm m b omymeHHe KpaTK0BpeMeHH0CTH s to t o aBjreHHa3. MoaceT 6biTb, 3 to cnpaBe/uiHBO no oTHomeHHio k HsnMaHaM, onpeflejieHHOH co- HnajibHOH rp y n n e , KOTOpaa aKTHBH3HpoBajiacb Ha HCTopmecKH k o p o tk h h cpoK, h o h to K acaerca MemaH, MemaHCTBa — KaK aBJiemw, e ro EyjiraKOB HHKor,aa He HeflooneHHBaji, eMy xopom o Gbijxo H3BecTHa e ro 3;roBemaa MHorojiHKocTb.

B KOMeflHH - Tpn fleiícTBHa. J],CKopau,HH MeHaioTca Jinmb b nocjie^HeM fleñcTBHH. Y repoeB flBa nona ,aeaTCjit.H0CTH: MOCKOBCKaa KBapTHpa h najiaTbi HoaHHa Tpo3- Horo. /JCHCTBHe HaHHHaeTca h 3aKaHHHBaeTca b Teneime o^Horo /ma. Tnn nyaaKa- MeHTaTena, Bbipa3HTejia hoboh snoxn, K0T0pbiíí oTCTaHBaeT CBoe H3o6peTeHHe nepea MemaHaMH, He hob b ApaMaTyprHH. B3aTb xoTa 6w H3o6peTaTejia Myfla-

1 X oth n teca HanncaHa b 1935— 36 roziax, cioacer ee 3acTaBjiaeT oraecTH aeiíCTBHc k o m c / i h h k KOHuy 20-x TOflOB.

2 B. HIopoxoB, lis nyuie« no eopodbnM, «TeaTp», 3, 1967 r.3 K. PyAMiaKHií, M . By.iaaKoa, «Bonpocw TeaTpa» MocKBa, 1966 r.

KOM EflHH M. BYJirAKOBA «HBAH BACMJlbEBMH» 4 3 3

KOBa B. M aHKOBCKoro, rp,e ruaBHaa nepTa nepcoHaaca noAHepKHBaeTca flaace ero (j)aMHJiHeH. TaKHX KaK H yaaKOB h Tn\io(})eeB b >kh3hh HeT m isero ikaocth-

acHMoro, HOBaa fleiicTBHTejibHocTb OTKpbiBaeT nepea h hm h rpoMaflHbie nepcne-

kthbli, 6bijio 6bi >KejiaHHe h yMeniie. IlpoTHBOcToam He hm M em aH e acHByT jimnb

CerOAHaiUHHMH, CHIOMHHyTHblMH 3a6oTaM H , fljia HHX 3aBTpaniHHÌÌ JICHb 3aKpWT

Harayxo.

2. CTHjiHCTHHecKue npiKMbi xapaKTepiicTiiKH nepcoHavKeìi (3Haiiemie (jiaMH.raii h pojib peMapoK)

B KOMeflHH 16 /ieHCTByioLHHX jiHii. Y H3o6peTaTejia caMaa npocTaa h He3a- M eT H aa (J ia M n u n a : T H M O (j)eeB , h c t o h t o h b cjihckc TpcTbHM. 3aTO y 3 a K o p e H e - jio ro MeuiaHHHa-ynpaBAOMa rpoMKaa (})aMHJiHa ByHiiia-KopeuKHH. Ilp o u ijio e e r o TeMHO. O h , KaaceTca, KHaacecKHÌi orapbicK, icoTopbiii b coBeTCKoe BpeMa cyrneji aoKa3aTb CBoe «apeBHee npojieTapcKoe npoHcxoac,neHHe» o t Kynepa ITaHTejrea1.

FpoMKOH (jjaM H JiH eñ H aacJiC H h acyjiH K , H e o n e H b y M H b iii, h o h3bopotjihbm h h b nocToaHHO ôo^poM H acT p oeH H H . O flH a K o , e r o r p o M K a a (¡jaMHJina (Mnjiocjia- bckhh) b coHCTaHHH c n p eT eH H H 03H b iM « 5 K o p a c » a a e T n e p B b if t « C H r a a j i» o th o ch - T ejibH O ¿leñcTBHTejibHOH iieHHOCTH n e p c o H a a c a . Bo II a c h c tb h h n o a B J ia e T c a co- B e p m e H H o K O M H ^ecK aa ( f w r y p a K H H o p ea cH c cep a Ü K H H a. O h TyT ace n o j iy n a e T n o - meHHHy; H ß a H r p o 3 H b iH H a M e p e B a e T c a e r o yÖHTb h k kohhy a e iic T B H a 6jih3khh k n o M e m a T e j ib C T B y p e a c H c c e p B b m y a c a e H n p o c H T b pyK H aicTpHCbi 3H H aH flb i Mnxa- HJIOBHbl.

Bojibuioe caMOMHeHHe n p n He6ojibuioM TajiaHTe, MaHepa pa3roBapHBaTb c anjiOMÔOM, iiapoHHTO «cepMaacHoe» HMa K apn, 3aKJiroireHHe KOHTpaKTOB «Ha xoAy»— HecoMHeHHO HauiJiH CBoe oTpaxceHHe b cjmMHJiHH nepconaaca R - k u h . YjibiGicy Bbi3biBaeT pacnojioaceHHe /leficTByjomHX jihu : b kom cahh iieñcTByioT: o n p m m m , c m o jib H iiK u , z y c a n p b i h . . . m u a u i¡u h . IIocjieaH aa ÆBaacÆbi Bbi3biBaeTca no 'rejie- (})OHy h KaK oóoómeHHbiH nepcoHaac co P ctb ch h o h nepcoHOH noaBJiaeTca b KOHue KOMe^HH.

flaBHO H3BeCTHO, HTO flpaM aT ypr, B OTJIHHHe OT pOMaHHCTa, JIHIUeH B03M0»C- HocTH onucbieamb cbohx repoeB h nojib3yeT ca JiHuib KpaTKHMH, h o o Lienb Bbipa- 3HTejibHbiMH xapaKTepHCTHKaMH, nepeflKO OJIHOH fleTajibK). TaK nepcoH aaa i ;ian - h o h KOMeflHH «npHBa3aHbi» KaacflbiH k KaKon-JiHÖo BemH, c noM om bio KOTopoii OHH xapaKTepH3yioTca.

THMOICeHa TuM oi^eeBa— 3HHaH,na M nxaiijioBHa b I a c h c tb h h 6epeT b pyKH ne- M o d a m u K h c hhm ace noKH/iaeT cueHy b icohhc III. M acraa ewe na Myaceñ, «nojiy- noxoanaa» acH3Hb aKTpncw, KOTOpaa He H am na CBoero riponnoro MecTa.

ynpaBflOM ByHHia He paccT aeT ca c d o M o e o ü k h u z o ü . THMO(J>eeB roBopHT eMy: «B BauiH ro flb i BaM 6bi aoM a cHueTb, BHyKOB HaHHHTb, a Bbi aen b ia zienb 6poanTe no aoM y c 3acajieHHOH khh to h » .

1 HeBOJibHO BCnoMHHiiioTCM nepconaiKH 3HaMeHHTOh BopoHbeK Cjio6o,hkh 113 1 2 cm yjibee H. H j lb ^ a H E. IleT pO B a, OAHH H3 KOTOpbIX«6l>IBIIIHH K H«3b rHrHeHHUIBHJlH, a HbIHe TpyflaiH H M Ca BocTOKa».

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v K e n a y n p a B A O M a , M em a H K a h c n j ie x H H u a Y j ib S H a A n / ip e e B u a , n o H B ju ie x c a A B aacA bi: o z ih h p a 3 c c o o 6 m e n n e M o s a r p a H U H H o íi M a x e p n n , z ip y r o M — c c e j ie /y c a - MH, K O T o p b ie u a p b H ß a H B b iö p a c b iB a e x b K o p H flo p . B o p M H JiocjiaB C K H Ìi h o c h x uepnbie n e p n a m K u .

TnM O (|)eeB n e p B b iì i 3a M e x a e x M m io c j ia B C K o ro m o k h e : «KaKOH cxpaHHbiñ H ejio B eK . . . b n e p H b ix n e p n a x K a x . . . M e r o e M y H a¿io?» B M e c x e c nepH H M H n e p - H axK aM H y B o p a i ie r ip e M e n H b iH n a o o p o m M b m e K .

O aH xacxH H ecK H H x e p o i i KOMe/iHH, m>e npncyxcxBHe H a ^ e j ia j io c x o jib K o u iy M a b m o c k o b c k o î î K B a p x H p e — H a p b H B a H r p o 3H b iii r i p e a c x a e x n e p e A HaM H c n o j i - HbiM a p c e H a jio M x a p a ic x e p u b ix pflz Hexo B e m e ii :

1 ) o r ip m u m e c K c tn p a c a n o B e p x n a p c K o r o ofleaH H H ,2) 3H a ju eH u m b iü n o c o x , h o o k n o f l KacjxraHOM, K o x o p b iH o h B b rracK H B aex b

KOM M yHajlbHOH K B apX H pe BC5IKHH p a 3 , KaK npHXOflHX B H p o c x b H3) 3o /io m a n z p u e n a , o x K O X opoH n o H eaoyM H K » o x K a 3b iB a e x c a c o c c / j Thmo-

4 )eeB a I ï ïn a K , a n o x o M xopbK O c o a c a jie e x .I lo c jie /iH H H CB5i3 biB aexcH b H a m e ü naM HXH c xejie(})OHHbiMH 3B0 HKaMH b m h -

JIHHHK).

ü o p x p e x b co ô cx B e H H O M C M b icjie c j to B a ,a a n a B x o p o M x p e M n e p c o n a > K a M :1. T H M O (})eeB y — b o j i o c h y H e r o «B C K jioK on eH H b ie, r j ia 3 a o x ö e c c o H H U b i K p a c H b ie» . KaK b h æ h m , aBxop H e Haaejiaex n o j io a c n x e j ib H o x o r e p o a KpacoxoË, o h C H M n a x n - HeH h E y jir a K O B y h 3pHxejno (H H T a x e jn o ) h a a a c e . . . H B a H y T p 0 3 H 0 M y K H n yH eii 3 H c p r H e K , B e p o i i b C 03,xaH H e M a u iH H H B p eM eH H , n o jiH O H HenpaK XH H H O cxbJO . 5K eH a H a 3 b iB a e x e r o « c b h x h m h c j io b c k o m » . 2 . M n jio c jia B C K O M y — o h « a y p H O o f le x b r a , C apXHCXHHeCKHM ÖpHXbIM JIHHOM, B HCpHblX Iiep X aX K aX ». Y n o M H H a H H e 0 6 apXH C- T H iecK O M jiHue a a e x n p e a c x a B jr e H u e 0 6 H r p e , o j x u a e a e ñ c i B e , o x o m , h x o o h H e xox, 3 a K o r o ce6 h B b u ia e x , h x o o h H r p a e x p o n b . 0 6 oae>K;xe C K a s a n o , H e «njioxo O A ex H H » , a H M eH H o « a y p H o oaexbiM», T.e. HecooxBexcxBeHHo, 6 e 3 B K y c H 0 , c K o p e e B c e x o — Ha H eM c jiy ^ a H H a n o/jeacaa c n y a c o r o miena. Y n o M H H a H H e o 6 p a x o M jTHue f l a e x H aM noH H X b , h x o c o B c e M H e^aB H O o h B b ir ju x a e ji Mirane, H eô p iix b iM .; o h x o h c x 6 t i x b H e y 3HaHHM M . Coxeraitire ofleamw, j r u n a h n e p x a x o K ae.xacx M n n o cJ ia B C K O - ro noao3pnrejibHbiM , h xojimco c to jio b o h yinejiuiHM b C B oe H3o6pexeHHe T h m o - (j)eeB He 3 a v ie x a e x s x o r o . 3. PexcHCcepy -Hkmhv— eMy npe.anoc.aan xaKoii c j io B e c - HbiH K paxK H H nopxpex: « m o j io æ o h HejioBeK b ôepexe, b u ix a H a x flo KOjieH h c 6o- pofloË, pacxym eft m - n o a no,x6opo,XKa». f lep e u HaMH npeycneBaïoiHHH caM O H a- fleHHHbiH MOJIO.XOH pe*nccep , CKopee B e e r ò peMecjienHWC, noapa)Kaiouj,HH M3xpaM. K a K xyx He BcnoMHHXb 3HaMeHHXoro « a p M 5 iK 0 B jia .a e .n b u a » h3 m ockobckoh k h - H oxpoH H K H b poMaHe S o A o m o ü m e n e tto K ; y x o r o xaK)Ke 6 o p o u a p o c j i a n p a M O «H 3 AflaMOBa a o j io K a » , ô h j i h xaK H e ace u ix a H b i f l o KOjieH. K a K noM H H X xnxaxe.xb, KHHoxpoHHKep-xajixypuiHK ono3,aaji 3 a cH 5 ix b nycK xpaMBaHHoii j ih h h h , « 3 a a e p - îK aBuiH C b H a H a x y p e » h H H C H eH H poB aji n y c K x p a M B a a c o cbohm h c x a x n c x a M i i . f ly M a e M , mxo cxo^cxbo r e p o a E y u r a K O B a h E . I l e x p o B a h M jib (j)a H e x o jib K O B H e- m H e e 1. M H o r /ia n o p x p e x r e p o a a a e x c a x e p e 3 p e x b u p y r o r o n e p c o H a a c a . B p a 3 r o - B o p e c M yaceM S u H a n i ia M n x a H J io B H a x a K o n n c b iB a e T c b o h x su a K O M b ix M y * x n H : «E h O H K H H ---- M oJIHaHOBCKHH, 3 a n 0 M H H 3TO ! A ÜK H H — OH OHCHb T ajiaH X -

1 H a o a h o ü H3 (}>OTorpa(l)Hn K o n u a 2 0 -x ro a o B 3ane>ïaTJieH C . S m c H i i n c ü n h m c h h o b T a- KOM KocTioM e. E . I leT p o B , H nb(¡) h ByjxraKOB caTHpiinccKH p a cy io T ô e s z ia p u tix n o a p aa c aT en eft.

KOMEÆHK M. E y J i r AKOBA «HBAH BACMJIbEBMM» 4 3 5

jiH B ». O MoJiHaHOBCKOM He cKa3aHo, h t o o h «o n e H b Ta u a H TJiH B »; npHBe/iena jiH uib eflHHCTBeHHaa npH M enaTejTbH aa n e p T a — « ö j io h ä h h » ; 3 Ta n e p Ta n o p Tp e Ta b c o - neTaHHH c (JjaMHjiHeñ n03B0JiaeT H aM npe/icTaBHXb re p o a . I l o Bceñ B epoaxHocxH— 3X0 He OHeHb CnOCOÖHblH, MOJIHajIHBbííl, He3aMeTHBIH aK Tep, K O TO p tlH , OflHaKO, ß jia ro a a p a BbiroflHO H b h c h i h o c t h «x o p o rn o C M O x p H ic a » c o cnenbi h c 3KpaHa.KoM HHeCKHH 34)4)eKT B03HHKaeT B COHeTaHHH: OflHH 3HaKOM BIH-----ÔJI0H4HH, aa p y ro H — Ta jia H TjiH B . K TO M y ace CTaHOBHTca acHO, h t o 3HHaHÆy M u x a iijiO B H y He o ie u b y cTp a H B a e T B H e u iH o c Tt MtcKHa, OHa o H eìi He ro B o p H T , o h He noxoxc BHeraHe H a npHBJieKaTejn>Horo M o jin a n o B C K o ro , h o . . . HegajieKaa a K Tp n ca B epH T b e ro « T a jia H T » , peacHCcepcKHe b o 3m o j k h o c t h . E e n o K o p a io T H a n o p H C To cTb h anjioM Ö H K H H a. 3flecb — npomueonoAOMcnocmb nopmpema enym pem eü cymnocmu. H M n 0 3 a H TH b IH >lKHH — Tp yC . I lO f l apHCTOKpaTHHeCKOH H a p yX H O C Tb K ) M HJIOCJiaB- CK oro CKpbiBaeTca B o p , öeacaBuiHH H3 M e e r, «H e cx o jib oxA ajieH H bix»; n o x o a a m Ha H ß a H a r p o 3 H o r o ynpaBflONj — x y n h Tp y c jiH B ; H a n p o xH B , eaH HCTBeHH Hii, a e ii- CTBHTejibHO nojioacH TejH ,H H H nepcoHaac THMo4>eeB BHeuiHe HeKpacHB, aaace CM e- u io H , H H o ra a r p y ö , h o h m c h h o o h «o n e m » Ta jia H TjiH B », reH H ajien .naace, necTCH n o o TH o m eH H K ) k >tceHe h o k p y >icafomH m , öecKopbicxeH h a o 6 p . E jia ro a a p a e ro H 306peTeHH K) npOHCXOflHT apXH-4)aHTaCTHHeCKOe COÖblTKe b c k p o m h o h m o c k o - BCKOH K B apTH pe, H ITepeA JIHHOM 3 T 0 T 0 HCKM OHHTejlbHOrO COÖblTHSI paC K pH B a - lO Tca xa paK Tep bi nepcoHaxceä k o m c æ h h .

I lo B T O p H M H3BecTHyio H CTH Hy 06 oeoöeHH oexax xp y/ia / ip a M a x yp ra n o cpaB - HeHHK» c poM aH H CTO M , H anpH M ep. H 3 pen n repoeB m m y3HaeM 06 h x xapaK Tepe, npo4>eccnH, couH ajibH O M nojioaceHHH, penb BwpaxcaeT h x B H yTpeH H io K) c y u m o c T b h n o TO M y n cH xo jio rH H H a. « ib b iK .up aM aranecK o ro npoH3Be,o,eHHa Gojiee H A e o jio - rnneH , nevi a3biK jn o ö o r o a p y r o r o acaHpa»1. ü e p co H a sc n be cw 6yKBa.xbno «B b ip a c - T a e T » H3 p e n n e ro , peneBaa xa paK Tep ncTH K a CTaHOBHTca rjia B H e iim H M Cpe/ICTBOM H3o6pa»ceHHa re p o a , b s to m 3aKJiioHaeTca yHKHHH h n o jiy n a io T CM biojioByio H a rp y3 K y. B A p a M a x yp rH H X X BeKa 3Ha- neHHe peM a p o K em e ö o jib in e p a cu m p a e x c a , h nocTeneH H O n p e B p a m a e x c a B «H e o 6- xoflHM biH 3JieMeHT apaM axH H ecKo ro fleMcxBHa»2. P e M a p K o ö bbo.xhx b M Hp rep oeB , peM apKH nepeaafOT 4>njiococ|iCKHe pa3M bm iJieHna a B To p a . fly M a e x c a , h t o Ha p a c - uivipeHHe p o jiH peM apoK G o jib in o e BnnM anne oKa3aji KHH eM axorpa4). H e/iapoM peM apKH n p e B p a m a io x ca b nacxb KHH ocuenapw a. H x o Kacaexca E yjira K O B a , x o n b e cu e ro «n o flo Ö H b i peacHccepcKHM n a p T H Ty p a M . B ce 3apaHee yn xe n o , h npeacae Beerò 3apaHee noflCKa3aHa aTM Oc4)epa cneKxaKJia. E r o peM apKH xo hh m h Bbipa- 3HxenbHbi, OHH flOBe^eHbi .no HeöbiBajxoro coBepm eH CXBa»3.

H 3flecb n p a M a r y p r B b i6 n p a e T jin m b caM oe ebipa'iume.'ibnoe, caM oe xapaiHO neHHW fljia peacnccepa h aKxepoB. O f .h noKa3biBaioT nepeM em eHHe nepcoHaacen b npocxpaHCXBe c ynexo M cneun4)HKn cne H w . T e n e p b npeflcxaBH M ceöe, hxo m li C M O ip H M k o m c o tk ) M . E yjira K O B a 6e3

1 H. r . MaxafijiOBCKHH, HibiK nepcoHajiceü e nbecax Jleonoea, «PyccKasi penb», MocKBa,2. 1962 r.

2 B. h Bji. JlyKOBbi, O peMapKax e nbecax Jleonoea, «PyccKaa pent», 2, 1969 r.,3 K. PyflHHiiKHü, num. paßoma.

4 3 6 H 30JIbflA BMPCTA

p en jiH K r e p o e B , h j ih , h t o s t o — h c m o h (Jm JitM . T a x o M n p n e M n 0 3 B 0 J iH T H aM H e n e o o n p e a e j iH T b p o j i b aB T op cK H X p e M a p o K . I I o c m o t p h m , m o > k h o j ih c o cT a B H T b c e 6 e H e K O T o p o e n p e ,r ic T a B J ie n n e o r e p o a x k o m c a h h , j iH m e n H b ix c a M o r o r j ia B H o r o — p e n n . Ó 6 i n e e B n eH aT jieH H e — r e p o n o n e n b no;iBM>KHbr, o h h n acT O n p o a B u a io T «flBHaceHHsr x ty m n » b » c e c r a x . T n M o c |je e B c t o j i o b o h y m e j i b C B oe H 3 o 6 p e T e H H e , K0 T 0 p 0 e n p H H e c e T M H o r o n o jn > 3 b i r o c y a a p c T B y , B c e M y H e jio B e n e c T B y ; a B T o p r o - B o p H T , h t o r j ia B H b iñ r e p o n « 0 3 a 6 o H e H » . I I o a B j ia e T c a x e H a h c o o 6 in a e T « y a c a c H o e H 3B ecrae>>: OHa n o m o o H J ia a p y r o r o . M H /K e H e p -H 3 o 6 p e r a T e j ib «M yTH O c m o t p h t H a 3 H H a n /iy » , O H a n p o i n a e T c a c M yxcev t. THM O(J)eeB HHKaK H e m o j k c t yacH H T b c e 6 e , h t o a ce n p o H 3 o m j io , TaK íia jreK o h o t j i i o 6 o B H b ix n ep eacH B aH H H »ceH bi h « M a u iH - H ajibH O H e jiy e T 3 n H a H fly » . .ZjBepb 3 a H e n 3 a K p b iB e T c a , r e p o n « T y n o c m o t p h t e n B C Jiea» . H e n o flB n > K H o e , n a c a M H , c n u e H n e y a n n a p a T a n p e ic p a m a e T c a b m o m c h t , K o r a a o n b iT y n a j i c a . B c e r e p o n n p n x o f la T b f lB n x c e H n e . I I p o T n M O (J)eeB a C K a3aH o, h t o o h « y ó e r a e T B c j ie a 3 a H o a m r o M » , « 6 p o c a e T c a k a n n a p a T y » , « y 6 e r a e T » . B n o c - JieflH eM flen cT B H H m m b h a h m e r o n e n o f lB n a c H o c n f la n iH M 3 a c t o j i o m ; 3 f le c b j i h x o - p a a o H H b ie ^ B n a c e H n a c n o B a n p e K p a m a iO T c a .

A b o t p eM a p K H f lp a M a T y p r a , c o n p o B o a c f la r o m n e a K T p n c y 3 H H a n a y M n x a i í - n o B u y . H e p e u c e p b e 3 H b iM p a 3 r o B o p o M c M yaceM OHa 3 a a cp > K H B a eT ca b n e p e / m e n , B b iT acK H B aeT 3 e p K a j ib n e h n y / íp H T c a . 3 t o n p n B H H H o e f lB n a c e H n e , TaK C K a3aTb « n o c j ie f lH H H x n T p n x » n e p e / i b h x o a o m H a c n e H y , n p n / ia e T e n S o a p o c t h n c e n n a c . O S M a H y T a a j h o ó o b h h k o m , B 0 3 B p a in a e T c a ; i o M o n , « 6 p o c a e T n e M o / ia n h h k » , « p a c c T p o - e H a » . ¿ a n e e a B T o p H aM eK aeT H aM H a H e ó o j ib iu y io r j i y 6 r a iy n e p e a cn B a H H H h c e H - T H M eH T a n b H o cT b r e p o n H H c j i e f ly io m e H p e M a p K o n : «3aB O flH T naTe

K O M E flH a M. B yjirA K O B A «HBAH BACHJIbEBHHi 437

n p H B e f lé M p eM ap K H E y jira K O B a 6 e 3 K O M M eH TapH eB . B o t h t o a e j i a e T n a p b H a npoT JixceH H H H e j io r o f le ñ c T B H a KOM eflHH: «BCKaKHBaeT, K p ecT H T ca» , « b HCCTy- n jieH H H 6pocaeT ca» , « 6 o k h t b n e p e f lH io io , MeneTca, C K pbiB aeT ca b b o j th c h h h » , «B blH H M aeT H3 K ap M a H a 30JI0T yK ) M O H eTy», «OCTOpOvKHO B b irjia A H B a e T B o k h o » , b h a h t M am H H bi H «oTCKaKM BaeT», « n b e T B o/iK y» , «B3,aparHBaeT, KpecTH T ,UBepb, n p a n e T c a 3 a u in p v ty » . I l p n n o aB jieH H H o c T a jib H b ix n e p c o H a ^ e i i n e p e x o A H T k neP i- c t b h k ) ; « 6 b e x ilK H H a » ce3 jio M » , « B b ix n a T b iB a c x H 3 -n o A K a c jn a n a h o x c , k p h h h t » , « ó e p e r cejieflKH, B b i6 p a c b iB a e T b nepe;iHK>to», « B o o p y « a e r e a n o c o x o M » , « p B eT 6 y - M a ry » , «B blH H M aeT h o * » . B o 3 B p a m a a c b b c b o k i a n o x y , «MoaHH B S e r a e x b n a u a T y » h « b a p o c T H B ajiH T flb S K a H a a n n a p a T » (T nM O (j)eeB a).

H to BbiTeKaeT H3 B eerò BbimecKa3aHHoro? H t o a p a M a iy p r c G ojibu ioñ to h - HOCTbK), xmaTCjibHO no A 6 n p aji KaacAoe caobo , o6o3H anaiom ee noBeaeHsie repoeB KOMeflHH. 3flecb KaacAbiìi acecT cooTBeTCTByeT xapaK Tepy nepcoH aaca h , KaK m h yBHAHM flanbu ie , HaxoAHTca b nojiHOM cootbctctbhh h c penb io repoeB . M 3/iecb Mbi noflxoflHM k caM ofi BaacHoìi nacTH n a u ie ro HCCJieAOBaHHa: penb repoeB , ca- MopacKDbiTHe hx npH noM ouiH H3biKa. H e 3a6y/iCM hto penb HfleT o ko m ca hh , r ^ e n ep e /i aBTopoM CToajia s a t a n a pacKpbiTb KOMHHecKoe b rep o n x h CKmeTe npH IIOMOLHH caTHpHHeCKHX CpeflCTB.

3. H3biK ¡¡epcoiiavKCH

H a H 6 o A b L u y fo p e n e B y io H a r p y 3 K y H e c e T b n b e c e e e r j ia B H b iìi r e p o n — H H »ce- H e p T n M O (|)eeB . M b i H e c j i h h i h m e r o jiH in b b T p e T b e M aK T e, r ^ e f le ìic T B H e n p o n c - x o flH T b n a j ia T e Hoaima r p o 3H o r o . CaM x o 3 h h h n a j ia T b i c h a h t b s t o b d c m h 3a- n e p T b i ì i b K OM HaTe H 3 o 6 p e T a T e j ia , a THM OKHT A o S b iT b ^ e H e r , h 3 a K a 3 a T b y c j i e c a p a k j h o h k a n n a p a T y . Ü 3 b iK H H aceH ep a — c b o S o a h m h , 3 M 0 H H O H a jib H o -o K p a m e H H b iH , c n p H B jie n e H H eM HecKOJibKHX (})yHKHH0 H ajibH b[X c t h - j i e ñ , Ji3biK n e j io B e K a K y j ib T y p H o r o , c b o 6 o a h o h m B /T a /ie r o m e r o , » B j ia e T c » KaK 6 bi n p o Ó H b iM K aM H eM , a3 b iK 0 B b iM (J )o h o m H a K O T o p b iii H a c j ia H B a e T c a p e n b a p y m x n e p c o H a a c e ì i . B KaacAOM A H a j io r e a B T o p H ax o A H T p a 3 H b ie KOMHHecKHe « k j h o h h » , p a 3 H b ie n p n e M b i f l j ia c o 3f la H n a k o m h h c c k o r o 3B y n a H H a . Pa36epeM n e p B b iñ a n a j i o r M ex c /iy T n M O (})eeB b iM h )KeHOH. B 3BOJiH O BaH H aa 3 H H a n ,a a M H x a ñ n o B H a HaH H H aeT r o B o p H T b , h o H e B b m e p a c a B ApaM aTHHHOCTH c o o 6 m e n n a , n ep eB O A H T p e n b H a f lp y - roe. C o 3 Ò a e m c n K O M m e c K c in n e peo ueK a cepbe3 H o zo n y c m n m M U . O T yn eB H iH H o t p a S o T b i M yac HHKaK b t o j i k H e B 0 3 b M eT , o HeM p e n b . Ero f ly m e B H o e c o c T o a H H e a B T o p BbipaiKaeT nay3aMH. THMo

4 3 8 H 30JIbflA BbIPCTA

Tbi npocTH, hto a Te6e M em aio, h o a flOJiacHa c o o 6ihhti> Te6e yacacHoe H3BecTHe . . . HeT He pem aio cb . . . Y MeHa, ceroflHH b Kae CBHCTHyjiH nepnaTKH. TaK Kypbe3HO. ü hx no.noJKHiia Ha c to jih k h . . . si n o Jiw 6HJia f lp y ro ro . KoKa . . . HeT He M ory . . . Á noA03peBaio, h to s t o c cocezm ero CTOJiHKa . . . Tbi noHHMaenib MeHa?

THMo4>eeB: HeT . . . KaxoH ctojihk?3nHanxia: A x 6oace moB, tbi coBceM OTyneji c 3toü MamHHOñ!THMOtbeeB: H y , ncpnaTKH . . . H to nepnaTKH?3nHaKAa: fla He nepnaTKH, a a nojiio6HJia jipyroro! CBepinHJiocb! . . . Tojibko He

B03paacañ MHe h He HyacHO cuen . . . 3 to nacTOHiuee mvbctbo, a Bce ocTanbHoe b moch }kh3hh 6biJio 3a6nyac/ieHHeM . . . Tbi cnpauiHBaemb, kto oh? M, kohchho, .nyMaeiub, hto sto MojiHaHOBCKHÜ? HeT, npHTOTOBbCH: oh KHHopeaoiccep, oneHb TajiaHTJiHB. . . He 6yneM SoJibine HrpaTb b npaTKH, sto -Hkhh.

THMo4>eeB: TaK . . .

n a y 3 a .

Tbi cnpaniHBaenib, rae mu 6yaeM jkhtb? B 5 nacoB a ye3acaio c hhm b Tarpbi BbiónpaTb MecTO fljia cbeMKH, a Koraa mbi BepHeMca, eMy flojiacHbi flaTb KBaprapy b hobom aomc, ecjin, K0HeHH0, oh He BpeT. (3flecb seno He T0jibK0 b octpoh: npoÓJieMe acnjiba, ho h mmck na Te cny- naH, Koraa JIkhh BpaJi).

TaMO(})eeB [MyTHo]: HaBepHO, BpeT. . . (rjiaBHBiH repon BKjiazibiBacT b cboio penjimcy flBOHHOÜ CMbICJi: >IKHH BpeT He TOJIbKO HaCHeT KBapTHpbl, HO H B006me OÓMaHbIBaeT 3HHaHfly).

3HHaHfla: KaK sto rnyno, H3 peBHOCTH 0CK0p 6naTb nejioBeKa! H e mojkct ace oh Kaacayio MHHyTy BpaTb!

n a y 3 a .

. . . a npHmna k 3aKjnoHeHHio, hto mbi He nojjxojiHM apyr k flpyry. % Bca b khho . . . b HCKyccTBe, a tbi c jthm annapaTOM . . . O^HaKo a Bce-TaKH nopaacaiocb TBoeMy chokohctbhio! H naace KaK-TO TaHeT ycTpoHTb ciieHy. (KoMHHecKHií 3eKT co3aaeTca 3flecb He TOJIbKO napaji- jiejibHWMH, ho flaneKHMH no coflepacamio TeMaMH, ho h cooTBeTCTByioiuHMH nepexoaaMH o t oanoro cthji« k apyroMy, HanpHMep: npocTopeHHoe «cbhct- HyjiH» nepnaTKH, Top>KecTBCHHoe «CBepinHJiocb». KmiacHoe b ycTax repoHHH 3ByHHT MaHepHo: «H Bca b khho, . . . b HCKyccTBe» h «TaHeT ycTpoHTb ciieHy». K TOMy ace, KaK npoTHBonocTaBJie- Hne ee BbicoKOMy npH3BaHHio 3ByHHT BTopaa nacTb pennHKH — «a tbi c sthm annapaTOM», cmhcji KOTopoii HecoMHeHHo, «a tbi c sthm óypaifKUM annapaTOM». IIoe3flKa b FarpBi Ha cieMKH — ne npocTO yxofl o t Myaca, ho h ynacTHe b HjibMe, bosmtokho b 3arjiaBHOíí pojm. He cjiynaHHO h Ha3BaHHe KapTHHbi: 3ojiomue h 6 a o k u .

nepBaa peneBaa xapaKTepncTHKa acema ynpaB#OMa yjibaHbi AHfleeBHBi cpa3y BbiflaeT eé HHTepecbi:)

yjibaHa: 3apaBCTByñTe, TOBapmu THMoejjeeB. HBaH BacHJibeBHH k BaM He saxoflan?TnMO^eeB: HeT.y jn .a H a : n epeflafirre 3nHaHfle MHxaíiJioBHe, hto M a p b a CTenaHOBHa ro B o p u n a : A m e HBa-

HOBHe MaHHKiopnia 3arpaHHHHyio M aTepnio n p e/u iaraeT , TaK ecuH 3miaHíie . . .TnMO(l)eeB: ü minero He Mory nepeflaTb 3HiiaHZie MHxafinoBiie, n0T0My hto OHa yexajia.(Aajibme cjieayeT TOHHaa penmnca TnMOt|)eeBa no aapecy ynpaBflOMniH, nocjie ee yxofla:

«MepToaa Kyioia». KamteAnpcKuü H3biK Hanóojiee otpmuaTejibiioro nepcoHaaca — ynpaB/ioMa ByHmn — npoH3BojiHT Biic'far.ienHC «6pc;ia» HMemio Ha (fioHe jtcueoü HenpuuyMcdeHHoü penM TnMo4>eeBa, KOTopbiñ Boo6me He jik>6ht mhoto roBopHTb, oh c tojiobom ymeji b H3o6peTeHHe, 60JibmHHCTB0 pa3roBopoB c hhm 6yKBanbHo eMy HaBjnano).

THMo4>eeB: yaHBJiaiocb a BaM HBaH BacHjn>eBHH! B samn toabi BaM 6h joMa CHfleTb, BHy- kob HaHHHTb, a bbi HejiBiH fleHb 6poflHTe no flOMy c 3acajieHHoií KHHroíi . . .

ByH m a: 3 to flOMOBaa KHHra. y MeHa HeT BHyKOB. H e c jia a nepeciaH y xoflHTb, npou3oüdem yotcac.

THMOeeB: rocyaapCTBO pyxHeT?ByH m a: PyxHeT, ec jm 3a KBapTHpy He 6yziyT nnaTHTB . . . B o o ó m e Ham ao m yflHBHTejibHBiñ.

SI npoxoacy n o flBopy h coópoiatocb. B ce OKHa pacKpbiTBi, Bce Ha noflOKOHHHKax neacaT h paccxa- 3HBaioT TaKyio ep y iw y , KOTopyio paccKa3HBaTb HeyaoÓHO.

K O M E flJM M. ByjlTAKOBA «HBAH BACHJIbEBHH» 4 3 9

TaMO(})eeB: Eü 6ory a impero He noHHMaío. BaM neiHTca na/io, K H H 3b!B y H in a : Hrocojiañ M B aH O B H H , B b i H e u a a b iB a Ü T e m c h s i k h a - í c m , a y a c e flOKasaji tiymeM nped-

cm aejieH un doK yM enm oe, h t o 3 a r o a fl,o M o ero p o t e r n a m o h n a n a y e x a j i 3a r p a w i u y h , t o k h m 06 p a3 0 M , OHeBHAHO, h c h h H arn e ro K^iepa namejiea.

T n M O (j)e e B : KaK B a M o 6 tH C H H T b , h t o M e n a H e i n ,3 a T peB O JK H T b b o B p e M a s t o h p a 6 o T b i .B y H n i a : H e T b h o 6 i> a c H H T e . f l nepedoeoü ueAoeeK. B n e p a 6 w j i a J i e x n n a a j i í i y n p a B f lO M O B

h íi Ko.iocccubHyio noAb3y noAyuu.i. F I o h t h Bce n o n a j i . I I p o C T p a T 0 C ( j)e p y .T h m o (1)CCb : K o r f l a B b i r o B o p H T e H B a H B a c H jib e B H H , B n e n a T J ie H H e T a ic o e , h t o b b i 6 p e A H x e » .

TaKoe ace BnenaTJieHHe MoaceT co3AaTtca h y 3pHTejia, t .k. jickiihh uMenno ajih ynpaBAOMOB Ha AaneKyio a j í a ynpaBAOMHbix Aeji TeMy o CTpaToc(|)epc, H3 kotopoh ByHiua H3BjieK «KOJioccajibHyio nojib3y», xoth He Bce noHHJi (a CKOpee Bcero — HHHero He noiijui) ■— 3ByiiMT 6peAOM.

f l a j i e e BbiBeAeH H biíí H3 T epneH H a THMO(J)eeB H a3biBaeT B y H u iy «C Tapbra 3 y A a » , Ha h t o ynpaBA O M c « a o c t o h h c t b o m » oT B enaeT : « I l o c j i e s t h x K p o e m ix ocK opújie- h u ü n n o K u d a w K e a p m u p y h n a n p a e .m io c b e M u/iuifuro. M — j ih h o , 3aH H M aiom ee om eem cm eeH H eü iu u ü n o c m ynpaB A O M a, h o 6 a 3 a H H aS jiioA aT b ». I fe o ó p e T a T e j ib ribi- T aexcst o 6 b acH H T b cyT b c B o e r o 3K cnepnM eH T a, K O Topbiií noM oaceT npoH H 3aT b npocTpaH O TBO , n ep eiÍT H b n p o u u io e . Y npaB A O M h TyT A ajieic o t T o r o , h t o 6 m x o T b M T0-H n6yAb rioHHTb, o h T y n o n o B T o p a e T : «IIp oH H 3aT b npocTpaHOTBO? TaKofi o h m t m o k h o CAejiaTb mojibKO c p a 3 p e iu e m iH MUAuifuu».

K o r A a THMO(})eeB y6e>KAaeTcsr, hto on b iT y A a jic a , oh B036y»CAeHH0 h cnacTJiH- bo cn p a n iH B a eT : « X oT H T e, yBHAHM A p e s m o io M ocK B y? H e y a c e j in BaM He CTpaniHO? B bi He BOJiHyeTecb?»

ByHina: HnKonañ Mbehobhh! OflyMaiiTCCb, npejKfle neM Tarae ombimbi e otcaKme flejiaTb1!.

B c e M H K pacK aM H p a c u B e n e i ia p e n b B o p a -o n T H M H C T a M u j io c j ia B C K o r o . 3 A e c b h n p eT e H H H 0 3 H 0 -a c eM a H H b ie (J)paHHy3CKHe c j io B a h 6 jia T H O ií a c a p r o H h r a s e iH b ie H iT aM H bi. B o p — H e A y p a K , e M y x B a T a e T 6 e r j i o r o B 3 r j ja A a n a y 6 paH C T B o KOM HaTH I IIn a K a , h t o 6 m A o r a A a T b c a , h t o o h H M eeT a e j i o c o c T a p e io m u M a n iiK y p eH H e M KOM M yHajIBHOH K B ap T H p b l. MHJIOCJiaBCKHH, OTKpblB A B ep b OTMbIHKOH, 3BOHHT I IIn a K y n a c j iy a c S y : « O t a c j i M eacA yH ap O A H b ix n e p e B 0 3 0 K . M e p c n . ^ 0 6 a B 0 HHbiH 5 0 1 . M e p c n . T o B a p n i u a I IIn a K a . M e p c n . T o B a p n iH IU n a K ? E o H a c y p . T o B a p n iu , IU n a K , b b i a o c a M Ó r o K O H iia c e r o A H a H a c j iy a c 6 e G y A d e ? r o b o p h t OAHa apTHCTKa • . . H e T , H e 3H aK O M a, h o 6 e 3y M H o x o n y n 0 3 H a K 0 M H T b c a . T aK B b i a o 4 -x S y A e T e? % B aM e m e n o 3 B o m o , a OHeHb H acT O H H H B aa . . . H e T Sn oH A H H K a. K o m p a j ib T O . H y , n o K a » . > K v jih k H e o i u h o c h . IIIn a K n o n a j i c a H a yAOHKy. H 3 k o m h h c c k h x o T B e - t o b M H J io c j ia B C K o r o H H T a T ejiio (3 p H T e j i io ) cT a H O B a T ca a c H H B o n p o c b i I IIn a K a , a 3 a 0 A H 0 h c a M o rp aH H H eH H L iií « c o B C jiy a ca n in M » . B n ep B O M ace a c h c t b h h k o m c a h h 3ByHHT B b ip a 3 H T e jib H o e T p H o : T H M O (j)eeB , y n p a B A O M h MHJIOCJiaBCKHH. E A H T ejib - h h h y n p a B A O M n o A 0 3 p H T e j ib H o c m o t p h t H a M n j io c j ia B C K o r o , H H B ecT b KaK 0 Ka3a B -

1 CaTHpHnecKHH o6pa3 ynpaBAOMa HMeeTca h y jipyrHx coBpeMeHHHKOB M. EyjiraKOBa flocTaTOHHO BcnoMHHTb a3HK ynpaBnoMa >KypaBJieBa H3 noBecTH A. Tojictoto raóioKa. OicypoK, 6pomeHHbia Ha jiecTHHue oh Ha3biBaeT «aHTHnoacapHWM 6e3o6pa3HeM». Bjiaaejibuy nponrrpa- (ÍWBmeHca coóaKH flejiaer BwroBop b TaKHX BbipaaceHHax: « . . . ecjra B arn a coóaxa 6y/ieT npo- «ojiKaTb sth ebicmynAenu.fi na Aecmnuife — B036yacy cyae6noe npecneflOBaHHe» (uht. no mure A. H. BacHxtbeBa CmujiucmmecKuü anaAin nibiKa xydooKecmeemozo npomeedenuH, MocKBa, 1966 r., CTp. 181).

440 M ÏO JlbflA BbIPCTA

ine roca b KBapmpe. Bo36yacAeHHbiñ Hfracenep (ontiT ero yaajica: HCMC3jia cTeHa B KBapxHp-') TaK /iajrCK OT 0Kpy>Kai0mesì e ro oöcTaHOBKH, p a a cb e ac e My nejioBeicy. O h BHine Bcex BopoB h ynpaBnoMOB, vK pa/iejyioro naTec})OHa h æomoboh k îih th . Pa3roBop 3THX Tpex nepcoHaacen kom hhch no flByM npHMHHa.M: ctojiKHOBeHneM BbicoKHX peneii H3o6peTaTejia h «3a3eMJieHHbiMH» BonpocaM H ynpaBÆOMa, c jipy- rOH CTOpOHH XeM, HTO Bop BKJiaAbIBaeT B CBOH penjIHKH lipyrOH, TaHHMH CMbICJI, neM THMoÿeeB (He 3a6yaeM, h to nnraTejib 3HaeT, kto TaKoii MnnocjiaBCKHH). 5KyjiHK TaK5Ke «ouem ui» inoôpeT ennc THMO(j)eeBa h BBn;ay OTKpbiBaiomHxca «nep- cneKTHB» paaocTHO noBbiuiaeT H3o6peTaTejia «b 3BaHHH» : «rpaacflam iH nporj)eccop», «rpaxcflaHHH yneHbiii», HaKOHen— «aicaaeMHK», a Ha B onpocti ynpaB/io.via oh ceft- Mac * e HaxoaiiT o tb è t , He jihu jchhw h h pohhh .

ByHina: ( o ô p a m a a c b k M n jioc jiaB C K O M y). M c h h T e p 3 a e T CM yTH oe coM H eiiH e. Ha B ac TaKoft »ce koctkjm, KaK y IIInaKa!

M HJiocjiaBCKHü: A pa3B e y IIInaKa y o z iH o ro k o c t io m b nojioCK y b MocKBe? . . . f t j iy n iu e Ha STOT OIIHT nOCMOTpiO, OH MHe O ieH b nOHpaBHJICSt.

THMO(i)seB ()kmct eMy pyKy): f t ohchîj pas! Bh Shjih nepBHfi, k to yuH/ieji . . . Bu, TaK CKa- 33Tb, nepBbiH CBHfleTenb . . .

MHJiocjiaBCKHÜ: Hmtorfla eme ceuòemeAeM He iipuxoaujiocb ômtb (HaMeK Ha to , wto oh Bceraa 6bui b ponti oSsmiaeMoro). Ckojmco h o t hhx (o t ynpaBflOMOB — H. B.) HenpsiflTHOCTefi HMeji, ecjiH 6 h Bbi 3HajiH ipaotcdanm yneitbiü . . . CKaacHTe, h b Mazauuie moîkho TaKace CTeHKy npmiOÆHHTb?»

E .iecT am e H anncaHbi c rp a n n u b r , r a e Mb an rp o 3 H b iii pa3roB apnB aeT c Th- MO(})eeBbIM H apyrHM H /KHJTb liaMH flOMa. B OCHOBHOM KOMHHeCKHH 3(}x})CKT flOCTH- racT ca cM em enueM ifepKoeHoc.iaefimrsMoe iiapn c pa3ZoeoptibiM pyccKUM 30-x ro ao B .

THMO^eeB: Bh BOflKy nbeTe?HoaHH: O rope MHe! . . . AHHCOByio.THMOcjieCB : HeT anHCOBoii y mchh. Bbinefoe ropHoro ayÔHaiKy, b h noÔKpenumecb h npH-

flere b ceôsi. ft Toace.HoaHH: Omeedaü th h3 Moero KyÔKa.THMOtJieeB: 3aneM sto? Ax aa. Bbi noJiaraeTe, hto a xony Bac OTpaBHTb? floporoü HBaH

BacirjibCBK1!, y Hac sto He npnHSTO. H KitJibKaMH b Ha lu bck iopa3.no Jierne OTpaBHTbca, neM boa- KOH. flCHTC CMejIO.

HoaHH: Th, ciano 6bm>, TyT aoiseuib? XopoMbi-to TecHbie.T H M O íb eeB : fía yx, xopoMbi H eB axcH b ie .H o a H H : A ôoftpbmn tbo» r « e ? B qepKBH, n o j ih ?THMO(J>esB: He iiyMaïo. Moa ôoapbiim co cbohm jik>6obhhkom itaiHbiM Ha KaßKas yöeacajia.X o th Kovie/iHa ByjiraKOBa He yBHflena b CBoe B pew a cBeTa paM nbi, JierKo

npeflCTaBHTb ce6e peaKHHio nyöjiHKH Ha Ty c u en y , b KOTOpoä HoaHH rp 0 3 H b iii «ycTpanBaeT cnacTbe» SuHaH.abi h GyKBa.nbuo 3acTaBJiaeT iïKHHa CAejiaTb e ü npejj- jioaceHHe. CaM oyBepeHHbiií ü k h h , k o t o p h h BHaMajie n p rm a ji H oaH H a 3a peneTH- p y ro iu e ro apTHCTa h n p e ^ jia ra j i eMy KOHTpaKT, y3HaB, m to s t o HacToauiHH u ap b , cipycH Ji h Ha Bce co rjiacH nca.

H o ara : IIoaoH/iH h OTBenaä! JJoKOAe a ce tb i . . .äk h h : A 'i ecM b . . . yMOJiaio, He xBaTañrecb 3a hojkhk. f t cnJiro . . .HoaHH: Th Soapumo co6na3HHJi?J I k h h : f t . . . n . . . X u m u e M o e . . .HoaHH . . . T le c C M epdm ifU iï! KaKoe vkuthc? T h nocMOTpH Ha ce6a! O, 3o a My*! flbaBOH

m y m i u i u m n aonroMy cnaHHio, no CHe 3 u h h w o , z j ia e o c ^ A u w c noxMeJiba h /ipyrnM 3jtoct«m iie- U 3M epH biM h u e u c n o e e d u M b iM !

K O M E fllia M. E y jirA K O B A «HBAH BAC’HJTbl BHM 441

ÌIkhh: llponan! 3Hiianja, noncKaMTe MHe >rro-iin6ynb no CJiaBJIHCKH! (HoaHuy) IJaKU, naicu . . . Mjtce xepyeuMbi! . . . Bauis b:;imhcctbo, CMHJiyftTecb!

C M e m H a 3 f le c b h nceBA O C JiaB aH C K aa a 6 p a :< a a a 6 p a i lK n n a , a T a r a c e h t o , h x o n p o H H n a T e jib iib iM u a p b b i h c b c c 3 o e M A a e x x o h h v i o xap aK xep H C T H K y «OMCHb x a - JiaHTJIHBOM y» ilK H H y .

^ H a j i o r xM excay v k c h o ì ì y n p a B A O M a h u a p C M , K O T O p oro o n a npH H H M aeT 3 a c o 6 c T B e H H o r o c y n p y r a , c jiyacH T f lj ia p a 3 o 6 j ia H e H H a «H H T ejijiH reH T H O H » /K C h ih h h h , K0 T0 p a a y c x p a i iB a e x H o a H H y n a c T o a m u f i K n a p T u p H b iw cK aH A an . O S p a m e H H e M U a p a « c T a p y u iK a » M O J io A a m a a c a y n p a B A O M in a 6 b m a n p o c T O c p a a c e n a h H a 3 b i- B aeT H e a n a « x y jm r a H O M » .

OSoKpaACHHbiH e o c e / i TnMO(J)eeB— IIInaK cocxaBHJi AJia ynpaBAOMa ciihcok Hcae3HyBiiiHX B em eS. Q ih g o k sxox cjiyacHX tom hoh xapaK TepH CTH K O Ìi UlnaKa. JlH iuH BuiH Cb o /in o ro naxc(|)OHa, najibTO, OAHoro KocTioMa h t .a - IIInaK nojib3y- e x e a cjiyiacM 11 c o c x a B x a e x «rpaM oxy HHyio», o /in a K O rpo 3H biH b h a MoaHHa (ko- Toporo oh xaK>i ie3H yB m ero ijap a B 6 e ra iO T onpiiH H H K H . MHJiocJiaB- c k h h : «B h c m a c j i o , m o e a p u iq u ? R Bac c n p a m m a io , A p a r o n e n n b ie , b h c m A e j io ? KaKoìi n a p a 3 u m ocMejiHjica cjiOMaTb A s e p n b n a p c K o e n o M e u fe n u e ? ... i l >KAy o t - B eT a H a n o c m a e jie m b iù m h o i o e o n p o c ».

H a OTBeT A b a fc a , h t o a c m o h m cxB aT H JiH n apa , o h n a p u p y e x : « B w j ih ACMOHbi, 3T oro He ompuifaio, h o o h h AUKeuduposaAucb». / l a n c e o h BbinpoBa>KHBaeT o n p i m - h h k o b c TaKHMH cJ ioB aM H : « n p o n i y omtcmumb n a p c K y io vcuAtìAoufadb».

3 A e c b h o 6 p a in e H H e k onpH H H H K aM m o e a p u n fu , h n a p a 3 u m b co ceA C T B e c i^ap-

CKoe noMeu/enue, c 0 6 m ecT B eH H 0-n 0J iH T H < iecK H M n o c m a e u m b e o n p o c , h K a H u ejia - pH 3M o m ic m u m b O K iiA nA oufadb (A a e m e h i ia p c K y io !).

/Ibapc x o te x 3H a T b , O T K yA a B 3 a j ic a M H jx o c jia B C K n n b uap cK H X n a j i a r a x . B op oT B eM aeT : «3 , a m k exia, a o nero T bi j n o G o n b ix H b iì i ! T e6e 6 b i b y z o - A06H0M p03blCK€ CJiyK H Tb !» H aC TO IÌH H B bie BO npO Cbl AI>aKa BbI3bIBaK )T y M h j i o - c n a B C K o r o s a K o m ib ie a c c o u H a u H H c A o n p o c a M H b y r p o 3 b iC K e .

C n p n x o A O M u iB C A C K oro nociia B op -on T H M H C T M o 6 n J iH 3 y e T B c e c b o h c h j i h , h t o 6 h B b iìiT H H3 T p y A H o r o n o jio > K e i;H a : B eA b o h H e 3H aeT n iB eA C K o ro a t iK a .

O S p a i n a a c b k A b ai< yT : « H f f r e p e c H O 6 w XOTb b o d u fu x u e p m a x y 3 H a T b , h t o eM y x p e 6 y e T c a . . . T a K C K a3aT b u d e u m , cmmca». O T n y c K a a n o c j i a c M iip O M , o h J iio 6 e 3 H o n p o in a e T c a : « O p e B y a p . A y(|> B H A ep 3e eH » .

44 2 H 30JIB flA BbIPCTA

I l o c j i e n p o n o B e A H n a T p n a p x a , 3 a 3 /ip a B H e n a p a M n jio c jiaB C K H H a n j io a n p y e T KaK b T e a T p e : « B p a B o ! A m h h i> ! H p in e ro H e b CH Jiax n p n 6 a B H T b k B a rn e M y 6 j ie c T a - m e M y doKjiady, K p o M e o z m o r o c j i o B a — av iH H b !» H a 3 aM en aH H e / i b a n a , h t o o h h B o p o B « 3 a p é 6 p a B e m a io T » M H JiocJiaB C K H H c n e m r tT OTBeTHTb: « 3 t o t m i i h h h l i h nepezuó. C B o p a M H , ecjiH x o n e n ib 3 H aT b , H a a o o 6 p a i n a T b c a Manco». Y c r a Bo t ro c y a a p c T B e H H b ix ¿ ie ji, o h o 6 b a B jia e T «nepepbie m o6ed».

H to KacaeTca ynpaBflOMa, to Ha npoTaaceHHH Bceií komc^ hh aBTop, roBopao e ro exoflCTBe c uapevi HoaHHoiyr rpo3HbiM, Bce BpeMa noflnepKHBaeT h hxhcc- xoflCTBO. ByHrna — KapHKaTypa Ha HBaHa IV. E cjih rpo3Hbiií n apb b KBap'rnpe «BBepeHHoro» ByHrne flOMa HaBOflHT nopaflOK h KapaeT BHHOBaTbix, to SyHuia b pojiH n a p a HarJieeT, npno6peraeT 3JioBemHe nepTbi. E ro KaHHejiapcKO-6iopo- KpaTHnecKHH CTHJib 3ByMHT nanS ojiee Heneno b ycjioBHax snoxn X V I BeKa.

MHJioejiaBCKOMy oh acajiyeTca: «H u3ueMozaw no# mMMcecmbfo zocydapcmeeu- m ix npecm ynAem ü, K0T0pbie m h coeepiuuAii . . . KaK a noKaacycb Ha rjia3a Ha- meMy oóufeMy coópamto?» Y3HaB, h to ero acejiaeT BHASTb naTpnapx, ByHrna ceií- nac we nyraeTca: «B npncyTCTBHH CAyMcumeA.n xyAbma a He Mory HaxoflHTbca b KOMHaTe, a nora6».

noABbinHBHiHH MHJioc.naBCKHH npe,ajiaraeT H0B0aBjieHH0My uap io n o crp o - HTb T e a T p , H a h to ynpaBflOM cefinac ace oncjuncaeTca: « ü yace naMemuA K o e -K a - Kue Meponpunmun h p e in an , h to Haflo 6y/jeT HanaTb c yupeotcdenun McciKmoe».

npHXOfl uapnnb i h pioMKa KapaaMOHHOH npeo6paacaioT ByHiny; OKOHHa- TenbHO 3a6biBHiHCb, 3axMejieBiHHH ynpaBflOM c to ji Ha3biBaeT «ctojihkom », cjiyry «HeüOBeKOM», Tpe6yeT OTflejibHbiñ Ka6HHeT h noKa3biBaeT ce6a 3aBcer/iaTaeM pecTopaHOB, npHHCM fl0peB0j]K>HH0HHbix: «np o rn y Bac k HarneMy CTOJiHKy . . . HejioBeK! noHKH oflHH pa3 n a p n u e ! . . . (/JbaKy) CKaacaTe noacajiyñcTa, h to y Bac, HeT oTAejibHoro Ka6HHeTa?» Bo3BpameHHbiñ aom oíí, oh n p n BHfle m hjihhhh Tepa eT Becb an ji0M6 : «Kaw cb6 bin napeM , ho nod «AunnueM znychozo onbiTa MHxceHepa TnMoifieeBa» h fleMarorHHecKH 3aaBJiaeT: «C BOCToproM npedawcb e pyKu podnoü muauuuu, ita/ieiocb Ha Hee h ynoeaw». TaK 3aKaHHHBaeTca 4>aHTa- cTHHecKoe nyTemecTBHe ynpaBflOMa, 06a3aHH0CTb KOToporo cjieflHTb, h to 6h b flOM He npoHHKJiH Bopbi, h Bopa, KOTopoMy oh o6a3aH acH3Hbio. 3 t o nojiapHoe coneTaHHe flByx nepcoHaaceñ npaziaeT Bceñ chchc He TOJibKO KOMHHecKHií, h o h caTHpHHecKHH xapaKTep. C HpoHHeñ noKa3aHa MHJiHnna, HanBHaa h HepacToponHaa.

B M O M eH T, K or^a IIInaK oSbHBJiaeT n o Tejie

K O M EflH fl M . E y jirA K O B A «HBAH BACHJIbEBH'H» 4 4 3

H oro b KBapTHpy Bti3Baji, uapsi . . . i l He m>K>mH2 . . . C hocoxom . . . H to flejiaeTca! f la to mcct- Hoe cjiobo ! H y , a caM c e B n a c f l o 6 e r y f lo Bac, caM f lo 6 e r y !

ro to b h o c ti» IlinaKa, «flo6e»aTb» a o m hjihuhh BHTeKaeT m onbiTa jkh3hh, Korzia BepHee caMOMy noìiTH b m hjihhhio , LieM acaaTb ee npuG biraa. HenoBopoT- jiHBOCTb m hjihuhh pa3peiuaeT Bopy MHJi0CJiaBCK0My He TOJibKO c6e*aTb H3 Tiopb- m m , h o h n o 6biBaTb b najiaTe HBaHa IV, OTflaxb mBe/iaM KeMCKyio Bojiocrb h BepHyTBca b MocKBy, coBepuiHB «no nyTH» CHorcuJHoaTejibHbie Kpaacn.

M h j ih u h h (M H JiocnaB C K O M y): B a m e y z ioC T O B epenue?M n jio c jiaB C K H H : H y , n e r o v a o c T O B e p e u n e ? H t o ace y n o cT O B e p en H e ? M H jiocjiaB C K H H » , JK o p a c .M h j i h u h h ( p a u o c T H o ) : A ! T a K b m b M o c K B a , C T aJio 6 b iT b ? ( H a h t o B o p c k p o m h o OTBe-

H a e i : « H e C K po io . IJpuóbi.i paubiue epeMeuu»).

HTaK, KOMeflHH OKOHHCHa. ^IkHII, Hb3H rp03HbIH, MHJIOCJiaBCKHH, H3MeHa aceHH — Bce 3TO n jio a BocnajieHHoro M03ra HHaceHepa. CpejiH Bcex nepcoHaacen, nocTaBJieHHbix b ycjioBHbie, rporecKHbie oOcxojiTejibCTBa — H3MeHHJica o ah h Th- MO(|)eeB. Tlpocbinaacb, oh nyBCTByeT ce6a BHHOBaTbiM nepe/i aceHoìi, KOTopaa HyacaaeTca b 3a6oTe h BHHMaHHH, y n a c ra n h jik>6bh. 3 T a óaHajibHaa HCTHHa o t- KpbiBaeTcs HHaceHepy jihhh> bo CHe: «. . . BH/mun. jih , a npH3Haio cboio BHHy . . . a aeiicTBHTejTbHO TaK 3apa6oTajicfl, h to o 6pam aJi Majio BHHMaHHH Ha t c 6h b noc- Jie,zmee b p e \ia . . .» O craeT ca .noGaBHTb, h to b (panmacmimecKOM m e THMoc{)eeBa 3HHaHfla — aKTpnca BTopofi-TpeTbeH pyKH, KOTOpaa «CTaBHT» Ha pe>KHCcépa ÌIkh- Ha, Ha3biBaeT Myaca MaHepHO «KoKa», «KoKOHKa» «K okhh annapaT», a b Konue kom cahh OHa npHxoflHT flOMOìi ycTaJiaa nocjie peneTHHHH h óy^HT Myaca: «Kojih, 3T0 a» h HenyraBinHeb BH.ua e ro , npnóaBJiaeT: «Tbi TaK h He jioacHJica? KojibKa, Tbi c yMa coH aeuib, a Te6e roBopio. h Te6e cennac ziaw naio h jio>KHCb . . . Hejib- 3a TaK paSoTaTt». 3 t o npocToe o6pameHHe ripH/iaeT HOBBie KpacKH o6pa3y 3nHa- Hflbi MnxaHJioBHM, b h b o a h t ee H3 pa.ua (J)Hryp, noepeflCTBeHHbix h HecT0JH06nBbix aKTpHc-MemaHOK1.

4. II,BeT ii 3ByK b KOMC isni «IÌBan BacHJibeBHH», ee KHHeMaT0rpa(J)HHH0CTb.

K a s a jio c b 6bi p o jib ( b OTjiHHHe o t nbe c TlojioyMHbiù ÌKypòen, Jlon K uxom , E ez h f lp .) n r p a e T CBeTOTeHb. H p o H c x o z iH T n o c To a H H a a CMeHa Tb M b i h CBeTa. Cpe/ra peM apoK a B To p a , o TH o c a m n x c a k ocBemeHHio, H ax o flH M : «3 a T e M CBeT ra c H e T » , «K o M H a T a THMo

444 H 30JIbflA BbIPCXA

5KeHHHMH —• flJIfl 6 bICXpOÌÌ CMeHbl KapTHH BHyxpK OAHOrO H TOrO >Ke fleHCTBHJi; npH 3 to m He TpeSoB ajiacb nepeM eH a A e ico p a im l h 3aHaBeca. ByjiraKOB — peacnc- cep1 yne.ii AHHaMHHecKoe pa3BHTHe c o S w th h . H o , HaM Ka>KCTCH, h to sx h a b a UBC'i a CHMBOJTH3HpyiOT CIUC H H3BCHHMC nOHaXHa flo S p a H 3Jia, HpOrpeCCa II OTCTa- JIOCXH, BbICOKHX CTpeMJieHHH H y3K0JIHHHbIX HHTepeCOB, HayHHblX nOHCKOB h 6 0 - 33HH B eerò HOBOrO.

M y 3 b iK a b KOM eflHH H e c eT Tàrace c b o i o CTHAHCTHHecKyio H a r p y 3 K y . J le ìÌT M O - TiiBO M k n b e c e cn yacH X o n e p a M . n . M y c o p r c K o r o ncK oeum nm a. T e M a H B a H a T p o 3 H o r o n p e c j i e a y e x y x o M U H e H o r o h 3 a a e p r a H H o r o H 3 o 6 p e x a x e j ia . M e n x b i o M a u iH H e B peM eH H n p n n y a j i h b o n e p e n n e x a i o x c a b o CHe c ' j n o x o i i XVI B eK a h b o 3 - MoacHocxbio «Bbi30Ba» H B a H a IV b H a r n y c o B p e M e H H o c x b . A e c j in y n e c x b , (113 p e - M a p o K a B X o p a ) h x o p a f lH o p y n o p b n e p e A i i e i i , ycTaH O BJieH H biM yn p aB A O M O M , n e - p e ^ a e T « x p n n j i y i o M y 3 b iK y » , a a n n a p a x n o j io a c H x e j ib H o r o r e p o a « H 3 A a e x M e j io - flH H ecK H Ìi 3B yK », t o cxaH O B H X ca a cH O , h x o TTcKoeumHHKa, n c ic a a ceH H a a n j io x H M p a / i H o p y n o p o M , c x a n o B H x e a o 6 i h h m H aK a3aH H eM a c iu ib iiO B , a y n p a B A O M B y H iu a b o CHe H 3 o 6 p e x a x e j ia n p e B p a m a e x c a b n a p a H B a H a . H m b h h o a x a M y3b iK a n o M O - r a e x a B x o p y C 0 3 f la x b K,xacxc«, caM O c o - 6 o i i p a 3 y M e e x c a , K 0Ji0K 0Jib H biM 3 b o h o m n p n n o a B A e m in n a x p n a p x a , 3 j io b c iu ,h h m y M h H a o a x n p e A B e m a io T o n a c H o c i b A J ia B yH iH H h M H J io c jia B C K o ro — n S e r a io T B3 6 yH X O B aB iH H eca onp iiH H H K H . H o e c x b h x a x n e c h c h h , r ^ e M y 3 b is a c j i y x n x f l j ia C 0 3 fla H H a K O M H H ecK oro 3(j)(})eìKH,xanHH « o x - n p aB K H » AOMOH c yAOBOJibCXBHeM c j i y m a e x «onapoBaHHbie r y c n H » — r iaxecjioH . C K o p e e B eerò , s x o ceHxnivreHTajibHaa n e c e H K a . B n a j i a x e »ce c a M o r o H B a H a , 3 a 3H aM eH H X 0Ìi x p a n e 3 0 ì i B yH iH H h M H J io c jx a B C K o ro 3B ynH X T aryH H Ìi peHnxaxire r y c - j ia p o B . B o 3 6 y x c f le H H b iH b o a k o ì ì B y H m a x p e 6 y e x : « I ly c i c a H o h h p y M 6 y i i r p a f o x ! » H AeiicTBHxejibHO n o c j i e Toro, KaK y n p a B A O M H aH H H aex H a n e B a x b «coBpeMeHHbiti x a ír e n » , r y c A a p w n r p a i o x e r o . P y iv rS a 2 b n a A a x e H B a n a r p o 3 H o r o B b i3 b iB a e x B 3 p w B C M ex a 3 p H x e A b H o r o 3 a n a , x e M 6 o J ie e , h x o p y M 6 a b n c n o jiH eH H H r y c J ia p o B c o n p o -

BoacAaexca x a im a M H A syx n a p : B yH iH H h n a p H H b i, M H jio c A a B C K o r o h A^aica, k o - xopbiiì, no p e M a p x e a B X o p a , b o B p e M a p y M 6 w « o t y a c a c a p B e x H a c e 6 e b o j i o c h » . C u e n b i o n o A A e p a c a H H a , x a K c i< a 3 a x b , « a x M o c ( j)c p b i B p eM eH H B a H a F p o 3 H o r o » b KOMeAHK) B B eA eH a 6 a j u ia A a A. K. T o j i c x o r o «K m sb M n x a H J io P en H H H » 3 , K o x o p a a m aiotce c j iy 2 < n x c o 3 A a H H io « H B a H 0 r p 0 3 H 0 H » axM O CiJiepbr. n e p s a a n a c x b o a j u ia A b i KaK H e j ib 3 a J iy n u ie c o o x B e x c x B y e x 0 6 c x a H 0 BKe. B 3 J io M a B 6 y c [)ex H e3 a A a H J iH B o ro

c o c e A a T n M O (|)e e B a , Bop y c a a c H s a e x c a 3 a x p a n e 3 y , B e c e A o A eK J ia M n p y a : «Be3 ox-

1 EynraKOB olu i xopomo 3H3kom co cncm«j)HKOH Teaipa: c 1930 no 1936 r . o h pa6oTan b MXATe b flOJKKHOCTH peKHCcepa-accHCTema h flaace caM y^acTBOBan b nocTaHOBKax, o6Ha- pyjKHB He3aypaflHbiH aKTepcKHñ TaxcaHT.

2 B cneKTaKJie, n0CTaBJieHH0M b 1967 r. b O m c k o m Teaipe «paMii, My3MKanbHoe conpoBoac- neHHe b 3TOH citeHe — He pyM6a, h t o 6 b ijio m o a h h m b 30-x roflax, a jieT K a-en K a , h t o ycHJiHBaeT Ana 3pHTena KOHija 6 0 -x ro¡iou KOMHiecKHÜ 3(¡)(j)eKT clienti. H.a>icica jieTKH-eHKH b nanaTax HBaHa IV npeBpainaeTca b o BCTaBHOií KOHijepTHtiìi HOMep. (B. IIIopoxoB, i/um. pa6oma).

3 MmepecHO 3aMeTHTb, h t o EynraKOB Bti6paii a n n KonopHTa KOMeara h m c h h o 3Ty Sanjia^y. A b nefi aanbiiie r o B o p r n c a 06 yrpLiseHifax coBecTH napa HBaHa, KOToptiìi y6nBaeT CBoero Bep- h o t o h npeflaHHoro cnyry — 6oapHHa PeromHa, 0TKa3aBmer0CH HafleTb no npnKa3y napa j i h h h - Hy Ha rinpy onpmHHKOB.

KOM EfiHH M. E y n rA K O B A «HBAH BACH jlbLBMM» 4 4 5

jxu xa nnpyeT c apyacH H O H y a a j i o f i H ß a H B acH JibH H F p o 3HMH nofl MaiyiiiKOM- M ockboh. K o B m a M H 3ojio thm h ctojiob ojiMCTäeT pHfl, pa3ryjibH bie 3a h h m h OnpHHHHKH CHflüT».

H xoxa MnjrocjiaBCKHH Hayrafl OTKpbiBaex tomhk cxhxob, JieacaBiHHH Ha CTOJie, aBTop KOMe^HH AajieKO He «Hayrafl» «noACOBbiBacx» repoio hmchho sto CTHXOTBOpeHHe. CTPOKH 3XH TaK nOHpaBHJIHCb nepCOHaacy, HXO OH HHTHpyeT HX eme HecKOJibKo pa3 b pasHbix oñcxoaxejibcxBax.

*

T e c H a a cbh3i> cobctckoh komc/ihh c K HHeM aT0 r p a (j)0 M O T M en a n a c b mhothmhKpHTHKaMH--- H 3TO, IiecOMHCHHO, TaK. >Kanp KOMCAHH, OCOÖeHHO CaTHpHHCCKOH,npHBjieKaji h khho h TeaTp cbohm HeHcnepnaeMHM pa3Hoo6pa3HeM. Pa3Hoo6pa3- Hbi cioacexbi, yM03aKjiK)HeHHa, paKypcbi. Booöme, KOMHnecKHe HecooTBeTCTBHa >kh3hh HeHcnepnaeMbi, s to 3HaeT Kaac^biii H3 coöcTBeHHoro onbixa. «Pa3- Hooöpa3He bxojiht b nonarae komhhcckoto»1. KaK b khho, TaK h b Teaxpe 6ojibiuy;o pojib nrpaeT TeMn h ph tm komc/hih, a xaoce pa3yMHaa A03np0BKa CMeuiHoro; Beat H3BecTH0, h to Hejib3a CMearbca HenpepbiBHO. O/maKO, caMii KHHeMaTorpa(j)HCTbi eme pe.nKO oopamaioTca k nHcaTejiaM-ioMopHCTaM, cbohm coBpeMeHHHKaM. He 3a6y/ieM, h to b sxo BpeMa njiofloxBopHO paöoTajiH TaKHe «MacTepa CMexa» KaK M. 3omeHico, B. KaTaeB, E. PoMamoB, 3HaMeHHTaa napaH. Hjib(J) h E. IleTpoB, iiaKoneu, M. EyjiraKOB. Hx npHBueneHHe b khho npoH- 30H/ICT HecKOJibKO no3ace; HCKOTopbie H3 HHX He nonaflyx Tyaa HHKor.ua.

Ecjih npocjieflHTb 3a tcm , h to aßjiaeTca o6 t.cktom ocmchhhh b khhokomcahh, t o b HitHO, h to caTHpH3aHHH nojtBepraioTca Te ace aBJieHna acH3HH, h to h b Tea- TpajitHbix KOMe^Hax. TeaTpajibHbiñ peacnccep, cnenapncx h nocTaHOBmHK khho- (j)H.ibMa ffea dpyza, Mode.ib 11 nodpyza A. IlonoB b cioacexe cBoeii KOMeflHH nepeKjiHKaeTca c M . EyjiraKOBbiM. nojioaaixejibH bie repon Jiem bi IlonoBa — kom- COMOJIbHbl ;iepeBHH, 3HTy3HaCTbI-K0HCTpyKT0pbI, BCflymHe 6opb6y 3a CBOe H30- öpexem-ie c uejibiM cohmom ßiopoxpaxoB Bcex paHroB. O tfojiockh Tex ace npo- 6jreM, h to h b KOMe^HH M. BynraKOBa HyBCTByioTca b (})HJibMe JT. MepHaKa 120 mucHH e zod, nocsamsHHOM 6opb6e HHxejijiHreHHHH c oöbiBaxejiaMii. KoMe/ma HMejia ycnex em e h noTOMy, h to b Heii ÖJiecHynn cbohm MacTepcTBOM xor;ia eme Mojioflbie KOMeflHHHbie aKTpHCbi M apem caa h TanKHHa2. BbiCMCHBajine öiopoKpa- TH3Ma npOHCXOflHT b TajiaHTjiHBoií JieHTe peacHCcepa H. BnHorpaziOBa Tpyn de rope. Bce 3t h khhokomcahh c nbecoii M. ByjiraKOBa (h flpyrnx KOMe^Horpa^OB) poflHHT HenpHMHpHMOCTb K 6iopoKpaTH3My, MemaHCTBy, jHOflCKOH nomJiocTH H ypofljiHBHM aBJieHHCM 3CH3HH nepHO.ua H3ITa. EcTb h em e o/iHa nepxa, 06 'bejH- Haiom aa KOMe^HH khho h TeaTpa — o6pa3bi nojioacHTejibHbix Ko.vie/iHKHbix re- poeß. nepcoHaacH A. IlonoBa, JI. HepHaKa, H. BHHorpaflOBa, B. PoM amoBa, M. ByjiraKOBa — s to jxkxxh, nepe,u kotopm m h hobbih CTpoH oTKpbiJi HencHepnaeMbie

1 HD. lOpeHeB, CoeemcKa.n KunoKOMedun, MocKBa, 1961 r., CTp. 23.2 HanOMHHM, h to B TeaTpe c a ra p w , r a e nbeca Mean Bacu.neeuH 6bina npHHüTa k nocTa-

HOBKe, p o n a HcnoJiHajiH jiy u rm e a p r a c r a TeaTpa: . KypHXHH, E. Mw.iioTHna, f l . K apa-flM H - TpueB, ü . Tlojlb.

44 6 H 30JIbA A BbIPCXA

B03M03CH0CXH AJIH TBOpLICCKOH MbICJIH, npHpOAHOÌÌ CMeXJIHBOCXH1. OHM He JIHUieHbl HCJioro paA a HeaocTaTKOB, noAHac JiHinb npocTO CMeuiHbi, ho rayS o ico CHMna- XHHHbl 3pHTejIIO SeCKOpHCTHeM CBOHX nOMblCJIOB H AeìÌCXBHH, CBOCH nOJIHOH np0THB0H0JI05KH0CTtK) MHpy M eujaH H H3nMaH0B.

IloHBjieHHe 6ojibm oro KOJiHHecxBa caxnpHHecKHX npoHìBe/iennii b khho h TeaTpe CBHAexejibcxBOBano He xoAbico o Hans«uh KOHTpacTOB b cobcxckoh »ch3hh, ho h o 3pejiocTH coBercKoro HCKyccTBa, KOTopoe b nepHOfl peuiHxejibHoro Hacxy- n n e m a coni-iaura Ma ynacxBOBajio >khbo h HenocpeACXBeHHo KaK b Kjiacc0B0Ìi 6opb6e, TaK h b C03/iaHMH h o bhx HejioBenecKHx B3anMOOTHOuieHHÌi. Hxo Kacaexc» hhcxo KHHeMaxorpa(})HMecKHX cpcacxB, xo KOMeAHfl M. ByjiraKOBa HecoMHeHHo KHHeMaxorpaHHHa. Box hxo roBopnx o KHHOMaxorpac|)H4Hocxn cneicxaiuia I \ ¿1. ToBcxoHoroB. «MHe Kaxcexca, hxo pe>KHCcepy He HyacHO oxKa3biBaxbCH ox «KHHe- Maxorpac})H4ecKoro» Biì/iennx GyAymero cneicxaKjia . . . X o ji Hauinx Mbicneìt aoji- >kch 3aBHCHXb He xojibKO ox B03M0»CH0CxeH xeaxpa, HO H OT flpyrax CMe>KHbIX bhaob HCKyccxBa, b nepByio onepeAb ox Jinxepaxypw h KHHeMaxorpa K H b ix n a c x e ì i :I — 3H aK 0 M c x B 0 c n o j io x c H x e j ib H b iM r e p o e M , I I — n p u x o A x e H b i , I I I — n oH B jieH H e Y A b H H b i, I V — K p a a c a y H ln a ic a , V — • n a c x b 6 o j i e e o S b e iv r a a , t c m o c x a j ib H b ie — B y i i m a , B o p h TH M oeeB, I I — o n e H b S o n b u i o i i , c o c x a B J ia io iH H H e z u iH o e n e j i o e — u a p b , 3 n n a n A a h Ì I k h h , I I I — ■ u a p b h y j i b j n i a , I V — n a p b n p e ^ n a r a e r H ln a ic y M O H exy . F I o h x h B c e n o c j ie f l H e e AeHCXBHC — I n a c x b M O H xaaca — n a j i a r a u a p a H B a H a , r ,x e H a x o - A a x c a B y H u ia h B o p . f l j i s 6 o j i b u i e ì i 3 p H x e n b H 0 H B b ip a 3 H x e j ib H o c x H b K H H eM axo- rp a ^ H H ecK O M p e m e H H H a x o x K yco K m o > k cx n e p e Ó H B a x b c a I I I h I V c u e n a M H , H3 I I A e H c x B M , h x o S m n o K a a a x b n a p a n j ie j ib H O , h x o a e . i a c x x o 3 » h h n a p c K H x n a j ia x b m o c k o b c k o h K B a p x n p e 3. 3 a x e M H A eT CHOBa o S m c h r ep o H M H h r n 6 e j ib a n n a p a x a H 3 o 6 p e x a x e j ia . I lo c A e A H a H n a c x b — - n p o 6 y>KAeHHe T H M O ^ e e B a c n p n x o A O M aceH bi. 3 n H a H A a , x a K cKa3axb, o 6 p a M J ia e x k o m c a h i o . K a x o v i y cneAyex Ao6aBHXb, h x o n y A e c H o e n e p e H e c e H H e r e p o e B b o x A a j ie H H y io s n o x y c n o M o m b io K H H e \ia x o r p a (} )H - necK H X c p e A c x B 0 K a 3 a A 0 C b 6 h 6 o u e e o 6 p a 3 H H M , m cm b x e a x p e . 11 p n c b e M K e r p a H H H a Me>KAV c h o m h p e a J ib H o c x b io h o h x h c x n p a j r a c b 6 b i ( n e r o H e n b 3 a x e a x p a A b -

1 B. IIIopoxoB, H3 nyuieK n o e o p o ó b .iM , «Teaxp», 1968 r., JVs 3, naibiBacT THMO(J)eeBa «tmitom HacToamero y^CHoro».

2 «TearpajibHaa >KM3Hb», 1958 r., Ma 2, CTp. 19.3 vBcnoMHHM o>KHBJieHHe nony3a6biToro npiieMa pa3jiejieHHa 3KpaHa Ha 2 nacTM y C. B oh-

flapqyKa b 4>HJibMe Boti uà u Mup: HaTama toboph t MaTcpti, a Eojikohckhìì I lb e p y — o CBoeit nroÓBH.

KOM EflHH M. E yjirA K O B A «HBAH BACMJlbEBMH» 4 4 7

HbiMH cpe^cTBaMH), a HMeHHO 3Toro h flo6nBajiC5i aBTop. H to KacaeTca o6a3aTejib- HOH fl03Hp0BKH CMCIUHOrO, KaK HenpeMeHHOrO yCJIOBHH KHHOKOMeflHH (h He TOJibKO KHHO-) t o HaM noKaxajiocb He6e3biHTepecHbiM npoB epnrb 3To Ha npHMepe pa30H- paeM oii nbecbi. YHHTbiBaa, h to kom hhcckhh 3(j)(})eKT co3^aeTca b zipaMaxypriiH npeacfle Bcero pcnjnncaMH repoeß, mm pa3o6paJiH «Bepimnibi» h «naaeHHe» cMexa Ha npHMepe oaH oro I aeiiCTBHH (hcxo/ih H3 3pHTenbCKoro BocnpHaraa). B o t h to nojiyHHJiocb:

A

___ / \ _ ^ / i ___ A ___ A _____A _ / \ _ A ___ /

O tcio ,a a BbrreKaeT, h t o K O M e a n a M . B y jir a K O B a « M ß a u B a cm ib e B H H » o T B e n a e T B ceM T p e 6 oB aH H 3 M K H H eM aT orp a(})a , a e c j m H e 6 b iJ ia b c B o e B p e M a 3 KpaHH3H p o - B a H a , t o n o n p n LiM iiaM , o t a B T O p a H e 3 a B H c a iu n M . M b i H e c o M H eB ae M ca , h t o n p n - f le T B p e M a , K o r a a O H a 3 a m n e p e c y e T K o ro -H H Ö y flb H3 ta n a H T jiH B b ix p e x a ic c e p o B , n jio flO T B o p H O p a o o T a io m H x b o G u a c T H c a r a p b i h flO H ^ eT AO M a c c o B o r o 3 p H T e jia b C B oeM K H H eM aT0rpa(|jH H C C K 0M B a p n a H T e 1.

Bo3Bparuaacb k z ib v m n ocT aH O B K aM M e a n a B a cu /ib e e u u a — b O m c k o m .n p aM - T e a T p e h M o c k o b c k o m T e a T p e K H H o a K T e p a — o 6 e B 1967 r o a y — c jie ,n y e T c i c a 3 a T b , hto, c y ^ a n o p e u e H 3 n a M , n b e c a B y n r a K O B a 6 b iJ ia n o H a T a TOJibKO KaK k o m h h c c k h h 3HH30.H H a u i e i i > k h 3 h h 4 0 - j ie T H e f i a a B H o c T H 2. C n p a B e flj iH B b iM n p e .a c T a B J ia c T c a H aM KpHTHKa B . I l I o p o x o B b iM c n e K T a K jia O m c k o t o f lp a M T e a T p a , r f le n b e c a B y jira K O B a 11p n 0 6 p e .u a a B H b ie n e p T b i B O fleB H Jia . B e f lb ö y j i r a K O B C K i i i t K iM o p B c e r ^ a rop H H T , K O M e^H a M e a n B a c u A b e e m B b i3 b iB a eT n p n ir re h h h H e t o j i b k o C M ex , h o h r p y c T b . K a B T o p y K O M eaH H B n o jiH e O T H O c a T c a c j ie r t y io m i ie c j i o ß a ü . f l . A H H era co B a : «X o- p o m n e j o M o p n c T b i B c e r .u a T p a r H K H n o H a T y p e h n o c y m H O c r a c o 3 e p n a H H a : F o r o j i b , repneir, C ajiT b iK O B »3. HaniH 3aM eT K H o K O M eg n n B y jir a K O B a M e a n B a c ii Abe a im xoneTca 3aK 0 HHHTb c jio B a M H E. K o jiM a H O B C K o ro : «B e r o K H H rax H eT h h c j i o ß a jd k h n p O T H B C O G c T B e H H b IX M b lC J ie ì i H B 3 rjia n O B . O CBO HX fly M a X , 0 C O Ö C T B C H H blX H C K a - HHHX H M H C H H aX O H OTKpbITO H n p f lM O TOBOpHT b o B c e x CBOHX n p o r o B e a e m i a x » 4 .

OBSERVATII ASUPRA STILULUI SI LIMBII COMEDIEI «IVAN VASIL’EVIC»DE M. BULGAKOV

(Rezumat)

Articolili este consacrai unei studieri detaliate a comediei „Ivan Vasil’evic", operä a cunos- cutului scriitor §i dram aturg sovietic M. Bulgakov.

Din necssitäfi de metodä, studiul a fost im pärtit in cìteva capitole: Limba personajelor, Culoarea f i sunetul in comedie etc.

1 K a n H aM C T a n o h 3 b c c t h o H3 c o b c tc k o M n e n a r a , J I . F a i i n a ä H eaaB H O n p u c T y n u n K 3K paH H 3aU H H KOMCflHH.

2 «Aktcpckhc y a a ia npHo6maK)T Hac k BeceJibio HenpHHyweHHOMy h 3apa3HTexrbHOMy, KaKoe He iacTo aaerca aBTopaM cneKTaKJieä Kyaa ßojiee coBepuieHHwx» — imraeT kphthk BayMaH b «CoBeTCKOH Kyjibxype» ot 21.1.1967 r.

3 IlH T H pyeT C H n o KHH re JI. E p i n o ß a , ConemcKan camupmecKan npo3a, M o c K B a , 1966 r . , CTp. II.

4 Bo3gpauiemie Muxaujia EyjieaKoea, « H e B a » , 1956 r . , N° 6.

44 8 H30JIBHA B tlPC TA

în introducere, referindu-se la meritele lui M. Bulgakov — romancier, autoarea subliniazâ câ scriitorul a fost în acelafi tim p un dram aturg înnàscut. Capitolul cel mai amplu este cel referitor la lim bâ — elementul prim ordial al operei. în tr-un ait capitol se constata legàtura dintre aceastà comedie fi alte genuri aie a rte i — de pildà, o evidentâ struc tu ra cinematograficâ a piesei. Studiind respectiva operâ — mai putin cunoscutà decit altele apar^inînd dram aturgului sovietic — autoarea porneste de la pr_misa cà ,,în piesele lui Bulgakov nu exista fapte nesemni- ficative", încercînd sà motiveze fiecare episod din desfàfurarea ac(:iunii, la care se referà. De asemenea, autorea încearcà sâ facà o legaturâ în tra expresia artisticâ folosita de dram aturg fi specificul gîndirii sale. In ten tia autoarei de a privi piesa lui M. Bulgakov ca pe un tô t u n ita r, alcatu it din strînsa interdependen^à a componentelor sale, are drept cauzâ aspectul cîte o datâ unilatéral al unor stud ii lingvistice sau de exegezâ literarà pe aceastà tem â, în care analizarea conjlnutului de idei sau a lim biiprevaleazà evident în detrim entul celorlalti factori.

Articolul prezintàrezum ativ unele recenziiprivind douâ m ontâri aie piesei ,,Ivan Vasil’eviê", realizate în Uniunea Sovieticâ.

OBSERVATIONS SUR LE STYLE ET LA LANGUE DE LA COMÉDIE «IVAN VASIL’EVIC »DE M. BULGAKOV

(Résumé)

L’article est consacré à l’étude détaillée de la comédie „Ivan Vasil’evic", oeuvre de l’écrivain e t dram aturge soviétique bien connu, M. Bulgakov.

Pour des raisons de méthode, l’étude a été divisée en quelques chapitres: La langue des personnages, La couleur et le son dans la comédie, etc.

Dans l'introduction, l’au teur souligne, en parlan t des m érites de M. Bulgakov, romancier, q u ’il a été, dans le même tem ps, un dram aturge inné. Le chapitre le plus étendu est celui qui porte sur la langue, élément prim ordial de l’œuvre. Dans un autre chapitre, on constate le lien qui existe entre ce tte comédie e t d ’autres genres de l ’art, p ar exemple l’évidente structure ciném atographique de la pièce.

E n analysant cette œuvre — moins connue que d ’autres de la dram aturgie soviétique — l’au teur p a r t de la prémisse qué „ dans les pièces de Bulgakov il n ’y a pas de faits dépourvus de signification“ ; elle argumente, dans ce sens, chacun des épisodes qui se déroulent pendant l’action. Elle é tab lit également un rapport entre l’expression artistique utilisée par le dram aturge e t caractère spécifique de la pensée de celui-ci. L ’in tention de l’auteur de considérer la pièce de Bulgakov comme un to u t unitaire, résu lta t de l'é tro ite interdépendance de ses éléments composants, trouve son origine dans l’aspect parfois unilatéral de certaines études linguistiques ou d'exégèse littéraire sur ce thèm e, dans lesquelles l’analyse du contenu d'idées ou de la langue prend le pas avec évidence au détrim ent des autres facteurs.

On présente en résumé quelques comptes rendus concernant deux mises-en-scène de la pièce „Ivan Vasil’evic“, réalisées en Union Soviétique.

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