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M.Battaglieri & G.M.Urciuoliper conto della collaborazione JLAB12INFN -GE, INFN-RM1Italy

Commissione Scientifica Nazionale IIITorino 16 Settembre 2013

L’esperimento JLAB12 : stato e prospettive

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Sommario✴ Jefferson Lab a 6 GeV e progressi verso l’ upgrade a 12 GeV✴ Il programma di fisica a Jlab.✴ JLAB12: la collaborazione italiana a Jlab

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✴ Fascio primario: Elettroni✴ Energia del fascio: 4 GeV (iniziale)

• 10 > λ > 0.1 fmtransizione nucleone → quarkstati eccitati barionici e mesonici

✴100% Duty Factor (cw) Beam• esperimenti in coincidenza• Tre fasci simultanei di energia e intensità variabili indipendentemente e in modo complementare, esperimenti lunghi

✴ Polarizzazione (fascio e prodotti di reazione)• gradi di libertà di spin• correnti neutre deboli

I parametri del CEBAF

6 GeV nel passato 12 GeV prossimamente

L > 106 x SLAC al tempo degli esperimenti originali DIS!La luminosità di JLab12 aumenterà di un fattore 10 x

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Jefferson Lab nel passato (6 GeV)

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The 12 GeV upgradeIl disegno e le performance del CEBAF hanno reso l’upgrade in energia “facile”.

• Le cavità RF del CEBAF eccedono le specifiche di disegno di un 50%• Ottenuta di routine un’energia massima di fascio di 6 GeV (energia

massima • nominale: 4 GeV)• ARCS puo’ fornire un fascio di elettroni sino a 24 GeV

✴ Upgrade dell’acceleratore ✴ Costruzione di nuovi apparati per Hall A, B e C✴ Costuzione di una nuova sala sperimentale (Hall D)L’upgrade del CEBAF a 12 GeV (la più alta priorità del

2007 NSAC Long Range Plan) è quasi ultimato•Il progetto è “on cost and on schedule” e quasi completato•Le operazioni iniziali con il fascio inizieranno in Hall A nella prima metà del 2014 e l’acceleratore sarà completamente operativo entro giugno 2015Il programma di ricerche a 12 GeV sta evolvendo rapidamente

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CEBAF @12 GeV

CHL-2

Upgrade magnets and power supplies

Enhance equipment in existing halls

Add new hall

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Gli apparati per Jlab a 12 GeV

Hall D – Rivelatore GLUEx per esperimenti di fotoproduzione

Hall B – Rivelatore a grande accettanza CLAS12 for misure a grande luminosità (1035cm-2s-1)

Hall A – Spettrometri ad alta risoluzione e un nuovo rivelatore multipurpose a grande accettanza Hall C – Super High

Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS)

short range correlations, fattori di forma e nuovi esperimenti : SOLID, MOELLER, SBS

Determinazione precisa delle proprietà dei q di valenza nei nucleoni e nei nuclei

Comprensione della struttura del nucleone via GPDs and TMDs e spettroscopia adronica

Le origini del confinamento attraverso lo studio dei mesoni ibridi

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Time schedule & Costi 16 mesi di installazione : maggio 2012 – settembre 2013

Commissioning Hall A inizia: febbraio 2014Commissioning Hall D inizia: ottobre 2014Commissioning Hall B/C inizia: gennaio/febbraio 2016Completamento del progetto: marzo 2017

18 maggio 2012: completato il programma a 6 GeV !

✴12 GeV - Total project cost: 310M$✴~75% completed (~90% obligated) at June 2013✴Base equipment fully funded by DOE✴JLAB12 (Italy) contributes to extra equipment

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Missione scientifica di Jlab

✴Capire come gli adroni sono formati dai quark e dai gluoni✴Capire le basi della QCD per la forza nucleone-nucleone✴Esplorare i limiti della nostra comprensione della struttura nucleare

• Alta precisione• Corte distanze• La transizione dalla descrizione nucleone-mesone alla descrizione da QCD

✴Per fare progressi in queste aree dobbiamo rispondere a una serie di ✴interrogativi:

• Qual’è il meccanismo del confinamento?• Dove la dinamica dell’interazione q-q compie una transizione dal regime forte (confinamento) al

regime perturbativo QCD (tipo QED) ?

Esplorare nuova fisica attraverso test di alta precisione del Modello Standard

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JLab12 science:today and in the 12 GeV era

✴Nucleon Structure• EM, EW, and Flavor-Separated Form Factors• Transverse Momentum Distributions (TMD)

✴Nuclear Structure and the Quark Structure of Nuclei• Hypernuclear Physics

Quark Electro-Weak Couplings and Standard Model Tests

✴The Physics of Confinement – the Search for Hybrid Mesons

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NUCLEON STRUCTUREfrom elastic form factors to TMDs & GPDs

The Proton and Neutron arethe “Hydrogen Atoms” of QCD

What we “see” changes with spatial resolution

>1 fmNucleons

0.1 — 1 fmConstituent quarksand glue

Q = 1

S=1/2 S=1/2

Q = 1

< 0.1 fm“bare” quarksand glue

S=1/2

Q = 1

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NUCLEON STRUCTUREfrom elastic form factors to GPDs

Elastic Scatteringtransverse quark distribution in Coordinate space(charge and current

densities)

X. Ji, D. Müller, A. Radyushkin (1994-1997)

Deep Inelastic Scattering

longitudinalquark distributionin momentum space(momentum and helicity distributions)

Deep Exclusive Scatteringfully-correlated quark

distribution in both coordinate and momentum space(GPD&TMD)

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JLab data on the EM form factors provide a testing ground for theories constructing nucleons from quarks and glue

Before JLab and Recent non-JLab Data

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JLab data on the EM form factors provide a testing ground for theories constructing nucleons from quarks and glue

Today, including new JLab Data

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JLab data on the EM form factors provide a testing ground for theories constructing nucleons from quarks and glue

Today, including new JLab Data, compared to theory

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Form Factors – Plans for 12 GeV

Today

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Form Factors – Plans for 12 GeV

JLab at 12 GeV

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SBS Spectrometer in Hall A

SiD

UVaJLabINFNRutgers U.College WM

⇓Form Factors at high Q2Precision SIDIS

• High luminosity• Moderate acceptance• Forward angles • Reconfigurable detectors

U. of GlasgowNorfolk State U.Carnegie Mellon U.U. of New Hampshire

JLab12 Responsibility•Front Tracker (GEM+SiD)•Readout Electronics (FT)

BA, CT, GE, ISS, RM1

SBS Tracker :• Based on the recent GEM technology and Silicon Microstrips• Large chamber, small dead area, minimum material budget, for high luminosity

experiments

Front Tracker GEM construction process

Electronics based on APV25 chipRadiation Tolerant Components in FECVME64x compliant readoutModular

Stretching

Gluing the nextframe with spacers

Sanità/BA: Test and characterization by cosmics

CT

GE

used in Olympus

Foils from GEMRevision

Noise level ~ 10 ADC unit

(Analysis example)

Front Tracker GEM construction process

Electronics based on APV25 chipRadiation Tolerant Components in FECVME64x compliant readoutModular

Stretching

Compressing (uniform gluing, remove air from glue and contact surfaces)

Sanità/BA: Test and characterization by cosmics

GE

used in Olympus

Foils from CERNRevision

Noise level ~ 10 ADC unit

(Analysis example)

GluingFrame

Integrate electronics, gas pipes, HV ...)

CT/Clean Room

Primi moduli GEM finali 40x50 cm2

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BigGEM in solenoid

Small GEM, ref.

BigGEM as 2xGEM, ref.

X y

Beam Profile

2x2 small scintillators as telescope for triggerOne big GEM in solenoid open spaceOne big GEM beyond the magnet as reference

trackingBasically all final components under test (big

GEMs, electronics, gas system, cabling ...)Analysis in progress ---

Solenoid

Clean hits vs time x

y

Rivelatore a microstrisce di silicio:

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Guard Ring PAD (500x90 µm2)

DC PAD for bonding (200x40 µm2)

Strip Pitch 50 µm

105 mm

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Circuiti stampati per il piano X e il piano Y

Piano YPiano X

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Sistema completo con elettronica di lettura

APV25

Kapton

Backplane

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SBS Tracker: summary• Participants:

• INFN/BA – gas system and test• INFN/CT – GEM assembling, mechanics, test, analysis• INFN/GE – electronics design • INFN/ISS – design, test, analysis and coordination• INFN/RM1 – Silicon tracker• JLab, Glasgow, UvA, Ruthers, UNH, CMU – SBS collaboration

• Funding: (prototyping and realization) 1 M$

• Status: most of the components procured or ordered; GEM assembling underway; characterization in progress. Silicon Microstrip prototype ready by the end of 2013. Silicon microstrip planes ready by the end of 2014.

• Expected installation 2015 (delayed by JLab/HallA schedule)

• Note: project delayed by ~ 1 year – due mainly to foil delivery and first

quality check failures. Do not affect JLab plan!

HCAL-J Design

Each module:15 cm x 15 cmLayered scintillator and iron

288 modules for JLab HCALExisting HCAL1 in COMPASS

HCAL-J based on COMPASS HCAL1

Replicatewith smalldesign modifications

24 M

odul

es (3

60cm

)

12 Modules (180 cm)

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Integral WLS/ Light guide Acrylic with Coumarin-7 impregnated surface5 mm thick

40 layers20 mm iron /5 mm scintillator

Novel light guide for 1 in PMTS

Steel casing

Hole in downstream light guideLi

ght G

uide

/WLS

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Publ

ished

Study Λ-N Interaction potential

Hypernuclei at JLab

Experimental requirements:- Excellent Energy Resolution- Detection at very forward angles (6°→septum magnets)

- Excellent PId for kaon selection →RICH- High luminosity

Reactions Investigated: 9Be→9LiΛ (3 spin doublets, information on Δ)

12C→12BΛ (evidence of excited core states → sN contribution)

16O→16NΛ (unmatched peak may indicate large sΛ term)

H →Λ,Σ0 (elementary process)

Experiment E94-107Hypernuclear spectroscopy9Be (e,e’k+) 9

ΛLi reaction

Thanks to energy resolution improvements a clear three peak structure appears in the excitation energy spectrum. RM1, ISS

Analisi dell’esperimento sulla produzione di ipernuclei a Jlab completamente in mano alla collaborazione italiana:- M. Iodice, F. Cusanno et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 052501 (2007) (ipernucleo 12

ΛB) - F. Cusanno, G.M. Urciuoli et al., Phys Rev. Lett. 103 202501 (2009) (ipernucleo 16

ΛN) - G.M. Urciuoli, F. Cusanno, S. Marrone et al. Sottomesso a PHYS REV C

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Experiment E06-007208Pb(e,e’p)207Tl and 209Bi(e,e’p)207Pb cross sections at true

quasielastic kinematics (xB=1, q=1 GeV/c, ω=0.433 GeV/c ) and at both sides of q Never been done before for A>16 nucleus

RM1, ISS

★ Determine the spectroscopic factors dependence with Q2

★ Long range correlations: not needed!★ Relativistic effect in nuclei: needed!

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Lead (208Pb) Radius Experiment: PREX

208Pb

Elastic Scattering Parity Violating Asymmetry

E=1GeV, J=5o e on lead

Hall A Collaboration Experiment

A neutron skin established at ~93 % CL Neutron RadiusRN = 5.78 + 0.16 - 0.18 fmNeutron Skin RN - RP = 0.33 + 0.16 - 0.18 fm

PREX-IIApproved by JLab-PAC (Aug 2011) with high rating

RM1

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Future equipment for PaVi experiments at JLab

SOLID (PV e- - q scattering + SIDIS) - PV e-quark - High precision TMD