Master ENS 2004 - ORegan. la nature des sensations sentir des choses différentes –dans une...

Master ENS 2004 - O’Regan


la nature des sensations

• sentir des choses différentes– dans une modalité sensorielle– dans différentes modalités

• sentir plutôt que rien sentir


Le problème de la conscience phénoménale

Brain mechanisms Sensations

Sensory inputs

Actions


Sentir = exercer une habilité sensorimotrice


detailed internalrepresentation

le cerveau génère savoir et actions

le cerveau génère les sensations

vision classique nouvelle vision


sensory input = f ( action )

Sensorimotor Contingencies(D. M. MacKay, 1956)


Feeling Softness

knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of softness

are currently being obeyed.


Seeing Red

knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of red are

currently being obeyed.


“Red” is the way red things change the light (Broackes, 1992)


Non-uniformity of color sampling


Dual Purkinje Eye Tracker(Françoise Vitu & Denis Lancelin)


Aline Bompas with split-field glasses


Previous efforts

• Kohler 1951 +

• Mc Collough 1965 -

• Harrington 1965 -

• Leppman & Wieland, 1966 +


Forced choice

more yellow-ish more blue-ish


Judging white after removing glasses

010

203040

5060

708090

100

0.7 0.75 0.8 0.825 0.85 0.875

eyes to blue sideeyes to yellow

% responses “blue”

color


big change

expanding flow

shifting flow

nothing

big change

no change

increasing amplitude

asynchrony

big change

nothing

blink:

move forward:

turn sideways:

cover ears:

cover eyes:

SEEING HEARING

Intermodal differences


Tactile VisualSensory Substitution

Bach y Rita (1972; 1984)


testingP. Meijer’s

“The vOICe”

(M. Auvray)


Audio-Tactile SubstitutionAline Bompas, Kevin O’Regan

right microphone

Vibrator on right leg

left microphone

Vibrator on left leg

isolating head phones


QuickTime™ et un décompresseurcodec YUV420 sont requis pour visualiser

cette image.

Master ENS 2004 - O’ReganBotvinick & Cohen, 1998


Seeing Straightness

knowing that sensorimotor contingencies typical of

straightness are currently being obeyed.


RETINALSTIMULATION

CORTICALREPRESENTATION

SCENE


Cortex

Retina

Visual field


What is a sensorimotor law?

S = f(M)

INTRINSIC

way of describing relation which is independent of the code

(Differential geometry, Lie Groups)


QuickTime™ et un décompresseurIntel Indeo® Video 5.0 sont requis pour visualiser

cette image.

Philipona, O ’Regan & Nadal, Neural Computation 2003


QuickTime™ et un décompresseur sont requis pour visualiser

cette image.

Philipona, O ’Regan & Nadal, Neural Computation 2003


Why is sensory experience different from other mental phenomena?

Corporality/Bodiliness– tight link to body motions

Alerting capacity/Grabbiness– transients incontrovertibly

grab attention


Corporality/Bodilinessif voluntary motions systematically affect

input

e.g. visual, auditory, etc.also: proprioceptionnot: autonomic sensory pathways


Alerting Capacity/Grabbiness

capacity to peremptorily interfere with cognitive processing

(can cause exogenous attentional capture)e.g. visual, auditory pathways, etc.not: vestibular, proprioceptive, autonomic sensory

pathways


Remembering

corporality alertingcapacity

-- --


Seeing


+++ +++


"raw feel"


remember -- --

see +++ +++


"raw feel"


remember -- --

feel rich + -

drive ++ -

see +++ +++


alerting capacity

vision, hearing

pain

INCREASING SENSORYFEEL

thought, memory

obsession, worry

proprioceptionrichness

happinessloneliness

fearlove

embarassment

vestibular sense

driving

touch, smell

corporality


EXERCISING A SKILL !

The experience of softnessE. Myin


The experience of softnessE. Myin

EXERCISING A SKILL !

COGNITIVELY ENGAGING IN


cognitively engaging in:

Having an experience

the exercise of a skill

thinking, remembering motor skills:

perceiving:

different qualities

Sensory Quality Phenomenality

bodiliness & grabbiness

bodiliness


A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness

J.K.O’Regan & A.Noë

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 2001

http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr


La conscience phénoménale en une phrase

Avoir une sensation (perceptive) = être en train d ’accéder au savoir qu ’on exerce actuellement une habilité sensorimotrice d ’un type spécifique

spécificités des habilités sensorimotrices perceptives:

monde comme source d ’informations (mémoire externe)

corporalité

capacité d ’alerte


Mystères de la conscience phénoménaleMYSTERE EXPLICATION DONNEES

ineffable habilités pratiques,

pas d'accès cognitif

qualité distinctives

intra- et inter-

modales

habilités différentes

selon les modalités

adaptation couleurs

substitution

sensorielle

qualité plutôt que rien

(something it's like)

habilités différentes

comparés à autres

activités mentales

"présence" corporalité et

capacité d'alerte

cécité aux

changements


Ressources

Transparents du cours et autres infos: http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr

Articles en ligne sur la conscience: http://www.u.arizona.edu/~chalmers/online.htmlPSYCHE http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/JCS http://www.imprint.co.uk/

Abstracts de conférences régulières:ASSC http://www.assc.caltech.edu/Tucson (Toward a Science of Consciousness) http://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/tucson/index.html

http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr/






http://www.u.arizona.edu/~chalmers/online.html







http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/







Quelques suggestions d’articles 1!! = contraire de mon approche; * = compatible mais n’expliquant pas la P-consciencetrès neuro:

* Moshe Bar & Irving Biederman, Localizing the cortical region mediating visual awareness of object identity (awareness area)

* Nancy Kanwisher, Neural events and perceptual awareness (review on NCC)!! Christof Koch (NCC)!! Gabriel Kreiman, Itzhak Fried, & Christof Koch (Single neuron awareness)Erik D. Lumer *and Geraint Rees (Awareness and rivalry)Lumer, Friston & Rees (aware percepts in rivalry)Maknik & haglund (optical images correlate with percept not with input)Sahraie, L. Weiskrantz, J.L. Barbur, et al (aware and unaware areas in blindsight)D.L. Sheinberg & N. Logothetis (aware vs unaware neurons in rivalry)!! R. Srinivasan, D.P. Russell, G.M. Edelman, & G. Tononi !! G. Tononi, R. Srinivasan, D.P. Russell, & G.M. Edelman (awareness in large numbers of

synchronous neurons)!! S. Zeki, S. Aglioti, D. McKeefry, & G. Berlucchi (V1-V2 wavelength; V4 color constancy)


Quelques suggestions d’articles 2plutôt psycho ou philo:

* Bernard Baars (comparison of aware and aware states)** Chalmers (phil discussion of NCC: good!)!! Churchland (misguided hope in neural hypotheses)!! Cotterill (master module)!! Crick & Koch (time for NCC!)!! Eccles (presynaptic vesicular grids of the boutons )? Hernegger (how brain generates sensations? Interesting?)** Hurley & Noë (cortical dominance and deference)Rees, Kreiman & Koch (review on NCC)!! John Smythies (biochemical basis of coma)** Ruediger Vaas, (Why neural correlates of consciousness are fine, but not enough (seems good!)* Baars (global workspace article)* Myles Bogner, Uma Ramamurthy, & Stan Franklin, Consciousness and conceptual learning in a socially situated agent (seems interesting!)!! Stanislas Dehaene, Michel Kerszberg, and Jean-Pierre Changeux !! Stevan Harnad Consciousness: An afterthought (an attempt to account for P-consc. Interesting?)!* Anthony Jack & Tim Shallice, Introspective physicalism as an approach to the science of consciousness (doesnt explain P-consc?)!!!! Steven Lehar, Gestalt isomorphism (mystical?)* Don Mathis & Michael Mozer (temporally stable computational states…)* Josh McDermott, Global workspace theory: Consciousness explained? (interesting critique of Baars)?? George McKee, The engine of awareness: Autonomous synchronous representations (somehow time provides qualia…)


Sensory consciousness

J.K.O’Regan & A.Noë, A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 5, 2001

Corporality/Alerting Capacity (bodiliness/grabbiness)J.K.O’Regan, E. Myin & A.Noë, Towards an analytic phenomenology (in

press)

D. Philipona, J.K.O’Regan, J.-P. Nadal, Is there anything out there? Inferring space from sensorimotor dependencies. Neural Computation (in press).

Phenomenality

Sensory Quality

Mathematics: Inferring Space

http://nivea.psycho.univ-paris5.fr

Master ENS 2004 - ORegan. la nature des sensations sentir des choses différentes –dans une...

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