LTE_ASTELLIA

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Table des illustrations.........................................................................................................................................5

Introduction générale..........................................................................................................................................7

CHAPITRE 1 : ...................................................................................................................................................8

1 Contextes et architectures liés à la technologie LTE ...............................................................................9 1.1 Historique des réseaux mobiles..........................................................................................................................9 1.1.1 Les évolutions des réseaux mobiles..............................................................................................................9 1.1.2 Terminologie ..............................................................................................................................................10 1.1.3 Les objectifs de la technologie LTE ...........................................................................................................10 1.2 Architecture générale du réseau : l’EPS...........................................................................................................10 1.2.1 L’E-UTRAN...............................................................................................................................................12 1.2.2 L’EPC (Evolved Packet Core)....................................................................................................................14 1.3 Interfaces et protocoles.....................................................................................................................................14 1.3.1 L’interface radio Uu ..................................................................................................................................16 1.3.2 L’interface S1 .............................................................................................................................................19 1.3.3 L’interface X2 ............................................................................................................................................21

CHAPITRE 2 : .................................................................................................................................................23

2 Gestion de la mobilité ............................................................................................................................24 2.1 Les états de fonctionnement (terminal states)..................................................................................................24 2.2 Etablissement de session ..................................................................................................................................25 2.2.1 Le Paging....................................................................................................................................................25 2.2.2 Requête de service ......................................................................................................................................26 2.2.3 Activation de bearer dédié .........................................................................................................................27 2.3 Mobilité en mode LTE-IDLE...........................................................................................................................27 2.3.1 Principes de resélection de cellule : ............................................................................................................27 2.3.2 Gestion de la position du terminal ..............................................................................................................28 2.3.3 Enregistrement auprès de multiples TA (Multi-TA Registration) ..............................................................29 2.3.4 Mise à jour de Tracking Area .....................................................................................................................30 2.4 La mobilité en mode actif (mode LTE-ACTIVE)............................................................................................33 2.4.1 Handover intra LTE avec support X2.........................................................................................................33 2.4.2 Handover intra LTE sans support X2 .........................................................................................................34

CHAPITRE 3 : .................................................................................................................................................36

3 La qualité de service dans LTE..............................................................................................................37 3.1 Le bearer EPS..................................................................................................................................................37 3.1.1 Definition....................................................................................................................................................37 3.1.2 Les différents bearers EPS .........................................................................................................................37 3.1.3 Traffic flow template (TFT) .......................................................................................................................37 3.1.4 Les différents sous-systèmes du bearer EPS..............................................................................................37 3.1.5 Existence des bearers dans les différents modes ........................................................................................39 3.2 Les paramètres de qualité de service................................................................................................................39 3.2.1 E-RAB Level QoS parameter .....................................................................................................................39 3.2.2 UE Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate .............................................................................................................42 3.2.3 APN-AMBR - APN Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate...................................................................................42

CHAPITRE 4 : .................................................................................................................................................43

4 Les interfaces S1 et X2 : informations exploitables...............................................................................44 4.1 Interface S1 ......................................................................................................................................................44 4.1.1 Fonctions générales ....................................................................................................................................44 4.1.2 Fonctions de mobilité pour l’UE dans le mode LTE-ACTIVE ..................................................................45 4.1.3 Fonctions de coordination...........................................................................................................................45 4.1.4 Fonctions de sécurité ..................................................................................................................................45 4.1.5 Fonctions d’accès au réseau et aux services ...............................................................................................45 4.1.6 Fonction de gestion des infos du RAN .......................................................................................................45 4.2 Interface x2 : ....................................................................................................................................................45

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4.2.1 Support de la mobilité Intra-LTE-Access-System (coté réseau d’accès) pour un UE en mode CONNECTED............................................................................................................................................46

4.2.2 Gestion de charge .......................................................................................................................................46 4.2.3 Coordination des interférences inter-cellules..............................................................................................46 4.2.4 Fonctions de gestions générales de X2 et gestions des erreurs...................................................................47 4.2.5 Echange de données niveau application entre eNodeBs.............................................................................47

CHAPITRE 5 : .................................................................................................................................................48

5 Les informations d’identités contenues dans les différents messages LTE ...........................................49 5.1 Protocole d’application AP ID: ......................................................................................................................49 5.1.1 eNB UE S1AP ID:......................................................................................................................................49 5.1.2 MME UE S1AP ID:....................................................................................................................................49 5.1.3 Old eNB UE X2AP ID: ..............................................................................................................................49 5.1.4 New eNB UE X2AP ID:.............................................................................................................................49 5.2 RNTI (Radio Network Temporary Identifiers) ................................................................................................49 5.3 TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identities)..........................................................................................49 5.4 EPS Bearer ID .................................................................................................................................................50 5.5 ECI (E-UTRAN Cell Identifier).....................................................................................................................50 5.6 MME Group ID................................................................................................................................................50 5.7 eNB ID (eNodeB Identifier).............................................................................................................................50 5.8 IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) ............................................................................................50 5.9 TA ID (Tracking Area Identity) .......................................................................................................................50 5.10 ECGI (E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier) ........................................................................................................50 5.11 Global eNB ID (Global eNodeB Identifier) .....................................................................................................51 5.12 MME Identifier ................................................................................................................................................51 5.13 GUTI (Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity)............................................................................................51 5.14 GUMMEI (Globally Unique MME Identifier).................................................................................................51

CHAPITRE 6 : .................................................................................................................................................52

6 Les différents IE envoyés sur les différentes interfaces ........................................................................53 6.1 Sur l’interface X2.............................................................................................................................................53 6.1.1 Procédures basiques de moblité..................................................................................................................53 6.1.2 Procédures globales ....................................................................................................................................54 6.2 Sur l’interface S1..............................................................................................................................................56 6.2.1 Messages relatifs a la gestion du e-rab .......................................................................................................56 6.2.2 E-rab release command ..............................................................................................................................57 6.2.3 E-rab release request...................................................................................................................................57 6.2.4 Message relatifs à la gestion du contexte...................................................................................................57 6.2.5 Message relatifs au handover......................................................................................................................59 6.2.6 Paging.........................................................................................................................................................61 6.2.7 NAS - TRANSPORT..................................................................................................................................62 6.2.8 Procédures de gestion .................................................................................................................................64

CHAPITRE 7 : .................................................................................................................................................67

7 Algorithme de suivi du mobile...............................................................................................................68 7.1 Gestion de la TAI (tracking area identity) List ................................................................................................68 7.2 Liaison entre le contexte de signalisation et celui de données .........................................................................71 7.3 L’algorithme de suivi .......................................................................................................................................75 7.3.1 Suivi du mobile sur l’interface S1 ..............................................................................................................75 7.3.2 Suivi du mobile sur l’interface X2..............................................................................................................80 7.3.3 Lien entre les contextes sur S1 et X2..........................................................................................................82

Conclusion et perspectives ...............................................................................................................................84

Annexe 1 : Les différentes procédures liées au bearer ....................................................................................85 Activation d’un dédicace bearer .......................................................................................................................................85 Bearer Modification..........................................................................................................................................................86 Bearer deactivation ...........................................................................................................................................................88

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Annexe 2 concept de pool area et S1-flexibility (ou S1-flex) ..........................................................................90

Annexe 3 Proposition d’algorihtme de suivi du mobile ...................................................................................91

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UTRAN/EPC [TS 36

UTRAN [TR 08

MME [TS 36.410]

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1 Voir section suivante 1.1.2

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Figure 1 : Pile protocolaire du plan usager [TR 23.882]

Figure 2 : Architecture LTE/SAE (Source [Réf 4])

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Figure 3 : Division Fonctionnelles EUTRAN/EPC [TS 36.401]

2 Voir annexe 2

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Figure 4 : architectures EUTRAN [TR 08.008]

[TR 08.008]

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Figure 5 : RNL (Radio Network Layer) et TNL (Transport Network Layer) [TS 36.401]

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Figure 6 : structure protocolaire interface S1 et Uu [TS 36.401]

Figure 7 : Pile protocolaire du plan usager Figure 8 : Pile protocolaire du plan de contrôle

4 Inspire de

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Figure 9 : canaux logique dans la LTE (Source [Réf 6])

Figure 10 : canaux de transport dans la LTE (Source [Réf 6])

Figure 11 : Mappage canaux logique canaux de transport (sens descendant/sens montant) (Source [Réf 6])

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Figure 12 : Architecture de l’interface S1[TS 36.410]

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Figure 13 : Structure protocolaire interface S1MME [TS 36.410]

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Figure 14 : Structure protocolaire interface S1U [TS 36.420]

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Figure 15 : Structure protocolaire interface X2 [TS 36.420]

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6 X2 User plane interface 7 X2 Control plane interface

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8 C’est à dire n’est pas dans l’état LTE-ACTIVE 9 Voir section 2.3.2

Figure 16 : Machines à états RRC et MM

Figure 17 : Transitions entre les états

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10 Sous entendu « se détacher » 11 Voir figure 17

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Figure 18 : Exemple de requête de service initié par l’utilisateur

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Figure 19 : Exemple d’activation d’un bearer dédié

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12 Bien que ceci soit imposé en fait par la MME – voir page 33 -Résumé sur la tracking area 13 Précisément la MME

Figure 20 : Le mobile est enregistré dans les TA1, TA2 et TA3

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14 List dénommée TAI List – voir page 33 – Résumé sur la Tracking Area

Figure 21 : Exemple de Tracking Area Update

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HSS

9a. PCEF Initiated IP-CAN Session Modification

9. Update Bearer Request

(A) 11. Create Bearer Response

4. Context Request 2. TAU Request

new MME old MME/ old S4 SGSN

new Serving GW PDN GW

5. Context Response 6. Authentication / Security

12. Update Location 13. Cancel Location

14. Cancel Location Ack

18. Delete Bearer Request

19. Delete Bearer Response 20. TAU Accept

21. TAU Complete

7. Co ntext Acknowledge

old Serving GW

3. TAU Request

eNodeB UE

8. Create Bearer Request

10. Update Bearer Response

17. Update Location Ack

(B)

1. Trigger to start TAU procedure

RNC

15. Iu Release Command 16. Iu Release Complete

PCRF

Figure 22 : flux de messages pour un TAU inter-MME

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Figure 23 : architecture mobilité intra LTE avec support X2

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15 En effet cette interface est facultative

Figure 24 : mobilité intra LTE avec support X2

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Figure 25 : mobilité intra LTE sans support X2

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Figure 26 : Les différents bearers (cf. TS 36.300)

Serving GW PDN GW eNB

Radio Bearer S5/S8 Bearer

Application / Service Layer

UL-TFT ! RB-ID

DL Traffic Flow Aggregates

DL-TFT

DL-TFT S5/S8-TEID

RB-ID " S1-TEID

S1 Bearer

S1-TEID S5/S8-TEID

UE

UL Traffic Flow Aggregates

UL-TFT

Serving GW PDN GW eNodeB

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UE

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Figure 27 : Two Unicast EPS bearers (GTP-based S5/S8)

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17 S8 est la version en roaming de l’interface S5, liaison entre la S-GW du réseau visité et la PDN-GW du réseau home de l’abonné (UE)

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Access Network (B side)

IP

Application / Service Level

Send/Rcv

Access Network (A side)

Send/Rcv

UEPDNGW

Scope of the standardized QCI characteristics UE PDN

GWScope of the standardized

QCI characteristicsBackbone

IP


Send/Rcv


Send/Rcv

UEPDNGW

Scope of the standardized QCI characteristics Server Backbone


IP


Send/Rcv


Send/Rcv

UEPDNGW

Scope of the standardized QCI characteristics UE PDN


QCI characteristicsBackbone


IP


Send/Rcv


Send/Rcv

UEPDNGW

Scope of the standardized QCI characteristicsUE

PCEFScope of the standardized QCI characteristics UE PDN


QCI characteristics UE PCEF Scope of the standardizedQCI characteristicsBackbone

IP


Send/Rcv


Send/Rcv

UEPDNGW

Scope of the standardized QCI characteristics Server Backbone

IP


Send/Rcv


Send/Rcv

UEPDNScope of the standardized

QCI characteristicsUEPCEF Scope of the standardized

QCI characteristics Server Backbone

Figure 28 : Portée du QCI dans le réseau

QCI Resource Type

Priority Packet Delay

Budget

Packet Error Loss

Rate

Example Services

1 2 100 ms 10-2

Conversational Voice

2

GBR 4 150 ms 10

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Conversational Video (Live Streaming)

3 3 50 ms 10-3

Real Time Gaming

4 5 300 ms 10-6

Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)

5 1 100 ms 10-6

IMS Signalling

6 6

300 ms

10-6

Video (Buffered Streaming), TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file

sharing, progressive video, etc.)

7 Non-GBR

7

100 ms

10-3

Voice, Video (Live Streaming)

Interactive Gaming

8 8

300 ms

10-6

9 9

Video (Buffered Streaming), TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file,

sharing, progressive video, etc.)

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18 Tracking Area Code 19 E-UTRAN Cell Identifier

M C C

N ot m o re th an 15 d igits

3 d igits 2 or 3

M N C M SIN

NM S I

IM S I

Figure 29 : représentation IMSI

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Figure 30 : IMSI, GUTI, EGCI, Global eNB ID et TA ID

Figure 281 : Relation entre le GUTI, le GUMI et le MME ID

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20 Information Element

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21 Uplink GPRS Tunneling Protocol Tunnel End Point IDentifier

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23 Confère 2.3.4 P.32 pour connaitre comment cette liste est remplie et mise à jour

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24 Voir page 32 –Résumé sur la Tracking Area

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25 Cette section peut être mieux comprise en se servant du schéma de la page 31- Résumé sur la tracking area

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SCTP

IP

Data link layer

S1-AP

Physical layer

Radio Network Layer

TransportNetworkLayer

Control Plane

R A N A P

Iu - P S C o n t r o l P la n e

S C C P - S A P

M 3 U A

I P

D a ta L in k

S C T P

S C C P

Figure 32 : comparaison piles protocolaires interfaces S1 et Iu (control plane)

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26 Sous entendu le message HANDOVER REQUEST à comme ID (qui nous intéresse) MME S1 AP ID

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3. Create Dedicated Bearer Request

MME Serving GW PDN GW PCRF

4. Bearer Setup Request/ Session Management Request

5. RRC Connection Reconfiguration

2. Create Dedicated Bearer Request

6. RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

7. Bearer Setup Response

10. Create Dedicated Bearer Response

eNodeB UE

(A)

(B)

1. PCRF Initiated IP-CAN Session Modification, begin

12. PCRF Initiated IP-CAN Session Modification, end

11. Create Dedicated Bearer Response

8. Direct Transfer 9. Session Management Response

Figure 29 : Dedicated Bearer Activation Procedure

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4. Bearer Modify Request/ Session Management Request

5. RRC Connection Reconfiguration

2. Update Bearer request

6. RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete

7. Bearer Modify Response


11. Update Bearer response

UE eNodeB

(A) 1. PCRF Initiated IP-CAN Session Modification, begin


9. Session Management Response 8. Direct Transfer

Figure 30 : Bearer Modification Procedure with Bearer QoS Update

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(A)

UE eNodeB MME Serving GW PDN GW PCRF HSS

2b. Update Bearer Request



(B)

6. Procedure as in TS 23.401, steps 3 to 10 of Figure 5.4.2.1-1 or steps 3 to 8 of Figure 5.4.3-1


1. Insert Subscriber data

4. PCEF Initiated IP-CAN Session Modification

8. Provision Ack

. 2a. UE Ctxt Update

1a. Insert Subscriber data Ack

Figure 31 : HSS Initiated Subscribed QoS Modification

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4. Downlink NAS Transport

5. Direct Transfer


eNodeB UE

( B )


1. PCRF Initiated IP-CAN Session Modification, begin


6. Direct Transfer

7. Uplink NAS Transport



Figure 32 : Bearer Modification Procedure without Bearer QoS Update

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(B)

(A)

3b. Delete Bearer Request


4. Deactivate Bearer Request

5. Radio Bearer Release Request


6a. Radio Bearer Release Response

6b. Deactivate Bearer Response

8b. Delete Bearer Response

9. Delete Bearer Response

eNodeB UE

1. IP-CAN Session Modification

10. IP-CAN Session Modification

3a. Delete Bearer Request

SGSN

8a. Delete Bearer Response

7a. Direct Transfer

7b. Deactivate EPS Bearer Context Accept

Figure 33 : PDN GW Initiated Bearer Deactivation, UE in active mode

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2. Request Bearer Deactivation

eNodeB UE

3. Request Bearer Deactivation

1. Indication of Bearer Release

(A)



7. Procedure as in TS 23.401, Figure 5.4.4-1, between step 4 and step 7 and step 9

(B)

4. PCEF Initiated IP-CAN Session Modification

0. Radio Bearer Release



Figure 34 : MME initiated Dedicated Bearer Deactivation

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1. Request Bearer Resource Modification

2. Request Bearer Resource Modification

eNodeBUE

3 . R equest Bearer Resource Modification

(A) 4. PCEF Initiated IP-CAN Session Modification, begin

6. PCEF Initiated IP-CAN Session Modification, end

5. Dedicated bearer activation or Dedicated bearer modification procedure as per Figure 5.4.{1,2,3}-1, between 2 and 9, or Dedicated bearer deactivation procedure as per Figure 5.4.4.1-1, from step 2 to 9

Figure 35 : UE requested bearer resource modification

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Figure 36 : Connectivité entre le réseau d’accès et le cœur et S1-flex

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2G 2nd Generation 3G 3rd Generation 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project ACK Acknowledgement ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio AKA Authentication and Key Agreement AM Acknowledge Mode AMBR Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate APN Access Point Name APN-AMBR APN Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate ARQ Automatic Repeat Request AS Access Stratum BCCH Broadcast Control Channel BCH Broadcast Channel BER Bit Error Ratio BS Base Station BSR Buffer Status Reports BTS Base Transceiver Station CCCH Common Control Channel CCH Control Channel

CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CGI Common Gateway Interface CGI Cell Global Identifier

CMC Connection Mobility Control CN Core Network CP Cyclic Prefix C-plane Control Plane CQI Channel Quality Indicator CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check C-RNTI Cell RNTI CS Circuit Switched DCCH Dedicated Control Channel

DCH Dedicated Channel DL Downlink

DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPCH Dedicated Physical Channel DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel

DRX Discontinuous Reception DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel ECGI E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier ECM EPS Connection Management EMM EPS Mobility Management eNB E-UTRAN NodeB eNodeB Evolved Node B EPC Evolved Packet Core EPS Evolved Packet System E-RAB E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer ESM EPS Session Management E-UTRA Evolved UTRA E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN FDD Frequency Division Duplex FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network

GSM Global System for Mobile communication

GTP GPRS Tunnelling Protocol GTP-C GPRS Tunnelling Protocol for Control

Plane GTP-U GPRS Tunnelling Protocol for User

Plane GUMMEI Globally Unique MME Identifier GUTI Globally Unique Temporary Identifier GW Gateway HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest HFN Hyper Frame Number HLR Home Location Register HO Handover HRPD High Rate Packet Data HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access HSS Home Subscriber Server HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access ID Identifier/ Identity IE Information Element IMSI International Mobile Subscriber

Identity IP Internet Protocol L1 Layer 1 (physical layer) L2 Layer 2 (data link layer) L3 Layer 3 (network layer) LB Load Balancing LCR Low Chip Rate LLC Logical Link Control LTE Long Term Evolution

MAC Medium Access Control

MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service

MBR Maximum Bit Rate

MCC Mobile Country Code

MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme MIB Master Information Block MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output MME Mobility Management Entity MMEC MME Code MNC Mobile Network Code M-TMSI M-Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity MSISDN Mobile Subscriber Identification Number

NACK Negative Acknowledgement NAS Non-Access Stratum NCL Neighbour Cell List NSS Network Sub System OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiplexing OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiple Access

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PACCH Packet Associated Control Channel

PCCH Paging Control Channel PCH Paging Channel PCEF Policy and Charging Enforcement

Function PCO Protocol Configuration Options PCRF Policy and Charging Rules Function PD Protocol Discriminator PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol PDN Packet Data Network PDN GW Packet Data Network Gateway

PDP Packet Data Protocol PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel PDU Protocol Data Unit P-GW PDN Gateway PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator

CHannel PHY Physical layer PHY Physical layer PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PPP Point-to-Point Protocol PRACH Physical Random Access CHannel PRB Physical Resource Block PS Packet Switched PSC Packet Scheduling PTI Procedure Transaction Identity PUCCH Physical Uplink Control CHannel PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel QCI QoS Class Identifier QoS Quality of Service QPSK Quadrature (Quaternary) Phase Shift

Keying RAB Radio Access Bearer RACH Random Access Channel RA-RNTI Random Access RNTI RAT Radio Access Technology RB Radio Bearer REL RELease Rel-8 Release 8 RF Radio Frequency RL Radio Link RLC Radio Link Control RNC Radio Network Controller RNL Radio Network Layer RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identity ROHC Robust Header Compression RR Radio Resources RRC Radio Resource Control RRM Radio Resource Management S1AP S1 Application Protocol S1-MME S1 for the control plane S1-U S1 for the user plane SAE System Architecture Evolution SAP Service Access Point SC-FDMA Single Carrier – Frequency Division

Multiple Access SCH Synchronization Channel SCTP Signalling Common Transport

Protocol SDF Service Data Flow SDMA Spatial Division Multiple Access SDU Service Data Unit SFN System Frame Number S-GW Serving Gateway SI System Information SN Sequence Number SPID Subscriber Profile ID for

RAT/Frequency Priority

SR Scheduling Request SRB Signalling Radio Bearer S-TMSI S-Temporary Mobile Subscriber

Identity SU Scheduling Unit TB Transport Block TCP Transmission Control Protocol TDD Time Division Duplex

TEID Tunnel Endpoint Identifier TFT Traffic Flow Template TI Transaction Identifier TM Transparent Mode TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber

Identities TNL Transport Network Layer TTI Transmission Time Interval

UDP User Datagram Protocol UE User Equipment UE-AMBR UE-Aggregate Maximum Bitrate UL Uplink UM Un-acknowledge Mode UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication

System U-plane User plane URAN UMTS Radio Access Network UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access X2-C X2-Control plane X2-U X2-User plane

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LTE_ASTELLIA

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