lopment and Coordination (DEDC)
47
DUSEL Experiment Development and Coordination (DEDC) NSF Visit March 19 & 20, 2008 Steve Elliott, Derek Elsworth, Larry Murdoch, Tullis C. Onstott and Hank Sobel
Transcript of lopment and Coordination (DEDC)
DU
SEL
Expe
rimen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n (D
EDC
)N
SF V
isit
Mar
ch 1
9 &
20,
200
8St
eve
Ellio
tt, D
erek
Els
wor
th, L
arry
Mur
doch
, Tul
lis C
. Ons
tott
and
Han
k So
bel
Purp
ose
Bro
adca
st re
cent
act
iviti
es to
war
ds th
e de
velo
pmen
t of a
de
ep u
nder
grou
nd s
cien
ce a
nd e
ngin
eerin
g la
bora
tory
(D
US
EL)
Sha
re s
cien
ce o
ppor
tuni
ties
with
the
rese
arch
and
aca
dem
ic
com
mun
ity b
eyon
d th
ose
alre
ady
enga
ged
with
in D
US
EL-
rela
ted
activ
ities
Sol
icit
inpu
t fro
m N
SF
rega
rdin
g ho
w D
US
EL
can
best
ser
ve
thei
r nee
ds a
nd th
e ne
eds
of th
eir r
esea
rch
cons
titue
ncie
s
Out
line
Why
DU
SE
L?R
ecen
t Pat
h an
d C
urre
nt S
tatu
s of
DU
SE
LS
ocie
tal I
mpe
rativ
es fo
r Geo
-Sci
ence
and
Geo
-Eng
inee
ring
Ove
rvie
w o
f Pro
pose
d D
US
EL
Sci
ence
Pla
n (O
bjec
tives
)U
nder
grou
nd U
nive
rse
(Phy
sics
and
Ast
roph
ysic
s)R
estle
ss E
arth
(Geo
scie
nce)
Dar
k Li
fe (B
iolo
gy)
Gro
und
Trut
h (G
eoen
gine
erin
g)
Wha
t Will
Be
the
Ben
efits
of D
US
EL?
(Out
com
es)
The
Pat
h A
head
Phys
ics
and
Ast
roph
ysic
s G
rand
Q
uest
ions
Cov
erag
e of
the
gran
d qu
estio
nsW
hat i
s th
e D
ark
Mat
ter?
Exp
lora
tion
and
expl
oita
tion
of n
eutri
nos
to
unco
ver t
he o
rigin
of m
ass
and
mat
ter,
and
to u
nder
stan
d th
e su
nA
re p
roto
ns re
ally
sta
ble?
Orig
ins
of th
e E
lem
ents
?W
hy s
tudy
the
Uni
vers
e fro
m 1
-2 m
iles
unde
rgro
und?
are
like
a w
hisp
er in
Man
hatta
n tra
ffic
Inte
rest
ing
parti
cles
of a
stro
phys
ical
orig
in
13 in
tera
ct w
hen
pass
ing
thro
ugh
the
who
le e
arth
!D
etec
tors
as
pure
and
mas
sive
as
poss
ible
Rec
ent E
volu
tion
of D
USE
L
2000
:Hom
esta
ke c
losu
re a
nnou
ncem
ent.
Mee
ting
with
Ear
th
scie
nce
and
phys
ics
com
mun
ities
2001
: Und
ergr
ound
Sci
ence
Mee
tings
; Ear
th s
cien
ce, p
hysi
cs a
nd
geom
icro
biol
ogy
wor
ksho
ps20
02: N
SF
visi
t, A
RM
A/N
RC
and
NeS
S m
eetin
g20
03: A
RM
A-N
SF
and
Ear
thLa
b re
ports
2004
: NS
F S
-pro
cess
ann
ounc
emen
t, S
-1 w
orks
hops
Inau
gura
l Wor
ksho
p B
erke
ley
Aug
ust 2
004
Geo
Sci
ence
and
Geo
Eng
inee
ring
Bla
cksb
urg
Nov
embe
r 200
4B
io-a
nd G
eo-s
cien
ces
Bou
lder
Jan
uary
200
5S
ynth
esis
M
inne
apol
is J
une
2005
2005
: S-2
app
licat
ions
, H
-H s
elec
tion
+ 2,
AG
U to
wnh
all,
S-2
wor
ksho
ps20
06: C
DR
-100
for S
3 &
S-1
Rep
orts
2007
: CD
R-2
50 fo
r S-3
Hom
esta
ke S
ite S
elec
tion
Est
ablis
h D
ED
C a
nd D
esig
n In
itial
Sui
te o
f Exp
erim
ents
2009
MR
EFC
App
licat
ion
2011
Initi
al S
uite
of E
xper
imen
tatio
n
AR
MA
-NS
F-N
eSS
W
orks
hop
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Petr
oleu
m a
nd N
atur
al G
as R
ecov
ery
In S
itu M
inin
gH
DR
/EG
SPo
tabl
e W
ater
Sup
ply
Min
ing
Hyd
rolo
gyW
aste
Con
tain
men
t/Dis
posa
lD
eep
Was
teIn
ject
ion
Nuc
lear
Was
teD
ispo
sal
CO
2Se
ques
trat
ion
Cry
ogen
icSt
orag
e/Pe
trol
eum
/Gas
Site
Res
tora
tion
Aqui
ferR
emed
iatio
nU
nder
grou
ndC
onst
ruct
ion
Civ
ilIn
fras
truc
ture
Min
ing
Und
ergr
ound
Spac
eSe
cure
Stru
ctur
es
Scie
ntifi
c R
atio
nale
&
Soc
ieta
l Im
pera
tives
Mai
nly
Geo
Mec
hani
cs
Mai
nly
Geo
Hyd
rolo
gy
Bot
h G
eoH
ydro
logy
an
d G
eoM
echa
nics
Spat
ial s
cale
, x,y
,z
Dep
th, z
->
4D -
Exp
erim
ents
with
in a
blo
ck o
f roc
k (~
km-s
cale
) at d
epth
and
at i
n si
tute
mpe
ratu
re a
nd s
tress
.
Acc
ess
to fl
uids
and
gas
with
min
imal
co
ntam
inat
ion
for m
olec
ular
stu
dies
.
Cap
abili
ties
to c
hara
cter
ize
the
rock
bl
ock
at m
ultip
le s
cale
s.
Acc
ess
to c
ontro
lled
ener
gy s
ourc
es.
Pro
xim
al a
cces
s to
cle
an la
bora
tory
, fa
bric
atio
n fa
cilit
ies
and
uni
que
tech
nolo
gies
.
Why
DU
SEL?
The
Geo
-Uni
vers
e Sc
ienc
e Q
uest
ions
Dar
k Li
fe (B
iolo
gy)
How
dee
p do
es li
fe g
o?D
o bi
olog
y an
d ge
olog
y in
tera
ct to
sha
pe th
e w
orld
und
ergr
ound
?H
ow d
oes
subs
urfa
ce m
icro
bial
life
evo
lve
in is
olat
ion?
Did
life
on
earth
orig
inat
e be
neat
h th
e su
rface
?
Res
tless
Ear
th (G
eosc
ienc
es)
Wha
t are
the
inte
ract
ions
am
ong
subs
urfa
ce p
roce
sses
?A
re u
nder
grou
nd re
sour
ces
of d
rinki
ng w
ater
saf
e an
d se
cure
?C
an w
e fo
rew
arn
of e
arth
quak
es?
Can
we
view
com
plex
und
ergr
ound
pro
cess
es in
act
ion?
Gro
und
Trut
h (G
eoen
gine
erin
g)W
hat l
ies
betw
een
bore
hole
s?H
ow c
an te
chno
logy
lead
to a
saf
er u
nder
grou
nd?
How
do
wat
er a
nd h
eat f
low
dee
p un
derg
roun
d?
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Bio
-Geo
-Eng
Lab
orat
ory
Cam
pus
+ W
hole
-min
e ac
tiviti
es (6
0 le
vels
)
Ros
sY
ates
#5 S
haft
4850
L 7400
L
#6 W
inze
#4 S
haft
8000
L
300
L
1 km
2
6100
L
~160
00+
Tota
l
10km
3 +
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Site
Con
ditio
ns:
Pro
tero
zoic
Stra
tigra
phy
Griz
zly
Form
atio
n -M
etag
rayw
acke
, ser
icite
-bio
tite
schi
st
Flag
Roc
k Fo
rmat
ion
-Bio
tite-
seric
ite s
chis
t, gr
aphi
tic p
hylli
te
Nor
thw
este
rn F
orm
atio
n -B
iotit
e-qt
z-se
ricite
-gar
net s
chis
t
Elli
son
Form
atio
n -Q
uartz
ites,
Ser
icite
-bio
tite
schi
st a
nd p
hylli
te
Hom
esta
ke F
orm
atio
n -G
rune
rite/
Sid
erite
sch
ist,
cher
t
Poo
rman
For
mat
ion
-Ser
icite
-bio
tite
carb
onat
e ph
yllit
e
Yate
s U
nit -
Hor
nble
nde-
plag
iocl
ase
schi
st a
nd a
mph
ibol
ite
Gre
ensc
hist
Am
phib
olite
gra
de
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Sub
surfa
ce g
eolo
gy is
com
plex
, wel
l-kn
own.
S
truct
ure:
Isoc
linal
fold
s, s
hear
zon
es,
gene
ral d
ip 6
5oN
E.
Late
r joi
nt s
et.
Wid
e ra
nge
of ro
ck c
ompo
sitio
ns a
t ev
ery
leve
l.
X-S
ectio
n
Map
s30
0 L
4850
L
7400
LN65
Con
ditio
ns:
Geo
logy
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Act
ive
Pro
cess
es a
nd S
ite C
ondi
tions
Pro
cess
esFl
owTr
ansp
ort
Def
orm
atio
nR
eact
ion
Div
ersi
tyA
ctiv
ityE
volu
tion
Con
ditio
nsLa
rge
Sca
leLa
rge
Stre
ssD
etai
led
and
Con
trolle
d A
cces
sLo
ng D
urat
ion
Phy
sica
l, ch
emic
al a
nd
biol
ogic
al h
eter
ogen
eity
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Exa
mpl
e IS
E: I
nduc
ed ro
ck d
efor
mat
ion
proc
esse
s
Frac
ture
pro
paga
tion
Flui
d flo
w in
net
wor
ksD
efor
mab
le fr
actu
res
Faul
ting
Sca
ling
of fr
actu
re e
nerg
y
cm
San
Andr
eas
Faul
t, C
arriz
o P
lain
, CA
Pro
paga
tion
of fa
ult i
n in
tact
rock
Gou
ge d
evel
opm
ent
Fric
tion
law
sFa
ult r
eact
ivat
ion
Cor
resp
ondi
ng s
eism
ic re
spon
se
Clic
k to
edi
t Mas
ter t
itle
styl
e
14
y
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
App
roac
h
Cre
ate
idea
lized
frac
ture
s fo
r bas
ic p
roce
sses
, the
n m
ove
to
natu
ral f
ract
ures
Hyd
raul
ic fr
actu
ring
to e
valu
ate
Mod
e I p
ropa
gatio
n C
hang
e st
ress
es u
sing
ther
mal
tech
niqu
ede
sign
er
fract
ures
Sm
all s
tress
cha
nge
a. s
tress
and
per
mea
bilit
y (u
p to
crit
ical
stre
ss)
b. c
reat
e cr
oss-
cutti
ng h
frxde
velo
pmen
t of p
erco
latin
g ne
twor
ksLa
rge
stre
ss c
hang
ea.
slip
on
exis
ting
fract
ures
b.
gou
ge d
evel
opm
ent
c. f
ault
grow
th
Use
wel
l und
erst
ood/
desi
gned
frac
ture
s an
d fra
ctur
e ne
twor
ks to
: C
hara
cter
ize
scal
ing
of fr
actu
re e
nerg
y 1
m
102 m
; (10
3 m?)
Det
erm
ine
disp
lace
men
t dur
ing
pres
sure
cha
nge
a. s
tiffn
ess
vs. a
pertu
reb.
pre
ssur
e de
pend
ent p
erm
eabi
lity
c. d
iagn
ostic
tool
(e.g
. in
situ
frac
ture
net
wor
k ch
arac
teriz
atio
n)
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Frac
ture
Pro
paga
tion
Cor
e fr
om fr
ont o
f a h
ydra
ulic
frac
ture
. Pi
cean
ce b
asin
nea
r Rifl
e, C
olor
ado,
715
0 ft
dept
h [W
arpi
nski
et a
l., 1
993]
PM
MA
Cy
lin
dric
al
Sa
mp
leV
ideo
Cam
era
Level
-
weig
ht
Sy
stem
End
View
Side
Vie
w
Hyd
raul
ic fr
actu
re w
ith se
gmen
ts a
t le
adin
g ed
ge c
reat
ed in
labo
rato
ry
[Ger
man
ovic
h et
al.
2007
]S
egm
enta
tion
at fr
actu
re ti
p ap
pear
s to
dom
inat
e en
ergy
requ
irem
ents
for
prop
agat
ion
depe
nds
on s
ize
and
conf
inin
g st
ress
. N
eed
expe
rimen
ts.
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Faul
ting
Util
ize
larg
e, n
atur
al in
-situ
stre
sses
Cre
ate
failu
re b
y re
duci
ngex
istin
g lo
ad
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Con
cept
1.C
reat
e a
pair
of p
aral
lel l
ines
of
bor
ehol
es n
orm
al to
3
2.C
oolin
g by
T
redu
ces
3an
d al
low
s co
ntro
lled
mod
ifica
tion
of s
tress
sta
te b
etw
een
lines
3.R
educ
e 3
betw
een
bore
hole
s un
til fa
ilure
occ
urs
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Cou
ld it
wor
k?P
relim
inar
y m
odel
ing 1
13 d
ays
T
bt
DT
Will
it be
fast
eno
ugh
to
be p
ract
ical
?
b
w
L
Will
the
stre
ss c
hang
e en
ough
to
cau
se fa
ultin
g?
32
22 M
PaT
TD
tL
Assu
me
Dep
th: 1
km
E:
101
1Pa
T: 1
02K
: 1
0-5
K-1
DT:
10
-6m
2 /s:
26
00 k
g/m
3
b:
1m
1:
25 M
Pa3:
23
MPa
w:
3m
L:
10m
Feas
ible
to c
reat
e sm
all f
aults
in in
tact
rock
to
stud
y ea
rthqu
ake
trigg
erin
g at
DU
SE
L. N
eed
rang
e of
stre
sses
, roc
k ty
pes;
tim
e to
dev
elop
Num
eric
al a
naly
ses
317
MPa
failu
re
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Frac
ture
s an
d S
calin
g of
Per
mea
bilit
y
Spat
ial S
cale
, m
10-1
0
10-1
4
10-1
8
102
101
100
10-1
103
Lab
scal
eFi
eld
scal
e
Regi
onal
sc
ale
?
Permeability, m2
Frac
ture
s in
ters
ect t
o fo
rm p
erco
latin
g cl
uste
rs
[e.g
. Der
show
itz, 2
004]
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Frac
ture
per
mea
bilit
y an
d st
ress
How
do
fract
ures
dev
elop
in
to c
lust
er o
f con
nect
ed
netw
orks
?
How
doe
s st
ate
of s
tress
af
fect
pro
perti
es?
DU
SE
L de
wat
erin
g =
1000
m c
hang
e in
w
ater
leve
l;
10 M
Pa c
hang
e in
ef
fect
ive
stre
ss.
Con
dtio
ns a
t DU
SE
L w
ill te
st
this
hyp
othe
sis
Clic
k to
edi
t Mas
ter t
itle
styl
e
21
y
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Bio
-Geo
-Eng
Lab
orat
ory
Cam
pus
+ W
hole
-min
e ac
tiviti
es (6
0 le
vels
)
Ros
sY
ates
#5 S
haft
4850
L 7400
L80
00L
300
L
1 km
2
6100
L
~160
00+
Tota
l
10km
3 +
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Act
ive
Pro
cess
es a
nd S
ite C
ondi
tions
Pro
cess
esFl
owTr
ansp
ort
Def
orm
atio
nR
eact
ion
Div
ersi
tyA
ctiv
ityE
volu
tion
Con
ditio
nsLa
rge
Sca
leLa
rge
Stre
ssD
etai
led
and
Con
trolle
d A
cces
sLo
ng D
urat
ion
Phy
sica
l, ch
emic
al a
nd
biol
ogic
al h
eter
ogen
eity
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
ISE
: Sei
smic
Act
ivity
and
Mic
robi
olog
y
H2
Gen
erat
ion
from
H2O
reac
ting
with
frac
ture
d S
iO2
elec
tron
H O Si
Kita
et a
l. 19
82
Enh
ance
d el
ectro
n tra
nspo
rt
e-
[Lip
pman
n-Pi
pke
et a
l. 20
07]
NE
LSA
M in
Sou
th A
frica
How
do
biol
ogy
and
geol
ogy
inte
ract
?
indu
ced
fract
ure
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
H2O
2
SO
42-
FeS 2
Met
avol
cani
cH2
H2O
HC
O3-
HC
O2-
H2S
H2OH
+
H+
Firs
t met
agen
ome
from
3 k
m d
epth
Dyl
an e
t al.
2008
S
cien
ce in
pre
ss
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Sin
gle
orga
nism
bio
mes
10,0
00 li
ters
of
fract
ure
wat
er10
11ce
lls99
.9%
of D
NA
fro
m D
. A
udax
viat
or
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
How
doe
s su
bsur
face
life
evo
lve?
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
N2
fixat
ion
gene
s m
ay h
ave
orig
inat
ed fr
om M
etha
noba
cter
ium
th
erm
oaut
otro
phic
usne
ighb
or fo
und
in s
ome
fract
ures
by
HG
T.Tw
o cl
uste
red
regu
larly
inte
rspa
ced
shor
t pal
indr
omic
repe
at
("C
RIS
PR
") re
gion
s th
at a
re u
sed
for v
iral d
efen
se o
ccur
in th
e ge
nom
e w
ith a
djac
ent C
RIS
PR
-ass
ocia
ted
gene
s ("
CA
S")
, som
e of
w
hich
are
hor
izon
tally
sha
red
betw
een
D. a
udax
viat
oran
d ar
chae
a.Is
HG
T oc
curr
ing
by tr
ansd
uctio
n or
con
juga
tion?
1011
cells
are
clo
nal -
alm
ost 6
0 fo
ld le
ss th
an th
e ra
te o
f 0.0
8% fo
und
for t
he u
nusu
ally
ho
mog
eneo
us L
epto
spiri
llum
grou
p II
popu
latio
n fro
m Ir
on M
t. ac
id
biof
ilm c
omm
unity
. A
min
o ac
id a
naly
ses
indi
cate
s av
erag
e ag
e of
~10
00 y
ears
(for
the
prot
eins
). A
A c
onsi
sten
t with
geo
chem
ical
ly c
onst
rain
ed re
spira
tion
rate
s, b
ut
are
subs
urfa
ce p
opul
atio
ns e
volv
ing
very
slo
wly
com
pare
d to
su
rface
life
?
Dee
p su
bsur
face
evo
lutio
n
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Cic
care
lli e
t al.
2005
Dee
p su
bsur
face
evo
lutio
n
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
4.66
Ga
3.45
Ga
Com
partm
enta
lizat
ion
Orig
in o
f Life
S
ubsu
rface
life
incl
ude
the
deep
est r
oots
Impa
ct fr
ustra
tion
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Did
life
orig
inat
e be
neat
h th
e su
rface
?
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8 28
228
428
628
829
029
229
4
Sphe
re
Clou
dy a
rea
Scan
ning
Tra
nsm
issio
n X-
ray
Mic
rosc
opy
(STX
M) R
esul
ts
Mic
rosp
here
Sam
ple
550-
1M
icha
el H
ay a
nd S
atish
Myn
eni,
Prin
ceto
n Un
iver
sity
Aro
mat
ic, U
nsat
ura
ted
C=C
Alip
hatic
ket
one,
Ald
ehyd
e, N
itrile
C=N
Am
ide
C=O
(Pos
sibly
Car
boxy
l)
Alk
ane
C-H
CO
2/
Car
bona
te
Mic
rosp
here
s: H
igh
arom
atic
/ a
lken
e co
nten
t
Mor
e am
ide
/ ca
rbox
yl in
clo
udy
regi
ons
Fila
men
ts c
onta
in le
ss C
ove
rall (
dat
a no
t sh
own)
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
How
dee
p do
es li
fe g
o?
Is th
ere
life
not a
s w
e kn
ow it
?Th
e D
USE
L ul
tra-d
eep
obse
rvat
ory
will
set s
ever
al in
stru
men
ted
bore
hole
s do
wn
to th
e kn
own
tem
pera
ture
lim
its o
f life
. U
ltra-
low
con
tam
inat
ion
is
achi
eved
thro
ugh
the
use
of th
e C
here
nkov
det
ecto
r wat
er s
uppl
y sy
stem
and
co
ntro
lled
vent
ilatio
n.H
uber
et a
l. 20
02 N
anoa
rcha
eum
equ
itans
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
How
to d
etec
t wea
k si
gns
of li
fe?
Ada
mcy
zk e
t al.
2003
Poi
nar e
t al.
2006
Bet
acag
e
Mic
roar
rays
Und
ergr
ound
Ultr
a-Lo
w L
evel
Cou
ntin
g Fa
cilit
y
A m
arria
ge o
f phy
sics
and
m
olec
ular
app
roac
hes
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
ARM
A-N
SF-N
eSS
Wor
ksho
p
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
Loca
te re
sour
ceAc
cess
qui
ckly
and
at l
ow c
ost
Rec
over
100
% r
esou
rce
at c
hose
n tim
esca
leN
o ne
gativ
e en
viro
nmen
tal e
ffect
Was
teC
onta
inm
ent/D
ispo
sal
Cha
ract
eriz
eho
stat
high
reso
lutio
nAc
cess
and
inte
rqui
ckly
atlo
wco
stIn
terc
ompl
etel
yor
defin
efu
gitiv
eco
ncen
trat
ion
outp
utw
ithtim
eU
nder
grou
ndC
onst
ruct
ion
Cha
ract
eriz
ein
expe
nsiv
ely
athi
ghre
solu
tion
Exca
vate
quic
kly
and
inex
pens
ivel
yPr
ovid
em
inim
umsu
ppor
tfor
max
imum
desi
gnlif
e
Soc
ieta
l Ben
efits
Cel
lulo
se-d
egra
ding
ther
mop
hile
s is
olat
ed fr
om S
USE
L m
ore
to c
ome
thro
ugh
base
line
char
acte
riza
tion
Scal
e Ef
fect
s in
Hyd
rolo
gy
Spac
e an
d Ti
me
[Elk
hour
y et
al.,
Nat
ure,
200
6]
Rem
ote
earth
quak
es tr
igge
r dy
nam
ic c
hang
es in
per
mea
bilit
yU
nusu
al re
cord
tran
sits
~18
yS
harp
rise
in p
erm
eabi
lity
back
grou
ndS
cale
s of
obs
erva
tions
:Fi
eld
scal
eLa
bora
tory
sca
leM
issi
ng in
term
edia
te s
cale
with
con
trol
Permeability
Permeability
Scal
e Ef
fect
s in
Geo
mec
hani
cs
Spac
e an
d Ti
me
Def
orm
atio
n
Time [
10 ~
10
year
s]
2
6
Force
Force
Dec
reas
ing
defo
rmat
ion
rate
Def
orm
atio
n
12
3
4
5
Elas
ticity
Plas
ticity
Cont
inuu
mm
echa
nics
Dam
age
mec
ha-
nics
Loca
lizat
ion
and
disin
tegr
ation
Elas
tic u
nloa
ding
Ener
gy e
xces
s(S
eism
ic
defo
rmat
ion)
Energ
y de
ficit
(Ase
ism
icde
form
atio
n)
Max
imum
desi
gn
forc
e
TIM
E
SIZE
Inta
ct bl
ock
Sing
le jo
int
Rock
mas
s
Mul
ler,
24 M
ay 1
962
Com
plet
e Lo
ad-D
efor
mat
ion
Beh
avio
r
[Cou
rtesy
: C. F
airh
urst
]
[Els
wor
th a
nd F
airh
urst
, NS
F-S
1, 2
007]
[Fai
rhur
st, 2
004]
Cou
pled
The
rmal
, Hyd
rolo
gica
l, M
echa
nica
l and
Che
mic
al P
roce
sses
Pu
rpo
se
of
the
te
st
is t
o
eva
lua
te c
ou
ple
d th
erm
al,
hyd
rolo
gic
al, m
ech
an
ica
l a
nd
ch
em
ica
l p
roce
sse
s
su
rro
un
din
g t
he
po
ten
tia
l
rep
osito
ry
Dim
en
sio
ns: ~
50
me
ters
lo
ng
by 5
me
ters
in
dia
me
ter
Ele
ctr
ic h
ea
ters
activa
ted
De
c.
19
97
, tu
rne
d o
ff J
an
. 2
00
2
Ma
xim
um
dri
ft w
all
tem
pe
ratu
re
reached ~
200°C
Wa
ter,
ga
s,
an
d r
ock s
am
ple
s
co
llecte
d fro
m b
ore
ho
les f
or
ge
och
em
ica
l a
nd
iso
top
ic
stu
die
s
Re
actio
n-t
ran
sp
ort
mo
de
ling
perf
orm
ed p
rior
to a
nd d
uring
test
Ob
servati
on
Drif
t
Con
necti
ng
Drif
t
Heate
d
Drif
t
Win
g H
eate
rs
Th
erm
al
Mech
an
ical
Hyd
rolo
gic
al
Ch
em
ical
[Cou
rtesy
: E. S
onne
ntha
l]
She
ar s
tress
es
Hor
izon
tal a
rran
gem
ent
[Rin
ne e
t al.,
SK
B, R
-04-
04, 2
004]
Imag
ing
for C
onst
itutiv
e B
ehav
ior
Cro
ssw
ell:
1.1
km d
eep
~12
m a
part
Res
ult:
Velo
city
cha
nge:
3.0
E-4
; S
tress
sen
sitiv
ity: 3
.0E
-7 P
a-1
Goa
l: In
-situ
mon
itorin
g of
stre
ss c
hang
es u
sing
se
ism
ic tr
avel
tim
e ch
ange
Mot
ivat
ion:
Tect
onic
stre
ss c
hang
eR
eser
voir
Man
agem
ent
Flui
d P
ress
ure
via
effe
ctiv
e st
ress
Sub
side
nce
via
stre
ss a
nd s
train
cha
nges
Nee
d ca
libra
tion
sign
al to
det
erm
ine
stre
ss s
ensi
tivity
: B
arom
etric
pre
ssur
e or
Ear
th ti
des
Source
Sensors
[Maj
er e
t al.,
200
7]
Scal
ing
of S
eism
ic A
ctiv
ity Scal
e de
pend
enci
esSt
reng
th-g
ain
and
repo
se-ti
me
effe
cts
M
omen
t stre
ss-d
rop
scal
ing
b-va
lue
scal
ing
01
23
45
67
8M
agn
itu
de
(M)
0123456
Cumulative seismicity
Lo
g1
0(N
>M
)
-5-9
-12
Mag
nitu
de
Labo
rato
ry
Loca
l ne
twor
k
Reg
iona
l net
wor
k
Glo
bal n
etw
ork
Gap
Frequency
[e.g
. McG
arr,
1999
; Ide
and
Ber
oza,
200
1]
b-va
lue
scal
ing
Mom
ent -vs
-str
ess-
drop
sca
ling
Stre
ngth
-gai
n an
d re
pose
-tim
e ef
fect
s
[e.g
. Yas
uhar
a et
al,
2005
]
[e.g
. Kor
neev
, 200
7]
Sens
or D
eplo
ymen
t
Env
ironm
enta
l Var
iabl
esTe
mpe
ratu
reB
arom
etric
pre
ssur
eR
elat
ive
hum
idity
(0 ~
100
%)
Gas
es NO
x, S
Ox,
CO
, CO
2,...
pHS
oil m
oist
ure
cont
ent (
TDR
, FD
R,
capa
citiv
e)W
ind
velo
city
and
dire
ctio
n (5
-pito
t de
sign
)Li
ght i
nten
sity
(wav
elen
gth
sele
ctiv
e)
Mec
hani
cal V
aria
bles
Acc
eler
atio
n an
d de
rivat
ives
ME
MS
retro
-mirr
or in
terfe
rom
eter
Mic
ro-R
AD
AR
(mov
emen
ts)
Tilt
GPS
Rat
e gy
roM
agne
tom
eter
Qua
ntita
tive
acou
stic
em
issi
on
[e.g
. Gla
ser,
2007
]
Hom
esta
ke D
USE
L In
itial
Sui
te o
f Exp
erim
ents
DU
SEL
Expe
rimen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
Wha
t Will
be
Don
e in
20
year
s?
Sam
Gol
dwyn
May
er
Lord
Kel
vin,
Pre
side
nt, R
oyal
Soc
iety
, 189
0-95
.
Dig
ital/t
rans
pare
nt/g
lass
Ear
th fo
r cha
ract
eriz
atio
n of
stru
ctur
e an
dpr
oper
ties
(Fas
ter,
mor
e re
liabl
e, le
ss e
xpen
sive
, mor
e in
form
atio
n)
Tran
spar
ent p
redi
ctio
n of
pro
cess
es(F
aste
r, m
ore
relia
ble,
less
exp
ensi
ve, m
ore
accu
rate
)
Com
plex
TH
MC
B in
tera
ctio
nsP
ost-p
eak
beha
vior
of r
ocks
AARR
MMAA
--NNSS
FF--NN
eeSS
SS WW
oorrkk
sshhoopp
RRee
ssoo
uurrcc
ee RR
eeccoo
vveerryy
LLoo
ccaattee
rree
ssoo
uurrcc
ee
AAcccceessss qq
uuiicc
kkllyy
aann
dd aa
tt lloo
ww cc
oosstt
RRee
ccoovveerr
1100
00%%
rree
ssoo
uurrcc
ee aa
tt cchh
oosseenn ttiimm
eessccaallee
NNoo
nnee
ggaa
ttiivvee ee
nnvviirr
oonnmm
eennttaa
ll ee
ffffee
cctt
WWaa
ssttee
CCoo
nnttaa
iinnmm
eenntt//
DDiiss
ppoossaall
CChh
aarraa
ccttee
rriizzee
hhoo
ssttaa
tthh
iigghh
rreessoo
lluuttiioonn
AAcccceessss
aann
ddiinn
tteerr
qquu
iicckkllyy
aatt
llooww
ccoo
sstt
IInnttee
rrccoo
mmpp
lleettee
llyyoo
rrdd
eeffiinn
eeffuu
ggiittiivv
eeccoo
nncceennttrr
aattiioonn
oouu
ttppuuttww
iitthh
ttiimm
ee
UUnn
ddee
rrggrroo
uunndd
CCoo
nnssttrr
uuccttiioonn
CChh
aarraa
ccttee
rriizzee
iinnee
xxpp
eennssiivv
eellyy
aatt
hhiigg
hhrree
ssoo
lluuttiioonn
EExxccaavvaa
tteeqq
uuiicc
kkllyy
aann
ddiinn
eexxppeennssiivv
eellyy
PPrroo
vviidd
eemm
iinniimm
uumm
ssuu
ppppoorrtt
ffoorr
mmaa
xxiimm
uumm
ddee
ssiigg
nnlliiff
ee
Wh
at w
ill w
e n
ee
d t
o d
o b
ett
er
in 2
0 y
ea
rs?
DU
SE
L E
xper
imen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
M
arch
, 200
8
Initi
al S
uite
of E
xper
imen
tsC
urre
nt W
orki
ng G
roup
sA
mbi
ent r
ock
defo
rmat
ion
proc
esse
s, H
erb
Wan
g, U
nive
rsity
of W
isco
nsin
Indu
ced
rock
def
orm
atio
n pr
oces
ses,
Leon
id G
erm
anov
ich,
Geo
rgia
Tec
h
Am
bien
t flo
w, t
rans
port,
div
ersi
ty, a
ctiv
ity a
nd e
volu
tion,
Dav
id B
outt,
U. o
f Mas
s
Indu
ced
flow
, tra
nspo
rt, d
iver
sity
, act
ivity
and
evo
lutio
n, E
ric S
onne
ntha
l, LB
NL
Und
ergr
ound
con
stru
ctio
n an
d en
viro
nmen
t, C
harle
s Fa
irhur
st, U
. Min
n.
CO
2S
eque
stra
tion,
Joe
Wan
g, L
BN
L
Res
ourc
e ex
tract
ion,
Jea
n-C
laud
e R
oegi
ers,
U. O
klah
oma
Sub
surfa
ce im
agin
g an
d se
nsin
g, S
teve
Gla
ser,
UC
Ber
kele
y
Ultr
a-de
ep b
iolo
gica
l obs
erva
tory
, To
m K
ieft,
New
Mex
ico
Tech
Bas
elin
e ch
arac
teriz
atio
n an
d m
onito
ring,
Ste
ve M
arte
l, U
nive
rsity
of H
awai
i
The
Pat
h A
head
-In
itial
Sui
te o
f Exp
erim
ents
, Bio
-Geo
-Eng
The
Path
Ahe
ad
DED
C T
imet
able
Hom
esta
ke D
USE
L In
itial
Sui
te o
f Exp
erim
ents
DU
SEL
Expe
rimen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n
DU
SEL
Attr
ibut
es
DU
SE
L w
ill re
pres
ent a
n im
porta
nt fa
cilit
y w
ith u
npar
alle
led
attri
bute
s:Lo
ng te
rm a
cces
s to
site
(lon
g te
rm re
spon
se o
f stru
ctur
es a
nd a
ctiv
e pr
oces
ses)
Acc
ess
to u
nusu
al d
epth
for i
mpo
rtant
initi
ativ
es in
dee
p sc
ienc
e (b
iosc
ienc
e)B
road
acc
ess
to a
larg
e vo
lum
e of
rock
(sca
le e
ffect
s an
d tra
nspa
rent
Ear
th)
A fa
cilit
y fo
r wor
ld-c
lass
sci
ence
and
eng
inee
ring
scie
nce
in:
Bio
logy
Geo
scie
nces
Eng
inee
ring
Impo
rtant
soc
ieta
l im
pact
s:C
onst
ruct
ion
Ene
rgy
and
sust
aina
bilit
yR
esou
rce
reco
very
and
sus
tain
abili
ty
DU
SEL
Expe
rimen
t Dev
elop
men
t and
Coo
rdin
atio
n (D
EDC
)N
SF V
isit
Mar
ch 1
9 &
20,
200
8St
eve
Ellio
tt, D
erek
Els
wor
th, L
arry
Mur
doch
, Tul
lis C
. Ons
tott
and
Han
k So
bel
