The Republic of South Sudan

Ministry of Mining

Lokiliri

Reconnaissance

Field Trip Compiled by:

1. Azaria Gillo Emilio, Senior Geologist, Mineral Development Directorate

2. Arop Blabek Bol, Mining Engineer, Mineral Development Directorate

3. Dennis Michael Tawil, A/Geologist, Mineral Development Directorate

4. Lual Rec, A/Geologist, Mineral Development Directorate.

5. Kuol Ayuel Kuol, IT & Field Technician, Mineral Development Directorate.

6. Primo Ajou Deng, Field Technician, Mineral Development Directorate.

Supervised by:

Dr. Cosmas Pitia Kujjo, Director General, Mineral Development Directorate

5th July, 2017

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Contents Page

Contents i List of figures and plates……………………………………………………….. ii Acknowledgments………………………………………………………………… iii Abstracts……………………………………………………………………………… iv 1.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………....... 5 2.0 Previous Exploration Works………………………………………………… 8 3.0 Regional Geology……………………………………………………………….... 8 3.1 Regional Geological Setting…………………………………………………. 8 3.2 Techtono – Stratigraphical Unit…………………………………………… 9 3.3 Geological Time Scale (correlation…)…………………………………… 10 4.0 Structures…………………………………………………………………………… 10 5.0 Geology and Mineralization in Lokiliri Area…………………………. 10 5.1 Investigation of the Sulfide Mineralization of the Area…………. 10 5.1.1 Mineral Occurrence or Artisanal Mining Activities………………. 10 5.1.2 Rock Types in the Area Investigated…………………………………… 11 6.0 Sample Collection……………………………………………………………… 11 7.0 Sample Preparation, Analysis & Results……………………………… 12 7.1 Sample Preparation…………………………………………………………… 12 7.2 Assay Results and Interpretation………………………………………… 13 16 Challenges…………………………………………………………………………. 17 17 Conclusion and Recommendations……………………………………… 17 18 19

References………………………………………………………………………….. Annexes A, B and C

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ii

List of Figures and Plates

Figures/plates page 1 Fig. 1 Location map…………………………………………………………………………………… 5 2 Plate 1: Meeting the Lolubo community at Lokiliri……………………………………… 8 3 Plate 2: Sample LS1 soil…………………………………………………………………………….. 18 4 Plate 3: Sample LRK 02, & 8a/Pegmatites…………………………………………………... 19 5 Plate 4: Photo of Dr. Cosmas and Kentucky Geological Survey members……… 16 6 Plate 5: LRK 04/ Basalt……………………………………………………………………………... 20 7 Plate 6: LRK 5a/gneiss……………………………………………………………………………... 21 8 Plate7: LRK 5b/amphibolites……………………………………………………………………. 21 9 Plate 8: LRK 8b/gneiss……………………………………………………………………………... 22 10 Plate 9: LRK 10/granites…………………………………………………………………………... 23 11 Plate 10: LRK(unsampled) outcrops at Ngangala………………………………………... 24 12 Plate 11: Poor road/ lorry in difficulty in wet clay soil……………………………….. 24

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The Lokiliri Reconnaissance Field Trip

Acknowledgements.

The Field team thanks the Payam Chief and community of Lokiliri County for giving

information on mineralization in their Payam to the Ministry of Mining. The samples they

had sent to Dr. Cosmas Pitia Kujjo, upon an X-ray Diffraction analysis, shows presence of

lead sulfides, zinc sulfides and iron sulfides in it. We also register our profound thanks to

the Bishop of Episcopal Church for the area for contacting, on our behalf, the Commissioner

of Lokiliri County for permission for the planned ‘follow up’ field visit our team was bound

to undertake. Besides His Grace assigned Mr. Silver Yona and one other county member to

our team, right from Juba, to escort us up to Lokiliri and enable us meet relevant local

authorities with ease. We are also indebted to the Honourable Commissioner for making

arrangements with the people on the ground in Lokiliri to receive our team.

Further, we thank the Payam Chief and the entire people of Lokiliri county for the positive

reception they gave us, the briefing and spirit of cooperation they showed during a meeting

with them. Especially that they also expressed their readiness to receive us in any future

field visit we’ll carry out in their area. And foremost, we thank the Payam Chief for

attaching two sons of the area to guide us where we wish to go, and where they knew rocks

of interests to us do occur.

We’re also grateful to our Administration, the Honourable Minister Taban Deng Gai, the

Undersecretary Dr. Andu Ezbon Adde, Dr. Cosmas Pittia Kujjo and other senior staffs of the

Mineral Development Directorate for their directives, guidance, administrative and

logistical arrangements that made the one day reconnaissance Lokiliri field trip successful.

The Field trip team:

1. Azaria Gillo Emilio, Senior Geologist, Mineral Development Directorate, team leader.

2. Arop Blabek Bol, Mining Engineer.

3. Denis Michael Towil, A/Geologist, Mineral Development Directorate.

4. Lual Rec, A/Geologist, Mineral Development Directorate.

5. Kuol Ayuel Kuol, IT and Field Technician, Mineral Development Directorate.

6. Primo Ajou Deng, Field Technician, Mineral Development Directorate.

7. Paulo Pakwan, Police

8. Uchiet Bate, Police.

9. Alfred Ojura, Driver, Mineral Development Directorate.

10. Wilson Lokudu, Driver, Mineral Development Directorate.

11. John Tombe, Mechanic Driver, Mineral Development Directorate.

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Abstract

The occurrence of massive sulfides of mineable quantity in Lokiliri County is a possibility. Upon analysis, previous rock samples which some curious community members of the area collected and sent to the Ministry of Mining, indicated good quantity of iron, zinc and lead sulfides.

On the other hand the alleged presence of some Darfurians working in the area with metal detectors, though not confirmed by the team, could suggest a likelihood of artisanal gold mining activities indicative of the occurrences of major minerals below.

The Archean basement complex rocks of gneisses, schist; later amphibolites, granitic and ultra basic intrusions; and basalts, dolerites and pegmatite dykes occur throughout the area. Elsewhere in the vicinity of Lokiliri area this category of rocks host minerals ranging from gold, rare earth elements, talc, etc.

The reconnaissance field trip team collected rocks, anthill, soil and stream sediments samples. The XRF analyses of some thirteen rock, soil and anthill samples shows higher concentrations of Mo, Pb, Th, U, Ag, Sn, Mn, Fe, Ti, Sn, Ca, Ni, K than outlined by B. Skinner (1976) guide for elemental concentrations of economic importance. On the other hand the rock samples which Dr. Cosmas Pittia Kujjo took to USA for lab analysis, confirm the results of our Geological Survey Directorate’s XRF analyses of the samples. (Anderson, Warren H, Univesity of Kentucky, USA) lab results shows presence of: calcium titanium fluorite; wolframite, pyrope garnet. The presence of these minerals suggests other potential economic deposits in the area.

Notable structural features of the area are faults that trend north-south, east-west as shown by the directions taken by the streams of the area.

The brief time taken in the field meant that samples were collected along the track traversing the Lokiliri area at various distances of less than a mile from the trackside into the bushes. Given the season of the year, grass are so tall that far off hills were not easily accessible. In addition to fear of insecurity in areas far from the inhabited areas of the county authorities prevented the team from reaching the exact location where an earlier sample was collected from. However a similar spot at Lojere stream bears similar rock type.

The team recommends more detail, a week or weeks long, work in the Lokiliri area of Lokiliri County, Jubek State when security conditions along Juba- Torit Road improves.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Location Lokiliri Payam lies east of Jubek State, formerly Central Equatoria State. It borders Imatong

State on the east. Fig 1.

Fig-1: Location Map of Lokiliri Area

1.2 Accessibility and Security

1.2.1 Access to Lokiliri Area

Access to Lokiliri is by vehicle throughout the year. However during the rainy season section

of road not filled with marram is difficult to drive through due to slippery clay soil. It takes

nearly two hours to reach Lokiliri from Juba, moving along Juba–Torit Road. You turn off the

Juba – Torit Road at Ngulere Village, and driving southwest and then south to reach Lokiliri.

Alternatively you can access Lokiliri from Aru-Junction on Juba – Nimule Road. From Aru-

Junction you drive east and northeast for one hour (about 10 Km to reach Lokiliri. This road

is more difficult than the route from Ngulere because it’s not being maintained.

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1.2.2 Security No insecurity issue was mentioned by the inhabitants when asked and the team didn’t

encounter any though there was concern far away from the town and villages that the area

might be insecure. This time there lots of incidences of insecurity on Juba- Torit and Juba–

Nimule Roads which lies a dozen or so miles east and west of the area respectively. So the

Director for Mineral General Development issued directives to the team to collect samples

only along the track/roadsides.

1.3 Topography and Drainage

Most parts of Lokiliri are hills. Flat lands are in –between. Clay, sandy-clay soil occurs here.

There are no big rivers. Small streams such as Lojere/Logere stream run northeast and it is

seasonal.

1.4 Climate and Vegetation The Lokiliri area has tropical climate with two seasons a year. Rainy season begins late April to November. (Heavy rains fall from May to September). Dry season begins from December to late March. Average annual precipitation is about 953.7mm per year. The temperature ranges between 21.6o – 34.5o C The vegetation of Lokiliri County is savanna woodland with some tropical forest in some-parts of the county. Tall trees such as oaks, mahogany, tamarind, lulu, and other countless tree species grow thickly together in Lokiliri area.Below the trees grow tall grass.

1.5 Population and Activities

The land of Lokiliri belongs to the Lolubo people who are dominantly farmers. They

practice subsistence agriculture and also rear livestock. In addition, most able men are

involved in charcoal business to earn some cash.

1.6 Meeting with the Community of the Area

Escorted by two community members from Juba, the team of eleven senior geologist,

geologists, assistant geologists, field technicians, two armed policemen, a mechanic and two

drivers, was well received by the Lolubo community and the Lolubo chief granted permission

for the team to visit their intended areas. He also assigned two other residence of the area to

guide the team to places of interest.

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They (community) are open for any future visits by the team and requested that the reports

of the current field trip be made available to them. They also offered their phone numbers

for the team for future field visit arrangements.

1.7 Purpose of this work

Follow up of previous report on that earlier rock samples sent to the Ministry of Mining in

Juba, by the citizens of the Lokiliri area. Upon analysis that particular rock sample by the

Thermo NITON XL3T950 GOLD Analyser it revealed that rock sample contained iron

sulfide, lead sulfide and zinc sulfide minerals in higher concentration. At the time the

people also claimed that some Darfurians had entered the area and were operating with

metal detectors.

The Directorate of Mineral Development team intended visiting specific areas the Lokiliri

people had earlier sampled rocks from to establish the mode and extent of the occurrences

of the minerals: dykes, whole outcrop, and veins. Due to security concern, samples are to be

taken along the track/road traversing the area.

Enquiries are to be made to confirm if the claimed Darfurians are indeed involved in some

artisanal gold mining activities in any part of the area not accessible during the course of

the one day reconnaissance field trip.

A team of six (6) geologists and field technicians took part in the reconnaissance survey.

Two policemen gave them protection. The team utilized two Toyota Land cruiser hardtop

vehicles for this trip. Due to the inferred mechanical problems and the poor roads, a

driver/mechanic was taken along.

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Plate 1: Meeting the Lolubo community for a no-objection prior to our reconnaissance visit

into the hills.

2. 0 Previous Exploration Works Done in the Lokiliri

Areas

Geologists working for Hunting Geology and Geophysics (a British group) worked

extensively in the area in 1980. They reported presence of some minerals: gold, talc, copper

sulfides, etc. in the areas in the vicinity of the Lokiliri areas.

3.0 Regional Geology

3.1 Regional Setting Achaean, Proterozoic and Precambrian rocks (Basement Complex) of medium to high grade metamorphism underlay the target area. They correlate with rocks of Karmoja District and West Nile Districts in northern Uganda. (Hunting Geology and Geophysics, 1980). Charnokitic rocks (oldest), younger Nile Gneisses (sequence of younger gneisses, minor metasediments and amphibolites), Kinyetti Metasediments and Madi Metasediments are of Precambrian age.

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Tectonic prints of Watian, Aruan, Miriam and Chuan fold belts. Refoliation and shearing/cataclysis depicted by mylonites along the northwest trending Aswa Shear Zone are results of Chuan deformations.

Granitic intrusions, basic and ultra-basic intrusions do occur during the Precambrian eons.

Post orogenic acid intrusives and basic dykes and alkaline granites occur. Some of these granitic and basic intrusions are post orogenic. They occurred during late Precambrian to Tertiary eons. In places the rocks are overlain by lateritic rocks and thin layer of superficial, recent sediments.

3.2 Techtono – Stratigraphic Units

9. Alluvium 8. Um Ruwaba Formation 7. Laterite 6. Post – Tectonic Igneous Intrusions of Uncertain Age: basaltic or andesidic dykes, probably of Tertiary volcanic cycle corelatable to those in Ethiopia. 6. Precambrian Basic and Ultrabasic Intrusions: Amphibolites and others do occur. 5. Precambrian Granites: common. Foliated and unfoliated, porphyritic varieties identified. 4. Aswa Cataclysis: Chuan refoliation, northwesterly trending belt refoliation. 3. Madi Metasediments: overlie Nile Gneisses. Chuan refoliation, north – northeasterly direction of structures (Aswa Shear zone), it’s thought to have the source rocks associated with the gold in the area (Hunting Geology and Geophysics, 1980). Kinyeti Metasediments: composed principally of psammitic rocks and gneisses, though impure dolomitic marbles and impure quartzites also occur. Similar to the Madi metasediments the Kinyetti seem to include the source of alluvial gold. 2. Nile Gneisses: widespread; correlates with West Nile Complex and or northeastern Congo (Lavreau, 1974). Both Nile Gneisses and Imatong Charnokites correlate with Basement Complex of northern Uganda (Tanner, 1973). Various granitic intrusions occur. Granites, diopsidic gneisses, amphibolites, in target area. Aruan deformation (2550 m.y.) and Miriam (950m.y.) 1. Imatong Chernokites: includes charnokites and also varieties of enderbitic and intermediate composition, retrogressive equivalents of charnockitic rocks, and locally granulite facies rocks of basic composition. Watian techtono – thermal event ( MacDonald, 1964; Hepworth and MacDonald, 1966) Dated by Leggo (1974) as 2880 m.y., oldest rocks.

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3.3 Geological Time Scale (correlation from works done in Uganda)

1*Chuan/Mozambiquean 650-400 million years Mirian 950 million years Aruan 2,550 million years Watian 2,880 million years

4.0 Structures The Aswa Shear zone traverse the area, southeast and northwest trending -folding during the Miriam: most outcrops strike north-south and east – west. Streams run east – west.

5.0 Geology and Mineralization in Lokiliri Area

5.1 Investigation of the Sulfide Mineralization of the Area

5.1.1 Mineral Occurrences or Artisanal Mining Activities

Introduction: The team set out from Juba late and was still at Shirikaat at around 11:00 a.m.

Factors related to vehicle spare tyres, mechanical condition of the vehicles caused much

delay during set out preparation, especially the futile attempt to get out a spare tyre at police

station at Gudele from a vehicle taken there after it got involved in tyre-breaking accidents

days ago.

Together with the instruction that samples are to be collected along the roads/paths/tracks

traversing the Lokiliri area due to security concerns, the team didn’t go far off into the hills

where the previous samples the citizens of the area had sent and analysed were collected

from.

However at Lojere stream, the low lying gneiss depicts brown colour and texture similar to

that one earlier sent to the ministry by the community members.

Upto thirteen rocks and soil samples, including anthill samples were collected. Dr Cosmas

Kujjo Pitia, the Director General for Mineral Development took some rock samples to USA for

lab analysis and the results show varied mineralogy suggestive of wolframite, fluorite, garnet

which suggests other potentially economic deposits.

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Unlike Karpeto, Ganji, Wondurba, and Kapoeta areas, active and widespread artisanal gold

mining sites are neither found nor mentioned by the community. So no ongoing artisanal

activities revealed. Other minerals available within and in the vicinity of the area include:

niobium, talc (at Kit area), etc. (Hunting Geology and Geophysics, 1980).

5.1.2 Rock Types in the Area Investigated

Within the visited areas the following rocks types/rock occurrences were observed:

(See GPS TRACK for location).

Ironstones underlay the loose, superficial deposits as seen on anthills in front of the

Church under construction. (Plate 2).

Pegmatite (plate 3): granitic pegmatites consisting of mica, feldspars and quartz.

Basalt dykes (plate 4).

Gray-white rock, fine - medium grained gneiss. Seen on an outcrop north of the

church under construction at Lomega area (Plate 5).

Amphibolite observed and sampled; these rocks are coarse grained with unclear

schistose texture; green to dark green in color (Plate 6). Brown gneisses (sulfide

rich?): banded brown, grey to white; cut by pegmatites seen at Lojere stream. (Plate

7).

Granites cropping out as seen at Lokiliri center: Kilipamu hill and Pidia/Fidiya hill

(Plate 8).

Migmatite/granite at Ngangala, adjacent to Juba – Torit Road, west side of the road.

Brown, grey with large feldspar phenocrysts (plate 9).

6.0 Sample Collection:

Rock, soil, anthill and stream sediments were collected along the track (road) traversing the

Lokiliri area from the center up to some ten km eastwards. The intention of the team was

first to sample the outcrop from which an earlier rock chips rich in iron, silver and zinc

sulfides were collected by the natives and sent to the Mining Ministry in Juba.

Samples were not collected on systematic basis, rather where outcrops are close to the track

and where the two guides assigned by the chiefs took the team to a spot half a kilometer off-

track.

Anthill samples were collected close to, at the foot of, and on the slope of outcrops where the

team came across one.

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Soil sample was collected in a trench at Mr. Ara’s home, close to the Church under

construction. And the two stream sediments (arenaceous) were collected at Lojere stream

and at a rill/ephemeral stream close by Lojere stream, halfway between the Church (Lomega

area ) and the Lokiliri Business Centre. Fewer samples than originally planned were

collected. This is due to the great distance of Lokiliri from Juba (about 60 miles) from where

the investigation team set out for the one day reconnaissance trip. They drove to the target

area, worked and returned to Juba same day. Some soil and wild cat rocks samples

amounting to 13 were collected in total. Most of the soil samples are either wet or very

humid, so nothing was done to them at the site they were taken from.

Due to security issues in the vicinity of Lokiliri at the time of the field visit, the team couldn’t

wander off track.

Samples were collected along the road for a distance extending for more than 10km;

beginning from a village east of Lokiliri center up to Lokiliri Center itself.

Gamini etrex 10 GPS hardware was used to record sample points coordinates and a

camcorder (video camera recorder) was used to photograph geological features

encountered.

7.0 Sample Preparation, Analysis and Results

7.1 Sample Preparation

A total of thirteen (13) samples were collected in the area. Seven (7) of these are rock chips;

three (3) anthills soil, one (1) trench soil and two (2) stream sediments.

From each of the seven rock chips, a small piece of rock suitably fitting the XRF Analyser was

broken off. These were mounted onto the analyser in turn and the readings noted, and the

resultant graphs printed out for interpretations.

The soil samples and stream sediments were thoroughly dried on the sun, pounded soft with

mortar and pestle and then sieved with 125 micron/mess. This was well mixed; a small

amount put into a small analysis cup, then put into the XRF machine and analysis ran

through.

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7.2 Method of Analysis

The rock, soil and stream sediments so prepared were analysed using Thermo NITON

XL3T950 GOLDD Analyser. This method analyses elemental concentrations in each sample

in ppm (part per million) or percentages and has the capacity to analyse more than 35

elements in each sample. After analysis two files are downloaded on Excel sheet and NDT

files.

7.3 Assay Results and Interpretations

The Assay results of the thirteen samples with their spectra are included as annex in the

report. Besides, the following are the descriptive interpretations of the analyses results of

mainly elements of higher concentrations of economic value. (Summary tabulated below)

No Sample No Spectra No/sample No

Elemental conc. level of economic value ppm

Detected elemental conc. in Lokiliri samples of interest in ppm

1 Anthill Sample 01

Spectra 01 Spectra 01 Spectra 01 Spectra 01

Fe: 58000 ppm Fe:85588.54 ppm Mo: 1.2 ppm Mo: 11.31 ppm Pb:10 Pb:26.89 ppm Th: 5.8 ppm Th: 13.48

2 Pegmatite rock 02 Spectra 02 Spectra 02

Ag: 0.08 Ag: 6.50 Sn: 2.4 Sn: 10.45

3 Soil 03 Spectra 03 Mn: 1000 Mn: 1666.17 Fe: 58000 97481.14 Ni:72 82.30 Mo: 1.2 Mo: 7.35 Pb: 10 Pb: 11.73

4 Basalt rock 04 Spectra o4 K: 16800 K: 20058.95 Ti: 8600 Ti: 12176.74 Mn: 1000 Mn: 1163.93 Fe: 58000 Fe: 93967.35 Mo: 1.2 Mo: 9.26 Sn: 1.5 Sn: 11.81 Pb:10 Pb: 20

5 Sample 05a Gneiss

Spectra 05

K: 16800

K: 29720.84

Sn: 1.5 Sn: 17.85 Pb: 10 Pb: 41.91 Th: 5.8 Th: 8.89

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6 Sample 5b amphibolite

Spectra 06 Ca: 50600 Ca: 96930.79

Mn: 1000 Mn: 1642.45 Ni: 72 Ni: 106.58 Mo: 1.2 Mo: 4.17

7 Sample 06 Anthill soil

Spectra 07 Pb: 10 Pb: 20.31

8 Sample 07 Str. Sediment.

Spectra 08 K: 16800 K: 29773.96 Fe: 58000 Fe: 73278.46 Pb: 10 Pb: 37.13 Th: 5.8 Th:16.45

09 Sample 8a Pegmatite, Lojore stream.

Spectra 09 K: 16800 K: 64294.60 Sn: 1.5 Sn: 11.08 Pb: 10 Pb: 79.13 Th. 5.8 Th: 21.29 U: 1.6 U: 15.47

10 Sample 8b Gneiss Lojore stream.

Spectra 10 Ni: 72 Ni: 72.52 Mo:1.2 Mo: 6.31 K: 16800 K: 18387.42

11 Sample 09 Spectra 11 Th: 5.8 Th: 61.97 U: 1.6 U: 9.01

12 Sample 10 Granite Lokiliri centre

Spectra 12 Mo: 1.2 Mo: 6.97 Sn: 1.5 Sn: 18.36 Th:5.8 Th: 9.80

13 Sample 11 Anthill soil

Spectra 13 K:16800 K: 23673.52 Fe: 58000 Fe: 61637.30 Mo: 1.2 Mo: 12.52 Th: 5.8 Th: 22.98

While the X-ray spectra displays from some of the Lokiliri samples indicate presence of

elements such as Rb,Rh, Ba,Cs, La, V,…, the B. Skinner(1976) guide for elemental

concentrations of the earth’s crust and concentration levels of some industrial metals for being

considered as of economic ores used here doesn’t indicate their concentration.

*The four (4) rock samples taken for analysis in USA are interpreted as follows:

RK 04/RK 4: this rock contains iron rich biotite, amphiboles and hornblende and some

calcium titanium fluorite was detected.

Sample 05b/RK 56 is interesting. It contains wolframite, a tungsten mineral in abundant.

Also detected in this sample is pyrope garnet, a high temperature mineral, pathfinder

15

mineral usually associated with diamonds. However wolframite and diamond generally

don’t occur together, although they are both high temperature minerals. Therefore more

work needs to be done in this area.

Sample 8.b: Gneissic schist contains uvarovite garnet and a highly evolved mica called tetra-

ferriphlogopite.

Sample 10: granitic pegmatite, with orthoclase rich pegmatite and bull quartz.

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Plate-5: A picture taken at Kentucky Geological Survey (KGS), where samples were analyzed. From left to right: Dr. Warren Anderson (KGS Geologist), Dr Cosmas Kujjo (Director General, MoM, South Sudan), Dr. Jim Cobb (State Geologist, KGS Director), and Dr. Jerry Weisenfluh (KGS Assistant Director)

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8.0 Challenges

- Long distance from Juba and poor, unmaintained roads hinder easy, timely access to Lokiliri area though the area could well be accessed both from Juba – Torit and Juba – Nimule Highways.

- The clay soil becomes very slippery after rains and could be potential hazard driving on in haste. The team encountered a lorry that was coming sideway like a giant crab and had to drive into the bushes to avoid being bumped onto by the heavily loaded lorry.

- The business center at Lokiliri is so small that any field trip in the area may require most of the dry food items to be bought from Juba. Or else looking for them in the villages my consume time.

- The tall grass and terrain of the area requires field protective gears for the future field team.

- Hope to improve security in the area to allow deeper penetration into the hills as this team worked entirely along the tracks.

9.0: Conclusion and Recommendations

- The Lokiliri area traversed is very interesting with numerous examples of high

grade metamorphism, pegmatite and alkaline intrusives, and lots of varied mineralogy suggestive of tungsten, fluorite, garnets, and highly evolved micas. Their presence in a rift also suggests other potentially economic deposits. High concentrations of many elements as seen in annexes clear means Lokiliri area should receive further research and exploration.

- More detail work need to be done in the Lokiliri Area. The future team visiting the

Lokiliri area needs a minimum of a week’s work and have to camp at the area.

- Purchase of scintillometers for future detail work as some of the samples collected

from the area showed high reading of Uranium and thorium. There’s potential for

radioactive contamination working in the area. Besides, high radiation areas, if found

near residence, the people could be advised to move, etc.

- Fund for two escort persons among the community of the area as incentives with the

rest of the field team.

- The need for crack hammers (mini marajaba/marazaba) to be part of the field tools:

some rocks are very hard, can best be dealt with heavy, crack hammer/little

marajaba/marazaba.\

-

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Plate 2: Sample LS 01: Anthill soil indicative of presence of laterite below superficial

deposit at Lomega, east of Lokiliri center. Loc: N4° 33.188' E31° 58.240'. Elev. 2521 ft.

(Anthill infront of a church under construction, above).

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a) b)

Plate 3: i) Sample LRK 02 (above). Opposite sides of same sample (Pegmatite) from a dyke at Mr. Ara's home, east of Church under construction. Loc: N4° 33.244' E31° 58.255'. Elev. 2526 ft. (Scale (motor bike key) = 7cm.)

c) d)

ii) Sample LRK 08a: Pegmatite taken from (c) - dyke, cutting through brown, grey, banded

gneiss at Lojere stream (plate 8). The dark threads in (c) around hammer are big mica

(phlogopite) crystals standing upright. Loc: N4° 33.388' E31° 57.282'. Elev. 2270 ft. Our

escorts alleged some earlier visitors of the site removed minerals at those places. Upon

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close scrutiny we realized they’re actually tips of cross section of mica crystals, across

cleavage planes.

Plate 5: Sample LRK 04: BASALT: green- black with tints of brown; fine grained rock

sample taken from low cropping basalt dyke at Mr. Ara’s home. Loc: N4° 33.244' E31°

58.255' Elev. 2526 ft. (Scale: motor bike key = 7cm.)

b

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Plate 6: RK sample (05a): gray-white rock, fine - medium grained gneiss. Scale (motor bike key) = 7cm. Loc: N4° 33.206' E31° 58.164'. 2580ft, taken from rock (b) above, on an outcrop.

Plate 7: Sample LRK 05b: Dark green, weathering tints of brown (left) – amphibolites.

(Adjacent to 05a; on outcrop). Loc: N4° 33.206' E31° 58.164'. Elev. 2580 ft.

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Plate 8: Sample LRK 08b (collected from the above rock): Low cropping brown, grey dark

rock with lenses of white gneiss? Lojere stream. Through which the pegmatite in Plate 3

(ii) cuts. Loc: N4° 33.388' E31° 57.282'. Elev. 2270 ft (Scale: motor bike key = 7cm long

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Plate 9: Sample LRK 10: Grey to brown granite with large feldspar porphyritic crystals

(brown) of upto 4 or 5cm long. Loc: N4° 33.388' E31° 57.282'

Two granitic outcrops (above right and

middle) at Lokiliri Center, named

Kilipam and Pidia/Fidiya, from where

samples below (LRK 10) were collected.

(Above left) close look at the rocks;

(below) fresh surfaces after breaking.

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Plate 10: Granite/migmatitic rock with

large feldspar porphyritic crystals beside

(west side of the road) the Juba – Torit

Road at Ngangala. Not sampled. Scale:

GPS hardware = 10cm.The outcrop above

right and middle are part of the range a

hundred yards southeast.

Plate 11: The road isn’t macadamized

and very slippery during rainy season.

Fully loaded with charcoal, this vehicle

from Lokiliri, is coming nearly across the

road. Our vehicles drove into the bushes

to avoid being bumped onto.

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References 1) Hunting Geology and Geophysics, 1980. 2) http://flexiblelearning.auckland.ac.nz/rocks_minerals/rocks/gneiss.html accessed

19/11/2015.

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4) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/223922609_fig2_Fig-5-A-Outcrop-showing-elongate-quartz-and-feldspar-phyric-fi-amme-fi-amme-rich accessed on 11/10/2016).

5) http://www.geokem.com/flood-basalts-2.html (accessed on 11/10/2016).

6) https://wwwf.imperial.ac.uk/earthscienceandengineering/rocklibrary/viewglossrecord.php?Term=psammite (accessed on 11/10/2016).

7) http://www.sandatlas.org/charnockite/ (accessed on 11/10/2016)