LE SYSTEME VERBAL ANGLAIS Introductiongrumlidesforets.free.fr/cours psycho/L1 perso...told him I...

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LE SYSTEME VERBAL ANGLAIS Introduction Remarque préliminaire : différence entre «tense» et « time » : @ En français : En revanche, en anglais : @ Différences entre le système verbal anglais et le système verbal français : « Ne m’embête pas, je lis » Je lis deux romans par semaine. J’ai mal au ventre car j’ai mangé trop de cerises J’ai mangé un kilo de cerises hier. TABLEAU DU SYSTEME VERBAL ANGLAIS LES TEMPS PRESENT PASSE i SIMPLE He eats He ate j BE + V-ing He is eating He was eating k HAVE + V -en He has eaten He had eaten l Modal + BV He can eat He could eat m BE + V-en He is eaten He was eaten j +k k + l j + l j+ k +l EXERCICE 1: Pour chacune des phrases suivantes, dites quel est le schéma (cf. tableau ci-dessus) 1-This film was seen by millions of people. 2-She goes to Venice every summer. 3-She doesn’t like black coffee, don’t you remember? 4-He must have stopped smoking. I can’t see an ashtray. 5-Your dog is chewing your slippers again. 6-Do you remember this song ? EXERCICE 2 traduisez les phrases suivantes en anglais. 1)-Ils ont dû partir. Leur voiture n’est pas sur le parking. 2)-On lui a dit de revenir le lendemain. 3)-As-tu déjà lu une pièce de Shakespeare? 4)-Ils vont au restaurant tous les samedis soirs. 5)-Jean n’aurait pas dû acheter cette voiture. 6)-Etes-vous fumeur ?

Transcript of LE SYSTEME VERBAL ANGLAIS Introductiongrumlidesforets.free.fr/cours psycho/L1 perso...told him I...

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LE SYSTEME VERBAL ANGLAIS Introduction

Remarque préliminaire : différence entre «tense» et « time » : @ En français : En revanche, en anglais : @ Différences entre le système verbal anglais et le système verbal français : « Ne m’embête pas, je lis » Je lis deux romans par semaine. J’ai mal au ventre car j’ai mangé trop de cerises J’ai mangé un kilo de cerises hier.

TABLEAU DU SYSTEME VERBAL ANGLAIS

LES TEMPS PRESENT PASSE

0 SIMPLE He eats He ate

1 BE + V-ing He is eating He was eating

2 HAVE + V -en He has eaten He had eaten 3 Modal + BV He can eat He could eat 4 BE + V-en He is eaten He was eaten

1 +2

2 + 3

1 + 3

1+ 2 +3

EXERCICE 1: Pour chacune des phrases suivantes, dites quel est le schéma (cf. tableau ci-dessus) 1-This film was seen by millions of people. 2-She goes to Venice every summer. 3-She doesn’t like black coffee, don’t you remember? 4-He must have stopped smoking. I can’t see an ashtray. 5-Your dog is chewing your slippers again. 6-Do you remember this song ? EXERCICE 2 traduisez les phrases suivantes en anglais. 1)-Ils ont dû partir. Leur voiture n’est pas sur le parking. 2)-On lui a dit de revenir le lendemain. 3)-As-tu déjà lu une pièce de Shakespeare? 4)-Ils vont au restaurant tous les samedis soirs. 5)-Jean n’aurait pas dû acheter cette voiture. 6)-Etes-vous fumeur ?

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I - LES TROIS PRESENTS

A- LE PRESENT PROGRESSIF TEMPS EXEMPLE + FONCTION Marqueurs

de temps / indices

1- What are you doing? (= Qu’es-tu en train de faire?) - I’m having a bath. @

2- I’m learning Russian at evening classes this year. @

PRESENT PROGRESSIF

Be + V-ING

3- He is always complaining about the weather! @

REMARQUE : la structure du présent progressif peut exprimer un futur. (Cf. Tableau sur le futur.) EXERCICE 3: Les phrases suivantes utilisent le présent progressif. A l’aide du tableau, dites quel sens précis a ce temps dans chacune d’elles. 1-She is always criticizing the food here ! 2-I’m reading a fascinating novel. Please don’t interrupt me! 3-This year, Jim is teaching his nephews how to play tennis. 4-What are you doing ? I’m reading a book.

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B - LE PRESENT SIMPLE

TEMPS EXEMPLE + FONCTION Marqueurs de temps /

indices 1 - She always drinks tea when she’s thirsty. Contrairement au présent progressif, @ @

2 - Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. @

3 - She lives in a small town in Canada. @

Ø

PRESENT SIMPLE

V-s

4 -Ø First the bowler bowls to the batsman who tries to hit the ball. Then the other players try to catch the batsman out. @

REMARQUE : la structure du présent SIMPLE peut exprimer un futur. (Cf. Tableau sur le futur.) EXERCICE 4: Comparez et traduisez en français : - David is phoning his brother. - He phones him every week. - Look ! The sun is rising. - It rises in the east. EXERCICE 5: Mettez les verbes des phrases suivantes au présent simple ou progressif puis entourez les mots-clés (= marqueurs de temps ou indices): 1) « What (do) you? » « I ( phone) my friends. I often (phone) them. » 2) I (not understand) why you (laugh). « But look at this cartoon. It (be) so funny! 3) I (know) that you (lie). You never (tell) the truth. 4) I always (swim) in the evening for half an hour. 5- My neighbour (work) as a dentist. He (work) three days a week but he always (complain) that he (be) tired. 6) I (read) comic strips. I (read) a hilarious one now. 8) It rarely (snow) in spring here, but it (snow) now. ATTENTION : Un certain nombre de verbes ne s’emploient généralement pas à la forme progressive (be+-ing): @ Cependant : HAVE, FEEL et THINK peuvent s’employer à la forme progressive dans les cas suivants : } HAVE: } FEEL: } THINK:

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C - LE PRESENT PERFECT Rappel très important : Le « present perfect » n’est pas un temps du passé @

TEMPS EXEMPLE + FONCTION Marqueurs de temps /

indices 1-We have lived in Paris since 1995/ for five years

@

2-The missile has been launched three times this year. -They have never been to Australia ( so far). @

Present Perfect Simple

= have + V-en

3-He has forgotten his key (so he will have to come back ) @

1-I have been waiting for you since 9 o’clock. @ - I have been working in this office for six years. @

Present Perfect

Progressif=

have been + V-ing

1-I have been making a cake. (That’s why the kitchen is in a terrible state.) @ - It’s been raining (the ground is wet). @

Remarque : @ Since + Il s’utilise uniquement

I’ve known this since yesterday / the first of March.

For + Il s’utilise

I’ve known this for - two weeks. - one year. - a long time.

Remarque : @ EXERCICE 6: Complétez avec since ou for : 1) She has lived in Chicago ................ 1985. / ................ the last two weeks. /................ a long time. 2) There hasn’t been a war on this continent ............ years. / ............ the end of the first World War. / ............ more than twenty-five years. 3) I haven’t seen Mary ........ last week. /........ a month / ........ a couple of weeks.

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E

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EXERCICE 10: Choisissez la forme la plus appropriée du futur : 1- It’s too late to go to the restaurant. I (go and buy) something from the take-away shop.2- The film (start) in three minutes. 3- What is she doing ? She (go buy) some bread. 4- John (go) to university for another year, then he (look for) a job. -5 They (fly back) to Venice next week. 6- The morning bus (leave) at eight o’clock. 7- When he (be) older, he’ll go and work in New-York. 8- I (play) basket ball with my neighbours tonight. 9- What are you doing ? – Oh, I (get ) an aspirin for Mary. She’s got a terrible headache

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EXERCICE 11: Choisissez entre le futur simple et le futur antérieur. When you arrive, Peter probably (sleep) on the sofa.2- Please don’t call me after ten o’clock.. I (sleep) as soon as I get home! 3- By the time he arrives in London, they (forget) about inviting him! 4- Do you think your brother (eat) the whole cake you gave to him? 5- This time next week we (watch) New York City from the top of the twin towers! 6- Do you think he (feed) the cats before going to work ? 7- You (finish) your homework before the concert begins ?

IV- LES PHRASES EXPRIMANT UNE CONDITION LES TROIS TYPES DE PROPOSITIONS CONDITIONNELLES

SUBORDONNEE PRINCIPALE TYPE it rains (V-s)

I will take an umbrella

N°1 = situation réelle

I won the lottery (V-ed)

I would travel around the world

N°2 = situation irréelle

IF

I had studied harder (Had + V-en)

I would have passed my exams

N°3 = situation irréalisée

REMARQUES 1- @ 2- Observez : : If I were you, I would go to London immediately. If only she were here, she could tell us what to do. @Dans les conditionnelles de type 2, EXERCICE 12: Mettez les verbes à la forme correcte. 1-If we bought that car for £ 2,000, we (feel) very happy. 2- If you hadn’t lied to me, I (make) the wrong decision. 3- Would they understand if we (not accept) their invitation? 4- If I (have) time, I would have read the book before watching the film. 5- Why didn’t you tell me about your plans? I (lend) you my caravan if I (know) you wanted to visit Ireland. 6- You never (guess) who he was, (guess) you ? 7- I never (think) that he (marry) her. 8- You (not let play) them on the river bank, they (drown). 9- You (work) harder ? 10- I (like) to add a few words. EXERCICE 13: Traduisez les phrases suivantes en anglais : 1-Nous serions tous très déçus si tu ne pouvais pas venir.2- Si tu avais besoin d’une machine à écrire, je te prêterais la mienne. 3- Nous aimerions savoir pourquoi tu es en retard. 4- Pensez-vous qu’ils quitteraient le pays ? 5- Tu ne devrais pas le traiter comme un enfant. 6- Tu n’aurais pas dû le traiter comme un enfant. 7- L’aurais-tu aidée si elle te l’avais demandé ? 8- ils auraient dû être immédiatement prévenus. 9- Nous serions ravis de faire la connaissance de votre fils. 10- Tu ne devrais pas t’inquiéter. Si j’étais toi, je ne m’inquièterais pas.

V- LE DISCOURS INDIRECT 1- Rappel : Après les expressions telles que « he said, I asked, she tought », les temps du verbe sont différents de ceux des phrases rapportées, car le temps de l’énonciateur est différent de celui du locuteur dont il rapporte les propos. Ex : « You look nice. » ⇒ I told her she looked nice. « I can’t sing. » ⇒ He pretended he couldn’t sing.

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DISCOURS DIRECT DISCOURS INDIRECT

Présent simple He says Ú Prétérit simple = Présent progressif He is saying Ú Prétérit progressif = Present perfect He has said Ú Plus que parfait = Prétérit simple He said Ú Plus que parfait = Futur (will) He will say Ú Conditionnel = Modal He can say Ú Conditionnel passé = 2- Au discours indirect, d’autres mots changent car le « ici et maintenant » du premier locuteur n’est pas le même que celui de la personne qui rapporte ses paroles.

DISCOURS DIRECT DISCOURS INDIRECT here there

last week the week before next week

now this

this morning today

tomorrow the next day tonight

yesterday the day before EXERCICE 14: Faites les transformations nécessaires : « I had a really funny evening yesterday, Mary. I got talking to this boy in the pub, very nice-looking he was, and I could see he (fancy) me. He said he ( never meet) anybody like me before, and he felt I (have) a very unusual kind of beauty. Oh, yes ? I said. Then he asked me if I (want) a lift home, so I said no, I (be) hungry, so we went out for a curry. I asked him what he (do) for a living, and he said he (do) some undercover work for the CIA at the moment. He said he ( can not) give me his address because he (move) around all the time. So I asked him why he (think) I ( want) his address. Then he asked if he ( can) have my phone number. He said he (call) me today to fix for me to go to America with him. So I asked him why he ( want) to take me to America, and he said he (think) he (fall) in love with me. I knew he (lie), but it was kind of fun. Anyway, I told him I (have) a boyfriend already, but he said that (not matter). We (be) meant for each other, he said, and nobody (go) to stand in our way, because our lives (be) written in the stars. » Then he borrowed £20 from me to pay the bill because he said he (leave) his wallet at home, and he went off to the toilet, and I never saw him again. EXERCICE 15: Imaginez que ces phrases ont été rapportées à un autre endroit un mois plus tard : 1- « I’ll see you tomorrow. » She said she’d see me the next day. 2- « I’ll phone you this evening ». He said … 3- « Do you like it here ? » She asked … 4- « My uncle died last week. » He told me … 5- « this meat tastes funny ». She said … 6- « I’m leaving now. » He told us 7- « I overslept this morning. » She told him … 8- « The bus leaves at 11.00 tonight. » I was told … 9- « Pete phoned me yesterday . » He said … 10- « My brother’s arriving here today. » She said …

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