Creación de las Aves : Remedios Varo

The evolutionary emergence of shame

Klaus Jaffé

Universidad Simón BolívarCaracas, Venezuela

EarthLifeBig Bang Galaxies

PrimatesMammals

Homo sapiens

Stone Age

CeramicBronze

Ice age

Scripture

Agriculture

Cretaceous

Jurassic

FirePaintings

Hominidae

Lao-Tsu

AristotleCristus

Muhammad

LeonardoColumbus

Galileo

Newton

Darwin

Einstein

Genghis KhanMing

Eucaria

Dinosours

ClothsPtolemy

Kepler

Homo erectus

Copernicus

Nature 407: 128, 2000

1%

1%

1%

5%

50 years 5%

Bridget Riley (Nature 424: 133, 2003)

The spatial dimension

Trans-finitude

Rob Gonsalves

A constraint for the evolution of social phenomena is:

Entropy

Tikal, Guatemala 2001

The higher level properties of interactions or of combinations of systems

are called

Emergent Properties

6 H + 3 O = 3 H2O

HH

H

HH

H

HH

H

H

H

H

O

O

O

O

O

O

Dimensión temporal

A dynamic process for which our mind

has no representative abilities is:

Chaos

Atitlan, Guatemala 2001

Thank you for your attentionkjaffe@usb.ve

Gene, Gamete, Individual, Group, Species selection

Evolution is aboutthe survival of the luckiest

rather than the survival of the fittest

Chance & Necessity

Antigua, Guatemala 2001

100110101101100110101101

+

=

Biodynamica

http://atta.labb.usb.ve/klaus/klaus.htm

Initial populationwith random allelicdistribution

Unique allelicdistribution

Synergy

+ =

+ =

+ =

<1

=1

>1

Antigua, Guatemala 20011/2

Odontomachus bauri

gr of biomass

ml o

f oxy

gen/

gr/h

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0.1 10.0

FONCK C and JAFFE K: On the energetic cost of sociality. Physiology and Behavior. 59: 713-719, 1996.

BRAZIL

log(Pop)lo

g(E

EC

C)

-1

0

1

2

4 5 6 7

GEORGIA and TENNESSEE (USA)

Log(Pop)

Log(

EEC

C)

-1

0

1

2

4 5 6 7

DENMARK

Log(Pop)

Log(

EE

CC

)

-1

0

1

2

4 5 6 7

CABRERA S and JAFFE K

On the energetic cost

of human societies:

energy consumption

as an econometric index.

Interciencia 23: 350-354,

1998

Altruism

Exploitation or Parasitism

Altruistic punishment

Neither group nor actor

Destructive behavior

S < 0 and I < 0Stupid

Group at a cost to actor

True altruismS > 0 and I < 0Altruist

Actor at a cost to group

Destructive egoism

S < 0 and I > 0Egoist

Group and actor

Social investment

S > 0 and I > 0Wise

BenefitsInteractionEffectAction

JASSS 2002Acta Biotheor 2004

Atitlan, Guatemala 2001

Altruistic punishment

Fehr E. & S. Gächter 2002. Altruistic punishment in humans, Nature 415, 137 - 140.

Rawlings EI.1968. Witnessing harm to other: a reassessment of the role of guilt in altruistic behavior. J Pers Soc Psychol 10:377-80

Is shame an evolutionary stable strategy?

Sociodynamica

Assessment of aggregate economic benefits of behavior

Rich and glut

Rich and hungry

Poor and glut

Poor and hungry

Efficient Donation

Dissipative Donation

Synergistic Donation

Division of laborFarmer

Trader

Miner

Generosity

Freq

uenc

y

Generosity

Freq

uenc

y

No punishment

Altruistic punishment

Effect of punishment on aggregategenerosity

0.1 1 10 100% Altruists

10 ts25 ts50 ts100 ts

0 10 20 30 40 50

Gain through cooperation

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Mean Age Mean Generosity

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 1 2 3 4 5

Cost of punishment

Gen

eros

ityShame0

Shame1

Shame3

Shame5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 1 2 3 4 5

Cost of punishment

Age

Shame0

Shame1

Shame3

Shame5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 1 2 3 4 5Shame

Age

Cost0

Cost1

Cost3

Cost5

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 1 2 3 4 5Shame

Gen

eros

ity

Cost0

Cost1

Cost3

Cost5

Division of Labor

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 1 2 3 4 5Shame

Gen

eros

ity

Cost0

Cost1

Cost3

Cost5

Rob Gonsalves

UNDP Human Development Index

GDP/PER

HD

I

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

-5000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

UNDP 2001

Consilience

Thank you for your attention

kjaffe@usb.ve

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Cost of cooperation

Prop

ortio

n of

coo

pera

tors MonteCarlo

VHV+H