Integration of PV in the Built Environment Hachem.pdf · Like the Wrinkler VarioSol system, AKS...

Integration of PV in the Built Environment

1 1 1 Caroline Hachem, PhD

NSERC Smart Net-Zero Energy Building Strategic Research Network Réseau De Recherche Stratégique Du sur les bâtiments a consommation énergétique net zéro

Caroline Hachem, PhD

Postdoctoral Fellow

[email protected]

NSERC Smart Net-zero Energy

Buildings Strategic Research

Network (SNEBRN)

www.solarbuildings.ca

SNEBRN continues from the NSERC Solar Buildings Research Network:29 Profs from 15 Canadian Universities, nearly 80 graduate students, Partners: Building and solar industries, utilities, NRCan

mailto:[email protected]

Integration of solar technologies should be planned from the early design stage, while optimizing building form

For proper integration of solar technologies, several design parameters should be considered in the design including:

Tilt angle, Orientation

Integration with the building systems-Integration with HVAC – heat production ( BIPV/thermal: BIPV/T)

Functional integration, architectural and aesthetical

Not just adding solar technologies on buildings

2 2 Caroline Hachem, PhD


Benefits of Integration

The electricity is produced on site, thus reducing the cost and impact of transport and distribution

Elimination of the structural framework required to support free standing solar collectors.

This can help offsetting the cost of support structure

BIPV panels are designed to substitute the external skin of the building envelope , or as part of prefabricated walls and roofs

No additional land area is required.

Glazed flat plate collectors

AKS Doma Solartechnik -FlexSonnenstrasse 1, 6822 Satteins, [email protected]://www.aksdoma.com

ST "Integrability" characteristics

Shape & size flexibility +

Glazing: surface texture +/-

Absorber: surface texture -

Absorber colour -

Jointing +

Collector conceived as

multifunctional

construction element+

Availability of dummies -

Collector as par of a

complete construction

system-

Like the Wrinkler VarioSol system, AKS Doma Flex

system is a glazed flat plate system conceived for

façades, and is characterized by a very high level of

freedom in both size and shape of the modules: 30

different standard formats up to 20 m2 are offered.

Customized module shapes and dimensions can also

be easily provided. Like for Winkler collectors, this

flexibility comes from the absorber structure made of

strips of small width and length cut to measure up to

6 m. Jointing of different colours are available.

No dummies elements are available, and no choice is

given on absorber colour/texture [5.7].



Shape of housing units a) General site considerations b) Minimizing total area for a given

functional area . c) Energy considerations ‒ Passive and Active solar design. General o Orientation: within the optimal

range. Otherwise, trade-offs in shape design should be made.

o South facing window area. Rectangular shapes: Aspect ratio ‒ of 1.3 to 1.6 should be applied . Self -Shading shapes (like L shape) o Number of shading facades o Ratio of shading to shaded façade

widths (depth ratio), and o Angle enclosed by the wings. Roofs (default hip roof): Key effects : surface area, tilt angle and orientation.

S

30° 30°

30°

30°

S

Rectangular shapes: Self -Shading shapes:


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EcoterraTM EQuilibrium House

EcoTERRA integrates

active and passive

solar design:

Passive solar

design:

Optimized triple

glazed windows and

mass

3-kW Building-

integrated

photovoltaic-thermal

system

• Prefabricated home designed to have close to net-zero annual energy consumption

5 Caroline Hachem, PhD


Warm/hot air

flow from

BIPV/T

Sun

Air intakes

in soffit

Building

integrated PV arrays

Air cavity



EcoterraTM EQuilibrium House

Building envelope

integration issues of solar

technologies include:

Construction Details -

Avoiding water penetration

Snow melting in winter

(optimal slope etc)

Differential expansion of

layers and panels

Generation of both electricity and useful heat from the same surface can be built as a modular system in a factory as preengineered system.

Funded by NRCan TEAM Program (through CETC Varennes)

The design of the JMSB Façade was modified to include a BIPV/T system.

Near south orientation The exterior wall of the mechanical room



JMSB -Concordia University

A NSERC Solar Buildings Research Network Demonstration Partners: Concordia U., Conserval Day4 Energy, Schneider Electric

• First of its kind: conceived by SBRN

• 300 m2

• 25 kWp Electric

• 75 kWp Heat (preheat up to

15000cfm fresh air for occupants)

• 5-10% of building energy

consumption

Air Inlet

Air

Cavity

Preheated fresh

air

Cold Outdoor

air

The solar facade in the JMSB Building

offers three important aspects

1. Architectural aspect

2. Functional Aspect

3. Energy Generation: Electricity and

Heat

Heat removal from PV = Improved Performance Value of electricity is up to 4 times the value of heat

generation



JMSB -Concordia University



Neighborhoods

Two shading wings

Living area

Living area

Heigh

t

≈2 times Height

S

30° 30°

30°

30°


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Positioning of housing units on a site. a) Straight road (east west direction) Low density- Detached units o Apply passive solar design for shapes. Minimum

distance between adjacent units (bylaws) High density- Attached units o Attached units are recommended for increased

density. For non-convex shapes configurations, the depth ratio and number of shading facades should be considered.

b) Curved Road Low density- Detached units o Planar obstruction angle (POA) o Orientation around the curve High Density - Attached units o Similar observations as for straight road. Additional

design issues should be addressed. c) Row Configurations Low density ‒ Detached units o Distance between rows of 1.5 - 2 times the height of

the shading building. High density ‒ Attached units o The same design recommendations as detached units.

Electricity generation 110% of the total energy use of the neighborhood

Seasonal thermal storage

BIPV Systems

BIPV Systems

District heating

Solar collectors

Generation of 62% of the total energy use

Generation of 80% of the total energy use

Some house shapes (e.g L-shape) are more beneficial in a specific site layout.

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Integration of PV in the Built Environment Hachem.pdf · Like the Wrinkler VarioSol system, AKS...

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