IAM

Identity access management

Jacques Folon !Partner Edge Consulting !Maître de conférences Université de Liège Chargé de cours ICHEC Brussels Management School Professeur invité Université de Lorraine (Metz) ISFSC, HE F.Ferrer, HE LdB (Bruxelles) Institut Arabe des Chefs d’entreprises (Tunis) Institut Africain de Management (Ouagadougou) !

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IAM

1. C’est quoi ? 2. Quel est le contexte actuel? 3. IAM & cloud computing 4. Pourquoi en avons nous

besoin? 5. To do list 6. IAM et vie privée 7. IAM et contrôle 8. e-‐discovery 9. Conclusion

1. IAM c’est quoi ?

Provisioning

Single Sign On

PKIStrong

Authentication

Federation

Directories

Authorization

Secure Remote Access

Password Management

Web Services Security

Auditing &

Reporting

Role based Management

DRM

Source: Identity and Access Management: OverviewRafal Lukawiecki -‐ Strategic Consultant, Project Botticelli Ltd [email protected]

5 Questions to ask your CISO

Q: What’s posted on this monitor?

!a – password to financial application b – phone messages c – to-do’s

Q: What determines your employee’s access?

!!a – give Alice whatever Wally has b – roles, attributes, and requests c – whatever her manager says

Q: Who is the most privileged user in your enterprise?

!!a – security administrator b – CFO c – the summer intern who is now working

for your competitor

Q: How secure is youridentity data?

!!a – It is in 18 different secured stores b – We protect the admin passwords c – Privacy? We don’t hold credit card

numbers

Q: How much are manual compliance controls costing your organization?

!a – nothing, no new headcount b – don’t ask c – don’t know

Today’s IT Challenges

More Agile Business • More accessibility for employees, customers and partners • Higher level of B2B integrations • Faster reaction to changing requirements

More Secured Business • Organized crime • Identity theft • Intellectual property theft • Constant global threats

More Compliant Business • Increasing regulatory demands • Increasing privacy concerns • Business viability concerns

State Of Security In Enterprise

• Incomplete • Multiple point solutions from many vendors • Disparate technologies that don’t work together !

• Complex • Repeated point-to-point integrations • Mostly manual operations !

• ‘Non-compliant’ • Difficult to enforce consistent set of policies • Difficult to measure compliance with those policies

Identity Management Values

• Trusted and reliable security !

• Efficient regulatory compliance !

• Lower administrative and development costs !

• Enable online business networks !

• Better end-user experience

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La gestion des identités consiste à gérer le cycle de vie des personnes (embauche, promotion, mutation, départ, etc.) au sein de la société et les impacts induits sur le système d’information (création de Comptes utilisateurs, attribution de Profils utilisateurs, mise en œuvre du contrôle d'accès, etc.).

source clusif

IAM n’est pas uniquement une tâche informatique !

• Cette gestion des identités doit pouvoir être faite d'un point de vue fonctionnel par des non-informaticiens (exemple : Ressources Humaines, Maîtrise d’ouvrage, l’utilisateur lui-même)

• et • d'un point de vue technique par des

informaticiens (exemple : administrateur, Maîtrise d’œuvre).

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IAM n’est pas uniquement une tâche informatique !

source clusif

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La solution de gestion d’identités doit être une solution globale sur la base d’une infrastructure centralisée avec une gestion fonctionnelle distribuée et qui intègre les fonctionnalités suivantes : !• la gestion du référentiel central des utilisateurs (alimentation à partir de référentiels utilisateurs sources), • la gestion du référentiel central des ressources concernées par la gestion des droits d’accès, • la gestion des habilitations (gestion des Profils, Rôles, gestion des utilisateurs, workflow), • le provisioning (synchronisation des référentiels cibles de sécurité), • l’administration décentralisée, • l’auto-administration (gestion par les utilisateurs des mots de passe et des données privées), • l’audit et le reporting, • le contrôle d’accès (authentification, autorisation).

source clusif

• What is Identity Management ? “Identity management is the set of business processes, and a supporting infrastructure, for the creation, maintenance, and use of digital identities.” The Burton Group (a research firm specializing in IT infrastructure for the enterprise)

• Identity Management in this sense is sometimes called “Identity and Access Management” (IAM)

Définition

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Identity and Access Management is the process for managing the lifecycle of digital identities and access for people, systems and services. This includes:!

User Management – management of large, changing user populations along with delegated- and self-service administration.

Access Management – allows applications to authenticate users and allow access to resources based upon policy.

Provisioning and De-Provisioning – automates account propagation across applications and systems.

Audit and Reporting – review access privileges, validate changes, and manage accountability.

CA!

IAM : J. Tony Goulding CISSP, ITIL CA t [email protected]!

IAM c’est par exemple…

• “Bonjour je suis Julie, une étudiante d’INFOSAFE.” (Identité)

• “Ceci est mon mot de passe.” (Authentification) • “Je veux accéder à la plateforme” (Authorisation accordée) • “Je veux améliorer la note de mon examen.”

(Autorisation refusée)

Mais c’est aussi…

• Un nouveau professeur • Donc une adresse email, à donner dès que possible

• Un mot de passe sur ICHEC Campus

• Un mot de passe Intranet • Un mot de passe IE Campus • Définir les autres services auxquel il a accès

Quelles sont les questions à se poser??

• Les personnes sont-‐elles ce qu’elles disent être?

• Sont-‐elles des membres réels de notre communauté ?

• Ont-‐elles reçu les autorisations nécessaires ?

• Le respect de leurs données personnelles est-‐il mis en place?

Exemples de questions

– Quel mot type de mot de passe donner? – Quelles sont les activités autorisées? – Quelles sont les activités interdites? – A quelle catégorie de personne cette nouvelle identité doit-‐elle être attachée?

– A quel moment du processus d’entrée les autorisations doivent-‐elles être données?

– Quelles modalités de contrôle sont mises en place? Peut-‐on prouver tout cela à un auditeur ?

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Le triple A de l’IAM

Authentication!WHO ARE YOU? Authorization / Access Control!WHAT CAN YOU DO? Audit!WHAT HAVE YOU DONE?

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Components of IAM

• Administration – User Management – Password Management – Workflow – Delegation

• Access Management – Authentication – Authorization

• Identity Management – Account Provisioning – Account Deprovisioning – Synchronisation

Reliable Identity Data

Adm

inistr

ation

Aut

horiza

tion

Aut

hent

icat

ion


2. Contexte actuel

Quel est le contexte actuel qui est à la base du développement de l’IAM?

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Les identités multiples selon F Cavazza

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Les identités varient selon les plateformes

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Entre l’identité virtuelle et ...

Dans ce contexte, l’amoncellement de parcelles laissées plus ou moins à l’abandon dessine un portrait par petites touches. Un peu comme les tableaux pointillistes : de manière unitaire, aucune des traces n’est réellement significative. Mais le tableau général, lui, représente le sujet dans son ensemble. À la vue de tous et pas forcément sous un angle souhaité…

http://www.buschini.com/2009/12/04/identite-‐traditionnelle-‐versus-‐identite-‐numerique/

• Internet est basé sur des communications anonymes

• Les entreprises participent à de nombreux réseaux générant de multiples identités

• Les systèmes internes ont parfois des systèmes d’identifiants différents

• Les utilisateurs sont les maillons faibles de la sécurité

• La criminalité informatique augmente • La mise en place de contrôles impose l’identification

• La gestion des traces est indispensables • La protection de la vie privée impose des contrôles

Welcome to a digital world

Sujet d’actualité…

Explosion of IDs

Pre 1980’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s

# of Digital IDs

Time

Applications

Mainframe

Client Server

Internet

Business Automation

Company (B2E)

Partners (B2B)

Customers (B2C)

Mobility


The Disconnected Reality

• “Identity Chaos” – Nombreux utilisateurs et applications – Nombreuses ID – Plusieurs identité par utilisateur – Plusieurs log in et mots de passe – Multiple repositories of identity information – Multiple user IDs, multiple passwords – Management décentralisé – Conflits business <-‐> IT

Enterprise Directory

HR

Infra Application

Office

In-House Application

!!!External app

!

Finance

employee Application

•Authentication•Authorization•Identity Data




•Authorization•Identity Data

•Authentication




Your COMPANY and your EMPLOYEES

Your SUPPLIERS

Your PARTNERSYour REMOTE and VIRTUAL EMPLOYEES

Your CUSTOMERS

Customer satisfaction & customer intimacy Cost competitiveness Reach, personalization

Collaboration Outsourcing Faster business cycles; process automation Value chain

M&A Mobile/global workforce Flexible/temp workforce

Multiple Contexts


Trends Impacting Identity

Increasing Threat Landscape Identity theft costs banks and credit card issuers $1.2 billion in 1 yr

•$250 billion lost from exposure of confidential info

Maintenance Costs Dominate IT Budget On average employees need access to 16 apps and systems

•Companies spend $20-30 per user per year for PW resets

Deeper Line of Business Automation and Integration One half of all enterprises have SOA under development

•Web services spending growing 45%

Rising Tide of Regulation and Compliance SOX, HIPAA, GLB, Basel II, 21 CFR Part 11, …

•$15.5 billion spend on compliance (analyst estimate)

Data Sources: Gartner, AMR Research, IDC, eMarketer, U.S. Department. of Justice

Business Owner

End UserIT Admin Developer Security/ Compliance

Too expensive to reach new partners, channels Need for control

Too many passwords Long waits for access to apps, resources

Too many user stores and account admin requests Unsafe sync scripts

Pain Points

Redundant code in each app Rework code too often

Too many orphaned accounts Limited auditing ability


3. IAM & Cloud computing

Cloud Computing: Definition

• No Unique Definition or General Consensus about what Cloud Computing is …

• Different Perspectives & Focuses (Platform, SW, Service Levels…)

!

• Flavours: – Computing and IT Resources Accessible Online – Dynamically Scalable Computing Power – Virtualization of Resources – Access to (potentially) Composable & Interchangeable Services – Abstraction of IT Infrastructure ! No need to understand its implementation: use Services & their APIs – Some current players, at the Infrastructure & Service Level: SalesfoRce.com, Google Apps, Amazon, Yahoo, Microsoft, IBM, HP, etc.

The Future of Identity in the Cloud: Requirements, Risks & OpportunitiesMarco Casassa Mont [email protected] HP Labs Systems Security Lab Bristol, UK - EEMA e-‐Identity Conference, 2009

Cloud Computing: Implications

• Enterprise: Paradigm Shift from “Close & Controlled” IT Infrastructures and Services to

Externally Provided Services and IT Infrastructures !

• Private User: Paradigm Shift from Accessing Static Set of Services to Dynamic & Composable

Services !

• General Issues: – Potential Loss of Control (on Data, Infrastructure, Processes, etc.) – Data & Confidential Information Stored in The Clouds – Management of Identities and Access (IAM) in the Cloud – Compliance to Security Practice and Legislation – Privacy Management (Control, Consent, Revocation, etc.) – New Threat Environments – Reliability and Longevity of Cloud & Service Providers


Identity in the Cloud: Enterprise Case

Enterprise

Data Storage Service

Office Apps

On Demand CPUsPrinting

Service

Cloud Provider #1

Cloud Provider #2

Internal Cloud

CRM Service

…

Service 3

Backup Service ILM

ServiceService

Service

Service

Business Apps/Service

Employee

……

… The Internet

Identity & Credentials







Authentication Authorization Audit




User Account Provisioning/ De-‐provisioning




Data & Confidential Information




IAM Capabilities and Services Can be Outsourced in The Cloud …



Issues and Risks [1/2] !!• Potential Proliferation of Required Identities & Credentials to Access Services !! ! Misbehaviours when handling credentials (writing down, reusing, sharing, etc.) !• Complexity in correctly “enabling” Information Flows across boundaries ! Security Threats (Enterprise ! Cloud & Service Providers, Service Provider ! Service Provider, …_ !• Propagation of Identity and Personal Information across Multiple Clouds/Services ! Privacy issues (e.g. compliance to multiple Legislations, Importance of Location, etc.) ! Exposure of business sensitive information (employees’ identities, roles, organisational structures, enterprise apps/services, etc.) ! How to effectively Control this Data? !• Delegation of IAM and Data Management Processes to Cloud and Service Providers ! How to get Assurance that these Processes and Security Practice are Consistent with Enterprise Policies? -‐ Recurrent problem for all Stakeholders: Enterprise, Cloud and Service Providers … ! Consistency and Integrity of User Accounts & Information across various Clouds/Services ! How to deal with overall Compliance and Governance issues?



Issues and Risks [2/2] !!• Migration of Services between Cloud and Service Providers !!!! ! Management of Data Lifecycle !• Threats and Attacks in the Clouds and Cloud Services ! Cloud and Service Providers can be the “weakest links” in Security & Privacy ! Reliance on good security practice of Third Parties


4.Pourquoi en avons nous besoin?

•Sécurité

•Compliance

•Réduction des coûts •Support pour l’audit •Contrôle d’accès

Source: ftp://ftp.boulder.ibm.com/software/uk/productnews/tv/vh_-‐_access_and_identity_management.pdf

Economies possibles• Directory Synchronization

“Improved updating of user data: $185 per user/year” “Improved list management: $800 per list” -‐ Giga Information Group

• Password Management “Password reset costs range from $51 (best case) to $147 (worst case) for labor alone.” – Gartner

• User Provisioning “Improved IT efficiency: $70,000 per year per 1,000 managed users” “Reduced help desk costs: $75 per user per year” -‐ Giga Information Group

Can We Just Ignore It All?

• Today, average corporate user spends 16 minutes a day logging on

• A typical home user maintains 12-‐18 identities

• Number of phishing sites grew over 1600% over the past year

• Corporate IT Ops manage an average of 73 applications and 46 suppliers, often with individual directories

• Regulators are becoming stricter about compliance and auditing

• Orphaned accounts and identities lead to security problems

Source: Microsoft’s internal research and Anti-‐phishing Working Group

IAM Benefits

Benefits to take you forward (Strategic)

Benefits today (Tactical)

Save money and improve operational efficiency

Improved time to deliver applications and service

Enhance Security

Regulatory Compliance and Audit

New ways of working

Improved time to market

Closer Supplier, Customer, Partner and Employee relationships


5. IAM to do list

• Création et suppression automatique de comptes

• Gestion des traces • Archivage (durée??) • Vie privée • Compliance • Sécurité <> risques • De plus en plus d’utilisateurs • E-‐business

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Les trois éléments

6. La protection des données personnelles

Source : https://www.britestream.com/difference.html.

Les informations circulent Qui vérifie?

Qui doit avoir accès à quoi? Limitations légales !

Responsabilités de l’organisation

TELETRAVAIL

Informations sensibles

7. IAM et Contrôle

Le maillon faible…

Données reçues et transférées

• Que peut-‐on contrôler?

• Limites?

• Correspondance privée

• Saisies sur salaire

• Sanctions réelles

• Communiquer les sanctions?

• Sécurité organisationnelle

– Département sécurité

– Consultant en sécurité

– Procédure de sécurité

– Disaster recovery

• Sécurité technique

– Risk analysis – Back-‐up – Procédure contre incendie, vol, etc. – Sécurisation de l’accès au réseau IT – Système d’authentification (identity management) – Loggin and password efficaces

• Sécurité juridique

– Contrats d’emplois et information

– Contrats avec les sous-‐contractants

– Code de conduite

– Contrôle des employés

– Respect complet de la réglementation

Qui contrôle quoi ?

8. E-‐discovery

Definition of e-‐discovery

• Electronic discovery (or e-‐discovery) refers to discovery in civil litigation which deals with information in electronic format also referred to as Electronically Stored Information (ESI).

• It means the collection, preparation, review and production of electronic documents in litigation discovery.

• Any process in which electronic data is sought, located, secured, and searched with the intent of using it as evidence in a civil or criminal legal case

• This includes e-‐mail, attachments, and other data stored on a computer, network, backup or other storage media. e-‐Discovery includes metadata.

Recommandations

Organizations should update and/or create information management policies and procedures that include: – e-‐mail retention policies, On an individual level, employees tend to

keep information on their hard drives “just in case” they might need it.

– Work with users to rationalize their storage requirements and decrease their storage budget.

– off-‐line and off-‐site data storage retention policies, – controls defining which users have access to which systems andunder

what circumstances, – instructions for how and where users can store data, and • backup

and recovery procedures. – Assessments or surveys should be done to identify business functions,

data repositories, and the systems that support them. – Legal must be consulted. Organizations and their legal teams should

work together to create and/or update their data retention policies and procedures for managing litigation holds.

9. Conclusion

• IAM n’est pas uniquement une question informatique les aspects juridiques et de gestion sont essentiels

• Attention aux aspects compliance

• Plus de sécurité nécessaire

– Cloud computing

– Virtualisation

– Data privacy

– archivage

• Transparence

• E-‐discovery

L’IAM est aussi une opportunité

• Repenser la sécurité • Limiter les risques

• Réduire les coûts • Repréciser les rôles et responsabilités

• Appréhender les risques futurs

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Et demain?

http://www.novell.com/docrep/2013/09/The_Forrester_Wave_IAM_9_4_13.pdf

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http://ts.fujitsu.com/rl/Fujitsu_Forum_2013/documentation/BOSB110a_20131030_v3_final_Security.pdf

Je suis prêt à répondre à vos questions

Jacques Folon [email protected]

IAM

Education

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