How Did the Drought of ‘16 Affect Pests in Field Crops?€¦ · How Did the Drought of ‘16...
Transcript of How Did the Drought of ‘16 Affect Pests in Field Crops?€¦ · How Did the Drought of ‘16...
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How Did the Drought of ‘16 Affect Pests in Field Crops?
Mike StanyardCornell Cooperative ExtensionNWNY Team
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8/67/19
U.S. Drought Monitor
6/77/5
http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/
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Photo: Libby Eiholzer, CCE, NWNY Team
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Drought Stress� Promotes outbreaks of plant-eating fungi
and insects� Elevates plant nutrient levels� Lowers plant defenses� More suitable physical environment
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Insects/Mites�Favor hotter drier weather
�Mild winter = Overwintering success�Speed up their life cycle
�Appear earlier than normal�Increased populations�Possible extra generation?
�Stressed plant = thicker “milkshake”
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Insects/Mites�Need water to survive�Really bad to be a slug*�Prolonged drought can be bad for bugs�Unsuitable food source�Sucking insects decrease
�Aphids
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Common Armyworm
M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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Economic ThresholdsNot well established in NY
� Seedling corn: 10-25% plants damaged� Whorl stage corn: 3 larvae/plant
� Dependent on size of larvae� Are larvae parasitized?
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https://vimeo.com/173653111M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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Corn Rootworms
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M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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Spraying for CRW Beetles?� Prevent silk clipping� Hasn’t shown to be economical in NY� Threshold:
� Silk clipped under ½ inch� 15 beetles/plant� 5/beetles/plant – drought stress
� Watch the later planted fields!
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http://labs.russell.wisc.edu/cullenlab/extension/extension-publications/
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Japanese Beetle
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� Thresholds:� 3 beetles/plant� Silk ½” or less
� First couple days of pollination
� Drought Stress� Combined with CRW� Usually on field edges
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Spider Mites
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“Stippling”
Loss of chlorophyll
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M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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Spider Mite Management�Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate – OP’s
�Bifenthrin – Fanfare, Sniper
�Combination products: Tundra Supreme
�Agri-Mek SC - abamectin
�Mite eggs are very difficult to kill
�May need to respray 7-10 days later
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Pea Aphids
Josh Harvey, WNY CMA
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Where were the Soybean Aphids?
M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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D. Branton
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D. DeGolyer, WNY CMA
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Diseases During Drought� Fungal root rots� Phytopthora� Charcoal Rot� Rusts� Stalk rots
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Diseases that Decreased� Leaf diseases
� Different if humid, dews� NCLB and GLS came in late on corn
� White mold� Fusarium head scab - VOM
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Diseases in Dry Weather?
M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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PhytopthoraRoot Rot
M. Hunter, CCE, NNY Team
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J. Cummings, Cornell
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August 1, Ontario County
M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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Source: Martin Draper, USDA
Charcoal Rot� Soilborne disease� Hot, dry conditions� Long lived in soil� 500 hosts� Fungicides ineffective� Rotation – small grains
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Stripe Rust in Wheat
M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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Crown Rust in Oats
M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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Stalk Rots
M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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Potash Deficiency
M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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Weed Issues
M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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Waterhemp
M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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M. Stanyard, CCE, NWNY Team
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Marestail Problems Expand
D, Branton
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Where’s My Beans???
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Marestail� Many more glyphosate failures� ALS resprays failed� More ALS resistance than expected� Management
� Fall spraying� Clean up in corn rotation� Liberty Link soybeans� Enlist soybeans� Xtend