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Homologation et testing des ADAS/véhicules autonomes. - Etat des lieux règlementaire, normatif, Euro NCAP,

- Testing et moyens d'essai

24/11/2016 – Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

Alain PIPERNO UTAC-CERAM ( & VEDECOM)

Autonomous Vehicle Expert & Project Manager for AD Testing & Homologation

Leader of French automotive WG AD Testing & Homologation

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UTAC CERAM at the hearth of the AD Ecosystem

Introduction : UTAC & AD Ecosystem

24/11/2016

Active Member• in AD regulation WG

(ACSF in UNECE WP29 GRRF)

ISO TC22 Co-Leader• ADAS, HMI, ADDR, 26262, cyber-

security

REGULATION & STANDARDISATION

Board Member

Active Member• in all WG

• in Highly Autonomous Driving

Group

Accredited laboratory

Active Member

Active Member :• New Face of Industry in France

• French Automobile Platform (PFA)

• VEDECOM Research Institute:

dedicated for AD & EU

• French AD research projects:

« Autoconduct » and

« Autonomous shuttles »

• H2020 ART 04 research projects:

BRAVE

Leader :• R&D Project with a major French

insurance company (MAIF

Foundation)

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

324/11/2016

Juridique = juristes, lois, convention de Vienne = Code de la route « chapeau »= de plus en plus mondial : UNECE , WP1 road safety

Technique = ingénieurs = normes, règlementation, homologation, réception

Norme = référence technique, non obligatoire (ISO 26262, IHM for AD,…)

Règlementation technique automobile ( règlements, directives, décrets,..)de + en + mondiale : UNECE WP29 World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations

Binome-coordination WP1(lois, conv.Vienne) - WP29 (règlementation technique)

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

DEFINITIONS

424/11/2016 – Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

DEFINITIONS

Homologation = validation de la conformité aux règlementspar des essais ( et audit sdf pour les systèmes complexes)

= faite par les Services Techniques de l’état ( centre d’essai ayant délégation de l’état ) : 1 seul en France, UTAC.

Réception = autorisation administrative d’immatriculer, circuler, commercialiser,si tous les PV d’homologation sont OK.

France = CNRV à Montlhéry PSA,RSA environ 1 fois/an.

Depuis 1990, Tout constructeur a le choix du pays/centre d’homologation.

Une seule homologation valable dans toute l’Europe.

524/11/2016 – Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

DEFINITIONS

Les nouvelles technologies sont souvent en avance sur la législation.Réglementation technique (WP29) et lois (WP1) sont indépendantes :

LVV (limiteur volontaire de vitesse) : règlementé (R89), non obligatoire, pas de loi (Un système est légal s’il n’est pas interdit).

ESC (correction automatique de trajectoire) : vente ~1995, règlementé 2011, hors lois & convention de Vienne car ESC, AEB, Airbag = systèmes de sécuritéet pas aide à la conduite par L’OICA : A=warning, B=aide , C=sécuritaire.

RV (régulateur de Vitesse) : vente ~1980, légalisé en mars 2016 par la CdViennequi autorisera toutes les aides influençant la conduite, pas de règlementation.

Autopilot : vendu Europe par Tesla en 2016 , règlementé en 2018.

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ADAS & AD Regulation review : general view

24/11/2016

To anticipate the future mandatory needs we develops 4 key activities :

EXPERTISE & CONSULTINGin standards, pre-regulation,

regulation, testing

PHYSICAL TESTING

AD testing needs & roadmapAD keypoints & scenarios

Coming soon:AD proving grounds & EquipmentsPublic road circuit for robustness

VIRTUAL TESTINGDRIVING SIMULATOROn discussion / link with

French OEM’s and R&D

SAFETY regulation conformity assessment

Audit ISO 26262 + new SOTIF

Regulation no ADAS M1 regulation, AD regulation in 2018

Consumer’s Euro NCAP ratings AEB/LKA ratings, AD ratings in ~2020

OEM’s testing needs now for R&D, and higher than regulation

NB : adaptive lighting for ADAS/AD regulation & testing OK : R123 , R48 on-board

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

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Regulation address ADAS & AD systems (not components)

24/11/2016

ADAS & AD 17 systems Techno readiness

Longitudinal control ACC Now

Lateral control LK Now

Emergency braking AEBS Now

Basic IHM & driver alert Now

Complex IHM & driver monitoring 2019

Cooperation/arbitration HM 2025

Emergency manoeuvre EM 2018

Minimum risk manoeuvre MRM 2018

Lane change LC 2018

Ways in & out management 2020

Lights & intersection management 2025

VRU Management 2020

V2V 2020

Platooning 2020 ?

V2I 2025

Safety always on 2025

ADDR/DSSA 2018

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

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AD regulation draft

24/11/2016

Items in AD regulation draft :

• Draft built every 2-3 month in UNECE/WP29/ACSF WG

(Automatically Controlled Steering Function)all countries/OEM except US/China

• R79 amendments , Only for M1 & highway autonomous drivingwill probably regulate ADAS LKA/TJA5 categories : A, B, C, D, E

• sept.2016: in UNECE WP29 GRRF regulation WG• sept.2016: official regulation draft for B1(LKA)

Febr.2017 for A (park assist) & B2 (LKP)• In 2018: regulation & tests for homologation

• 4 sec. for driver to come back to driving• if necessary minimum risk manoeuvre (MRM)

& emergency manoeuvre (EM)• 3 min. maxi of AD (for safety)• Driver availability recognition system• ADDR probably

ADAS & AD 17 systemsTechno

readiness

Longitudinal control ACC Now

Lateral control LK Now

Emergency braking AEBS Now

Basic IHM & driver alert Now

Complex IHM & driver monitoring 2019

Cooperation/arbitration HM 2025

Emergency manoeuvre EM 2018

Minimum risk manoeuvre MRM 2018

Lane change LC 2018

Ways in & out management 2020

Lights & intersection management 2025

VRU Management 2020

V2V 2020

Platooning 2020 ?

V2I 2025

Safety always on 2025

(probably) ADDR/DSSA 2018

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

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AD regulation draft

24/11/2016

UTAC CERAM is actor in French delegationIn 2017 a pre-regulation engineer 50% in VEDECOM

homologation tests are discussed in AD regulation draft

11 tests for E categorie (highway pilot with lane change without driver validation)

FU1 FU2 EM1A EM2 TR1 TR2 TR4

Curved track Straight track Straight track Straight track Curved track Curved track Curved track

Lane keeping Lane changeBrakingtarget

Stationary target

Lateral acceleration

exceeded

Missing lane marking

Failure in a curve

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

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Regulation review & UTAC CERAM Testing Roadmap

24/11/2016

1990- 2011 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

ABS, ESP, Speed limitation,Speed regulation

• AEB car2car• LDW• SAS

• AEB car2pedestrian• LKA• SAS-2

• AEB bicycle• AEB car2car ph.2(angle/overlap/cut-in)• LSS & SAS-2

ADAS & AD complete ratings ?

• AEB turn assist/crossing /partial junction assist

• virtual co-pilot• partial AD

R&D Testing

AD Testing for: • Autopark• shuttles• V2V-V2I R&D

AD Testing for: • trafic jam pilot• highway pilot• City & V2V-V2I

AD & ADAS completeTesting /rating /homologation

AD Testing for: • Extended vehicle• Off-board services

Regulation & Homologation testingno ADAS regulation(only for ESP and trucks AEB & LDW)

ADAS & AD regulation (R79 amendment) for highway assist/pilot & autopark

ADAS & AD regul.in cities ?cyber security ?All vehicles ? ….

ADAS & AD regulation all RXX amendments ? all AD systems ?On roads ?

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

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Standards to prepare or to complete regulationStandards are optional, not mandatory

UTAC - BNA:is co-leader of ISO/TC22 ISO/TC22 (delegation from AFNOR)coordinates in all groups the french positions with french OEM’s & Stakeholders

Current standards development or possible to start:

Standardisation Review : ISO/TC22 groups

24/11/2016

• Automatic braking measurements test

• Lane keeping assist vehicle response

• Taxonomy (revue of the SAE J3016)

(could be proposed)

• IHM specificities for autonomous vehicle

• Definitions of measures of human performance

& state for AD (soon proposed)

• Cyber security

• ISO 26262 functional safety

• Gigabit Ethernet

• Event Data Recorder (ADDR / DSSA)

(to be proposed)

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

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Automated shuttles : • Authorized on private roads• Already in production, sales, exploitation• Important for last km mobility & urban

public transport• No vehicle type, No regulation, No

homologation tests, No Norm→ but Obligation of safety (Directive

2001/95/CE)

UTAC CERAM uses its expertise in regulation & testing of all types of vehicles

and is building pre-regulation & testingfor french VEDECOM research institute

UTAC CERAM co-leads French WG ”testing & homologation of automated public transport” and provides support to :

• shuttle manufacturers (Easymile, Navya,…) • shuttle operators (Transdev, RATP, Keolis)

AD Shuttles

24/11/2016 – Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

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3 AD main functions , many critical events/scenarios/misuses/behaviours :

AD Testing & Homologation Keypoints

24/11/2016

PERCEIVEFast & Well

Dazzling sun

Fog

Rain

Erased lane

Flying paper

Tunnel

Little pedestrian

Pedestrians intentions

All drivers intentions

Driver state

UNDERSTAND & DECIDEFast & Well

Driver not responding

Involuntary action

Dangerous motorcycle

Abnormal behaviour

Abnormal situation

Vertical shield wrong place

Map not actualized

Ethic decision

Driver/vehicle arbitration

Safety always on

ACTFast & Well

Crash avoidance

Pedestrian avoidance

Lane keeping

Lane avoidance

Reactions in heavy traffic

Minimum risk maneuvers

Respect all road rules

Who was driving/ADDR ?

Driver monitoring

Driver/vehicle cooperation

Many different factors integrated :

Human – Ethical – Legal/Regulation – Technical - Safety

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

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AD Testing

24/11/2016

AD Testing scenarios/protocols examples (4 out of 50 in development, including 11 tests in regulation draft )

During auto-parkinglittle VRU-pedestrian proximity

Suddenly difficult perception caused by tunnels

AD Capability to manage aggressive entering vehicles2 scenarios : entering has priority or not

Maneuvers & transition if obstacles

R&

DR

&D

R&

DR

&D

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

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Euro NCAP expertise and scenarios are an important part of AD testing scenarios/protocols

AD Testing

24/11/2016

Euro NCAP Car to Car complex scenarios

Euro NCAP Car to VRU scenarios

Car to PedestrianLongitudinal scenario

Car to PedestrianTurning scenario

Car to PedestrianNight testing

Car to BycicleCrossing scenario

Car to 2-wheelerPowered 2-wheelers scenario

In developmentat UTAC CERAM

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

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UTAC CERAM is developing its own AD proving grounds

4 AD testing zones

1. Autopark

2. Dynamic & maneuvers (AEB, LKA, ACC, EM, MRM)

3. Highway & multi lanes

4. City & ITS

AD complete testing ground project in process Target

→ Delivery : T1 2018

AD Proving grounds for PFA/NFI

24/11/2016 – Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

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Driving robots, synchronisation, D-GPS, data analyse systems

Official Euro NCAP targets (propulsion & remote control)

Coming soon:→ Connectivity : Wi-Fi G5-802.11.p, 4G

→ IT infrastructure & data services

→ EV quick charging solutions

→ Intersection lights, 3 languages road signals, highway portal signals, tow truck

→ Night lighting, tunnel

Large equipment capabilities

24/11/2016

3D-balloon cars GST Platform Pedestrian target Bicycle target

Steering robots Accelerator robots Braking robots Motion packs and range systems

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

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bénéfices et limites des VA

Projet de recherche sept.2016- mars 2018 ,

financé :

avec des études

confiées à :

rejoint travaux

du GT AD :

Caractérisation :

-fonctions, dysfonctions, mésusages

-domaine couvert constructeur

AEB, ACC, LKA, autopilot ,

trafic jam pilot, highway pilot

road, city, autopark , V2V, V2I

coopération HM, safety always on

-scénarios accidentogènes actuels

-nouveaux scénarios critiques

Construction de tests/circuits« simples & consuméristes »

pour évaluer bénéfices et limites : - sécurité , réaction, détection (nuit)

- sinistres/couts

- temps potentiel retrouvé

- fatigue, confort

- consommation

- ….

1924/11/2016 – Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM

Entretien véhiculeplus d’entretien

moins d’accidents/réparations

minimum, optimum, incitation

ADAS/cond.déléguée activés ou pas ? taux activation réglable ? mesurable ?

moins d’accidents/réparations

minimum, optimum, incitations

Selon domaine de fonctionnement Estimer % accidents couvertsEt adapter tarifs/incitations

Alimenter en études les dossiersAmendt CDVienne - responsabilité

Réglementation

Permis de conduite

Entretien véhicule

Code de la route & usages

Driver monit./mesures à bord

CDC Infrastructures minimum

Études accidentset presqu’accidentscorporels/matériels(PSA , LAB, VEDECOM, UTAC partants)

Navettes autonomesVoies privées ou protégées

Problématiques nouvelles ASSURANCE-REPARATION

2024/11/2016

Thanks for your attention

Let’s discuss !

– Alain PIPERNO UTAC CERAM