jif{ !, c+s $, @)&%÷)&^kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3 g]kfn -Pkmf]g_ åf/f k|sflzt

Ps kl/jf/ Ps kfl/jfl/s lghL jg, ;zQm ;+u7g ;d'Ggt hLjg

i6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/Ln] hnjfo' cg's"ngdf ;xof]usf nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo;dIf cfu|x ug'{ePsf] 5 .

kf]Nof08sf] So6f]lj;df oxL @)&% d+l;/ !^ b]lv @* ut];Dd ePsf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;Dd]ng -sf]k–@$_ nfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ /fi6«kltn] o:tf] cfx\jfg ug'{ePsf] xf] . ;Dd]ngnfO{ d+l;/ !& ut] ;Daf]wg ub}{ /fi6«klt e08f/Ln] gu/]sf] glauf/]sf] s;'/sf] ;hfo ef]Ug' k/]sf] h:tf] cg'e"lt xfdLnfO{ ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFsf] ;Daf]wgdf lyof], …lgbf]{ifx?dfly cGofo x'g glbg' ljZj ;d'bfosf] bfloTj xf] eGg] s'/f d oxfFx? ;a}nfO{ :d/0f u/fpg rfxG5' .Ú kf]Nof08 k|:yfg

ug{'cl3 l6\j6 u/]/ /fi6«kltn] hnjfo' cg's"ng ug{ g]kfn k|lta4 /x]sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|ToIf c;/ dlxnf / ljkGg ju{df emg\ a9L kg]{ u/]sf] pxfFsf] syg 5 . xfn} ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] cfO{kL;L;L;Lsf] ljz]if k|ltj]bgn] to u/]sf] !=% l8u|L ;]lN;o; tfkqmd l:y/ /fVg] y|];xf]N8leq} sfa{g pT;h{gnfO{ ;Lldt ug{ cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfonfO{ pxfFn] cfu|x ug'{eof] .

kf]NofG8sf] So6f]lj;df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL vfsf dxf;lGw -o"PgPkm;L;L;L_ sf] @$ cf}+ ;Dd]ng -sf]k—@$_ df jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqL zlQmaxfb'/ a:g]t klg ;xefuL x'g'ePsf] lyof] .

va/

hnjfo' cg's"ngdf ;xof]u ug{ /fi6«kltsf] cfu|x

sf]k– @$

/f

jg If]qdfkm{t cfly{s ;d[l4df dlxnfsf] e"ldsf

kfl/jfl/s lghL jg M dlxnf ;xeflutfaf6 ;d[l4 ;Dej

lrtjg lhNnf clwj]zg

dlxnf ljz]iffª\s

2 kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

xl/of] jg, hgtfsf] wgÚ eGg] plQm s]an gf/fdf dfq ;Lldt x'g

yfNof] . clxn] jgh+un IfoLs/0f x'Fb} uPsf] dfq 5}g, o;sf] ;d'lrt k|of]u ug{ g;Sbf /fHo / ;/f]sf/jfnf, kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ls;fgn] 7"nf] gf]S;fgL Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] 5 . jt{dfg cj:yfdf jgnfO{ xl/of]sf ?kdf /fv]/ ;d[l4sf] ;kgf s]an cfTdf/ltdf /dfpg'dfq xf] eGbf clto'Qm gxf]nf . jt{dfg cj:yfdf jg pBd :yfkgf u/]/ ;d[l4 Nofpg] cleofgdf ;a}sf] rf;f] /x]sf] 5 . of] cleofgsf] klxnf] xsbf/ %! k|ltzt hg;+Vof cf]u6]sf dlxnfx? g} x'g\ .

jt{dfg ;dfhdf eg] ;a} ;+/rgfdf k'?ifsf] xflnd'xfnL 5 . oxL sf/0f dlxnfsf] cfly{s ;Df[l4df lg0ff{os txdf k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n] ;+o'Qm

/fi6«;+3sf] gf/f g} x/]s If]qdf dlxnf klxnf eGg] ;fsf/ kfg{ :yfgLo txsf dlxnfdf of] ;Gb]z lbg ;a} ;+/rgfdf dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] bfaL ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;zQmLs/0f ug]{ lbzfdf n}hfg' k5{ .

lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf u/fP/ cufl8 a9fpFb} hfg' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . g]kfnsf] jgdfkm{t ;d[l4 Nofpg dlxnfnfO{ d"n k|jfxLs/0f u/]/ hfg' clt cfjZos 5 . g]kfnnfO{ w]/} wgL agfpg ljBdfg cj:yfdf jgdf cfwfl/t pBd vf]Ng clxn]sf] gLltut cK7\of/fnfO{ ;dfwfg gug]{ xf] eg] cfsfzsf] kmn cfFvf t/L d/ eg] ;/x x'g]5 .

;d[l4sf nflu jg eGg] gf/fnfO{ ;kmn kfg{ ;a} tx / tKsfsf ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfn] 7f]; Wofg lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . ;d[4 g]kfn v';L g]kfnLnfO{ uGtJosf ?kdf lnO{ cl3 a9\g] xf] eg] dlxnfnfO{ ;a} lg0f{o / cy{k"0f{ ;xefuL u/fpFb} jgsf] dfWodaf6 cfly{s ;d[l4 Nofpg 7f];

kxn / k|oTg ug{ h?/L 5 . kfl/jfl/s lghL jgdf cem} klg ;/sf/L x:tIf]k / c;xof]usf sf/0f o;n] cfly{s ;d[l4df ;f]r]h:tf] 6]jf lbg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . n}+lus clwsf/sf ljifodf t emg\ w}/} 6f9fsf] ljifosf ?kdf /x]sf] oyfy{tf ;a}sf ;fd' 5 .

kfl/jfl/s lghL jgx? 7]s]bf/ / Jofj;flos 3/fgfsf] lgoGq0fdf /x]sfn] klg :yfgLo ?kdf /x]sfn] klg :yfgLo ;d'bfo / cfdls;fgn] ;f]r]cg';f/sf k|ltkmn k|fKt ug{ c;dy{ 5g\ . :jo+ /fHo;+oGqsf] c;xof]usf] rk]6fdf k/]sf ;a} jgdWo] kfl/jfl/s lghL jgnfO{ emg\ ;f}tfg] Jojxf/ ul//x]sf] k|i6} 5 . dlxnfsf ljifodf t emg\ ;/sf/ / ;/f]sf/jfnf a]jfl/;]sf ?kdf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] sf7sf] Joj:yfkg / ;b'kof]u ug]{eGbf klg ljb]zaf6 cfk"lt{ u/]/ g]kfnsf] cy{tGqnfO{ k/lge{/tflt/ ws]n]sf] ;/sf/sf] Jojxf/af6 k|i6 x'G5 .

oL / o:t} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgdf ;a}sf] Pstfa4 k|of;sf] vfFrf] 5 . g]kfnsf] jg Joj:yfkgdf s;n] s] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ xf], s:tf] gLlt cfjZos 5, clxn] s] eO/x]sf] 5, To;nfO{ /fd|f] ug{ s] ug{ ;lsG5 < h:tf ljifodf

jg If]qdfkm{t cfly{s ;d[l4df dlxnfsf] e"ldsf

hf]u/fh lu/L cWoIf, kfl/jfl/s lghL

jg ;+3, g]kfn

3kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] Joj:yf u/]cg'?k d'n'sdf ;+3Lo /fHo Joj:yf ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . ;f]xLadf]lhd xfn;Dd tLg} txsf] lgjf{rg eP/ dftxtsf ;/sf/n] sfd ;~rfngdf NofO;s]sf 5g\ . ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] æ;d[4 g]kfn / ;'vL g]kfnLÆ /fli6«o ;+sNkcg';f/ cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f / ;'zf;gsf] dfWodaf6 ;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] cfly{s ;d[l4 xfl;n ug{ k|efjsf/L of]hgf agfP/ cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/sf] /fli6«o cleofgdf w]/} If]qsf] of]ubfg /xG5 . t/ klg dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg eg] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkgn] g} lbg ;Sg] b]lvG5 . hn, hldg,

h+un, vlgh, hl8a'6L g} k|fs[lts ;|f]t x'g\ . pNn]lvt oL ;|f]tx?dWo] klg jg dxTjk"0f{ c+usf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . o;af6} æ;d[4 g]kfn / ;'vL g]kfnLÆ eGg] gf/fn] ;fy{stf lng ;Dej 5 . o; cleofgnfO{ ;fy{s agfpg jg If]qn] g} dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ug{ ;S5 . h;n] ubf{ cfufdL lbgdf jg If]qsf] of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu xfn;Dd ePsf ultljlwsf] ;dLIff u/]/ cl3 a9\g' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .

kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

g]kfnsf] jg If]qsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ckgfOPsf df]8nx?nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] emG8} bh{gsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . tLdWo] ;fd'bflos, sa'lnotL, wfld{s, rSnf, ;+/lIft, dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos, kfl/jfl/s lghL jg / lghL jg vf;df clxn] b]lvPsf 5g\ . t/ jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnon] xfn;Dd ;~rfng

OlGb/f l3ld/] pkfWoIf, Pkmf]g

;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo, k|fs[lts ;|f]tdf cfwfl/t ;~hfnx?, ;+3, dxf;+3 / ;/sf/sf aLrdf ;3g ax; / ;+jfb cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . ;a} jg If]qdf lbuf] jg Joj:yfkgdfkm{t jg pBd vf]n]/ b]zsf] ;Df[l4sf] lbzflt/ pGd'v ug]{ e"ldsf lgefpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . o; jg pBd dxfcleofgdf dlxnfnfO{ lg0ff{os / ;lqmo ;xefuL jgfO{ n}+lus d}qL agfP/ hfg' t emg\ s'O/f]sf] sfusf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] casf lbgdf ;a} tx / tKsfdf dlxnfsf] Ifdtf ljsf; u/L cl3 a9fpg cToGt cfjZos 5 .

jt{dfg cj:yfdf zx/L If]qdf 38]/Lsf] ?kdf /x]sf] hUuf dlxnfsf gfddf /x]sf] 5, t/ u|fdL0f If]qdf clxn] klg dlxnfsf gfddf hUu} 5}g . pgLx?df ;DklQdfly clwsf/ 5}g . To;}n] cfufdL lbgx?df dlxnfsf] gfddf hUufsf] :jfldTj lbnfP/ jgsf] :jfldTj lbnfpFb} cfly{s ;zQmLs/0f cleofgsf ?kdf n}hfg' k5{ . jg pkef]u ug]{ klxnf] pkof]ustf{ dlxnf ePsf sf/0fn] k|fyfldstfsf xsbf/ g} pgLx? x'g\ . o; cy{df klg k|fs[lts ;|f]tleqsf] kfl/jfl/s lghL jgdf ;~rfng ul/g] ;du| lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg u/fpFb} dlxnfnfO{ clwsf/;lxtsf] cfly{s ;d[l4 :yfkgf ug{ ;lsof] eg] pgLx?sf] ;du| ljsf; x'Fb} ;d'Ggt ;dfhsf] ljsf; x'g] s'/fdf b'O{dt 5}g .

kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3, g]kfnn] ;~rfng ug]{ h'g;'s} ultljlwdf dlxnfsf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf u/fpFb} n}hfg] ;f]r agfP/ g} kfl/jfl/s lghL jgdf ;+nUg dlxnf ls;fgsf] k|yd /fli6«o ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . o; ;Dd]ngaf6 cfPsf dxTjk"0f{ ;Gb]znfO{ cfufdL lbgdf ;d]6\b} /0fgLlts of]hgf agfP/ cl3 a9\g] ljifodf ;+3sf] ;+:yfut b[li6sf]0f /x]sf] 5 . o; ;Dd]ngn] cfufdL lbgdf ;~rfng ug]{ k}/aL cleofgsf] of]hgf;d]t lgdf{0f x'g]5 .

kfl/jfl/s lghL jgdfkm{t dlxnf ;xeflutf / cfly{s ;d[l4

4 kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

u/]sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf] ;Gbe{df rf}wf}+ of]hgfdf pNn]v u/] klg sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf avt o;af/] s]xL pNn]v u/]sf] kfOFb}g .

lghL jgsf] ;Gbe{df jg bzs sfo{qmddf s]xL ;fdfGo sfo{qmd ;~rfng u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L lghL jg sf] If]qdf ;~rfng u/]sf] sfo{qmdn] s] 7f]; pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf] 5 < eGg] vf]hL ubf{ kfOg] jf hgtfsf] cfly{s:t/df s] slt of]ubfg lbof] < s'g} 7f]; clen]v kfOFb}g . t/ kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf] If]qnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] d'n'sdf sf7 / bfp/fsf] cfk"lt{df / kl/jf/sf] cfly{s ;d[[l4df dxTjk'0f{ of]ubfg u/]sf] 5 . 3fF; bfp/f pTkfbg xf];\ jf sf7 pTkfbgdf, kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf] dxTj lgs} /fd|f] 5 . t/ jg ljefudf /x]sf] tYof+snfO{ s]nfpg] xf] eg] lghL jgsf] xfn;Ddsf] ;+Vof @,$%* / If]qkmn @,#^) x]S6/dfq /x]sf] b]lvG5 . 3/w'/L slt xf] < dlxnfsf] gfddf slt jg 5 < eg]/ vf]hL ubf{ s'g} tYof+s kfOFb}g . o; cy{df ;/sf/L b:tj]hx?df kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf] s'g} /]s8{ g} /flvPsf] kfOGg . o;nfO{ b'ef{Uosf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . ha ls d'n'sdf 7"nf] lx+:;f kfl/jfl/s lghL jgn] lng ;s]sf] 5 .

ls;fgnfO{ ufx|f]

kfl/jfl/s ?kdf lghL jg ;+/If0f u/] klg ls;fgn] ?vsf] pkef]u ug{ sfg'gL Jofjwfgx? Joxf]l//xg' k/]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf] cGg vfg] af/Ldf /f]k]sf ?vsf] :jfldTj

ls;fgx?;Fu 5}g . o;n] cfkm"n] ;+/If0f u/]sf] cfkm\g} ;DklQ k|of]u ug{ rfxFbf pgLx?n] ljleGg vfnsf sfg'gL emd]nfx? Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] 5 . ;j{;fwf/0f ls;fgdf cfOk/]sf] o:tf uDeL/ ljifodf /fHon] vf;} rf;f] /fv]sf] 5}g .

To;f] t ;/sf/n] kfl/jfl/s lghL jgk|lt jf:t} u/]sf] kfOGg . ha ls g]kfnsf] s'n e"efusf] slt k|ltzt If]qkmn kfl/jfl/s lghL jgn] cf]u6]sf] 5 eGg] cfFs8f ;/sf/l;t cem} 5}g . Ps cgf}krfl/s hfgsf/Lcg';f/ g]kfnsf] s'n jg If]qsf] sl/a !! k|ltzt kfl/jfl/s lghL jgn]

cf]u6]sf] 5 . ls;fgn] sf7, bfp/f pNn]Vo ?kdf kfl/jfl/s lghL jgaf6 pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .

kfl/jfl/s ?kdf ls;fgn] cfkm\gf cTofjZos cfjZostf k"/f ug{ cfkmg} hldgdf /f]k]sf÷x'sf{Psf jg tyf hl8a'6Lsf] cToflws ?kdf pkef]u ug{ rfxG5g\ . ls;fgn] g cfkm}+ pkef]u ug{ kfpF5g\ gt ;xh ?kdf k|lqmof k'¥ofP/ klg a]rlaqmL ug{ kfO/x]sf 5g\ . kfl/jfl/s

lghL jg ls;fgn] cfkm}+n] jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg u/]/ ;xh ?kdf k|of]u ug{ gkfPsfn] ls;fg df/df k/]sf 5g\ .

ls;fgn] cfkm"n] nufPsf] jg k}bfjf/ klg pBf]u;Dd k'¥ofP/ lr/fgnufot sfd ug{ ;d:of 5 . JolQmut / Jofj;flos b'j} k|of]hgsf nflu pBf]udf NofOPsf jg k}bfjf/nfO{ ;dfg ?kdf jg sfof{non] x]g]{ u/]sf] 5 . oxL sf/0f jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg ug]{ ls;fg 7"nf] df/df k/]sf 5g\ . JolQmut / Jofj;flos ?kdf k|of]u ul/g] jg k}bfjf/nfO{ cnu ?kdf JofVof ul/g'\k5{ cyf{t\ cnu ?kdf sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f ul/g'k5{

tf ls JolQmut k|of]hgdf lgjf{w ?kdf ls;fgn] k|of]u ug{ kfpg'k5{ . pgLx?n] 3/fo;L sfddf k|of]u ug]{ sf7 lr/fg u/]/ pBf]uaf6 3/;Dd lgjf{w cf];f/k;f/ ug{ /f]stf]s nufpg' x'Gg . ha;Dd ;j{;fwf/0f ls;fgn] cfkm"n] /f]k]sf] x'sf{Psf] ?v la?jf ;xh ?kdf k|of]u ug{ tyf laqmL ljt/0f ug{ kfpFb}gg\ ta;Dd ls;fg dsf{df

k5{g\ . xf]Og eg] w]/} b'Mv u/]/ clxn];Dd ls;fgn] ub}{ cfPsf] jg ;+/If0f tyf Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u gx'g ;S5 . pgLx? la?jf x'sf{pg]tkm{ nfUg] 5}gg\ .

ls;fgsf nflu kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3

dfly pNn]lvt emGem6 / ;d:ofsf sf/0f jg ls;fgn] lbglbg} ef]Ub} cfPsf 5g\ . cfkm"n] hf]ufPsf] cfkm\g} hldgsf] jg k}bfjf/ pkof]u ug{} ufx|f] 5 . o;af6

hn, hldg, h+un, vlgh, hl8a'6L g} k|fs[lts ;|f]t x'g\

g]kfnsf] s'n jg If]qsf] sl/a !! k|ltzt kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf ?kdf x'sf{OPsf jg / ToxfFsf] hldgdf dlxnfsf] clwsf/ :yflkt u/fpg uf]i7L

5kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

jg ls;fg la/lQmPsf 5g\ . pgLx?s} ;d:ofnfO{ cfTd;fy ug{ kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ls;fg ;+ul7t x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf 68\sf/f] b]lvPsf] 5 . log} ls;fgsf ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ x]t'n] kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3, g]kfnsf] hGd eof] .

kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3 hlGdg'sf] d"n cfwf/ g} ls;fgn] cfkm\gf af/Ldf x'sf{Psf ?v k|of]u ubf{ /fHoaf6 ;hfosf] eflubf/ x'g' kl//x]sf] 5 . lj; @)&! df3 @$ ut] cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf >lds lbj;sf] ;Gbe{ kf/]/ :yfkgf ePsf] ;+3n] olta]nf;Dd $% lhNnfdf cfkm\gf] ;+u7g lj:tf/ ul/;s]sf] 5 . o;df % xhf/eGbf a9L ls;fg cfa4 eO;s]sf 5g\ .

æPs kl/jf/ Ps kfl/jfl/s lghL jg, ;d[4 g]kfn xfd|f] cleofgÆ d"n gf/f;fy kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ls;fgx?sf] clwsf/ /Iff / yk clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu 5ftf ;+u7gsf ?kdf :yfkgf ePsf] ;+3n] lghL jg ls;fgnfO{ cleefjsTj lbFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;+3sf] ljwfgnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] klg :yfgLo tx, lhNnf tx, k|b]z tx / s]Gb|Lo tx u/L rf/ txsf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfcg';f/sf] ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgfsf] kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] 5 . ;a} txdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf ## k|ltzt ;''lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 .

/fli6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ng lsg <

/fHosf tLg} txdf ;+ljwfgcg';f/ gofF gLlt / sfg'g aGg] r/0fdf 5g\ . xfdLn] klg /fHosf tL lgsfol;t ca aGg] jg sfg'g ls;fgd}qL x'g'k5{, jg ;+/If0f u/]/ a:g] ls;fgnfO{ jg ;+/0fIf u/, jg x'sf{pm, a9fpm, t/ kl5 sf6\g]

a]nfdf /fHonfO{ g;f]wL sf6\g kfpFb}gf}+ cyf{t\ ls;fgnfO{ jg nufpg] / ;+/If0f ug]{ clwsf/dfq 5 . x'lsPsf ?vsf] pkof]u ug{ eg] /fHonfO{ ;f]Wg'k5{ . of] /fHos} xf] eGg] vfnsf sfg'g gag'g\ eGg] xfd|f] cfu|x xf] . /, efjL k}/jL sfo{qmd klg log} ljifodf s]lGb|t x'g] 5g\ .

/fHo txaf6 aGg] sfg'gdf kfl/jfl/s lghL jgnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ ls;fg ;+/lIft jg k|of]ud'vL agfOg'k5{ . o;f] ePdfq æ;d[4 g]kfn / ;'vL g]kfnLÆ sf] dxfg\ cleofg ;kmn kfg{ ;lsG5 . jg ;+ljwfgsf] ;femf ;"rLdf /x]sfn] kfl/jfl/s lghL jgnfO{ :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ If]qdf /fv] ls;fgsf] :yfgLo txdf kx'Fr ;xh x'G5 .

o;kl5 dfq jg k|of]u u/]afkt :yfgLo txnfO{ cfjZos /fhZj ltg{ ls;fg tof/ x'g]5g\ . o; sf/0f klg cfly{s ;d[[l4sf] dxTjk"0f{ v'8\lsnf] kfl/jfl/s jg g} xf] . o;af/] b]ze/ 5l/P/

/x]sf kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf dlxnf kbflwsf/L / ;b:ox?sf] k[i7kf]if0f lnO{ ;+3n] efjL sfo{gLlt to ug{ nfu]sf] 5 . o;df ;+3sf] /0fgLlt s:tf] x'g'k5{ t ;d]ng ug'{sf] d"n p2]Zo o;}df s]lGb|t /xg] 5 .

ls;fgdf hldgdflysf] :jfldTj eP klg To;df nufPsf÷x'sf{Psf ?vdflysf] :jfldTj 5}g . dlxnf ls;fgsf] t hldgdfly g} :jfldTj 5}g . jgdf x'g' t lgs} 6f9fsf] ljifo eof] . d'n'ssf] hg;+Vofdf %! k|ltzteGbf a9L dlxnf 5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf dlxnfn] jg tyf s[lif Joj;fodf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]s} x'G5g\ . pgLx?s} sf/0f cfly{s tyf ;fDfflhs ljsf; / /fhgLlts kl/jt{g ;Dej ePsf] 5 .

To;f] t jg ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkgdf klg dlxnf ls;fgsf] e"ldsf sd 5}g . pgLx?s} d]xgtn] w]/} If]qdf kl/jt{g ;Dej ePsf 5g\ . t/ ltg} dlxnf cfly{s ?kdf k5fl8 kfl/Psf 5g\ . o:tf ;d:of

6 kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

;dfwfgsf nflu kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3, g]kfnn] ljleGg vfnsf k}/aL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . casf lbgdf klg o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg] 5 .

To;}n] t cfufdL lbgdf kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf] ;xh ?kdf k|of]u u/L ahf/sf] kx'Frdf lj:tf/ u/fO{ dlxnf ls;fgsf] cfly{s ;d[[l4sf of]hgf lgdf{0f ug'{ cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf dfq dlxnfsf] cfly{s :t/df ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g eO{ /fHon] lnPsf] æ;d[4 g]kfn / ;'vL g]kfnLÆ nIo k"/f x'g]5 .

log} p2]Zo / nIo k|flKtsf nflu kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3, g]kfnn] kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+/If0f ub}{ cfPsf $% lhNnfsf dlxnf ls;fgsf] /fli6«o dlxnf ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ug{ nfu]sf] xf] . o;af6 cfufdL lbgdf lgdf{0f x'g] jg tyf jftfj/0f;DaGwL sfg'g tyf gLltlgoddf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg / jg pBd ljsf;dfkm{t dlxnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ ;xh jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{sf nflu æ;+ljwfgdf ;DklQ dflysf] clwsf/ M kfl/jfl/s lghL jgdfkm{t dlxnfsf] ;d[l4sf] cfwf/Æ d"n gf/f;fy k|yd dlxnf /fli6«o ;Dd]ng ul/Psf] 5 .

;Dd]ngsf] cf}lrTo

;d[4 g]kfn, ;'vL g]kfnLsf] c7f]6 k"/f ug{ ;xof]u

kfl/jfl/s lghL jg dlxnf ls;fgsf] ;xeflutfdf x'g] P]ltxfl;s /fli6«o dlxnf uf]i7Ldfkm{t cfPsf lgisif{sf] sfof{Gjog u/]df /fHon] lnPsf] æ;d[4 g]kfn, ;'vL g]kfnLÆ sf] nIo k"/f ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] 5 .

;Dd]ngdf dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f / cfly{s ;d[l4df kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf] e"ldsf ljifodf sfo{kq;d]t k|:t't x'g] / 5nkmn ul/g] ePsfn] ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf ;'emfjnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/cGtu{t jg tyf jftfj/0f dGqfnodf k]z u/L k|fs[lts ;|f]t, jg / jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgdf th'{df ul/g] jg :jfldTj, :jtGq pkof]u tyf jgdf cfwfl/t pBd ;~rfng / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/ tyf dlxnfdfly x'g] lje]b\ cGTosf ljifodf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o gLlt, /0fgLlt / lgdf{0f ul/g] sfg''gdf ;dfj]z ug{ / kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ls;fgd}qL x'g] u/L sfo{qmd / ah]6 ljlgof]hgdf ;xh x'g] 5 .

lbuf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/

dlxnfsf] k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf / ;zQmLs/0f b]zsf] lbuf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/ xf] . o; sfo{qmddf k|:t't x'g] sfo{kqsf] 5nkmnaf6 /fli6«o ;+sNk æ;d[4 g]kfn, ;'vL g]kfnLÆ xfl;n ug{ s'n hg;+Vofsf] cfwfeGbf a9L dlxnf /x]sf] cj:yfdf dlxnfn] jg tyf s[lif Joj;fosf] dfWodaf6 lbuf] ljsf;sf] d"n l;4fGtdf /xL b]zsf] cfly{s tyf ;fDfflhs ljsf; / /fhgLlts kl/jt{gdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] s'/fnfO{ dWogh/ ub{} dlxnfsf] kxF'r j[l4 u/L pgLx?sf] ;zQmLs/0f / hghLljsfdf ;'wf/ x'g]5 .

kfl/jfl/s lghL jgdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf

;d[l4sf] c7f]6 k"/f ug{ dxTjk"0f{ ;|f]tdWo] k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? / vf;u/L jg tyf jftfj/0f If]qdf

;+nUg kfl/jfl/s lghL jgdf cfl>t dlxnfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 . ;/sf/n] /fli6«o :jfldTjdf /x]sf hldgdf jg h+un Joj:yfkg ug{ d"n?kdf ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkg gLlt cjnDag u/L qmdzM ;sf/fTds k|efj b]vfk/]sf] 5 . t/ ls;fgsf] lghL :jfldTjdf /x]sf hldgdf jg ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg u/L jg k}bfjf/ pTkfbg / jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf dlxnf ls;fgsf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . t/ ;+/If0f / Joj:yfkg u/]sf] jgsf] hldgsf] :jfldTj dlxnfsf]] xftdf cfPsf] 5}g . ?vdflysf] ef}lts / hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/sf] Ifltk"lt{:j?k sfj{g clwsf/ kfPsf] 5}g ;fy} ;f]sf] ?v s6fg, cf];f/k|;f/ / pkof]u tyf jg pBd ;~rfng k|lqmofdf ;/ntf / ;xhtf Nofpg o; e]nf sf]z]9'Ëf ;fljt x'g]5 .

cGtdf

k|fs[lts ;|f]tdWo] /fli6«o jgsf] dfq ljsf;df Wofg uPsf] t/ kfl/jfl/s jg ljsf; / dlxnf ls;fgnfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpg kfl/jfl/s lghL jg :f+3 g]kfn :yfkgf eO{ lqmofzLn /x]sf] 5 . xfn;Ddsf] pknlAwnfO{ /Iff ub}{ hldg / ?vsf] :jfldTj tyf cf];f/k;f/df ;d]t ;xh agfpg eP÷u/]sf kxndf yk ;xof]u k'Ug]] x]t'n] k|yd dlxnf uf]i7L cfof]hgf ul/Psf] xf] . o;df ;xefuL dlxnf ls;fgn] cfkm\gf ;kmn k|of;, b]vfk/]sf] afwfx? phfu/ u/L cfufdL lbgdf lnOg] k}/aL tyf kfl/jfl/s lghL jg k|j4{g sfo{qmdsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ dfu{bz{s x'g] g} 5 .

7kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjskf] ljifodf clxn] ax;sf] ?kdf ljZje/ rn]sf] 5 . g]kfndf eg] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] hu]gf{ / lbuf] pkof]usf] s'/f pl7/x]sf] 5 . jg ljgf;sf va/ lbglbg} aflx/ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . :yfgLo ?kdf ufpFdf ePsf kfgLsf d'xfgx? lj:tf/} ;'Sb} uPsf 5g\ . jiff{sf] a]nf klg kfgL sd kg]{, slxn]sfxLF cfjZostf eGbf lgs} a9L kfgL k/]/ wghgsf] Iflt ug]{, lxpF kg]{ a]nfdf 8fF8fsfF8f vfnL x'g] cj:yf lbgk|lt lbg x'Fb} Psf] 5 . o;nfO{ cfkm\gf] lghL kfl/jfl/s jg agfpg' cjfZos /x]sf] s'/f rGbggfy gu/kflnsf !) af]x/f ufpFsL kfj{tL /fjnn] /fd|/L a'em\g' ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] cfkm"n] u/]sf] ls:dtaf/] o;/L eGg'eof] M

d}n] d]/f] af/Ldf ! ;o %) eGbf a9L :ofp /f]k]sL 5' . cf]v/sf klg ;oeGbf Hofb} a'6f xf]nfg\ . o;n] lbPsf] kmnn] dfq} kmfObf lbPsf] 5}g, oL ?vn]

jftfj/0f arfpg klg ;3fPsf] d]/f] a'emfO 5 . d]/f] 3/ glhs /x]sf kfgLsf d'xfg ca ;'Sg] 5}gg\ . oL ?vn] d'xfgsf] k|f0f e/]sf] 5 .

To;f] t d]/f] kl/jf/df o;n] cfly{s cfo klg a9fPs} 5 . d}n] log} ;f]rnfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ !) jif{cl3 b]lv sfd ub}{ cfPsL 5' . of] jif{dfq} d}n] :ofpaf6 %% xhf/ ?k}ofF cfDbfgL u/]F . cf]v/af6 klg /fd|} sdfPF . cf]v/ 3/d} cfP/ %) xhf/sf] nu] . oL b'O{ kmnkm"naf6} d}n] of] jif{ ! nfv % xhf/ ?k}ofF sdfPF . o;n] d]/f] kl/jf/nfO{ b}lgsLdf w]/} ;xh agfPsf] 5 .

cfpFbf] jif{ t c? a9\5 xf]nf . cf]v/sf la?jf yKb} 5' . :ofp / cf]v/ nufPsf] hUufdf hl8a'6L ;d]t nufpg] ;f]r agfPsL 5' . d]/f] cg'dfgdf casf] % jif{df d]/f] jflif{s cfDbfgL % nfv ?k}ofF s6\g] 5 . o;}n] d ;a} ls;fgnfO{ cg'/f]w ub{5', kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;a}n] cfTd;ft u/f}+ . xfd|f hUuf hldg s'g} vfnL /fVg' x'Gg . of] xfd|f] dftf xf] .

s;}n] hldg vghf]t ug{ ;Sb}g eg] a? ;d"x agfP/ v]tL ug]{nfO{ ef8fdf lbpF . o;n] xfdLnfO{ cfDbfgL t lbOg} xfN5 . o;sf] ;fy} lju|Fb} uPsf] jftfj/0f hf]ufp klg ;3fp k'U5 .

d ;a}df cg/f]w u5'{, cfkm\gf] hUuf h] hlt 5, To;df la?jf nufpF . jftfj/0f xl/ofnL agfpF . o;df xfdL ga'em]sf ls;fgnfO{ /fHo txaf6 klg a'emfpg'k5{ . clg /fHon] xfd|f 3/cfFug / vfnL hUufdf nufPsf lghL jgnfO{ ;xh ?kdf pkof]u ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0f tof/ ul/lbg'k5{ . o;df c:ki6 gLltlgod 5g\ eg] ;'wf/ u/f}+ . o;n] xfdL ls;fgsf] cfly{s cj:yf /fd|f] x'g]dfq} xf]Og, d'n'sn] ef]Ub} cfPsf] jftfj/0fLo cg's"ngtfdf ;d]t ;'wf/ cfpF5 .

k|:t'lt M dfgaxfb'/ /f]sfofcWoIf, kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3 g]kfn, h'Dnf

;kmntfsf] syf

hnjfo' cg's"ngdf kfj{tLsf] k|of;

kfj{tL /fjn

‘:ofp %% xhf/ / cf]v/ %) xhf/sf] 3/af6} a]r]+’

8 kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

la?jfn] lbPsf] v';Lemfkfsf] d]rLgu/ ( dfu'/df8LsL bLIff pk|]tL k];fn] ;fdfGo ls;fg x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf] af/Ldf sfutL, l6s, dn]l;og ;fn, vdf/L, d;nfnufot bh{gf}+ k|hfltsf la?jf x/fe/f 5g\ . log} la?jf /

kmn a]r]/ pxfFn] jflif{s @@ nfv ?k}ofF;Dd cfDbfgL ug'{ ePsf] 5 .

pxfFsf >Ldfg\ l8NnL/fh pk]|tL eg] j}b]lzs /f]uhf/df hfg' ePsf] lyof] . >Ldfg\l;t 6f9f eP/ a:g'kbf{ lbIffnfO{ ;fx|} gld7f] nfUof] . la5f]8sf] lgSs} tgfjdf /xg' ePsL lbIffn] dfOtL kl/jf/n] ug]{ u/]sf] a]df};dL 6df6/ v]tLaf6 g;{/L v]tLaf/] ;Lk l;Sg' eof] . ;Lk l;s];Fu} pxfFn] >Ldfg\nfO{ :jb]z kmsf{P/ g;{/L Joj;fodf nufpg' eof] . j}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 @)^( ;fndf >Ldfg\ l8NnL/fh 3/ kmsf{Pkl5 pxfFx?n] cfkm\gf] @) s7\7f hldgdf sfutL v]tL ;'? ug'{ ePsf] xf] . cfkm\gf] hUufn] dfq} gk'u]/ xfn s]xL hldg ef8fdf ;d]t lng' ePsf] 5 . pxfFx? Jofj;flos ?kdf g;{/L pTkfbgdf nfu]kl5 emfkfnufot Onfd, tfKn]h'8;Ddsf dfG5] la?jf lng cfpg yfn] . pxfFx?nfO{ pTkfbg u/]dfq k'Uof], ahf/sf] s'g} sdL ePg .

pk|]tL bDktLsf] g;{/Laf6 ca la?jfdfq} xf]Og, sfutLsf bfgf;d]t laqmL x'G5 . cl3Nnf] jif{dfq} lbIffn] ^ nfv ?k}ofFsf] sfutL bfgf a]r]sf] ;'gfpg' eof] . clxn] pxfFsf] 8L P08 8L afof]Knfg6]s gfds ;+:yfaf6 jflif{s @@ nfv ?k}ofF la?jfnufotsf] cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 .

g;{/Ldf dfq ca pxfFx? ;Lldt x'g'x'Gg . pxfFx?n] eld{sDkf]:6;d]t pTkfbg ug{ yfNg' ePsf] 5 . cuf{lgs v]tLsf nflu clt pQd u8\of}nf dn o; If]qdf lgs} nf]slk|o ePsf] 5 . oxfF pTkflbg u8\of}nf dn :yfgLo

ls;fgdf xf/fn'5 ePsf] 5 . of] pgLx?sf] cfDbfgLsf] csf]{ /fd|f] ;|f]t ePsf] 5 . pgsf] kl/>d ug]{ cfF6nfO b]v]/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ( nfv cg'bfgdf xfO6]s g;{/L k|ljlw;d]t ;'? u/fPsf] 5 . pgsf] g;{/Ldf afx}| dlxgf pGgt hftsf] pRr k|ljlwsf] la?jf pTkfbg x'G5g\ .

s[lif tyf jg g;{/Ldf lgSs} pT;flxt of] kl/jf/n] ut jif{dfq} !@ s7\7f hldg ef8fdf lnP/ sfutL aufg agfPsf] 5 . aufgleq pGgt hftsf] d]jf;d]t nufPsf 5g\ . ToxL ;okqL km"nsf] v]tL;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . of] jif{ ;okqL g} !) xhf/ s]hL pTkfbg eof] . ltxf/sf] a]nf o;af6 lgs} /fd|f] cfDbfgL ePsf] lbIffn] atfpg' eof] . of] kl/jf/n] # tn] v]tLsf] ;d]t cg'ej u/]/ pT;flxt aGb} uPsf] 5 . pk|]tL kl/jf/n] ut jif{ lghL ag g;{/L pTkfbgdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] eGb} k'/:s[t;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] . lghL jgsf] ;/If0f, ;Da4{g tyf h}ljs ljljwtfdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPafkt lghL jg /fli6«o ;fGTjgf k'/:sf/ pxfFx?nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

clxn] g;{/Ldf bh{gf}+ k|hfltsf la?jf x'ls{/x]sf 5g\ . s]xL la?jfnfO{ t lhNnf jg sfof{non] ;d]t vl/b u/]/

jgsf ls;fgsf v]t;Dd k'¥ofpg] u/]sf] 5 . of] sfddf l8NnL/fh cfkm}+ ls;fgsf] v]t;Dd k'u]/ k|fljlws ;xof]u;d]t ug'{x'G5 . lhNnf jgsf] cfu|xdf ls;fgnfO{ @ jif{;Dd k|fljlws ;xof]u ug]{ ub}{ cfpg' ePsf l8NnL/fhn] s'g} la?jf d/] csf]{ lgz'Ns pknAw u/fpg' x'G5 .

j}b]lzs /f]huf/af6 kmsf{pg ;kmn >Ldfg\nfO{ bLIffn] c/asf] ?k}ofF la;f{pg ;kmn ePsf] k|ltlqmof lbg'eof] . 3/}

a;]/ /fd|f] sdfpg yfn]kl5 ;f;";;'/f;d]t cf}wL v';L 5g\ . dfu'/df8L 3/df hfFbf a'xf/Lsf] ;kmntfsf] syf lgSs} pd+u;fy ;'gfpg' eof bLIffsf ;;'/fafn] . a'xf/Lsf] sfdsf] k|z+;f ub}{ pxfFn] eGg'eof], …d]jf v]tLaf6 ;d]t /fd|f] cfDbfgL ePsf] 5 . d}n] t c? 5f]/fnfO{ klg g;{/L v]tLdf nfUg eg]sf] 5' . 5f]/fa'xf/Lsf] sfd x]g{ ;L8Lcf], P;kL, ;]gfsf] hg]{n;Dd cfpFbf w]/} v';L nfu]sf] pxfFsf] egfO 5 .

–/ljg cf]nL, latf{df]8 emfkf

bLIff pk|]tL

9kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

æls;fgn] u/], ;/sf/n] ;3fPgÆ

3/ oxL uf]/vf gu/kflnsf * s§]n8fF8fdf 5 . hGd klg oxLF ePsf] xf] .

a'jf cgk9 x'g'x'GYof] . dnfO{ eg] k9fpg' eof] . xfd|f] kl/jf/df P;Pn;L pQL0f{ ug]{ d g} klxnf] x'F . To;kl5 lzIf0f k]zfdf nfu]F . xfdL klxn]b]lv g} jg5]p a;]sf lyof}+ . @))( ;fndf a'jfsf] gfddf w]/} h+un kf; ePsf] lyof] . t/, v]tL gul/Psfn] @)#* ;fndf tL hldgsf] nut s§f ul/of] .

Tolta]nf clxn] h:tf] ;+/If0fsf b[li6n] jg agfpg] eGg] lyPg . 3fF;, bfp/f, ufO{, uf]? r/fpg jg hf]ufOGYof] / agfOGYof] . kl5kl5 eg] 3/fo;L pkof]u;Fu} ;+/If0fsf] s'/f klg hf]l8P/ cfP . h;/L v]tdf wfg, uxF' pAhfP/ laqmL ul/G5, jg klg laqmL ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f ;'g]kl5 jg hf]ufpg] ;f]r cfof] . clxn] b'O{ 7fpFdf u/L ( /f]kgL hldgdf jg nufPsf] 5' . h;/L a'jfafh]n] dnfO{ jg hf]ufP/ x:tfGt/0f u/], To;/L g} 5f]/f, gflt–gfltgLnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ ;f]r d}n] klg agfPsf] 5' . @)$) ;fnb]lv xf], d lghL jg hf]ufpg nfu]sf] . Tolt a]nf #÷$ hgf ldn]/ kz'rf}kfof r/fpg /f]s nufof}+ . Ps jif{kl5 cf–cfkm\gf] hldgcg';f/ sfdbf/ nufP/ uf]8d]n u¥of}+ . To;kl5 rl/r/g, 3fF;, bfp/f klg aGb u¥of}+ . To;sf] %÷^ jif{kl5 ;fnnufotsf la?jf cfkm}+ x'ls{g yfn] . s]xL cfkm}+ pld|P, s]xL /f]Kof}+ . ;a} cfkm}+ u¥of}+ .

xfd|f] ( /f]kgLsf] kfl/jfl/s lghL jgdf ;fn, ;fh, lrnfpg], s6';, x/f]{, a/f]{, ufof]nufot la?jf k|z:t} 5g\ . jgsf] rf/}lt/ kvf{n nufpg kfP x'GYof] eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . pma]nf clxn] jg agfPsf] hldgdf v]ltkftL /fd|f] x'GYof] . v]ltkftLeGbf ?vaf6} a9L cfDbfgL x'g ;S5 eGg] nfUof] . x'g klg clxn] Ps So"ljs lkm6 sf7sf] @ xhf/ % ;o ?k}ofF 5 t/, wfg, ds} nufpFbf Tolt sxfF kfpg' Û

;f]emf] lx;fan] jg agfPF . a'9];sfndf 5f]/f5f]/Ldf lge{/ x'g gk/f];\ eGg] dg;fo ddf lyof] . csf]{ o;sf]

cfDbfgLn] cfly{s ?kdf alnof] x'g ;xof]u k'Unf eGg] klg lyof] . h] u/]5', 7Ls u/]sf] /x]5' . clxn] jgdf !! xhf/ ?vla?jf 5g\ . cf7 xhf/ t ;fn g} 5 . casf] %÷& jif{df !) xhf/ ?v a]r]F eg] !! s/f]8 ?k}ofF hlt cfDbfgL x'G5 .

of] t cfly{s kf6f] eof], oL ?vn] jftfj/0f hf]ufpg klg ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . jg d]/f] eP klg :jR5 xfjf t ;a}n] kfO/x]s} 5g\ . pxfF cl3 eGg'x'G5, æ;/sf/L gLltdf /fli6«o jg, ;fd'bflos jg, sj'lnotL jg / kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t/, kfl/jfl/s lghL jg x'sf{O/x]sf ls;fgn] y'k|} gLltut ;d:ofsf] ;fdgf ug'{k5{ .Æ cfkm\g} hldgdf /f]k]sf], x'sf{Psf] ?vnfO{ sf6\g klg lhNnf jg sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'k5{ . lgj]bg lbg]b]lv s/ ltg]{, 6fFrf nufpg];Ddsf] sfddf olt emGem6 x'G5 ls sfof{non] k|lqmof ldnfpg olt l9nf;':tL u5{ ls s'/f u/L ;fWo 5}g .

o;afx]s cfkm"n] rfx]sf] la?jf /f]Kg;d]t kfOFb}g . ls;fgnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ gLlt gx'Fbf, Jofj;flos ?kdf pBd ug]{ k|lqmofsf] af/]df hfgsf/L gx'Fbf klg ;d:of ylkO/x]sf] 5 . ÆpxfFn] eGg' eof], æ;/sf/nfO{ a;]{lg hUufsf] dfnkf]t lt/]sf 5f}+ . cfkm\gf] hldgdf v]ltkftL gu/L jg x'sf{P/ kof{j/0fo hf]ufpg klg d2t u/]sf 5f}+ . t}klg, o:tf] Jojwfg lsg <Æ

kfl/jfl/s lghL jg agfO/x]sf ls;fgnfO{ To;d} cfwfl/t sf7hGo j:t'x? pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] pBddf nfUg ;/sf/n] ;3fpg'k5{ . jg ;+/If0fdf nfUg cem pTk|]l/t ug{'k5{ . h;/L a'jf, afh]n] dnfO{ jg hf]ufP/ x:tfGt/0f u/], To;/L g} 5f]/f, gflt, gfltgLnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ d]/f] wf]sf] 5 .

k|:tlt M /fh]Gb| e§

k|]d/fh s§]n

10 kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

Pkmf]g ultljlw

kfl/jfl/s lghL ag ;+3 g]kfn -Pkmf]g_ lrtjg lhNnf zfvf z]/]Ë] k|hfsf] cWoIftf u7g ePsf] 5 . oxL @)&% d+l;/ !! ut] /fKtL gu/kflnsf ;efsIfdf ePsf] e]nfn] @! ;b:oLo gofF sfo{;ldlt rog u/]sf] 5 .

lhNnf zfvf tby{ ;ldlt cWoIf z]/]Ë] k|hfsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] pQm e]nfsf] k|d'v cltly eg] Pkmf]g s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf OlGb/f l3ld/] x'g'x'GYof] . sfo{qmdsf] p2\3f6g ub}{ k|d'v clylt l3ld/]n] kfl/jfl/s lghL ag ;+3 ls;fgsf] xslxtsf nfUL ;w} cu|k+lQmdf /lx/xg] k|lta4tf hgfpg' eof] . o;sf nflu ;/sf/;Fu clwsf/ :yfkgf u/fpgf ;xsfo{ / k}/aL klg ;Fu;Fu} ub}{ hfg] pxfFsf] egfO lyof] .

lhNnf clwj]zgsf ljz]if cltly /fKtL gu/kflnsf pkk|d'v Odfgl;+x tfdfªn] :yfgLo :t/df ls;fgn] lghL jgsf] ;+/If0f ;Da4{g ub}{ cfP klg k|of]udf ;xh gePsf] atfpg' eof] . ls;fgx?sf] ;d[l4 eg]s} ls;fgx?n] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ;xh x'g'kg]{df /fHosf s]xL c:ki6 sfg'gsf sf/0f To;f] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . cfufdL lbgdf aGg] gLltlgodx?n] o:tf c;xhtfnfO{ lg/fs/0f ub}{ kfl/jfl/s lghL

ls;fgx?sf] ;d[l4sf nflu kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3 lrtjg zfvf;Fu ;xsfo{ ub}{ hfg] pxfFn] k|lta4tf hgfpg' eof] .

clwj]zg ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lbFb} ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 lhNnf zfvf cWoIf e/tk|;fb 9'+ufgfn] k|fs[lts ;|f]t k|of]u ug]{ ;Gbe{df /fHo cem} s7f]/ aGb} uPsfn] cfufdL lbgdf o:tf gful/s ;+u7g ;Fu} eP/ cufl8 a8\g' kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvPsf] atfpg' eof] . o;sf nflu gful/s ;+u7gx?nfO{ pxfFn] ;xsfo{sf nflu cfx\jfg;d]t ug'{ ePsf] 5 .

sfo{qmddf lhNnfsf & :yfgLo txaf6 #& hgfn] ;xeflutf hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] . pbuf6g ;q ;lsP;Fu} s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf l3ld/]sf] ;+of]hsTjsf # ;b:oLo lgjf{rg ;ldlt u7g / tby{ ;ldlt lj36g ePsf] lyof] . r'gfj lgjf{rg d08nn] s]xL cfrf/;+lxtf lgdf{0f u/L lhNnf ;ldlt rog u¥of] . h;df lrtjgsf ;ftj6} :yfgLo txsf] ;xeflutf u/fOPsf] 5 . o; clwj]zgn] % :yfgLo txaf6 Ps dlxnf / Ps k'?if u/L !) hgf lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] dgf]lgt ug]{ u/L @! ;b:o lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt ;j{ ;Ddt rog u/]sf] xf] .

lrtjg lhNnf k|yd clwj]zg

z]/]Ë] k|hfsf] cWoIftfdf @! ;b:oLo sfo{;ldlt rog

11kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3 g]kfn lhNnf zfvf lrtjgsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?nfO{ @)&% d+l;/ !@ ut] ;d"x lgdf{0f tyf k}/aL of]hgf lgdf{0f tflnd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . pQm tflndsf] ;xhLsf/0f s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf OlGb/f l3ld/]n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . tflnddf lhNnf zfvfsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;a} ;b:osf] ;xeflutf /x\of] .

pQm sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?nfO{ kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3 g]kfnsf] ;+:yfut kl/ro lbFb} ;+3n] xfn;Dd xfl;n u/]sf pknlAwaf/] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . ;f]xL qmddf ;d"x lgdf{0f / åGå Joj:yfkgsf ljifodf klg :ki6 ul/of] . ;xefuLnfO{ ;+u7gsf sfd;lxt ;a} If]qdf ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf

;fy cl3 a9\b} k}/aLsf af/]df pkfWoIf l3ld/]n] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . b'O{;Dd rn]sf] tflnddf lhNnf zfvfn] k}/aL ug'{kg]{ If]qsf] klxrfg u/L k}/aL of]hgf;d]t tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

;d"x lgdf{0f tyf k}/aL tflnd

yfxf kfO/fvf}+

12 kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3 g]kfnn] 8]lg; ;+:yf 8LPkmO{;Fusf] ;xsfo{df sfe|] lhNnf zfvf / ;/f]sf/jfx?;Fusf] ;dGjodf :yfgLo txdf jg tyf jftfj/0fsf If]qsf sfg'g tyf gLltlgod agfpg kxn ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . o;;DaGwL sfo{sf nflu oxL sflt{s !& ut] w'lnv]ndf PnfOG; lalN8ª sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] .

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt sfe|]sf pkk|d'v d~h' uf}tdsf] k|d'v cflyTodf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf lhNnfl:yt :yfgLo txsf k|d'v, pkk|d'v, lhNnf jg k|d'v, ;fd'bflos ag pkef]Qmf dxf;+3, jg k}bfjf/ Joj;foL ;+3 lhNnf cWoIf;lxt kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ls;fgx? ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] . pQm 5nkmn

sfo{qmddf kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ls;fgaf6 cfkm}+n] pTkfbg u/]sf jg k}bfjf/ k|of]udf ljleGg ;d:of h]Ng' k/]sf] u'gf;f cfPsf lyP .

;f]xL cj;/df cfkm\gf] egfO /fVb} jg k}bfjf/ Joj;foL ;+3 sfe|]sf cWoIf dfwjdl0f x'dufO{n] kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ls;fgn] jg k}bjf/ pTkfbg u/]/ ;xh ?kdf k|of]u ug{ gkfPsfn] cfkm"x? df/df k/]sf] atfpg' eof] . pxfFsf cg';f/ ls;fgn] jg k}bfjf/ pBf]udf nu]/ lr/fg ug}{ ;d:of 5 . JolQmut / Jofj;flos h'g k|of]hgsf] eP klg lhNnf jgn] Pp6} bhf{df /fv]sf]df pxfFn] b'Mv];f] ug'{ eof] . JolQmut / Jofj;flos k|of]usf jg k}bfjf/nfO{ cnu ?kdf JofVof ul/g'kg]{ pxfFsf] dfu lyof] .

o;}u/L sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf hgfpFb} ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 k|b]z # sf cWoIf ljgf]b ;fksf]6fn] ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 / kfl/jfl/s lghL ag ;+3 jgsf If]qdf ePsf ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;xsfo{ u/]/ cl3 a9\g' kg]{ atfpg' eof] . jg ls;fgn] pTkfbg u/]sf] k|of]u ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;/sf/sf laleGg kl/kq tyf lgb]{lzsfn] /f]s nufPsfn] ls;fgnfO{ df/ k/]sf] pxfFsf] syg lyof] . cfufdL lbgdf ag tyf aftj/0fsf] If]qdf aGg] sfg'gx? ls;fgd}qL x'g'kg]{ pxfFsf] egfO 5 .

;/sf/n] lnPsf ;d[l4sf] ;kgf k"/f ug]{ k|d'v ;|f]t ag g} /x]sf] l8lehg ag clws[t ab|Ls'df/ sfsL{n] atfpg'eof] . jg P]gdf lghL agsf] sfg'gL k|lqmof

k"/f u/]/ k|of]u ug{ kfpg] ;xh k|lqmof /x]sf] / lghL agsf] ag k}bfjf/ k|of]u ug{ ;lhnf] ePsf] pxfFsf] egfO lyof] . ;/sf/n] s'g} ;dodf s]xL k|hfltdfyL k|ltaGw nufP klg cfjZostfcg';f/ v'nf ub}{ cfPsf] pxfFn] hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] 5 . ls;fgn] lghL k|of]usf nflu ePsf ultljlwdf kg{ cfPsf] sfg'gL ;d:of 5nkmn u/L ;dfwfgsf] k|of; ul/g] sfsL{sf] egfO lyof] .

sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ k|d'v cltly tyf lh;; sfe|]sf pk|d'v d~h' uf}tdn] ;+3Lotf nfu" ePsfn] xfn x/]s sfg'gx? afFlemPsf] cj:yf /x]sf] atfpg' eof] . o:tf sfg'gnfO{ ;a}n] ;xof]u u/]/ Ps?ktf Nofpg'kg]{df pxfFsf] hf]8 lyof] . sfd ug]{ ;jfndf sfg'g / hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL eP/ sfd ug'{k5{ . ;a} txn] ;+rfng ug]{ x/]s sfo{qmddf dlxnfsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfdf pxfFn] hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 .

sfo{qmddf kfl/jfl/s lghL ag ;+3 g]kfnsf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf OlGb/f l3ld/]n] ;+3n] xfl;n u/]sf pknlAw / sfg'gL ;d:ofaf/] sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] . :yfgLo ;/sf/n] cfufdL lbgdf sfg'g agfpFbf lghL ag ls;fgx?sf] ;xeflutf u/fpFbf cg'/f]w ug'{ePsf] 5 .

sfg'gx? aflemPsfn] sfddf c;xh

13kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

Advocacy itself is a continuous campaign that guides an

organization or group to head in the right direction through building a plan or a strategy applying various advocacy tools like media campaigning. The major motif of Advocacy is rooted deeply in the inclusion of marginalized voices, their representation and access in all kinds of resources of the nation and ensure that their voices have been addressed in public policy, attitudes or practices. In case of Family Forest Owners of Nepal, their voices are unheard and they are unable to convince the policy makers for introducing Family Forest friendly laws and policies in the restructured scenario.

Association of Family Forest Owner’s Nepal (AFFON) has been functioning as an umbrella organization for ensuring the tenure and usufruct rights of Family Forest Owners. AFFON has been actively lobbying to the newly formed power structures to include the voices of Family Forest Owners throughout Nepal in the new drafts of Forest Bills, Laws, policies, rules and regulations. The major Advocacy areas of AFFON includes of the following things:

• Government comprehends thatinclusion of Family Forestry is a

key to economic prosperity.• Removalof thedouble taxation

system. • Proper definition of Family

Forestry in the Draft Forest Bills, LawsandPolicies.

• Provision shall be made forproper utilization, trading and marketing of the wood and wood-based products by the Family Forest Owners themselves without any prohibitions.

• Insurance of the trees of theFamily Forest Owners.

AFFON has it’s own revised structure of the Family Forest Owners from 45 districts of Nepal that function in two-way flow between the Local Chaptersto District Chapters, DistrictChapterstoStateCommitteesandState Committees to the CentralCommittee. The Central levelAFFON plays a vital role on Agenda setting for changing certain laws on the basis of the policy analysis done with the help of it’s forest expert’s team. It continuouslylobbies for introducing the Family Friendly laws and policies. The CentralAFFONthroughthehelpofsocial media, various publications, programs, trainings and workshops keeps all the Family Forest Owners of Nepal awake and aware about their issues and roles in changing the unfavorable laws and policies in the newly structured system of Nepal. Whereas the State levelCommittee functions under theCentral Committee for lobbying

and pressurizing the State levelgovernment to reinforce the voices of Family Forest Owners in insuring the rights of FFO’s and AFFON District Chapters. It alsoworks further for facilitating family forest management activities with FFOs from all levels.

On the other hand, the District LevelCommitteescoordinatewiththe Local AFFON Committeesaiming to gain support from the local authorities, government and line agencies. They both conduct meetings with the municipalities, stakeholders and representatives for including the issues of FFOs in District as well as Local Level program planning and implementation. As a whole, all these four levels function mutually to raise awareness in both FFOs and government bodies about the land and other usufruct rights of all FFOs by applying various advocacy tools and leading the campaign ahead. AFFON has been continuously raising awareness of different target groups on theimportance of FFO association(s), its organization and their functioning for the well-being of FFOs sustainable forest management of family forests and ensuring rights of the FFOs. Also in order to conduct policy advocacy in all three tires of government for formulating Family Forest friendly laws and policies, AFFON advocates on the range of ecosystem services and benefitsfrom family forests in Nepal.

Setting Milestones through Advocacy

Pragya DahalAdvocacy and

Communication Officer, AFFON

14 kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3, g]kfn

k|yd /fli6«o kl/ifb\ a}7s

‘Ps kl/jf/ Ps kfl/jfl/s lghL jg, ;+Dj[4 g]kfn xfd|f] cleofg’

@! / @@ j}zfv @)&%

sf7df8f}+ 3f]if0ffkq

k|:tfjgf

kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3, g]kfnsf] cfof]hgfdf …Ps kl/jf/ Ps kfl/jfl/s lghL jg, ;+Dj[4 g]kfn xfd|f] cleofgÚ d"ngf/fsf ;fy ;DkGg k|yd /fli6«o kl/ifb\ a}7sdf ;xefuL xfdL ;+3Lo ;/sf/, :yfgLo ;/sf/, ;f+;bx?, of]hgfljb\, ljsf; ;fem]bf/, pTk|]/s, ljleGg ;+3;+:yf / ;Dk"0f{ ;xefuLx?, ;+ljwfgn] k|bfg u/]sf] JolQmut ;DklQsf] ef]urng, a]rlavg tyf ;+/If0f ug]{ clwsf/nfO{ cfTd;fy ub}{ cfd jgls;fgsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts tyf /fhgLlts ljsf;df ;xefuL x'g], of]ubfg ug]{ / nfeflGjt x'g] clwsf/sf] d"NodfGotfnfO{ cfTd;fy ub}{ ;+3Lo, k|fb]lzs tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf gLlt, sfo{qmd / of]hgfn] k|To]s jg ls;fgsf] clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"t ug]{ bfloTj ljZj ;d'bfo;dIf :jLsf/ u/]sf] tYonfO{ ljrf/ ub}{ lbuf] ljsf; nIo k"/f ug{ / /fHosf] ;+Dj[l4 k|fKt ug]{ k|lqmofdf jgdf cfwfl/t ;|f]t, ;fwgsf] j}1flgs Joj:yfkg ub}{ jg ls;fgd'vL gLlt lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog ug{ / u/fpg ljZj:t eP/ lgDgfg';f/ k|ltj4tf / cfx\jfg ub{5f}+ .

s_ k|lta4tf

!= 5l/P/ /x]sf kfl/jfl/s lghL jgls;fgx?nfO{ ;+ul7t ub}{ pgLx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 / clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu ;zQmLs/0f ug{ xfdL ;a} kl/ifb\sf ;xefuL k|lta4 5f}+ .

@= b]zsf] ;D+j[l4 k|flKtsf nflu jgdf cfwfl/t pBdsf] ljsf; tyf k|j4{g ub}{ xl/t /f]huf/L l;h{gf ug{ / ax';+Vos kfl/jfl/s jgls;fgx?sf] hLjg:t/ psf:g xfdL k|lta4 5f}+ .

#= kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ls;fgd}qL sfg'g, gLltlgod agfpg tL ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;dfj]zL tl/sf/n] ;dfj]z u/L pgLx?sf] cfjfh k|ltljlDat ug{ xfdL k|lta4 5f}+ .

$= jg ljgfzsf sf/0fn] jftfj/0fdf kg{ uPsf] k|lts"n c;/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ æPs kl/jf/ Ps kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf] ljsf;Æ ub}{ jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf 6]jf k'¥ofpg xfdL ;a} kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ls;fgx? k|lta4 5f}+ .

%= /fHonfO{ cfjZos kg]{ jgk}bfj/sf] ;/n tyf ;xh tl/sfn] cfk"lt{ ub}{ o;s]f cfoftnfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ xfdL kfl/jfl/s lghL jgls;fgx? k|ltljlDat ug{ k|lta4 5f}+ .

^= kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf ;b:ox?nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ -k|ljlwnufot_ sf nflu s]Gb|df 5'§} ;xof]uL PsfOsf] :yfkgf ug]{ / cfjZostfcg';f/ lhNnf txdf klg lj:tf/ ug{ xfdL k|lta4 5f}+ .

&= kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf ;b:ox?sf] j[lQ ljsf;sf nflu :yfgLo ;/sf/, k|fb]lzs ;/sf/, ;+3Lo ;/sf/ tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df cfjZos ;dGjo tyf k}/jL ug{ xfdL k|lta4 5f}+ .

v_ cfx\jfg

!= JolQmsf] lghL hUufdf ;+/If0f u/]sf jg ;|f]tx?nfO{ p;sf] JolQmut ;DklQ;/x kl/eflift ub}{ To;sf] ;xh pkof]u tyf laqmL ljt/0f ug]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf u/L ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf] JolQmut ;DklQsf] xssf] Joj:yfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ ;a} txsf ;/sf/nfO{ hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}+ .

15kfl/jfl/s lghL jg

@= b]zsf] s'n jg If]qsf] clwstd e"efu kfl/jfl/s lghL jgn] cf]u6]sf] t/ /fHosf jt{dfg sfg'g tyf gLltlgodx?df kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf] :ki6 JofVof gul/Psfn] ca aGg] ;a} sfg'gx?df kfl/jfl/s lghL jgsf] 5'§} sfg'gL Joj:yf / :yfgLo ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ / ;+3Lo ;/sf/n] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?df kfl/jfl/s lghL jgnfO{ ;dfj]z u/fpg hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}+ .

#= æPs kl/jf/ Ps kfl/jfl/s lghL jg M ;+Dj[4 g]kfn xfd|f] cleofg Æ sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu :yfgLo txdfkm{t 3/w'/L txdf ;xof]u / ;|f]t ;fwg k|jfx ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg / hl8a'6L pTkfbgsf nflu lghL hUufwgL / :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ cg'bfg pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf tTsfn ;dfj]z ug{ hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}+ .

$= kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ls;fgx?sf] cfkm\gf] JolQmut nufgL nufP/ Joj:yfkg u/]sf] jgaf6 pTkflbt jg k}bfjf/sf] laqmL ljt/0f ubf{ cGo jgaf6 pTkflbt jg k}bfjf/;/x nufOPsf] s/sf] Joj:yfnfO{ x6fO{ kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ls;fgx?sf] xsdf Go"gtd s/ nufpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg ;a} txsf ;/sf/nfO{ of] kl/ifb\ Wofgfsif{0f ub{5 .

%= jftfj/0f ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ kfl/jfl/s lghL jgn] 7"nf] of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] ;Gbe{df o;sf] j}1flgs cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L o;afkt kfpg] ;x'lnotsf] dfkb08nfO{ k'gMljrf/ u/L ;fgf ls;fgx?n] x'sf{Psf ax';+Vos t/ 5l/P/ /x]sf lghL jgnfO{ klg of] dfkb08 leq Nofpg g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf ljZj ;d'bfonfO{ of] kl/ifb\ cfx\jfg ub{5 .

^= cfkm\gf] cfjflbdf x'sf{Psf jg ;|f]tnfO{ cGo JolQmut ;DklQ;/x kl/eflift ub}{ To;sf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ls;fgx?n] cfjZos k/]sf] a]nf s'g} klg ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 shf{ lng rfx] pQm jg ;|f]t lwtf] /fvL shf{ lng kfpg] ljQLo sfg'gL Joj:yf ug{ of] kl/ifb\ dfu ub{5 .

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kfl/jfl/s lghL jg ;+3 g]kfnsf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?

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