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    Ram Mohan Roy

    Born22 May 1772

    Radhanagore, Bengal, British IndiaDied

    August 27, 1833 (aged 61)

    Stapleton, Bristol, ngland

    Cause of death Meningitis

    Resting placeArnos !ale "e#etery, Bristol,

    ngland

    Other namesRa##ohun, Ra##ohan, or Ra#

    Mohan

    Ethnicity Bengali $indu

    Occupation So%ial re&or#er 

    Employer 'Known for Bengal Renaissan%e, Brah#o Sa#a

    Height 17* #

    Weight *6 +g

    Successor -ar+anath .agore

    Religion /nitarian

    Spouse(s /#a e0i

    !arents

    Ra#a+anta Roy (&ather)

    .arinide0i (Mother)

    He was an Indian religious, social, and educational reformer, and humanitarian,

    who challenged traditional Hindu culture and indicated the lines of progress for

    Indian society under British rule. He is called the "Maker of Modern India," and

    also the "Father of Modern India."[! He is also regarded as the "Father of the

    Bengal Renaissance." He, along with warkanath #agore and other prominentBengalis of the early $th century, founded the Brahmo Sabha in %&%, which

    engendered the Brahmo 'ama(, an in)uential Indian socio*religious reform

    mo+ement during the Bengal Renaissance. His in)uence was apparent in the

    elds of politics, pu-lic administration, and education, as well as religion. He was

    descri-ed -y Ra-indranath #agore as the "Father of Indian Renaissance," and the

    "rophet of Indian /ationalism."

    Early life and education (1774–1792)

    Roy -as orn into a Bengali $indu &a#ily in Radhanagar, $ooghly, Bengal, May 22, 177,24

    into the Rarhi Brah#in %aste o& Sandilya 5otra (&a#ily na#e Bandyopadhyay)34 $is great

    grand&ather rishna "handra Baneree auired the title Roy $is &a#ily a%+ground

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    displayed unusual religious di0ersity9 his &ather Ra#+anto Roy -as a !aishna0ite, -hile his

    #other .arinide0i -as &ro# a Shai0ite &a#ily .his -as unusual, as !aishana0ites did not

    %o##only #arry Shai0ites at that ti#e .hus, one parent dedi%ated to the laukik , -hi%h -as

    se%ular   puli% ad#inistration4 $e -andered around the $i#alayas and -ent to .iet

    Early political and religious career (1792–1820)

    Raa Ra##ohan Roys i#pa%t on #odern Indian history %on%erned a re0i0al o& the ethi%s

     prin%iples o& the !edanta s%hool o& philosophy as &ound in the /panishads $e prea%hed

    aout the unity o& 5od, #ade early translations o& !edi% s%riptures into nglish, %o:&ounded

    the "al%utta /nitarian So%iety, &ounded the Brah#o Sa#a, and %a#paigned against sati $e

    sought to integrate ;estern %ulture -ith &eatures o& his o-n %ountrys traditions $e

    estalished s%hools to #odernise a syste# o& edu%ation in India

    uring these o0erlapping periods,when?4 Ra# Mohan Roy a%ted as a politi%al agitator  and

    agent*4 -hile eing e#ployed y the ast India "o#pany and si#ultaneously pursuing his0o%ation as a At#iya Sahan>, and spent #any yearswhen?4 at Rangpur  and else-here

    -ith igy, -here he rene-ed his %onta%ts -ith $ariharananda ;illia# "arey had, y this

    ti#e, settled at Sera#pore and the trio rene-ed their asso%iation -ith one another ;illia#

    "arey -as also aligned -ith the nglish "o#pany, then headuartered at ort ;illia#, and

    his religious and politi%al a#itions -ere in%reasingly intert-ined

    .he ast India "o#pany -as ta+ing #oney &ro# India at a rate o& three #illion pounds a

    year in 1838 Ra# Mohan Roy esti#ated ho- #u%h #oney -as eing dri0en out o& India and

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    At the annual "o##e#oration &or Raa Ra##ohun Roy on 22 Septe#er 213 at Arnos

    !ale "e#etery, Bristol, ngland, a pre0iously un+no-n ut #agni&i%ent #iniature i0ory

     portrait ust o& Roy y the &a#ous nglish nineteenth:%entury i0ory %ar0er, Bena#in

    "he0erton (17=6:1876), -as un0eiled .he %o##e#oration #ar+ed the anni0ersary o& the

    death o& Ra##ohun Roy, in Bristol in Septe#er 1833 .his e@%eptionally rare ande@tre#ely i#portant i0ory ust is raised on a Rosso Anti%o:type #arle plinth, the i0ory,

    in%luding turned so%le, is 11 %# ( 21H6 in%hes) high9 18 %# (7 3H32 in%hes) high o0erall

    in%luding #arle plinth .he est and #ost a%%urate three:di#ensional li+eness o&

    Ra##ohun Roy in e@isten%e, this i0ory ust -as #ade y the &a#ous nineteenth:%entury

    i0ory %ar0er Bena#in "he0erton in Fondon in 1832 It is ased on a ust o& Ra##ohun Roy

    #odelled &ro# the li&e in Fondon y the e#inent s%ulptor 5eorge "lar+e in 1832 and %ar0ed

    in #arle y hi# in 1833 "lar+e is the only s%ulptor to -ho# Ra##ohun Roy ga0e sittings

    By use o& his &a#ous s%ulpture redu%ing #a%hine, and -ith the s%ulptors agree#ent,

    "he0erton translated the e@a%t &eatures o& "lar+es ust to this redu%edJsiCe i0ory repli%a

    "lar+es ust o& Ra##ohun Roy is un:lo%ated, presu#ed lost, ut a (da#aged) plaster %ast o& 

    it sur0i0es in India14

    !ersonal

    Ra# Mohan Roy -as #arried t-o ti#es e&ore his teens $is third -i&e, e0i /#a, outli0ed

    hi#!itation nee"e" 4

    "eligious refor#s

    .he religious re&or#s o& Roy %ontained elie&s o& the Brah#o Sa#a as e@pounded y

    Ranarayan Basu

    1*4

     areK Brah#os elie0e that the &unda#ental do%trines o& Brah#ois# are atthe asis o& e0ery religion &ollo-ed y #an9 Brah#os elie0e in the e@isten%e o& Gne

    Supre#e 5od, and -orship hi# alone Brah#os elie0e that -orship o& $i# needs no &i@ed

     pla%e or ti#e

    $ocial refor#s of "a%a "a# Moan "oy

    Roy de#anded property inheritan%e rights &or -o#en and, in 1828, set up the #rah$o %abha,

    -hi%h -as a #o0e#ent o& re&or#ist Bengalis &or#ed to &ight against so%ial e0ils

    Roys politi%al a%+ground in&luen%ed his so%ial and religious approa%h to re&or#s o&

    $induis# $e -roteK >.he present syste# o& $indus & si% ' is not -ell %al%ulated to pro#otetheir politi%al interestsL It is ne%essary that so#e %hange should ta+e pla%e in their religion,

    at least &or the sa+e o& their politi%al ad0antage and so%ial %o#&ort>164

    Ra##ohan Roys e@perien%e -or+ing -ith the British go0ern#ent taught hi# that $indu

    traditions -ere o&ten not respe%ted or %onsidered to e %redile y ;estern standards9 this

    a&&e%ted his religious re&or#s $e -anted to legiti#iCe $indu traditions to his uropean

    a%uaintan%es  y pro0ing that the >superstitious pra%ti%es -hi%h de&or# the $indu & si% ' 

    religion ha0e nothing to do -ith the pure spirit o& its di%tates & si% '>174 .he >superstitious

     pra%ti%es> to -hi%h Ra##ohan Roy oe%ted in%luded sati, %aste rigidity, polyga#y and %hild

    #arriages184 .hese pra%ti%es -ere o&ten the reasons British o&&i%ials %lai#ed #oral 

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    superiority o0er the Indian nation Ra# Mohan Roys ideas o& religion sought to %reate a &air

    and ust so%iety y i#ple#enting hu#anitarian pra%ti%es si#ilar to "hristian ideals and thus

    legiti#iCe $induis# in the #odern -orld

    Ra# Mohan is re#e#ered ringing aout &or -o#en re&or# la-s, espe%ially la- anning

    Sati pra%ti%e $e -as stirred y loss o& his sister:in:la-, -ho e%a#e Sati 1=4 ;hen in 1818,

    so#e $indus oe%ted to guideline restri%ting Sati, Ra# Mohan Roy, produ%ed a %ounter:

     petition reuesting 5o0ern#ent to pass a la- anning sati pra%ti%e1=4 $e -as at loggerhead

    -ith Raa Radha anta e, -ho -as against go0ern#ent inter&eren%e in religious pra%ti%e24 Roy ris+ed his personal li&e and started a %a#paign against Sati pra%ti%e, in -hi%h he -as

    later supported y eendra Dath .agore1=424 $e appealed to ;illia# Benti%+  to pass a la-

     anning Sati pra%ti%e in British India and his persuation ore &ruit and pra%ti%e -as anned y

    a la- passed in 182= in Bengal

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    "chie#ements

    Raa Ra# Mohan Roy is %onsidered as the pioneer o& #odern Indian Renaissan%e &or the

    re#ar+ale re&or#s he rought in the 18th %entury India A#ong his e&&orts, the aolition o&

    the sati:pratha:a pra%ti%e in -hi%h the -ido- -as %o#pelled to sa%ri&i%e hersel& on the

    &uneral pyre o& her husand:-as the pro#inent $is e&&orts -ere also instru#ental ineradi%ating the purdah syste# and %hild #arriage In 1828, Ra# Mohan Roy &or#ed the

    Brah#o Sa#a, a group o& people, -ho had no &aith in idol:-orship and -ere against the

    %aste restri%tions .he title Raa -as a-arded to hi# y Mughal e#peror A+ar, the se%ond

    in 1831 -hen Roy 0isited ngland as an a#assador o& the ing to ensure that Benti%+s

    regulation o& anning the pra%ti%e o& Sati -as not o0erturned

    Bac$ground

    Raa Ra# Mohan Roy -as orn on 1 August, 177 to Ra#a+anta Roy and .arini e0i in

    Murshidaad distri%t, ;est Bengal $is &ather -as a -ealthy Brah#in and stri%tly per&or#ed

    the duties set y the religion Ra# Mohan hi#sel& -as also de0oted to lord !ishnu and in his

    1th year, he -anted to e%o#e a #on+ ut his #other, .arini e0i oe%ted to his desire

    .hough his &ather Ra#a+anto -as 0ery orthodo@ ut he -anted his son to ha0e higher

    edu%ation and a&ter the asi% &or#al edu%ation in Sans+rit and Bengali in the 0illage s%hool,

    Ra# Mohan -as sent to

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    His &ast Days

    Raa Ra# Mohan Roy, during his 0isit to /nited ingdo# as an a#assador o& A+ar: the

    se%ond, died o& #eningitis at Stapleton in Bristol on 27 Septe#er, 1833 $e -ent there to

    reuest the British go0ern#ent to in%rease the royalty, re%ei0ed y the Mughal #peror and

    to ensure that Ford Benti%+s regulation o& anning the pra%ti%e o& Sati -as not o0erturnedRe%ently, the British go0ern#ent has na#ed a street as Raa Ra##ohan ;ay in the #e#ory

    o& Raa Ra# Mohan Roy

    Ideals of Brahmo Samaj

    1. The ideals of Brahmo Samaj have their origin in thesynthesis of the Vedic religion and the Christianhumanism.

    2. It advocated that there is one God, ho is !resenteveryhere, and is ithout sha!e and form. "is orshi!lies in intense devotion.

    #. It $elieved in the $rotherhood of man and treated all men as e%ual. It started a maga&ineentitled Samvad 'aumudi, to teach !eo!le love of man(ind.

    ). It su!!orted the introduction of *nglish in schools ith the $elief that the study of *nglishould o!en the door to modern sciences.

    +. It condemned social evils such as casteism, untoucha$ility, child marriage and the Satisystem. It as due to the efforts of aja ammohan oy that -ord illiam Bentic( a$olishedSati system in 1/20 $y declaring it an offence.

    . It advocated freedom of the !ress and condemned any restriction im!osed on it $y theGovernment.

    . It su!!orted ido3remarriage and the education of girls. aja ammohan oy as the firstto agitate for getting omen their rightful !lace.

    In 1/#1, oy visited the 4nited 'ingdom to s!ea( on Indian %uestions. "e died in Bristol in 1/##. 5fter 

    the death of aja ammohan oy, the or( of the Brahmo Samaj as carried on $y great men li(e

    6evender 7ath Tagore 8father of a$indra 7ath Tagore9 and 'esha$ Chandra Sen. The Brahmo

    Samaj, $esides reforming the "indu society, heralded a ne era of reform movements such as the

     5rya Samaj, the ama(rishna :ission and the ;rarthana Samaj 8in :aharashtra9.

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    8/20

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  • 8/17/2019 Hindi Orale)

    9/20

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  • 8/17/2019 Hindi Orale)

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  • 8/17/2019 Hindi Orale)

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  • 8/17/2019 Hindi Orale)

    13/20

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     आसन   न   थ   बदलव   क   रह  

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  • 8/17/2019 Hindi Orale)

    14/20

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  • 8/17/2019 Hindi Orale)

    15/20

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  • 8/17/2019 Hindi Orale)

    16/20

  • 8/17/2019 Hindi Orale)

    17/20

  • 8/17/2019 Hindi Orale)

    18/20

  • 8/17/2019 Hindi Orale)

    19/20

  • 8/17/2019 Hindi Orale)

    20/20

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