Hans-Joachim Bernstein

LTC ret.

Consultant Spectrum Management

Military Frequency Management

in the new

NATO Command Structure

Prague Summit Declaration

• Transforming NATO with new members, new capabilities, new relationships:

– Enlargement

– NRF

– Streamline NATO military command arrangements

NATO Structure

NORTH ATLANTIC

COUNCIL

SECRETARY GENERAL

INTERNATIONAL STAFF

DI

NAFAG NAAG NNAG

MILITARY

STRUCTURE

ACT ACO

CIVIL

STRUCTURE

DEFENCE PLANNING

COMMITEE

MILITARY COMMITTEE

MEWSG

JEWO

DPP PDD OS DOPA

IMS

NATO’s STRATEGIC COMMANDS

A C T

ACO Command Structure

ACO,Mons

Belgium

Joint Force Command, BRUNSSUM(CJTF HQ(L))

CC LAND HQHeidelberg

GE

CC AIR HQRAMSTEIN

GE

Joint Force Command NAPLES

(CJTF HQ(L))

CC LAND HQMadrid

SP

CC AIR HQIzmirTU

Joint HQLISBON

(CJTF HQ(M))

Allied Command Operations

Why mil. Frequency. Management ?

To make effective use of ALL

electromagnetic emissions for the Forces

Military usable Radio Spectrum

25 %25 %

75 %75 %

COMMS Applications

-- HF

- VHF

- Air Ground Air

- Radio Relay

- SATCOM

NON-COMMS

Applications- Radiolocation

- Radio determination

- Radio navigation

- Telemetry

- Meteorological Aids

Why Frequency Management ?

To seek authorization from the Nations

for use of mil. applications

The military are not the master of the radio spectrum

Radio Spectrum is a national resource of each Nation

Managed by the national authorities

Electromagnetic Battlespace

Air-To-AirDefenseAltitude20,000-35,000 feet

8-10 miles

Altitude 20,000-35,000 feet

Altitude25,000-45,000feet

Altitude25,000-45,000feet

40 miles Altitude25,000-45,000feet

TankersCAP Air-To-Air

Defense

Anti-RadarBombers

Reconnaissance

Radar Jammers

Anti-Radar

AWAC

S

CivilNetworks

Jammers

SOF

AD Radar

Bord

er

Air Base

AD Radar

Jammer

Civil Networks

DSCS

MILSTAR

UHFSATCOM

DMSP GPS Commercial Satellite

UAV

Radio Spectrum Requirements

OVERVIEW OF MILITARY USE OF RADIO SPECTRUM

9 KHZ - 1605.5 KHZ MARITIME MOBILE SURFACE AND SUB-SURFACE TACTICAL BROADCAST

RADIONAVIGATION FOR AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME FORCES

1605.5 KHZ - 30 MHZ TACTICAL COMMUNICATIONS NETS, COMMAND AND CONTROL NETS,

A/G/A COMMUNICATIONS

30 - 108 MHZ TACTICAL, GROUND MOBILE, FREQUENCY MODULATED LOW-POWER

VOICE RADIO

108 - 225 MHZ AERONAUTICAL MOBILE (OR)

225 - 400 MHZ RADIO RELAY - A/G/A - TACTICAL SATELLITES - NAVY

400 - 960 MHZ FIXED AND MOBILE (TACTICAL RADIO RELAY)

960 - 1215 MHZ AERONAUTICAL RADIONAVIGATION (WORLDWIDE)

1215 - 2700 MHZ TACTICAL RADIO RELAY - RADIOLOCATION

2.7 - 3.6 GHZ RADIOLOCATION - FIXED AND MOBILE

3.6 - 5.0 GHZ RADIO RELAY (4.4 - 5.0 GHZ MILITARY BAND IN MOST NATO NATIONS)

5.0 - 8.5 GHZ FIXED SATELLITES (7/8 GHZ BAND)

Radio Spectrum Requirements

OVERVIEW OF MILITARY USE OF RADIO SPECTRUM

.5 - 15.23 GHZ FIXED SATELLITES (11/12 GHZ BAND) - RPVs

15.23 - 17.7 GHZ FIXED, MOBILE, RADIOLOCATION

17.7 - 31.0 GHZ FIXED SATELLITES (20/21 GHZ BAND, 30/31 GHZ BAND),

FIXED, MOBILE, RADIOLOCATION

31.0 - 51.4 FIXED SATELLITES (39/40 GHZ BAND, 50/51 GHZ BAND),

FIXED, MOBILE, RADIOLOCATION

51.4 - 105 GHZ PLANNED MILITARY USAGE CURRENTLY UNDER REVIEW

NC3B and Sub-Structure

NATO C3 Board

Information

SystemsSC/5

Frequency

ManagementSC/3

Identification

SystemsSC/7

CommunicationNetworks

SC/6

Information

SecuritySC/4

Interoperability

SC/2

NavigationSystems

SC/8

NC3 REPS

Joint

Requirements& Concepts SC/1

NC3A

NCSA

North Atlantic Council

Military Committee

Frequency Management in NATO

Competent bodyof NATO

NAC

MC

NC3B

NATO FMSC(civ/mil)

WPsWRC

ITU

ECC,WGFM,WGSECPG

Civil TelecommunicationAdministrations

CEPT

NATO Joint Civ/MilFrequency Agreement

(NJFA)

Ministry of Defence

NARFA

FMSC Role

• Civil/Military Committee

• Advice to other NATO committees

• Decisions on spectrum policy and usage

• Satisfy NATO spectrum requirements

during peace, emergency, crisis and

wartime

– Policy

– Day-to-day management

– Training From the NC3B Approved FMSC TOR

FMSCFMSC

MFGMFG TWGTWGPWGPWG

FMSC Frequency Management Sub-Committee (civ/mil)

WG/1 Policy Working Group (civ/mil)

WG/2 Military Frequency Group (mil)

WG/3 Technical Working Group (mil/partners)

Substructure of NATO FMSC

Conclusion

Spectrum Management in NATO:

FMSC:

• Civil / Military forum for long-term spectrum planning and negotiation

SMB:

• Supporting the FMSC and its WGs

• Coordinating / assigning frequencies

• Training

• Developing tools and maintaining database

ISAF

Article IV: Deployment of the ISAF

3. The Interim Administration understands and agrees the ISAF will have complete and unimpeded freedom of movement throughout the territory and airspace of Afghanistan. The ISAF will agree with the Interim Administration its use of any areas or facilities needed to carry out its

responsibilities as required for its support, training and operations, with such advance notice as may be practicable.

5. The ISAF will have the right to utilise such means and services as required to ensure its full ability to communicate and will have the right to the unrestricted use of all of the electromagnetic spectrum, free of

charge, for this purpose. In implementing this right, the ISAF will make every reasonable effort to co-ordinate with and take into account the needs and requirements of the Interim Administration.

� 1 SO (OF-4)� 1 SA (OR-7)

� ISAF Secret� NATO unclassified� Centrix

� Spectrum XXI (Database)� Radio Mobile (Coverage Plot)

� Spectrum Analyser (Willtek)� Direction finding antennas (Rhode & Schwarz)

Frequency Management in ISAF

REQUESTOR

AFG GO

Civilian

Users

KMNB

Subordinated

Units

UN, NGO,

IO,

Embassies

Units before

deployment

National

Command

Units

NATO CIS

Assets (SSG,

CGS)

Clarify / Validate Request Coordinate

Assignment

Requested frequencies

not available in the

ISAF Pool

Issue Frequency

License out of ISAF

Pool

NARFA

NAT. FREQ

MGMT OFFICE

KMNB FREQ

MGMT

OFFICE

AFG Freq

Authority (MOC)

US CENTCOM CCJ6

Assign

Frequency

ISAF HQ CJ6Freq. Mgmt.

Frequency Management ISAF

� monthly

� Frequency coordination between all users

� Interference resolution

� Antenna Coordination on the TV-Hill

� Discussion of Freq. Mgmt. Related Problems

Theatre Spectrum Management Board

OMC-AOMC-A

NDSNDS

ISAFISAF MOCATMOCAT

MODMOD

GEPPGEPP

MOIMOIMOCMOC

CFC-A

CFC-A

Frequency Management Board

The TFMC is the

� Senior frequency assignment coordination authority

it

� Establishes and enforces ISAF spectrum use policy

� Coordinates spectrum use within ISAF

� Coordinates spectrum use with the host nation and

other spectrum users

� Develops spectrum use plan

� Maintains and publishes ISAF CJ3-approved JRFL

� Resolves spectrum use conflicts

� Evaluates, analyses and resolves interference incidents

� Maintains the common database (Spectrum XXI)

Theatre Spectrum Management Cell

QUESTIONS ?