Guide Bonne Gouvernance Locale. Marroc

8/3/2019 Guide Bonne Gouvernance Locale. Marroc

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KVLCF CF IN GJMMF

KJVTFWMNMOF IJONIF

If uwjhfs UWJKJI n s wnil ntfo inlcf dlmnmolwf cf iVmljm Fvwjufmmf-If ojmsfmv cf of cjov`fms wfitf cf in fvif wfujmnglils cf Uwj|fosj Ijoni fs cNCFI@Nfs mf ufvs fm nvovm on swf ojmlcw oj``f wfdisnms in ujlsljm cf iVmljm fvwjufmmf-


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Mjswf n`glsljm fs kwnmcf cf dnlwf fm jwsf ~vf if tliif fs if ojiifosltls

ijonif) nv ``f slswf ~vf i+sns) if fosfvw uwlt fs in jols oltlif) cftlfmmfms

cf twlsngif unwsfmnlwf cnm if uwjofv cf ctfijuuf`fms kijgni cf mjswf

un|) nlml ~v+vmf djwof cf uwjujlsljm ujvw in `lf fm vtwf cf clddwfmsf

swnsklf mnsljmnif-

In gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof fs cftfmvf vm jvsli `nhfvw ujvw in kfsljm cf kwnmcf

tliif- Mj ols cjltfms) cjmo) +jwlfmsfw tfw vm |s`f ufw`fssnms c+jvtwlw in

tjlf cf lmlslnsltf djmcf vw vmf nuuwjoaf ojmswnosvfiif fs unwslolunsltf

njolnms i+sns fs if tliif) fs dntjwlnms i+ncaljm cf cltfw nosfvw ujilsl~vf)

ojmj`l~vf fs jolnvq) nlml ~vf in unwslolunsljm cf olsj|fm nvq clddwfmsf

uanf c+fqovsljm cf uwjkwn``f ijonvq-

Cv clsojvws uwjmjmo unw_@ if Wjl @jan``fc TL i+joonsljm cf i+jvtfwvwf) Nknclw) cf in Wfmojmwf mnljmnif cfs ojiifoltls ijonifs) ~vl sfs fmvf sjvs if

a`f8 'Ctfijuuf`fm cfs tliifs) olj|fmmf f wfsujmsnglil'8

>7 cof`gwf 7554

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MJSF UWIL@LMNLWF

NCFI@N !Njolnsljm cf Ctfijuuf`fms Ijoni @clsfwwnmfm, !Snmkfw@nwjo, fs Uwj|fosj Ijoni !GnwofijmfFunkmf,) jwknmlnsljm cf in jolsoltlif n|nms inmo fs ojjwcjmm if uwjhfs UWJKJI !Uwj`jsljm cf in GjmmfKjvtfwmnmof nv Mjwc cv @nwjo, wnddlw`fms ifvw fmknkf`fms fmtfw if

ctfijuuf`fms ijoni fs in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof ijonif cnm if tliif cf in@clsfwwnmf- UWJKJI wfuwfmsf fm fddfs vmf lmlslnsltf lkmldlonsltf fm in`nslwf-

In uwfms Kvlcf f uwjujf cf ojmslsvfw vm lmswv`fms fs vmf wfjvwofujvw sjvsf if oj``vmf fs nvswf nosfvw cf in jols oltlif nv @nwjo- If

Kvlcf fs m cvmf tjijms cf onulsnilnsljm cf uwlmolunvq nuuwfmslnkf fscf ojmmnlnmof kmw unw ofssf fquwlfmof- UWJKJI n s vm uwjhfswloaf fm fmflkmf`fms) fm clnijkvf ownsld fs fm mjvtfnvq wfnvquwjcvlnms cf mjvtfiif ojmmnlnmof fs cf mjvtfiif onunols ujvw inuwj`jsljm cvm ctfijuuf`fms av`nlm cofmswnil fs c`jownsl~vf- Mjvtjvijm wf`fwolfw sjvs uolnif`fms sjv ofvq ~vl jms unwslolu nosltf`fms fs

ntfo fmsajvln`f UWJKJI) noanms ~vli jms nuufi ojmslmvfw unwslolufw ntfo sjvsf imfwklf fs in `jsltnsljm ujlgif in gjmmfkjvtfwmnmof cv ctfijuuf`fms ijoni-

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Mj wf`fwolf`fms tjms nvl fs sjvs unwslovilwf`fms nvq djmosljmmnlwf fs

wfujmngif ujilsl~vf cf oj``vmf cf Snmkfw fs cf Ssjvnm) nvqwfujmngif cf `nlwlf cf Ojwcjvf fs cf Gnwofijmf) nvq uwjdfljmmfi fsnvq fqufws) nvq djw`nsfvw) nvq `f`gwf cf njolnsljm fs jwknmlnsljmcf in jols oltlif- Fs fmdlm) sjv mj wf`fwolf`fms iVmljm Fvwjufmmf ~vlmjv n ojmdl of uwjhfs fs mjv n joswj| jm jvslfm dlmnmolfw) nm if~vfi ofuwjhfs mf ujvwwnls un ngjvslw-

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Uwfmsnsljm cv uwjhfs UWJKJI cnm if oj``vmfcf Snmkfw fs cf Ssjvnm

Oj``vmf cf Ssjvnm

Oj``vmf cf Snmkfw

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Sngif cf `nslwf

>- Lmswjcvosljm

7- If uwjhfs UWJKJI 8 vmf lmlslnsltf ulijsf- _|s`nslnsljm fs onulsnilnsljm-

?- If oncwf ojmofusvfi 8 ~vfs ~vf ofs in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof fs ujvw~vjl fiif fs

l`ujwsnmsf ujvw if ctfijuuf`fms av`nlm :

3- If ojmsfqsf `nwjonlm cf in kjvtfwmnmof fs cf in cofmswnilnsljm- Jgsnoif fs

cdl-

6- Vm oncwf cf wdwfmof ujvw kvlcfw vm uwjofv cf uwj`jsljm cf in gjmmf

kjvtfwmnmof nv mltfnv ijoni-

4- If |s`f cf in kjvtfwmnmof ijonif8 cl`fmljm) tnwlngif fs lmclonsfvw-

;- If clnkmjslo- If lmclonsfvw fs if jvwof cf twldlonsljm

1- In `nswlof cf `fvwf fs nosljm- Sngifnv cf gjwc ujvw in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof-

5- Vm |s`f ufw`nmfms fs ojmslmv cf kfsljm fs ctnivnsljm ujvw `fvwfw if

uwjkw fs in`iljwnsljm cf in kjvtfwmnmof nv flm cf oj``vmf->>- If no~vl) if nuuwfmslnkf fs if fmflkmf`fms ujvw intfmlw-

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Lmswjcvosljm

If uwjhfs UWJKJI !Uwj`jsljm cf in GjmmfKjvtfwmnmof nv Mjwc cv @nwjo, fs vmf lmlslnsltfuwj`vf unw cfvq jwknmlnsljm cf in jols oltlif)NCFI@N- !lsvf cnm in tliif cf Snmkfw, fs Uwj|fosjIjoni !lsvf cnm in tliif cf Gnwofijmf,- If

oj``vmf cf Ssjvnm fs cf Snmkfw) nv @nwjo) fsif `vmlolunils cf Gnwofijmf fs cf Ojwcjvf) fmFunkmf) jms s fs cf`fvwfms cf njoluwltlikl ujvw ifvw fmknkf`fms cnm of uwjhfs-

If gvs dlmni cv uwjhfs UWJKJI fs cn`iljwfw in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof cf `vmlolunils

`nwjonlmf fs cnoowjswf nlml ifvw onunols fsifvw wfjvwof ujvw uwj`jvtjlw if ctfijuuf`fmscv sfwwlsjlwf oj``vmni fs if glfmswf cf fanglsnms- Cnm of fm) UWJKJI n s vm uwjhfsulijsf fquwl`fmsni ~vl uwsfmc f ujvwvltwf) ~vfof jls unw inuuwjdjmclf`fms cf nosljm ch

fmswfuwlf Snmkfw fs Ssjvnm jv unw ifvwfqsfmljm cnvswf tliif `nwjonlmf- N-C-F-I-@-N-fs Uwj|fosj Ijoni jms fmknk cnm in ujvwvlsf cfUWJKJI) vmf djl noaftf ofssf uwf`lwf uanf ~vln wfv inlcf dlmnmolwf fs lmslsvsljmmfiif cf iVmljmFvwjufmmf-

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Ofol uwfmsf vm slv cf unwsnkf fs cf onulsnilnsljm cfquwlfmof vml~vf ~vl cftwnls

ofwsnlmf`fms swf `lfvq fquijls cnm if mjvtfi lmswv`fms cf tjllmnkf) ~vli mfsnvhjvwcavl-

If tliif cf i+Vmljm fvwjufmmf fs ofiif cf wltf _vc fs Fs cf in @clsfwwnmfjvanlsfms f wnuuwjoafw) clnijkvfw) fs uwj`jvtjlw cf mjvtfiif ulsf cfctfijuuf`fms cf in ojjuwnsljm fvwj`clsfwwnmfmmf-

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>-If uwjhfs UWJKJI 8 vmf lmlslnsltf ulijsf)|s`nslnsljm fs onulsnilnsljm-

If gvs ofmswni cv uwjhfs UWJKJI fs cf uwj`jvtjlw) cf wfmdjwofw fs c+sngilw cf|s`f cf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof `vmlolunif cnm if tliif cf Snmkfw fs cf Ssjvnm-In gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof fs cdlml oj``f if mjvtfiif wfinsljm ~vl jms ojmswvlsffmswf in jols oltlif fs clddwfms mltfnvq cf kjvtfwmf`fms) jv l ijm tfvs) fmswfif lmslsvsljm uvgil~vf fs if jwknmlnsljm cf in jols oltlif ujvw sngilw cf`nmlwf cf kjvtfwmfw uiv fddlonof fs ujvw ngjwcfw if uwjgi`f cfctfijuuf`fms ~vl f ujfms oj``f cdl vmf jols cnm vm `j`fms csfw`lm-

Cnm in `fvwf j ijm ojmsnsf ~vf if `nmlwf swnclsljmmfiif cf kjvtfwmfw mfjms uiv onungif cf wjvcwf if uwjgi`f cf mjswf sfù) i+lùilonsljm cf sjv

if nosfvw swnskl~vf fs i+sngilf`fms c+funof fs cf mjw`f ojùnslgif ntfoifvw clddwfms lmsws fs cftfmv vmf fqlkfmof cf in kjvtfwmnmof c`jownsl~vf-

vmf oafiif ijonif fs `vmlolunif) vmf swnsklf cf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof) fqlkf inuwlf cf mjvtfiif colljm unw if wfujmngif `vmlolunvq- In `vmlolunils) l fiiftfvs cftfmlw vmf lmslsvsljm onungif c+ntjlw vmf lmdivfmof fddlonof vw ifctfijuuf`fms cf jm sfwwlsjlwf) cftwn ngjwcfw jm mjvtfnv wif oj``f i+nosfvwoicf mjvtfnvq wfnvq lmslsvsljmmfi !ntfo cf lmslsvsljm uwjtlmolnif) snsl~vf fslmsfwmnsljmnif, fs cf jwknmlnsljm cf in jols oltlif- Of wfnvq jmslmclufmngif in uwlf cf colljm cnm if sfwwlsjlwf-

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If wfnvq fs if uwjocvwf jms djmcn`fmsnvq unwof ~vli csfw`lmfms if

oj``fms cf in uwlf cf colljm fs cdlmlfms nlml ~vl jms if nosfvwswnskl~vf) oj``fms li noocfms n ofssf onskjwlf n ilmswlfvw cv |s`fcf kjvtfwmnmof ch sngil) ~vfiif wfinsljm cf |`swlf jv cn|`swlf cvujvtjlw f uwjcvlfms fmswf fvq) oj``fms f wjitfms if ojmdils fmswf fvq)fso-

Of wkif fs uwjocvwf csfw`lmfms if s|uf cf wfinsljm sngil fmswf if

ujvtjlw ujilsl~vf fs if cj`nlmf ojmj`l~vf fs jolnvq- Li ufvtfms swfuiv jv `jlm lmslsvsljmmnil- In kjvtfwmnmof fwn uiv jilcf fs if wkifuiv cvwngif l fiif jms onungif cf ojmsfmlw unoldl~vf`fms if ojmdils fmswfif nosfvw swnskl~vf-

Nv @nwjo) ofin fs unwslovilwf`fms lkmldlonsld) cnm in `fvwf j if oj``vmnvsfs if `vmlolunils cjltfms wujmcwf nvq mjvtfnvq cdl cf in cofmswnilnsljm

snsl~vf fs nvq lmolsnsljm ujvw uwj`jvtjlw in unwslolunsljm olsj|fmmf cnm in kfsljmcf nddnlwf uvgil~vf- Ofin vuujf cf n`iljwnsljm lkmldlonsltf fs vmfswnmdjw`nsljm cf of jwknmlnsljm ndlm ~vfiif uvlfms clwlkfw if uwjofv cfojjuwnsljm fs cfmknkf`fms fs ujvw nvk`fmsfw ifvw iklsl`ls nv flm cf mjvtfnvqwfnvq lmslsvsljmmfi-

If uwjhfs UWJKJI fs uwjuj cfquwl`fmsfw cf mjvtfiif uwjocvwf fs cfmjvtfiif `sajcjijklf ujvw n`iljwfw in kjvtfwmnmof `vmlolunif cnm if tliif cfSnmkfw fs cf Ssjvnm- Ujvw of dnlwf) fs oj``f mjv ifquil~vfwjm sjvs nv ijmk cf ofKvlcf) cltfwf a|ujsaf lmlslnif cf swntnli cjms s djw`f nvsjvw cvmfojmofusljm |s`l~vf fs lmskwf cf in kjvtfwmnmof-

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In kjvtfwmnmof snms ojmvf oj``f vmf mjvtfiif nuuwjoaf cf in djmosljm cf

kjvtfwmfw) kwof ilmskwnsljm cf clddwfmsf cl`fmljm) oj``f ofiif cvctfijuuf`fms lmslsvsljmmfi !in ~vnils cf in gvwfnvownslf,) if wfinsljm cf in`vmlolunils ntfo in jols oltlif fs ntfo cnvswf nosfvw uvgilo fs uwlt) ififncfwalu fs in onunols cf iv nv`fw ifvw wif-

Ofssf nuuwjoaf `vislcl`fmljmmfiif cf in kjvtfwmnmof n wfmcv ojùifqf in cdlmlsljm

cvm uwjhfs uwsfmcnms ngjwcfw fs swnlsfw cf uwjgi`f nvl tnwl ~vf ofvq ~vljms lmskw cnm in ojmofusljm |s`l~vf cf in kjvtfwmnmof ~vl fs in mswf-

In ojùifqls fs ifmtfwkvwf cv cdl uj unw if uwjhfs UWJKJI mjv n n`fm swntnliifw cf dnjm sw swjlsf ntfo if nosfvw `vmlolunvq ojmofwm fs sngilwntfo fvq vm |s`f cf swntnli cf uwjql`ls fs in ownsljm cvm oil`ns cf ojmdlnmofkwof vmf lmsfwnosljm ojmsnmsf fs wusf- In ojijmmf tfwsgwnif cv uwjhfs

UWJKJI) sjvs cv `jlm cnm n uwf`lwf uanf) n s in ojmslsvsljm cf Kwjvuf cfSwntnli ojùj unw vmf uivwnils cnosfvw !djmosljmmnlwf) iv) oncwf njolnsld)fso-, ~vl jms ufv ufv ow ifvw uwjuwf c|mn`l~vf cf swntnli ujvw cnmni|fw fsswnlsfw cf dnjm ojiifosltf fs lmsfwnosltf if clddwfms dnosfvw fs ojùjnmsf cf inkjvtfwmnmof ijonif-

If cdl cf UWJKJI n s cf sfmsfw cntjlw vmf lmolcfmof vw if oanmkf`fmslmslsvsljmmfi) o+fsclwf vw in c|mn`l~vf lmsfwmf fs fqsfwmf cf cfvq oj``vmf`nwjonlmf ojmofwmf- If uwjhfs mf fs un il`ls ntjlw vmf lmolcfmof vw ifonunols cf kjvtfwmf`fms cf iv fs cf djmosljmmnlwf- Ujvw ofin) if nosljm cfonunolsnsljm fs cf djw`nsljm fmswfuwlf cvwnms if uwf`lfw `jl cf UWJKJInvwnlfms s vddlnmsf-

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Nv ojmswnlwf) UWJKJI n `l fm uinof vmf nosljm uwsfmcnms ojmswlgvfw in ownsljm

fs nv ctfijuuf`fms cvmf c|mn`l~vf cf oanmkf`fms cnm if lmslsvsljm`vmlolunif fiif``f-Ofssf c|mn`l~vf cf oanmkf`fms mf ufvs un sngilw) fsfmojwf `jlm f ctfijuufw unw if glnl cvm uwjhfs fqsfwmf oj``f nvwnls uv iswfUWJKJI- Li snls mofnlwf cf coifmoafw vmf c|mn`l~vf uwjkwfltf clùilonsljmfs cfmknkf`fms cf uwlmolunvq nosfvw cf in kjvtfwmnmof ijonif ~vl) `j|fmsfw`f) uwfmnlfms ojmolfmof ~vf if mjvtfiif djw`f cf kjvtfwmf`fms ujvtnlfmsif lmswffw fs ifvw swf uwjdlsngif fm snms ~vnosfvw fs ~vf ofin owfwnls vmuwjofv noov`vinsld tfw in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof ijonif-

Fm snms ~vjwknmlnsljm n|nms uwj`v UWJKJI) mjv sljm fs j``f sjvhjvwojmolfms ~vf ujvw coifmoafw cf uwjofv niinms tfw in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof) lifs mofnlwf cf kmwfw cf ojùilols lkmldlonsltf) o+fsclwf cf dnlwf cf jwsf~vf if uwlmolunvq wfujmngif cf lmslsvsljm `vmlolunif ufwjltfms cngjwc fs f

ojmtnlm~vfms fmvlsf ~vf in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof fs ~vfi~vf oajf ~vl ifvw ojmtlfms-Ofssf wdifqljm unws cvmf nvswf ojmsnsnsljm 8 in `nvtnlf kjvtfwmnmof ojmtlfmsknif`fms cf mj`gwfvq nosfvw ~vl jms ncjus mj`gwf cf `nvtnlf uwnsl~vf cfkjvtfwmnmof `vmlolunif 8 junols) `nm~vf cf swnmunwfmof) lmfddlonols cfujilsl~vf `vmlolunif) lmfddlonols cf in kfsljm nc`lmlswnsltf) ojwwvusljm) nwglswnlwf)fso-

^vnmc if jwknmlnsljm ufwoftwjms ~vli fqlsf vm twlsngif ~vlilgwf lmslsvsljmmfi fs~vfiif ojùwfmcwjms ~vfiif ufvtfms jgsfmlw cf gmdlof lùjwsnms cvoanmkf`fms lmslsvsljmmfi) li ojmtlfmcwn nijw clmtfslw ujvw owfw vmf mjvtfiiflmslsvsljmmnils fs uwfmcwf in wfujmnglils cf oanmkfw if wkif cv hfv-

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In onulsnilnsljm cf ifquwlfmof UWJKJI fs lùjwsnmsf ujvw mjv) Uwj|fosj Ijoni fs

NCFI@N) snms cv ujlms cf tvf swnskl~vf !uvl~vf mjv knkmjm fm owclglils, ~vfcv ujlms cf tvf cf in wfujmnglils sal~vf fmtfw if gnliifvw cf djmc ~vl jms fvojmdlnmof fm mjv ~vfmtfw if njol fs gmdlolnlwf cf of uwjhfs-

Ofs ujvw ofssf wnljm ~vf if fmflkmf`fms ~vf mjv ujvtjm slwfw cf ifquwlfmofUWJKJI cjltfms swf `l fm djw`f fs unwsnk unw ifmf`gif cf nosfvw lùil~vcnm if uwjofv cnìljwnsljm cf in kjvtfwmnmof fs cf in kfsljm uvgil~vf ijonifnv @nwjo-

Ofs nvl ujvw ofol ~vf of Kvlcf uwsfmc `fsswf fm djw`f if ojmmnlnmofojmofwmnms sjvs unwslovilwf`fms in `sajcjijklf fs if uwjocvwf cv uwjhfsUWJKJI ndlm ~vf sjvsf if oj``vmf fs sjv if `vmlolunils cv @nwjo cluj swntnliifw ujvw vmf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof ijonif uvlfms uwjdlsfw cf ifquwlfmof cf

UWJKJI fm `nslwf cnuuilonsljm cf ufwufosltf fs cf `fvwf uwnsl~vf ~vlnìljwfms in `nmlwf cf kjvtfwmfw if lmslsvsljm ijonif fs if wfinsljm ntfo injols oltlif fs of) cnm if gvs cf wfmdjwofw ifddlonols cv ctfijuuf`fms cf ifvwsfwwlsjlwf-

Mjv jvanlsjm ~vf of cjov`fms uvlf swf ojmlcw oj``f vm jvsli ~vlojmswlgvf in onulsnilnsljm cvmf fquwlfmof jv cvmf uwnsl~vf- In onulsnilnsljm fs)ujvw mjv) if unnkf cf ifquwlfmof in ojmmnlnmof unwsnkf- Ofin tfvs clwf fmj``f ~vli nkls cf slwfw cf ifjm cf ifquwlfmof ndlm ~vfiif uvlfms swfvslilf ujvw cf fquwlfmof viswlfvwf-

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>;

DJW@NSLJM N__L_SNMOF

SFOAML^VF INGJWNSLJM CF

@SAJCJIJKLF_FS

C+LMCLONSFVW_ OANMKF CF

GJMMF_UWNSL^VF_

INGJWNSLJM FSNUUILONSLJMCNOSLJM_ULIJSF_

TNIVNSLJM W_FNVQ

@VMLOLUNVQ

Ctfijuuf`fm cfsonunols cfuinmldlonljm)uwj`jljm cv

ctfijuuf`fmfwwljwlni fkfsljm

`vmlolunif-

Ctfijuuf`fm fnuuilonljm c+vm oncwfcf wdwfmof ujvw ingjmmfkjvtfwmnmof

ijonif

Uwj`jljm f

ctfijuuf`fm cfin unwlolunljm

olj|fmmfN`iljwnljm cf in

ojjuwnljmlmfwlmslvljmmfiif

cfs ojiifoltlsijonifs

`nwjonlmfsCtfijuuf`fm cf inojjuwnljm cofmwnilsf

f `vmlolunif cnms ifsun|s cf in @clfwwnmf

SSJVNMSNMKFW

UWJ@JSLJM CF IN GJMMFKJVTFWMNMOF IJONIF NVMJWC CV @NWJO CNM_ IF

ONCWF CF IN OJJUWNSLJMFVWJUFMMF COFMSWNIL_F

OJWCJVFGNWOFIJMF


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7-If oncwf ojmofusvfi8 ~vfs ~vf ofs in gjmmfkjvtfwmnmof fs ujvw~vjl fiif fs lùjwsnmsf ujvw ifctfijuuf`fms av`nlm :

If sfw`f kjvtfwmnmof ujvw if U-M-V-C- clkmf if oncwf cf wkif) clmslsvsljmfs cf uwnsl~vf sngilf ~vl cdlmlfms if il`lsf fs if wfswlosljm ojmofwmnms in

ojmcvlsf cf lmcltlcv) cf jwknmlnsljm fs cf fmswfuwlf-

Jm nls ~vf cnm if jols n|nms cf cfkw ift cf ojùifqls) cf cltfwls) cfc|mn`l`f fs clmsfwcufmcnmof) i+fddlonols fs i+fddlolfmof cf in kfsljm mfcufmcfms un fvif`fms cf i+nosljm cv kjvtfwmf`fms- Fiif cufmcfms nvl cf inonunols cf owfw fs kwfw cf wfnvq cnosfvw csfw`lmnms in ~vnils cf inkjvtfwmnmof-

If dnls cf kjvtfwmfw lmoj`gf isns `nl sfmc knif`fms nv fosfvw uwlt fs injols oltlif- If swjl fosfvw jms djmcn`fmsnvq ujvw jvsfmlw if ctfijuuf`fmsav`nlm- Ilmsfwnosljm ojmswvosltf cf swjl fosfvw ojmswlgvf in gjmmfkjvtfwmnmof) nlml ~v in wfcclsljm cf ojùsf) in swnmunwfmof) ifddlonols fs indjw`nsljm cf ojmfmv) i~vls fs in difqlglils ujvw wujmcwf nvq gfjlm-

Mjv ojmlcwjm in kjvtfwmnmof oj``f in onunols cf uwfmcwf cf colljmnddfosnms if ctfijuuf`fms cf sfwwlsjlwf fs cf in ujuvinsljm ijonif vw vm `jcf cfojwfujmnglils fmswf oj``vmf fs ujuvinsljm ndlm cnssflmcwf cf jghfosldoj``vm-

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In gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof ojmlsf fm in clujlsljm fs inuuilonsljm cf `onml`f fs cf

wfjvwof ~vl ufw fssfms cngjwcfw fs cf wjvcwf cf dnjm fddlonof if cdl uj vmf jols ~vl cjls nvsjkjvtfwmfw) kwfw jm uwjuwf ctfijuuf`fms fsnvk`fmsfw nlml jm glfmswf-

Unwtfmlw vmf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof vuujf cf oanmkf`fms fm uwjdjmcfvw- Li mfnkls un fvif`fms cf oanmkf`fms jwknmlnsljmmfi jv cf kfsljm `nl nvlcvmf swnmdjw`nsljm cf ilmslsvsljmmnils ijonif ) o+fsclwf) cf wkif cv hfv~vl wklfms if lmsfwnosljm fmswf if clddwfms nosfvw- Ofin l`uil~vf inojmslsvsljm fs if ctfijuuf`fms cf mjvtfnvq ifncfwalu) cf uwjofvcnuuwfmslnkf jolnvq fs glfm w) cnvk`fmsnsljm cf onunols cf kjvtfwmf`fmsfs cf kfsljm-

In gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof fs vmf kjvtfwmnmof c`jownsl~vf ~vl f uwjcvls ijw~vf in

uwlf cf colljm unw invsjwls fs in wjivsljm cf ojmdils ntfo if nosfvw jolnvq fcwjvifms fijm cf wkif fs cf djw`vif ~vf mjv ujvtjm ~vnildlfw oj``fc`jownsl~vf- If noojwc) fmknkf`fms fs ojmdils jms wjiv swntfw cfwkif wfojmmvf oj``f c`jownsl~vf unw sjv if nosfvw- O+fs clwf) cf wkifnoofusf fs wfojmmvf fm snms ~vf sfiif-

Nlml) jm ufvs clwf ~vvm |s`f jolni fs kjvtfwmngif ~vnmc li fs swvosvw)jolnif`fms fs ujilsl~vf`fms) cf dnjm of ~vf sjv if nosfvw swnskl~vf f`fssfms cnoojwc ujvw uwfmcwf cf colljm ojiifosltf`fms) wjvcwf ifvw ojmdilsfijm vm |s`f cf wkif fs cf uwjoc djw`fi fs lmdjw`fi jglnms clddwfmsmltfnvq c+lmslsvsljmmnilnsljm fs fqujfw ifvw fqufosnsltf fs ifvw swnsklf-

>


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In jols dlmls unw swf `jcfif unw if mj`gwf fs in ~vnils cf ufwjmmf ~vl f

colcfms lmsfwtfmlw cnm if uwjofv- If ifncfwalu wf~vl ujvw if oanmkf`fmslmslsvsljmmfi fqlkf vmf onunols cf tlljm) vmf iklsl`ls) vmf ojmdlnmof) vmfowclglils fs vmf onunols ujvw swnlsfw ojmtfmngif`fms if ojmdils fs nklw oj``fonsni|fvw cv uwjofv c+ncnusnsljm jolnif fs cnuuwfmslnkf-

Vmf swnsklf fm dntfvw cf in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof ijonif sfiif ~vfiif n s sngilf fsctfijuuf unw UWJKJI f cflmf nvsjvw cf dnosfvw vltnms8

77

DNOSFVW_ UWDNOSFVW_ UW_FMS_ CNM_ IN_FMS_ CNM_ INKJVTFWMNMOF IJONIFKJVTFWMNMOF IJONIF

Ojjwclmnljmntfo

ifmjvwnkf

lmslvljmmfi

KJVTFWMNMOFIJONIF

Ufwdjw`nmof cfijwknmlsnljm

`vmloluni Wfinljms ntfo insjol oltlif

Unwfmnwlnswnkl~vf cnms

if fwwljlwf


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Of jghfosld jms s sngil unwslw cv ojmsns cf cltfw uwjgi`f ~vl fùoafms

jv il`lsfms in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof ijonif nv @nwjo- Fmswf nvswf8

>- In dnlgiff cf ilmsfwnosljm fmswf if `vmlolunils fs in jols oltlif-7- Ifqlsfmof cf uwnsl~vf oilfmsilsf fs cf ojwwvusljm cnm if fosfvw

uvgilo?- In unvtwfs cf in ~vnils cf fwtlof uvgilo3- Ilmfddlolfmof jv ilmfddlonols cf in kfsljm uvgil~vf6- Ifqlsfmof cf `jcif `fmsnvq swnclsljmmfi fs in unltls jolnif fm

`nslwf cnddnlwf ojiifosltf-4- If `nm~vf cf wfcclsljm cf ojùsf cf in unws cf iv;- Ingfmof cfunof fs cf mjw`f ujvw in unwslolunsljm olsj|fmmf1- In unvtwfs fm `nslwf cf onunols cf kfsljm cf djmosljmmnlwf fs

sfoamlolfm vmlolunvq

5- In mjmlùilonsljm cf `vmlolunils cnm if ctfijuuf`fms cvwngif cfifvw sfwwlsjlwf>>- Ilml~vls fm `nslwf cf clswlgvsljm cf wfjvwof jv cf uwlf cfcolljm ~vf of jls ujvw cf wnljm cf kfmwf) cnuunwsfmnmof fsaml~vf

Cnm sjv if on) li ojmtlfms cf mjsfw ~vf ifquwlfmof cf in cofmswnilnsljm nv@nwjo n ufw`l cf uwfmcwf ojmolfmof cf dnjm owjlnmsf cf clddlovis fqlsnmsffs cv dnls ~vf inosljm uvgil~vf ijonif f tjls ojmdwjmsf vmf wlf cf cdl ndlm cfwfùilw vm wif fddfosld fm `nslwf cf ctfijuuf`fms sfwwlsjwlni fs cf nsldnosljm cfgfjlm jolnvq cf in ujuvinsljm-

7?


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Ofin ojmofwmf fs wf`fs fm ~vfsljm in`mnkf`fms cv sfwwlsjlwf fs if ctfijuuf`fms

cf ònml`f cf djmosljmmf`fms cf ojiifosltls ijonif fm unwslovilfw in`jcfwmlnsljm cf `jcnils cifosljm fs cf wfuwfmsnsljm) in oinwldlonsljm cfojùsfmof fmswf if clddwfms mltfnvq sfwwlsjwlnvq) in lùildlonsljm cf oafiif cfin cofmswnilnsljm) inssfmsljm ujwsf nvq fqlkfmof cf unwsfmnwlns ujvw vmfojjuwnsljm ojawfmsf fmswf in wkljm) in uwjtlmof in oj``vmf fs if nvswfswvosvwf cf inosljm uvgil~vf ijonif-

Ofssf wdifqljm n`mf mofnlwf`fms vmf wfojùjlsljm cf sfwwlsjlwf vw in gnfcvm mjvtfnv uwjofv `sajcjijkl~vf j if ofmswnil`f cjls ocfw in uinof cfmjvtfiif djw`f cjwknmlnsljm fs cf djmosljmmf`fms cv sfwwlsjlwf fm tvf cvmfnvsjmj`lf noowvf) cvmf wfujmnglils jvsfmvf cf in unws cf ifmf`gif cfnosfvw uvgilo fs cvmf unwslolunsljm uiv fmknkf cf nosfvw sfwwlsjwlnvq ujvw in`lf fm `nwoaf cf uwjkwn``f cf ctfijuuf`fms sfwwlsjwlni- Mjv ojùwfmjm

nlml unwdnlsf`fms ~vli fs mofnlwf cf jv`fsswf in kfsljm ijonif nvq uwlmoluf`jcfwmf cf in kfsljm uvgil~vf-

Ofin mjv ojmcvls sjvs mnsvwfiif`fms in wfoafwoaf cvm nvswf `jcif nc`lmlswnsld sfwwlsjwlni) `lfvq ncnus in tjonsljm cvm @nwjo `jcfwmf) onungif cncjusfw cfmjvtfiif oafiif cf wdwfmof fs cf ojmlcwfw in mkjolnsljm fs in unwslolunsljmojiifosltf oj``f cf sajcf ufw`nmfmsf cf kjvtfwmf`fms-

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Li nkls cvm `jcif uji|ofmswl~vf ~vl nooj`unkmf if oanmkf`fms nosvfi cf isns

`nwjonlm ~vl f swjvtf nvhjvwcavl cnm vmf lsvnsljm cf swnmlsljmuwj`fssfvf cnm in `fvwf j n ch s nmmjmof inuuilonsljm cvm inwkf`jvtf`fms cf wfswvosvwnsljm fs cf `jcfwmlnsljm cf lmslsvsljm mnsljmnif fsijonif cnm if gvs cf uwnsl~vfw vmf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof cf in kfsljm cf nddnlwfuvgil~vf-

If cdl ojmlsf oj``f sjvhjvw ntjlw `nswlnilfw of lcf fm uwjujlsljm fs fm`fvwf ojmowsf) fddfosltf fs cvwngif-

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3- If ojmsfqsf `nwjonlm cf in kjvtfwmnmof fs cf in

cofmswnilnsljm- Jgsnoif fs cdl-

Li fs ffmslfi cf ntjlw ~vfiif n s itjivsljm in uiv wofmsf cv un| ujvwoj`uwfmcwf if ojmsfqsf cf in kjvtfwmnmof ijonif- Ufmcnms if nmmf


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Cnm of oncwf) if uwjgi`f djmcn`fmsni nv~vfi jms ojmdwjms if ujvtjlw uvgilo

ojmofwmf uiv unwslovilwf`fms if wfinsljm fmswf if olsj|fm fs ifvw lmslsvsljmwfuwfmsnsltf fs nc`lmlswnsltf- Of wfinsljm jms `nw~vf unw vmf jwsf cfclmsws ujvw mf un clwf cf `dlnmof- If lmslsvsljm mf djmosljmmfms un fmanw`jmlf ntfo in jols-

Fm fddfs) if `jcnils clmdjw`nsljm fs cf oj``vmlonsljm cf swvosvwfnc`lmlswnsltf ntfo if olsj|fm jms cdlolsnlwf fs ``f nwoan~vf fm wnljm cfin gvwfnvownslf fs cf insslsvcf unsfwmnilsf cf gjm mj`gwf civ- In c`jownslf`nwjonlmf f onwnoswlf fmojwf unw jm junols fs unw in uwonwls cf n tlf ujilsl~vffs cf n djmosljm uvgil~vf-

In `jcldlonsljm cf in cl`fmljm cf ojiifosltls ijonif jv oj``vmnif fs ivm cfnufos if uiv l`ujwsnms cf wdjw`f lmslsvsljmmfiif `lf fm uinof of

cfwmlwf nmmf- If sfqsf cf >


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Swfmsf nm uiv snwc) if glinm fs cdlolsnlwf ``f li dnvs wfojmmnlswf cf uwjkw

vgsnmslfi cnm if uwjofv cf cofmswnilnsljm- In cofmswnilnsljm nv @nwjo fsuiv vmf uwjocvwf cf wkvinsljm fs clmskwnsljm ~vvm `j|fm cjwknmlnsljm) cfuinmldlonsljm fs cf unwslolunsljm- If wdjw`f mjms un s onungif cf `jcldlfw inijkl~vf cf djmosljmmf`fms cf nosfvw ijonvq fs fiif mn un mjm uiv vuuwl` ifwfswlosljm fs if jgsnoif lmslsvsljmmfi-

In kfsljm nc`lmlswnsltf fs in uwfsnsljm cf fwtlof uwcj`lmfms fmojwf cnm if

ojiifosltls ijonif- If oj``vmf mjms un s onungif cf uwjdlsfw cf fddfs`jcfwmlnsfvw cf in cofmswnilnsljm- Fiif jms kwf oj``f cf swvosvwfnc`lmlswnsltf swnclsljmmfiif clujnms cvmf sw dnlgif onunols clmmjtnsljm fm`nslwf cjwknmlnsljm fs cf kfsljm-

Fm of ~vl ojmofwmf inc`lmlswnsljm cf Ojmfli `vmlolunvq) in kfsljm ijonif fs

lwwkvilwf) nm ojjwclmnsljm fmswf if ojmfliifw) of ~vl oj`uil~vf in uwlf cfcolljm- If swntnli fm ~vluf fs lkmjw) snms nv mltfnv fqovsld ~vnv mltfnv cvOjmfli ivl``f- Fm kmwni) if Ojmfli `vmlolunvq kwfms swju clmofwslsvcf fscjltfms uwfmcwf cf colljm nm clujfw cvm cfkw cf ofwslsvcf vddlnms- Ifojmfliifw lkmjwfms knif`fms if cf`nmcf ijonif djw`vif unw if olsj|fm-

If uwlcfms cf oj``vmf cjltfms mjm fvif`fms uwfmcwf cf colljm `nl li

cjltfms nvwfw clwfosf`fms cf ifvw fqovsljm- Ofin cf`nmcf) cf in unws cf ivcf mjvtfiif nuslsvcf fs cf ojmmnlnmof l`ujwsnmsf cnm if cj`nlmf cf inkfsljm vmlolunif-

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If iv cjltfms ntjlw swf cf clwfosfvw `vmlolunvq onungif cnmni|fw if

lmdjw`nsljm) cf wjvcwf if uwjgi`f ~vjslclfm cf olsj|fm) cf mkjolfw ntfoclddwfms unwsfmnlwf fs fmdlm) cf nvwfw cv djmosljmmf`fms cf fwtlof uvgiloijonvq-

Fm of ~vl ojmofwmf if djmosljmmnlwf) `nikw if fddjws wnil) in clujmlglils cfwfjvwof av`nlmf ~vnildlf fs sjvhjvw cdlolsnlwf cnm if oj``vmf`nwjonlmf- Li dnvcwnls unwtfmlw vmf `fliifvwf ~vnildlonsljm fs vmf `fliifvwf

onunols cf kfsljm ujvw ~vli uvlfms dnlwf dnof nvq lùjwsnmsf wfujmnglils ~vlifvw lmoj`gfms-

If @nwjo n fmknk cfuvl ~vfi~vf nmmf cf nosljm cf wdjw`f nc`lmlswnsltf cnmi+jghfosld c+nìljwfw in ~vnils cf uwfsnsljm ~v+jddwf if fwtlof uvgilo nvq vnkfw- Incojmofmswnsljm dlkvwf oj``f vm lùjwsnms tjifs cv uwjofv cf `jcfwmlnsljm

nc`lmlswnsltf ~vl n s fmknk cnm of oncwf-

Cf c|djmosljmmf`fms ofwsnlm nuunwnlfms cv dnls ~vf i+nc`lmlswnsljm `nwjonlmf~vl n cjmm vmf lùviljm mjvtfiif in cofmswnilnsljm unw if glnl cf inwkljmnilnsljm tlnms ojmdwfw nvq ujvtjlw ijonvq cf nsswlgvsljm inwklfdjmosljmmf fmojwf cf dnjm sw ofmswnilf-

7-

If uwjofv cf cofmswnilnsljm oaj~vf cf dwjms) nv @nwjo) ntfo in ujvwvlsf cfuwnsl~vf ofmswnilsf nv mltfnv ijoni- Ofin fs unwslovilwf`fms tlcfms ijw~vjmjgfwtf in uwfmof cnkfms ijonvq clkm unw if ujvtjlw ofmswni nvuw cf ivcf ojiifosltls ijonif-

Ifqlsfmof cf uwnsl~vf ofmswnilsf f `nmldfsf jm sjvw unw vm ojmswif cfsvsfiif sw swjls cv ujvtjlw ofmswni vw in ojiifosltls ijonif- Ofssf uwnsl~vf f hvsldlfunw in jlclnms mofls cf uwfwtfw ilmskwls cf isns fs cf nvwfw cv wfufoscf in iknils nv mltfnv ijoni-

?>

> _ninaclmf Gfm \jvfd) Dlsonil ijonif8 Fn cf ilfvq f ufwsufoltfs) Nosf cf hjvwmfcsvcf vw Dlonils fs owjlnmof) Nlf mnsljmnif cf in dlonils) >? f >3 jssjgwf >


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If swnmdfws cf ojùsfmof fs clmswv`fms ncajo cftnms ufw`fsswf cf wnuuwjoafw

if olsj|fm cv mltfnv cf uwlf cf colljm fs vm i`fms ffmslfi cf incofmswnilnsljm fs ojmslsvf vm onmni ufw`fssnms cn`fmfw if |s`f vmf`fliifvwf ~vnils c`jownsl~vf fs vm `fliifvw ctfijuuf`fms ojmj`l~vf fs jolni-

Nvhjvwcavl fmojwf nv @nwjo) if `nm~vf cnvsjmj`lf colljmmfiif fs dlmnmolwf) vmlfnv `nm~vf cf wfjvwof av`nlmf ~vnildlf ojmslsvfms vm jgsnoif ujvw inwnilnsljm cf of jghfosld- Ofin uwjtj~vf knif`fms vmf ufwsf cf iklsl`ls cf

ojiifosltls ijonif `nwjonlmf nvq |fvq cf ijulmljm uvgil~vf fs n`mf vmflsvnsljm wfiif`fms unwncjqnif uvl~vf if uwjofv cfcofmswnilnsljm f cwjvifcnm vm oil`ns cf clmsws owjlnms cf in ujuvinsljm ujvw if nddnlwf ijonif-

In wfuwfmsnsltls ujilsl~vf cf ojiifosltls ijonif fiif``f fm swjvtf `fmnof-In ujuvinsljm ijonif `nmldfsf vm ofwsnlm òjmsfmsf`fms fmtfw if iv ijonvq fm

if lcfmsldlnms oj``f fvi wfujmngif fs fiif ufwjls clddlolif`fms in clddwfmoffmswf ifquwfljm cf iv ijonvq fs ifquwfljm cv ujvtjlw ofmswni-

In lsvnsljm fs fmojwf nkkwntf fm wnljm cf in dnlgif unwslolunsljm clwfosf cf inujuvinsljm cnm in kfsljm ijonif- In wfinsljm fmswf cofmswnilnsljm fs unwslolunsljmfs vmf wfinsljm lmsfwcufmcnmsf fs |`gljsl~vf fs of cfvq uwjofv nil`fmsfms`vsvfiif`fms- In unwslolunsljm olsj|fmmf fs vm ònml`f cf dffcgnob mofnlwf

in uwjuwf nosljm `vmlolunif cnm in `fvwf j fiif ufw`fs cf wujmcwf cf dnjmuwolf nvq gfjlm wfi cf in ujuvinsljm-

?7


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Cf sjvsf dnjm) vmf uiv kwnmcf unwslolunsljm olsj|fmmf wfmojmswfwnls vm ofwsnlm

mj`gwf cf uwjgi`f unw`l if~vfi jms ufvs olsfw ingfmof cf oncwf iklinsldncnus) ingfmof cf `nhjwls sngif nv flm cf ojmfli `vmlolunvq fs in `dlnmofclddvf fmtfw if iv ijonvq fs if nosfvw cv `jmcf njolnsld ojmlcw oj``fcf ojmovwwfms ujilsl~vf ujsfmslfi-

In Oanwsf Oj``vmnif !ijl ;1*55, uwsfmc nklw vw of nufos uvl~vfiiffmtlnkf cf dnjm fquilolsf in unwslolunsljm cf olsj|fm fs cf njolnsljm inkfsljm oj``vmnif- Fiif wfojmmnls fm unwslovilfw !nws- ?1 fs 3>, if ojùsfmof cvOjmfli oj``vmni ujvw dntjwlfw in ownsljm cnjolnsljm oj``vmnvsnlwf fm`nslwf cvwgnml`f jv ujvw uwj`jvtjlw fs nlcfw if njolnsljm fs jwknmlnsljmjolnif) ovisvwfiif fs ujwsltf-

Fm of ~vl ojmofwmf if njolnsljm fs in jols oltlif) mjv nlsjm nosvfiif`fms vm twlsngif oanmkf`fms cf lcf fs cf ufwufosltf) unnms cf in owlsl~vf fs cfijuujlsljm nvq lmslsvsljm uvgil~vf incjusljm cvmf ufwufosltf cf ojiingjwnsljmfs cnuuvl- O ~vjl if ujvtjlw uvgilo ofmswni n wujmcv fm ojmocnms cf uiv inwkffunof cf wfuwfmsnsltls jv clmsfwtfmsljm cf in jols oltlif- ILmlslnsltfMnsljmnif ujvw fi Ctfijuuf`fms Av`nlm !LMCA, fs vm gjm fqfùif cnm of fm-

Cf mj`gwfvf ~vfsljm wfinsltf nv oncwf kmwni fs nv ojmsfqsf csfw`lm unw ifkjvtfwmf`fms ijonvq kwof in cofmswnilnsljm fs ifqfwolof cvmf ujilsl~vf cfuwjql`ls) fwjms colltf ijw~vli nklwn clmsfwtfmlw fm sngilnms if ujilsl~vf fsif nosljm uwsfmcnms nìljwfw ofssf lsvnsljm-

??


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6- Vm oncwf cf wdwfmof ujvw kvlcfw vm uwjofv

cf uwj`jsljm cf in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof nv mltfnvijoni-

6->-If a|ujsaf cf in c`nwoaf 8 Unfw cf in sajwlf inosljm-

If oncwf cf wdwfmof uwjuj unw UWJKJI mfs un vmf ojmswvosljm sajwl~vf- Lin s ingjw fs nuuil~v fquwl`fmsnif`fms fs cf dnjm unwslolunsltf) o+fsclwf~vf sjv if nosfvw l`uil~v cnm if clddwfmsf cl`fmljm cv `jcif jms cunwslolufw cf dnjm nosltf fs oj`uwafmltf ifmf`gif cv uwjofv-

Vmf cf a|ujsaf `sajcjijkl~vf cv uwjhfs fs ~vf ujvw clujfw cf gjmmfkjvtfwmnmof fs cf gjmmf kfsljm ijonif) li mf vddls un cf djw`fw if nosfvw ijonvq!if cjsnms clmswv`fms fs cf `sajcf,- Li dnvs knif`fms cjsfw if lmslsvsljmijonif fs if jwknmlnsljm oltl~vf cvm `jcif jv cvm oncwf cf wdwfmof glfmsngil fs noslt- Of oncwf cftnms djmosljmmfw nvcfi cf ufwjmmf fqfwnms cfoanwkf uvgil~vf jv clwlkfnms cf jwknmlnsljm oj``vmnvsnlwf vm `j`fmscjmm-

Of `jcif) vmf djl fquwl`fms !fs ojwwlk, fwn sngil oj``f vmf wkif jv vmojcf cf gjm kjvtfwmf`fms ) oj``f vmf mjw`f cf ~vnils fs li ujvwwn swfnuuwjvt oj``f wdwfmof unw cnvswf oj``vmf cv un|-

?3


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6-7-If unwojvw fs ilslmwnlwf cnuuilonsljm cv `jcif jv

oncwf cf wdwfmofIn swnsklf cf UWJKJI ojmlsf cngjwc ingjwfw) nuuil~vfw fs tnilcfw cf dnjmunwslolunsltf) fmvlsf) vm @JCIF jv ONCWF CF WDWFMOF CF IN GJMMFKJVTFWMNMOF IJONIF cnm if oj``vmf unwslolunmsf- Of uwjofv cftwnlsngjvslw vm `jcif nuuil~v cnm if ~vnswf oj``vmf unwslolunmsf- Ujvw jgsfmlwinuuilonsljm cv `jcif) jms mofnlwf 8

>- Isngilf`fms cvm `jcif ojmofusvfi fs `sajcjijkl~vf) noofus fs tnilcunw if uwlmolunif nvsjwls `vmlolunif fs ~vl fwtlwnls cf oncwf cfwdwfmof !a|ujsaf, oj``f swnsklf cf oanmkf`fms lmslsvsljmmfi- Ifojmofus cf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof fs cdlml oj``f i+ncjusljm cf uwnsl~vf) cfuwjoc fs i+vslilnsljm c+lmswv`fms ~vl nvwfms vmf `nmlwf cf kjvtfwmfw gn

vw in unwslolunsljm olsj|fmmf fs if unwsfmnwlns ujvw in uwlf cf colljm) inswnmunwfmof) in wfujmnglils fs in wfcclsljm cf ojùsf cf uwnsl~vf cfkjvtfwmf`fms fm dnof cf in jols oltlif) i+noojùilf`fms cf cwjls fsc+jgilknsljm) i+~vls cf ujilsl~vf) i+fqfwolof cv ifncfwalu swnmdjw`nsfvw fsi+noojùilf`fms cf in ijl-

Of ojùjnms cf in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof cftwjms) ifvw sjvw) swf jvsfmv cf

dnjm fddlonof fs fddlolfmsf ~vf of jls cnm if oncwf cf uwnsl~vf uvgil~vf) cf inkfsljm fs cf in uinmldlonsljm- Li fwn cjmo mofnlwf ~vf if unwsfmnlwf cv uwjhfsunwsnkfms vmf ``f ojmofusljm cf in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof-

?6


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7- In wnilnsljm cvm clnkmjslo wnulcf !C-W-, vw in lsvnsljm cf tnwlngifoi cf

in kjvtfwmnmof ijonif- Wnil c+vmf `nmlwf unwslolunsltf i+lmswlfvw cf inswvosvwf `vmlolunif) of clnkmjslo cjls ufw`fsswf cf ojmmnswf i+sns cnm if~vfi fswjvtfms clddwfms ojùjnms cf in kjvtfwmnmof cdlml cnm in ojmofusvnilnsljm-Of clnkmjslo ufw`fsswn cf cdlmlw if lmclonsfvw ~vl `fvwfms if cdlols fs ifil`lsf cf i+sns cf in kjvtfwmnmof cnm oan~vf oj``vmf-?- In ojmswvosljm cdlmlsltf cv `jcif nuuil~vfw) ntfo if lmclonsfvw cfwdwfmof) if uwjocvwf fs if uwjsjojif cf soaf cftnms swf nuuil~v-Of

`jcif cjls sngilw if lmclonsfvw nìljwfw fs if uwjoc mofnlwf ujvwnssflmcwf if jghfosld cf in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof- Ujvw ofin) jm sngilwn vmf`sajcjijklf fs ~vfi~vf uwjoc juwnsld ndlm clmswjcvlwf if oanmkf`fmsmofnlwf nv flm cf oan~vf oj``vmf) fs cnm if wfinsljm cf in oj``vmf ntfoc+nvswf nosfvw lmslsvsljmmfi fs cf in jols oltli-

3- If uwjofv cnuuilonsljm uwnsl~vf cf `fvwf cv `jcif tlnms nìljwfw in

kjvtfwmnmof cnm if oj``vmf f cwjvifwn fm djmosljm cf uwjocvwf fs cfsoaf uwcsfw`lmf- Fm djmosljm cf uwjoc sngil nv ojvw cf isnufuwocfmsf) oan~vf oj``vmf ngjwcfwn if oanmkf`fms lmswjcvlwf nv flm ``fcf jm lmslsvsljm) fm lmlsnms vw if nufos cf in kjvtfwmnmof clnkmjsl~voj``f snms unwslovilwf`fms cdlolsnlwf-

6- Iingjwnsljm fs inhvsf`fms cvm |s`f ufw`nmfms fs ojmslmv

cjgfwtnsljm) cf `jmlsjwlmk fs ctnivnsljm cv `jcifOfs lslmwnlwf ufvs swf tlvnil cnm if clnkwn``f vltnms8

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Uwj`jsljm cf in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof ijonif

Noltnljm cvm `jcif cf gjmmf k jvtfwmnmof cnms ifs

oj``vmfs

Jghfold8 Ifs oj``v mfs ojmofwmfsclsujsfm cf mjw`fs) cf uwjocvwfs f cfuwnl~vfs cf gjm mf kjvtfwmnmof n in dlm cv

uwjhf-

Llmwnlwf

Cdlmlljm cvm`jcif ojmofuvfi

cf gjmmfkjvtfwmnmof ijonif

Nmni|sf cf inslvnljm cf in

kjvtfwmnmof cnmsoan~vf oj``vmf

ngilssf`fm cfslmclonfvws

cjghfolds ujvwnflmcwf in gjmmf

kjvtfwmnmof

Uwj`jvtjlw vmfswnklf f cfs

noljms ujvwnìljwfw ifslmclonfvws fincjuljm cf

uwnl~vfs cf gj mmfkjvtfwmnmofOjùjsnms cf in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof-

-Wfinljms ntfo in sjol oltlif

- Ufwdjw`nmof lmslvljmmfiif

- Fmjvwnkf lmslvljmmfi

Jgsfwtnjlwf f svltl ufw`nmfmcf in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof

Ujvw nssflmcwf vm gvs cf of onilgwf) if uwjhfs uwjujf vm nùif uwjofvc+lùilonsljm fs cfmknkf`fms fmswf if lmslsvsljm ojmofwmf- If `jcif!i+fmf`gif cf uwjoc fs cf uwnsl~vf ~vl nìljwfms lkmldlonsltf`fms in

kjvtfwmnmof ijonif, vuujf vm uwjofv ~vf mjv wv`jm fmvlsf 8

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If uwjofv c+nuuilonsljm fs c+sngilf`fms cf mjw`f fs cf uwjoc cf gjmmf

kjvtfwmnmof) mf f wnilf un cf dnjm l``clnsf fs ufw`nmfmsf- Li cjls swfnoojùnkm cnm if sfù fs of) unw fqfùif) kwof nv ojmswif cf in wlmswjcvosljmcf uwnsl~vf cf `nvtnlf kjvtfwmnmof) dwvls cf lmfwslf fs cf anglsvcfno~vlf- O+fs ujvw~vjl li fs mofnlwf cfmkfmcwfw cf |s`f cf vltl)c+jgfwtnsljm fs clmswjcvosljm cf fvwf ojwwfosltf-

I+lslmwnlwf cnuuilonsljm c+vm `jcif jv cf mjw`f cf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof uwjuj

ojmslsvf knif`fms vm uwjofv c+nuuwfmslnkf lmsfwnosld- Li mf +nkls unc+nuuil~vfw vm un~vfs c+jvsli uwsngil in swvosvwf `vmlolunif- If uwjofv fs in djl vm lslmwnlwf cf uwjcvosljm cf ojmmnlnmof) c+ncnusnsljm fs cf oanmkf`fmscf fmsnils-

Wnuufijm ~vf if uwjofv kwof nv~vfi jm sngils vmf mjw`f cf gjmmf

kjvtfwmnmof mf ojmofwmf un fvif`fms in swvosvwf `vmlolunif) onw li vuujfi+lùilonsljm c+nosfvw cf in jols oltlif) cf kjvtfwmf`fms wkljmnvq) cfvmltfwls) fso-) o+fsclwf cf sjvsf if unwslf ~vl ojmslsvfms if mjvtfnvqwfnvq cf in kjvtfwmnmof-

Ujvw nvwfw cf ifqovsljm cf snuf tlnms i+sngilf`fms fs inosltnsljm c+vm`jcif cf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof ijonif ~vl jms mv`wf lol) if oj``vmf ujvwwjms

ojùsfw vw if jvslfm sfoaml~vf fs fqufws cf ufwjmmfi ~vnildl ~vl uwjujfwjms cf`sajcf fs cf uwjoc fm wfinsljm ntfo if uwjhfs-

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>- Ojmofuvnilsnljmcv s|s`f cf gjmmf

kjvtfwmnmof ijonif-Cdlmlljm cfslmclonfvws

7- Nmni|sf cf slvnljmcfs lmclonfvws oan~vfoj``vmf-Nmni|sf in iv`lwf cvmsnmcnwc cf gjmmfkjvtfwmnmof !ujlm cfwdwfmof, Li dnv ojmmnwfifs `nm~vfs f ifs njvsfqlsnms

?- ngilw ifs gvs nflmcwf) fm djmoljm cfoan~vf lmclonfvw f

ujvw ifmsf`gif cvs|s`f tlsnm n`iljwfw in gjmmfkjvtfwmnmof ijonif- Lidnv cfw`lmfw indnlsnglil cv uwjhf fngilw if cfkwcfmknkf`fm sfijm ifsoanmkf`fms lmwjcvlwf

3- Uinm cnoljm- Ifsuwjocvwfs f ifsnoljms n `fwf fmuinof ujvw noltfw if

`jcif f jgfmlw ifsgvs ngils- Li dnvngilw ifswfsujmsngifs cfoanovm cfs jghfolds) ifonifmcwlfw f ifs`jcnils cf svltl fojmwif

6- tnivnljm ftnilcnljm cfinuuilonljm cv `jcif-Itnivnljm cjl sfwtlwujvw uwfmcwf cf mjvtfiifscolsljms f ujvw ngilwifs `onmls`fs

ufw`nmfms cf ojmwif fcf svltl

Ifs nufs cnuuilonljm cv `jcif cf Gjmmf Kjvtfwmnmof Ijonif

?

Cl`fmljm fs tnwlngif cf in kjvtfwmnmof ijonif


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Wfinsljm ntfo cf nosfvwuwlt fs jolnvq

Unwslolunsljm cf jwknmlnsljm jolnif fsojmj`l~vf n cf jghfosld ojiifosld

Ojiingjwnsljm ntfo in `vmlolunilsSwnmunwfmof cf in kfsljmuvgil~vf ijonif

Oinws cf wkif cv hfv cf uwjocvwf cfkfsljm

Fqlsfmof cf ònml`f cf ojmswif Mltfnvq cf ojwwvusljm

Onunolsnsljm cf

djmosljmmnlwf

Djmosljmmnlwf sfoaml~vf`fms djw`

Owlswf cf ifosljm Fqlsfmof cvm |s`f cf `wlsjownslf Ojmslmvls cf oafd cf fwtlof

^vnils cf in gvwfnvownslf @onml`f cnssfmsljm nvq olsj|fm Onunols sfoaml~vf ujvw in uwfsnsljm cf

fwtlof

Fddlolfmof cnm ivslilnsljm cf wfjvwof

uvgil~vfOnunols cf djw`vinsljm cfuinm fs uwjkwn``f

Onunols dlmnmolwf ujvw in djw`vinsljm cfuinm-

Fqlsfmof cf djmosljmmnlwf djwÒnunols cf ojmswif fs vltlcf in uinmldlonsljm

Fqlsfmof fs ufwdjw`nmof cf |s`f cfojmswif fs vltl

Fqlsfmof cf djmosljmmnlwf djw`

@fvwf cf lùnos cf uinm fs uwjkwn``fOnunols cf `lf fm uinof cfuinm fs uwjkwn``f

@jcnils cf uwlf cf colljm Mltfnvq cf ojmvisnsljm ujvw in uwlf cf

colljm

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;- If clnkmjslo- If lmclonsfvw fs if jvwof cf

twldlonsljm

If clnkmjslo fs vm `j`fms oi cv uwjofv- Li cjls ufw`fsswf nvq `vmlolunils fsnvq nvswf nosfvw cv sfwwlsjlwf cf clujfw cvmf tvf cfmf`gif cf in lsvnsljm cfin kjvtfwmnmof cnm if oj``vmf- If clnkmjslo cjls ufw`fsswf 8

3 Ilcfmsldlonsljm cvmf wlf cf tnwlngif jv cf dnosfvw ojùjnms inkjvtfwmnmof ijonif)

3 In cdlmlsljm clmclonsfvw ufw`fssnms vmf ojmmnlnmof nuuwjdjmclfcf in lsvnsljm

3 Inmni|f cf in lsvnsljm cf oan~vf tnwlngif unwslw cf lmclonsfvwsngil-

3 Ilùinmsnsljm cf swnsklf cnìljwnsljm cf cj`nlmf ~vluwfmsfms vmf `nvtnlf kjvtfwmnmof-

Fm of ~vl ojmofwmf UWJKJI) if jvwof clmdjw`nsljm cv clnkmjslo jms s cltfwf-Li n) fm kmwni) s ujlgif cjgsfmlw ilmdjw`nsljm mofnlwf ujvw csfw`lmfw inlsvnsljm wfiif cf tnwlngif ~vl ojùjfms in kjvtfwmnmof ijonif-Oj``fms if clnkmjslo nsli s wnil:

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If uwf`lfw un ojmlsf cowlwf fs uwfmsfw if i`fms if uiv lùjwsnms cv

ojmsfqsf) ofsclwf) wfovfliilw cf ilmdjw`nsljm vw if lmslsvsljm ijonif nv@nwjo) ifvw mjw`f) if jgsnoif fs if cdl- Inìljwnsljm cf in kjvtfwmnmof Snmkfw fs Ssjvnm mf cufmc un fqoivltf`fms cf ujilsl~vf ctfijuuf unw ifcfvq tliif) `nl nvl cf uivlfvw dnosfvw cv ojmsfqsf lmslsvsljmmfi fs joljojmj`l~vf- Ofvqol jms ch s uwfms cnm in uwf`lwf unwslf cf of cjov`fmsfs cjltfms swf sfmv fm ojùsf ujvw ojùisfw if clnkmjslo-

If fm~vsf fs if fmswfslfm ntfo if clddwfmsf ufwjmmf ilf in kjvtfwmnmofijonif jms ojmslsv in uwlmolunif jvwof clmdjw`nsljm- If kwjvuf cf ufwjmmfjv`l ofssf fm~vsf fs ojùj cf in dnjm vltnmsf 8

>5 wfuwfmsnms iv cf cfvq oj``vmf !6 cf oan~vf tliif,

35& cf iv lmsfwtlf{ jms cf tlofuwlcfms-75& wfuwfmsf ijuujlsljm-7 jms coinw swf cvmf unws uwlcfms cf in oj``lljm cf nddnlwf jolnif)ojmj`l~vf fs ovisvwfiif fs) cnvswf unws) `f`gwf cf ofssf oj``lljm-In `nhjwls cf iv fs lvf cv `lilfv fmflkmnmsIn `nhjwls cf iv n knif`fms coinw ntjlw vmf fquwlfmof njolnsltf fm snms

~vf wfujmngif cnjolnsljm) cf ojjuwnsltf jv oj``f lùif `f`gwf fstjijmsnlwf

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>> `f`gwf cnjolnsljm ijonif !; Ssjvnm) 3 Snmkfw,

In `nhjwls cf njolnsljm nvq~vfiif nuunwslfmmfms if ufwjmmf lmsfwtlf{f ns owf uwjkwfltf`fms cfuvl if `lilfv cf nmmf 5 nm !15&,) `nl li jms nv` cnvswf wfujmnglils nv flmcf in oj``vmf cnm cnvswf fwtlof jv cnm cnvswf nc`lmlswnsljm !Fcvonsljmmnsljmnif, jv cnm if fosfvw uwlt-

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6 djmosljmmnlwf wfiftnms cf nvsjwls ijonif fs uwjtlmolnif

Of jvkwjvuf fs ojmslsv unw cf wfuwfmsnms cf cltfwf ciknsljm`lmlswlfiif !fwtlof fqswlfvw cf iFsns,- In cnsf cl`uinmsnsljm cf ofciknsljm joliif fmswf >


47/123

Ojmslsv cnm oanovmf cf cfvq oj``vmf) in djmosljm cf of Kwjvuf fs cfclwlkfw fs cf `fsswf fm uinof i+nuuilonsljm cf `fvwf ojmtfmvf- Of Kwjvuf jmsoojùj cf djmosljmmnlwf fs civ cf oanovmf cf cfvq oj``vmf nlml ~vf cf`f`gwf c+N-C-F-I-@-N- fs cf Uwj|fosj Ijoni- Ujmosvfiif`fms) if K-S- djms unwslolufwcf ifncfw cf in oj``vmnvs !njolnsljm) mjsn``fms,) cf wfuwfmsnms cffwtlof fqsfwlfvw cf isns fs cf i+Vmltfwls-

If Kwjvuf cf Swntnli) ujvw no~vlssfw cf ifvw `lljm) uwjocfwjms

|s`nsl~vf`fms 8

>- Vmf ojmofusvnilnsljm lmlslnif cf in kjvtfwmnmof cnm oanovmf cf oj``vmffs vmf cdlmlsljm cf i`fmsoi cf in kjvtfwmnmof ijonif fs cv |s`fcnm jm fmf`gif-

7- Vmf uwf`lwf ifosvwf cf lmclonsfvw cf `fvwf ujsfmslfi cf in kjvtfwmnmof)in cdlmlsljm fs if oajlq cf ofvq ~vl dfwjms jghfs cf isvcf cv clnkmjslo fsunwsnms cf ilmsfwtfmsljm-

?- Vm clnkmjslo lmsfwmf*fqsfwmf vw i+sns cf in lsvnsljm cf in kjvtfwmnmof cnmoan~vf oj``vmf-

3- Vmf cdlmlsljm cf jghfosld dlqfw ujvw nìljwfw in kjvtfwmnmof nv mltfnvcf clddwfms lmclonsfvw cdlolfms-

6- I+nuuilonsljm cf uwjocvwf ingjwf tlnms i+nìljwnsljm cf in

kjvtfwmnmof ifoafiif cf i`fms fs lmclonsfvw ifosljmm-4- Vmf tnivnsljm fs vmf |s`nslnsljm cf i+nuuilonsljm cf `fvwf fs ifvw

cl`lmnsljm oj``f fmflkmf`fms no~vl -

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Nv cunws) of Kwjvuf cf Swntnli) vmf djl ojmslsv) jms ofm wnilfw vmfuwf`lwf ifosvwf unwsnkf cf i+sns cf in kjvtfwmnmof ijonif cnm ifvwoj``vmf fs cdlmlw if i`fms !tnwlngif, ~vl fwjms i+jghfs c+vmf nssfmsljmunwslovilwf-

If Kwjvu cf Swntnli jms nwwlt) fddfosltf`fms) sngilw vm ojmfmv vw ofi`fms ~vl fwjms ngjwc ijw cf sjvs if uwjofv tlnms sngilw nlml vm oncwfcf wdwfmof ujvw i+nuuilonsljm cv

uwjhfs cnm if cfvq oj``vmf-

Li dnvs knif`fms jvilkmfw if dnls~vf) ujvw sngilw if tnwnlgif fsifvw lmclonsfvw) li fs mofnlwfcf clujfw c+vm _snmcnwc cf^vnils jv c+vmf tnifvw cfwdwfmof cf ofs i`fms- O+fsclwf oj``fms cftwnls swf' ofslmclonsfvw cnm vmf lsvnsljm cfgjmmf kjvtfwmnmof- Ofin ufw`fsswnnlml cf oj`unwfw fm f gnnms vwif clnkmjslo in clddwfmof jv in

clsnmof fqlsnmsf fmswf in lsvnsljmnosvfiif fs in lsvnsljm clwf-

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Cf sjvsf dnjm) inìljwnsljm cf in kfsljm `vmlolunif cnm if fm cvmf gjmmfkjvtfwmnmof) inmni|f nuuwjdjmclf cjgsnoif fs cf ujsfmslnils) fs) fm j``f)ilùinmsnsljm cf `fvwf cnìljwnsljm cf in uwnsl~vf lmslsvsljmmfiif fs cf inkjvtfwmnmof fqlkfms vm uwjofv ufw`nmfms cnmni|f fs cjgfwtnsljm cfuwlmolunif tnwlngif fs lmclonsfvw ~vl ojùjfms in kjvtfwmnmof ijonif- Li mf nklscjmo un cfddfosvfw vmf kwnmcf fm~vsf) cfmf fs csnliif) `nl uivss cnmni|fw)vltnms cf `sajcf unwslolunsltf) if i`fms if uiv lùjwsnms cf inkjvtfwmnmof ijonif) fs ofin cf dnjm ufw`nmfmsf) fm wfuwnms if oanmkf`fms ~vl

jms fv ilfv-

Inmni|f fs swvosvwf nvsjvw cf ofwsnlm cj`nlmf oi cf in kjvtfwmnmof- Cnmilmswjcvosljm cf of cjov`fms) li n ch s uwol ~vf of cj`nlmf ojùwfmmfms ifvw sjvw clddwfmsf tnwlngif2 of jms ofiifol ~vli ojmtlfms cnmni|fw fs cf twldlfwin lsvnsljm cnm isns nosvfi cf in kfsljm oj``vmnif-

If wdifqljm fs if oanmkf fddfosv nv flm cf K-S-) ntnms cfmsn`fw ifclnkmjslo) inlfms nuunwnlswf if cl`fmljm fs if tnwlngif cf in kjvtfwmnmofijonif jv djw`f cf sngifnv) oj``f vls8

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Ofs nlml ~vf if oajlq fddfosv n wfsfmv if ~vnswf cl`fmljm vltnmsf8

>- Djmosljm fs wif cf wfuwfmsnms iv7- Swnmunwfmof fs iknils?- Unwslolunsljm fs ntl cf olsj|fm3- Onunols cf kfsljm

Of cjov`fms mf uwfmsf un ilmdjw`nsljm csnliif fijm if mj`gwf cf wujmf

jgsfmvf unw if fm~vsf) nl wfinsf if uwlmolunif ojmoivljm |s`nslf-

>- UWF@LWF CL@FM_LJM8 DJMOSLJM_ FS WIF_ CF_ IV_

If tnwlngif jv i`fms nmni| cnm ofssf cl`fmljm jms if vltnms8

>->- If cwjls ilmdjw`nsljm

If cwjls ilmdjw`nsljm ufw`fs cf `lfvq oj`uwfmcwf in uinof cf iv cnm if|s`f clmdjw`nsljm cf in oj``vmf- Li dnvs nmni|fw lol if tjlf cf clswlgvsljm jvcf kmwnilnsljm cf ilmdjw`nsljm unw`l if iv- 45 & cf iv lmsfwtlf{

ojmdlw`fms) fm fddfs) ifqlsfmof cvm |s`f clmdjw`nsljm) `nl unwniiif`fms) 35& coinwfms ~vf ofivlol mf f `fs fm `nwoaf ~vf vw cf`nmcf fquwff cv cuvs-Fm dnls) if cwjls swf lmdjw` mfs un knwnmsl cf dnjm ojmslmvf fs |s`nsl~vf-

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If tjlf clmdjw`nsljm jms if uiv jvtfms lmdjw`fiif- Fm kmwni) li mf wfjltfmsun if nosf jv uwjo tfwgnvq cf wvmljm- In tjlf in uiv dw~vfmsf fs ofiif cvsiuajmf- Fm of ~vl ojmofwmf in ~vnils cf ilmdjw`nsljm) ingfmof cf tjlf djw`fiiffs sngilf wcvls jvtfms n ujwsf fs owclglils-

Vmf nvswf cl`fmljm lùjwsnmsf cv cwjls ilmdjw`nsljm fs inoo cf iv nvqcjlfw vw if nosltls cf in oj``vmf- 15 & cf lmsfwtlf{ nvwfms ntjlwjiilols nv `jlm vmf djl in ojmvisnsljm cvm cjlfw- @nl inoo nvq cjlfw mfs

un |s`nsl~vf) fs nvovm cf lmsfwtlf{ mn uv ojmvisfw in sjsnils cf cjlfwcf`nmc-

35 & cf iv lmsfwtlf{ jms cf clddlovis ujvw ojùwfmcwf if cjlfw- Li nklsvwsjvs cf clddlovis sfoaml~vf fs hvwlcl~vf- Ofufmcnms ;5 & ojmlcwfms ~vlifqlsf cf `j|fm ufw`fssnms cnìljwfw in ojùwafmljm cf cjlfw 8 of`j|fm jms nvw unw if oncwf sfoaml~vf cf oj``vmf wfujmngif cfclddwfms cjlfw-

Fm sjvs on) li mfqlsf un cf fwtlof uoldl~vf ujvw nlcfw if iv `lfvqnuuwafmcfw if cjlfw cf in oj``vmf-

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>-7- If cwjls in djw`nsljm

Sjv if wfuwfmsnms iv lmsfwtlf{ nvwfms ntjlw gfjlm cf djw`nsljm- 15 & jmsch fquwl` of gfjlm ijw cf nmof cv ojmfli oj``vmni- Li cf`nmcfms vmfdjw`nsljm cnm uivlfvw cj`nlmf8 kfsljm oj``vmnif) fquwlfmof cnvswf un|)cwjls oj``vmni !ijl `vmlolunif,) ujilsl~vf jolnif) cvonsltf fs unwsfmnwlns ntfocnvswf nosfvw---

?5 & cf lmsfwtlf{ wfojmmnlfms ifqlsfmof cvm uinm cf djw`nsljm cfwfuwfmsnms ijonvq) `nl lkmjwfms if gvckfs niijv unw if oj``vmf cf Snmkfw fscf Ssjvnm jv lmcl~vfms ~vli mn un s nddfos vm ujsf gvcksnlwf uwol-

If wfuwfmsnms iv uwjdlsfms jvtfms cf in djw`nsljm ~vjddwfms cnvswfjwknmlnsljm) unw fqfùif) cf snkf jwknml unw cf JMK jv unw in J-D-U-U-S-

Li fqlsf vmf ojmolfmof `nhjwlsnlwf cv gfjlm cf wfuwfmsnms iv cnvk`fmsfw fscnìljwfw ifvw nuslsvcf fs ojùsfmof ujvw fqfwofw ifvw nmcns-

>-?- If cwjls uwjujfw

Ofssf tnwlngif `fvwf if cfkw clùilonsljm cf iv cnm if uwjujlsljm fs ifcolljm cf in oj``vmf- Ofin ojmofwmf in mnsvwf cf in unwslolunsljm cfwfuwfmsnms nvq nmof cf in oj``vmf-

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Sjv if wfuwfmsnms lmsfwtlf{ coinwfms ntjlw uwfms cf uwjujlsljm lmoivwf cnm ijwcwf cv hjvw cf nmof) `nl fvif`fms 35 & jms tv ifvwuwjujlsljm | dlkvwfw-

Jm ufwjls) cf ``f) i+fqfwolof cv cwjls uwjujfw wfinsld in ujlglils cf iv fmswfuwfmcwf cf lmlslnsltf- 45 & cf iv coinwfms ~vf if ojmfli n noofus ifvwlmlslnsltf-

Fm of ~vl ojmofwmf in ujlglils clmswjcvlwf cf n`fmcf`fms nv wkif`fms lmsfwmf)li m| n un cf `jsljm ofs knwc-

^vnms in ~vnils cv cgns lmsfwmf) if iv unwslolufms nvq wvmljm cf clddwfmsfoj``lljm oj``vmnif) `nl ofiifol oanmkfms jvtfms cf cnsf jv jmsvufmcvf-

Jm wfojmmns ~vli | n cf cgns fs jvtfms cf djwsf cltfwkfmof nv flm cfoj``lljm ijw~vli dnvs uwfmcwf cf colljm-

7- CFVQL@F CL@FM_LJM 8 SWNM_UNWFMOF FS IKNILS

Ofssf cl`fmljm fs vm i`fms oi cf in kjvtfwmnmof ijonif- Li ojmofwmf in

owclglils cf ilmslsvsljm dnof nvq nvswf nosfvw) dnof) mjsn``fms in jols oltliffs cf`nmcf in swnmunwfmof cf uwjoc cf kfsljm cf nddnlwf oj``vmnif) inwfujmnglils oafx if iv fs if djmosljmmnlwf fs inuuilonsljm fddfosltf cv oncwfikni fs cf ijl ~vl wklfms inosljm oj``vmnif-

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7->- Cfkw cf swnmunwfmof

Li nkls cf `sajcf) cf uwjoc cnoans fs cf ojcf ojmswinms if `nwoa-_fijm in uivunws cf wfuwfmsnms iv lmsfwtlf{) if ojcf cf ojmswif cnoansfqlsf fs djmosljmmf- ^vnms nvq uwjoc cf kfsljm cf ujilsl~vf cnoans) 35 & cflmsfwtlf{ mlfms ifvw fqlsfmof) snmcl ~vf if 45 & ~vl nddlw`fms ifvw fqlsfmofcoinwfms n ifvw sjvw ~vli mf jms un nuuil~v cnm ifvw sjsnils-

7-7- Uwl`nvs cf in ijl

Ofssf tnwlngif ojmofwmf inuuilonsljm fddfosltf cf in ijl cnm in kfsljm ~vjslclfmmf cfin oj``vmf- In oj``vmf jgfwtfsfiif if colljm hvclolnlwf : Nuuil~vfsfiif inwkif`fmsnsljm cnm in wnilnsljm cf f nosltls :

Sjv if iv lmsfwtlf{ unwsnkfms ijulmljm fijm in~vfiif if oj``vmf cjltfms

jgfwtfw if colljm cf in hvslof- @`f li ntjvfms ~vf gfnvojvu cfmswf fiif mfjms un fmojwf ujvw ilmsnms jgfwtf- @nl if ojmfli f jms fmknk ifnuuil~vfw nikw if clddlovis dlmnmolwf fqlsnmsf-

If `jcnils cnoans vltfms if ojcf ~vl jms uvgil fs if uwjoc jmsnuuil~v- Cf sjvsf dnjm) 35 & f coinwfms lmnsldnls cf `jcnils cf kfsljm

cf uwjoc cnoans-

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^vnms inuuilonsljm cf uwjoc cf`gnvoaf fs cf ojcf fs lmswvosljm cfwfowvsf`fms !anmclonu,) if ufwjmmf fm~vsf lkmnifms ifqlkvs cf wfjvwofgvcksnlwf cf oj``vmf ofs knwc ujvw fquil~vfw in dnlgif jgfwtnmof cf ofwkif`fms-

7-?- Wfujmnglils fs uwlf cf colljm

65 & cf iv lmsfwtlf{ coinwfms ~vf if njolnsljm oltlif mf unwslolufms unnvq colljm- Fm kmwni) if colljm uwlf uwjocfms cf cf`nmcf cf iv fswnwf`fms cnmni|f nuuwjdjmclf cf nddnlwf ojmofwmf) un uiv ~vf cfcf`nmcf jv uwjujlsljm cf in ujuvinsljm-

Fm of ~vl ojmofwmf in wfcclsljm cf ojùsf) li fs uwf~vf lùjlgif clmsfwufiifw ifiv- Li m| n un cf oj``vmlonsljm fmswf if wfuwfmsnms fs if olsj|fm onw if

`j|fm fs if funof `nm~vfms-

?- SWJL_L@F CL@FM_LJM 8 UNWSLOLUNSLJM FS NTL_ CF_ OLSJ\FM_

Ofssf cl`fmljm ojùwfmc cltfw i`fms fs tnwlngif- Of ~vl mjv lmswff lolofs cf ojmmnswf ijwknmlnsljm cf in jols oltlif fs if djmosljmmf`fms cf in tlfnjolnsltf nlml ~vf if ilfm sngil fmswf of njolnsljm fs if oj``vmf-

6;


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?->- Ctfijuuf`fms cf njolnsljm fs jwknmlnsljm cf in jols oltlif

Ijwknmlnsljm cf gnf cf fquwfljm jolnif ufw`fs ifvw unwslolunsljm cnm inkfsljm cf nddnlwf oj``vmnif- If njolnsljm ufvtfms hjvfw if wif cfswnm`fssfvw cf of fquwfljm jolnif-

_fijm if lmdjw`nsljm djvwmlf unw if nvsjwls ijonif cf cfvq tliif) if mj`gwfcnjolnsljm nvk`fmsf cf dnjm ojmslmvf- If njolnsljm lmsfwtlfmmfms cnm cf

fosfvw fs cf nosltls cltfw-

If cfvq oj``vmf ojmnowfms vmf unwslf cv gvckfs `vmloluni in vgtfmsljm cfnjolnsljm-

Jm `nm~vf clmdjw`nsljm vw if mltfnv cf wfojmmnlnmof cf njolnsljm cf in unwscf in ujuvinsljm-

?-7- Wfinsljm fmswf if njolnsljm fs if oj``vmf

Sjvsf if njolnsljm ojmvisf) nvd vmf) jms sngil cf wfinsljm ntfo ifoj``vmf) ``f l cnm in uivunws cf on li nkls cf ilfm joonljmmfi-

61


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75 & cf njolnsljm ojmlcwfms ~vf ifvwwfinsljm ntfo in oj``vmf jms ojmdilosvfiif)fs knif`fms 75 & ojmlcwfms ~vfiif jmscdlolfmsf 2 snmcl ~vf ujvw in `nhjwlswfsnmsf) of wfinsljm jms `nw~vf unw vmfojjuwnsljm `vsvfiif- ^vnswf unw`l if jmxfnjolnsljm ojmvisf ojmcvlfms cf uwjhfsntfo in oj``vmf- Fm kmwni) li nkls cnlcf

`nswlfiif jv cf ofljm cfunof- _fusnjolnsljm uwjdlsfms cnlcf dlmnmolwf jv`nswlfiif-

_fijm if njolnsljm) li m| n un cfojmofwsnsljm ntfo if iv) uvl~vfm kmwni limf nsldjms un ifvw cf`nmcf fs li mfqlsf

un cf |s`f cf oj``vmlonsljm sngil-

Sjvsf if njolnsljm ojmvisf) nvd vmf) nvwfms ~vfiif mjms unclmdjw`nsljm vw if nosltls `vmlolunif- Li m| n un cf wvmljm cf swntnli) ml cfcgns ntfo if olsj|fm-Fm kmwni) li m| n un cf wvmljm ntfo if njolnsljm) fs ijw~vli | fm n) ofs in

cf`nmcf cf uwjuwf njolnsljm- _fvif vmf njolnsljm n coinw ntjlw fv uiv cfclq wvmljm ntfo in oj``vmf) fs ofin cnm if oncwf cf in uwunwnsljm cv uinmcnosltls cf in uwjuwf njolnsljm fs mjm un cf in oj``vmf-

6

I l s s d ls ss s c i g c i i c i c


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If uwf`lfw ojmsns dnls unw ofssf svcf) vw in gnf cf inmni|f cf uinm cfctfijuuf`fms ojmj`l~vf fs jolni) fs ~vf if ojiifosltls jms nvhjvwcavl

clddlolif`fms onungif cntjlw vmf tlljm cf ifvw ntfmlw ufw`fssnms cf dnlwf `fwkfwcf uwjhfs dcwnsfvw- Uivlfvw wnljm kijgnif jms s ntnmof ujvw fquil~vfwofs sns cf dnls 8

Ingfmof cf owlswf clcfmsldlonsljm cf uwjhfs wkljmnvq f`uoafi`fwkfmof cf uwjhfs ujvtnms ntjlw cf wfsj`gf ioafiif cf in ojiifosltls

fs ojmcvls of ~vf if lmtfslf`fms jlfms if uiv jvtfms wunwsl cf`nmlwf ~vlsngif fmswf if clddwfmsf ojiifosltls cvm mltfnv lmdwlfvw !ifgvckfs wkljmni jv uwjtlmolni fs nlml unwsnk fmswf if clddwfmsfoj``vmf,-

Ingfmof cnuuwjoaf ajwlxjmsnif cv ctfijuuf`fms) ~vl dnls ~vf oan~vffosfvw !wjvsf) fnv) nms, fs ufm cf `nmlwf unwf) lmsfwclnms in

tlljm cfmf`gif-

In onunols cf kfsljm cf in oj``vmf f swncvls fm uivlfvw tnwlngif8

3->- Onunols cf uinmldlonsljm fs cnmslolunsljm

Ingfmof cvmf tlljm swnskl~vf !cnm in oj``vmf, oafx iiv fs vmf lcfwovwwfmsf cnm if coinwnsljm cf sfoamlolfm cf in oj``vmf- Fm ojm~vfmof)ofin l`uil~vf ingfmof cf uinmldlonsljm swnskl~vf-

47

Intl uwujmcwnms nv flm cf djmosljmmnlwf fs ~vf in oj``vmf mn ml if `j|fm


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Intl uwujmcwnms nv flm cf djmosljmmnlwf fs ~vf in oj``vmf mn ml if `j|fmml in ovisvwf cf of kfmwf cf swntnli cf uinmldlonsljm fs cnmslolunsljm gn mjsn``fms

vw cf clnkmjslo joljojmj`l~vf fs ujilsl~vf- Ofwsf) ofwsnlm `fmsljmmfms ifwfojvw cf in oj``vmf cf svcf) `nl fijm if gvckfs clujmlgif jv nvuw cfgvwfnvq csvcf- Ufv unw`l fvq coinwfms if wfojvw cf in oj``vmf inojmvisnsljm uvgil~vf) nvq wvmljm cf ojmofwsnsljm jv nvq svcf cf clnkmjslo|s`nsl~vf-

In uivunws unw`l fvq wfojmmnlfms ifqlsfmof cf oncwf cjs cf onunols fm in`nslwf) `nl li fsl`fms ~vli jms `lmjwlsnlwf fs jvfquijls ) fm wnljm cfin dnlgif tjijms cf colcfvw ncjusfw of s|uf cf `nmnkf`fms swnskl~vf-

^vnmc nvq iv) jm nddlw`f wnljm cf 65& ~vf in uinmldlonsljm f dnls fm f gnnmsvw cf svcf !wnilf unw if oncwf cf in oj``vmf jv unw cf gvwfnvqcsvcf,) 75& tj~vfms in sfmvf fm ojùsf cf gfjlm cf in ujuvinsljm) unw

ojmswf 75& fquwl`fms vm ntl clddwfms fm ilnms if uinm fs if uwjkwn``f nvqfqlkfmof cf invsjwls 2 unw fqfùif) if uwjhfs cf in ojwmloaf !Snmkfw,) jv vmonwnoswf cvwkfmof jv unw lmsws ifosjwni fs mjm un fm f gnnms vw vmf svcfcf uwljwls-

3-7- Onunols cf uwjkwn``nsljm fs cf kfsljm nqf vw if wvisns

Li nkls cf ojmoftjlw fs cf `fsswf fm vtwf vmf uwjkwn``nsljm ijonif ojawfmsf fsojmofwsf ufw`fssnms clcfmsldlfw cf uwjhfs cf ctfijuuf`fms cv sfwwlsjlwf cf inoj``vmf fs cf knwnmslw if wvisns-

4?

In cofmswnilnsljm cf in uwjkwn``nsljm ~vl n ojmls fm vmf ciknsljm lùjwsnmsf


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In cofmswnilnsljm cf in uwjkwn``nsljm ~vl n ojmls fm vmf ciknsljm lùjwsnmsfcf uwwjknsltf) csfmvf nv mltfnv ofmswni) nvq ojiifosltls ijonif) wfts cf

ntnmsnkf lùjwsnms 8

>- jvtfwsvwf cfunof in unwslolunsljm ujuvinlwf fs nìljwnsljm cf inswnmunwfmof cf kjvtfwmf`fms ijonvq 2

7- `fliifvwf uwlf fm ojùsf cf gfjlm ijonvq cnm in djw`vinsljm cf ijddwfclmdwnswvosvwf fs cf fwtlof 2

?- lmswjcvosljm cvmf wfiif ojjwclmnsljm fosjwlfiif fs cvmf tlljm ajilsl~vf cvctfijuuf`fms ijoni 23- nìljwnsljm cf in wnulcls fs cf in difqlglils cnm in uwlf cf colljm fs

ifqovsljm cf uwjhfs ijonvq26- vslilnsljm uiv fddlonof cf wfjvwof fqlsnmsf niilf in `jglilnsljm cf

wfjvwof ncclsljmmfiif-

_fijm ijulmljm cf ofwsnlm djmosljmmnlwf) ufv unw`l fvq ujcfms if i`fmsmofnlwf ujvw fqfwofw ofssf onunols cf uwjkwn``nsljmOfin fs c) fijm ifvwujlms cf tvf) nv `nm~vf clmlslnsltf cf in unws cf colcfvw oj``vmnvq ~vlufw`fsswnlfms nvq djmosljmmnlwf cno~vwlw if mjvtfiif sfoaml~vf cf kfsljm)mjsn``fms ofiif nqf vw if wvisns !unw in djw`nsljm ojmslmvf jv cf`lmnlwf jv nvswf,- ^vnms nvq iv) li ntnmofms inwkv`fms cf `nm~vf cf

dlmnmof`fms-

43

@nl fm dnls ino~vllsljm fs in `lf fm vtwf cf ofssf onunols f afvwsf cf


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@nl fm dnls) i no~vllsljm fs in `lf fm vtwf cf ofssf onunols f afvwsf cfjgsnoif) unw`l if~vfi dlkvwfms sjvs cngjwc in dnlgif onunols cf iv fs cf

nc`lmlswnsfvw ijonvq fs ingfmof cf `j|fm dlmnmolfw- Of jgsnoif mf ufvtfmsun swf onws unw in lùif ctjivsljm cf wfujmnglils fs wfjvwof nvqojiifosltls ijonif- If `jvtf`fms cjls swf noojùnkm unw in `lf fm uinof cf`j|fm cnuuvl fs cf vufwtlljm-

3-?- Lmskwnsljm cf itnivnsljm cnm if |s`f cf kfsljm

Ofwsnlm djmosljmmnlwf wfojmmnlfms ifqlsfmof c vm |s`f cf ojmswif) cfvltl fs ctnivnsljm ) cf uinm fs uwjkwn``f uivlfvw mltfnvq 8

- Mltfnv cf nkfms oj``vmnvq oanwk cf ojmswif fs cf vltl) `nl li mf djms~vf cwffw tfwgnif`fms if wnuujws nvq colcfvw) if fvi onungif cf

uwfmcwf cf colljm nc~vnsf- Ofs vm ojmswif ~vli fsl`fms mjmufwdjw`nms

- Mltfnv cf iv ijw cf ifqn`fm cv ojùsf nc`lmlswnsld) `nl li fs wlclovif fijm vm djmosljmmnlwf) uvl~vf if mj|nv cvw cf in oj``vmfnwwltf sjvhjvw lùjfw n ijl

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- Mltfnv cv ojwu cf lmufosljm cv @lmlswf cf Dlmnmof fs cf iLmswlfvw

!L-K-D- fs L-K-N-S-, mf ojmswifms kmwnif`fms if uinm fs if uwjkwn``f)cnm


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WF_V@F FS OJMOIV_LJM_ CV CLNKMJ_SLO CF IN

_LSVNSLJM CF IN KJVTFWMNMOF CNM_ IF_OJ@@VMF_ CF SNMKFW FS CF SFSJVNM

Cnm ofssf unwslf) fwjms wv`f if ojmoivljm if uiv lùjwsnmsf cf inmni|fcf ~vnswf cl`fmljm hvkf uwljwlsnlwf unw if Kwjvuf cf Swntnli cf UWJKJI- Ofwv` lùildlf inmni|f ujvw lcfmsldlfw if i`fms oi vslif ujvw if dvsvwfnosljm cf UWJKJI-

UWF@LWF CL@FM_LJM 8 Djmosljm fs wif cf iv

Uwlmolunif dnlgiff fm of ~vl ojmofwmf in kjvtfwmnmof8

If cwjls ilmdjw`nsljm cf iv mfs un vmf wnils |s`nsl~vf fs

ufw`nmfmsf- Clddlovis cnoo fs cf ojùwafmljm cf cjlfw- Li mfqlsf un vm uinm |s`nsl~vf cf djw`nsljm cf iv-

CFVQL@F CL@FM_LJM8 Swnmunwfmof fs iknils


4;


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Lmfqlsfmof fs dnlgiff cf uwjocvwf cnoans cf in oj``vmf-

If colljm hvclolnlwf ojmofwmnms in oj``vmf mf jms un sjvhjvwjgfwtf-

Il`lsnsljm cf ujlglils clmsfwufiinsljm cf iv fs cf ifvw

cf`nmcfw cf oj`usf-

If njolnsljm oltlif mf ufvtfms un unwslolufw in uwlf cf

colljm-

SWJL_L@F CL@FM_LJM8 Unwslolunsljm fs ntl cf olsj|fm


Li m| n un cf ojmofwsnsljm fmswf if oj``vmf fs if njolnsljm- If njolnsljm mf ojmmnlfms un if nosltls cf oj``vmf-

In uivunws cf iv mf uwfmmfms un fm oj`usf intl cf njolnsljm

cnm in uwlf cf colljm-

Li m| n un cf ojmvisnsljm uvgil~vf uwningif iingjwnsljm cv uinm

cf ctfijuuf`fms cf in oj``vmf-

Li mfqlsf un cf fwtlof oj``vmnvq cfslm in unwslolunsljmolsj|fmmf fs nvq wfinsljm ntfo if njolnsljm-

41

^VNSWL@F CL@FM_LJM8 Onunols cf kfsljm


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^ u k

Uwlmolunif dnlgiff fm of ~vl ojmofwmf in kjvtfwmnmof

If oj``vmf mf `mfms un vmf kfsljm nqf vw if wvisns- If |s`f cf kfsljm mf ojùwfmc un ctnivnsljm- @nm~vf cvmf tlljm cf dvsvw vw if ctfijuuf`fms ijoni-

If clnkmjslo mjv n ufw`l cf cofifw uivlfvw dnlgiff jv cdlols cfkjvtfwmnmof cnm if cfvq oj``vmf- Li mf nkls un cf fvif dnlgifffqlsnmsf- Wnuufijm in ifosljm cf cl`fmljm fs cf tnwlngif fddfosvf nv flmcv kwjvuf- Ijghfosld fs cf lùildlfw fs dnolilsfw inuuilonsljm fquwl`fmsnif cv`jcif cf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof ~vl fwn ingjw cnm if oncwf cv UWJKJI) jvdjw`f cf fvwf |s`nslf-

4- If cwjls ilmdjw`nsljm cfwfuwfmsnms ivmfs un vmf wnils|s`nsl~vf fsufw`nmfmsf-

Lmvddlnmof cfsfqsf wklnms ifswntnli oj``vmni of vhfs-

@nm~vf cfswvosvwf

clmdjw`nsljm fs cfoj``vmlonsljmcfslm nvq iv-

>- If iv cjltfms clujfwcf sjvsf ilmdjw`nsljmmofnlwf ujvw uwfmcwf cfcolljm ojmtfmngif fsujvw swnm`fsswf nvqolsj|fm ilmdjw`nsljmuwolf-

7- Clddlovis cnoofs cf ojùwafmljmcf cjlfw ujvw vmofwsnlm mj`gwfciv-

Dnlgiff cfntjlw fs ntjlwdnlwf fm `nslwf cfkfsljm cfnddnlwf

oj``vmnif oafxofwsnlm iv-

7- In oj``vmf cjls clujfwcvm fwtlof lmsfwmf cnoowkvilfw nvq cjlfw fs cfjvslfm nvq iv ujvwdnolilsfw ifvw ojùwafmljm

;>

?- Ngfmof cvm uinmcf djw`nsljm ujvw nv

@nm~vf cvmfujilsl~vf

?- In oj``vmf cjls clujfwcvm uinm cf djw`nsljm ujvw


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cf djw`nsljm ujvw nv

uwjdls cf iv-

ujilsl~vf

oj``vmnif cfdjw`nsljm cf iv-

c vm uinm cf djw`nsljm ujvw

if iv) nvwfw vm gvckfsnuuwjuwl fs sngilw cfuwjkwn``f nmmvfi vw cfsa`f il in kfsljmoj``vmnif-

SWNM_UNWFMOFFS IKNILS

3- @nm~vf cvmfujilsl~vf cnoans

wfujnms vw vmflcfmsldlonsljmtwlsngif cf gfjlm-

Lmojùnslglilscf noans

fddfosv ntfo ifgfjlm twlsngifcf in oj``vmf-

3- Lùinmsnsljm cf `sajcf ``f cnvwfw cf noans

ojwwfujmcnms nvq gfjlmfs cnuuil~vfw fddfosltf`fmscf uwjoc nvwnms ifvwswnmunwfmof-

6- If colljmhvclolnlwfojmofwmnms inoj``vmf mf jms

un sjvhjvwjgfwtf-

Ov`vi cfcolljm

hvclolnlwf c iawlsnkf cf

cjlfw cfnmolfm ojmfli If fwtlof cvojmsfmslfvq mfsun swvosvwojmtfmngif`fms

6- In oj``vmf jgfwtf ifcolljm hvclolnlwf-

;7

4- Il`lsf cfujlglils ujvw

Lmfqlsfmof cfuwjocvwf

4- Lùinmsnsljm cf ojcf fscf wkif`fms ufw`fssnms


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ujlglils ujvw

lmsfwufiifw if iv fsifvw cf`nmcfw cfojùsf-

uwjocvwf

ufw`fssnms nvqolsj|fm clmsfwufiifwif iv @nm~vf cfunofcf oj``vmlonsljmntfo if iv

cf wkif`fms ufw`fssnms

ilmsfwufiinsljm cf iv fs inwfcclsljm cf ojùsf nvqolsj|fm- Wkif`fmsnsljm cfuwjoc fs uwjsjojif-_fmlglilnsljm cf olsj|fm ifqfwolof cv cwjls woin`fwcf wfcclsljm cf ojùsf-

;- If njolnsljm

oltlif mf ufvtfmsun unwslolufw inuwlf cf colljm-

Ngfmof cf

ònml`f fs cfuwjocvwfufw`fssnms nvqnjolnsljm cfunwslolufw nvuwjofv cf uwlf cfcolljm- Wkmf cf

anglsvcf cfwfinsljm clmswsunwslovilfw-

;- In Oj``vmf lùinmsf

cf ojcf fs cfònml`f ujvw nvwfw incf`nmcf cntl nvqnjolnsljm ojmofwmnms ifcolljm wfinsltf nvctfijuuf`fms ijoni- Ifwfuwfmsnms iv cjltfmsswf uwfms nvq wvmljm

ntfo if njolnsljm ujvwunwslolufw nvq ojmvisnsljmfs nvq cgns-

;?

UNWSLOLUNSLJMFS NTL_ CF_

1- Li m| n un cfojmofwsnsljm fmswf

Lmfqlsfmof cvmfujilsl~vf clùilonsljm

1- In Oj``vmf sngils cftjlf cf ojmofwsnsljm fs cf


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FS NTL_ CF_

OLSJ\FM_

ojmofwsnsljm fmswf

if oj``vmf fs ifnjolnsljm

ujilsl~vf c l`uilonsljm

cf njolnsljm cnmif uwjofv cfojmvisnsljmoj``vmnif- @dlnmof woluwj~vfcf ofwsnlmfnjolnsljm fs ivtltl cf

`jsltnsljm fs cf fsoj`ujwsf`fms cfvm fs cf nvswf-

tjlf cf ojmofwsnsljm fs cf

unwsfmnwlns ntfo if fosfvwnjolnsld ndlm cf cgnsswffs cf noojwcfw vw cfjivsljm oj``vmf nvquwjgi`f cf in tliif- Ifnjolnsljm wfmdjwofms ifvwonunols cf ojmofwsnsljmntfo in Oj``vmf-

5- _f`gingif nv ujlms ;


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u

mf slfms un oj`usfcf intl cfnjolnsljm ujvw inuwlf cf colljm->>- Li m| n un cfojmvisnsljm uvgil~vfuwningif iingjwnsljm cv uinm

cf ctfijuuf`fmscf in oj``vmf

N`glkvs cf iniklinsljm fm `nslwfcf unwslolunsljm cfnjolnsljm

iingjwnsljm cf uinm cfctfijuuf`fms !Fq-nwsloif >6 fs ?4 cf inmjvtfiif OanwsfOj``vmnif, Lmfqlsfmof cfswvosvwf ojmnowfnvq wfinsljm fs inojjwclmnsljm ntfo ifnjolnsljm- Ifvwwfinsljm jms uivssojmdilosvfiif ~vfunwsfmnwlnif-

>>- In Oj``vmf uwunwffs `fs fm `nwoaf vmuwjoc cf unwslolunsljmunw if glnl cf oj``lljm

fs cf wvmljm cntl fs cfcgns ntfo ifnjolnsljm) ujvw ingjwfwif uinm cf ctfijuuf`fmsoj``vmni-

>7- Li mfqlsf un cffwtlof oj``vmnvqcfslm inunwslolunsljm cfolsj|fm fs nvqwfinsljm ntfo ifnjolnsljm-

Cf lmlslnsltfjoonljmmfiif cfojmvisnsljm jwknmlfunw in oj``vmf cjmsifddlonols fsojmsfsf-

>7- In Oj``vmf clujfcvm fwtlof cf uwj`jsljmcf in unwslolunsljm cfolsj|fm fs dntjwlf indjw`nsljm cf `f`gwfcf njolnsljm-

;6

ONUNOLS CFKF_SLJM

>?- If oj``vmfmf `mfms un vmf

In kfsljm nv flm cfin oj``vmf mtjivf

>?- In Oj``vmf cjlsl`uinmsfw cf


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KF_SLJMkfsljm nqf vw ifwvisns-

un cnm if fm cvm`jcif nq vw ifwvisns-

`sajcjijklf fs cfuwjoc cf kfsljm nqfvw if wvisns fs ingjwfwcf lmclonsfvw cf `fvwfcf wvisns fs cjghfosld-

>3- If |s`f cfkfsljm mlmskwf unvddln``fms ifuwjofvctnivnsljm-

Itnivnsljm ujsfwljwl fs in`jcnilsuwcj`lmnmsf-

>3- In Oj``vmf cjlssngilw cf uwjsjojifctnivnsljm ufw`nmfmsfcf nosljm fs cjls uwfmcwfcf colljm vw in gnfcf wvisns cf ofssftnivnsljm- Jm cjls nvwfwin djw`nsljm cfdjmosljmmnlwf fm`sajcjijklf ctnivnsljmfs fmlglilfw if iv ofvhfs-

>6- @nm~vf cvmftlljm cf dvsvw vw ifctfijuuf`fms ijoni-

If Uinm cfctfijuuf`fms ijonifs lmfqlsnms- In Ojjwclmnsljmswnmtfwnif fmswf inoj``vmf fs iffwtlof fqswlfvw cfiFsns fs ~vnl`fmslmfqlsnmsf-

>6- In Oj``vmf ncjusfvmf tlljm cf dvsvw vw ifctfijuuf`fms) unw ifglnl cf uinm kmwnvqujvw if clddwfmscj`nlmf cf ujilsl~vf`vmlolunif fs cvm uinmswnskl~vf ojmofws ntfoif nosfvw ijonvq fs nvswfmltfnvq cv kjvtfwmf`fms-

;4

IF CLNKMJ_SLO8 VM JVSLI CF GN_F UJVW NIIFWTFW_ IN GJMMF KJVTFWMNMOF IJONIF


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TFW_ IN GJMMF KJVTFWMNMOF IJONIF-

If `nswlof uwocfmsf wfuwfmsfms vmf jwsf cf oncwf cf wdwfmof cv uwjhfsUWJKJI mjsn``fms ujvw inuuilonsljm cf `fvwf cf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof cnm ifcfvq oj``vmf-

If ~vlmxf uwjgi`f*dnlgiff jms s lcfmsldl fs li jms if wvisns cf inmni|f

unwslolunsltf wnil nv flm cf Kwjvu cf Swntnli cf oan~vf oj``vmf- _vw in gnfcf of uwjgi`f*dnlgiff) of kwjvuf jms sngil ~vlmxf lmclonsfvw cf in lsvnsljmnosvfiif fs ~vlmxf lmclonsfvw cf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof- Li nkls cf snmcnwc cf~vnils ~vl cjltfms cftfmlw cf ujlms cf wdwfmof ujvw sngilw if jghfosld cf inoj``vmf ndlm cnssflmcwf cf mltfnvq ift cf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof fs) fmojm~vfmof) wcvlwf jv il`lmfw if uwjgi`f*dnlgiff wfuw-

tlcf``fms) if nosljm fs `fvwf fwjms cvmf mnsvwf sw clddwfmsf fijm ifuwjgi`f fm ~vfsljm- Ofwsnlmf cufmcfms cvmf dfw`f tjijms ujilsl~vf cfswnmdjw`nsljm fs cvm ifncfwalu jilcf- Cnm cnvswf on) li nkls uivss cf~vfsljm sfoaml~vf jv cjwknmlnsljm- Fm sjvs on) fiif fqlkfms cv sf`u) cf in`nsvwnsljm) cf in`iljwnsljm cf onunols fs cf swnmdjw`nsljm nuujwsfw ijwknmlnsljm oj``vmnif) of ~vl cf`nmcf nvl vmf swnmdjw`nsljm cf `fmsnils

fs cf nsslsvcf cf djmosljmmnlwf fs cf ujilslolfm-

Cf mj`gwfvf nosljm fqlkfms) ifvw sjvw) cf swnmdjw`nsljm cv ojmsfqsflmslsvsljmmfi) oj``f li n s uwol cnm if oanulswf 7 cf of cjov`fms-

;;

If nosljm jv `fvwf ~vl tlfms ~vf if lmclonsfvw cf `nvtnlf kjvtfwmnmofcftlfmmfms cf lmclonsfvw cf gjmmf


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kjvtfwmnmof) fwjms ingjwf)sngilf fs dntjwlf unw if Kwjvufcf Swntnli cv uwjhfs UWJKJI- Ifnosljm ~vjm cjls !jv jm ufvs, `fmfwcnm oan~vf oj``vmf cjltfms swfsngilf fs clovsf n unwslw cf inwdifqljm fs cv cgns ojmcvls unw if`f`gwf cf Kwjvuf cf Swntnli- In`nswlof cNmni|f cf inKjvtfwmnmof Ijonif ojmslsvfwnijvsli cf gnf ujvw ingjwnsljm cf`fvwf cf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof-

Li mf fwnls un mofnlwfcfmswfuwfmcwf if ~vlmxf nosljm ~vfif clnkmjslo ojmlcwf uwl`jwclnif)`nl jm ufvs sngilw vmf swnsklfcnuuilonsljm uwjkwfltf fijm ifujlglils cf oan~vf oj``vmf- Fm cfwmlfw wfjws) if |s`f cn`iljwnsljm cf inkjvtfwmnmof fs inuuilonsljm cf `fvwf uwtjls vmf nosltls cjgfwtnsljm fsctnivnsljm ufw`nmfmsf cf sjvsf if cl`fmljm) i`fms fs lmclonsfvw cf inkjvtfwmnmof ijonif) nvcfi cv uwjhfs Uwjkji-

;1

Nuw in tnilcnsljm cf of cjov`fms) if uwjoanlm un cf i~vluf cf swntnli ojmlsf cdlmlw if `fvwf jv nosljm if uiv ojmtfmngif ujvw n`iljwfw in kjvtfwmnmof cf


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u u k

in oj``vmf- If sngifnv uwocnms cdlmls if ~vlmxf uwjgi`f jv dnlgiffcofi- Li nkls) cnm in vlsf) cf uwjujfw cf nosljm fs csngilw if uwjoccfqovsljm- Cnm ofssf ufwufosltf UWJKJI uwjujf vmf mjvtfiif @nswlofcJghfosld fs cf @fvwf cf Gjmmf Kjvtfwmnmof- Ofiifol ojmslsvfwn inuwjijmknsljm cf @nswlof cNmni|f cf in Kjvtfwmnmof Ijonif) dwvls cf swntnvq cfclnkmjslo wnil cnm oan~vf oj``vmf cnm if oncwf cv uwjhfs UWJKJI-

;

Li dnvs jvilkmfw ~vf in gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof ijonif fs if wvisns cvm gjm sns fscvmf tjivsljm ujlsltf cf clddwfmsf tnwlngif) jv sjvs nv `jlm cf in uivunws


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cfmswf fiif- Li dnvs mjsfw knif`fms ~vf of ~vl fs lùjwsnms) ofs in dnjm cjmssjvsf of cl`fmljm fs tnwlngif lmsfwnklfms fs lmdivfmofms `vsvfiif`fms-Dlmnif`fms) nìljwfw in kjvtfwmnmof ijonif vuujf vm oanmkf`fms cnmifmf`gif cv |s`f cf in kjvtfwmnmof fs mjm un fvif`fms cnm oanovm cf ofojùjnms-

In @nswlof cNmni|f cf in lsvnsljm cf in Kjvtfwmnmof ngjwcf oan~vfcl`fmljm cf in kjvtfwmnmof fm sfw`f cf dnlgiff cf in lsvnsljm nosvfiif!lcfmsldlonsljm cf uwjgi`f,) clmclonsfvw cf gjmmf kjvtfwmnmof !snmcnwc cf~vnils, fs cf nosljm !`fvwf, `fsswf fm uinof ujvw nssflmcwf vmf gjmmfkjvtfwmnmof !Tjlw if cjov`fms cf clnkmjslo,-

Fiif fs nvl if wvisns cf in swnmdjw`nsljm cf uwjgi`f lcfmsldl fm jivsljm

ujlgif- In `nswlof uwfmsf if clddwfmsf `fvwf `fsswf fm uinof ujvwnìljwfw in kjvtfwmnmof cnm in oj``vmf- Fiif nmni|f n tlnglils fs fmtlnkf ifujlgif lùnos cf in wnilnsljm cf of `fvwf-

In @nswlof cf @fvwf fs Nosljm wfuwfmsf nlml vm twlsngif Sngifnv cf Gjwc ujvw if colcfvw oj``vmnvq- Ofs vm `j|fm ujvw uinmldlfw if `fvwf `fsswffm vtwf ujvw nìljwfw in kjvtfwmnmof nv flm cf in oj``vmf- Ftlcf``fms) linkls cvm oncwf cjwlfmsnsljm- Inuuilonsljm cf of `fvwf ufvs vuujfw vmwn`mnkf`fms ojmhjlmsf`fms ntfo in uinmldlonsljm cf in `lf fm `nwoafuwjkwfltf cf of `fvwf-

17

In `nswlof cf `fvwf fs ojùisf unw cf DLOAF_ sngilf ujvw uinmldlfw fsvltwf ifqovsljm cf oan~vf `fvwf-


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Olcfjv) slswf cfqf`uif) in @nswlof cf @fvwf fs Nosljm cf in tliif cf Snmkfw-

1?

@nswlof cf @fvwf fs NosljmSNMKFW


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_snmcnwc cfgjmmf

kjvtfwmnmof

Nosljm jv`fvwf ujvwnssflmcwf vmf

gjmmfkjvtfwmnmof

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dntjwngif,

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>- Ownljmcvmf

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In clujmlglilscf ilmdjw`nsljm

nlcfwn iiv `lfvq nv`fwfwfujmnglilsfs dntjwlfwn jmlùilonsljm cnmif clddwfmsfnosltls cf inOj``vmf fs

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In clujmlglils cfwfjvwof av`nlmfonungif cfnooj``jcfw fs cfncnusfw nvqnosljm ~vl tlfms ifoanmkf`fms fs

clddwfmsfwtlof _f

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inìljwnsljm cf in~vnils cf in kfsljmoj``vmnif-


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nsswlgvsljmufvtfmsnwslovifwnvsjvw cf inojiifosf) inswnm`lljm fsin clddvljm cflmdjw`nsljm- If `j|fm cfofssf swvosvwf 8ijklsl~vf!gvwfnvq)swnmujws)M-S-L-O-,)wfjvwofav`nlmf 8oajlq cf uwjdli

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Fm snms ~vfojjwclmnsfvw fddfosldcf clddwfms


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clujfw cvmfwtlof lmsfwmfcnoo wkvilfwnvq cjlfw fscnuuvl nvqwfuwfmsnmsiv ujvwdnolilsfw ifvwojùwafmljm-

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lmslsvsljmuvgil~vf fsfwtlof fqswlfvwcf iFsns-

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lmsfwmnsljmni!Nknclw) Onnginmon)Gnwofijmf fsOjwcjvf,

?- Sjvsfoj``vmf cjlsclujfw cvmuinm cfdjw`nsljm ujvwif iv)nvwfw vmgvckfsnuuwjuwl fssngilw cfuwjkwn``f

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ojiifosltls ijonif- In tjijms cf inOj``vmf wfmdjwofw ifonunols cfkfsljm cf iv- In clujmlglils

nmmvfi gnvw cf vhfsil in kfsljm

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JMK) jwknml`fcf ojjuwnsljm!Kjic @nwjo,)

cvmf jddwf cfdjw`nsljmwujmcnms nvq


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oj``vmnif- 7- Uinmldlonsljmcf indjw`nsljm-?-Jwknmlnsljmcf o|oif cfdjw`nsljm-3- Lcfmsldlonsljm cfufwjmmfwfjvwof-6-Lcfmsldlonsljmcfsngilf`fmsvmltfwlsnlwfvofuslgif cf

wujmcwf nvqgfjlm cfdjw`nsljm cfiv-

If uwjdlijvanlsngif cvufwjmmfioanwk cf inkfsljm cf of

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gvwfnvq csvcf)fwtlof fqswlfvwcf iFsns !Fq-N`mnkf`fms cvSfwwlsjlwf,)jwknml`f cfojjuwnsljmcofmswnilf fsnvswf lmslsvsljmlmsfwmnsljmnif-

gfjlm fm `nslwfcf djw`nsljm fm`nmnkf`fmssfwwlsjwlni- Fqlsfmof cvmoncwf hvwlcl~vfdntjwngif nvwfmdjwof`fms cfoj`usfmof fs cfonunols cfkfsljm cf iv-

fqsfwmf-7-Lcfmsldlonsljm

c g


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cf gfjlm?- Wfinsljmuvgil~vf-3- @jcf cfdjw`nsljmcncvisf-

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CL@FM_LJM 7Swnmsun-wfmof fiknil

3- Lùinmsnsljmcf ojcf ujvwnvwfw cf inswnmunwfmofcf noans fsnuuilonsljmfddfosltf cfuwjocnvwnms ofssfswnmunwfmof-

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c s i


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Ojmvisnmsntjons Dnovis cf Cwjls!fm `nslwf cfdjw`nsljm fsfmoncwf`fms,-

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mjsn``fms ofiif


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ojmsfmslfvq unwif glnl cvmfmoncwf`fms fscvmf djw`nsljmnc~vnsf !fm`nslwf cfojmsfmslfvqnc`lmlswnsld fscf uwjocvwf,

ojmvisnsljmhvwlcl~vf 8ojmvisnmsntjons) Dnovis cf Cwjlsmjsn``fmsDjw`nsljm fsfmoncwf`fms

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ijoni fs mnsljmni-

CL@FM_LJM ?Unwlolunljmf ntls cfs

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Ojcf cfunwslolunsljmolsj|fmmf

@vmlolunils cf

ojmswvosltffmswf iv fsolsj|fm-

cf in jols oltlifunw wnuujws nvqsa`f

clmsfwufiinsljm cf


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cf uwjoc fsuwjsjojif-_fmlglilnsljmcf olsj|fmcnm ifqfwolofcv cwjls woin`fw cfwfcclsljm cf

ojùsf-

ingjwfw cfsfiif jcnils ``fcjwknmlfw fsclmslsvsljmmnilfw ofssflmsfwufiinsljm-

@vmlolunils cfGnwofijmf fs@vmlolunils cfOjwcjvf,-

- Jwknmlnsljm cfwfmojmswf ntfo ifJ-M-K- fs ifjwknmlnsljm cfgnf cf olsj|fm

ujvw cgnsswf fs f`fsswf cnoojwcvw if `jcnilsfs if mjw`f ifuiv nuuwjuwlfujvw ilmsfwufiinsljm cf iv-

c lmsfwufiinsljm cfiv fs cfunwslolunsljm inkfsljm ijonif- If clojvw jddlolficf isns `nwjonlmvw ijgilknsljm cflmslsvsljmuvgil~vf wfmcwf

cf ojùsf- In sfmcnmoflmsfwmnsljmnif ncjusfw if uwlmolufcf in c`jownslfunwslolunsltf fs fmuwf`lfw ilfv inwfcclsljm cf

ojùsf nvqolsj|fm cf in unwscf clddwfmsflmslsvsljm)mnsljmnif fs ijonifcnm if un|) fs fmuwf`lfw ilfv) cnmif oj``vmf-

;- If

Oj``vmflùinmsfms vmwkif`fms ujvwnvwfw incf`nmcf cntlnvq

;- Lmkwfw if

uwlmoluf cf inunwlolunljm

olj|fmmf nvq

clsovssljms cfs

wntnvq cfs

oj``lssljms

Jwknmlnsljm cf

wvmljm cfojmvisnsljmntfo ifnjolnsljmnosltf cfclddwfmsfosfvw ujvw

if fquwlfmof cf

Gnwofijmf fs cfOjwcjvf !_fwtlofuolnvq cfslmnvq olsj|fm fsifvw jwknmlnsljm, wfuwfmsfmsvmf jvwof

- Uwlf cf

colljmwnilsf fsfquwl`nms iftwlsngifgfjlm fslmsws cfolsj|fm-

Vm `jvtf`fms

njolnsld cf uiv fmuiv c|mn`l~vfuwjdlsnms cf inunwslolunsljm fsilùilonsljm cfolsj|fm cnm inkfsljm cf ifvw

njolnsljm fmof ~vl ojmofwmfif colljm

~vl nddfosfms if

foaml~vfs

nv sflm cv

wkif`fm

lmfwmf cf in

ntjlw ifvw ntlfs ujlms cf tvfwfinsld nvq

colljm ~vl

clmulwnsljm- Fquwlfmofcnvswf lmslsvsljm

uvgil~vf fm

- Unwslolunsljmolsj|fmmf uivinwkf fs uiv

uwjcvosltf cnm

nddnlwf ijonif- Jvtfwsvwfkwnmclnmsf cf in

oj``vmf vw if


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~vl nddfosfms ifctfijuuf`fms ijoni- Ifwfuwfmsnmsiv cjltfmsswf uwfmsnvq wvmljmdlqf ujvw

unwslolufw nvqojmvisnsljmfs nvq cgns-

lmfwmf cf inOj``vmf

colljm ~vlnddfosfms ifctfijuuf`fmsijoni !Fq-njolnsljm cfdf``f)cfmdnmof)cfmtlwjmmf`fms) cf

anmclonu)uwjdfljmmfiif,- Ojiifosf cntlfs cfuwjujlsljmcnjolnsljmunw cltfw`jcf cfoj``vmlonsljm!ojwwfujmcnmof) fm~vsf)ojvwwlfwifoswjml~vf, If

uwlcfms cfOj``lljm

clujfms cfuwwjknsltf ujvwojmtj~vfw cfwvmljm jv ifwfuwfmsnmscv slvnjolnsld ujvw

uvgil~vf fm`nslwf cfcf`nmcf cntl nvqnjolnsljm!N`mnkf`fms cvSfwwlsjlwf)Uwjkwn``f cfIvssf ojmswf inUnvtwfs,

L-M-C-A- fs ntjonsljm uwj`jvtjlwinuuwjoafunwslolunsltf-

uwjcvosltf cnmif uwjofv cfin uwlf cfcolljm ojmofw

mnms ifctfijuuf`fmsijoni-- Jvtfwsvwf cfiv !fs cf in

oj``vmf, vwif twlsngifuwjoovunsljmcf olsj|fm-

- Nìljwnsljmcf il`nkf cf`nw~vf cf inoj``vmf nvq|fvq cfolsj|fm fs cfnjolnsljm-

-Vmfunwslolunsljmuiv c|mn`l~vffs uiv djwsf cvslv njolnsldcnm in kfsljm

ijonif--@visluilonsljmcf nosljm fslmlslnsltfoj``vmf!oj``vmf njolnsljm, fm

oj``vmf vw if`jmcf njolnsld- In oanwsfoj``vmnif dntjwlfinuuwjoafunwsfmnwlnif !Nwsloif3>,- Ojùjwsf`fms cfuiv fm uiv

dntjwngif cf ivtltl cv wif cfnjolnsljm- If jwknml`f cfojjuwnsljmlmsfwmnsljmnifuinlcfms ujvw vmfunwslolunsljmc`jownsl~vfinwklf- If juujwsvmlsjddfwsf unw inojjuwnsljmlmsfwmnsljmnifcofmswnilf cnm ifcj`nlmf cnlcf in`lf fm uinof cf

`jcnils fs cfònml`f cfunwslolunsljmolsj|fmmf-

cf`nmcfw ifvwntl-

dntfvw cfujuvinsljm ifuiv c`vmlf-

-Fsngilf`fmsc il s


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Fsngilf`fmscvm oil`nscfmsfmsfdntjwlnms ifwfinsljm cvmunwsfmnwlnsojmswvosld-

1- Ifoj``vmfsngilfms cftjlf cfojmofwsnsljm fscf unwsfmnwlnsntfo if fosfvwnjolnsld ndlmcf cgnsswf fscnoojwcfw cfjivsljmoj``vmf nvquwjgi`f cfin ols- Ifnjolnsljmnvk`fmsfmsifvw onunolscf ojmofwsnsljmntfo inoj``vmf-

1- Ownljm

cvm Fsunof

!fq- sfwtlof

ujvw

ijwknmlsnljm

cf wfmojmwfs

cf ojmofwnljm

f cf cgn

ntfo ifs

nssjolnljms-

-If OjmfliOj``vmni

cslfms ifujvtjlw cfownsljm cvmsfi funof- Liufvs nklw cvmfwtlofuoldl~vf-

_fnsswlgvsljm 8 lif oanwkf cfijwknmlnsljmcf wfmojmswfcf clnijkvf) cfojmofwsnsljm fscf cgns

Li cjls swfcjs cf

`j|fmav`nlm!ufwjmmfi~vnildl 8djw`nsljm fmoj``vmlonsljm)c|mn`l~vf cf

If fquwlfmofjgfwtf nv

mltfnv cf cfvqtlif funkmjifunwsfmnlwf cvuwjhfs !Gnwofijmf)Ojwcjvf,ojmslsvfms cfjvwof clmulwnsljm- If J-M-K- ~vl jmsnoov`vi vmffquwlfmof cnm ifcj`nlmf cf swntnlifm unwsfmnwlns ntfoif oj``vmfufvtfms ojmswlgvfwujlsltf`fms ilmsnvwnsljm cf

tjlf cfojmofwsnsljm fs cfunwsfmnwlns- Ivmltfwls ufvsnvwfw in djw`nsljmnc~vnsf- Inkfmof cf

Vm funof cfojmofwsnsljm

djmosljmmfi ufvskmwfw 8 vmf fmsfmsffmswf ifuwlmolunvqnosfvw cvctfijuuf`fmsijoni mjsn``fmsif njolnsljmfs in oj``vmf- in tllglils cfnosljm `fmfunw in oj``vmf- vmfunwslolunsljmolsj|fmmf uivnosltf-

ilmsnvwnsljmcvm oil`ns cfojmdlnmof fmswfif cfvq nosfvw!njolnsljm fsiv,- ilcfmsldlonsljm

- If jwknml`f cfojjuwnsljm

lmsfwmnsljmnifcofmswnilfnuuvlfms of kfmwfcnosljm-

- Cf `visluifJ-M-K- `lilsfms fmdntfvw cfifqsfmljm cf inunwslolunsljmolsj|fmmf-

- In ujilsl~vf cfiFsns ~vl lmolsf inwanglilsnsljm cf inuinmldlonsljm fs iingjwnsljm cfuinm cf ctfijuuf`fms ijonvq-

kwjvuf) kfsljmcf ojmdils,)`j|fm

`nswlfi!ijklsl~vf

ctfijuuf`fmsjolnif clujfcvmf fqufwslf

vslif ofuwjofv

cf gfjlm wficf olsj|fm fscf clddwfms

kwjvuf cfujuvinsljm


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!ijklsl~vf)M-S-L-O-)dlmnmolfw-

Li f oanwkfnvl cfojjwcjmmfw ifwfinsljm fs ifojmsnos ntfo

if clddwfmsfwtlofoj``vmnvq)if lmslsvsljmuvgil~vf) ifjwknml`f cfojjuwnsljm

Li cjls nvlnvwfwinooj`unkmf`fms cf nosfvwojmofwmclwfosf`fms!kwjvuf`fmscf olsj|fm)njolnsljm,-

uwjofv- Jwknml`f cfctfijuuf`fms fscf ojjuwnsljm!U-M-V-C, fs ifvwnlcf sfoaml~vf cnmof cj`nlmf-

k uujuvinsljm- ifqsfmljm cfin ujilsl~vf cfuwjql`ls-


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Oj``vmf)cnm if uinofuvgil~vf,

Clddvljm cflmdjw`nsljm vwif nosltlsnooj`uilf cnmoan~vf fwtlof

swntfw if`cln ijonvq- Clddvljm cflmdjw`nsljm swntfw cfvuujwslmdjw`nsl~vf)Lmsfwmfs Jwknmlnsljmcf ojmdwfmofcf uwff) cfnmof cfcgns uvgilo

If _fowsnwlnsKmwni fuwfmsf oj``f

in unwslf in`lfvq uinofujvw ojjwcjmmfwif nosltls cfofs funof-

oj``vmlonsljmntfo if oj``vmf--If lmslsvsljmuolnilf !fm_olfmof cfoj``vmlonsljm fscf ilmdjw`nsljmmjsn``fms,

ufvtfms nvwfw indjw`nsljm wf~vlf-


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ctfijuuf`fmsijoni-

- Gvwfnvq csvcf

uolnil cnm insa`nsl~vf cv


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sa`nsl~vf cvctfijuuf`fms fmkmwni fs cvctfijuuf`fmsijoni fm unwslovilfw-

>>- lcf` ~vf>5-

>7- IfOj``vmfclujfms cvmfwtlof cfuwj`jsljm cfin unwslolunsljmcf olsj|fm fsdntjwlfms in

Guide Bonne Gouvernance Locale. Marroc

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