Genetics, a tool to prevent mastitis in dairy cows

FIL- IDF Mastitis Conference - 7/9 sept 2016 - Nanteswww.idele.fr 1

La génétique, un levier pour mieux maîtriser

les mammites chez les vaches laitières

9 sept 2016

Genetics, a tool to prevent mastitis in dairy cows

Stéphanie Minéry

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Outline

Udder Health, selection is possible

20 years of genetic selection in France

Genetic results, Genomic benefits, Economic gains

Genetics, a tool to prevent mastitis


Udder Health, selection is possible

Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and Clinical Mastitis (CM) have strong genetic correlation (+0.5 - 0.7)

SCC has higher heritability than CM (15% vs 3%)

CM has significant genetic variability (sg = 6%, range of breeding values = 30%)

Rupp & Boichard, 2003

Govignon-Gion A. et al., 2012

Efficient genetic improvement is possible for CM. Selection for lower SCC is relevant to increase the resistance to both clinical and subclinical mastitis


Udder Health, 20 years of selection in France

1995 1997 2001 2010 20122005

SCC records in the national database

First SCC EBV

SCC EBV Included in

Global Merit INDEX (ISU)SCC

2016

SCC : Monthly collected during milk recording. Count Score (log transformation) : SCSData of lactation 1 to 3



1995 1997 2001 2010 20122005

SCC records in the national database

First SCC EBV

SCC EBV Included in

Global Merit INDEX (ISU)SCC

2016

Clinical Mastitis recording

First CM EBVClinical MastitisBinary trait : 0 vs >0 clinical mastitis events, collected during the first 150 days in milk; Recorded by milk recording techniciansData in lactations 1 to 3



1995 1997 2001 2010 20122005

SCC records in the national

database

First SCC EBV

SCC EBV included in

Global Merit INDEX


First CM EBV

SCC

Clinical Mastitis

2016

Only a few countries use CM data for evaluation: France, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Canada, Netherlands



7

1995 1997 2001 2010 20122005

SCC records in the national

database

First SCC EBV

SCC EBV Included in

Global Merit INDEX


First CM EBV

SCC

Clinical Mastitis

2016

CM EBV included in Global merit INDEX

(ISU) & Udder Health INDEX

Udder Health INDEX (STMA)


Breeding Objectives

18%

ISU 2001 ISU 2012

13%

Udder Health

Holstein


SCC EBV are efficient

19 982 982 HOLSTEIN data, born from 2008, Lactation 1 (Idele, INRA, 2016)

Percent of SCC > 300 000 cel/ml

SCC EBV of Cows

COW value = + 1 ONLY 5 % SCC > 300 000

Cow value = - 1 23 % SCC > 300 000


SCC EBV are efficient

19 982 982 HOLSTEIN data, born from 2008, Lactation 1 (Idele, INRA, 2016)

Percent of SCC > 300 000 cel/ml

SCC EBV of Cows

COW value = + 1 ONLY 5 % SCC > 300 000

Cow value = - 1 23 % SCC > 300 000

Cow with good SCC EBV = Lower SCC in milk


CM EBV are efficient

282 000 NORMANDE data,born from 2008, Lactation 1 (Idele, INRA : 2016)

Percentage of lactations with clinical mastitis (CM)

CM EBV of Cows

COW value + 1 : ONLY 6 % of lactations with CM

Cow value - 1 : 19 % of lactations with CM


CM EBV are efficient

282 000 NORMANDE data,born from 2008, Lactation 1 (Idele, INRA : 2016)

Percentage of lactations with clinical mastitis (CM)

CM EBV of Cows

COW value + 1 : ONLY 6 % of lactations with CM

Cow value - 1 : 19 % of lactations with CM

Cow with good Clinical Mastitis EBV = Few cases !


Improvement of genetic level of bullsSTMA (Udder health) INDEX (Note : positive index => less mastitis)

First SCC EBV

SCC Included in Global Merit Index (ISU)

CM included in Global Merit Index (ISU)

Example in HOLSTEIN, bulls used for AI

GenomicEBV


Improvement of genetic level of bullsSTMA (Udder health) INDEX (Note : positive index => less mastitis)

First SCC EBV

SCC Included in Global Merit Index (ISU)

CM included in Global Merit Index (ISU)

Example in HOLSTEIN, bulls used for AI

GenomicEBV

Increase in genetic level of bulls used in AI


Improvement of genetic level of cowsSCC EBV (Note : positive index => less SCC)

SCC included inGlobal Merit Index (ISU)

Example in HOLSTEIN, cows

Year of birth


Improvement of genetic level of cowsSCC EBV (Note : positive index => less SCC)

SCC included inGlobal Merit Index (ISU)

Example in HOLSTEIN, cows

Year of birth

Increase of genetic level of cows


Genomic benefits

From 2009 for Males and 2011 for Females : Genomic information used to estimate G(enomic)EBV

A simple ear punch sample

GENOMIC EBV = More efficient Selection

• Genetic Value known earlier, as animals are very young

• Precise information even for Cow

• More information for each animal

ADN chip


ADELE (Mario*Giana)

0.2

-0.8

ATHENA(Mario*Giana)

1.0

0.0

Genomics, for a better choice of heifers

INDEX

ADELE &ATHENA

(Mario*Giana)

SCC 0.2

Clinical Mastitis ?

NO genotyping

WITH Genotyping

An example

ATHENA Better for Udder Health


Economic gains

+1 SCC EBV

+ 55 €/cow/year

+1 CM EBV

+ 10 €/cow/year

Possible economic gain for+1 EBV value / cow/ year

Evaluated in an intensive system, Holstein cows, Northern France, Milk specialized,9000 L /year/ cow.

Results from OSIRIS Project

ImpactsMilk Quality paymentVeterinary costsZootechnical losses

ImpactsVeterinary costsZootechnical losses


% SCC > 300 000 cell/mL

7 %

3 %

Sire Genetic level GoodBad

Good herd conditions (good health, good feeding …)

Genetics, only one of the many tools for mastitis control


% SCC > 300 000 cell/mL

7 %

3 %

Sire Genetic level GoodBad

Good herd conditions (good health, good feeding …)

29 %

13 %

Poor herd conditions (bad health, milking machine problem …)



% SCC > 300 000 cell/mL

29 %

13 %

7 %

3 %

Sire Genetic level

Bad genetics AND bad herd

conditions = HIGHEST Somatic CELL Count

Good genetics AND good herd conditions =

MINIMUM of Somatic CELL Count

GoodBad



% SCC > 300 000 cell/mL

29 %

13 %

7 %

3 %

Sire Genetic level

Bad genetics AND bad herd

conditions = HIGHEST Somatic CELL Count

Good genetics AND good herd conditions =

MINIMUM of Somatic CELL Count

GoodBad

Genetics for the “basement”, but don’t forget the good

practices!



National SCC results = combination of Genetics and Practices on Farm

2010-2014 : Increase in genetics but decline of herd conditions: SCC stable

From 2015 : Increase in genetics and herd conditions: Decrease of SCC.

Holstein

SCC

Genetics

HerdConditions

x1000 scc/ml

Index

Decreaseof SCC


Breeding Objectives on farm level

4 years lag between mating decisions and future dairy cows producing in the herd

GENETICS = medium/long term results

Choose a direction, and keep it at least 5 years, to see results in the herd.


Conclusions

French breeders have genetic tools to prevent mastitis.

SCC and Clinical Mastitis EBV are efficient, with results on economic gain.

With Genomic tools (genotyping), breeders can improve heifers choices.

Genetics = a tool for medium/long term results. Continue to focus on “good practices”, as recommended by the French national plan to prevent mastitis.


This afternoon Session 717:15


Thanks

UMT 3G – INRA - ALLICEAnne Barbat, INRANadine Ballot, CNIELPascale Le Mezec, IDELEPhilippe Roussel, IDELE

Genetics, a tool to prevent mastitis in dairy cows

Engineering

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