F B - RED | Réseau Éducation à la Citoyenneté et à la ...
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PRE- PROGRAMME & modalités pratiques
Jeudi 26 janvier
18 h 30 – 22 h Accueil des participants à la session « Analyse sur le retour d’expériences »
Repas au lycée
Vendredi 27 janvier Ateliers « Retour »
8 h 30 Accueil des participants à la session « Analyse sur le retour d’expériences »
9 h
Présentation de l’équipe et des objectifs de la journée
Ateliers « retour » : exercice du Domino impact, souk au souvenir, Jeu du
Positionnement, ….
12 h Repas à « »
13 h 30 - 17 h30
Ateliers « retour », suite et fin : « si tu tiens à moi » ; « Mon bonhomme de
voyage », « lettre croisée », « jeu de la ligne » …. Mes engagements. Théâtre de
l’opprimé
Bilan de la journée
19h Repas partagé(e(5Lauberge espagnole : partage des denrées « tirées du sac ».
Samedi 28 matin
Possibilité de poursuivre sur un « bilan de compétences », ou d’intégrer le reste
du groupe
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Valorisation des outils produits
Phase exploratoire Recueil et traitement des données
Projet Mobilité Internationale
Automne 2011 Fev2012
Printemps – Eté 2012 Automne 2012
Oct2012
Réunion
Groupe
Travail
Réunion
Groupe
Travail2 entretiens élèves
Recueil outils existants
Lectures
4 pages couleur
Séminaire Dijon
Journées Réseaux
Entretiens individuels élèves
Entretiens collectifs élèves
Entretiens employeurs
Entretiens animateurs de réseaux
Observations 2 journées Réseaux
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Séminaire « Mobilité internationale : quels apprentissages
et quelles compétences ? »
Le 13 décembre 2012 à AgroSup Dijon
26 Bd Petitjean – BP 87999 – 21079 DIJON Cedex Amphithéâtre Chosson
Diffusé en direct sur Canal Eduter www.canal-eduter.fr
Sera disponible en podcast (vidéo à la demande) 10 jours après
Qu’est-ce qui s’apprend lors des stages à l’étranger ? Comment aider les jeunes à le valoriser ? Ce
séminaire sera l’occasion de présenter les résultats d’une recherche menée dans le cadre de
l’enseignement agricole (Eduter Recherche, Réseaux de coopération internationale et Ministère de
l’Agriculture, de l’Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt) et de la mettre en débat avec des jeunes, des
enseignants et des chercheurs de divers horizons.
9h30 – 10h : !""#$%&'()*'&)''+%*$",%-.'/0.0*)&$'1$'&23.4$%5.$6$.,'$,'1$'&)'7$"8$*"8$'1#'9%.%4,:*$'1$'
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11 février 2014
Un référentiel de l’expérience internationale Si la majorité des élèves de l’enseignement agricole partis en
stage a l’international sont satisfaits de leur séjour (Metge et ali, 2010), certains doutent des compétences professionnelles
qu’ils ont pu y développer et peinent à les mettre en mots et à
les valoriser en vue d’un futur recrutement. D’où la volonté du
Ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Alimentation et de la Forêt
d’initier un travail de recherche sur les compétences
développées lors d’une mobilité internationale. Cette
recherche (voir page suivante), menée en 2012 auprès de 19
élèves de BTSA au retour de leur mobilité, a permis de mieux
comprendre les apprentissages réalisés et la manière dont ils
peuvent être repérés dans le discours des jeunes (Annexe 2). #
La recherche a nourri un groupe de travail (voir ci-contre) qui
a créé un référentiel d’une nouvelle forme. Ce « référentiel de
situations » s’inspire des démarches de Validation des Acquis
de l ’Expérience (VAE) et des recherches récentes sur
l’évaluation des compétences (Mayen, Métral et Tourmen,
2010) . Plutôt que de proposer une liste toute faite de
!1
Un référentiel produit par l’enseignement agricole
Ce référentiel a été produit par un groupe de travail regroupant des animateurs de la mobilité au sein de l’enseignement agricole, des représentants du Ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Alimentation et de la Forêt (MAAF), de l’inspection et des chercheurs : Pierre Autissier et Yann Raineau (DGER, MAAF), Jean Metge (Inspection), Geneviève Salaün (Draaf Bretagne), Bettina Brunet (Draaf Centre), René Costarella (Creap Rhône Alpes), Geneviève Guillot (Draaf Poitou Charentes), Jean Paul Bally (Rouffach), Benoît Berger (Fontaines), Stéphanie Soulier-Bauland (Montmorot), Bernard Perrin (Besançon), Emmuelle Chaumette Martin (Le Rheu), Isabelle Pelissier (Le Valentin), Claire Tourmen et Patrick Mayen (Eduter Recherche, AgroSup Dijon).
Pour aller plus loin
Le rapport de recherche est disponible sur demande auprès de [email protected] ou [email protected]
ANNEXE 1 Origines et principes du référentiel de l’expérience internationale
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11 février 2014
compétences que les jeunes n’auraient qu’a cocher, il leur
propose de partir de l’exploration des 1) situations vécues et
des 2) activités menées pour réussir a identifier 3) les
compétences et connaissances (professionnelles, linguistiques,
culturelles et de soi) développées par chacun. #
La recherche a en effet montré que si tous traversaient les 9
situations significatives listées dans le référentiel, chaque
parcours était unique et chacun y réalisait des apprentissages
différents, plus ou moins poussés selon les 4 domaines
identifiés. Le référentiel de situations invite donc a prendre le
temps du détour par le récit de l’activité en situation pour
aider chaque jeune à nommer et à valoriser les compétences et
connaissances qu’il a pu commencer à acquérir (Annexe 2). Ceci afin de prendre conscience des forces mais aussi des
limites de son expérience propre. #
Une enquête complémentaire auprès de recruteurs de
l’enseignement agricole (Annexe 2) a permis d’éclairer leurs
attentes et de proposer des pistes pour aider les jeunes à
valoriser leur expérience internationale, souvent difficile a
mettre en mots. #
Mayen, P., Métral, JF. et Tourmen, C. (2010). Les situations de travail! :
références pour les référentiels. Recherche et formation, 64.
Metge, J., Ducert, P., Galindo, A., Goullier, N. et Touras, H. (2010). Mobilité
internationale des élèves et étudiants de l’enseignement technique agricole. Rapport
de l’Inspection de l’Enseignement Agricole.#
!2
Une recherche sur les apprentissages issus de la mobilité internationale
Eduter Recherche a utilisé le cadre théorique de la didactique professionnelle à travers la théorie des schèmes de Piaget et Vergnaud pour enquêter sur les apprentissages qui peuvent résulter d’une expérience internationale. L’enquête a été réalisée par le biais d’entretiens d’explicitation selon la méthode de Vermersch (1994) auprès de la population suivante :
• 19 jeunes en cours ou issus de BTSA partis en mobilité individuelle (16) ou collective (3) pendant 15 jours à 3 mois en Europe, Amérique du Nord ou du Sud, Afrique et Australie,
• 9 animateurs de réseaux de mobilité internationale au sein de l’enseignement agricole,
• 4 recruteurs dans les secteurs du service rural, de la production végétale et du machinisme agricole.
La recherche a donné lieu à un rapport, à plusieurs articles et communications, dont une conference à Dijon le 13 décembre 2012 - vidéo disponible sur www.canal-eduter.fr
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Comment utiliser le référentiel Le référentiel ne dit pas ce qui doit avoir été fait ou appris, il
ne constitue pas une norme ; au contraire, il liste les situations
potent ie l l ement vécues e t four n i t un cadre a l eur
explicitation, qui seule permet d’identifier les apprentissages
réalisés, dont des exemples sont donnés. Il constitue donc un
référentiel des possibles, à la manière d’une carte. L’objectif
est d’éviter de cocher des listes toutes faites listant des
compétences attendues, mais plutôt d’aider chacun a explorer
puis a identifier les forces et les faiblesses de son expérience,
toujours singulière. L’outil s’adresse aux élèves partis en stage à
l’étranger mais aussi à tous les accompagnateurs (enseignants,
charges de coopération, animateurs de réseaux…) de cette
mobilité. #
Explorer l’activité en situation!On apprend beaucoup par l’expérience mais la majorité des
apprentissages ne sont pas conscients. Ils nécessitent une
prise de conscience et une élaboration pour pouvoir être
évalués ou valorises . Leur identif ication passe donc
!1Lorum Ipsum Dolor
Explorer les situations vécues et les activités menées
Identifiez le contexte de l’expérience vécue, ses buts, conditions favorables et facteurs de difficulté. Racontez ou faîtes raconter les activités menées de manière concrète et détaillée : quoi, comment, pour quoi faire, dans quelles circonstances, pour quels résultats, quelles leçons tirées ?
Identifier les apprentissages
Repérez dans le récit :
• des compétences, a savoir des situations ou des activités nouvelles ou mieux maîtrisées. Ex. : Téléphoner dans une langue étrangère. Réaliser un diagnostic paysager.
• des connaissances professionnelles, linguistiques, culturelles ou de soi développes pendant le séjour a l’étranger. Ex. : les modes de vie paysans en Equateur. Sa capacité d’autonomie. Les modes de culture au Bénin. Les règles de politesse aux Etats-Unis.
ANNEXE 2 Usages du référentiel pour valoriser l’expérience internationale
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11 février 2014
nécessairement par un détour par les activités menées dans les
situations concrètes de vie et de travail, comme nous l’a appris
la démarche de VAE. La première étape pour identifier les
compétences consiste donc a explorer l’expérience vécue.!
Explorer l’expérience vécue consiste a choisir une ou plusieurs
situations vécues parmi les 9 listées dans le référentiel et a les
décrire en détail, de manière aussi concrète et précise que
possible. Etant donné que des apprentissages peuvent se
réaliser a tout moment, y compris dans des situations de la vie
quotidienne et même avant ou après le séjour, il convient de
ne pas se cantonner au récit des situations de stage, même si
celles ci restent primordiales dans le cadre d’un diplôme
professionnel. !
Des traces du
séjour (cartes,
photos,
documents de
stage, carnet de
bord…) peuvent
aussi aider a faire
revenir
l’expérience en
mémoire. La
technique de «
l’entretien
d’explicitation » de Vermersch peut être très efficace pour
guider le récit et éviter un discours trop vague et général. !
Le récit des situations rencontrées développe les conditions
rencontrées, favorables ou difficiles. Il appelle spontanément
le récit des activités menées, ce qui permettra d’en estimer la
nature, la richesse, l’étendue, l’autonomie, les résultats, la
nouveauté et la complexité. C’est en prenant le temps de
décrire finement les activités réalisées, leurs conditions et
leurs résultats, que des apprentissages peuvent être évoqués,
souvent sans même s’en rendre compte. Il convient alors de
les repérer et de les lister en vue de leur future valorisation. !
Ce travail permet aussi de prendre conscience des limites de
l’expérience a l’étranger, car certaines conditions ont pu
freiner ou empêcher certains apprentissages (comme un
manque d’encadrement en stage, des taches routinières et déjà
connues, un manque de contact avec les populations locales,
un manque d’opportunités de visites…). !
!2
Ce qu’attendent les recruteurs
A l’occasion de la recherche (Annexe 1), nous avons rencontré 4 recruteurs qui nous ont parlé de leurs pratiques de l’entretien d’embauche.
Malgré le faible nombre de personnes interrogées, nous avons pu identifier des récurrences dans les formats de discours attendus des jeunes au sujet de leur expérience à l’étranger :
• Etre capable de développer en détail son expérience à l’étranger pour «!meubler!» l’entretien, éviter de passer dessus trop rapidement,
• En parler avec enthousiasme et exprimer les raisons de son départ à l’étranger, ce qui a plus ou moins plu, ce qui a ému ou déstabilisé, éviter un discours «!aphasique!»,
• Détailler les conditions du séjour et du stage, les activités réalisées, leur intérêt, ce qui en a été retiré. Eviter un discours trop vague, s’appuyer sur des faits. A cette occasion, mettre en avant les spécificités de son parcours pour «!montrer qu’on est différent des autres!»,
!
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Marqueurs d ’apprentissages dans le récit de l’expérience!Comment repérer les apprentissages dans le discours? Plusieurs
indices peuvent mettre sur leur piste :!
• Toute activité dont il est fait l’expérience peut a priori
être apprise. Certains indicateurs comme la nouveauté, la
fréquence, la difficulté, l’autonomie, la réussite, le sentiment
d’amélioration, le fait d’avoir tiré des leçons ou encore l’aide
d ’un p lus expér imenté peuvent l a i s se r supposer un
apprentissage effectif;!
• Une connaissance énoncée au détour du récit peut prendre la
forme d’une assertion (théorème ou proposition tenue
pour vraie sur le réel, Vergnaud) du type : « ils ne haussent pas le
ton et c’est vraiment quelque chose de très agressif quand quelqu’un
hausse le ton » (Elève 1) ; « le "omage, c’est le "omage, que ce soit au
Canada ou en France, il est fait pareil (…) mais leur système de vente, de
démarche commerciale est différent parce que l’Etat contrôle beaucoup
» (Elève 14) ; !
• Une connaissance peut aussi être exprimée sous forme de
règle d’action Si… Alors… (Vergnaud) du type « S’il y avait un
chef de vi&age, il fa&ait avoir du respect pour lui » (Elève 10). !
Selon la recherche effectuée, les connaissances peuvent être
rapportées à 4 domaines : 1) professionnel, 2) linguistique, 3) culturel et 4) connaissance de soi, même
si elles circulent entre les domaines. Pour distinguer une connaissance d’une simple représentation
entendue et répétée voire d’un stéréotype, d’autres indices peuvent aider :!
• Elle est reliée a l’expérience, s’appuie sur des faits ou des observations précis, elle a été
éprouvée dans l’expérience et/ou elle a évolué dans l’expérience;!
• Elle aide à agir et à réfléchir, elle a aidé à comprendre ou débloquer des situations, elle est ou a
été utilisée dans des raisonnements, elle peut même être exprimée dans des termes techniques;!
• Elle est prise pour objet de réflexion, d’examen et de doute, elle a pu évoluer ou être
confirmée avant le séjour, en cours et même après le retour. !
Jeter un regard sincère et distancié sur l’expérience!Il conviendra de rechercher la sincérité en tentant de ne pas occulter des domaines d’apprentissages
potentiels (ne pas oublier les apprentissages professionnels au profit des seuls apprentissages
personnels ou culturels) ni de les sous ou sur estimer. Il peut être bénéfique de discuter de ce qui a été
appris avec un enseignant, un élève de la même spécialité ou parti dans le même pays afin de voir si les
connaissances tiennent la route ou restent des aperçus trop rapides du pays ou du métier. Un premier
séjour a l’étranger fournit en effet des théories appelées a être testées dans des expériences futures.
Rester curieux, continuer à chercher et à se questionner permettent de continuer à apprendre
longtemps après le retour.
!3
Suite
• Témoigner d’un changement dans la perception des choses, du monde, de la France et de soi-même, éviter un discours de surface ou «!rigide!» sur les différences culturelles. Ils attendent une prise de recul sur sa propre culture, «!quelqu’un qui va regarder la France de l’extérieur!».
Les recruteurs attendent donc un discours précis et argumenté.
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