Eti - FinalDoc

8/10/2019 Eti - FinalDoc

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e-TransactionInterface


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CONTENTS

1. Abstract

2. Problem Defnition3. System Analysis

4. Feasibility Study

5. ER-Dia rams

!. "ormali#ation and Database Desi n

$. %est &ases

'. System %estin

(. Arc)itectural Desi n1*. +ser ,nter ace Desi n

11. DFD s

Abstract


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%)e e-%ransaction ,nter ace is t)e desi ned tar eted at t)e uture

ban in solution or t)e users /)o is )a0in multi le ban accounts at

t)e multi le ban s. %)is inter ace inte rates all e istin ban s and

ro0ide business solutions or bot) retail and cor orate.

This system acts as a standard interface between the clients and all the banks that

register with the system and clients who maintains accounts in various banks dont have to

visit individual banks website to make money transactions instead he can directly log on to E-


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Transaction Interface and make any kind of request and get his work fulfilled and in the backend

the system will take care of all the obligation required in order to carry on transaction smoothly

The main Vision of this project is to eliminate all the diversities amongst banks

which generally client faces at the time of any transaction! "y doing so #lient will used to only

one $ystematic $tandard way of banking and there by they will be at ease using this interface!

The kind of functionality its capable of providing also reveals the kind of banking

facilities that a customer could get online! %f course the bank that implements this solution

decides the features available to customers!

Modules

1 an er odule

%)is module deals /it) t)e Accounts Pendin 6 Pendin %rans ers6

and Re orts re ardin transactions.

2 &ustomer odule

%)is module a customer can re ister )im sel to t)e system6

customer can lo in into t)e system. A customer can add a ne/


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account6 0ie/ t)e account in ormation6 %rans er amount6 A customer

can also see t)e %ransaction Re orts.

3 Admin odule

%)e admin module /ill be used by t)e administrator o t)e site6 %)e

admin can acce t or re7ect t)e re8uest rom t)e ban er6 and %)e admin

can acce t or re7ect t)e re8uest rom t)e user. %)e re8uest are in t)e

orm o ban re istration6 customer re istration.

ABOUT THEORGANIZATION


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PROBLEM

DEFINITION


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SystemAnalysis


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5) System An"*ysis .oncent!"tion:

Be,o!e +*"nning " !e+*"cing ,o! " ne# system it is essenti"* to $"(e t$!o'g$

&no#*e ge "%o't t$e existing system "*ong #it$ estim"tion o, $o# *ost

com+'tes c"n %e 'se to m"&e its o+e!"tions mo!e e,,ecti(e)

System "n"*ysis is t$e +!ocess o, co**ecting "n inte!+!eting ,"cts3 is+osing

+!o%*em "n 'se t$e in,o!m"tion "%o't t$e existing system3 #$ic$ is "*so

c"**e "s system st' y)

System "n"*ysis is "%o't 'n e!st"n ing sit'"tion %'t not so*(ing t$e

+!o%*em)System "n"*ysis is +e!,o!me to ete!mine #$et$e! " not it is ,e"si%*e to

esign "n in,o!m"tion system *"(e on t$e +o*icies "n +*"ns o, "n

o!g"ni="tion) To ete!mine t$e 'se! !e2'i!ements "n to e*imin"te t$e

#e"&ness o, t$e +!esent system " ,e# gene!"* !e2'i!ements "!e conce!ne )

GENERAL RE>UIREMENTS:

T$e ne# system s$o'* %e cost e,,ecti(e

To im+!o(e +!o 'cti(ity "n se!(ice "n se!(ices)

To en$"nce 'se! inte!,"ce)

To im+!o(e in,o!m"tion +!esent"tion "n '!"%i*ity)

To '+g!" e systems !e*i"%i*ity3 "("i*"%i*ity "n ,*exi%i*ity)

To " !ess $'m"n ,"cto!s ,o! %ette! "n 'ses "cce+t"nce)


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Fe"si%i*ity Re+o!tTE.HINI.AL FEASIBILIT1:

E("*'"ting t$e tec$nic"* ,e"si%i*ity is t$e t!ic&iest +"!t o, " ,e"si%i*ity st' y)

T$is is %ec"'se3 )"t t$is +oint in time3 not too m"ny et"i*e esign o, t$e

system3 m"&ing it i,,ic'*t to "ccess iss'es *i&e +e!,o!m"nce3 costs on ?on"cco'nt o, t$e &in o, tec$no*ogy to %e e+*oye @ etc) A n'm%e! o, iss'es

$"(e to %e consi e!e #$i*e oing " tec$nic"*

"n"*ysis)

i@ Un e!st"n t$e i,,e!ent tec$no*ogies in(o*(e in t$e +!o+ose

system:

Be,o!e commencing t$e +!o ect3 #e $"(e to %e (e!y c*e"! "%o't #$"t

"!e t$e tec$no*ogies t$"t "!e to %e !e2'i!e ,o! t$e e(e*o+ment o, t$ene# system)

ii@ Fin o't #$et$e! t$e o!g"ni="tion c'!!ent*y +ossesses t$e !e2'i!e

tec$no*ogies:

o Is t$e !e2'i!e tec$no*ogy "("i*"%*e #it$ t$e

o!g"ni="tion

o I, so is t$e c"+"city s',,icient

Fo! inst"nce C

-i** t$e c'!!ent +!inte! %e "%*e to $"n *e t$e ne# !e+o!ts "n ,o!ms

!e2'i!e ,o! t$e ne# system

OPERATIONAL FEASIBILIT1:

P!o+ose +!o ects "!e %ene,ici"* on*y i, t$ey c"n %e t'!ne into in,o!m"tion

systems t$"t #i** meet t$e o!g"ni="tions o+e!"ting !e2'i!ements) Sim+*y

st"te 3 t$is test o, ,e"si%i*ity "s&s i, t$e system #i** #o!& #$en it is

e(e*o+e "n inst"**e ) A!e t$e!e m" o! %"!!ie!s to Im+*ement"tion He!e

"!e 2'estions t$"t #i** $e*+ test t$e o+e!"tion"* ,e"si%i*ity o, " +!o ect:

Is t$e!e s',,icient s'++o!t ,o! t$e +!o ect ,!om m"n"gement ,!om

'se!s I, t$e c'!!ent system is #e** *i&e "n 'se to t$e extent t$"t


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+e!sons #i** not %e "%*e to see !e"sons ,o! c$"nge3 t$e!e m"y %e

!esist"nce)

A!e t$e c'!!ent %'siness met$o s "cce+t"%*e to t$e 'se! I, t$ey "!e

not3 Use!s m"y #e*come " c$"nge t$"t #i** %!ing "%o't " mo!e

o+e!"tion"* "n 'se,'* systems)

H"(e t$e 'se! %een in(o*(e in t$e +*"nning "n e(e*o+ment o, t$e

+!o ect

E"!*y in(o*(ement !e 'ces t$e c$"nces o, !esist"nce to t$e system "n

in

Gene!"* "n inc!e"ses t$e *i&e*i$oo o, s'ccess,'* +!o ect)

Since t$e +!o+ose system #"s to $e*+ !e 'ce t$e $"! s$i+s enco'nte!e ) In

t$e existing m"n'"* system3 t$e ne# system #"s consi e!e to %e

o+e!"tion"* ,e"si%*e)

E.ONOMI. FEASIBILIT1:

Economic ,e"si%i*ity "ttem+ts 6 #eig$ t$e costs o, e(e*o+ing "n

im+*ementing " ne# system3 "g"inst t$e %ene,its t$"t #o'* "cc!'e ,!om

$"(ing t$e ne# system in +*"ce) T$is ,e"si%i*ity st' y gi(es t$e to+

m"n"gement t$e economic 'sti,ic"tion ,o! t$e ne# system)

A sim+*e economic "n"*ysis #$ic$ gi(es t$e "ct'"* com+"!ison o, costs "n

%ene,its "!e m'c$ mo!e me"ning,'* in t$is c"se) In " ition3 t$is +!o(es to

%e " 'se,'* +oint o, !e,e!ence to com+"!e "ct'"* costs "s t$e +!o ect

+!og!esses) T$e!e co'* %e ("!io's ty+es o, int"ngi%*e %ene,its on "cco'nt o,

"'tom"tion) T$ese co'* inc*' e inc!e"se c'stome! s"tis,"ction3

im+!o(ement in +!o 'ct 2'"*ity %ette! ecision m"&ing time*iness o,

in,o!m"tion3 ex+e iting "cti(ities3 im+!o(e "cc'!"cy o, o+e!"tions3 %ette!

oc'ment"tion "n !eco! &ee+ing3 ,"ste! !et!ie("* o, in,o!m"tion3 %ette!

em+*oyee mo!"*e)


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SOFT-ARE RE>UIREMENT SPE.IFI.ATION

RE>UIREMENT SPE.IFI.ATION:

T$e "++*ic"tion e4 T!"ns"ction inte!,"ce is esigne to se!(e "s t$e common

'se! inte!,"ce %et#een t$e %"n&s)

INTRODU.TION

P'!+ose: T$e m"in +'!+ose ,o! +!e+"!ing t$is oc'ment is to gi(e " gene!"*

insig$t into t$e "n"*ysis "n !e2'i!ements o, t$e existing system o! sit'"tion

"n ,o! ete!mining t$e o+e!"ting c$"!"cte!istics o, t$e system)

Sco+e: T$is Doc'ment +*"ys " (it"* !o*e in t$e e(e*o+ment *i,e cyc*e ?SDL.@

"s it esc!i%es t$e com+*ete !e2'i!ement o, t$e system) It is me"nt ,o! 'se

%y t$e e(e*o+e!s "n #i** %e t$e %"sic '!ing testing +$"se) Any c$"nges

m" e to t$e !e2'i!ements in t$e ,'t'!e #i** $"(e to go t$!o'g$ ,o!m"*

c$"nge "++!o("* +!ocess)


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De(e*o+e!s Res+onsi%i*ities O(e!(ie#:

T$e e(e*o+e! is !es+onsi%*e ,o!:

5@ De(e*o+ing t$e system3 #$ic$ meets t$e SRS "n so*(ing "** t$e

!e2'i!ements o, t$e system

6@ Demonst!"ting t$e system "n inst"**ing t$e system "t c*ient s*oc"tion ",te! t$e "cce+t"nce testing is s'ccess,'*)

7@ S'%mitting t$e !e2'i!e 'se! m"n'"* esc!i%ing t$e system

inte!,"ces to #o!& on it "n "*so t$e oc'ments o, t$e system)

8@ .on 'cting "ny 'se! t!"ining t$"t mig$t %e nee e ,o! 'sing t$e

system)

@ M"int"ining t$e system ,o! " +e!io o, one ye"! ",te! inst"**"tion)

F'nction"* Re2'i!ements is t$e s+eci,ic"tion o, t$e ,'nction t$"t t$e system

m'st s'++o!t) -$e!e "s non ,'nction"* !e2'i!ements is t$e const!"int on t$e

o+e!"tion o, t$e system t$"t is not !e*"te i!ect*y to ,'nction o, system)

F'nction"* Re2'i!ements:

In+'ts: T$e m" o! in+'ts ,o! t$e E4t!"ns"ction Inte!,"ce "!e t$e 'se! n"me

"n +"ss#o! s o, t$e c'stome!3 A minist!"to! "n t$e B"n&e!3 T$e "cco'nt

n'm%e! "n t$e %"n& n"me "ssoci"te #it$ it3 T!"ns"ction P"ss#o! s)

T!"ns"ction Amo'nt)

O't+'t: T$e o't+'ts "!e t$e Amo'nt t$"t is t!"ns,e!!e %et#een t$e

"cco'nts) T$e (e!i,ic"tion !e+o!ts o, t$e %"n&) B"n& St"tements3 Acco'nt

st"t's)

Pe!,o!m"nce Re2'i!ements:

Pe!,o!m"nce is me"s'!e in te!ms o, e"se o, 'se o, 'se! inte!,"ce)


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T$e oc'ment is +!e+"!e &ee+ing is (ie# o, t$e "c" emic const!'cts o, my

B"c$e*o!s Deg!ee M"ste!s Deg!ee ,!om 'ni(e!sity "s +"!ti"* ,'*,i**ment o,

my "c" emic +'!+ose t$e oc'ment s+eci,ies t$e gene!"* +!oce '!e t$"t t$"t

$"s %een ,o**o#e %y me3 #$i*e t$e system #"s st' ie "n e(e*o+e ) T$e

gene!"* oc'ment #"s +!o(i e %y t$e in 'st!y "s " !e,e!ence g'i e to

'n e!st"n my !es+onsi%i*ities in e(e*o+ing t$e system3 #it$ !es+ect to t$e

!e2'i!ements t$"t $"(e %een +in +ointe to get t$e ex"ct st!'ct'!e o, t$e

system "s st"te %y t$e "ct'"* c*ient)

T$e system "s st"te %y my +!o ect *e" e! t$e "ct'"* st"n "! s o, t$e

s+eci,ic"tion #e!e esi!e %y con 'cting " se!ies o, inte!(ie#s "n

2'estionn"i!es) T$e co**ecte in,o!m"tion #"s o!g"ni=e to ,o!m t$es+eci,ic"tion oc'ment "n t$en #"s mo e*e to s'ite t$e st"n "! s o, t$e

system "s inten e )

Doc'ment .on(entions:

T$e o(e!"** oc'ments ,o! t$is +!o ect 'se t$e !ecogni=e mo e*ing st"n "! s

"t t$e so,t#"!e in 'st!ies *e(e*)

Uni,ie mo e*ing *"ng'"ge conce+ts to gi(e " gene!"*i=e %*'e +!int ,o! t$e

o(e!"** system)

T$e st"n "! s o, ,*o# c$"!ts "t t$e !e2'i!e st"tes t$"t "!e t$e ,'nction"*ity

o, t$e o+e!"tions nee mo!e concent!"tion)

Sco+e o, T$e De(e*o+ment P!o ect:

D"t"%"se Tie!: T$e concent!"tion is "++*ie %y " o+ting #i e !"nge o,

DBMS)

Use! Tie!: T$e 'se! inte!,"ce is e(e*o+e in " %!o#se! s+eci,ic en(i!onment

to $"(e #e% %"se "!c$itect'!e) T$e com+onents "!e esigne 'sing HTML

st"n "! s "n "(" se!(e! +"ges +o#e! t$e yn"mic o, t$e +"ge esign) "("

Sc!i+t ,o! Lo" ing g!"+$ics "n "*i "tions)


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D"t" B"se .onnecti(ity Tie!: T$e comm'nic"tion "!c$itect'!e is esigne %y

concent!"te on t$e st"n "! s o, se!(*ets "n SP9s) T$e "t"%"se

connecti(ity is est"%*is$e 'sing t$e DB.)

&)a ter 4


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So t/are Re8uirementS ecifcation


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Re2'i!e H"! #"!ePenti'm I P!ocesso!)6 ; MB RAM)8JGB H"! Dis& s+"ce)Et$e!net c"! #it$ "n Inte!net "n Inte!net =one)

Re2'i!e So,t#"!e

Se!(e! Si e:

Mic!oso,t -in o#s 6JJJ P!o, Inte!net ex+*o!e! )J o! "%o(e o! Netsc"+en"(ig"to!)O!"c*e Ki o! L"te! (e!sions)D/ 5)8 o! L"te! (e!sions)A+"c$e Tomc"t -e% Se!(e! 8)J o! "%o(e)T.P IP P!otoco* s'ite)

.*ient Si e:

Any -e% B!o#se! on "ny o+e!"ting system)


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&)a ter 5


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odulesDescri tion


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N'm%e! o, Mo '*es:

5@ A min Mo '*e

On*y "n A minist!"to! c"n $"(e "ccess to t$is mo '*e3 He m'st "cce+t

o! !e ect t$e B"n&e! #$o !egiste!e #it$ t$e system) He +e!,o!ms t$e

co'nte! c$ec& on t$e %"n&e! #$o "++*ie ,o! !egist!"tion #it$ t$e

system) He m'st "*so "'t$o!i=e t$e +en ing 'se! !e2'ests "*so) I, "

'se! o! %"n&e! !egiste!s #it$ t$e system t$e " minist!"to! m'st

"'t$o!i=e t$e 'se! o! %"n&e! to !egiste! #it$ t$e system) Fin"**y it c"**s

t$e sign o't %'tton3 #$ic$ #i** t"&e t$e " minist!"to! to t$e $ome

+"ge) T$e mo '*e #i** '+ "te t$e "t"%"se ",te! t$e " minist!"to! $"s

"'t$o!i=e o! ec*ine t$e 'se! !e2'ests)

6@ B"n&e! Mo '*e

T$!o'g$ t$is mo '*e t$e %"n&e! c"n "cce+t t$e !e2'est ,o! !egiste!ing

t$e "cco'nt o, " 'se! #it$ t$e system) An " %"n&e! c"n "cce+t o!

ec*ine "ny t!"ns"ction ,!om t$e 'se!) I, " 'se! !e2'i!es to t!"ns,e!

some "mo'nt to "ny ot$e! "cco'nt) T$e 'se! !e2'est #"s ,i!st sent to

t$e %"n&e!) T$e %"n&e! (e!i,ies t$e !e2'est "n t$en "cce+ts o!

ec*ines t$e t!"ns"ction) I, $e "cce+ts t$e t!"ns"ction t$en t$e t!"ns,e!

o, ,'n s st"!ts) I, $e c*ic&s on ec*ine t$en t$e !e2'est #"s !e ecte"n noti,ie to t$e 'se!) In t$is mo '*e some s+eci"* c"!e s$o'* %e

t"&en ",te! t$e %"&e! "cce+ts t$e !e2'est) T$e t!"ns"ction m'st %e

o%ey t$e A.ID +!o+e!ties) A** t$e comm"n s in t$e t!"ns"ction m'st

%e exec'te s'ccess,'**y e*se t$e enti!e +!ocess m'st %e !o**e %"c&)


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7@ .'stome! Mo '*e

To %ecome " c'stome! to t$e system) T$e +e!son m'st !egiste! #it$

t$e system ,i!st) By c*ic&ing on t$e sign in " +e!son c"n $"(e "ccess to

t$e "++*ic"tion ,o!m3 #$ic$ consists o, t$e et"i*s "%o't t$e +e!son)

T$en t$e !e2'est is sent to t$e " minist!"to!) A,te! t$e " minist!"to!

"cce+te t$e !e2'est ,!om t$e c'stome!3 T$e c'stome! c"n *ogin to

t$is "cco'nt) T$en ",te! *ogging in #it$ t$e 'se! n"me "n +"ss#o!

gi(en %y t$e " minist!"to!) T$e system (e!i,ies t$e 'se!n"me "n

+"ss#o! #it$ t$e "t"%"se sto!e "n t$en it gi(es t$e "ccess to t$e

c'stome! *ogin +"ge) T$e c'stome! *ogin +"ge consists o, se*ect

"cco'nt3 c!e"te " ne# "cco'nt3 %"c& "n $ome +"ge %'ttons) I, " 'se!

!e2'i!es to !egiste! " ne# %"n& "cco'nt) He c*ic&s t$e ne# "cco'nt

"n ,i**s t$e +"!tic'*"!s "n c*ic& on s'%mit %'tton) T$e !e2'est #"ssent to t$e s+eci,ie %"n& " min ,o! "cce+t"nce) A,te! "cce+t"nce t$e

'se! c"n 'se t$e %"n& "cco'nt ,o! t$e ,'n s t!"ns,e!) T$e ,'n s

t!"ns,e! sc!een is+*"ys t$e c'!!ent "cco'nt %"*"nce in t$e %"n& "n

"mo'nt to %e t!"ns,e!!e "n t$e t"!get "cco'nt to #$ic$ t$e ,'n s to

%e t!"ns,e!!e ) T$e !e2'est is sent to t$e %"n&e! ,o! (e!i,ic"tion "n

"cce+t"nce) T$e ,'n s "!e s'ccess,'**y t!"ns,e!!e i, t$e %"n&e!

"cce+ts) T$e c'stome! c"n "*so see t$e +en ing t!"ns,e!s) T$e +!esentst"t's o, t$e t!"ns,e! ,!om $is *ogin)


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SOFTWAREPROFILE


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&lient Ser0er %ec)nolo ies


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-$"t is " .*ient Se!(e!

T#o +!ominent systems in existence "!e c*ient se!(e! "n ,i*e se!(e! systems)

It is essenti"* to isting'is$ %et#een c*ient se!(e!s "n ,i*e se!(e! systems)

Bot$ +!o(i e s$"!e net#o!& "ccess to "t" %'t t$e com+"!ison ens t$e!e

T$e ,i*e se!(e! sim+*y +!o(i es " !emote is& !i(e t$"t c"n %e "ccesse %y

LAN "++*ic"tions on " ,i*e4%y4,i*e %"sis) T$e c*ient se!(e! o,,e!s ,'** !e*"tion"*

"t"%"se se!(ices s'c$ "s S>L4Access3 Reco! mo i,ying3 Inse!t3 De*ete #it$

,'** !e*"tion"* integ!ity %"c&'+ !esto!e +e!,o!m"nce ,o! $ig$ (o*'me o,

t!"ns"ctions3 etc) t$e c*ient se!(e! mi *e#"!e +!o(i es " ,*exi%*e inte!,"ce%et#een c*ient "n se!(e!3 #$o oes #$"t3 #$en "n to #$om)

-$y .*ient Se!(e!

.*ient se!(e! $"s e(o*(e to so*(e " +!o%*em t$"t $"s %een "!o'n since t$e

e"!*iest "ys o, com+'ting: $o# %est to ist!i%'te yo'! com+'ting3 "t"

gene!"tion "n "t" sto!"ge !eso'!ces in o! e! to o%t"in e,,icient3 coste,,ecti(e e+"!tment"* "n ente!+!ise #i e "t" +!ocessing) D'!ing m"in,!"me

e!" c$oices #e!e 2'ite *imite ) A cent!"* m"c$ine $o'se %ot$ t$e .PU "n

DATA ?c"! s3 t"+es3 !'ms "n *"te! is&s@) Access to t$ese !eso'!ces #"s

initi"**y con,ine to %"tc$e !'ns t$"t +!o 'ce e+"!tment"* !e+o!ts "t t$e

"++!o+!i"te inte!("*s) A st!ong cent!"* in,o!m"tion se!(ice e+"!tment !'*e

t$e co!+o!"tion) T$e !o*e o, t$e !est o, t$e co!+o!"tion *imite to !e2'esting

ne# o! mo!e ,!e2'ent !e+o!ts "n to +!o(i e $"n #!itten ,o!ms ,!om #$ic$

t$e cent!"* "t" %"n&s #e!e c!e"te "n '+ "te ) T$e e"!*iest c*ient se!(e!

so*'tions t$e!e,o!e co'* %est %e c$"!"cte!i=e "s SLA E4MASTER )


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Time4s$"!ing c$"nge t$e +ict'!e) Remote te!min"* co'* (ie# "n e(en

c$"nge t$e cent!"* "t"3 s'% ect to "ccess +e!missions) An 3 "s t$e

cent!"* "t" %"n&s e(o*(e in to so+$istic"te !e*"tion"* "t"%"se

#it$ non4+!og!"mme! 2'e!y *"ng'"ges3 on*ine 'se!s co'* ,o!m'*"te

" $oc 2'e!ies "n +!o 'ce *oc"* !e+o!ts #it$ o't " ing to t$e MIS

"++*ic"tions so,t#"!e %"c&*og) Ho#e(e! !emote "ccess #"s t$!o'g$

'm% te!min"*s3 "n t$e c*ient se!(e! !em"ine s'%o! in"te to t$e

S*"(e M"ste!)

F!ont en o! Use! Inte!,"ce Design

T$e enti!e 'se! inte!,"ce is +*"nne to %e e(e*o+e in %!o#se! s+eci,ic

en(i!onment #it$ " to'c$ o, Int!"net4B"se A!c$itect'!e ,o! "c$ie(ing t$e

Dist!i%'te .once+t)

T$e %!o#se! s+eci,ic com+onents "!e esigne %y 'sing t$e HTML st"n "! s3

"n t$e yn"mism o, t$e esigne %y concent!"ting on t$e const!'cts o, t$e

"(" Se!(e! P"ges)

.omm'nic"tion o! D"t"%"se .onnecti(ity Tie!

T$e .omm'nic"tion "!c$itect'!e is esigne %y concent!"ting on t$e

St"n "! s o, Se!(*ets "n Ente!+!ise "(" Be"ns) T$e "t"%"se connecti(ity

is est"%*is$e %y 'sing t$e "(" D"t" B"se .onnecti(ity)

T$e st"n "! s o, t$!ee4ti!e "!c$itect'!e "!e gi(en m" o! concent!"tion to

&ee+ t$e st"n "! s o, $ig$e! co$esion "n *imite co'+*ing ,o! e,,ecti(eness

o, t$e o+e!"tions)

Fe"t'!es o, T$e L"ng'"ge Use

In my +!o ect3 I $"(e c$osen "(" *"ng'"ge ,o! e(e*o+ing t$e co e)


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A%o't "("

Initi"**y t$e *"ng'"ge #"s c"**e "s o"& %'t it #"s !en"me "s "(" in

5KK ) T$e +!im"!y moti("tion o, t$is *"ng'"ge #"s t$e nee ,o! " +*"t,o!m4

in e+en ent ?i)e)3 "!c$itect'!e ne't!"*@ *"ng'"ge t$"t co'* %e 'se to c!e"teso,t#"!e to %e em%e e in ("!io's cons'me! e*ect!onic e(ices)

"(" is " +!og!"mme!9s *"ng'"ge)

"(" is co$esi(e "n consistent)

Exce+t ,o! t$ose const!"ints im+ose %y t$e Inte!net en(i!onment3

"(" gi(es t$e +!og!"mme!3 ,'** cont!o*)

Fin"**y3 "(" is to Inte!net +!og!"mming #$e!e . #"s to system

+!og!"mming)

Im+o!t"nce o, "(" to t$e Inte!net

"(" $"s $" " +!o,o'n e,,ect on t$e Inte!net) T$is is %ec"'se "("

ex+"n s t$e Uni(e!se o, o% ects t$"t c"n mo(e "%o't ,!ee*y in .y%e!s+"ce)

In " net#o!&3 t#o c"tego!ies o, o% ects "!e t!"nsmitte %et#een t$e Se!(e!

"n t$e Pe!son"* com+'te!) T$ey "!e: P"ssi(e in,o!m"tion "n Dyn"mic

"cti(e +!og!"ms) T$e Dyn"mic3 Se*,4exec'ting +!og!"ms c"'se se!io's

+!o%*ems in t$e "!e"s o, Sec'!ity "n +!o%"%i*ity) B't3 "(" " !esses t$ose

conce!ns "n %y oing so3 $"s o+ene t$e oo! to "n exciting ne# ,o!m o,

+!og!"m c"**e t$e A++*et)

"(" c"n %e 'se to c!e"te t#o ty+es o, +!og!"ms

A++* ic "t io ns "n A++* et s : An "++*ic"tion is " +!og!"m t$"t !'ns on o'!

.om+'te! 'n e! t$e o+e!"ting system o, t$"t com+'te!) It is mo!e o! *ess *i&e

one c!e"ting 'sing . o! .QQ) "("9s "%i*ity to c!e"te A++*ets m"&es it


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im+o!t"nt) An A++*et is "n "++*ic"tion esigne to %e t!"nsmitte o(e! t$e

Inte!net "n exec'te %y " "(" Ccom+"ti%*e #e% %!o#se!) An "++*et is

"ct'"**y " tiny "(" +!og!"m3 yn"mic"**y o#n*o" e "c!oss t$e net#o!&3

'st *i&e "n im"ge) B't t$e i,,e!ence is3 it is "n inte**igent +!og!"m3 not 'st

" me i" ,i*e) It c"n !e"ct to t$e 'se! in+'t "n yn"mic"**y c$"nge)

Fe"t'!es O, "(" Sec'!ity

E(e!y time yo' t$"t yo' o#n*o" " no!m"* +!og!"m3 yo' "!e !is&ing "

(i!"* in,ection) P!io! to "("3 most 'se!s i not o#n*o" exec't"%*e

+!og!"ms ,!e2'ent*y3 "n t$ose #$o i sc"nne t$em ,o! (i!'ses +!io! to

exec'tion) Most 'se!s sti** #o!!ie "%o't t$e +ossi%i*ity o, in,ecting t$ei!

systems #it$ " (i!'s) In " ition3 "not$e! ty+e o, m"*icio's +!og!"m exists

t$"t m'st %e g'"! e "g"inst) T$is ty+e o, +!og!"m c"n g"t$e! +!i("te

in,o!m"tion3 s'c$ "s c!e it c"! n'm%e!s3 %"n& "cco'nt %"*"nces3 "n

+"ss#o! s) "(" "ns#e!s %ot$ t$ese conce!ns %y +!o(i ing " ,i!e#"**

%et#een " net#o!& "++*ic"tion "n yo'! com+'te!)

-$en yo' 'se " "("4com+"ti%*e -e% %!o#se!3 yo' c"n s",e*y o#n*o" "("

"++*ets #it$o't ,e"! o, (i!'s in,ection o! m"*icio's intent)

Po!t"%i*ity

Fo! +!og!"ms to %e yn"mic"**y o#n*o" e to "** t$e ("!io's ty+es o,

+*"t,o!ms connecte to t$e Inte!net3 some me"ns o, gene!"ting +o!t"%*e

exec't"%*e co e is nee e )As yo' #i** see3 t$e s"me mec$"nism t$"t $e*+s

ens'!e sec'!ity "*so $e*+s c!e"te +o!t"%i*ity) In ee 3 "("9s so*'tion to t$ese

t#o +!o%*ems is %ot$ e*eg"nt "n e,,icient)

T$e Byte co e

T$e &ey t$"t "**o#s t$e "(" to so*(e t$e sec'!ity "n +o!t"%i*ity +!o%*ems is

t$"t t$e o't+'t o, "(" com+i*e! is Byte co e) Byte co e is " $ig$*y o+timi=e

set o, inst!'ctions esigne to %e exec'te %y t$e "(" !'n4time system3

#$ic$ is c"**e t$e "(" i!t'"* M"c$ine ? M@) T$"t is3 in its st"n "! ,o!m3

t$e M is "n inte!+!ete! ,o! %yte co e)


31/124


32/124

O(e!"** Desc!i+tion

Pict'!e s$o#ing t$e e(e*o+ment +!ocess o, A A P!og!"m

"(" +!og!"mming 'ses to +!o 'ce %yte co es "n exec'tes t$em) T$e ,i!st

%ox in ic"tes t$"t t$e "(" so'!ce co e is *oc"te in ") "(" ,i*e t$"t is

+!ocesse #it$ " "(" com+i*e! c"**e "("c) T$e "(" com+i*e! +!o 'ces "

,i*e c"**e ") c*"ss ,i*e3 #$ic$ cont"ins t$e %yte co e) T$e) .*"ss ,i*e is t$en

*o" e "c!oss t$e net#o!& o! *o" e *oc"**y on yo'! m"c$ine into t$e

exec'tion en(i!onment is t$e "(" (i!t'"* m"c$ine3 #$ic$ inte!+!ets "n

exec'tes t$e %yte co e)

"(" A!c$itect'!e

"(" "!c$itect'!e +!o(i es " +o!t"%*e3 !o%'st3 $ig$ +e!,o!ming en(i!onment

,o! e(e*o+ment) "(" +!o(i es +o!t"%i*ity %y com+i*ing t$e %yte co es ,o!

t$e "(" i!t'"* M"c$ine3 #$ic$ is t$en inte!+!ete on e"c$ +*"t,o!m %y t$e

!'n4time en(i!onment) "(" is " yn"mic system3 "%*e to *o" co e #$en

nee e ,!om " m"c$ine in t$e s"me !oom o! "c!oss t$e +*"net)

.om+i*"tion o, co e

-$en yo' com+i*e t$e co e3 t$e "(" com+i*e! c!e"tes m"c$ine co e ?c"**e

%yte co e@ ,o! " $y+ot$etic"* m"c$ine c"**e "(" i!t'"* M"c$ine ? M@) T$e

M is s'++ose to exec'te t$e %yte co e) T$e M is c!e"te ,o! o(e!coming

t$e iss'e o, +o!t"%i*ity) T$e co e is #!itten "n com+i*e ,o! one m"c$ine "n

inte!+!ete on "** m"c$ines) T$is m"c$ine is c"**e "(" i!t'"* M"c$ine)

Java Source Java byte code Java VM

9a0a .&lass


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.om+i*ing "n inte!+!eting "(" So'!ce .o e

D'!ing !'n4time t$e "(" inte!+!ete! t!ic&s t$e %yte co e ,i*e into t$in&ing

t$"t it is !'nning on " "(" i!t'"* M"c$ine) In !e"*ity t$is co'* %e " Inte*

Penti'm -in o#s K o! S'nSAR. st"tion !'nning So*"!is o! A++*e M"cintos$

!'nning system "n "** co'* !ecei(e co e ,!om "ny com+'te! t$!o'g$

Inte!net "n !'n t$e A++*ets)

Sim+*e

"(" #"s esigne to %e e"sy ,o! t$e P!o,ession"* +!og!"mme! to *e"!n "n

to 'se e,,ecti(e*y) I, yo' "!e "n ex+e!ience .QQ +!og!"mme!3 *e"!ning "("

#i** %e e(en e"sie!) Bec"'se "(" in$e!its t$e . .QQ synt"x "n m"ny o, t$e

o% ect o!iente ,e"t'!es o, .QQ) Most o, t$e con,'sing conce+ts ,!om .QQ

"!e eit$e! *e,t o't o, "(" o! im+*emente in " c*e"ne!3 mo!e "++!o"c$"%*e

m"nne!) In "(" t$e!e "!e " sm"** n'm%e! o, c*e"!*y e,ine #"ys to

"ccom+*is$ " gi(en t"s&)

SourceCode....

..

PC Compiler

MacintoshCompiler

SPARC

Compiler

Java

Byte code

(PlatformIndependent)

JavaInterpreter(PC)

JavaInterpreter(Macintosh)

JavaInterpreter

(Spare)


34/124

O% ect4O!iente

"(" #"s not esigne to %e so'!ce4co e com+"ti%*e #it$ "ny ot$e!

*"ng'"ge) T$is "**o#e t$e "(" te"m t$e ,!ee om to esign #it$ " %*"n&

s*"te) One o'tcome o, t$is #"s " c*e"n 's"%*e3 +!"gm"tic "++!o"c$ too% ects) T$e o% ect mo e* in "(" is sim+*e "n e"sy to exten 3 #$i*e sim+*e

ty+es3 s'c$ "s intege!s3 "!e &e+t "s $ig$4+e!,o!m"nce non4o% ects)

Ro%'st

T$e m'*ti4+*"t,o!m en(i!onment o, t$e -e% +*"ces ext!"o! in"!y em"n s on

" +!og!"m3 %ec"'se t$e +!og!"m m'st exec'te !e*i"%*y in " ("!iety o,

systems) T$e "%i*ity to c!e"te !o%'st +!og!"ms #"s gi(en " $ig$ +!io!ity in

t$e esign o, "(") "(" is st!ict*y ty+e *"ng'"ge it c$ec&s yo'! co e "tcom+i*e time "n !'n time)

"(" (i!t'"**y e*imin"tes t$e +!o%*ems o, memo!y m"n"gement "n

e"**oc"tion3 #$ic$ is com+*ete*y "'tom"tic) In " #e**4#!itten "(" +!og!"m3

"** !'n time e!!o!s c"n C"n s$o'* C%e m"n"ge %y yo'! +!og!"m)


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Ser0lets6 9SP6 9D & :;% < %ec)nolo ies


36/124

SER LETS

Int!o 'ction

T$e "(" #e% se!(e! is "("So,t s o#n #e% Se!(e!) T$e "(" #e% se!(e! is

'st " +"!t o, " *"!ge! ,!"me#o!&3 inten e to +!o(i e yo' not 'st #it$ " #e%

se!(e!3 %'t "*so #it$ too*s) To %'i* c'stomi=e net#o!& se!(e!s ,o! "ny

Inte!net o! Int!"net c*ient se!(e! system) Se!(*ets "!e to " #e% se!(e!3 $o#

"++*ets "!e to t$e %!o#se!)

A%o't Se!(*ets

Se!(*ets +!o(i e " "("4%"se so*'tion 'se to " !ess t$e +!o%*ems

c'!!ent*y "ssoci"te #it$ oing se!(e!4si e +!og!"mming3 inc*' ing

inextensi%*e sc!i+ting so*'tions3 +*"t,o!m4s+eci,ic APIs3 "n incom+*ete

inte!,"ces)

Se!(*ets "!e o% ects t$"t con,o!m to " s+eci,ic inte!,"ce t$"t c"n %e +*'gge

into " "("4%"se se!(e!) Se!(*ets "!e to t$e se!(e!4si e #$"t "++*ets "!e to

t$e c*ient4si e 4 o% ect %yte co es t$"t c"n %e yn"mic"**y *o" e o,, t$e net)

T$ey i,,e! ,!om "++*ets in t$"t t$ey "!e ,"ce*ess o% ects ?#it$o't g!"+$ics o!

" GUI com+onent@) T$ey se!(e "s +*"t,o!m in e+en ent3 yn"mic"**y

*o" "%*e3 +*'g"%*e $e*+e! %yte co e o% ects on t$e se!(e! si e t$"t c"n %e'se to yn"mic"**y exten se!(e!4si e ,'nction"*ity)

Fo! ex"m+*e3 "n HTTP Se!(*ets c"n %e 'se to gene!"te yn"mic HTML

content) -$en yo' 'se Se!(*ets to o yn"mic content yo' get t$e ,o**o#ing

" ("nt"ges:

T$ey9!e ,"ste! "n c*e"ne! t$"n .GI sc!i+ts

T$ey 'se " st"n "! API ?t$e Se!(*ets API@

T$ey +!o(i e "** t$e " ("nt"ges o, "(" ?!'n on " ("!iety o,

se!(e!s #it$o't nee ing to %e !e#!itten@)

Att!"cti(eness o, Se!(*ets

T$e!e "!e m"ny ,e"t'!es o, Se!(*ets t$"t m"&e t$em e"sy "n "tt!"cti(e to

'se) T$ese inc*' e:


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38/124

Se!(*ets "!e extensi%*e) "(" is " !o%'st3 o% ect4o!iente

+!og!"mming *"ng'"ge3 #$ic$ e"si*y c"n %e exten e to s'it yo'!

nee s Se!(*ets "!e sec'!e)

Se!(*ets c"n %e 'se #it$ " ("!iety o, c*ients)

Lo" ing Se!(*ets

Se!(*ets c"n %e *o" e ,!om t$!ee +*"ces

F!om " i!ecto!y t$"t is on t$e .LASSPATH) T$e .LASSPATH o, t$e

"("-e%Se!(e! inc*' es se!(ice !oot c*"sses #$ic$ is #$e!e t$e systemc*"sses !esi e)

F!om t$e SER I.E ROOT Se!(*ets i!ecto!y) T$is is not in t$e

se!(e!9s c*"ss +"t$) A c*"ss *o" e! is 'se to c!e"te Se!(*ets ,!om t$is

i!ecto!y) Ne# Se!(*ets c"n %e " e 4 existing Se!(*ets c"n %e !ecom+i*e

"n t$e se!(e! #i** notice t$ese c$"nges)

F!om " !emote *oc"tion) Fo! t$is " co e %"se *i&e $tt+: nine)eng c*"sses

,oo is !e2'i!e in " ition to t$e Se!(*ets c*"ss n"me) Re,e! to t$e " minGUI ocs on Se!(*et section to see $o# to set t$is '+)

Lo" ing Remote Se!(*ets

Remote Se!(*ets c"n %e *o" e %y:

5) .on,ig'!ing t$e A min Too* to set'+ "'tom"tic *o" ing o, !emote

Se!(*ets

6) Setting '+ se!(e! si e inc*' e t"gs in) s$tm* ,i*es

7) De,ining " ,i*te! c$"in con,ig'!"tion


39/124

In(o&ing Se!(*ets

A Se!(*et in(o&e! is " Se!(*et t$"t in(o&es t$e se!(ice met$o on " n"me

Se!(*et) I, t$e Se!(*et is not *o" e in t$e se!(e!3 t$en t$e in(o&e! ,i!st *o" s

t$e Se!(*et ?eit$e! ,!om *oc"* is& o! ,!om t$e net#o!&@ "n t$e t$en in(o&es

t$e se!(ice met$o ) A*so *i&e "++*ets3 *oc"* Se!(*ets in t$e se!(e! c"n %e

i enti,ie %y 'st t$e c*"ss n"me) In ot$e! #o! s3 i, " Se!(*et n"me is not

"%so*'te3 it is t!e"te "s *oc"*)

A c*ient c"n in(o&e Se!(*ets in t$e ,o**o#ing #"ys: T$e c*ient c"n "s& ,o! " oc'ment t$"t is se!(e %y t$e Se!(*et)

T$e c*ient ?%!o#se!@ c"n in(o&e t$e Se!(*et i!ect*y 'sing " URL3 onceit $"s %een m"++e 'sing t$e Se!(*et A*i"ses section o, t$e " min GUI)

T$e Se!(*et c"n %e in(o&e t$!o'g$ se!(e! si e inc*' e t"gs)

T$e Se!(*et c"n %e in(o&e %y +*"cing it in t$e Se!(*ets i!ecto!y)

T$e Se!(*et c"n %e in(o&e %y 'sing it in " ,i*te! c$"in)

"("Sc!i+t

"("Sc!i+t is " sc!i+t4%"se +!og!"mming *"ng'"ge t$"t #"s e(e*o+e %y

Netsc"+e .omm'nic"tion .o!+o!"tion) "("Sc!i+t #"s o!igin"**y c"**e Li(e

Sc!i+t "n !en"me "s "("Sc!i+t to in ic"te its !e*"tions$i+ #it$ "(")

"("Sc!i+t s'++o!ts t$e e(e*o+ment o, %ot$ c*ient "n se!(e! com+onents o,

-e%4%"se "++*ic"tions) On t$e c*ient si e3 it c"n %e 'se to #!ite +!og!"ms

t$"t "!e exec'te %y " -e% %!o#se! #it$in t$e context o, " -e% +"ge) On

t$e se!(e! si e3 it c"n %e 'se to #!ite -e% se!(e! +!og!"ms t$"t c"n +!ocess

in,o!m"tion s'%mitte %y " -e% %!o#se! "n t$en '+ "tes t$e %!o#se!9s

is+*"y "cco! ing*y

E(en t$o'g$ "("Sc!i+t s'++o!ts %ot$ c*ient "n se!(e! -e% +!og!"mming3

#e +!e,e! "("Sc!i+t "t .*ient si e +!og!"mming since most o, t$e %!o#se!s

s'++o!ts it) "("Sc!i+t is "*most "s e"sy to *e"!n "s HTML3 "n "("Sc!i+t
http://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/administration/servlet_alias.htmlhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/ssinclude.htmlhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/ssinclude.htmlhttp://var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/administration/servlet_alias.html


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st"tements c"n %e inc*' e in HTML oc'ments %y enc*osing t$e st"tements

%et#een " +"i! o, sc!i+ting t"gs

S.RIPTSV)) S.RIPTV)

S.RIPT LANGUAGE W "("Sc!i+t V

"("Sc!i+t st"tements

S.RIPTV

He!e "!e " ,e# t$ings #e c"n o #it$ "("Sc!i+t:

"*i "te t$e contents o, " ,o!m "n m"&e c"*c'*"tions)

A sc!o**ing o! c$"nging mess"ges to t$e B!o#se!9s st"t's *ine)

Anim"te im"ges o! !ot"te im"ges t$"t c$"nge #$en #e mo(e

t$e mo'se o(e! t$em)

Detect t$e %!o#se! in 'se "n is+*"y i,,e!ent content ,o!i,,e!ent %!o#se!s)

Detect inst"**e +*'g4ins "n noti,y t$e 'se! i, " +*'g4in is

!e2'i!e )

-e c"n o m'c$ mo!e #it$ "("Sc!i+t3 inc*' ing c!e"ting enti!e "++*ic"tion)

"("Sc!i+t s "("

"("Sc!i+t "n "(" "!e enti!e*y i,,e!ent *"ng'"ges) A ,e# o, t$e most

g*"!ing i,,e!ences "!e:

"(" "++*ets "!e gene!"**y is+*"ye in " %ox #it$in t$e #e%

oc'ment "("Sc!i+t c"n ",,ect "ny +"!t o, t$e -e% oc'ment itse*,) -$i*e "("Sc!i+t is %est s'ite to sim+*e "++*ic"tions "n " ing

inte!"cti(e ,e"t'!es to -e% +"ges "(" c"n %e 'se ,o! inc!e i%*y

com+*ex "++*ic"tions)

T$e!e "!e m"ny ot$e! i,,e!ences %'t t$e im+o!t"nt t$ing to !emem%e! is

t$"t "("Sc!i+t "n "(" "!e se+"!"te *"ng'"ges) T$ey "!e %ot$ 'se,'* ,o!

i,,e!ent t$ings in ,"ct t$ey c"n %e 'se toget$e! to com%ine t$ei!

" ("nt"ges)


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A ("nt"ges

"("Sc!i+t c"n %e 'se ,o! Se(e!4si e "n .*ient4si e sc!i+ting)

It is mo!e ,*exi%*e t$"n BSc!i+t)

"("Sc!i+t is t$e e,"'*t sc!i+ting *"ng'"ges "t .*ient4si e since

"** t$e %!o#se!s s'++o!ts it)

Hy+e! Text M"!&'+ L"ng'"ge

Hy+e!text M"!&'+ L"ng'"ge ?HTML@3 t$e *"ng'"ges o, t$e -o!* -i e -e%

?---@3 "**o#s 'se!s to +!o 'ces -e% +"ges t$"t inc*' e text3 g!"+$ics "n

+ointe! to ot$e! -e% +"ges ?Hy+e!*in&s@)HTML is not " +!og!"mming *"ng'"ge %'t it is "n "++*ic"tion o, ISO St"n "!

XX


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B"sic HTML T"gs :

44 44V S+eci,ies comments

AVYYY) AV .!e"tes $y+e!text *in&s

BVYYY) BV Fo!m"ts text "s %o*

BIGVYYY) BIGV Fo!m"ts text in *"!ge ,ont)

BOD1VY BOD1V .ont"ins "** t"gs "n text in t$e HTML

oc'ment

.ENTERV))) .ENTERV .!e"tes textDDVY DDV De,inition o, " te!m

DLV))) DLV .!e"tes e,inition *ist

FONTVY FONTV Fo!m"ts text #it$ " +"!tic'*"! ,ont

FORMV))) FORMV Enc*oses " ,i**4o't ,o!m

FRAMEV))) FRAMEV De,ines " +"!tic'*"! ,!"me in " set o, ,!"mes

H VY H V .!e"tes $e" ings o, i,,e!ent *e(e*s

HEADV))) HEADV .ont"ins t"gs t$"t s+eci,y in,o!m"tion "%o't

" oc'ment

HRV))) HRV .!e"tes " $o!i=ont"* !'*e

HTMLVY HTMLV .ont"ins "** ot$e! HTML t"gs

METAV))) METAV P!o(i es met"4in,o!m"tion "%o't " oc'ment

S.RIPTVY S.RIPTV .ont"ins c*ient4si e o! se!(e!4si e sc!i+t

TABLEVY TABLEV .!e"tes " t"%*e

TDVY TDV In ic"tes t"%*e "t" in " t"%*e

TRVY TRV Design"tes " t"%*e !o#

THVY THV .!e"tes " $e" ing in " t"%*e

A ("nt"ges

A HTML oc'ment is sm"** "n $ence e"sy to sen o(e! t$e net)

It is sm"** %ec"'se it oes not inc*' e ,o!m"tte in,o!m"tion)


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HTML is +*"t,o!m in e+en ent)

HTML t"gs "!e not c"se4sensiti(e)

"(" D"t"%"se .onnecti(ity

-$"t Is DB.

DB. is " "(" API ,o! exec'ting S>L st"tements) ?As " +oint o, inte!est3

DB. is " t!" em"!&e n"me "n is not "n "c!onym ne(e!t$e*ess3 DB. is

o,ten t$o'g$t o, "s st"n ing ,o! "(" D"t"%"se .onnecti(ity) It consists o, "

set o, c*"sses "n inte!,"ces #!itten in t$e "(" +!og!"mming *"ng'"ge) DB.

+!o(i es " st"n "! API ,o! too* "t"%"se e(e*o+e!s "n m"&es it +ossi%*eto #!ite "t"%"se "++*ic"tions 'sing " +'!e "(" API)

Using DB.3 it is e"sy to sen S>L st"tements to (i!t'"**y "ny !e*"tion"*

"t"%"se) One c"n #!ite " sing*e +!og!"m 'sing t$e DB. API3 "n t$e

+!og!"m #i** %e "%*e to sen S>L st"tements to t$e "++!o+!i"te "t"%"se)

T$e com%in"tions o, "(" "n DB. *ets " +!og!"mme! #!ite it once "n !'n

it "ny#$e!e)

-$"t Does DB. Do

Sim+*y +'t3 DB. m"&es it +ossi%*e to o t$!ee t$ings:

Est"%*is$ " connection #it$ " "t"%"se

Sen S>L st"tements

P!ocess t$e !es'*ts)

DB. (e!s's ODB. "n ot$e! APIs

At t$is +oint3 Mic!oso,t s ODB. ?O+en D"t"%"se .onnecti(ity@ API is t$"t

+!o%"%*y t$e most #i e*y 'se +!og!"mming inte!,"ce ,o! "ccessing !e*"tion"*

"t"%"ses) It o,,e!s t$e "%i*ity to connect to "*most "** "t"%"ses on "*most

"** +*"t,o!ms)

So #$y not 'st 'se ODB. ,!om "(" T$e "ns#e! is t$"t yo' c"n 'se ODB.

,!om "("3 %'t t$is is %est one #it$ t$e $e*+ o, DB. in t$e ,o!m o, t$e


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45/124

c*ient3 "n t$e m"c$ine $o'sing t$e "t"%"se "s t$e se!(e!) T$e net#o!& c"n

%e "n Int!"net3 #$ic$3 ,o! ex"m+*e3 connects em+*oyees #it$in " co!+o!"tion3

o! it c"n %e t$e Inte!net)

In t$e t$!ee4tie! mo e*3 comm"n s "!e sent to " mi *e tie! o, se!(ices3

#$ic$ t$en sen S>L st"tements to t$e "t"%"se) T$e "t"%"se +!ocesses

t$e S>L st"tements "n sen s t$e !es'*ts %"c& to t$e mi *e tie!3 #$ic$ t$en

JAVA Application

JDBC

DBMS

Client m achine

DBMS-proprietary protocol

Database server

Java applet orHtml browser

ApplicationServer (Java)

JDBC

DBMS

Client machine (GUI)

HTTP, RMI, or CORBA calls

Server machine (business Logic)DBMS-proprietary protocol

Database server


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sen s t$em to t$e 'se!) MIS i!ecto!s ,in t$e t$!ee4tie! mo e* (e!y

"tt!"cti(e %ec"'se t$e mi *e tie! m"&es it +ossi%*e to m"int"in cont!o* o(e!

"ccess "n t$e &in s o, '+ "tes t$"t c"n %e m" e to co!+o!"te "t") Anot$e!

" ("nt"ge is t$"t #$en t$e!e is " mi *e tie!3 t$e 'se! c"n em+*oy "n e"sy4

to4'se $ig$e!4*e(e* API #$ic$ is t!"ns*"te %y t$e mi *e tie! into t$e

"++!o+!i"te *o#4*e(e* c"**s) Fin"**y3 in m"ny c"ses t$e t$!ee4tie! "!c$itect'!e

c"n +!o(i e +e!,o!m"nce " ("nt"ges)

Unti* no# t$e mi *e tie! $"s ty+ic"**y %een #!itten in *"ng'"ges s'c$ "s .

o! .QQ3 #$ic$ o,,e! ,"st +e!,o!m"nce) Ho#e(e!3 #it$ t$e int!o 'ction o,

o+timi=ing com+i*e!s t$"t t!"ns*"te "(" %yte co e into e,,icient m"c$ine4

s+eci,ic co e3 it is %ecoming +!"ctic"* to im+*ement t$e mi *e tie! in

"(") T$is is " %ig +*'s3 m"&ing it +ossi%*e to t"&e " ("nt"ge o, "(" s

!o%'stness3 m'*tit$!e" ing3 "n sec'!ity ,e"t'!es) DB. is im+o!t"nt to

"**o# "t"%"se "ccess ,!om " "(" mi *e tie!)

DB. D!i(e! Ty+es

T$e DB. !i(e!s t$"t #e "!e "#"!e o, "t t$is time ,it into one o, ,o'!

c"tego!ies:

DB.4ODB. %!i ge +*'s ODB. !i(e!

N"ti(e4API +"!t*y4 "(" !i(e!

DB.4Net +'!e "(" !i(e!

N"ti(e4+!otoco* +'!e "(" !i(e!

9D &-=D & rid e

I, +ossi%*e3 'se " P'!e "(" DB. !i(e! inste" o, t$e B!i ge "n "n

ODB. !i(e!) T$is com+*ete*y e*imin"tes t$e c*ient con,ig'!"tion !e2'i!e

%y ODB.) It "*so e*imin"tes t$e +otenti"* t$"t t$e "(" M co'* %e

co!!'+te %y "n e!!o! in t$e n"ti(e co e %!o'g$t in %y t$e B!i ge ?t$"t is3

t$e B!i ge n"ti(e *i%!"!y3 t$e ODB. !i(e! m"n"ge! *i%!"!y3 t$e ODB.

!i(e! *i%!"!y3 "n t$e "t"%"se c*ient *i%!"!y@)


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-$"t Is t$e DB.4 ODB. B!i ge

T$e DB.4ODB. B!i ge is " DB. !i(e!3 #$ic$ im+*ements DB.

o+e!"tions %y t!"ns*"ting t$em into ODB. o+e!"tions) To ODB. it "++e"!s

"s " no!m"* "++*ic"tion +!og!"m) T$e B!i ge im+*ements DB. ,o! "ny"t"%"se ,o! #$ic$ "n ODB. !i(e! is "("i*"%*e) T$e B!i ge is

im+*emente "s t$e

S'n) %c)o %c "(" +"c&"ge "n cont"ins " n"ti(e *i%!"!y 'se to "ccess

ODB.) T$e B!i ge is " oint e(e*o+ment o, Inne!so*e "n "(" So,t)

"(" Se!(e! P"ges ? SP@

"(" se!(e! P"ges is " sim+*e3 yet +o#e!,'* tec$no*ogy ,o! c!e"ting "n

m"int"ining yn"mic4content #e% +"ges) B"se on t$e "(" +!og!"mming

*"ng'"ge3 "(" Se!(e! P"ges o,,e!s +!o(en +o!t"%i*ity3 o+en st"n "! s3

"n " m"t'!e !e4's"%*e com+onent mo e* )T$e "(" Se!(e! P"ges

"!c$itect'!e en"%*es t$e se+"!"tion o, content gene!"tion ,!om content

+!esent"tion) T$is se+"!"tion not e"ses m"inten"nce $e" "c$es it "*so

"**o#s #e% te"m mem%e!s to ,oc's on t$ei! "!e"s o, ex+e!tise) No#3 #e%

+"ge esigne! c"n concent!"te on *"yo't3 "n #e% "++*ic"tion esigne!s

on +!og!"mming3 #it$ minim"* conce!n "%o't im+"cting e"c$ ot$e!9s#o!&)

Fe"t'!es o, SP

Po!t"%i*ity:

"(" Se!(e! P"ges ,i*es c"n %e !'n on "ny #e% se!(e! o! #e%4en"%*e

"++*ic"tion se!(e! t$"t +!o(i es s'++o!t ,o! t$em) D'%%e t$e SP engine3

t$is s'++o!t in(o*(es !ecognition3 t!"ns*"tion3 "n m"n"gement o, t$e

"(" Se!(e! P"ge *i,ecyc*e "n its inte!"ction com+onents)

.om+onents


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It #"s mentione e"!*ie! t$"t t$e "(" Se!(e! P"ges "!c$itect'!e c"n

inc*' e !e's"%*e "(" com+onents) T$e "!c$itect'!e "*so "**o#s ,o! t$e

em%e ing o, " sc!i+ting *"ng'"ge i!ect*y into t$e "(" Se!(e! P"ges ,i*e)

T$e com+onents c'!!ent s'++o!te inc*' e "(" Be"ns3 "n Se!(*ets)

P!ocessing

A "(" Se!(e! P"ges ,i*e is essenti"**y "n HTML oc'ment #it$ SP

sc!i+ting o! t"gs) T$e "(" Se!(e! P"ges ,i*e $"s " SP extension to t$e

se!(e! "s " "(" Se!(e! P"ges ,i*e) Be,o!e t$e +"ge is se!(e 3 t$e "("

Se!(e! P"ges synt"x is +"!se "n +!ocesse into " Se!(*et on t$e se!(e!

si e) T$e Se!(*et t$"t is gene!"te o't+'ts !e"* content in st!"ig$t HTML

,o! !es+on ing to t$e c*ient)

Access Mo e*s:

A "(" Se!(e! P"ges ,i*e m"y %e "ccesse in "t *e"st t#o i,,e!ent #"ys) A

c*ient9s !e2'est comes i!ect*y into " "(" Se!(e! P"ge) In t$is scen"!io3

s'++ose t$e +"ge "ccesses !e's"%*e "(" Be"n com+onents t$"t +e!,o!m

+"!tic'*"! #e**4 e,ine com+'t"tions *i&e "ccessing " "t"%"se) T$e !es'*t

o, t$e Be"ns com+'t"tions3 c"**e !es'*t sets is sto!e #it$in t$e Be"n "s

+!o+e!ties) T$e +"ge 'ses s'c$ Be"ns to gene!"te yn"mic content "n

+!esent it %"c& to t$e c*ient)

In %ot$ o, t$e "%o(e c"ses3 t$e +"ge co'* "*so cont"in "ny ("*i "("

co e) "(" Se!(e! P"ges "!c$itect'!e enco'!"ges se+"!"tion o, content

,!om +!esent"tion)

Ste+s in t$e exec'tion o, " SP A++*ic"tion:

5) T$e c*ient sen s " !e2'est to t$e #e% se!(e! ,o! " SP ,i*e %y gi(ing t$e

n"me o, t$e SP ,i*e #it$in t$e ,o!m t"g o, " HTML +"ge)

2. %)is re8uest is trans erred to t)e 9a0a>ebSer0er. At t)e ser0er side

9a0a>ebSer0er recei0es t)e re8uest and i it is a re8uest or a 7s fle

ser0er i0es t)is re8uest to t)e 9SP en ine.


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&)a ter'


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ER-D,A?RA S


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Entity-relationship model

&atabases are used to store structured data! The structure of this data together with other

constraints can be designed using a variety of techniques one of which is called entity-

relationship modeling or E'(! The end-product of the E'( process is an entity-

relationship diagram or E'&! &ata modeling requires a graphical notation for

representing such data models! )n E'& is a type of conceptual data model or semantic

data model!

The first stage of information system design uses these models to describe information

needs or the type of information that is to be stored in a database during the requirements

analysis! The data modeling technique can be used to describe any ontology *i!e! an

overview and classifications of used terms and their relationships+ for a certain universe

of discourse *i!e! area of interest+! In the case of the design of an information system that

is based on a database the conceptual data model is at a later stage *usually called

logical design+ mapped to a logical data model such as the relational model, this in turn

is mapped to a physical model during physical design! ote that sometimes both of these

phases are referred to as .physical design.!

There are a number of conventions for entity-relationship diagrams *E'&s+! The classical

notation is described in the remainder of this article and mainly relates to conceptual

modelling! There are a range of notations more typically employed in logical and

physical database design including information engineering IDEF1x *I#)( &E/inition

0anguage+ and dimensional modelling !

Common symbols

%/o related entities
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Erd-entity-relationship-example1.png


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An entity /it) an attribute

A relations)i /it) an attribute

Primary ey

A sam le ER dia ram

)n entity represents a discrete object! Entities can be thought of as nouns! E1amples2 a

computer an employee a song a mathematical theorem! ) relationship captures how two

or more entities are related to one another! 'elationships can be thought of as verbs!

E1amples2 an owns relationship between a company and a computer a supervises

relationship between an employee and a department a performs relationship between an

artist and a song a proved relationship between a mathematician and a theorem! Entities

are drawn as rectangles relationships as diamonds!

Entities and relationships can both have attributes! E1amples2 an employee entity might

have a social security number attribute *in the 3$+, the proved relationship may have adate attribute! )ttributes are drawn as ovals connected to their owning entity sets by a

line!

Every entity *unless it is a weak entity+ must have a minimal set of uniquely identifying

attributes which is called the entity4s primary key!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ER_Diagram_MMORPG.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Erd-id-as-primary-key.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Erd-relationship-with-attribute.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Erd-entity-with-attribute.png


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Entity-relationship diagrams don4t show single entities or single instances of relations!

'ather they show entity sets and relationship sets *displayed as rectangles and diamonds

respectively+! E1ample2 a particular song is an entity! The collection of all songs in a

database is an entity set! The proved relationship between )ndrew 5iles and /ermat4s last

theorem is a single relationship! The set of all such mathematician-theorem relationships

in a database is a relationship set!

0ines are drawn between entity sets and the relationship sets they are involved in! If all

entities in an entity set must participate in the relationship set a thick or double line is

drawn! This is called a participation constraint! If each entity of the entity set can

participate in at most one relationship in the relationship set an arrow is drawn from the

entity set to the relationship set! This is called a key constraint! To indicate that eachentity in the entity set is involved in e1actly one relationship a thick arrow is drawn!

)ssociative entity is used to solve the problem of two entities with a many-to-many

relationship

3nary 'elationships - a unary relationship is a relationship between the rows of a single

table!

Less common symbols

) weak entity is an entity that can4t be uniquely identified by its own attributes alone and

therefore must use as its primary key both its own attributes and the primary key of an

entity it is related to! ) weak entity set is indicated by a bold rectangle *the entity+

connected by a bold arrow to a bold diamond *the relationship+! &ouble lines can be used

instead of bold ones!

)ttributes in an E' model may be further described as multi-valued composite or

derived! ) multi-valued attribute illustrated with a double-line ellipse may have more

than one value for at least one instance of its entity! /or e1ample a piece of software

*entity6application+ may have the multivalued attribute .platform. because at least one

instance of that entity runs on more than one operating system! ) composite attribute may


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A Son may or may not be er ormed by any Artist6 as indicated by

t)e o en circle.

This notation is gaining acceptance through common usage in %racle te1ts and in toolssuch as Visio and 8ower&esigner with the following benefits2

&larity in identi yin t)e many6 or c)ild6 side o t)e relations)i 6 usin

t)e cro/@s oot. &oncise notation or identi yin mandatory relations)i 6 usin a

er endicular bar6 or an o tional relations)i 6 usin an o en circle.

E-R Dia rams or E-%ransaction ,nter ace


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A"

,D

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DS%A%+

S

RED A&"=

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RE9E&%

A&&"=

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E

DA%A ASEDES,?"


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Database normalization is a design technique by which relational database tables are

structured in such a way as to make them invulnerable to certain types of logical

inconsistencies and anomalies! Tables can be normali9ed to varying degrees2 relational

database theory defines .normal forms. of successively higher degrees of stringency so

for e1ample a table in third normal form is less open to logical inconsistencies and

anomalies than a table that is only in second normal form! )lthough the normal forms are

often defined *informally+ in terms of the characteristics of tables rigorous definitions of

the normal forms are concerned with the characteristics of mathematical constructs


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known as relations! 5henever information is represented relationally:that is roughly

speaking as values within rows beneath fi1ed column headings:it makes sense to ask to

what e1tent the representation is normali9ed!

Problems addressed by normalization

) table that is not sufficiently normali9ed can suffer from logical inconsistencies of

various types and from anomalies involving data operations! In such a table2

The same fact can be e1pressed on multiple records, therefore updates to the table

may result in logical inconsistencies! /or e1ample each record in an

unnormali9ed .&V& 'entals. table might contain a &V& I& (ember I& and

(ember )ddress, thus a change of address for a particular member will

potentially need to be applied to multiple records! If the update is not carried

through successfully:if that is the member4s address is updated on some records

but not others:then the table is left in an inconsistent state! $pecifically the table

provides conflicting answers to the question of what this particular member4s

address is! This phenomenon is known as an update anomaly !

There are circumstances in which certain facts cannot be recorded at all! In the

above e1ample if it is the case that (ember )ddress is held only in the .&V&'entals. table then we cannot record the address of a member who has not yet

rented any &V&s! This phenomenon is known as an insertion anomaly ! There are circumstances in which the deletion of data representing certain facts

necessitates the deletion of data representing completely different facts! /or

e1ample suppose a table has the attributes $tudent I& #ourse I& and 0ecturer

I& *a given student is enrolled in a given course which is taught by a given

lecturer+! If the number of students enrolled in the course temporarily drops to

9ero the last of the records referencing that course must be deleted:meaning as

a side-effect that the table no longer tells us which lecturer has been assigned to

teach the course! This phenomenon is known as a deletion anomaly !


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Ideally a relational database should be designed in such a way as to e1clude the

possibility of update insertion and deletion anomalies! The normal forms of relational

database theory provide guidelines for deciding whether a particular design will be

vulnerable to such anomalies! It is possible to correct an unnormali9ed design so as to

make it adhere to the demands of the normal forms2 this is normali9ation! ormali9ation

typically involves decomposing an unnormali9ed table into two or more tables which

were they to be combined *joined+ would convey e1actly the same information as the

original table!

Background to normalization: definitions

Functional dependency 2)ttribute " has a functional dependency on attribute )

if for each value of attribute ) there is e1actly one value of attribute "! /or e1ample (ember )ddress has a functional dependency on (ember I& because a

particular (ember )ddress value corresponds to every (ember I& value! )n

attribute may be functionally dependent either on a single attribute or on a

combination of attributes! It is not possible to determine the e1tent to which a

design is normali9ed without understanding what functional dependencies apply

to the attributes within its tables, understanding this in turn requires knowledge

of the problem domain! Trivial functional dependency 2 ) trivial functional dependency is a functional

dependency of an attribute on a superset of itself! ;(ember I& (ember )ddress if it is a+ functionally dependent on > and b+ not functionally

dependent on any proper subset of >! ;(ember )ddress< has a functional

dependency on ;&V& I& (ember I&< but not a full functional dependency for

it is also dependent on ;(ember I&

which the presence of certain rows in a table implies the presence of certain other

rows2 see the (ultivalued &ependency article for a rigorous definition!


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!uperkey 2 ) superkey is an attribute or set of attributes that uniquely identifies

rows within a table, in other words two distinct rows are always guaranteed to

have distinct superkeys! ;&V& I& (ember I& (ember )ddress< would be a

superkey for the .&V& 'entals. table, ;&V& I& (ember I&< would also be a

superkey!

Candidate key 2 ) candidate key is a minimal superkey that is a superkey for

which we can say that no proper subset of it is also a superkey! ;&V& I&

(ember I&< would be a candidate key for the .&V& 'entals. table!

"on-prime attribute 2 ) non-prime attribute is an attribute that does not occur in

any candidate key! (ember )ddress would be a non-prime attribute in the .&V&

'entals. table!

Primary key 2 (ost &"($s require a table to be defined as having a single

unique key rather than a number of possible unique keys! ) primary key is a

candidate key which the database designer has designated for this purpose!

#istory

Edgar /! #odd first proposed the process of normali9ation and what came to be known as

the $st normal form 2

Edgar /! #odd used the term .non-simple. domains to describe a heterogeneous data

structure but later researchers would refer to such a structure as an abstract data type!

"ormal forms

The normal forms *abbrev! "F + of relational database theory provide criteria for

determining a table4s degree of vulnerability to logical inconsistencies and anomalies! The

higher the normal form applicable to a table the less vulnerable it is to suchinconsistencies and anomalies! Each table has a .highest normal form. *? /+2 by

definition a table always meets the requirements of its ? / and of all normal forms

lower than its ? /, also by definition a table fails to meet the requirements of any

normal form higher than its ? /!


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The normal forms are applicable to individual tables, to say that an entire database is in

normal form n is to say that all of its tables are in normal form n!

ewcomers to database design sometimes suppose that normali9ation proceeds in an

iterative fashion i!e! a @ / design is first normali9ed to A / then to B / and so on!

This is not an accurate description of how normali9ation typically works! ) sensibly

designed table is likely to be in B / on the first attempt, furthermore if it is B / it is

overwhelmingly likely to have an ? / of C /! )chieving the .higher. normal forms

*above B /+ does not usually require an e1tra e1penditure of effort on the part of the

designer because B / tables usually need no modification to meet the requirements of

these higher normal forms!

Edgar /! #odd originally defined the first three normal forms *@ / A / and B /+!

These normal forms have been summari9ed as requiring that all non-key attributes be

dependent on .the key the whole key and nothing but the key.! The fourth and fifth

normal forms *D / and C /+ deal specifically with the representation of many-to-many

and one-to-many relationships among attributes! $i1th normal form * /+ incorporates

considerations relevant to temporal databases!

First normal form

The criteria for first normal form *$"F + are2 ) table must be guaranteed not to have any duplicate records, therefore it

must have at least one candidate key! There must be no repeating groups i!e! no attributes which occur a

different number of times on different records! /or e1ample suppose that

an employee can have multiple skills2 a possible representation of

employees4 skills is ;Employee I& $kill@ $killA $killB !!!< where

;Employee I&< is the unique identifier for a record! This representation

would not be in @ /!


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ote that all relations are in @ /! The question of whether a given

representation is in @ / is equivalent to the question of whether it is a

relation!

!econd normal form

The criteria for second normal form *%"F + are2

The table must be in @ /!

one of the non-prime attributes of the table are functionally dependent

on a part *proper subset+ of a candidate key, in other words all functional

dependencies of non-prime attributes on candidate keys are full functional

dependencies! /or e1ample consider a .&epartment (embers. table

whose attributes are &epartment I& Employee I& and Employee &ate of "irth, and suppose that an employee works in one or more departments!

The combination of &epartment I& and Employee I& uniquely identifies

records within the table! Fiven that Employee &ate of "irth depends on

only one of those attributes G namely Employee I& G the table is not in

A /!

ote that if none of a @ / table4s candidate keys are composite G i!e!

every candidate key consists of just one attribute G then we can say

immediately that the table is in A /!

Third normal form

The criteria for third normal form *&"F + are2

The table must be in A /!

There are no non-trivial functional dependencies between non-prime

attributes! ) violation of B / would mean that at least one non-prime

attribute is only indirectly dependent *transitively dependent+ on acandidate key by virtue of being functionally dependent on another non-

prime attribute! /or e1ample consider a .&epartments. table whose

attributes are &epartment I& &epartment ame (anager I& and

(anager ?ire &ate, and suppose that each manager can manage one or

more departments! ;&epartment I&< is a candidate key! )lthough


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(anager ?ire &ate is functionally dependent on ;&epartment I&< it is

also functionally dependent on the non-prime attribute (anager I&! This

means the table is not in B /!

Boyce-Codd normal form

The criteria for Boyce-Codd normal form *BC"F + are2 The table must be in B /!

Every non-trivial functional dependency must be a dependency on a

superkey!

Fourth normal form

The criteria for fourth normal form *'"F + are2

The table must be in "# /!

There must be no non-trivial multivalued dependencies on something

other than a superkey! ) "# / table is said to be in D / if and only if all

of its multivalued dependencies are functional dependencies!

Fifth normal form

The criteria for fifth normal form *("F and also P)*"F + are2

The table must be in D /!

There must be no non-trivial join dependencies that do not follow from the

key constraints! ) D / table is said to be in the C / if and only if every

join dependency in it is implied by the candidate keys!

Domain*key normal form

Domain*key normal form *or D+"F + requires that a table not be subject to anyconstraints other than domain constraints and key constraints!


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!i,th normal form

This normal form was as of AHHC only recently proposed2 the si,th normal form * "F +

was only defined when e1tending the relational model to take into account the temporal

dimension! 3nfortunately most current $ 0 technologies as of AHHC do not take into

account this work and most temporal e1tensions to $ 0 are not relational! $ee work by

&ate &arwen and 0orent9os for a relational temporal e1tension or see T$ 0A for a

different approach!

TA LES !SE" #N T$#S %&O ECT

Table Name( B"n&

Col)mn Name "ata type Si*eI N'm%e! 6JBN"me "!c$"!6 66J

"escription( T$is t"%*e sto!es t$e et"i*s "%o't t$e %"n& i enti,ie %y t$e i

"n #it$ "ssoci"te B"n& N"me)

Table Name( B*ogin

Col)mn Name "ata type Si*eI N'm%e! 6J


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BID "!c$"!6 6 JP-D "!c$"!6 6 JBNAME "!c$"!6 6 JSTATUS N'm%e! 5J

"escription( T$is t"%*e sto!es t$e *ogin et"i*s o, t$e %"n&)

Table Name( .*ogin

Col)mn Name "ata type Si*eI N'm%e! 6J.ID "!c$"!6 66JP-D "!c$"!6 66JSTATUS N'm%e! 5J

"escription( T$is t"%*e sto!es t$e et"i*s "%o't t$e .'stome! Login)

Table Name( .RE E.T

Col)mn Name "ata type Si*e.ID AR.HAR6 66JP-D "!c$"!6 66JA..NO "!c$"!6 66JBNAME "!c$"!6 66J

"escription( T$is t"%*e sto!es t$e et"i*s "%o't t$e "cco'nts t$"t #e!e !e ecte

%y t$e A minist!"to!

Table Name( .'stome!

Col)mn Name "ata type Si*eI "!c$"!6 66JAccno "!c$"!6 66JAty+e "!c$"!6 66J.n"me "!c$"!6 66JBn"me "!c$"!6 66JB"* N'm%e! 7J


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"escription( T$is t"%*e " s "n ent!y #$en e(e! " 'se! t!"ns,e!s "mo'nt ,!om

one "cco'nt to "not$e! "cco'nt) An m'st %e "cce+te %y t$e " minist!"to!)

Table Name( t!"ns,e!

Col)mn Name "ata type Si*eI N'm%e! 7JS"ccno "!c$"!6 56JD"ccno "!c$"!6 56JAmt N'm%e! 7JAty+e "!c$"!6 56JDty+e "!c$"!6 56JT+# "!c$"!6 56JSB"n& "!c$"!6 56JDB"n& "!c$"!6 56J

"escription( T$is t"%*e #i** %e e,,ecte #$en " 'se! t!"ns,e!s money %et#eeni,,e!ent %"n&s)


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S=F%>AREAR&;,%E&%+RE


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O'! P!o+ose system 'ses t$e M . ?Mo e* ie# .ont!o**e! A!c$itect'!e ,o! t$e

+!o ect De(e*o+ment@)

+odel ,iew Controller Architect)re(

M . A!c$itect'!e De,ines t$"t T$e cont!o**e! is se+"!"te ,!om t$e systemmo e* "n ie#) It is com+ose o, t$!ee i,,e!ent *"ye!s) Being " -e% %"se

"!c$itect'!e) T$e Use! Inte!,"ce is com+*ete*y se+"!"te ,!om t$e enti!e

B'siness Logic L"ye!) T$e "t"%"se "n %'siness *ogic "!e %o'n e to g"t$e!)

T$e D"t"%"se L"ye! "n B'siness Logic L"ye! !'ns on t$e se!(e! M"c$ine "n

t$e Use! Inte!,"ce L"ye! #i** !'n 'n e! t$e .*ient M"c$ine) Fo! e(e*o+ing t$e

Use! Inte!,"ce #e "!e $"(ing HTML "n "(" Sc!i+t) Fo! B'siness Login "n

D"t"%"se .onnecti(ity Se!(*ets "n SP "!e 'se ) In t$e B"c&e t$e se!(*ets "n

s+9s "!e connecte to D"t"%"se t$!o'g$ DB. API) T$e #e% se!(e! +*"ys "

m" o! !o*e in connecting t$e c*ient 'se! inte!,"ce "n t$e se!(*ets "n SP)

T$e B*oc& Di"g!"m o, t$e A!c$itect'!e is "s ,o**o#s)


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>eb Ser0er

+ser ,nter aceC;% < 9a0a Scri t

Ser0lets 9SPs

)tt Res onse )tt Re8ue

st

=racle

9D &

Desi nDocument


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+",F,ED =DE


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En(i!onment"* Mo e* ie#

In t$is t$e st!'ct'!"* "n %e$"(io!"* "s+ects o, t$e en(i!onment in #$ic$ t$e

system is to %e im+*emente "!e !e+!esente )

UML is s+eci,ic"**y const!'cte t$!o'g$ t#o i,,e!ent om"ins t$ey "!e

UML An"*ysis mo e*ing3 #$ic$ ,oc'ses on t$e 'se!

mo e* "n st!'ct'!"* mo e* (ie#s o, t$e system)

UML esign mo e*ing3 #$ic$ ,oc'ses on t$e %e$"(io!"*

mo e*ing3 im+*ement"tion mo e*ing "n en(i!onment"*

mo e* (ie#s)

Use c"se Di"g!"ms !e+!esent t$e ,'nction"*ity o, t$e system ,!om " 'se!9s

+oint o, (ie#) Use c"ses "!e 'se '!ing !e2'i!ements e*icit"tion "n "n"*ysis

to !e+!esent t$e ,'nction"*ity o, t$e system) Use c"ses ,oc's on t$e %e$"(io!

o, t$e system ,!om exte!n"* +oint o, (ie#)

Acto!s "!e exte!n"* entities t$"t inte!"ct #it$ t$e system) Ex"m+*es o, "cto!s

inc*' e 'se!s *i&e " minist!"to!3 %"n& c'stome! Yetc)3 o! "not$e! system *i&ecent!"* "t"%"se)


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Use c"se Mo e*)

Use Cases of E-Transaction Interface

SYSTEM NAME

Use case 1

Use case 2

Use case n

ActorActor


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e-Transaction Interface

LOGIN

BANK REGISTRATION

CUSTOMER REGISTRATION

AMOUNT TRANSCATION

ACCOUNT CREATON

VIE TRANSCATION STATUS

TRANSACTION VERI!ICATION

ACCOUNT VERI!ICATION

RE"ORTS GENEATION


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an er


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actorsFlow ofevents

%)e administrator /ill all t)e details submitted by ban er andcreates and lace in t)e a lication.

EntryCondition

ust satis y all t)e norms i0en by t)e e-transaction inter acesite.

Exitcondition

Success ul or +n success ul com letion o creation o account.

QualityRequirement s

All felds are mandatory.

Use casename

&ustomer Re istration

Participatingactors

&ustomer

Flow ofevents

%)e customer must enter all )is ersonal details.

EntryCondition

ie/ ;ome a e

Exitcondition

Re istered customer s)ould be success ully lo ed out. Erroressa e s)ould be dis layed on +n success ul creation.


est Error ;andlin tec)ni8ues. &)ec on andatory felds.

Use casename

Amount %ransaction

Participatingactors

&ustomer

Flow ofevents

%)e customer selects t)e tar et account and must i0e t)eamount to be trans erred across t)e accounts.

EntryCondition

+ser s)ould )a0e an account and t)e destination accounts)ould be 0alid one.

Exitcondition

%ransaction must be rolled bac i e ce tions are raised.

Quality

Requirement s

%ar et account must be 0erifed6 amount entered must be

0alid. &ross c)ec in o account balance.

Use casename

Amount %ransaction

Participatingactors

&ustomer


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Flow ofevents

%)e customer selects t)e tar et account and must i0e t)eamount to be trans erred across t)e accounts.

EntryCondition

+ser s)ould )a0e an account and t)e destination accounts)ould be 0alid one.

Exitcondition

%ransaction must be rolled bac i e ce tions are raised.


%ar et account must be 0erifed6 amount entered must be0alid. &ross c)ec in o account balance.

Use casename

Account creation

Participatingactors

&ustomer

Flow ofevents

%)e customer must create t)e ban account by i0in t)enecessary data.

EntryCondition

Actor must no/ t)e ro er ban account number and t)eban .

Exitcondition

"ot A licable


"ot A licable

Use casename

ie/ %ransaction Status

Participatingactors

&ustomer

Flow ofevents

%)e customer can 0ie/ t)e /)et)er t)e transaction isa ro0ed or re7ected..

EntryCondition

"ot A licable.

Exitcondition "ot A licable


?ood Re ort Desi n

Use casename

%ransaction erifcation


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Participatingactors

an er

Flow ofevents

%)e an er must 0eri y t)e transaction be ore it /as oin tobe committed.

EntryCondition

an er must c)ec t)e 0alidity constraints

Exitcondition

an er must com lete t)e tas be ore e itin t)e system


"ot A licable

Use casename

Account erifcation

Participatingactors

an er

Flow ofevents

%)e an er can acce t or re7ect t)e account t)at can beadded to t)e customer.

EntryCondition

;e must 0eri y t)e account t)at is t)at account belon s tos ecifed erson or not.

Exitcondition

"ot A licable


"o A licable

Use casename Re orts ?eneration

Participatingactors

an er

Flow ofevents

%)e an er can 0ie/ t)e re orts re ardin t)e accounts andtransactions in s ecifed time.

EntryCondition

Duration o t)e Re orts

Exitcondition

"ot A licable

QualityRequirement

s

?ood Re ort Desi n


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CLASS "#A &A+S.*"ss i"g!"ms esc!i%e t$e st!'ct'!e o, t$e system in te!ms o, c*"sses "no% ects) T$e se!(*et "+i c*"ss i"g!"m #i** %e "s ,o**o#s)

9SPG ,m licit


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SE>UEN.E DIAGRAMS

Se2'ence Di"g!"ms Re+!esent t$e o% ects +"!tici+"ting t$e inte!"ction

$o!i=ont"**y "n time (e!tic"**y)

Se uence !ia"ram #

Se uence !ia"ram $

Admin

G


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Se uence !ia"ram %C%HG %ransactions

Se uence !ia"ram &

&ustomer

G%H G %H eri y G D

Press Amountsubmit C

>ait or acce tanceC

&odinan er

G


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P!og!"m Design L"ng'"ge

T$e +!og!"m esign *"ng'"ge is "*so c"**e "s st!'ct'!e Eng*is$

o! +se' o+o i") PDL is " gene!ic !e,e!ence ,o! " esign

*"ng'"ge PDL *oo&s *i&e " mo e!n *"ng'"ge) T$e i,,e!ence

%et#een PDL "n !e"* +!og!"mming *"ng'"ge *ies in t$e

n"!!"ti(e text em%e e i!ect*y #it$in PDL st"tements)

T$e c$"!"cte!istics !e2'i!e %y " esign *"ng'"ge "!e:

A ,ixe system o, &ey#o! s t$"t +!o(i e ,o! "** st!'ct'!e

const!'cts "te ec*"!"tion "n mo '*"!ity c$"!"cte!istics)


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A ,!ee synt"x o, n"t'!"* *"ng'"ge t$"t esc!i%es +!ocessing

,e"t'!es)

D"te ec*"!"tion ,"ci*ities t$"t s$o'* inc*' e %ot$ sim+*e "n

com+*ex "t" st!'ct'!es)S'%+!og!"m e,inition "n c"**ing tec$ni2'es t$"t s'++o!t

("!io's no es o, inte!,"ce esc!i+tion)

PDL synt"x s$o'* inc*' e const!'cts ,o! s'%+!og!"m e,inition3 inte!,"ce

esc!i+tion "te ec*"!"tion tec$ni2'es ,o! st!'ct'!ing3 con itions const!'cts3

!e+etition const!'cts "n I O const!'cts)

PDL c"n %e exten e to inc*' e &ey#o! s ,o! m'*tit"s&ing "n o! conc'!!ent

+!ocessing inte!!'+t $"n *ing3 inte!+oses sync$!oni="tion t$e "++*ic"tion

esign ,o! #$ic$ PDL is to %e 'se s$o'* ict"te t$e ,in"* ,o!m ,o! t$e esign

*"ng'"ge)

&)a ter1*


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Screens


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&)a ter11


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%estin :Debu in

Strate ies


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Testing

Testing is t$e +!ocess o, etecting e!!o!s) Testing +e!,o!ms " (e!y c!itic"* !o*e

,o! 2'"*ity "ss'!"nce "n ,o! ens'!ing t$e !e*i"%i*ity o, so,t#"!e) T$e !es'*ts

o, testing "!e 'se *"te! on '!ing m"inten"nce "*so)

Psyc$o*ogy o, Testing

T$e "im o, testing is o,ten to emonst!"te t$"t " +!og!"m #o!&s %y s$o#ing

t$"t it $"s no e!!o!s) T$e %"sic +'!+ose o, testing +$"se is to etect t$e

e!!o!s t$"t m"y %e +!esent in t$e +!og!"m) Hence one s$o'* not st"!t

testing #it$ t$e intent o, s$o#ing t$"t " +!og!"m #o!&s3 %'t t$e intent

s$o'* %e to s$o# t$"t " +!og!"m oesn9t #o!&) Testing is t$e +!ocess o,

exec'ting " +!og!"m #it$ t$e intent o, ,in ing e!!o!s)

%estin =b7ecti0es

T$e m"in o% ecti(e o, testing is to 'nco(e! " $ost o, e!!o!s3 system"tic"**y

"n #it$ minim'm e,,o!t "n time) St"ting ,o!m"**y3 #e c"n s"y3

%estin is a rocess o e ecutin a ro ram /it) t)e intent o

fndin an error.

A success ul test is one t)at unco0ers an as yet undisco0ered error.

A ood test case is one t)at )as a )i ) robability o fndin error6 i

it e ists.

%)e tests are inade8uate to detect ossibly resent errors.

%)e so t/are more or less confrms to t)e 8uality and reliable

standards.


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%y es = %estin

+nit %estin


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A,te! t$e 'nit testing #e $"(e to +e!,o!m integ!"tion testing) T$e go"* $e!e is

to see i, mo '*es c"n %e integ!"te +!o+e!*y3 t$e em+$"sis %eing on testing

inte!,"ces %et#een mo '*es) T$is testing "cti(ity c"n %e consi e!e "s

testing t$e esign "n $ence t$e em+$"sis on testing mo '*e inte!"ctions)

In t$is +!o ect integ!"ting "** t$e mo '*es ,o!ms t$e m"in system) -$en

integ!"ting "** t$e mo '*es I $"(e c$ec&e #$et$e! t$e integ!"tion e,,ects

#o!&ing o, "ny o, t$e se!(ices %y gi(ing i,,e!ent com%in"tions o, in+'ts #it$

#$ic$ t$e t#o se!(ices !'n +e!,ect*y %e,o!e Integ!"tion)

System %estin

He!e t$e enti!e so,t#"!e system is teste ) T$e !e,e!ence oc'ment ,o! t$is

+!ocess is t$e !e2'i!ements oc'ment3 "n t$e go"* os to see i, so,t#"!emeets its !e2'i!ements)

He!e enti!e [ATM9 $"s %een teste "g"inst !e2'i!ements o, +!o ect "n it is

c$ec&e #$et$e! "** !e2'i!ements o, +!o ect $"(e %een s"tis,ie o! not)

Acce tance %estin

Acce+t"nce Test is +e!,o!me #it$ !e"*istic "t" o, t$e c*ient to emonst!"te

t$"t t$e so,t#"!e is #o!&ing s"tis,"cto!i*y) Testing $e!e is ,oc'se on

exte!n"* %e$"(io! o, t$e system t$e inte!n"* *ogic o, +!og!"m is not

em+$"si=e )

In t$is +!o ect [Net#o!& M"n"gement O, D"t"%"se System9 I $"(e co**ecte

some "t" "n teste #$et$e! +!o ect is #o!&ing co!!ect*y o! not)

Test c"ses s$o'* %e se*ecte so t$"t t$e *"!gest n'm%e! o, "tt!i%'tes o, "n

e2'i("*ence c*"ss is exe!cise "t once) T$e testing +$"se is "n im+o!t"nt +"!t

o, so,t#"!e e(e*o+ment) It is t$e +!ocess o, ,in ing e!!o!s "n missing

o+e!"tions "n "*so " com+*ete (e!i,ic"tion to ete!mine #$et$e! t$e

o% ecti(es "!e met "n t$e 'se! !e2'i!ements "!e s"tis,ie )

-$ite Box Testing

T$is is " 'nit testing met$o #$e!e " 'nit #i** %e t"&en "t " time "n teste

t$o!o'g$*y "t " st"tement *e(e* to ,in t$e m"xim'm +ossi%*e e!!o!s) I teste


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ste+ #ise e(e!y +iece o, co e3 t"&ing c"!e t$"t e(e!y st"tement in t$e co e is

exec'te "t *e"st once) T$e #$ite %ox testing is "*so c"**e G*"ss Box Testing)

I $"(e gene!"te " *ist o, test c"ses3 s"m+*e "t"3 #$ic$ is 'se to c$ec& "**

+ossi%*e com%in"tions o, exec'tion +"t$s t$!o'g$ t$e co e "t e(e!y mo '*e

*e(e*)

B*"c& Box Testing

T$is testing met$o consi e!s " mo '*e "s " sing*e 'nit "n c$ec&s t$e 'nit

"t inte!,"ce "n comm'nic"tion #it$ ot$e! mo '*es !"t$e! getting into et"i*s

"t st"tement *e(e*) He!e t$e mo '*e #i** %e t!e"te "s " %*oc& %ox t$"t #i**

t"&e some in+'t "n gene!"te o't+'t) O't+'t ,o! " gi(en set o, in+'tcom%in"tions "!e ,o!#"! e to ot$e! mo '*es)

.!ite!i" S"tis,ie %y Test ."ses

Test c"ses t$"t !e 'ce %y " co'nt t$"t is g!e"te! t$"n one3 t$e n'm%e! o,

" ition"* test c"ses t$"t m'c$ %e esigne to "c$ie(e !e"son"%*e testing)

Test c"ses t$"t te** 's somet$ing "%o't t$e +!esence o! "%sence o, c*"sses o,

e!!o!s3 !"t$e! t$"n "n e!!o! "ssoci"te on*y #it$ t$e s+eci,ic test "t $"n )


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&)a ter

12


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+ser anual


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Inst"**"tion

M"&e s'!e t$"t t$e system meets t$e so,t#"!e "n $"! #"!e !e2'i!ements)

Se!(e! Si e Inst"**"tion:

De+*oy t$e content o, t$e ,o* e! eti into t$e #e%"++s ,o* e! o, t$e #e%

se!(e!)

Fo! ex"m+*e : tomcat-home V #e%"++s

D"t"%"se Sc$em" Im+o!t:

Login to o!"c*e #it$ system "s 'se!n"me "n +"ss#o! V ? e,"'*t is

m"n"ge!@ "s +"ss#o! ) Use! c!e"te 'se! comm"n to c!e"te " 'se! c"**e

eti #it$ " +"ss#o! eti)

.!e"te 'se! eti i enti,ie %y eti

G!"nt !eso'!ce "n connect +!i(i*eges to t$e 'se! %y 'sing g!"nt comm"n )G!"nt connect to eti

G!"nt !eso'!ce to eti

.*ose t$e s2* comm"n +!om+t)

.o+y t$e ,i*e eti) m+ in t$e eti ,o* e! to t$e !es+ecte !i(e)

Use! im+o!t comm"n to im+o!t t$e sc$em" into t$e eti i!ecto!y)

Im+ system m"n"ge! ,!om'se!Weti to'se!Weti ,i*eWeti) m+

A,te! com+*etion o, im+o!t)

St"!t t$e tomc"t se!(e!

Login to tomc"t m"n"ge! "s " min

.*ic& on eti)

T$en yo' #i** get t$e $ome +"ge o, t$e e4T!"ns"ction inte!,"ce)

.*ient Si e Inst"**"tion:

Being t$e #e%4%"se system m"&e s'!e t$"t inte!net ex+*o!e! inst"**e on

t$e system)

Access t$e "++*ic"tion 'sing $tt+: :XJXJ

Ente! tomc"t4m"n"ge!)

Access eti "++*ic"tion)


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&)a ter1

3


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&onclusions :Recommendations


123/124

.onc*'sions An Recommen "tions

T$e enti!e +!o ect $"s %een e(e*o+e "n e+*oye "s +e! t$e !e2'i!ements

st"te %y t$e 'se!3 it is ,o'n to %e %'g ,!ee "s +e! t$e testing st"n "! s t$"t

"!e im+*emente ) Any s+eci,ic"tion 'nt!"ce e!!o!s #i** %e concent!"te int$e coming (e!sions3 #$ic$ "!e +*"nne to %e e(e*o+e in ne"! ,'t'!e) T$e

system "t +!esent oes not t"&e c"!e o,, t$e money +"yment met$o s3 "s

t$e conso*i "te const!'cts nee SSL st"n "! s "n "!e c!itic"**y to %e

initi"te in t$e ,i!st ,"ce3 t$e "++*ic"tion o, t$e c!e it c"! t!"ns"ctions is

"++*ie "s " e(e*o+ment"* +$"se in t$e coming "ys) T$e system nee s

mo!e e*"%o!"ti(e tec$nic"*ity ,o! its ince+tion "n e(o*'tion)


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Bi%*iog!"+$y:

Re,e!ences ,o! t$e P!o ect De(e*o+ment -e!e T"&en F!om t$e ,o**o#ing

Boo&s "n -e% Sites)

A A Tec$no*ogies

A A .om+*ete Re,e!ence %y He!%e!t S$ei* t "n P"t!ic& N"'g$ton

"(" Sc!i+t Bi%*e Go* E ition

O!"c*e 5Jg Boo&s On*ine "n On*ine He*+ s'++o!t)

-e% En"%*e .omme!ci"* A++*ic"tion De(e*o+ment UsingY "(" 6)J %y

I("n B"y!oss

P!o,ession"* "(" Se!(e! P!og!"mming S'%$!"m"ny"m A**"m"!" ')

Insi e Se!(*ets)

"(")s'n)com t'to!i"*sSo,t#"!e Enginee!ing %y Roge! P!essm"n

O% ect4O!iente So,t#"!e Enginee!ing Using UML3 P"tte!n "n "("

Secon E ition %y Be!n B!'egge3 A**en H)D'etoit)

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